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README.md

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+---
+license: mit
+language:
+- en
+tags:
+- zero-shot-image-classification
+- OpenCLIP
+- clip
+- biology
+- biodiversity
+- agronomy
+- CV
+- images
+- animals
+- species
+- taxonomy
+- rare species
+- endangered species
+- evolutionary biology
+- multimodal
+- knowledge-guided
+datasets:
+- ChihHsuan-Yang/Arboretum
+- EOL
+base_model:
+- openai/clip-vit-base-patch16
+- openai/clip-vit-large-patch14
+pipeline_tag: zero-shot-image-classification
+---
+
+
+# Model Card for ArborCLIP
+
+<!-- Banner links -->
+<div style="text-align:center;">
+  <a href="https://baskargroup.github.io/Arboretum/" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Project%20Page-Visit-blue" alt="Project Page" style="margin-right:10px;">
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://github.com/baskargroup/Arboretum" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-Visit-lightgrey" alt="GitHub" style="margin-right:10px;">
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://pypi.org/project/arbor-process/" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/PyPI-arbor--process%200.1.0-orange" alt="PyPI arbor-process 0.1.0">
+  </a>
+</div>
+
+
+ARBORCLIP is a new suite of vision-language foundation models for biodiversity. These CLIP-style foundation models were trained on [ARBORETUM-40M](https://baskargroup.github.io/Arboretum/), which is a large-scale dataset of 40 million images of 33K species of plants and animals. The models are evaluated on zero-shot image classification tasks.
+
+- **Model type:** Vision Transformer (ViT-B/16, ViT-L/14)
+- **License:** MIT
+- **Fine-tuned from model:** [OpenAI CLIP](https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip), [MetaCLIP](https://github.com/facebookresearch/MetaCLIP), [BioCLIP](https://github.com/Imageomics/BioCLIP)
+
+These models were developed for the benefit of the AI community as an open-source product. Thus, we request that any derivative products are also open-source.
+
+
+### Model Description
+
+ArborCLIP is based on OpenAI's [CLIP](https://openai.com/research/clip) model. 
+The models were trained on [ARBORETUM-40M](https://baskargroup.github.io/Arboretum/) for the following configurations: 
+
+- **ARBORCLIP-O:** Trained a ViT-B/16 backbone initialized from the [OpenCLIP's](https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip) checkpoint. The training was conducted for 40 epochs.
+- **ARBORCLIP-B:** Trained a ViT-B/16 backbone initialized from the [BioCLIP's](https://github.com/Imageomics/BioCLIP) checkpoint. The training was conducted for 8 epochs.
+- **ARBORCLIP-M:** Trained a ViT-L/14 backbone initialized from the [MetaCLIP's](https://github.com/facebookresearch/MetaCLIP) checkpoint. The training was conducted for 12 epochs.
+
+
+To access the checkpoints of the above models, go to the `Files and versions` tab and download the weights. These weights can be directly used for zero-shot classification and finetuning. The filenames correspond to the specific model weights - 
+- **ARBORCLIP-O:** - `arborclip-vit-b-16-from-openai-epoch-40.pt`,
+- **ARBORCLIP-B:** - `arborclip-vit-b-16-from-bioclip-epoch-8.pt`
+- **ARBORCLIP-M** - `arborclip-vit-l-14-from-metaclip-epoch-12.pt`
+
+### Model Training
+**See the [Model Training](https://github.com/baskargroup/Arboretum?tab=readme-ov-file#model-training) section on the [Github](https://github.com/baskargroup/Arboretum) for examples of how to use ArborCLIP models in zero-shot  image classification tasks.**
+
+We train three models using a modified version of the [BioCLIP / OpenCLIP](https://github.com/Imageomics/bioclip/tree/main/src/training) codebase. Each model is trained on Arboretum-40M, on 2 nodes, 8xH100 GPUs, on NYU's [Greene](https://sites.google.com/nyu.edu/nyu-hpc/hpc-systems/greene) high-performance compute cluster. We publicly release all code needed to reproduce our results on the [Github](https://github.com/baskargroup/Arboretum) page.
+
+We optimize our hyperparameters prior to training with [Ray](https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/index.html). Our standard training parameters are as follows:
+
+```
+--dataset-type webdataset 
+--pretrained openai 
+--text_type random 
+--dataset-resampled 
+--warmup 5000 
+--batch-size 4096 
+--accum-freq 1 
+--epochs 40
+--workers 8 
+--model ViT-B-16 
+--lr 0.0005 
+--wd 0.0004 
+--precision bf16 
+--beta1 0.98 
+--beta2 0.99 
+--eps 1.0e-6 
+--local-loss 
+--gather-with-grad 
+--ddp-static-graph 
+--grad-checkpointing
+```
+
+For more extensive documentation of the training process and the significance of each hyperparameter, we recommend referencing the [OpenCLIP](https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip) and [BioCLIP](https://github.com/Imageomics/BioCLIP) documentation, respectively.
+
+### Model Validation
+
+For validating the zero-shot accuracy of our trained models and comparing to other benchmarks, we use the [VLHub](https://github.com/penfever/vlhub) repository with some slight modifications.
+
+#### Pre-Run
+
+After cloning the [Github](https://github.com/baskargroup/Arboretum) repository and navigating to the `Arboretum/model_validation` directory, we recommend installing all the project requirements into a conda container; `pip install -r requirements.txt`. Also, before executing a command in VLHub, please add `Arboretum/model_validation/src` to your PYTHONPATH.
+
+```bash
+export PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:$PWD/src";
+```
+
+#### Base Command
+
+A basic Arboretum model evaluation command can be launched as follows. This example would evaluate a CLIP-ResNet50 checkpoint whose weights resided at the path designated via the `--resume` flag on the ImageNet validation set, and would report the results to Weights and Biases.
+
+```bash
+python src/training/main.py --batch-size=32 --workers=8 --imagenet-val "/imagenet/val/" --model="resnet50" --zeroshot-frequency=1 --image-size=224 --resume "/PATH/TO/WEIGHTS.pth" --report-to wandb
+```
+
+### Training Dataset
+- **Dataset Repository:** [Arboretum](https://github.com/baskargroup/Arboretum)
+- **Dataset Paper:** Arboretum: A Large Multimodal Dataset Enabling AI for Biodiversity ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.17720))
+- **HF Dataset card:** [Arboretum](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ChihHsuan-Yang/Arboretum)
+
+
+### Model's Limitation
+All the `ArborCLIP` models were evaluated on the challenging [CONFOUNDING-SPECIES](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.02507) benchmark. However, all the models performed at or below random chance. This could be an interesting avenue for follow-up work and further expand the models capabilities.
+
+In general, we found that models trained on web-scraped data performed better with common
+names, whereas models trained on specialist datasets performed better when using scientific names.
+Additionally, models trained on web-scraped data excel at classifying at the highest taxonomic
+level (kingdom), while models begin to benefit from specialist datasets like [ARBORETUM-40M](https://baskargroup.github.io/Arboretum/) and
+[Tree-of-Life-10M](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/TreeOfLife-10M) at the lower taxonomic levels (order and species). From a practical standpoint, `ArborCLIP` is highly accurate at the species level, and higher-level taxa can be deterministically derived from lower ones.
+
+Addressing these limitations will further enhance the applicability of models like `ArborCLIP` in real-world biodiversity monitoring tasks.
+
+### Acknowledgements
+This work was supported by the AI Research Institutes program supported by the NSF and USDA-NIFA under [AI Institute: for Resilient Agriculture](https://aiira.iastate.edu/), Award No. 2021-67021-35329. This was also
+partly supported by the NSF under CPS Frontier grant CNS-1954556. Also, we gratefully
+acknowledge the support of NYU IT [High Performance Computing](https://www.nyu.edu/life/information-technology/research-computing-services/high-performance-computing.html) resources, services, and staff
+expertise.
+
+<!--BibTex citation -->
+<section class="section" id="BibTeX">
+  <div class="container is-max-widescreen content">
+      <h2 class="title">Citation</h2>
+      If you find the models and datasets useful in your research, please consider citing our paper:
+      <pre><code>@misc{yang2024arboretumlargemultimodaldataset,
+        title={Arboretum: A Large Multimodal Dataset Enabling AI for Biodiversity}, 
+        author={Chih-Hsuan Yang, Benjamin Feuer, Zaki Jubery, Zi K. Deng, Andre Nakkab,
+           Md Zahid Hasan, Shivani Chiranjeevi, Kelly Marshall, Nirmal Baishnab, Asheesh K Singh,
+            Arti Singh, Soumik Sarkar, Nirav Merchant, Chinmay Hegde, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian},
+        year={2024},
+        eprint={2406.17720},
+        archivePrefix={arXiv},
+        primaryClass={cs.CV},
+        url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.17720}, 
+  }</code></pre>
+  </div>
+</section>
+<!--End BibTex citation -->
+
+---
+
+For more details and access to the Arboretum dataset, please visit the [Project Page](https://baskargroup.github.io/Arboretum/).

open_clip_config.json

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+{
+    "model_cfg": {
+      "embed_dim": 512,
+      "vision_cfg": {
+        "image_size": 224,
+        "layers": 12,
+        "width": 768,
+        "patch_size": 16
+      },
+      "text_cfg": {
+        "context_length": 77,
+        "vocab_size": 49408,
+        "width": 512,
+        "heads": 8,
+        "layers": 12
+      }
+    },
+    "preprocess_cfg": {
+      "mean": [
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+        0.4578275,
+        0.40821073
+      ],
+      "std": [
+        0.26862954,
+        0.26130258,
+        0.27577711
+      ]
+    }
+  }

open_clip_pytorch_model.bin

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special_tokens_map.json

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+{
+    "bos_token": {
+        "content": "<|startoftext|>",
+        "lstrip": false,
+        "normalized": true,
+        "rstrip": false,
+        "single_word": false
+    },
+    "eos_token": {
+        "content": "<|endoftext|>",
+        "lstrip": false,
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+        "single_word": false
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+    "unk_token": {
+        "content": "<|endoftext|>",
+        "lstrip": false,
+        "normalized": true,
+        "rstrip": false,
+        "single_word": false
+    }
+}

tokenizer_config.json

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+{
+    "add_prefix_space": false,
+    "bos_token": {
+      "__type": "AddedToken",
+      "content": "<|startoftext|>",
+      "lstrip": false,
+      "normalized": true,
+      "rstrip": false,
+      "single_word": false
+    },
+    "do_lower_case": true,
+    "eos_token": {
+      "__type": "AddedToken",
+      "content": "<|endoftext|>",
+      "lstrip": false,
+      "normalized": true,
+      "rstrip": false,
+      "single_word": false
+    },
+    "errors": "replace",
+    "model_max_length": 77,
+    "pad_token": "<|endoftext|>",
+    "special_tokens_map_file": "./special_tokens_map.json",
+    "tokenizer_class": "CLIPTokenizer",
+    "unk_token": {
+      "__type": "AddedToken",
+      "content": "<|endoftext|>",
+      "lstrip": false,
+      "normalized": true,
+      "rstrip": false,
+      "single_word": false
+    }
+  }