On 29 August 2015, KK appeared in season two of the television singing-reality show Indian Idol Junior as a judge and guest jury member. On 13 September of that year, he appeared on the Sony Mix show Baaton Baaton Mein. In a 2019 Hindustan Times interview, KK said that he was active in the music industry with live performances and playback singing. Live performances made him happy; he did not want to abandon his "commitment to the audience", and wanted to release a new album after the 2008 success of his second album.

KK (singer)


KK married his childhood friend Jyothy Krishna in 1991. His son, Nakul Krishna Kunnath, sang "Masti" (from his album, Humsafar) with him. KK also has a daughter, named Taamara Krishna Kunnath.

KK (singer)


Vocals and musical style

KK (singer)


KK had no formal musical training. According to film director Mahesh Bhatt, "KK had an emotional bandwidth which echoed all the seasons of the heart. He could be frivolous, romantic and anguished. He could go into the depths, talk about the wonder and magic of life."

KK (singer)


KK believed that it was unimportant for a singer's face to be seen, but "a singer must be heard". In a 2019 interview, he said that he felt comfortable with a microphone but awkward in front of a camera. KK valued and "fiercely" protected his privacy. He did not want his singing to be associated with a particular actor and preferred singing for a number of actors.

KK (singer)


He is widely regarded as a highly versatile singer. Elaborating on his singing style, Ilina Acharya of Film Companion noted: "KK's smooth, honey-textured voice flowed like water. It could project any tone and tenor. He could mould his pitch to reach and resonate with the ups and downs of the human experience."

KK (singer)


KK has often termed legendary singer Kishore Kumar as his inspiration. On not taking any formal training, KK stated his idol as one of the reason and added, "From the beginning, I was able to learn a song by just hearing it, it is something that I’ve been blessed with. I later learned that Kishoreda had never learned music, so I had even more reasons to not go to a music class." Sneha Bengani from CNBC TV18 compared him to his inspiration and noted, "Much like Kumar’s, KK’s songs are standalone entities too, larger than the films or the albums they belong to."

KK (singer)


Impact and recognition

KK (singer)


KK is described in the media as one of the most popular and versatile singers of Indian cinema. S. R. Praveen termed him a "rare Malayali singer" who made it big in Bollywood. India TV placed him in its "Top 10 Bollywood Singers" of all time list. KK was placed 30th in Google's "Top 100 Most Searched Asians" list of 2022. A total of nine songs of KK were placed in BBC's "Top 40 Bollywood Soundtracks of all time" list.

KK (singer)


KK's work has received praises from several artists. Arijit Singh considered KK as his favourite singer and mentor. In 2023, Singh gave a tribute to him and sang his song "Dil Ibadat" in one of his concert. Calling him a "path-breaking singer", Abhijeet Bhattacharya added, "KK was a trendsetting singer, which still continues. He was the last playback singer we had… those who came after him, I don’t count them as playback singers. His songs were written for the screen and heroes." Anupam Roy called KK his idol and added that he was a "livewire performer", who drew his energy from the crowd. Shaan praised KK's work ethics and added, "We had some of our best times while recording songs together or while performing on stage. KK was very disciplined. He’d be on time and his preparation – for a song recording or stage show – was always on point. We did some great duets together." Sunidhi Chauhan called him her favourite and added, "I used to go insane with KK on stage and I will never forget the few shows we have done together. I am personally a fan of KK, so much so that I would love to be a little bit of KK."

KK (singer)


Several other artists such as A. R. Rahman, Richa Sharma, Amit Mishra, Usha Uthup, Shreya Ghosal, Sonu Nigam, Vishal Dadlani and Mohit Chauhan have often praised his musical abilities and songs. Many actors have also termed KK their favourite. Pankaj Tripathi stated, "I have been a huge fan of KK, he is one of my favourite singers. The song that he sang is a very soulful and wonderful track." KK sang several songs for Emraan Hashmi who said, "A voice and talent like no other… They don't make them like him anymore. Working on the songs KK sang was always that much more special."

KK (singer)


On 31 May 2022, KK performed a concert at a college festival at Nazrul Mancha in South Kolkata. After the concert, he returned to his hotel in Esplanade. He complained of feeling unwell on the way back to his hotel, where he experienced cardiac arrest. He collapsed, and efforts to revive him at the hotel were unsuccessful. KK was rushed to Calcutta Medical Research Institute (CMRI) at about 10:30 pm, where he was declared dead. He was 53 years old.

KK (singer)


On 1 June 2022, Kolkata Police registered a case of unnatural death to investigate KK's death. His autopsy was videographed; the report cited myocardial infarction (heart attack) as the probable cause of death, ruling out foul play. According to the doctor who conducted the autopsy, KK could have survived if he had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately after losing consciousness. He had complained to his wife about pain in his shoulder and arm for several days before his death, thinking it was caused by digestive problems. According to the autopsy report, KK's heart had an 80-percent blockage.  Three public interest litigations (PILs) related to the singer's death were registered in the Calcutta High Court.

KK (singer)


KK was given a gun salute by the West Bengal government at Rabindra Sadan in Kolkata. West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee was present for the salute; film- and music-industry figures and politicians, including Prime Minister Narendra Modi, offered their condolences. KK's remains were brought to Mumbai, and his funeral was held at the Versova Hindu Cemetery on the following day (2 June). It was attended by family members, friends and colleagues.

KK (singer)


In a Hindustan Times interview, KK was asked if he was bothered by being nominated for a number of awards but seldom winning. He said no: "As a singer, I haven't felt any lesser by not getting an award. Winning or not winning an award doesn't affect me. I just like to do my work in the best possible manner. I am happy getting good songs. I am happy not getting awards."

KK (singer)


Reporting KK's death, Deccan Herald called him the "voice of love". According to The Times of India, he was Bollywood's most versatile singer. An article in The Hindu said, "Till the end, he remained a rage in the concert circuit and will be remembered as the singer who became the voice of the heart".

KK (singer)


In 2023, a statue of KK was installed at Gurudas Mahavidyalaya in Kolkata, the same place where he performed his last concert. Several singers like Arijit Singh, Shaan, Sunidhi Chauhan, Sonu Nigam, Shilpa Rao and others have given a tribute to KK, by singing his songs during their concerts.

KK (singer)


On 25 October 2024, Google honoured him with a Google Doodle to celebrate the anniversary of his debut as a playback singer in 1996 when he sang Chhod Aaye Hum in the film Maachis.

KK (singer)


In 2025, Shruti Music School UK released "Humein Asha Hai", recorded by KK in 2008, via Musecoinx, a blockchain platform.

KK (singer)


KK discography at Discogs

KK (singer)


Tarun Majumdar (or Mazumdar, 8 January 1931 – 4 July 2022) was an Indian film director, documentary filmmaker, author, illustrator, and screenwriter known for his work in Bengali cinema. He received five National Film Awards, seven BFJA Awards, five Filmfare Awards, and one Anandalok Award. In 1990, the Government of India awarded him the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian award in the country. The National Film Archive of India has restored and digitized several of his works, including Nimantran (1971),  for which he received a National Award, a BFJA Award and a Filmfare Award. Ganadevata (1978) earned him a National Award and a Filmfare Award.

Tarun Majumdar


His commercially successful films include Balika Badhu (1967), Kuheli (1971), Shriman Prithviraj (1973), Fuleswari (1974), Dadar Kirti (1980), Bhalobasa Bhalobasa (1985), and Apan Amar Apan (1990).

Tarun Majumdar


Majumdar was born on 8 January 1931 in Bogra, which was then part of the Bengal Presidency of British India. His father Birendranath Majumdar was a freedom fighter from Munsirhat. He studied intermediate from St. Paul's Cathedral Mission College and had his graduation at Scottish Church College, both affiliated to the University of Calcutta.

Tarun Majumdar


Majumdar started his career as a poster illustrator and film technician. His early films were credited to Yatrik (phonetically Jatrik in Bengali), the screen name of the trio of directors Tarun Majumdar, Sachin Mukherji, and Dilip Mukherji until 1963, after which each began to be credited separately. As Yatrik, their first venture was Chaowa Paowa (1959) starring Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen. Yatrik made Kancher Swarga (1962) featuring Dilip Mukherjee as the lead.

Tarun Majumdar


In 1965, Majumdar made two films — Ektuku Basa with Soumitra Chatterjee and Alor Pipasa with Basanta Choudhury. Both films featured Sandhya Roy as the female protagonist. In 1967, he directed Balika Badhu, an adaptation of a Bengali story written by Bimal Kar, in which a teenage Moushumi Chatterjee made her debut. Majumdar later remade the film Hindi in 1976. He also directed Shriman Prithviraj (1973).

Tarun Majumdar


In 1974, Majumdar directed Fuleswari, starring Sandhya Roy as the titular character. Prominent Bengali artists like Hemanta Mukherjee, Manna Dey, Sandhya Mukherjee, Aarti Mukherjee and Anup Ghoshal provided vocals for the film's songs. Years later, Majumdar acknowledged Fuleswari as his favorite film. In 1975, he directed Sansar Simante, based on a screenplay by Rajen Tarafdar, which was itself adapted from a short story by Premendra Mitra. In 1979, Majumdar's film Ganadevata became the first Bengali film to win the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment. The film was based on the novel of the same name, written by Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay.

Tarun Majumdar


Mahua Roychoudhury was cast as the female lead in Dadar Kirti (1980), a film based on a short story by Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay. The film marked the debut of Tapas Paul, who starred as the protagonist Kedar who falls in love with Saraswati, portrayed by Mahua Roychoudhury. The film won Roychoudhury Filmfare Awards East in 1981.

Tarun Majumdar


Majumdar went on to cast Sandhya Roy in four consecutive films — Shahar Theke Dure (1981), Meghmukti (1982), Khelar Putul (1982) and Amar Geeti (1984). These two films had lower box office returns compared to his previous works, leading to contemporary media discussion regarding Roy's commercial impact at the time. He then cast Tapas Paul and Debashree Roy in the romantic drama Bhalobasa Bhalobasa (1985), which achieved box office success. Majumdar cast Paul in another three films, Agaman (1988), Parashmoni (1988) and Apan Amar Apan (1990) alongside Prosenjit Chatterjee and Satabdi Roy, which again achieved box office success.

Tarun Majumdar


In 2003, he returned to directing with Alo, a film based on a story written by Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay. Rituparna Sengupta played the titular role. Consistent with Majumdar's established style, the soundtrack incorporated Rabindra Sangeet.

Tarun Majumdar


In 2006, he directed Bhalobasar Onek Naam, casting Uttam Kumar's grandson Gourab Chatterjee, Hemanta Mukherjee's granddaughter, and Moushumi Chatterjee's daughter Megha as lead actors.

Tarun Majumdar


In 2007, he made another feature film, Chander Bari. Rituparna Sengupta again was the main lead. Playback singer Babul Supriyo made his debut in this film opposite Rituparna. The songs featured were again composed by Rabindranath Tagore.

Tarun Majumdar


His last full-length feature film, Bhalobashar Bari was released in 2018. Rituparna Sengupta again played the protagonist in the film.

Tarun Majumdar


Majumdar's films frequently adapted classical literature and followed a narrative-driven structure, a style that differed from the experimental approaches of some of his contemporaries. He stated in interviews that a film's commercial performance served as an indicator of its quality.

Tarun Majumdar


Majumdar was married to actress Sandhya Roy. While the couple later lived separately, they remained legally married until his death.

Tarun Majumdar


On 4 July 2022, at the age of 91, Majumdar died from a heart attack at a hospital in Kolkata. He suffered from a chest infection, and kidney and heart ailments prior to his death.

Tarun Majumdar


Majumdar donated his body for promotion of medical education to the Anatomy Department of IPGMER and SSKM Hospital in Kolkata.

Tarun Majumdar


Cinemapara Diye Part 1 & 2.

Tarun Majumdar


Shapla Shaluker Dinguli

Tarun Majumdar


Nimantran has been restored and digitized by the National Film Archive of India. Tarun Majumdar was the recipient of the prestigious Padma Shri Award in 1990. He won the Lifetime Achievement honor at the West Bengal Film Journalist Association Awards in 2017.

Tarun Majumdar


West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee expressed grief over the death of Tarun Majumdar.

Tarun Majumdar


Shiboprosad Mukherjee

Tarun Majumdar


Tarun Majumdar at IMDb

Tarun Majumdar


Tarun Majumdar at BookMyShow

Tarun Majumdar


RockPaperScissors is a 2006 album by Canadian electronic musician Michael Brook.

RockPaperScissors


"When not recording in his Lavanderia studio located in the Hollywood Hills, Michael and his co-producer, multi-instrumentalist and arranger Rich Evans (of Peter Gabriel's band) traveled to Sofia, Bulgaria on behalf of this ambitious project, where they recorded local orchestral and choral ensembles. Into this mix, Brook introduced several vocalist/songwriters such as his former 4AD label mate Lisa Germano, Shira Myrow and Paul Buchanan from the Blue Nile". [1]

RockPaperScissors


YouTube music critic, Darren Lock, gave it a score of 3.5/5, noting that the album might've been too long with the addition of the two "Pasadena" tracks.

RockPaperScissors


"Strange Procession" – 4:56

RockPaperScissors


"Want" featuring Lisa Germano – 3:53

RockPaperScissors


"Darker Room" featuring Sir Richard Burton – 6:05

RockPaperScissors


"Rock Paper Scissors" featuring Paul Buchanan – 3:54

RockPaperScissors


"Pond" featuring Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan – 4:18

RockPaperScissors


"Pasadena, Part 1" featuring Ben Christophers – 3:14

RockPaperScissors


"Pasadena, Part 2" – 11:08

RockPaperScissors


Michael Brook: guitar, programming

RockPaperScissors


Paul Buchanan: vocals

RockPaperScissors


Bulgarian Studio Orchestra, Conductor in Bulgaria: Ognian Mitonov

RockPaperScissors


Richard Evans: string arrangement

RockPaperScissors


Shira Myrow: backing vocals

RockPaperScissors


Writing and production

RockPaperScissors


Shira Myrow (Shira Myrow Music/ASCAP)

RockPaperScissors


Michael Brook (Canadian Rational/ASCAP)

RockPaperScissors


Produced by Michael Brook and Richard Evans

RockPaperScissors


Executive Producer/A&R: Hugo Vereker

RockPaperScissors


Recorded by Richard Evans, Michael Brook and Craig Conard. Additional engineering by David Donaldson

RockPaperScissors


The Droid Razr M (Motorola XT905/XT906/XT907) is an Android-based, 4G LTE-capable smartphone designed by Motorola as a smaller successor to the Droid Razr. It was advertised as "The full screen phone" with thin edges, though it lacked a robust resolution. It came with a light skin of Android (operating system) for Verizon Wireless (XT907), SoftBank Mobile (XT902), and Telstra as well as an unbranded retail version for the Australian market (both XT905). The Electrify M (XT901) for U.S. Cellular is a CDMA handheld with a different housing, but otherwise same specification as the Razr M.

Droid Razr M


The lower-end Droid Razr M was announced alongside the Droid Razr HD and Razr Maxx HD on 5 September 2012. The Razr HD and M models ship with Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich). The Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) upgrade for the Razr M started rolling out on Nov 9, 2012 and the upgrade to Android 4.4 (KitKat) on May 12, 2014.

Droid Razr M


The RAZR i (XT890) is an almost identical edition except it has an Intel Atom Z2460 processor. This means it has more processing power, but less imaging power; however, it lacks LTE support.

Droid Razr M


Mudhole Assembly constituency is a constituency in Nirmal district of Telangana  that elects representatives to the Telangana Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Adilabad Lok Sabha constituency.

Mudhole Assembly constituency


Rama Rao Pawar is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election from Bharatiya Janata Party.

Mudhole Assembly constituency


The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following Mandals:

Mudhole Assembly constituency


Members of Legislative Assembly

Mudhole Assembly constituency


Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023

Mudhole Assembly constituency


Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018

Mudhole Assembly constituency


Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014

Mudhole Assembly constituency


Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2009

Mudhole Assembly constituency


List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly

Mudhole Assembly constituency


Klaus Täuber (17 January 1958 – 1 July 2023) was a German professional footballer who played as a forward for SpVgg Erlangen, 1. FC Nürnberg, Stuttgarter Kickers, Schalke 04, and Bayer Leverkusen. His brothers – Jürgen and Stephan – were also professional footballers.

Klaus Täuber


Täuber died on 1 July 2023, at the age of 65.

Klaus Täuber


Klaus Täuber at fussballdaten.de (in German)

Klaus Täuber


Naked Woman Sleeping by the Water (French: Femme nue dormant au bord de l'eau) is an oil on canvas painting by the Swiss and French artist Félix Vallotton, from 1926. It was given to the Strasbourg museum by Vallotton's widow in 1926 and is now in the Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. Its inventory number is 55.974.0.879.

Naked Woman Sleeping by the Water


The woman's body, with its greenish shadows and uncomfortable posture, is deliberately depicted in an anti-naturalistic manner. The three rowing men on the right edge of the painting are supposed to be the products of the woman's dream. In any case, their movement and activity contrast with the sleeper's indolence and inertia.

Naked Woman Sleeping by the Water


Femme nue dormant au bord de l'eau Archived 2020-07-29 at the Wayback Machine, presentation of the painting on the museum's website

Naked Woman Sleeping by the Water


The Eagle Falls trailhead or Eagle Lake trailhead is located in the  El Dorado National Forest, in the Sierra Nevada, within Emerald Bay State Park, on the western shore of Lake Tahoe, California.

Eagle Falls trailhead


It is on California State Route 89, a few miles west of the city of South Lake Tahoe, at approximately 7,100 feet in elevation.

Eagle Falls trailhead


The trailhead provides summer and winter access to the Desolation Wilderness; permits are required. Some of the destinations most accessed by the trailhead are in the wilderness, including Eagle Lake and the Velma Lakes.

Eagle Falls trailhead


GPS Coords: 38°57′7″N 120°6′43″W (estimated)

Eagle Falls trailhead


Lieutenant-General Sir Reginald Francis Stewart Denning,  (12 June 1894 – 23 May 1990) was a British Army staff officer and administrator.

Reginald Denning


Reginald Denning was born in Whitchurch, Hampshire, in 1894 to Charles and Clara Denning. His siblings included Alfred Thompson "Tom" Denning and Norman Denning. He joined the British Army at the beginning of the First World War as a private with the Queen's Westminsters, and was sent to serve on the Western Front in 1914, where he was posted to Ypres. He initially refused to apply for a commission until his elder brother forced him to, and in 1915 he was commissioned in the Bedfordshire Regiment. On 15 June 1915 he was severely injured. After running forward in an assault against the enemy flank he spotted some soldiers hiding in a trench. Running over to confront them he was hit with a 'pole-axe blow' to the head, which turned out to be a bullet passing through his shoulder and into the back of his head. He was left for dead and recovered consciousness about twelve hours later. A corporal from his company picked him up and carried him to a field ambulance, and after surgery he was shipped back to England, where a metal plate was put in his head.

Reginald Denning


Denning recovered from his wound and returned to France in 1918 to join his regiment as a company commander, but the wound had taken its toll and he collapsed. After being sent back to base he was transferred to brigade headquarters with the Third Army. For the rest of the war he served as a staff captain at Third Army Headquarters, but was transferred back to his regiment in 1919 to take part in the training of the regiment. He served for six years as an adjutant, three years for each regular battalion, and in 1925 attended the Staff College, Camberley. After training he again returned to the Bedfordshire Regiment and served with the regiment in both India and England.

Reginald Denning


Denning left the regiment in 1936, again to join the staff, and helped prepare the British Expeditionary Force. After the Dunkirk evacuations he was appointed to the XI Corps defending South East England. He was promoted to major general in 1943 to lead the planning for D-Day; he asked to be demoted to brigadier so he would be allowed to take part in the landings themselves, but this request was denied. After the success of the operation he was posted to Far East Command and became Chief Administrative Officer for the south-east Asian campaign.

Reginald Denning


In 1947 Denning was made Chief of Staff Eastern Command and was made Colonel of the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment. In 1949 he was promoted to lieutenant general and made General Officer Commanding Northern Ireland District.

Reginald Denning


Denning retired in 1952 with the rank of Colonel in the regiment and helped organise the merging of the county regiments into larger units, forming the Royal Anglian Regiment and serving as its first Colonel. After his retirement he became chairman of the Soldiers', Sailors' and Airmen's Families Association and worked with the organisation for over 20 years. He was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in thanks for his work. He was also a Deputy lieutenant for Essex between 1959 and 1968.

Reginald Denning


Denning, Alfred Thompson (1981). The Family Story. London: Butterworths. ISBN 9780406176097.

Reginald Denning


Heward, Edmund (1990). Lord Denning: A Biography. George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Limited. ISBN 0-297-81138-X.

Reginald Denning


Smart, Nick (2005). Biographical Dictionary of British Generals of the Second World War. Barnesley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 1844150496.

Reginald Denning


Generals of World War II

Reginald Denning


Municipal elections were held across Latvia on 5 June 2021. This was the first election after the Saeima passed a municipal reform in 2020 that reduced the 110 municipalities and 9 cities to 43 municipalities, including 11 state cities and added 5 new Latvian towns: Ādaži, Iecava, Ķekava, Koknese, and Mārupe. In total, 645 councilors were elected to 40 municipal councils across the country. The 60 seats in the Riga City Council is not up for election until 2025, as snap elections were held in August 2020.

2021 Latvian municipal elections


On 28 May, following the decision of the Constitutional Court of Latvia that declared a part of the municipal reform about the inclusion of Varakļāni Municipality into the new Rēzekne Municipality unconstitutional, the Central Election Commission (CEC) cancelled elections in the municipalities of both Rēzekne and Madona. The Saeima decided on 1 June to reverse the decision of the CEC and to move forward with the elections in Madona Municipality on 5 June as initially scheduled.

2021 Latvian municipal elections


All 645 councilors were elected using open-list proportional representation with a 5% electoral threshold. Seats are allocated using the Webster/Sainte-Laguë method. The number of councilors a given municipality were to elect was determined by the Central Election Commission based on the number of residents in that municipality.

2021 Latvian municipal elections


Participating parties

2021 Latvian municipal elections


2021 election hub on the Central Election Commission website (in English)

2021 Latvian municipal elections


The Internationalist Workers Party (Parti ouvrier internationaliste, POI) was a French Trotskyist party established in 1936 after the exclusion of militant Trotskyists from the French Section of the Workers' International in 1935 and dissolved in 1939 when most of the militants had rejoined the Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party. It was an official section of the Fourth International.

Internationalist Workers Party


Frédéric Charpier, Histoire de l'extrême-gauche trotskiste de 1929 à nos jours.

Internationalist Workers Party


Magician's Academy (まじしゃんず・あかでみい, Majishanzu Akademii), also known as Macademi Wasshoi! is a Japanese light novel series by Ichirō Sakaki, with illustrations by Blade. Nine volumes were published between January 24, 2003, and August 30, 2007; there is also a series of seven illustrated short stories called Macademi Radical. A manga adaptation by Blade was serialized in Enterbrain's Magi-Cu magazine in 2006. Another manga adaptation by Hitomi Nakao was serialized in Media Factory's Monthly Comic Alive magazine between February 27, 2008, and November 27, 2009, and collected in three volumes. An anime television series adaptation animated by Zexcs aired between October and December 2008.

Magician's Academy


Magician's Academy revolves around Takuto Hasegawa, who attends a magic academy that is not marked on any map. During a summoning spell exam, he accidentally creates a girl named Tanarotte, who happens to hold enough magical power to destroy his country, but fortunately Tanarotte professes undying loyalty to her "creator."

Magician's Academy


The universe separated in three worlds: Heaven, Human World (Earth), and the Demon realm. The Gods and Demons are not seen fighting among themselves in the human world and try to keep their existence a secret from them. The human world is only source of entertainment and enlightenment to both the demons and the gods to the point of smuggling human goods to both realms.

Magician's Academy


Takuto Hasegawa (羽瀬川 拓人, Hasegawa Takuto)

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Ami Koshimizu (anime)

Magician's Academy


The main male lead, he is described as being "extremely normal in all fields" and attends school in both the normal world and the magic world. During an incident on his retake summoning test, he accidentally summoned Tanarotte. Most of the predicaments he is in are caused by the antics of Tanarotte or by him being summoned by Sakuma for some mission (given the nickname Harem, which Takuto dislikes). He is normally the voice of reason and finds ways to get the answer without the use of violence. At the end of Episode 8 of the anime, Gabuyan and Agarin refer to Takuto as the 'Holy Mother', a being with the power to create Gods and Demons. Fablom has told Sagami that Takuto must be killed out of fear of him causing an upset of power between the Gods and Demons. Agarin and Byakarin spoke on his behalf though as his true powers haven't awakened yet. In a fit of anger, caused by Takuto witnessing his friends being hurt, Takuto's powers awoke and he began to summon at least five monstrous beings (each emitting the cries of a newborn) before he was subdued by Gabriel and Agaliarept. It is suggested that Takuto is in fact immensely powerful as the pair suffer burns along their arms, and also join in on a plot to erase him from existence out of fear. Takuto may or may not recall this incident. Tanarotte rescues him from being erased from existence. It is revealed that Tanarotte is part of Takuto's soul.

Magician's Academy


Suzuho Hasegawa (羽瀬川 鈴穂, Hasegawa Suzuho)

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Ui Miyazaki (anime)

Magician's Academy


She is Takuto's cousin and is so shy that she is mute, communicating to others by writing on a sketch pad and hiding in various objects, most commonly a doll helmet whose eyes also move on their own. Like her cousin, she is a magic user, and she has the rare ability to suck the powers of any magic user around her when she unbraids her hair, turning a distinctive blue color which led her terrified classmates to nickname her "Midnight Blue Vampire." In this form, she speaks rudely and has no strength other than that of a normal teenage girl, leading her to use a mechanical sword called 'Walpurgis', which with no magical properties isn't affected by her powers. It has been confirmed that she is another personality of Suzuho, she referred to Takuto as "ours", and her blue haired personality was referred to as the other Suzuho. She clearly has affection for Takuto, blushing at his compliments and nearly destroying Magic Academy to get him back; because of this she moved in with Takuto now that he lives with Tanarotte to keep an eye on her. However anytime a character points that affection out, she gets extremely nervous. In episode 4 she becomes a student in the same school as Takuto where she is popular among the other female students because of the high-class high school she used to go to before this school. In episode 11, where Takuto is placed in alternated world. A world being made where Takuto wasn't a magician, Suzuho's copy suggested that the two have sex, as she will soon die, however Takuto refuses. The copy claims that her imminent death is due to the fact that one body cannot support two souls, in addition to her having suffered the injuries she took before Takuto awoke. Unlike in the "real world", her copy is able to talk.

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Mariya Ise (anime)

Magician's Academy


Described as being "Unknown", Tanarotte is a young, well-endowed, familiar who was summoned by Takuto. Whether she is a god or a demon is unknown. Her magical power is over 100,000, divinity power 5,000, offensive power 5,000 and defensive power 78,000 and is physically strong as well, able to hold off a small army of Golem units with only a single hand. When first summoned she was running on pure animal-like instincts and tended to act like an affectionate cat around Takuto (only saying Myu, clinging to him while being completely naked, and licking his cheek). It wasn't till Takuto had named her (as she reminded him of a cat he once had named Tanarotte) that she calmed down and was able to talk. She is shown to have a genuine affection towards Takuto and treats her Familiar service to him as if they were a newly married couple, but her personality resembles that of an energetic child. It is later revealed that Tanarotte has the power to 'evolve' into either a god or a demon. Both the gods and demons are concerned by this as it could shift the already delicate balance between light and darkness to one side. A running gag is every time she is in a risqué scene, she is replaced with a claymation version for the TV version, while in the DVD version they are fully animated. In episode 4 she becomes a student in the same school as Takuto going by the name Tanarotte Unthirteen.

Magician's Academy


Falcé the Variable Wand (ファルチェ・ザ・ヴァリアブルワンド)

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Yukari Fukui (anime)

Magician's Academy


Also known as "Falcé the Variablewand". When Falcé is in her 'humanoid' form, she has the appearance of a tall, well endowed woman with a pair of spiraled horns on either side of her head. She has a very ditzy and naïve personality, calling herself the Demon King despite being female, but she is incredibly powerful (Magical power estimated to be around 58,000), able to use magic even when Suzuho is in her "Midnight Blue Vampire" form. She was the last and greatest masterpiece of a powerful dark magician and alchemist who died long ago, leaving her alone without even naming her. When Takuto stumbled across her chamber during a training session, Falcé took him captive. After fighting with Tanarotte and Suzuho, she was defeated. Later she returned, having accepted Takuto as her new master. In episode 4 she uses her powers to transform into many class related objects (mechanical pencil, etc), though she transforms to her original form as a staff for Takuto, and also Tanarotte describes her as being Takuto's Dutch wife. Though she has genuine affection for Takuto, unlike Suzuho and Tanarotte she doesn't force her feelings onto him but rather comforts him from their antics, however she does go along with their ideas from time-to-time.

Magician's Academy


Futaba Kirishima (霧島 双葉, Kirishima Futaba)

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Rina atou (anime)

Magician's Academy


Described as being "bright, active, and courageous yet also girly". She attends the normal school along with Takuto and is completely unaware of his magical powers. She has a strong crush on Takuto, but hides this fact. She is very surprised when she discovers that Tanarotte and Suzuho are living with Takuto. Matters become more complicated when she meets Falce at Takuto's apartment in a naked apron outfit.

Magician's Academy


Hazuki Kirishima (霧島 葉月, Kirishima Hazuki)

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Yuuichi Ishigami (anime)

Magician's Academy


It is said that "his face is Yakuza." He is the twin of his sister Futaba and knows about her crush on Takuto. He always figures out ways to hint at his sister's attraction to Takuto, even though doing so causes Futaba to hit him hard (to the point his body impression is left on a stone wall). Then again, she seems to hit him after he speaks about anything.

Magician's Academy


A gatekeeper between the Human and the Magic world that is a large stone face on the door. He allows the students into the school and many other locations as well. He has also appeared as a shield for Takuto and grown to a large size that he could transport the entire school of Magician's Academy.

Magician's Academy


Only mentioned in episode 11 but is never seen. The Santa in episode 12 is called "principal" by Sakura Eitarou and may also be Takuto's father. It is implied that, like Sakuma, the principal has a hidden nature.

Magician's Academy


A professor that is always seen chained and hanging upside-down. It is his school uniform design that the students are currently wearing, winning the MaU-con 3 years in a row. It is never truly explained what position he has in Magician's Academy but it is suggested it might be right below the Principal.

Magician's Academy


Eitarou Sakuma (佐久間 榮太郎, Sakuma Eitarou)

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Takuma Terashima (anime)

Magician's Academy


Described as being a "part-time teacher [at the school] and also very skilled magician." He is an easy-going teacher and helps out Takuto and Suzuho. He is clearly a powerful magician, as shown when he easily broke the barrier which Miyabi and Sinclavier erected and even overpowered them. He is also highly knowledgeable on the use of magic, as demonstrated by his ability to summon a black demon lord to do his bidding. However, his personality and behavior are rather perverted, and he is an unabashed otaku, who often joins in with Professor Frankenstein perverted schemes. He appears to favor the paws of animal girls, to the point that he made battle gloves for Tanarotte in the shape of cat's paws, and maid outfits, which is why he dressed up Eineus, Miyabi, and Sinclavier as maids. Eineus has stated that he spends more time on his assorted hobbies than on his actual work. There is some indication that he is other than human and is, in fact, Samael, the Angel of Death; when confronting Gabriel and Agaliarept and his identity demanded, he responds simply with his name ("SAkuMA EitaROU" with emphasis, "SAMAEROU" with the L-as-R of Japanese). After a moment of repetition, Agaliarept says "You couldn't be...!" and Gabriel chimes in with "Samae..." Sakuma goes on to prove capable of defeating the both of them, and seems dismissive of the possibility that beings of their level could do anything to truly harm him, stating "if you want to kill me, get Lucifer to do it".

Magician's Academy


Eineus the Vergest (エーネウス・ザ・バージェスト)

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Ayako Kawasumi (anime)

Magician's Academy


Eineus is Eitarou's familiar, described as being "a relatively ethical character in the show." She is actually a type of demonic beast, called Vergest, and she is known to be the strongest among them all. Eitarou has her dressed up as a dog-girl maid; she is very devoted to him, but will not hesitate to harm him if he strays off because of his perverted ways, and frequently lectures him. She is a very capable fighter, able to fight on-par with Tanarotte, with the ability to make copies of herself. She wields a weapon which is a combination of spear and broom in combat. It is hinted that she might have feelings for Takuto, as she was annoyed that he referred to her as a "mother figure", and has a picture of when they went out on their "date" stickered to her weapon.

Magician's Academy


Sakuma has made a bunch of miniature versions of her. All of them function properly, except for one, which is comically seen tripping and needing the help of the others. Sakuma has also made a giant robot version. He is proud of how closely his design mimics the original, stating they wear the same type of underwear and have the same placement of birthmarks. His pride has led Eineus to punish him repeatedly before he can describe where her birthmarks are located.

Magician's Academy


Professor Sagami (寒河江教授, Sagami Kyouju)

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Omi Minami (anime)

Magician's Academy


Described as being "Professor and also adviser of the discipline committee [who] uses his "Golem" Droid Army," he is child-sized and has the unique ability to separate his head from his body, which he uses to instruct his class while his body writes on the board. This ability has shown to be a problem, however, as they tend to separate from any attack. It is suggested that he is a possessed doll, inhabited by a tentacle-eyed demon who uses magic to control both his body and his head separately. When Suzuho takes off her ribbon, he equips an oversized AAA battery on his back to power his body.

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Akiko Kimura (anime)

Magician's Academy


Described as being "Virtual God in a PC. She works as a coach, guide and examiner for students." She appears to be a little girl in the computer system that helps students with their exams. Takuto usually calls her Trin or Torin.

Magician's Academy


Professor Frankram Stein (フランクラム・シュタイン教授)

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Nobuyuki Hiyama (anime)

Magician's Academy


A professor, he is perverted like Sakuma but more vocal about it, even describing why girls dressed in animal cosplay are the best as one of his class lectures. To fulfill his perverted fantasies, he invented a machine called Mimigar Z uses magic to change the students of Magician's Academy into part animal and gives out animal ear headbands to his students. He reinvented the machine to the point that it doesn't rely on magic, which he called Mimigar ZZ. He appears to prefer the ears of animal girls to the point when he is upset, the only thing that can calm him down is if the student wears an animal ear headband. His current invention is Mimigar ZZZ, which is an animal ear headband that forces the user to act tsundere (this most likely a reference to the anime Mazinger Z's Sayaka Yumi, known for being one of the earliest anime characters with a tsundere personality.

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Nobuo Tobita (anime)

Magician's Academy


A mid class level 3 angel who is a masochist, pansexual, and a former teacher of the magical academy. From his appearance, he is muscular man, wearing a black/purple S&M, purple lipstick, & has halo over his head in the shape of a fused male and female sign (symbolizing that he is pansexual ), and he has 3 sets of small angel wings along his back. 20 years prior the start of the story, he was a tyrant who would give a horrible French kiss to his students, whom he adores. To evade his horrible love, his students sealed him away. Later, his seal was broken when Metalys accidentally punched George. His policy is Love and Peace. He is so annoying to everyone, not even the Gods or Demons want him back. He now works as the school's janitor after being fired due to his 20 year absence that was later revealed to be voluntary because of his masochism. He now replaces Falce's embrace scene in the opening credits. He still sexually harasses the students, but becomes a source of support and guidance to student George in the last episode. Although their apparent closeness (George voluntarily hugs Hapxier when George himself is emotionally distraught) is shocking to all who perceive it, it seems that Hapxier does provide George with genuine comfort. Whenever Hapxier dramatically appears, a rendition of the theme song of the 1980 Flash Gordon movie is played.

Magician's Academy


They are employed to repair the damages to the Academy, but they can be used to fix stuff in the human world as Takuto called them to fix the hole Suzuho blasted through his apartment and completely fix a city.

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Akeno Watanabe (anime)

Magician's Academy


A robotic student that is powered by magic. Because of this he is heavily affected to Suzuho's magic stealing ability. He is initially hinted to be homosexual and attracted to his friend George. However, it turns out that he is actually in love with the Midnight Blue Vampire, Suzuho's other personality, and only wanted to talk to George about his feelings. Metalys's feelings for the Midnight Blue Vampire prove to be so strong that he is willing to risk his own life to save hers. Though he discovers she has feelings for Takuto, he keeps trying to impress her though he needs to run off a separate battery system to be able to chat with her. The two seem to have at least hit up an unusual friendship, though Metalys craves more.

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Mitsuhiro Sakamaki (anime)

Magician's Academy


A student that is commonly seen with Metalys, yet over time he seems to be growing increasingly creeped out by Metalys' unusual attraction towards him. However, when he thinks Metalys is about to confess to him he starts to respond positively, only to find out Metalys was speaking to Suzuho, and he becomes deeply distraught. Later, George repeatedly tries to win Metalys back (although he never actually had him), even conspiring to kill Suzuho, but fails (comically getting injured by Metalys, who was too excited to notice him as he was trying to impress Midnight Blue Vampire). In the end, George becomes so distraught that he seeks refuge in prayer – and attracts the attention of Hapxier, who seems to become a mentor figure, as well as a source of support to him. At the very end, George has even begun dressing like Hapxier, and addresses him as 'my lord'.

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Kei Shindou (anime)

Magician's Academy


The 1st apprentice of professor Sagami. She builds heavily armed battle golems and gives long monologues before attacking with them. Her golems have German names, such as Kreis Kreuz Drei. She is rather manic and dreams of surpassing her master, but also adores him.

Magician's Academy


Synclavier the Siren (シンクラヴィア・ザ・セイレーン) Voiced by: Yu Kobayashi and Miyabi, The West of the Four Gods – Byakko (ミヤビ) Voiced by: Hitomi Nabatame

Magician's Academy


A Demon and a God that went on a secret mission to find and destroy Tanarotte to keep the balance of Gods and Demons in check, since if Tanarotte awakens as a member of either group, it will tip the scale that has existed since the beginning of existence, under orders from Gabriel and Agaliarept. Miyabi is The West of the Four Gods, Byakko, with long silver hair dressed in a miko outfit with the special ability to heal others through kissing, whereas Synclavier is a Demon with short red hair and a very revealing leather outfit with chains. Miyabi infrequently sports the ears and tail of the white tiger she is associated with through her 'Byakko' title. As in the anime Shuffle! the only physical differences between the two species compared to that of a normal human appears to be their ears: the Demons have long pointed ears and Gods have short pointed ears. Because Miyabi and Synclavier undertook their mission in secret, after their capture neither the Gods or the Demons took credit for sending them and are suggesting they acted on their own. As punishment, they have been enslaved by Sakuma Eitaro, who has among other things forced them to dress up as maids, and also to help him draw a manga – both as models and as his assistants in drawing and coloring, a chore they loathe with a passion. Their combat capabilities are bound by Sakuma Eitarou's seal – a constraint magic, which leaves them with no choice but to oblige to his orders. Their magical power levels are both around 60,000.

Magician's Academy


He is Takuto's, Suzuho's, Tanarott's and Falce's next door neighbor who has been identified by other inhabitants of the apartment building as 'Omuro-san's husband'; he has a young daughter who lives in the same apartment as he, and presumably his wife. His own name is never mentioned. His most noticeable feature is his large, carp-like lips. He appears to be a bit of a pervert as he enjoys listening to the suggestive antics of his neighbors. In episode 12 of the anime, it is revealed the constant mind-wipes from the dwarfs repairing the apartment have damaged his cognitive functions in a seemingly irreversible way.

Magician's Academy


Gabriel (Gab-yan) Voiced by: Miyu Matsuki and Agaliarept (Aga-rin) Voiced by: Junichi Suwabe

Magician's Academy


In the continuity of Macademi Wasshoi, Gabriel is a high class angel in the form of a little girl, dressed up in gothic outfits and listening to music. Agaliarept is a high class demon who is an otaku and a moe expert, who keeps a huge collection of bishōjo games and anime in his lair, and doesn't want anyone to disturb him when he's watching or playing them. He is the First President of the Underworld Dark Moe Anime League.  He has a masochistic maid, named Fermi, who is loyal to him and enjoys being punished by her master's lightning bolts. Both came to Magician's Academy to observe Tanarotte after their agents Miyabi and Synclavier failed to seal her, and in order to keep the "Holy Mother" in check. They are mostly seen enjoying themselves in the human world, and have not redeemed Miyabi and Synclavier. Despite the difference in race, they actually get along quite well, enjoying activities such as shopping together, watching the MaU-con in Magician's Academy, going to the hot springs in Eitaro's villa, and even call each other by nicknames: Gabu-yan and Aga-rin.

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Akeno Watanabe

Magician's Academy


She is a masochistic maid or servant of Agaliarept, who loves to receive his punishment. She is loyal to him and was greatly concerned when she found out his huge collection of gal games (all with his name on the package – as the president of the underworld anime league). She does not appear to be hugely intelligent.

Magician's Academy


Voiced by: Ayahi Takagaki

Magician's Academy


She is a demon who is known as a fanatical bishōjo figure collector and a smuggler of goods (most are bishōjo figures) from the human world to the demon realm. She respects Sakuma Eitaro after their encounter and wouldn't go against him despite being bribed to do so by Miyabi and Synclavier, and even sold them out to Sakuma. In episode 12 she is running a shop selling anime goods. She is only seen wearing a black or dark purple cloak and in her first appearance it is suggested that she doesn't have anything else.

Magician's Academy


Anime official website(dead) Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese)

Magician's Academy


Video game official website(dead) (in Japanese)

Magician's Academy


Magician's Academy (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia

Magician's Academy


The King–Crane Commission, officially called the 1919 Inter-Allied Commission on Mandates in Turkey, consisting primarily of an American delegation was a commission of inquiry concerning the disposition of areas within the former Ottoman Empire.

King–Crane Commission


The Commission began as an outgrowth of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. The Commission visited areas of Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, and Anatolia, surveyed local public opinion, and assessed its view on the best course of action for the region. Originally meant to be led by French, British, Italian, and American representatives, it ended as an investigation conducted solely by the United States government after the other countries withdrew to avoid the risk of being "confronted by recommendations from their own appointed delegates which might conflict with their policies".

King–Crane Commission


The Commission submitted its report to the Paris Peace Conference in August 1919. Its working being undercut from the beginning by France and the United Kingdom's pact, the Sykes–Picot Agreement, and colonialist designs, the Peace Conference had largely concluded the area's future by the time the report was finished.

King–Crane Commission


At the Paris Peace Conference, France and Britain sought to divide the Ottoman Empire among themselves using the mandate system while President Wilson sought to oppose such plans. The conference began in 1919. In the wake of World War I, the participants were exhausted and particularly interested in the fate of their imperial rival, the Ottoman Empire.

King–Crane Commission


The French, in particular, had extensive claims in the Middle East. Since as early 1900, the French began to build relationships and claims on political, moral and economic grounds. They created a role for themselves as the traditional protector of Lebanese Christians. The French supported the Maronites in Lebanon with missionaries and schools, deepening their relationship with the Christian religious community. Many Lebanese Christians feared domination as a religious minority and vocally supported the French Mandate. This gave the French political credibility in the region.

King–Crane Commission


Finally, French capitalists controlled 63% of the Ottoman Public Debt. This economic tie made France very concerned about the fate of the Ottoman Empire. The French were adamant that because of their unique relationship with Syria, they should be one of the nations to receive a mandate in Syria.

King–Crane Commission


Meanwhile, after World War I, people in the Levant, including Palestine, sought independence due to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and global revolutionary activities, namely, the “year of traveling revolutions” across the North Africa and the Middle East. They aimed to establish independent nation-states, inspired by President Wilson's emphasis on self-determination. The King–Crane Commission played a crucial role in evaluating their aspirations. Many had relied on Wilson's assurances of security and autonomy, expecting democratic principles to guide the postwar period. They hoped for Western support to achieve self-rule, marking the end of imperialism in the Middle East. However, their disillusionment was palpable as reflected in the reactions during the King–Crane Commission, where "William Yale’s disappointed expectations of Arab nationalist enthusiasm... found insufficiently proven by the Arabs' lackluster emotional reactions.

King–Crane Commission


The French allied themselves with the British in order to press their claims. While the British did not have the same connection with the Middle East, they were still interested in expanding and defending their existing colonial empire. In what came to be known as the Sykes-Picot agreement, the French and the British agreed to divide the Middle East between the two of them after the war. When they reached the Paris Peace Conference, this agreement made negotiation on the Middle East nearly impossible. When American diplomats proposed the King–Crane Commission to investigate popular sentiment in the region of Syria, both French and British diplomats greeted it with public approval, but behind the scenes the outcome had already been decided. Lord Snell criticized the British government's handling of Arab nationalism, noting that the King–Crane Commission report commented: "Arab nationalism in Palestine has been artificially puffed up by methods which the Government should never have allowed. Only a little firmness is needed to deflate it.

King–Crane Commission


The British also engaged in secret negotiations with the emir of Mecca in the Hussein-McMahon correspondence before the conference occurred. Ultimately, this would cause the British to fall into poor standing with the Arabs because they would betray Arab trust by conducting simultaneous negotiations in the Sykes-Picot agreement and the Balfour Declaration.

King–Crane Commission


The Commission was originally proposed by the United States as an international effort to assess ''the state of opinion there with regard to [the post-Ottoman Middle East], and the social, racial, and economic conditions.'' The plan received little support from the other nations, with many claimed delays. The Americans gradually realized that the British and French had already come to their own backroom deals about the future of the region, and new information could only muddy the waters. So, the United States alone sponsored the commission.

King–Crane Commission


The Commission's representatives appointed by President Woodrow Wilson were Henry Churchill King, a theologian and fellow college president (of Oberlin College), and Charles R. Crane, a prominent Democratic Party contributor.

King–Crane Commission


The dispatch of the Commission, combined with Wilson's claim that the “nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of an autonomous development,” sparked optimism in the Arab world that the era of imperialism was coming to an end. The Arabs united to form their political proposals, based on ideas of self-determination and minority rights.

King–Crane Commission


The Commission's effectiveness was hampered by the fact that it was the British army that actually protected them and controlled the translators, giving a skewed view of opinion where it was considerably easier to decry the French than the British. In spite of this, based on interviews with local elites, the Commission concluded that, while independence was preferred, the Americans were considered the second-best choice for a colonial power, the British the third-best, and the French easily the worst choice.

King–Crane Commission


Based on these interviews, King concluded that while the Middle East was "not ready" for independence, a colonial government would not serve the people well either. He recommended instead that the Americans move in to occupy the region, because only the United States could be trusted to guide the people to self-sufficiency and independence rather than become an imperialist occupier. From King's personal writings, it seems that his overriding concern was the morally correct course of action, not necessarily tempered by politics or pragmatism. The Republicans had regained control of the United States Senate in the 1918 midterm elections. In light of Republican isolationism, the probability of a huge military involvement and occupation overseas, even given British and French approval, was practically nil.

King–Crane Commission


The British Foreign Office was willing to allow either the United States or Great Britain to administer the proposed Palestine mandate, but not the French or the Italian governments. The point ended up being moot in any case, as Lloyd George and Georges Clemenceau, heads of governments of Great Britain and France, prevailed in drafting the provisions of the San Remo conference and the Treaty of Sèvres. Lloyd George commented that "the friendship of France is worth ten Syrias." France received Syria while Britain would get Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Palestine, contrary to the expressed wishes of both the interviewees and the Commission itself. In the United States, the report floundered with Wilson's sickness and later death.

King–Crane Commission


Delay in publication

King–Crane Commission


The Report was not intended to be published until the US Senate actually passed the Treaty of Versailles, which it never did. As a result, the report was only released to the public in 1922, after the Senate and House had passed a joint resolution favoring the establishment of a Jewish National Home in Palestine along the lines of the Balfour Declaration. Public opinion was divided when it was learned that the Arab majority had requested an American mandate with a democratically elected constituent assembly.

King–Crane Commission


Conclusions regarding Syria, Palestine, and Lebanon

King–Crane Commission


The commission's "Report upon Syria" covered the Arab territories of the defunct Ottoman Syria, then under the Occupied Enemy Territory Administration. This area covered would today encompass Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, and Jordan, as well as Hatay and Cilicia.

King–Crane Commission


The commission's visit to the region was 42 days long, from June 10 to July 21, 1919; 15 days were spent in OETA South, 10 in OETA West, 15 in OETA East, and 2 in OETA North. With respect to OETA North ("Cilicia"), the Commission "did not endeavor to give thorough hearings... feeling that it is not seriously to be considered a part of Syria, and desiring not to open up as yet the question of the Turkish-speaking portion of the former Turkish Empire." The population estimates included in the report are as follows:

King–Crane Commission


The Commission Report, which was published in 1922, concluded that the Middle East was not ready for independence and urged mandates be established on the territories whose purpose was to accompany a process of transition to self-determination.

King–Crane Commission


The Commission hoped for a "Syria" built along liberal and nationalistic grounds that would become a modern democracy that protected the rights of its minorities. The Commission succeeded in convincing many of the educated, secular elite of this goal, but this didn't affect the negotiations at Versailles. Historian James Gelvin believes that the Commission actually weakened the stature of the pro-Western elites in Syria, as their vocal support of complete independence made no impact upon the result. The French Mandate of Syria was the result regardless, and the native elites were left either powerless or granted power only at the whim of the French. This helped set back the cause of an actual Syrian liberal democracy in Gelvin's view.

King–Crane Commission


Although the commission was sympathetic toward Zionism, the Balfour Declaration's requirement that "nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights existing in non-Jewish communities in Palestine" led the commission to recommend "that only a greatly reduced Zionist program be attempted by the Peace Conference, and even that, only very gradually initiated." The commission found that "Zionists looked forward to a practically complete dispossession of the present non-Jewish inhabitants of Palestine, by various forms of purchase". Nearly 90% of the Palestinian population was emphatically against the entire Zionist program.

King–Crane Commission


The report noted that there is a principle that the wishes of the local population must be taken into account and that there is widespread anti-Zionist feeling in Palestine and Syria, and the holy nature of the land to Christians and Muslims as well as Jews must preclude solely Jewish dominion. It also noted that Jews at that time constituted only 10% of the population of Palestine.

King–Crane Commission


The Commission Report was skeptical of the viability of a Jewish state in Palestine. The logic of the Commission went along the lines that the first principle to be respected must be self-determination. It pointed out that "feeling against the Zionist program is not confined to Palestine", but "people throughout Syria" were also against the formation of a Jewish state. It concluded that the only way to establish a viable Jewish state would be with armed force to enforce it. This was precisely what the Commission wanted to avoid, so they dismissed the idea, saying that Zionists anticipated "a practically complete dispossession of the present non-Jewish inhabitants to Palestine, by various forms of purchase". That said, there would be nothing wrong with Jews coming to "Israel" and simply living as Jewish Syrian citizens, but noted "nor can the erection of such a Jewish State be accomplished without the gravest trespass upon the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine". The latter statement was based on the assumption that an army of at least 50,000 would be required to establish Jewish ownership by force. In respect to the creation of a Jewish state in the Middle East, the report cautioned "Not only you as president but the American people as a whole should realise that if the American government decided to support the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine, they are committing the American people to the use of force in that area, since only by force can a Jewish state in Palestine be established or maintained."

King–Crane Commission


About the international importance of Palestine, the report noted:

King–Crane Commission


"The fact that the Arabic-speaking portion of the Turkish Empire has been the birthplace of the three great religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and that Palestine contains places sacred to all three, makes inevitably a center of interest and concern for the whole civilised world. No solution which is merely local or has only a single people in mind can avail."

King–Crane Commission


Narrating the fear felt by Christians and Muslims over their holy places, it mentions: "With the best possible intentions, it may be doubted whether the Jews could possibly seem to either Christians or Moslems proper guardians of the holy places, or custodians of the Holy Land as a whole. ..... The places which are most sacred to Christians-those having to do with Jesus-and which are also sacred to Moslems, are not only not sacred to Jews, but abhorrent to them. It is simply impossible, under those circumstances, for Moslems and Christians to feel satisfied to have these places in Jewish hands, or under the custody of Jews." The Commission recommended to include Palestine in a united Syrian State, the holy places being cared for by an International and Inter-religious Commission, in which also the Jews would have representation. All Syria should become under a single Mandate, led by a Power desired by the people, with America as first choice.

King–Crane Commission


Results of the petitions received

King–Crane Commission


The King–Crane Commission created "the first-ever survey of Arab public opinion," but its results went largely unheeded. The table below shows results of the petitions received from OETA South (became Palestine), OETA West (became Lebanon and Western Syria) and OETA East (became Syria and Transjordan).

King–Crane Commission


Conclusions regarding Armenia

King–Crane Commission


The Commission expressed support for the creation of an Armenian state and rejected that Turkey would respect the rights of the Armenian population, in the light of the genocide suffered by the Armenians during the war.

King–Crane Commission


Significance for the Palestinian cause

King–Crane Commission


Even though the Commission's report did not lead to Palestinian independence, it acts as an important historical reference point for Palestinians to prove the existence of their movement, nationhood, and political goals as early as 1919.

King–Crane Commission


Its publication was initially suppressed for various reasons, and later reported by the State Department that publication "would not be compatible with the public interest". The Commission's report was ultimately published in the December 2, 1922 edition of the Editor & Publisher magazine.

King–Crane Commission


Report of the American Section of the International Commission on Mandates in Turkey, Paris, August 28, 1919, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, The Paris Peace Conference, 1919, Volume XII, Field Missions of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, Document 380, Paris Peace Conf. 181.9102/9 (Office of the Historian)

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King Crane Commission, “King-Crane report on the Near East,” Editor and Publisher 55 no. 27 (winter 1922)

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World War I Document Archive

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King-Crane Commission Digital Collection, Oberlin College Archives

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Gelvin, James L. (1999). Lesch, David W. (ed.). "The Ironic Legacy of the King-Crane Commission". The Middle East and the United States. Westview Press. ISBN 9780786734504.

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Andrew Patrick (2015). America's Forgotten Middle East Initiative: The King-Crane Commission of 1919. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78453-274-1.

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Smith, L. V., 'Wilsonian Sovereignty in the Middle East: The King–Crane Commission Report of 1919', in D. Howland and L. White, The State of Sovereignty, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009.

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The Israel-Arab Reader: A Documentary History of the Middle East Conflict, edited by Walter Laqueur, 31-33. New York: B. L. Mazel, 1969.

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Friedman, Isaiah. The Question of Palestine, 1914-1918: British-Jewish-Arab Relations. New York: Schocken Books, 1973.

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Hourani, Albert. Syria and Lebanon: A Political Essay. London: Oxford University Press, 1946.

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Ingrams, Doreen. Palestine Papers 1917-1922 Seeds of Conflict. New York: Braziller, George, 1972.

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Khoury, Philip. Syrian and the French Mandate: The Politics of Arab Nationalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.

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Longrigg, Stephen Hemsley. Syria and Lebanon Under French Mandate. London: Oxford University Press, 1958.

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Petran, Tabitha. Syria. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972.

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Tibawi, Abdul. A Modern History of Syria: Including Lebanon and Palestine. London: Macmillan and Co, 1969.

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Knee, Stuart (1997). "Anglo-American Relations in Palestine 1919-1925: An Experiment in Realpolitik". Journal of American Studies of Turkey. 5: 3–18. Archived from the original on 2005-03-09.

King–Crane Commission


The Great Debate was an era in Cuban history retroactively named by historians, that was defined by public debate about the future of Cuban economic policy that took place from 1962 to 1965. The debate began after Cuba fell into an economic crisis in 1962 after years of internal economic complications, United States sanctions, and the flight of professionals from Cuba. In 1962 Fidel Castro invited Marxist economists around the world to debate two main propositions. One proposition proposed by Che Guevara was that Cuba could bypass any capitalist then "socialist" transition period and immediately become an industrialized "communist" society if "subjective conditions" like public consciousness and vanguard action are perfected. The other proposition held by the Popular Socialist Party was that Cuba required a transitionary period as a mixed economy in which Cuba's sugar economy was maximized for profit before a "communist" society could be established.

Great Debate (Cuba)


The Great Debate would result in somewhat of a compromise in which Fidel Castro used moral incentives rather than material incentives to motivate workers, and industrialization would be ignored in favor of a focus on the sugar economy. These policies would eventually culminate in the Revolutionary Offensive where the economy would be oriented in producing 10 million tons of sugar by 1970. The campaign failed and led to a reorientation of domestic Cuban politics.

Great Debate (Cuba)


Political consolidation

Great Debate (Cuba)


In the months following the Cuban Revolution a pluralistic political alliance assembled to form the first provisional government. After elections failed to materialize, Batistianos were executed in the national sports stadium, and appeals for agrarian reform became popular, more moderate politicians started to become disillusioned in the government and believed communists were slowly gaining control. By late 1959 the Central Intelligence Agency began training exiled Cubans for an invasion of Cuba. In early 1960 the Cuban government entered into a trade deal with the Soviet Union that exchanged Cuban sugar for Soviet oil. Throughout 1960 the United States would begin to create sanctions on Cuba and the Cuban government would retaliate by nationalizing American owned businesses. By 1961 U.S. trained rebels would attempt the Bay of Pigs Invasion and fail to overthrow the Castro government in Cuba. The original pluralistic platform of the Cuban Revolution had by then been constricted to just socialists sympathetic to the Eastern Bloc. By 1962 the Cuban government was reorganized under one political organization headed by Popular Socialist Party leader Anibal Escalante.

Great Debate (Cuba)


Starting in 1961, Guevara spearheaded a Four Year Plan to rapidly industrialize the Cuban economy, and minimize the sugar industry in favor of other agricultural sectors. The plan was designed to be carried out from 1962 to 1965, but was cancelled early in 1964 due to economic setbacks.

Great Debate (Cuba)


Agricultural diversification led to a steep drop in sugar production. Industrialization goals were also not reached because machinery which was typically imported from the United States, was prevented from being imported due to the embargo. Cuba also lacked the necessary educated technicians. Falling sugar profits and expanding social services also contributed to economic failure. As sugar profits fell, and social services increased, Cuba needed greater consumer goods to give to the poor, but could not provide them due to reduced national profits.

Great Debate (Cuba)


In March 1962, Guevara admitted in a speech that the economic plan was a failure, specifically stating it was "an absurd plan, disconnected from reality, with absurd goals and imaginary resources."

Great Debate (Cuba)


By 1962 Cuba was entering an economic crisis, and recently experienced the Escalante affair in which it was revealed that Anibal Escalante had given most positions of power in the new Integrated Revolutionary Organizations to Popular Socialist Party members. The economic crisis spurred on a reevaluation of the economic models proposed at the time and the previous Escalante affair motivated distrust in the Popular Socialist Party and their Soviet modeled propositions.

Great Debate (Cuba)


In 1962 leftist economists from all over the world were invited to print their opinions in economic journals in Cuba about how Cuba should develop into a communist society. The two main spokespeople in the debate were Che Guevara who argued for an independent Cuban model to communism, and Carlos Rafael Rodríguez of the Popular Socialist Party who advocated for more of a "soviet" model towards communism which meant a development of capitalism before socialism and later communism.

Great Debate (Cuba)


Rodriguez advocated for material incentives given to individuals based on how well they created profit for an enterprise. Enterprises themselves will be "self-managed" like in the Soviet Union, rather than all managed by a central planner.

Great Debate (Cuba)


Guevara's view was that the Soviet system had developed following the historical contingency of the New Economic Policy, rather than objective Marxist principles. Guevara advocated for moral incentives as the main motivator to increase workers' production. The main ideal that compromised the consciousness that would develop socialism was the praise of the New Man, a citizen that was only motivated by human solidarity and self-sacrifice. According to Guevara's view, the state should undermine the law of value and encourage voluntarism to develop a sense of social duty among the people.

Great Debate (Cuba)


All profits created by enterprises were to be given to the state budget, and the state budget would cover losses. Institutions that developed socialist consciousness were regarded as the most important element in maintaining a path to socialism rather than materially incentivized increases in production. Implementation of the profit-motive was regarded as a path towards capitalism and was one of the flaws of the Eastern bloc economies. The economy would also rely on mass mobilizations and centralized planning as a method for developing the economy.

Great Debate (Cuba)


The Great Debate came to an end when Guevara left Cuba in 1965. Initially, his view lost support. In 1968, however, Fidel Castro announced the reforms of the Revolutionary Offensive which drew on Guevara's ideas.

Great Debate (Cuba)


In 1966 the Cuban economy was reorganized on moral lines. Cuban propaganda stressed voluntarism and ideological motivations to increase productions. Material incentives were not given to workers who were more productive than others. Cuban intellectuals were expected to participate actively in creating a positive national ethos and ignore any desire to create "art for art's sake".

Great Debate (Cuba)


Cuba became more politically independent from the Soviet Union and instead focused it's foreign policy on third-world affairs. Guerilla groups in third-world anti-imperialist struggles would receive funding from the Cuban government.

Great Debate (Cuba)


In 1968 all non-agricultural private businesses were nationalized, central planning was done more on an ad-hoc basis and the entire Cuban economy was directed at producing a 10 million ton sugar harvest. These developments were generally inspired by the resolutions brought about by the Great Debate years earlier. The focus on sugar would eventually render all other facets of the Cuban economy underdeveloped and would be the ultimate legacy of the offensive.

Great Debate (Cuba)


Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution

Great Debate (Cuba)


The Pan-African University of the Congo (French: Université Panafricaine du Congo), colloquially referred to by its acronym UPAC, is a public higher education and research institution located in Mont Ngafula, Kinshasa. Established under Ministerial Decree No. 004/MINESU/CABMIN/MML/DESP/KOB/2010 on 7 January 2010, the university officially began operations on 12 November 2011. As the first institution in the country to implement the Bachelor-Master-Doctorate (LMD) system, UPAC serves as a multidisciplinary center for training, research, and economic and social development projects. It also provides consultancy services and an analysis center to support national and international initiatives.

Pan-African University of the Congo


UPAC was officially established on 7 January 2010, by Ministerial Decree No. 004/MINESU/CABMIN/MNL/DESP/KOB/2010. Spanning an area of 1,800 square meters, the university commenced its academic activities on 12 November 2011, with three foundational faculties: Law, Economics and Management, and Science and Technology, as well as a specialized program in Architecture. UPAC became the first university in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to adopt the Bachelor-Master-Doctorate (LMD) system.

Pan-African University of the Congo


The inaugural academic year, 2011–2012, was officially declared open by the university's first rector, Professor Willy Moke-Sangol Bongo Pasi, during a conference held on the opening day. The university, in line with Minister Léonard Mashako Mamba's vision for modernizing Congolese universities, began with 200 students per class.

Pan-African University of the Congo


On 16 September 2014, UPAC initiated the construction of a second second campus at 12th Street No. 45 in the Cité-Verte neighborhood of Selembao. At this juncture, academic programs were restructured into two primary faculties: the Faculty of Science and Technology, which encompasses Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Computer Engineering, and the Faculty of Human Sciences, comprising departments of Law and Economics. In 2015, it introduced the Faculty of Health Sciences and the Faculty of Information and Communication Sciences.

Pan-African University of the Congo


Organization and trainings

Pan-African University of the Congo


UPAC's governance consists of three central components. The board of directors establishes the university's policies, sanctions the budget, and oversees key decisions. The management committee is responsible for managing daily operations, academic policies, and the quality of university life. The scientific council guides the research focus, supervises publications, and promotes and disseminates research outcomes.

Pan-African University of the Congo


The training structure in the LMD system is divided into cycles, beginning with the first cycle, which awards the bachelor's degree. This degree prioritizes interdisciplinary studies and progressive development, consisting of three phases. The first phase, lasting the first two semesters, includes introductory and exploratory courses common to a group of subjects, assisting students in adjusting to university life. The second phase deepens basic knowledge in the chosen field and introduces specialization during the 3rd and 4th semesters. The final stage focuses on specialized courses and culminates in the preparation of an end-of-studies dissertation, internship report, or project, depending on the program's objectives. The bachelor's degree is granted to students who fulfill all academic requirements and accumulate 180 credits (30 per semester). At the end of the six semesters, most students (80%) join the workforce, while a minority may pursue further studies through specialization or research pathways, leading to a master's degree or doctorate. Mechanisms for monitoring and ensuring training quality must be identified and implemented at appropriate intervals.

Pan-African University of the Congo


The second cycle, leading to the master's degree, concentrates on specialization with objectives directed at professional or research-oriented outcomes. The master's program usually comprises two stages: a preparatory stage covering fundamental sector knowledge to define key skills and professional profiles, and a specialization phase in which students refine their expertise and engage in scientific research. The program requires the completion of 120 credits (30 per semester), with the final requirement being the submission and defense of a master's thesis before a committee.

Pan-African University of the Congo


Continuing education is also integral, with programs designed to respond to the ever-changing needs of professionals and the job market. These programs are developed in collaboration with companies, unions, NGOs, and other stakeholders to address workforce needs and career advancement. The programs aim to provide career-focused training to meet job market demands and facilitate career reconversions. Training is categorized into short-term programs (seminars, colloquiums, and conferences lasting 3 days to 3 months), medium-term programs (refresher and advanced training lasting 1 to 6 months), and long-term programs (lasting 1 to 2 years).

Pan-African University of the Congo


Faculty of Science and Technology

Pan-African University of the Congo


Faculty of Human Sciences

Pan-African University of the Congo


Faculty of Health Sciences

Pan-African University of the Congo


Faculty of Information and Communication Sciences

Pan-African University of the Congo


University of Lubumbashi

Pan-African University of the Congo


University of Kisangani

Pan-African University of the Congo


University of Kinshasa

Pan-African University of the Congo


Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Pan-African University of the Congo


Official website Archived 2017-12-09 at the Wayback Machine

Pan-African University of the Congo


The Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure (DCAL; Irish: An Roinn Cultúir, Ealaíon agus Fóillíochta; Ulster Scots: Männystrie o Fowkgates, Airts an Aisedom) was a devolved government department in the Northern Ireland Executive. The minister with overall responsibility for the department was the Minister of Culture, Arts and Leisure.

Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure (Northern Ireland)


After the election to the Northern Ireland Assembly in 2016, the DCAL was closed and its roles and functions were amalgamated with other departments in order to reduce the size of the Northern Ireland Executive.


DCAL's overall vision was a "confident, creative, informed and healthy society". It described its mission as delivering economic growth and enhancing the quality of life in Northern Ireland by "unlocking the full potential of the culture, arts and leisure sectors."


The last Minister was Carál Ní Chuilín (Sinn Féin). The Minister was, by virtue of office, the Keeper of the Records for Northern Ireland.


The department had the following main responsibilities:


the distribution of National Lottery funding;


the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (PRONI); and


Broadcasting, intellectual property and the administration of the National Lottery are reserved to Westminster and are therefore not devolved.


DCAL's main counterparts in the United Kingdom Government were:


the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS);


the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (on inland fisheries); and


the National Archives (on public records).


Its main counterparts in the Irish Government were:


the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (on the Irish language);


the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government (on public libraries);


the Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport;


the Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources (on inland fisheries).


Following a referendum on the Belfast Agreement on 23 May 1998 and the granting of royal assent to the Northern Ireland Act 1998 on 19 November 1998, a Northern Ireland Assembly and Northern Ireland Executive were established by the United Kingdom Government under Prime Minister Tony Blair. The process was known as devolution and was set up to return devolved legislative powers to Northern Ireland. DCAL was one of five new devolved Northern Ireland departments created in December 1999 by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 and the Departments (Northern Ireland) Order 1999.


A devolved minister first took office on 2 December 1999.  Devolution was suspended for four periods, during which the department came under the responsibility of direct rule ministers from the Northern Ireland Office:


between 12 February 2000 and 30 May 2000;


on 22 September 2001;


between 15 October 2002 and 8 May 2007.


Under the St Andrews Agreement (signed 13 October 2006), the Executive is obliged to adopt strategies on enhancing and protecting the development of the Irish language and enhancing and developing Ulster Scots language, heritage and culture. The agreement also committed the United Kingdom Government to introducing "an Irish Language Act reflecting on the experience of Wales and Ireland". Welsh and Irish are official languages in those respective countries.


Language policy was devolved, alongside the department's other responsibilities, on 8 May 2007.  As of March 2012, neither an Irish language strategy or act, nor an Ulster Scots strategy, had been adopted. The department stated that a Strategy for Indigenous or Regional Minority Languages would "be presented to the Executive in due course".


Ministers of Culture, Arts and Leisure


Direct rule ministers


During the periods of suspension, the following ministers of the Northern Ireland Office were responsible for the department:


George Howarth MP (2000)


Angela Smith MP (2002–2005)


David Hanson MP (2005–2006)


Maria Eagle MP (2006–2007)


Committee for Culture, Arts and Leisure (Northern Ireland Assembly)


List of government ministers in Northern Ireland


DCAL Archived 3 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine


"The Departments (Northern Ireland) Order 1999" (PDF). (37.0 KB)


Uh Huh Her is an American indie/rock/electropop band that was formed in January 2006. The band's name came from an album by artist PJ Harvey, titled Uh Huh Her.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Camila Grey (lead vocals, guitar, keyboard), former member of the lo-fi rock band Mellowdrone, had not released any solo material prior to joining Uh Huh Her; however, she had played bass and keyboards for a variety of artists, such as Dr. Dre, Melissa Auf der Maur, Busta Rhymes, and Kelly Osbourne. She was also a member of Adam Lambert's live band (keyboardist).

Uh Huh Her (band)


Leisha Hailey (backing vocals, bass, keyboard), formerly of The Murmurs and Gush, had temporarily left the music business to join the cast of Showtime's series The L Word as the character Alice Pieszecki, with the band forming during filming of the final seasons of the show.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Originally, drummer Alicia Warrington had been Uh Huh Her's third member; however, she separated from the group early on.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Uh Huh Her is generally still regarded as a duo, with the only official members being Camila Grey and Leisha Hailey despite both being opened to evolving.

Uh Huh Her (band)


The band members considered changing their name to UHH (pronunciation "U-H-H"), as opposed to the full "Uh Huh Her", believing the original name looked good in written form, but was awkward to pronounce.

Uh Huh Her (band)


2006–2009: I See Red and Common Reaction

Uh Huh Her (band)


The band formed in 2006, when Camilia Grey and Leisha Hailey met at a paint ball game.  The band recorded their first project I See Red EP, released on July 24, 2007, in Camila Grey's house.

Uh Huh Her (band)


I See Red includes a version of the song "Say So", the first song the band wrote together, in which Hailey sang lead vocals (the later release of the song had Grey singing lead). I See Red was initially released digitally with limited amounts of hard copies, with a bonus track available on hard copies and on iTunes.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Uh Huh Her's debut album Common Reaction was released on August 19, 2008, after a delay. Both "Explode" and "Say So" were released for a second time on the full-length album as both members felt the songs deserved to be more polished.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Common Reaction, which was recorded in Westside Pacific Studio, charted at number 9 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Uh Huh Her was dropped from Nettwerk in 2009, with Camilia Grey stating that they still owe them money.

Uh Huh Her (band)


2010–2012: label change, new music, and touring

Uh Huh Her (band)


Since making the switch to an independent label, a lack of funding (and Grey's tour with Adam Lambert) put a halt on the immediate release of the second full-length album. To fill the gap between albums, the band released their second EP, Black and Blue on April 19, 2011. The release fell just prior to the band's second major tour, so that they would have new material for fans to purchase.  They also headlined at the SXSW Music Festival. The entire six-track EP was recorded and produced in under two weeks.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Nocturnes, Uh Huh Her's second studio album, was eventually released on October 11, 2011. Grey wrote "Human Nature", "Wake To Sleep" and "Darkness Is" independently ("Darkness Is" was originally titled "Never Absolute") while Hailey wrote "Debris" on her own, and she has said on several occasions that the song is about phone sex. "Wake To Sleep" was written about the process of making the album, and refers to the differing sleeping habits of the band members. "Criminal" was written about the band's experience splitting with their former record label and managers.  Uh Huh Her made their first TV appearance when they appeared on Jimmy Kimmel.

Uh Huh Her (band)


The third EP was released on December 11, 2012, and as a cdr exclusively sold through Amazon, and features reworked, acoustic versions of "Debris", "I See Red", "Black and Blue", "Not a Love Song", "Common Reaction", and "Philosophy," with Camila Grey stating ".....The EP is different because it was recorded with the intention of being acoustic.  We essentially took old songs and revamped them and recorded some live, some with a full band, and some with just a piano and vocal.  Its unique because we're known for being really electro, and in this case it's the opposite, very organic and pared down." In this version of "Debris", Grey sings lead vocals (as opposed to Hailey, who wrote the song).

Uh Huh Her (band)


2013–2014: Future Souls

Uh Huh Her (band)


In 2013, Camilia and Leisha moved their record studio into their home, with Leisha saying "We didn't have to rush ourselves with any sort of deadlines. Everything was created within these four walls."

Uh Huh Her (band)


On January 20, 2014, the band started accepting pre-orders for a new album called Future Souls available on March 25, 2014, with the cover being designed by Zavier Schipani. The lead single, titled "Innocence", was made available on iTunes on February 4, 2014. The second single, "It's Chemical", was made available on March 4, 2014. Future Souls was released on iTunes and other digital providers on March 25, 2014. The band will be touring in support of the album from April 27 through the end of June, across the US and Canada.

Uh Huh Her (band)


In 2016, Camilia Grey and Leisha Hailey decided to take a break from Uh Huh Her, stating ".....We decided after our "Future Souls" tour to take time off to pursue other endeavors. You could officially say we are on a "hiatus" of sorts. We feel like we needed to take this break to bring some new magic into our music and give our other loves some attention...Leisha has been back to acting, Camila has joined another indie band called "Summer Moon" and is working on many solo side projects and DJing and Josh is currently a Zen Buddha Yogi Master teaching others the art of meditation and mindfulness in addition to being the best drummer ever......"

Uh Huh Her (band)


The songs "Same High" and "Human Nature" were both originally written for films (The Kids Are All Right and Twilight, respectively... although "Human Nature" was not included in the Twilight movie).

Uh Huh Her (band)


Uh Huh Her appeared uncredited as performers in Awkward and Privileged while the song "Same High" appeared in the movie Breaking the Girls.

Uh Huh Her (band)


"No Sacrifice" and "Time Stands Still" were featured on the American television show The Secret Circle. "Say So" was featured on the soundtrack to the 2009 movie Hotel for Dogs.

Uh Huh Her (band)


In 2017, their song "Explode" was featured in The Carmilla Movie, based on the web series of the same name.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Common Reaction tour: The first major tour was from October 17, 2008, until November 18, 2008, after the release of Common Reaction. The tour consisted 19 tour dates, mostly in the US, with a few shows in Canada and one in the UK.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Black and Blue tour: The second major tour (commonly referred to as the "Black and Blue Tour" or "B&B Tour") went from March 14, 2011, until May 19, 2011. This tour included 39 shows across the US and Canada.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Keep a Breast tour: The third major tour was in association with the Keep A Breast Foundation (and is appropriately referred to as the "Keep A Breast Tour" or "KAB Tour"). It featured 21 tour dates in the US and Canada, from October 8, 2011, until November 6, 2011.

Uh Huh Her (band)


European tour: The fourth major tour took place from April 13–24, 2012, and included 10 tour dates across Europe. It has sometimes been referred to as the "UK Tour", despite several shows in the Netherlands/Germany. Unlike previous tours, the European tour did not feature a lead guitarist, and they also chose to perform several songs acoustically.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Future Souls tour: The fifth major tour took place from April 27, 2014, until July 2, 2014. It consisted of 45 tour dates in the US and Canada. This tour featured DJ Kim Anh as an opening act.

Uh Huh Her (band)


Common Reaction (2008)

Uh Huh Her (band)


Black and Blue (2011)

Uh Huh Her (band)


"Not A Love Song" (2008)

Uh Huh Her (band)


"Another Case" (2011)

Uh Huh Her (band)


"Wake To Sleep" (2012)

Uh Huh Her (band)


"Human Nature" (2012)

Uh Huh Her (band)


When Midnight Strikes (French: Quand minuit sonnera) is a 1936 French-Dutch crime drama film directed by Léo Joannon and starring Marie Bell, Pierre Renoir and Roger Karl. It was adapted by Alfred Machard from his own novel of the same title. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jacques-Laurent Atthalin. A separate Dutch-language version Klokslag twaalf was also produced.

When Midnight Strikes


Marie Bell as 	Mattia

When Midnight Strikes


Pierre Renoir as 	Jean Verdier

When Midnight Strikes


Roger Karl as 	Rouque

When Midnight Strikes


René Bergeron as 	Le capitaine

When Midnight Strikes


Simone Barillier as Régine

When Midnight Strikes


Thomy Bourdelle as Eric Schutz

When Midnight Strikes


Lucien Callamand as Le maître d'hôtel

When Midnight Strikes


Bessy, Maurice & Chirat, Raymond. Histoire du cinéma français: 1935-1939. Pygmalion, 1986.

When Midnight Strikes


Crisp, Colin. Genre, Myth and Convention in the French Cinema, 1929-1939. Indiana University Press, 2002.

When Midnight Strikes


Rège, Philippe. Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Volume 1. Scarecrow Press, 2009.

When Midnight Strikes


When Midnight Strikes at IMDb

When Midnight Strikes


The Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017 (Cth) is an act of the Parliament of Australia, which legalises same-sex marriage in Australia by amending the Marriage Act 1961 to allow marriage between two persons of marriageable age, regardless of their gender.


Introduced as a private member's bill by Western Australian senator Dean Smith of the Liberal Party following the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey, the bill passed the Parliament on 7 December 2017. It received royal assent on the following day and came into effect on 9 December 2017.


Same-sex marriage legislation had been presented to the Parliament of Australia on 22 occasions between September 2004 and May 2017, though on each occasion the legislation failed to pass either the House of Representatives or the Senate. These attempts followed the Howard government's 2004 amendment to the Marriage Act 1961 which explicitly defined marriage as a union between only a man and a woman and banned the recognition of same-sex marriages conducted lawfully in foreign jurisdictions. Prior to the legalisation of same-sex marriage, same-sex relationships could only be treated as de facto unions under federal law. These unions provide couples with most, though not all, of the legal rights of marriage, although those rights may be difficult to assert and are not always recognised in practice.


The Malcolm Turnbull-led Liberal/National government went to the July 2016 federal election promising to put the issue of same-sex marriage to a national vote, in the form of a plebiscite. Despite narrowly winning the election, the government could not pass the legislation to establish the plebiscite in the Senate and so eventually decided to conduct a voluntary postal survey of all Australians on the electoral roll. Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull pledged the government would facilitate the passage of a private member's bill in the event of a "Yes" result in favour of same-sex marriage, which occurred when the results of the survey were announced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics on 15 November 2017.


On the day the postal results were released, Liberal Party Senator Dean Smith, an openly gay backbencher in the government, introduced the Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Bill 2017 into the Senate. Smith's bill had been publicly released earlier in August, during the midst of a divisive internal effort in the Liberal Party to change policy and vote on same-sex marriage legislation without conducting a national vote.


The bill itself was the result of a cross-party effort following the reporting of a Senate committee in February 2017 which investigated how a same-sex marriage law with religious freedoms incorporated in it might operate.


Several months later, Smith published a draft of the bill which would later be the one to be introduced to the Parliament in November. The bill was formally introduced into the Parliament and read for a first time on 15 November 2017. Chief among the bill's reforms is the amendment of the definition of the word "marriage" in the Marriage Act, replacing "a man and a woman" with "a union of 2 people", as well as the repeal of Section 88EA of the Act, which bans the recognition of same-sex marriages lawfully entered into in foreign jurisdictions. This means that same-sex couples who married in foreign jurisdictions automatically have their marriages recognised in Australia. In accordance with the recommendation of the Senate committee report, the bill creates a new category of marriage celebrants in Australia, the "religious marriage celebrant", who is protected from being required to solemnise any marriage. Additionally, religious bodies and organisations established for a religious purpose are exempt from being required to provide facilities or goods or services for a marriage ceremony that conflicts with their faith.