---
license: apache-2.0
language: [en]
tags:
- structured-action-model
- json-generation
- text-to-json
- agentic-ai
- function-calling
- tool-use
- iot
- robotics
- workflow-automation
- sparse-transformer
- on-device
- edge-ai
pipeline_tag: text-generation
inference: false
library_name: pytorch
---

# SAM — Structured Action Model

**SAM** is a compact (33.4M params, ~127.4 MB FP32)
schema-conditioned model that turns natural language into structured JSON actions
across **10 domains**: robotics, HTTP/REST, MQTT/IoT, databases, workflows,
e-commerce, vehicles, smart home, calendar/email, and filesystem.

Built by **AMEFORGE** on the in-house **SparseMind** architecture.

> **SAM is the successor to [Foros](https://huggingface.co/AMEFORGE/foros-v5.3).**
> Where Foros specialized in robotics ROS-JSON, SAM generalizes the approach to
> the full agentic / workflow stack while preserving the SparseMind architecture.

---

## TL;DR

The cheap path to reliable JSON for agentic systems:

| | Today (LLM API)  | With SAM |
|---|---|---|
| **Output reliability** | broken JSON → retry loop | atomic-numeric tokenizer + schema-conditioned |
| **Latency** | 500–3000 ms | ~30–200 ms (CPU) |
| **Cost / 1M calls** | $$$$ | $0 (offline) |
| **Deployment** | API key, cloud, privacy concerns | runs on Jetson, Pi, laptop CPU |

---

## Benchmark

Evaluated on the **SAM Bench v1** — 200 prompts covering all 10 domains across
5 difficulty tiers (atomic / compound / noisy / long-chain / cross-domain).

*(Benchmark not yet run. After training, execute `python sam_benchmark.py` to populate this section.)*



> Benchmark is fully reproducible — see [`sam_benchmark.py`](./sam_benchmark.py)
> or the [`AMFORGE/sam-bench`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/AMEFORGE/sam-bench)
> dataset if published.

---

## Input format (schema-conditioned)

```
<SCHEMA>{...JSON Schema...}</SCHEMA> <DOMAIN_TAG> <TASK>natural language</TASK> =>
```

Output: a JSON array of operations conforming to the schema.

### Domain tags

`<ROS>` `<HTTP>` `<MQTT>` `<DB>` `<WORKFLOW>` `<ECOMMERCE>` `<VEHICLE>` `<HOME>` `<CAL>` `<FILE>`

### Examples

| Input | Output |
|---|---|
| `<ROS><TASK>move to x=0.5 y=-1.2 z=0.8</TASK> =>` | `[{"op":"move","x":0.5,"y":-1.2,"z":0.8}]` |
| `<HTTP><TASK>get user 42</TASK> =>` | `[{"op":"http_request","method":"GET","url":"/users/42"}]` |
| `<MQTT><TASK>publish temp 22 to home/livingroom/temp qos 1</TASK> =>` | `[{"op":"mqtt_publish","topic":"home/livingroom/temp","payload":{"value":22,"unit":"celsius"},"qos":1}]` |
| `<HOME><TASK>turn on bedroom light at 50% blue</TASK> =>` | `[{"op":"set_light","room":"bedroom","brightness":50,"color":"blue"}]` |

---

## Highlights

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Architecture | SparseMind (decoder-only) |
| Parameters | 33,400,324 (~33.4M) |
| Size (FP32) | ~127.4 MB (~31.9 MB INT8) |
| Context length | 1024 tokens |
| Tokenizer | [`AMEFORGE/sam_tokenizer`](https://huggingface.co/AMEFORGE/sam_tokenizer) (NexusBPE) |
| Precision | FP32 (INT8 quantization compatible) |
| Domains | 10 (robotics, HTTP, MQTT, DB, workflow, e-commerce, vehicle, home, calendar, file) |
| Deployment | CPU, GPU, edge (Jetson, Raspberry Pi) |

---

## Quick inference

Use the `sam_runtime.py` SDK for a clean inference path with optional
constrained decoding:

```python
from sam_runtime import SAM

sam = SAM.from_hub("AMFORGE/sam-v1")    # downloads weights + tokenizer

result = sam.generate(
    task="get user 42 from api.example.com",
    domain="HTTP",
    schema={"type": "array"},
    mode="guarded",                   # JSON-validated decoding
)

print(result["ops"])
# -> [{"op":"http_request","method":"GET","url":"https://api.example.com/users/42"}]
```

For OpenAI-compatible tool calling, drop-in replacement:

```python
result = sam.tool_call(
    tools=[{...openai-style tool spec...}],
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "get me user 42"}],
)
```

---

## Training

SAM was trained on a **large, deterministic multi-domain corpus** assembled
in-house at AMEFORGE. The corpus covers all 10 supported domains across
5 difficulty tiers (atomic / compound / noisy / long-chain / cross-domain),
with paraphrase variation, robustness augmentation, and schema conditioning.

Training was performed on a single GPU using a custom optimizer setup tailored
to the SparseMind architecture. Full training methodology and the dataset
construction pipeline are kept internal as part of AMEFORGE's IP.

---

## Limitations

- English-only. Multilingual extension is future work.
- Schema-conditioned: best results when a JSON Schema is provided in the prompt.
- Domain set is fixed at 10. New domains require fine-tuning or retraining.
- Numeric atomicity is guaranteed within the production-relevant ranges for
  each domain. Values outside those ranges fall back to subword encoding.
- Not a chat model — single-turn, structured action generation only.

---

## Citation

```bibtex
@misc{sam_2026,
  title  = {SAM: A Compact Schema-Conditioned Structured Action Model
            for Agentic AI},
  author = {AMEFORGE},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {Built on the SparseMind architecture.
            https://huggingface.co/AMFORGE/sam-v1}
}
```

---

Made by **AMEFORGE** — https://huggingface.co/AMEFORGE