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---
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- dense
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:122856
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
base_model: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
widget:
- source_sentence: '"To update your preferences, ask us to remove your information
    from our marketing mailing lists or submit a request, please contact us as outlined
    in the How To Contact Us Section below."'
  sentences:
  - You can opt out of promotional communications
  - IP addresses of website visitors are not tracked
  - If you are the target of a copyright holder's take down notice, this service gives
    you the opportunity to defend yourself
- source_sentence: To ensure that disputes are dealt with soon after they arise, you
    agree that regardless of any statute or law to the contrary, any claim or cause
    of action you might have arising out of or related to use of our services or these
    Terms of Use must be filed within the applicable statute of limitations or, if
    earlier, one (1) year after the pertinent facts underlying such claim or cause
    of action could have been discovered with reasonable diligence (or be forever
    barred).
  sentences:
  - This service gives your personal data to third parties involved in its operation
  - The service claims to be CCPA compliant for California users
  - You have a reduced time period to take legal action against the service
- source_sentence: 'The privacy policy states: "To be able to offer our products and
    services for free, we serve third-party ads of advertising companies in our products
    for mobile devices. To enable the ad, we embed a software development kit (“SDK”)
    provided by an advertising company into the product, which then collects Personal
    Data in order to personalize ads for you."'
  sentences:
  - You are tracked via web beacons, tracking pixels, browser fingerprinting, and/or
    device fingerprinting
  - Your personal data may be used for marketing purposes
  - You are tracked via web beacons, tracking pixels, browser fingerprinting, and/or
    device fingerprinting
- source_sentence: The organization cannot be held responsible for the consequences
    of negligence by the user, notably of failure by the user to secure their password.
  sentences:
  - Your content can be licensed to third parties
  - Spidering, crawling, or accessing the site through any automated means is not
    allowed
  - You are responsible for maintaining the security of your account and for the activities
    on your account
- source_sentence: The Services may contain links or connections to third party websites
    or services that are not owned or controlled by Guilded. When you access third
    party websites or use third party services, you accept that there are risks in
    doing so, and that Guilded is not responsible for such risks.
  sentences:
  - This service assumes no responsibility and liability for the contents of links
    to other websites
  - Copyright license limited for the purposes of that same service but transferable
    and sublicenseable
  - Your content can be deleted if you violate the terms
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
  results:
  - task:
      type: triplet
      name: Triplet
    dataset:
      name: all nli dev
      type: all-nli-dev
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy
      value: 0.9993162751197815
      name: Cosine Accuracy
---

# SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2) <!-- at revision c9745ed1d9f207416be6d2e6f8de32d1f16199bf -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 256 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 384 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False, 'architecture': 'BertModel'})
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("AryehRotberg/ToS-Sentence-Transformers-V4")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'The Services may contain links or connections to third party websites or services that are not owned or controlled by Guilded. When you access third party websites or use third party services, you accept that there are risks in doing so, and that Guilded is not responsible for such risks.',
    'This service assumes no responsibility and liability for the contents of links to other websites',
    'Copyright license limited for the purposes of that same service but transferable and sublicenseable',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[ 1.0000,  0.6397, -0.0500],
#         [ 0.6397,  1.0000,  0.0874],
#         [-0.0500,  0.0874,  1.0000]])
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use

*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
-->

## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Triplet

* Dataset: `all-nli-dev`
* Evaluated with [<code>TripletEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.TripletEvaluator)

| Metric              | Value      |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| **cosine_accuracy** | **0.9993** |

<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations

*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
-->

<!--
### Recommendations

*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->

## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset

* Size: 122,856 training samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | anchor                                                                             | positive                                                                          | negative                                                                          |
  |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                             | string                                                                            | string                                                                            |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 48.49 tokens</li><li>max: 256 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 15.21 tokens</li><li>max: 29 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 14.34 tokens</li><li>max: 29 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | anchor                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | positive                                                                                                                         | negative                                                                      |
  |:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>If you ever decide to stop using Snapchat, you can just ask us to delete your account.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | <code>You have the right to leave this service at any time</code>                                                                | <code>Your personal information is used for many different purposes</code>    |
  | <code>you forever waive and agree not to claim or assert any entitlement to any and all moral rights of an author in any of the User Content.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | <code>You waive your moral rights</code>                                                                                         | <code>You aren’t allowed to remove or edit user-generated content</code>      |
  | <code>You agree and shall indemnify and hold Dailymotion- harmless from and against any liability, loss, damages (including punitive damages), claim, settlement payment, cost and expense, interest, award, judgment, diminution in value, fine, fee (including reasonable attorneys’ fees), and penalty, or other charge (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and all other cost of investigating, defending or asserting any claim for indemnification under these Terms) arising from or relating to (i) Your Content, (ii) Your violation of the Terms or any other policy of Dailymotion. (iii) Your use of the Dailymotion Service. and (iv) Your violation of any third party rights, including without limitation any copyright, property, publicity or privacy rights.</code> | <code>You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold the service harmless in case of a claim related to your use of the service</code> | <code>User-generated content can be blocked or censored for any reason</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim",
      "gather_across_devices": false
  }
  ```

### Evaluation Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset

* Size: 30,714 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | anchor                                                                             | positive                                                                          | negative                                                                          |
  |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                             | string                                                                            | string                                                                            |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 49.34 tokens</li><li>max: 256 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 15.13 tokens</li><li>max: 29 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 14.28 tokens</li><li>max: 29 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | anchor                                                                                                                                                                                        | positive                                                                      | negative                                                                                                              |
  |:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>YOU AGREE THAT USE OF THE WEB SITE AND THE SERVICES IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK.</code>                                                                                                        | <code>The service is provided 'as is' and to be used at your sole risk</code> | <code>The court of law governing the terms is in a jurisdiction that is friendlier to user privacy protection.</code> |
  | <code>If you continue to use our services after the changes have taken effect, it means that you agree to the changes.</code>                                                                 | <code>Terms may be changed at any time</code>                                 | <code>The service is only available in some countries approved by its government</code>                               |
  | <code>We may revise these Terms of Use or any of the other Terms from time to time. You are ,expected to check this page and our Terms from time to time to take notice of any changes</code> | <code>Terms may be changed at any time</code>                                 | <code>Voice data is collected and shared with third-parties</code>                                                    |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim",
      "gather_across_devices": false
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `fp16`: True
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `parallelism_config`: None
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `project`: huggingface
- `trackio_space_id`: trackio
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `hub_revision`: None
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: no
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `liger_kernel_config`: None
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: True
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
- `router_mapping`: {}
- `learning_rate_mapping`: {}

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch  | Step | Training Loss | Validation Loss | all-nli-dev_cosine_accuracy |
|:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:---------------:|:---------------------------:|
| -1     | -1   | -             | -               | 0.9426                      |
| 0.0130 | 100  | 1.4227        | 1.1709          | 0.9595                      |
| 0.0260 | 200  | 1.1178        | 0.9104          | 0.9727                      |
| 0.0391 | 300  | 0.9473        | 0.7546          | 0.9799                      |
| 0.0521 | 400  | 0.7559        | 0.6471          | 0.9853                      |
| 0.0651 | 500  | 0.6617        | 0.5684          | 0.9880                      |
| 0.0781 | 600  | 0.5857        | 0.5047          | 0.9899                      |
| 0.0912 | 700  | 0.5768        | 0.4578          | 0.9910                      |
| 0.1042 | 800  | 0.493         | 0.4281          | 0.9921                      |
| 0.1172 | 900  | 0.4877        | 0.3899          | 0.9931                      |
| 0.1302 | 1000 | 0.4315        | 0.3593          | 0.9939                      |
| 0.1432 | 1100 | 0.3894        | 0.3458          | 0.9940                      |
| 0.1563 | 1200 | 0.3681        | 0.3215          | 0.9945                      |
| 0.1693 | 1300 | 0.3533        | 0.3151          | 0.9951                      |
| 0.1823 | 1400 | 0.3242        | 0.3093          | 0.9949                      |
| 0.1953 | 1500 | 0.346         | 0.2820          | 0.9955                      |
| 0.2084 | 1600 | 0.3212        | 0.2637          | 0.9960                      |
| 0.2214 | 1700 | 0.2889        | 0.2601          | 0.9960                      |
| 0.2344 | 1800 | 0.2855        | 0.2423          | 0.9960                      |
| 0.2474 | 1900 | 0.2621        | 0.2396          | 0.9964                      |
| 0.2605 | 2000 | 0.265         | 0.2299          | 0.9968                      |
| 0.2735 | 2100 | 0.2401        | 0.2191          | 0.9969                      |
| 0.2865 | 2200 | 0.254         | 0.2166          | 0.9966                      |
| 0.2995 | 2300 | 0.2543        | 0.2036          | 0.9971                      |
| 0.3125 | 2400 | 0.2667        | 0.1958          | 0.9973                      |
| 0.3256 | 2500 | 0.2236        | 0.1937          | 0.9972                      |
| 0.3386 | 2600 | 0.232         | 0.1875          | 0.9974                      |
| 0.3516 | 2700 | 0.2021        | 0.1806          | 0.9977                      |
| 0.3646 | 2800 | 0.2147        | 0.1787          | 0.9974                      |
| 0.3777 | 2900 | 0.1929        | 0.1727          | 0.9975                      |
| 0.3907 | 3000 | 0.1778        | 0.1721          | 0.9977                      |
| 0.4037 | 3100 | 0.2031        | 0.1678          | 0.9974                      |
| 0.4167 | 3200 | 0.1784        | 0.1645          | 0.9978                      |
| 0.4297 | 3300 | 0.183         | 0.1593          | 0.9977                      |
| 0.4428 | 3400 | 0.1878        | 0.1508          | 0.9979                      |
| 0.4558 | 3500 | 0.1915        | 0.1478          | 0.9980                      |
| 0.4688 | 3600 | 0.1611        | 0.1448          | 0.9983                      |
| 0.4818 | 3700 | 0.1606        | 0.1385          | 0.9983                      |
| 0.4949 | 3800 | 0.1604        | 0.1408          | 0.9984                      |
| 0.5079 | 3900 | 0.1733        | 0.1327          | 0.9983                      |
| 0.5209 | 4000 | 0.159         | 0.1277          | 0.9986                      |
| 0.5339 | 4100 | 0.1554        | 0.1255          | 0.9987                      |
| 0.5469 | 4200 | 0.1546        | 0.1225          | 0.9985                      |
| 0.5600 | 4300 | 0.1536        | 0.1222          | 0.9984                      |
| 0.5730 | 4400 | 0.1253        | 0.1174          | 0.9987                      |
| 0.5860 | 4500 | 0.151         | 0.1137          | 0.9986                      |
| 0.5990 | 4600 | 0.1293        | 0.1116          | 0.9988                      |
| 0.6121 | 4700 | 0.1272        | 0.1093          | 0.9986                      |
| 0.6251 | 4800 | 0.1326        | 0.1074          | 0.9985                      |
| 0.6381 | 4900 | 0.135         | 0.1044          | 0.9987                      |
| 0.6511 | 5000 | 0.1253        | 0.1013          | 0.9989                      |
| 0.6641 | 5100 | 0.1466        | 0.0995          | 0.9989                      |
| 0.6772 | 5200 | 0.1378        | 0.0993          | 0.9991                      |
| 0.6902 | 5300 | 0.1245        | 0.0959          | 0.9989                      |
| 0.7032 | 5400 | 0.1124        | 0.0946          | 0.9989                      |
| 0.7162 | 5500 | 0.0937        | 0.0926          | 0.9988                      |
| 0.7293 | 5600 | 0.1378        | 0.0907          | 0.9990                      |
| 0.7423 | 5700 | 0.1234        | 0.0889          | 0.9991                      |
| 0.7553 | 5800 | 0.1153        | 0.0876          | 0.9991                      |
| 0.7683 | 5900 | 0.1172        | 0.0865          | 0.9990                      |
| 0.7814 | 6000 | 0.1135        | 0.0855          | 0.9992                      |
| 0.7944 | 6100 | 0.1178        | 0.0834          | 0.9991                      |
| 0.8074 | 6200 | 0.1195        | 0.0812          | 0.9991                      |
| 0.8204 | 6300 | 0.1068        | 0.0795          | 0.9991                      |
| 0.8334 | 6400 | 0.0824        | 0.0791          | 0.9992                      |
| 0.8465 | 6500 | 0.1173        | 0.0768          | 0.9992                      |
| 0.8595 | 6600 | 0.1166        | 0.0757          | 0.9992                      |
| 0.8725 | 6700 | 0.1119        | 0.0755          | 0.9992                      |
| 0.8855 | 6800 | 0.1017        | 0.0750          | 0.9993                      |
| 0.8986 | 6900 | 0.1148        | 0.0745          | 0.9993                      |
| 0.9116 | 7000 | 0.0976        | 0.0736          | 0.9993                      |
| 0.9246 | 7100 | 0.0973        | 0.0728          | 0.9993                      |
| 0.9376 | 7200 | 0.0984        | 0.0726          | 0.9993                      |
| 0.9506 | 7300 | 0.0943        | 0.0723          | 0.9993                      |
| 0.9637 | 7400 | 0.0825        | 0.0719          | 0.9993                      |
| 0.9767 | 7500 | 0.0961        | 0.0716          | 0.9993                      |
| 0.9897 | 7600 | 0.0893        | 0.0715          | 0.9993                      |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.12.11
- Sentence Transformers: 5.1.1
- Transformers: 4.57.0
- PyTorch: 2.8.0+cu126
- Accelerate: 1.10.1
- Datasets: 4.0.0
- Tokenizers: 0.22.1

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

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