| Model | Params | hellaswag | arc_easy | arc_challenge | piqa | winogrande | openbookqa | sciq | boolq | lambada_openai | mmlu | Avg | Δ chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CubicHierLM-157M (base format) | 157M | 30.1 | 39.1 | 25.3 | 57.8 | 50.8 | 25.2 | 70.4 | 61.8 | 20.1 | 27.1 | 40.8 | +10.8 |
| CubicHierLM-157M (chat, direct prompt) | 157M | 29.7 | 36.6 | 24.1 | 57.1 | 49.1 | 29.2 | 66.5 | 43.7 | 0.7 | 25.7 | 36.2 | +6.2 |
| CubicHierLM-157M (chat, reasoning prompt) | 157M | 30.1 | 35.7 | 24.0 | 57.1 | 50.8 | 28.8 | 65.9 | 42.2 | 1.1 | 26.3 | 36.2 | +6.2 |
| HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-135M | 135M | 43.9 | 59.9 | 29.2 | 68.2 | 53.3 | 32.4 | 79.9 | 61.1 | 41.1 | 23.1 | 49.2 | +19.2 |
| EleutherAI/pythia-160m | 162M | 29.0 | 37.7 | 24.7 | 58.7 | 50.7 | 25.2 | 63.6 | 43.9 | 10.9 | 24.1 | 36.9 | +6.9 |
| facebook/opt-125m | 125M | 30.3 | 40.9 | 22.7 | 61.8 | 50.4 | 27.4 | 68.9 | 55.8 | 38.1 | 24.2 | 42.1 | +12.1 |
| _random chance_ | — | 25.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 25.0 | — | +0.0 |