Time is a major factor to consider in testing.

ACT (test)


The ACT is generally regarded as being composed of somewhat easier questions versus the SAT, but the shorter time allotted to complete each section increases difficulty. The ACT allows:

ACT (test)


45 minutes for a 75-question English section

ACT (test)


60 minutes for a 60-question Mathematics section

ACT (test)


35 minutes for a 40-question Reading section

ACT (test)


35 minutes for a 40-question Science section

ACT (test)


Comparatively, the SAT is structured such that the test taker is allowed at least one minute per question, on generally shorter sections (25 or fewer questions). Times may be adjusted as a matter of accommodation for certain disabilities or other impairments.

ACT (test)


National ranks (score cumulative percentages)

ACT (test)


Score reports provided to students taking the ACT test include the ranks (or cumulative percents) for each score and subscore received by the student. Each rank gives the percentage of recently tested students in the U.S. who scored at or below the given student's score. The following table shows the ACT national ranks as of the 2020-21 school year.

ACT (test)


Concordance of ACT and SAT scores

ACT (test)


The College Board (the developer of the SAT) and ACT, Inc. compared scores from about 600,000 students who were graduating in 2017 and who took both the SAT (2016 revision) and the ACT in 2016 and 2017. The following table shows, for each ACT composite score in the data set, the corresponding range of SAT total scores for students with the same percentile rank on each test. The most appropriate corresponding SAT score point for the given ACT score is also shown in the table.

ACT (test)


Score cumulative percentages and comparison with pre-2016 SAT

ACT (test)


The data in this section pertains to the SAT prior to the 2016 redesign. Comparisons to SAT scores are not valid after the 2017 graduating class.

ACT (test)


Sixty percent—about 2.03 million students—of the 2017 high school graduating class took the ACT. For the graduating class of 2017, the average composite score was a 21.0. Of these test-takers, 46% were male and 52% were female, with 2% not reporting a gender. 2,760 students in the graduating class of 2017 received the highest ACT composite score of 36.

ACT (test)


The following chart shows, for each ACT score from 11 to 36, the corresponding ACT percentile and equivalent total SAT score or score range. (Concordance data for ACT scores less than 11 is not yet available for the current version of the SAT.) Note that ACT percentiles are defined as the percentage of test takers scoring at or below the given score.

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Score vs Percentile for English Section

ACT (test)


Score vs Percentile for Mathematics Section

ACT (test)


Score vs Percentile for Reading Section

ACT (test)


Score vs Percentile for Science Section

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ACT (for-profit organization)#Other ACT programs

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College admissions in the United States

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Global Assessment Certificate

ACT (test)


List of admission tests to colleges and universities

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Math–verbal achievement gap

ACT (test)


2019 college admissions bribery scandal

ACT (test)


Linda Morand (born May 26, 1946) is an American fashion model, cover-girl and haute couture mannequin during the 1960s and 1970s. She appeared in national ads, magazine covers, TV commercials and national catalogs. She became a fashion archivist and consultant.

Linda Morand


Morand was born in Lindenhurst, Long Island. She was discovered by Eileen Ford in late 1965 while studying art in New York City and groomed into a top model for the Ford Agency. Appearing on the fashion scene at the same time as Twiggy she was noted for making up very unusual poses and participating in futuristic fashion layouts including light shows, robots, super-heroes, computers and James Bond type spy take-offs.

Linda Morand


Morand is known for her resemblance to the former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy. Noted columnist Marian Christy wrote about a meeting of the two women in a 1971 Boston Globe article, "Resemblance to Jackie Pays Off", which  helped to further Morand's career:

Linda Morand


"Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and Linda Morand recently met at that chic New York "dive" where Lost Weekend [sic] was filmed: P. J. Clarke's, and the two eyed each other suspiciously. There was every reason for the prolonged glance! of cool appraisal. The two are look-alikes 21-year-old Linda being the younger, prettier version. Linda, a successful Ford model who hails from a little town on Long Island, now is one of Europe's top models with her face currently, gracing the pages and covers of the slickest fashion, magazines, such as Italian Vogue, Elle and Jardin de la Mode."

Linda Morand


In 1966  Vidal Sassoon’s, stylist, Christopher Pluck created her signature style, a closely cropped asymmetric cut. Linda Morand appeared in international magazines including Vogue, Glamour, Mademoiselle, Teen, and Elle.  She also modeled for Lilly Pulitzer. In 1966, with photographer Gösta Peterson, she created images for Conde Nast.

Linda Morand


In the Sixties  Morand was contracted to walk the runways of Paris and appear in the pages of the European fashion magazines, such as Elle, Marie Claire and ''Vogue. Her modeling career took her on assignments throughout the fashion capitals of Europe, including Paris, Milan, Munich and Barcelona. She was muse to Pierre Cardin, who contracted with her to walk the runway and appear in fashion photos.

Linda Morand


Morand was based in Rome through 1969 modeling for fashion houses Valentino, Pucci and Roberto Capucci and playing small parts in a few Italian movies and TV shows. Shortly after her marriage to French actor Philippe Forquet in 1970, her husband became a teen idol starring as General Lafayette in a prime time historical mini-series for ABC called The Young Rebels.

Linda Morand


By 1974 her modeling assignments included walking the catwalks of the major European haute couture designers including Pierre Cardin, Jean Patou, Karl Lagerfeld, Emanuel Ungaro, Paco Rabanne, Chanel and Valentino.

Linda Morand


Helmut Newton shot a ten-page spread for Vogue Paris with Morand made up in a satirical reportage type layout that seemed like she was really Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. The pictures caused such a stir that Richard Avedon sent a telegram of congratulation, and said Jackie was ready to sue. This incident calmed down when it was pointed out that Linda Morand's name was mentioned in the article. This led to additional assignments throughout Europe. Hans Feurer photographed her for several  layouts in Italian Vogue, Marie Claire, Mode International.

Linda Morand


MODEL:The Ugly Business of Beautiful Women by Michael Gross - 1995 Morrow pp. 292 – 293.

Linda Morand


Made You Look by Denise Bella Vlasis ISBN 1-928739-00-8 THRILLENNIUM BOOKS- Publisher

Linda Morand


Double Take by Devon Cass and John Filemon Publisher: ReganBooks; 1st ed edition (January 1998)

Linda Morand


Stylist  The Interpreters of Fashion - Style.com -  Rizzoli Publishing 2008 pg.122 Joe Zee

Linda Morand


Icons of Fashion The 20th Century - Prestel Publishing, Inc. 2005 Pictured on page 89 wearing Cardin.

Linda Morand


"For Sports Illustrated autograph hound, no sign from this cover girl - latimes.com". Los Angeles Times. 16 July 2013. Retrieved 2014-02-14.

Linda Morand


miniMadMOD60s Fashion Archives

Linda Morand


Linda Morand at IMDb

Linda Morand


Celebrity Supermodel Signs with Fairchild International

Linda Morand


Rosemary Brown (born 1970) is an American politician. A Republican, she is a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate representing the 40th district since 2023. She previously served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives representing the 189th district from 2011-2022.

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


Early life and education

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


Brown graduated from East Stroudsburg High School and holds a bachelor's degree in communications from the University of Scranton.

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


Prior to becoming a legislator, Brown worked as an assistant buyer for Macy's and as an executive sales manager for Macy’s, Saks Fifth Avenue, and The Bon-Ton stores. Brown then began working in pharmaceutical sales for Hoffmann-La Roche and Vistakon, which is a branch of Johnson & Johnson.

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


The 2019-20 legislative session marks her fifth term representing the people of the 189th District in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Brown was first elected to represent the 189th district in the Pennsylvania House of Representative in November 2010.

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


She served as a deputy whip for the House Republican Caucus and as a member of the House Appropriations, Education, Professional Licensure and Transportation committees.

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


Brown announced she would run for the Pennsylvania State Senate and not seek re-election to the House in 2022.

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


For the 2025-2026 Session Brown serves on the following committees in the State Senate:

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


Community, Economic & Recreational Development (Chair)

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


Local Government (Vice Chair)

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


Consumer Protection & Professional Licensure

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


Brown resides in Middle Smithfield Township with her husband, Joe, and their three children.

Rosemary Brown (American politician)


Cristiano de Melo Araújo (January 24, 1986 – June 24, 2015) was a Brazilian singer-songwriter.

Cristiano Araújo


Araújo was known for the singles "Efeitos" (2011), "Você mudou" (2012), "Maus bocados" (2013), "Cê que sabe" and "É com ela que eu estou" (both in 2014). After his album Efeitos in 2011 and live álbum/ DVD Ao Vivo em Goiânia in 2012, he released his solo studio album Continua in 2013. In 2014, he released his third live album In The Cities – Ao Vivo em Cuiabá. Araújo was signed to the Brazilian Som Livre record label.

Cristiano Araújo


From early childhood in Goiás, Cristiano Araújo was influenced by sertanejo. Araújo came from a musically inclined family, containing four generations of musicians and singers. His parents João Reis and Zenaide Melo encouraged and supported him in his conquest for a musical career and bought him his first guitar at 6 years old. By age 9, he was putting on public performances and shows. At 10 years old, he was composing songs.

Cristiano Araújo


At age 13 he recorded his first EP and performed it during a popular Brazilian TV show, Festival do Faustão. His album was released and quickly shot up to the No. 6 spot in local "região centro oeste" (the midwest) charts. He was then offered the opportunity to include one of his songs in a popular "young talents" or "Jovens Talentos" CD, which would open chances for publicity all over the country.

Cristiano Araújo


With sister Ana Cristina

Cristiano Araújo


In the years to come, Araújo would appear on television shows and main events. At 17, he formed a duo with his twin sister Ana Cristina. For the next 6 years six years, they would record many songs and perform together. However, they failed to achieve much commercial success and were only known locally.

Cristiano Araújo


In 2010, at age 24, Araujo decided shift to a solo career. He began to have appearances and features with well-established sertanejo artists and duos in preparation for a live CD and DVD. In early 2011, he released a solo album Efeitos with appearances by Gusttavo Lima, Humberto & Ronaldo and by Jorge (from the duo Jorge & Mateus). With encouragement from Jorge (duo Jorge & Mateus), a long time friend, Araújo decided to follow up his newly founded popularity with a country wide tour. In the peak of the tour, he performed an average of 20 shows per month in front of large crowds and sold-out venues. Within a one-year (2011–12) he performed 117 shows.

Cristiano Araújo


Araújo ended up being invited to the talk show Domingão do Faustão. This opened up doors for Brazilian appearances at places such as the Sertanejo Pop Festival 2012 held in São Paulo, followed by a live album and DVD Ao Vivo em Goiânia with collaborations from well-known acts like Bruno e Marrone, Fernando & Sorocaba, Israel & Rodolffo and João Reis amongst others.

Cristiano Araújo


In 2013, he released his first studio album Continua.

Cristiano Araújo


In 2014, he released his last DVD titled In The Cities, this being held in Cuiabá (Mato Grosso). The DVD has more than 40 tons of equipment structure. One piece of news revealed is an application launched exclusively – a partnership between the American CIA and Hit Music – which will provide a direct interaction with the audience. In the record of this megaespetáculo is the special participation of international artist Ian Thomas, who is 17 years old.

Cristiano Araújo


Araújo, 29, and his girlfriend, Allana Moraes, 19, died in the early morning of June 24, 2015 when the car they were riding in veered off the road and rolled over on the highway BR-153 at km 614, between Morrinhos and Pontalina in Goiás. The accident occurred around 3:30 am, as he was returning from a concert in Itumbiara when his body guard/driver lost control of the car – 2015 Range Rover Sport HSE SD V6. There have been few details released to the public as to what caused the driver to be distracted. However, alcohol or falling asleep were not the factors. Speed (179 km/h on a limited to 110 km/h road), welded rims and lack of safety were factors. The driver and Araujo's manager (who was in the passenger seat) were using seat belts and suffered only minor injuries.

Cristiano Araújo


Araújo was sleeping upon Moraes's lap and were in the back seat, without their seat belts. During the crash, Araújo and Moraes were thrown out of the car, causing Araújo severe injuries. Moraes was pronounced dead on the scene from blunt cerebral trauma. Araujo had been stabilized in a municipal hospital, but he did not endure the transfer to a larger, more effective hospital – Hospital de Urgências de Goiânia (Hugo) – and was pronounced dead upon arrival at the trauma center.

Cristiano Araújo


The wake was on the same day of his death and was public, so fans could pay respects and mourn. Araújo and Moraes were buried the following day in the same cemetery.

Cristiano Araújo


2011–2012: Efeitos Tour

Cristiano Araújo


2013–2014: Continua Tour

Cristiano Araújo


2014: In The USA Tour

Cristiano Araújo


2014–2015: In The Cities Tour

Cristiano Araújo


A peace treaty is an agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually countries or governments, which formally ends a state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice, which is an agreement to stop hostilities; a surrender, in which an army agrees to give up arms; or a ceasefire or truce, in which the parties may agree to temporarily or permanently stop fighting.

Peace treaty


The need for a peace treaty in diplomacy arises from the fact that even when a war is actually over and fighting has ceased, the legal and political state of war is not automatically terminated upon the end of actual fighting and the belligerent parties are still legally defined as enemies. This is evident from the definition of a "state of war" as "a legal state created and ended by official declaration regardless of actual armed hostilities and usually characterized by operation of the rules of war". As a result, even when hostilities are over, a peace treaty is required for the former belligerents in order to reach an, agreement on all issues involved in transition to a legal state of peace. The skill of negotiating a peace treaty in the modern era has been referred to by legal scholar Christine Bell as the lex pacificatoria, with a peace treaty potentially contributing to the legal framework governing the post conflict period, or jus post bellum.

Peace treaty


Since 1950, the rate at which interstate wars end with a formal peace treaty has substantially declined.

Peace treaty


Elements of treaties

Peace treaty


The content of a treaty usually depends on the nature of the conflict being concluded. In the case of large conflicts between numerous parties, international treaty covering all issues or separate treaties signed between each party.

Peace treaty


There are many possible issues that may be included in a peace treaty such as the following:

Peace treaty


Formal designation of borders

Peace treaty


Processes for resolving future disputes

Peace treaty


Access to and apportioning of resources

Peace treaty


Status of prisoners of war

Peace treaty


Settling of existing debts

Peace treaty


Defining of as unjust behavior

Peace treaty


The re-application of existing treaties

Peace treaty


In modern history, certain intractable conflict situations may be brought to a ceasefire before they are dealt with via a peace process in which a number of discrete steps are taken on each side to reach the mutually-desired eventual goal of peace and the signing of a treaty.

Peace treaty


Role of the United Nations

Peace treaty


Since its founding after World War II the United Nations has sought to act as a forum for resolution in matters of international conflict. A number of international treaties and obligations are involved in which member states seek to limit and control behavior during wartime. The action of declaring war is now very unlikely to be undertaken.

Peace treaty


Peace treaty under the United Nations

Peace treaty


Since the end of World War II, United Nations Charter Article 2 restricts the use of military force. The UN Charter allows only two exceptions: "military measures by UN Security Council resolutions" and "exercise of self-defense" in countries subjected to armed attacks in relation to the use of force by states. Under the current UN system, war is triggered only by the enforcement of military measures under UN Security Council resolutions or the exercise of self-defense rights against illegal armed attacks.

Peace treaty


Therefore, if the use of military force arises, it is called 'international armed conflict' instead of 'war'. The fact that the current international law system avoids the use of the term 'war' also avoids the conclusion of a peace treaty based on the existence of war. A peace treaty was not signed after the end of the Iraq War in 2003, and only the UN Security Council Resolution 1483, adopted on May 22, 2003, stipulated the postwar regime for the stability and security of Iraq exclusively.

Peace treaty


Post-conflict elections

Peace treaty


One of the UN's roles in peace processes is to conduct post-conflict elections but, on the whole, they are thought to have no effect, or even a negative effect, on peace after civil war.

Peace treaty


However, when peace agreements transform rebel groups into political parties, the effect on peace is positive, especially if international interveners use their moments of power distribution to hold the former combatants to the terms of their peace agreement.

Peace treaty


Historic peace treaties

Peace treaty


Probably the earliest recorded peace treaty, although it is rarely mentioned or remembered, was between the Hittite Empire and the Hayasa-Azzi confederation, around 1350 BC. More famously, one of the earliest recorded peace treaties was concluded between the Hittite and the Egyptian Empires after 1274 BC Battle of Kadesh (see Egyptian-Hittite peace treaty). The battle took place in what is modern-day Syria, the entire Levant being at that time contested between the two empires. After an extremely costly four-day battle, in which neither side gained a substantial advantage, both sides claimed victory. The lack of resolution led to further conflict between Egypt and the Hittites, with Ramesses II capturing the city of Kadesh and Amurru in his 8th year as king. However, the prospect of further protracted conflict between the two states eventually persuaded both their rulers, Hatusiliš III and Ramesses, to end their dispute and sign a peace treaty. Neither side could afford the possibility of a longer conflict since they were threatened by other enemies: Egypt was faced with the task of defending its long western border with Libya against the incursion of Libyan tribesmen by building a chain of fortresses stretching from Mersa Matruh to Rakotis, and the Hittites faced a more formidable threat in the form of the Assyrian Empire, which "had conquered Hanigalbat, the heartland of Mitanni, between the Tigris and the Euphrates" rivers, which had previously been a Hittite vassal state.

Peace treaty


The peace treaty was recorded in two versions, one in Egyptian hieroglyphs, and the other in Akkadian using cuneiform script; both versions survive. Such dual-language recording is common to many subsequent treaties. The treaty differs from others, however, in that the two language versions are worded differently. Although the majority of the text is identical, the Hittite version claims that the Egyptians came suing for peace, and the Egyptian version claims the reverse. The treaty was given to the Egyptians in the form of a silver plaque, and the "pocket-book" version was taken back to Egypt and carved into the Temple of Karnak.

Peace treaty


The Treaty was concluded between Ramesses II and Hatusiliš III in the twenty-first year of Ramesses' reign (c. 1258 BC). Its eighteen articles call for peace between Egypt and Hatti and then proceed to maintain that their respective people also demand peace. It contains many elements found in more modern treaties, but it is more far-reaching than later treaties' simple declaration of the end of hostilities. It also contains a mutual-assistance pact in case one of the empires should be attacked by a third party or in the event of internal strife. There are articles pertaining to the forced repatriation of refugees and provisions that they should not be harmed, which might be thought of as the first extradition treaty. There are also threats of retribution, should the treaty be broken.

Peace treaty


The treaty is considered of such importance in the field of international relations that a replica of it hangs in the UN's headquarters.

Peace treaty


Following the five years' war between Kushite Kandake, Amanirenas and Augustus of Rome, a peace treaty was conducted in the year 21/20 BC. Mediators were sent from Kush to Augustus who was in Samos at that time. An entente between the two parties was beneficial to both. The Kushites were a regional power in their own right and resented paying tribute. The Romans also sought a quiet southern border for their absolutely essential Egyptian grain supplies, without constant war commitments, and welcomed a friendly buffer state in a border region beset with raiding nomads. The Kushites too appear to have found nomads like the Blemmyes to be a problem.  The conditions were ripe for a deal. During negotiations, Augustus granted the Kushite envoys all they asked for, and also cancelled the tribute earlier demanded by Rome. Premmis (Qasr Ibrim), and areas north of Qasr Ibrim in the southern portion of the "Thirty-Mile Strip" were ceded to the Kushites. The Dodekaschoinos was established as a buffer zone, and Roman forces were pulled back to the old Greek Ptolemaic border at Maharraqa.  Roman emperor Augustus signed the treaty with the Kushites on Samos. The settlement bought Rome peace and quiet on its Egyptian frontier, as well as increased the prestige of Roman Emperor Augustus, demonstrating his skill and ability to broker peace without constant warfare, and do business with the distant Kushites, who a short time earlier had been fighting his troops. The respect accorded the emperor by the Kushite envoys as the treaty also created a favorable impression with other foreign ambassadors present on Samos, including envoys from India, and strengthened Augustus' hand in upcoming negotiations with the powerful Parthians.  The settlement ushered in a period of peace between the two empires for around three centuries. Inscriptions erected by Queen Amanirenas on an ancient temple at Hamadab, south of Meroe, record the war and the favorable outcome from the Kushite perspective. Along with his signature on the official treaty, Roman emperor Augustus marked the agreement by directing his administrators to collaborate with regional priests in the erection of a temple at Dendur, and inscriptions depict the emperor himself celebrating local deities.

Peace treaty


Famous examples include the Treaty of Paris (1815), signed after Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, and the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the First World War between Germany and the Allies. Despite popular belief, the war did not end completely until the Allies concluded peace with the Ottoman Empire in 1919 at the Treaty of Sèvres, and even then the reaction to this treaty caused the outbreak of the Turkish War of Independence. Upon the victory of the Turkish National Movement in that conflict and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne, the last major diplomatic extension of the First World War came to an end.

Peace treaty


The Treaty of Versailles, as well as the Kellogg-Briand Pact, is possibly the most notorious of peace treaties, and is blamed by many historians for the rise of Nazism in Germany and the eventual outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. The costly reparations that Germany was forced to pay the victors, the fact that Germany had to accept sole responsibility for starting the war, and the harsh restrictions on German rearmament were all listed in the Treaty of Versailles and caused massive resentment in Germany. Whether or not the treaty can be blamed for starting another war, it exemplifies the difficulties involved in making peace. However, no such conflict resulted from the more punitive settlement with the Ottoman Empire.

Peace treaty


Another famous example would be the series of peace treaties known as the Peace of Westphalia. It initiated modern diplomacy, involving the modern system of nation-states. Subsequent wars were no longer over religion but revolved around issues of state. That encouraged Catholic and Protestant powers to ally, leading to a number of major realignments.

Peace treaty


The Korean War is an example of a conflict that was ended by an armistice, rather than a peace treaty with the Korean Armistice Agreement. However, that war has never technically ended, because a final peace treaty or settlement has never been achieved.

Peace treaty


A more recent example of a peace treaty is the 1973 Paris Peace Accords that sought to end the Vietnam War.

Peace treaty


List of peace activists

Peace treaty


List of ancient treaties

Peace treaty


Peace Treaty on Korean Peninsula

Peace treaty


Uppsala Conflict Data Program, a dataset of all comprehensive agreements, partial agreements or peace process agreements between actors in armed conflict since 1975

Peace treaty


Bell, Christine; Badanjak, Sanja (2019). "Introducing PA-X: A new peace agreement database and dataset" (PDF). Journal of Peace Research. 56 (3): 452–466. doi:10.1177/0022343318819123. hdl:20.500.11820/a8385bbe-69b0-4453-9f74-982a890f67cc. ISSN 0022-3433. S2CID 117170451.

Peace treaty


Fontana, Giuditta; Kartsonaki, Argyro; Neudorfer, Natascha S; Walsh, Dawn; Wolff, Stefan; Yakinthou, Christalla (2020). "The dataset of Political Agreements in Internal Conflicts (PAIC)". Conflict Management and Peace Science. 38 (3): 338–364. doi:10.1177/0738894220944123. ISSN 0738-8942.

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UN Peacemaker, United Nations Database of Peace Agreements

Peace treaty


Peace Agreement Access Tool (PA-X), 1990–2016

Peace treaty


United States Institute of Peace Digital Peace Agreements Collection

Peace treaty


Uppsala Conflict Data Program's Peace Agreement Dataset v. 2.0, 1975–2011

Peace treaty


The Paris Peace Treaty of 1783

Peace treaty


The peace treaties: comprising the league of nations covenant, digest of the German treaty, digest of the Austrian treaty, with annotations by the American mission at the peace conference; milestones on the road to victory indexed, authors Publicity Corporation, Continental National Bank. Publisher The Federal trade information service, 1919

Peace treaty


The Treaty of Versailles, 1919

Peace treaty


Peace Agreements Database Archived 2015-07-30 at the Wayback Machine at the Transitional Justice Institute

Peace treaty


Sabrina Adetiba is a fictional character from the British soap opera Coronation Street, played by Luana Santos. She made her first appearance on 9 June 2023. Santos sent in a self-tape as her audition and was surprised to receive the role. The character was initially credited as Bec as she initially lied about her identity. Sabrina was introduced as the brother of Gav Adetiba (Noah Olaoye) and a love interest for Max Turner (Paddy Bever). She and Max begin a relationship but this is tested by Max's ex-girlfriend Lauren Bolton (Cait Fitton), who wants Max back. Bever believed that Lauren had been good for Max and was responsible for his character growing up. Sabrina later becomes friends with Lauren and is concerned when she disappears. It is revealed that Lauren was abused by Joel Deering (Calum Lill) and he tries to make Sabrina his next victim. Sabrina's best friend Betsy Swain (Sydney Martin) is then introduced and she warns Sabrina off Joel. In August 2024, Santos announced that she had left the role and her final episode aired on 11 November 2024. Viewers were saddened by the news of Santos' departure and some believed that Sabrina would be revealed as the murderer of Joel despite not being an official suspect.

Sabrina Adetiba


Casting and characterisation

Sabrina Adetiba


Luana Santos portrayed Sabrina during the character's run on the soap. Santos was 17 when began working on the soap. Santos' first appearance as Sabrina aired on 9 June 2023. The character was initially credited as "Bec". Santos sent in a self-tape for the role of "Bec" the role in February 2023 and was successful. Santos expressed surprise at receiving the role, explaining, "I was so surprised because I was panicking about everything I did in the self-tape, I was criticising myself constantly. I thought 'it's my first one, I'm obviously not going to get it' and when I got the email I was in college. It was a huge shock". After she received the role, Santos first told her mother and aunt, who Santos revealed had told her that she would receive the role and that she "never heard them so happy". Santos said that she felt very welcomed by the cast. Discussing whether she would be friends with her character, Santos said, "Absolutely. Both my friends and family tell me I'm so similar to Sabrina, especially how much she eats. I think I'd get along with her because we're both really straight forward and quite playful but at the same time she does not let herself get messed about".

Sabrina Adetiba


Sabrina meets Max Turner (Paddy Bever) when he is doing community service for being part of a far-right extremist group, which Sabrina is initially unaware of. Sabrina is also the sister of Gav Adetiba (Noah Olaoye), who was in the youth detention centre with Max. Having fallen out with Gav, Sabrina pretends to Gav's girlfriend Bec when Max goes to Gav's flat to check on it in order to continue to living there, and she and Max become close. Max' attempt at getting Gav and "Bec" back together backfires when Bec tells Max that she wants to be with him. Bever explained, "Max wants to repay that favour and he wants to show that he's changed and what better way to do that than to repay someone who's been really good to him. So he goes and meets Bec she thinks Max is flirting with him, he's really not, he's just pushing Gav's agenda and trying to make her warm to Gav again". When Max tells Gav that he is dating Bec, an enraged Gav angrily grabs him. Gav is initially angry at Max but discovers that "Bec" is actually Sabrina, his sister. Max and Sabrina's relationship hits a "rocky patch" when Sabrina discovers that he was in a racist far-right extremist group, but she later gives him another chances when as she believes that he has learnt "the error of their ways" and she decides she is going to help him change. Bever said that he would like to see Max with someone who "weathers the storms" with him, adding, "I would like to see him find love with someone who has good intentions for him, with someone who is not going to bring about danger for him".

Sabrina Adetiba


Sabrina is involved in a love triangle with Max and his ex-girlfriend Lauren Bolton (Cait Fitton), who was involved in the far-right gang. Max meets Sabrina and develops feelings for her, and when Lauren returns she struggles that Max does not want to get together with her. Fitton explained that "realising that Max was with Sabrina was a kick in the stomach for Lauren" upon her return. Sabrina and Max date for several months but their relationship is complicated by Lauren coming back into his life. Sabrina later reveals to Max that she really likes him but will only be in a relationship with him if Lauren is out of his life, leaving Max torn over the ultimatum. When Lauren moves next door to Sabrina, Max tries to prove himself by becoming official with Sabrina. Bever explained that the situation of Lauren moving next to Sabrina leaves Max "two people that he cares very much". Bever explained, "I see it as Sabrina is [Max'] head and Lauren is his heart, but I think he's acknowledged that his heart is also with Sabrina a bit. I think Max is realising that, actually, just because Sabrina isn't his first love doesn't mean that he can't recognise his feelings for her. Even if you marry someone and have children with them, you'll never love anyone like you love your first love. But for Max and Sabrina, I think she's really good for him, so let's hope that they become a little power couple". Bever believed that Sabrina is a good influence on Max and has helped him grow up a lot. Bever added that Max and Lauren have a bond over escaping from the far-right gang and that they "both understand each other in a way that Sabrina has not been a victim of these things, so she might feel slightly out of the loop in that".

Sabrina Adetiba


Lauren remains jealous of Max and Sabrina's romance and she is hurt when Max lies to her that he is at college when he is instead hanging out with Sabrina. A jealous Lauren then lies to Sabrina that she and Max are a couple in order to annoy her, so Sabrina confronts Max, who denies Lauren's comments. Lauren ends up getting into  legal trouble when she trashes the salon due to her upset over Max and Sabrina following a confrontation with the pair. Fitton believed that Lauren does not have a hatred of Sabrina but instead is just sad that Max has moved on, explaining, "The feelings Lauren has aren't through hatred or spite, but it's just through heartbreak. Lauren is utterly heartbroken because Max was her last resort. She's come back and her whole world has just fallen apart. When things get too much, we automatically explode and take it out on different people." Fitton believed that Lauren and Sabrina could be friends, adding, "Lauren's moving next door to Sabrina, which is obviously going to cause a bit of drama, but I would really like them all to come together. Lauren might not agree with Sabrina, and Sabrina might not like Lauren because of what's happened, but we all make mistakes". Santos believed that Sabrina would be hesitant about living next to Lauren, explaining, "I feel like with her being Max's ex and not letting off him, [Sabrina's] going to be so wary and cautious of Lauren because if she can lie about the extreme, she could do anything. Especially with what little Sabrina knows about her past." Santos believed that Lauren is struggling with not having anyone and that she will eventually accept Max and Sabrina's relationship after "a lot of self-reflection and mental help". Santos added that whilst Sabrina is able to forgive Max for his extremist past but not Lauren, explaining that Sabrina has been able to "go on this journey with Max and get to know him, he's being more open and vulnerable with her about the truth so she can sense his growth". Santos added that Lauren being distant and cold to Sabrina gives her the impression that Lauren still holds extremist views, even if they were "fed to her".

Sabrina Adetiba


Lauren's disappearance

Sabrina Adetiba


Sabrina later becomes friends with Lauren and the pair hang out with Max. When Lauren buys Max a watch despite him being Sabrina's boyfriend, Sabrina confronts Lauren, telling her she was out of order for doing so and to stop playing games. Lauren then claims that she has a rich new boyfriend but does not reveal who it is, making Sabrina and Max suspicious. Sabrina quizzes Lauren about her boyfriend and suggests that the four of them meet up together, but Lauren appears uneasy and Sabrina tells Max that she thinks Lauren is lying. Max and Sabrina later invite Lauren and her boyfriend to join them for lunch with Gav, but Lauren claims that she has broken up with him. However, Max and Sabrina later visit Lauren's flat and find her "sexily dressed", and she reveals that she is making videos for an adult website. Sabrina later finds out that Lauren is being harassed by her ex-boyfriend. Lauren later goes missing and Sabrina tries to help find her and is "adamant to track her down safely", but the disappearance is later treated as a murder investigation. When an article comes up in the paper revealing that Lauren was a sex worker, Max and Bobby Crawford (Jack Carroll) ask Sabrina if she leaked this information to the press. This offends Sabrina, who denies this and storms off, leaving Max feeling "terrible". Sabrina later breaks up with Max and tells him that she cannot be with someone who does not trust her, which devastates him.

Sabrina Adetiba


It is later revealed that Lauren's mystery boyfriend was solicitor Joel Deering (Calum Lill), who controlled her and attacked her, beating her repeatedly before she disappeared. It was also revealed that Joel had abused other girls. It was then suggested that Sabrina would become his next victim, with Lill revealing that Joel would prey on other vulnerable women, explaining, "When [Joel] sees these vulnerable young women probably from broken homes, with criminal records and no-one looking out for them, he is like a shark. He hones in on them, coercively controls them and emotionally manipulates them using his power and money." In the storyline, Sabrina returns to Weatherfield  Joel finds her upset and distressed Sabrina the police station, who explains that Gav has been arrested. Joel gives her his business card and suggests that she calls him if she needs him. Joel also suggests that there are other ways that Sabrina can pay for the legal fees and suggests monthly installments. Joel pulls a face after leaving and is "pleased" to have found a new target. Sabrina's "mystery" friend notices this "weird" moment between the pair and pulls a face at him; the friend was unnamed and initially uncredited. The friend was later revealed to be Betsy Swain (Sydney Martin), the daughter of established character Lisa Swain (Vicky Myers), whose debut had been teased for weeks. Viewers had previously predicted that Sabrina's friend would turn out to be Lisa's daughter.

Sabrina Adetiba


Joel later takes Sabrina out for a coffee and offers her alcohol. Joel pretends to pour some alcohol in his cup but does not. He also attempts to flatter Sabrina by comparing her to his ex-girlfriend and saying that he was punching" above his weight with her. Betsy seems to enjoy his suggestive comments. Betsy realises that Joel is being creepy and advises Sabrina to be careful, and then she keeps his card to confront him for his behaviour. Sabrina tells Betsy that she likes that Joel is treating her as an adult. Sabrina realises she has been naïve by trusting Joel and she and Betsy come up with a plan. Determined to make Joel not get away with his "dodgy behaviour" towards her friend, Betsy blackmails him for trying to get Sabrina drunk. Martin explained that Betsy does look out for Sabrina and she is blackmailing Joel partially for this reason, but also because she wants to gain something from Joel from it. In September 2024, Betsy opens up to Sabrina that she was involved in Joel's recent drugging of Lauren by giving him the drugs, unaware that he was going to use the drugs on Lauren; Sabrina offers her advice and encourages her to tell her mother as she could face prison for her actions. Later, Betsy swears Sabrina to secrecy but Sabrina tells her that she could get arrested for potential murder and that the police could trace the drugs back to her, which scares Betsy. After this, Sabrina is not seen for several weeks.

Sabrina Adetiba


In August 2024, it was reported that Santos had left her role as Sabrina and that she had filmed her final scenes. This was revealed when Santos posted a picture of her and with co-star Jack Carroll on Instagram in a dressing room, where she wrote that it was her last day of being on the soap and that she was going to drama school. She also thanked the soap for "everything". The Coronation Street Instagram page shared Santos' post.

Sabrina Adetiba


Sabrina's final episode aired on 11 November 2024. In the episode, Sabrina returns after not being seen for months and visits Lauren and her baby Frankie Bolton in hospital, where she wishes Lauren the best for her relationship with Max. Sabrina tells Lauren that she deserves happiness after what she went through with Joel, and Lauren tells Sabrina that she could have had the same experience too. Sabrina then quickly leaves when Max comes to the hospital. After the episode aired, Santos confirmed on her social media that these were her final scenes and posted a picture of her first day of filming on the soap back in 2023.

Sabrina Adetiba


When Max Turner (Paddy Bever) goes to check on his friend Gav Adetiba's (Noah Olaoye) house, he finds Sabrina living there as she is homeless. In order to prevent Max telling Gav that she is living there without permission, Sabrina pretends to be Gav's girlfriend Bec. Sabrina and Max get along and flirt. Gav later asks Max to ask "Bec" to return his calls and that he is sorry, but he then finds out that Max actually met Sabrina, not Bec. It is revealed that Sabrina and Gav fell out as Sabrina stole money from Gav before he went to the Secure Training Centre, where he met Max. Sabrina is shocked to find out that Max was there due to being part of a far-right gang after he was groomed, but she accepts that he has changed. Max and Sabrina start dating, but this is challenged by the arrival of Max' ex-girlfriend Lauren Bolton (Cait Fitton), who was also part of the gang. Lauren wants Max back and tries to cause trouble for the couple. However, Sabrina and Lauren eventually become friends and Sabrina becomes concerned when Lauren goes missing and is later presumed dead. Sabrina breaks up with Max when he accuses her of leaking information about Lauren's sex work to the press. It is revealed that Joel Deering (Calum Lill) abused and attacked Lauren and has gotten her pregnant. After Sabrina becomes concerned for Gav when he gets in trouble with the police, Joel flirts with Sabrina and tries to get her drunk. Sabrina's friend Betsy Swain (Sydney Martin) sees this and blackmails Joel. After Joel is murdered months later, Betsy goes to see Lauren and her baby Frankie Bolton in the hospital and gives Lauren her blessing for her rekindled relationship with Max.

Sabrina Adetiba


Jessica Sansome from Manchester Evening News called Sabrina "a bit of love rival to Lauren". Charlie Duncan from Digital Spy questioned whether Sabrina would forgive Max for accusing her of leaking Lauren's sex work to the press. Olivia Wheeler from The Daily Mirror reported how some viewers believed that Sabrina was hiding Lauren or knew where she was. Michael Adams from Metro speculated that Sabrina could be Joel's next victim or the one to expose him; Adams believed that the scene where Joel offers to help Sabrina's brother and gives her his card was "Quite the foreshadowing" due to it being "eerily similar" to Joel's first scene when he represented Lauren for smashing up the shop. Charlotte Tutton from The Daily Mirror found the initial scene between Joel and Sabrina "creepy" and speculated that whilst Sabrina could figure out that Joel is behind Lauren's disappearance, she could also be in danger and need to "watch her back". Sue Haasler also believed that Joel's offer to Sabrina was an "uncanny echo" of his first scene and speculated that Sabrina could have the same fate as Lauren by being Joel's next victim. Olivia Wheeler opined that Joel telling Sabrina that he reminded him of his ex was a "creepy twist". Jess Phillips from Liverpool Echo reported how some viewers believed that Sabrina would be Joel's next victim, and she noted how it was "particularly disturbing" that Joel had gone after two of Max' ex-girlfriends. Katie Archer from OK! was worried that Sabrina was in "grave danger" due to Joel picking her as his next victim.

Sabrina Adetiba


Viewers expressed disappointment on social media when Santos revealed that she was leaving the soap. Joe Crutchley from Manchester Evening News reported that viewers were "gutted" that "beloved" Santos was leaving the soap. He believed that the actress "shot to fame" whilst playing Sabrina and that she had been part of "several big storylines". Joe Anderton from Digital Spy believed that Sabrina played a "big part" in the Joel and Lauren storyline of 2024. Ryan Paton from the Liverpool Echo opined that Sabrina had been "embroiled in the show's major storyline". Michael Adams from Metro believed that Sabrina, Max and Lauren were a "strong friendship group" and he wondered whether Sabrina would be involved in the comeuppance of Joel. Joe Crutchley from Manchester Evening News reported how some viewers speculated that Sabrina could becoming the victim of grooming or even be killed-off by Joel after the news of Santos' departure. Crutchley and Dan Laurie of Plymouth Live and Nottingham Post believed that viewers were "feeling bereft" and disappointed after Santos announced her departure and opined that she became a "household name" after joining the soap as Sabrina. They added that Sabrina had been central to "several major" storylines and called her a "fan favourite".

Sabrina Adetiba


In November 2024, Angie Quinn from Liverpool Echo and the Plymouth Herald reported how viewers had speculated on social media that Sabrina was Joel's killer, despite not being an official suspect. Following Lauren and Max admitting their feelings for each other in October 2024, Digital Spy's Joe Anderton questioned how Sabrina would feel if she knew about this. Charlotte Tutton from the Daily Mirror reported how viewers believed that she was Joel's killer due to her "sudden" reappearance, with some believing that Sabrina acted strangely in her final appearance. Laura Denby from Radio Times believed that Sabrina was "seemingly on edge" during her visit to Lauren and wondered whether her "sudden presence" had anything to do with the murder mystery. Jessica Sansome from Manchester Evening News also reported how viewers were surprised by Sabrina's reappearance and that this left the "wondering" if she was responsible for Joel's death.

Sabrina Adetiba


Yu Chin-san (Korean: 유진산; Hanja: 柳珍山; 18 October 1905 – 28 April 1974) was a South Korean independence activist and politician active from the start of the First Republic through the first half of the Fourth Republic. His clan name is Munhwa Ryu, and he was born with the name Youngpil (영필; 永弼) but adopted the name Chin-san and the art name Okgye (옥계; 玉溪) later in life.

Yu Chin-san


The name Chin-san uses the same characters as that of his birthplace, Jinsan, in the Geumsan County of South Chungcheong Province. Chin-san’s son, Yu Han-yeol, was also a politician and served consecutive terms in the National Assembly (as a member of the Democratic Korea Party, the New Korea Party, and the Liberty Korea Party). Additionally, the former National Assembly member Seong Nak-hyeon was married to Chin-san’s niece.

Yu Chin-san


Yu Chin-san entered politics as a part of the youth movement immediately following Korean liberation in 1945, and held key positions in several conservative opposition parties (including the Democratic Nationalist Party, the Democratic Party, the Civil Rule Party, the People's Party, and the New Democratic Party) from the time of the First Republic to the Fourth Republic. Because he adopted a moderate viewpoint aimed at dialogue and compromise, Chin-san was ridiculed as a shill by hard-line opponents of the government within the confrontational opposition camps to which he belonged.

Yu Chin-san


Early life and education

Yu Chin-san


On 18 October 1905, Yu Chin-san was born into a poor farming family in Eupnae Village, in the Dansan Township of Jinsan County, a part of the North Jeolla Province.a He was enrolled at Jinsan Primary School in Geumsan County in 1912, and six years later, in order to enroll in Gyeongseong General Secondary School, Chin-san’s whole family moved to Gyeongseong together (present-day Seoul).

Yu Chin-san


In May 1919, Chin-san actively participated in the March First Movement, a significant anti-Japanese protest in Korea. A year later, he was expelled from school after posting posters critical of Japan on-campus in connection with this movement. He then transferred to Bo-seong General Secondary School, where he graduated in 1923.

Yu Chin-san


In 1924, Chin-san travelled to Japan and matriculated at Waseda University Junior and Senior High School. Four years later, after his graduation, he matriculated at the Waseda University School of Political Science and Economics. In his third-year at Waseda, Chin-san was imprisoned in Ichigaya Prison when the activities of his student organization, the Emerging Science Research Society, came under police suspicion. As a result, he returned to Korea without graduating. After his return, he organized the Futaba Farmer’s Association and built up a peasant movement, but ultimately fled to China when he became a target for surveillance by the Japanese police.

Yu Chin-san


Early political activities

Yu Chin-san


In Shanghai in 1933, Chin-san was appointed as a liaison to the Korean Provisional Government (KPG). A year later, Chin-san was seized by Japanese authorities and repatriated to Korea two months after organizing a Korean association in Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province. Back in Korea, he was imprisoned within Seodaemun Prison for four months. In 1935, he participated in the editing of the Farmer’s Reader, and led the peasant movement alongside Jeon Jin-han and Kim-san. Throughout this period, he made connections with Chough Pyung-ok, Chang Taek-sang, and Baek Gwan-su.

Yu Chin-san


After the restoration of Korean independence in 1945, Chin-san organized the right-wing youth group, Heungguksa, and disbanded the left-wing Youth League for the Promotion of the Founding of the Korean Nation. He also participated in an operation to deploy Youth League members to Pyongyang in order to remove Kim Il-sung and Kang Ryang-uk, and at some point became involved with the right-wing White Shirts Society. In October that year, Chin-san founded the Korean Reformation Youth League, and was installed as its chairman.b Two months later, he led the Reformation Youth League to participate in the Korean National Youth Federation for the Promotion of Independence and was later installed as the Federation’s vice-chairman.

Yu Chin-san


Throughout the next several years, Chin-san served in leadership roles for a variety of different youth organizations. For example, in April 1946, Chin-san founded the Korean Democratic Youth Alliance and served as its president; its Honorary Chairman was Rhee Syngman. In July 1947, he was named Chairman of the General Association of Korean Youth, and in December 1948, he became Supreme Leader of the Korean Youth League. He also served as a member of the Special Investigation Committee of Anti-National Activities in 1949, but the organization was soon disbanded.

Yu Chin-san


In 1950, Chin-san ran for the National Assembly in the newly established Republic of Korea but was unsuccessful. Nevertheless, he was selected as the Director of General Affairs for the Democratic National Party the next year. In June 1952, he was arrested for his participation in the Assembly for the Declaration of Constitutional Protection and National Salvation, which protested the Busan Political Turmoil of the prior month. However, this did not stop him from being elected to the National Assembly for the first just two years later, as an independent candidate in Geumsan County for the 1954 legislative election.

Yu Chin-san


In 1955, following the founding of the united opposition party, the Democratic Party, Chin-san was made its first Chief of Labor. Within the party, he became affiliated with the old-school faction drawn from the former Korea Democratic Party. Three years later, in the 1958 legislative election, he was re-elected as a Democratic Party candidate in Geumsan County, and was made the floor leader of the party. In April 1960, Chin-san challenged the Chang Myon regime, which had been established following the April Revolution, and thus split the new and old factions of the Democratic Party into two conservative parties. After which, he was elected for the third time in the 1960 legislative election, again as a Democratic Party candidate in Geumsan.

Yu Chin-san


At the beginning of 1961, Yu Chin-san was named Secretary General of the New Democratic Party (1960-61).c The party was formed from the old-school faction that had seceded from the then-ruling Democratic Party of the Second Republic. Later that year, the May 16 coup occurred. That June, Chin-san was apprehended by the military police and imprisoned in Mapo Prison on suspicions surrounding the source of political funds for Oh Wi-young, a powerful figure behind the new faction in the Democratic Party.

Yu Chin-san


In March 1962, the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction enacted the Political Purification Law, under which Yu Chin-san, along with others, was subject to a ban on political activity. That month, Chin-san spearheaded the Assembly for the Declaration of Democratic National Salvation, in opposition to Park Chung-hee’s 22 March declaration extending military rule.

Yu Chin-san


The next year, in May, the Civil Rule Party was formed, and Chin-san endorsed Kim Byeong-ro as its party leader. In the 1963 legislative election, he was then elected for the third time, as a national candidate for the new Civil Rule Party. However, Chin-san later clashed with the party leader, Yun Po-sun, over the National Assembly’s passage of the Bill for an Ethics Committee on Speech in August 1964. On 23 August, the Civil Rule Party’s Supervisory Committee thus decided upon the expulsion of Yu Chin-san. Chin-san fought back against this decision in court, and won his reinstatement on 26 November.

Yu Chin-san


Despite this, just a year later, in May 1965, Chin-san participated in the founding of the united opposition party, the 1965 People's Party, and was installed as its vice president the following year. This party was short lived, however, as in February 1967, a new united opposition party, the New Democratic Party, was founded, and Chin-san was installed as its vice president. That June, during the 1967 legislative election, Chin-san was elected for the fifth time, this time as a New Democratic Party candidate in Yeongdeungpo District.

Yu Chin-san


In January 1970, Chin-san was elected as president of the New Democratic Party at the party convention. That August, he had his first one-on-one meeting with Park Chung-hee. In May the next year, Chin-san was elected to the National Assembly for his sixth term, in the 1971 legislative elections, as a national candidate for the New Democratic Party. His switch to the national constituency just before the election drove the party’s internal conflicts to the surface, prompting him to resign as the New Democratic Party’s president.

Yu Chin-san


However, in September 1972, Chin-san was (again) elected as party president at the National Convention for the New Democratic Party. A year later, he was elected for the seventh and final time in the 1973 legislative election, in the combined constituency of Geumsan County, Daedok District, and Yeongi County  as a New Democratic Party candidate. Later that year, he had another one-on-one meeting with Park Chung-hee.

Yu Chin-san


In 1974, Chin-san declared a campaign to amend the Restoration Constitution, but on 23 April that year he died of colorectal cancer.

Yu Chin-san


Portrayed by Shim Yang-hong in the 1981–82 TV series, 1st Republic.

Yu Chin-san


Portrayed by Lee Hyo-jung in the 2002–2003 SBS TV series Rustic Period.

Yu Chin-san


a.^  Later, Jinsan County was merged with Geumsan County in North Jeolla Province, and control over the county was transferred to South Chungcheong Province in the 1960s. It is now Jinsan Township, Geumsan County, in South Chungcheong Province

Yu Chin-san


b.^  The Korean Reformation Youth League was a youth group that originated as an organization for escorting important individuals. It was first organized through the Special Envoy Office of the Korean Provisional Government, a local office established by the provisional government, which was based in Chongqing, China at the time, in preparation for its return to Korea. The Reformation Youth League became one of the most powerful youth organizations at the time, not including the left-leaning People’s Republic of Korea youth groups.

Yu Chin-san


c.^  This is a separate political party from the New Democratic Party that was the largest opposition party during the Third and Fourth Republics.

Yu Chin-san


Yu Chin-san, Member of National Assembly of Korea Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine (in Korean)

Yu Chin-san


Toki is a run and gun platform game released in arcades in Japan in 1989 by TAD Corporation. It was published in North America by Fabtek. Designed by Akira Sakuma, the game has tongue-in-cheek humor mixed with the action. The player controls an enchanted ape who must battle hordes of jungle monsters with energy balls from his mouth. The ultimate goal is to destroy the evil wizard who cast a spell on the title protagonist; thereby transforming him from an ape back into a human, and rescuing the kidnapped princess. The game was ported to several video game consoles and home computers.

Toki (video game)


The player must traverse several levels with a miniboss at the end. Despite his apparent handicap, his slowness as an ape, and the fact that almost any attack can kill him, Toki is able to spit powerful shots that will help him in defeating enemies and obstacles that try to slow him down in his mission. There is a timer for each stage.

Toki (video game)


Toki can make use of items such as power-ups for his spit; lucky rabbit feet which can give Toki bursts of superhuman agility and jumping skill; clocks which add extra time to the countdown; fruit which can add to Toki's bonus points; keys which unlock bonus areas; a special helmet that protects him from upwards attacks (the helmet rather comically resembles an American football helmet); extra lives; and magic coins (food in the Genesis version) which when collected in abundance can obtain Toki an extra life.

Toki (video game)


The protagonist of the game is a muscular, loincloth-wearing, Tarzanesque tribesman named Toki (known in Japan and in some ports as JuJu), who up until recently lived a primitive yet contented life in the jungles of a vast and wild island in the South Seas.

Toki (video game)


This all ends tragically when the beautiful Miho, princess of Toki's tribe of jungle men, and a potential suitor to Toki, is kidnapped by the treacherous witch doctor Vookimedlo. Miho is taken to a vast golden palace at the summit of the island, which Vookimedlo has conjured up for himself to reside in. The wicked shaman then casts a spell to transform all the human inhabitants of the island into various animals and beasts, before they can defend themselves against the evil magic.

Toki (video game)


Toki himself is transformed into a Geeshergam, one of the ape-like minions of Vookimedlo, although in his primate form, Toki more resembles a gorilla. Fortunately, the great warrior discovers that he is still in control of his own faculties and as an unexpected side effect of the spell cast on him, he can breathe fire and shoot forth various projectiles from his mouth.

Toki (video game)


Toki then sets off on a quest to pursue and defeat Vookimedlo, rescue princess Miho, and undo the curse which has befallen the island. However, to reach Vookimedlo's golden palace, Toki will have to travel through murky lakes, steep canyons, over frozen ice-capped mountain ranges and lava-spewing volcanoes alike. To progress in his quest and be ultimately victorious, Toki will have to battle all manner of dangerous wild animals and various mutants of Vookimedlo's creation; not to mention Vookimedlo's own abominable guardians who act as level bosses.

Toki (video game)


Within the next two years ports were released for home systems. Ocean Software published versions for the Amiga, Atari ST, and Commodore 64, They advertised versions for the ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC and the Spectrum version was previewed in issue 90 of CRASH, but neither port materialized. Taito published ports for the Lynx and the NES. The latter version was slightly altered and has a health bar so that Toki doesn't die after one hit.

Toki (video game)


Sega developed an exclusive version for the Mega Drive/Genesis: Toki: Going Ape Spit. This version lacks the non-spit power-ups, but it has additional levels and more detailed graphics compared to the NES version.

Toki (video game)


In some ports, Toki is named "JuJu", Miho is named "Wanda" and Vookimedlo is named "Dr. Stark". Also, in some ports it is not Vookimedlo who kidnaps princess Miho, but his chief henchman, the half-invisible giant known as Bashtar. In some ports Bashtar is the final boss of the game, and not Vookimedlo.

Toki (video game)


In Japan, Game Machine listed Toki on their March 15, 1990 issue as being the sixteenth most-successful table arcade unit of the month.

Toki (video game)


Toki won a Golden Joystick Award in 1992.

Toki (video game)


The One gave the Amiga version of Toki an overall score of 88%, calling its gameplay "standard stuff", but praises the variety of gameplay that's outside of the norm, posing such examples as Toki's ability to swim, climb, and ride trolleys, stating that these "all help to make it stand out from the current crop of arcade conversions." The One praises Toki's gameplay, stating that "the gameplay is so well balanced, becoming gradually harder as you get into it", furthermore stating that this is "exactly the way it should be." The One also praises Toki's music and graphics, expressing that "it complements the action perfectly" and "[adds] greatly to the game's appeal", furthermore stating that Toki's animations add "instant appeal", and calls Toki "An enjoyable conversion that's as playable as it is pretty".

Toki (video game)


Destructoid praises the game for the nostalgia it gave to the reviewer. Despite this, they still didn't see it as a great game at all, and stated that it "isn't a perfect game".

Toki (video game)


An platform game with similarly-looking simian characters was in development by Ocean Software for the Jaguar under the working title Apeshit. It was renamed to Toki Goes Apespit at one point during development. It was planned to be published in Winter 1994, but it was never released.

Toki (video game)


The original game, ported by Magic Team, was released for iOS on September 7, 2009 in the United States.

Toki (video game)


A remake was published by Microids in 2018 for Nintendo Switch, followed by versions for  Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Luna.

Toki (video game)


Toki at Killer List of Videogames

Toki (video game)


The Galerie Georges-Philippe et Nathalie Vallois is a contemporary art gallery owned by Georges-Philippe and Nathalie Vallois and is located in Paris, France. The gallery has two spaces Rue de Seine in Paris, France, at the 36th and the 33rd.

Galerie Vallois


In addition to recent contemporary art, the gallery also specializes in works by Nouveaux réalistes such as Arman, César or Jacques Villeglé.

Galerie Vallois


Since 2022, Georges-Philippe Vallois has been serving on the selection committee of Art Basel's Paris edition.

Galerie Vallois


Artists represented by the gallery

Galerie Vallois


Niki de Saint Phalle

Galerie Vallois


The gallery offers a large selection of publications to accompagny some exhibitions. Here is a selection :

Galerie Vallois


Catherine Francblin, Samuel Gross, Pavel Schmidt, Daniel Spoerri. Les choses de la vie, Le Métayer Vallois Editions / Les presses du réel, 2026.

Galerie Vallois


Julián Zugazagoitia, Bernard Blistène, Arman. Tout ce qui reste, Galerie GP & N Vallois / Les Presses du réel, 2025.

Galerie Vallois


Agate Bortolussi, Eulàlia Grau. Etnografias-Collages, Le Métayer Vallois / Les presses du réel, 2024

Galerie Vallois


Jeanne Benameur, Elisabeth Brami-Prowelleur, Emanuel Proweller, Eric Verhagen, Emanuel Proweller. Un souvenir de soleil, Galerie GP & N Vallois / Editions courtes et longues, 2024.

Galerie Vallois


John DeAndrea, Elaine Eldridge, Catherine Millet, John DeAndrea. Grace, Galerie GP & N Vallois / Les presses du réel, 2023.

Galerie Vallois


Sasha Kalter-Wasserman, Niki de Saint Phalle, Annabelle Ténèze, Niki de Saint Phalle. Tableaux éclatés, Galerie GP & N Vallois / Salon 94 / Les presses du réel, 2021.

Galerie Vallois


Rita Cusimano, Samuel Gross, Marco Livingston, Catherine Millet, Nouveau Réalisme = Nouvelles approches perspectives du réel, Galerie GP & N Vallois, 2021.

Galerie Vallois


Harry Bellet, Ariel Wizman, Jacques Villeglé. Jeune, Gay et Impudique, Galerie GP & N Vallois, 2019.

Galerie Vallois


Camille Morineau, Jean Tinguely '60s, Galerie GP & N Vallois, 2016.

Galerie Vallois


Exhibitions selection since 2013

Galerie Vallois


Daniel Spoerri, « Les choses de la vie », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Pilar Albarracín, Evelyne Axell, Pamela Berkovic, Louise Bourgoin, John Kayser, Christian Louboutin, Pierre Molinier, Helmut Newton, Emanuel Proweller, Peter Stämplfi, Tomi Ungerer, Ellen von Unwerth, William Wegman, Winshluss, « Tout en jambes » (curator : Jonathan Lambert), 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Pilar Albarracín, William Amor, Arman, Julien Berthier, François Dufrêne, Perrine Guyonnet, Raymond Hains, George Herms, Martin Kersels, Louise Nevelson, Henrique Oliveira, Duke Riley, Niki De Saint Phalle, Moffat Takadiwa, Jean Tinguely, Jacques Villeglé, « Tendres Débris », 33 & 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Shirley Cao, Robert Cottingham, Eulàlia Grau, Charlotte Hailstone, Richard Jackson, Martin Kersels, Gabrielle Mar, Dana Nechmad, « Through the prism », 1018 Madison Av., New York, United States

Galerie Vallois


Emanuel Proweller, « Focus #3 - Emanuel Proweller, avec éclat ! », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Duke Riley, « Baigné de vos langueurs », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Arman, « Tout ce qui reste » (curator : Bernard Blistène), 33 & 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Arman, Julien Bismuth, Alain Bublex, Robert Cottingham, Richard Estes, Ralph Goings, Martin Kersels, Duke Riley, William Wegman, « A Journey in America », 1018 Madison Av., New York, United States

Galerie Vallois


John Baeder, Robert Bechtle, Charles Bell, Robert Cottingham, John DeAndrea, Ralph Goings, Duane Hanson, John Salt, « Focus #2 - Hyperréalisme Américain », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Robert Cottingham, « Cameras, Typewriters & Components », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Julia Wachtel, Wendy White, Jason Yates, « Windchimes and Prayers », 1018 Madison Av., New York, United States

Galerie Vallois


Pilar Albarracín, Evelyn Axell, Julien Bismuth, Alain Bublex, Robert Cottingham, John DeAndrea, Erik Dietman, Claude Gilli, Eulàlia Grau, Raymond Hains, Richard Jackson, Alain Jacquet, Martin Kersels, Paul Kos, Zhenya Machneva, Louise Nevelson, Henrique Oliveira, Peybak, Emanuel Proweller, Niki de Saint Phalle, Pierre Seinturier, Peter Stämpfli, Keith Tyson,Tomi Ungerer, Winshluss, William Wegman and Virginie Yassef, « Conversation pieces », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


César, « Focus #1 - César », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Marion Mailaender, « Mi casa es tu casa », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Julien Berthier, « Passion potelet », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Pilar Albarracín, Leonora Carrington, Eulàlia Grau, Zhenya Machneva, Lucie Picandet, Niki de Saint Phalle, Julia Wachtel, Virginie Yassef, « Elles », 1018 Madison Av., New York, United States

Galerie Vallois


Hans Bellmer, Robert Cottingham, Jorge Camacho, Jim Dine, Jean Dubuffet, Marcel Duchamp, Eulàlia Grau, Richard Jackson, Martin Kersels, Pierre Molinier, Claes Oldenburg, Wolfgang Paalen, Francis Picabia, Man Ray, Tomi Ungerer, Jacques Villeglé, « Face à Face », 1018 Madison Av., New York, United States

Galerie Vallois


Jean-Michel Basquiat, Julien Berthier, Blutch, Alain Bublex, Robert Cottingham, Gilles Elie, Douglas Gordon, Charles Hascoët, Gregor Hildebrandt, Jim Jarmusch, Mike Kelley, Martin Kersels, Elodie Lesourd, Christian Marclay, Jeff Mills, Duke Riley, Erin M. Riley, Pierre Seinturier, Reeve Schumacher, Tomi Ungerer, Jacques Villeglé, Julia Wachtel, Winschluss, « Musicology », 33 & 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Richard Jackson, « Wretched Excess », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Pierre Seinturier, « Cher Monsieur Peinturier », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Emanuel Proweller, « Proweller, un souvenir de soleil », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Lucie Picandet, « Charnières », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Alain Bublex, « Landscaping », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Jacques Villeglé, « STAR », 33 & 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Velerio Adami, Evelyne Axell, Matthew Brannon, Alain Bublex, Robert Cottingham, Antoine de Margerie, Gilles Elie, Bertrand Lavier, Emanuel Proweller, Peter Stämpfli, Emilio Tadini, Hervé Télémaque, William Wegman, « Aplatitudes! », 33 et 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Tomi Ungerer, « Tomi l'Alchimiste - Le Grand Oeuvre », 33 & 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


John DeAndrea, « Grâce », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Ben Sakoguchi, « oranges ● pancartes ● cartes postales », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Niki de Saint Phalle, « Masterworks 1961-1970 », 1018 Madison Av., New York, United States

Galerie Vallois


Peybak, « Strange Aeons - We will meet you there », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Julien Bismuth, « Harlequinades », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Virginie Yassef, « Dogs Dream », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Enrico Baj, Martin Kersels, « Home Sweet Home », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Eulàlia Grau, « Etnografias », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Jacques Villeglé, « Alphabets », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Arman, César, Christo, Gérard Deschamps, François Dufrêne, Raymond Hains, Yves Klein, Martial Raysse, Mimmo Rotella, Niki de Saint Phalle, Daniel Spoerri, Jean Tinguely, Jacques Villeglé, « Nouveau Réalisme = Nouvelle approches perspectives du réel », 33 & 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Emanuel Proweller, « Le Vif du sujet », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Gilles Barbier, Bianca Bondi, Alice Guittard, Matthieu Haberard, Charlotte Heninger, Edward Kienholz, Benjamin Loyauté, Gaspard Maîtrepierre, Lucie Picandet, Niki de Saint Phalle, Daniel Spoerri, « Le Vaisseau d'or », (curator: Gaël Charbau), 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Pilar Albarracín, Bianca Argímon, Lauren Coullard, Aurélie Gravas, Vivian Greven, Lucie Picandet, Niki de Saint Phalle, « Ladies Only », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Jacques Villeglé, « Jeune, Gay et Impudique », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Jean Tinguely, « Bricolages et Débri(s)collages », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Paul Kos, « Kinetic Landscape(s) », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Pilar Albarracín, Pat Andrea, Hans Bellmer, VALIE EXPORT, Claude Gilli, Michel Journiac, Annette Messager, Jeff Mills, Jules Pascin, Françoise Pétrovich, Francis Picabia, Maria Isabel Rueda, Niki de Saint Phalle, Cindy Sherman, Jacques Villeglé & Julia Wachtel, « La Maman et la Putain », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Alain Bublex, « An American Landscape », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Peter Stämpfli, « Ligne continue », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Taro Izumi, « Night lie », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Keith Tyson, « Les Fleurs », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Niki de Saint Phalle, « Belles ! Belles ! Belles !, Les femmes de Niki de Saint Phalle », 33 & 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Jean Tinguely, « Jean Tinguely, '60s », 33 & 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Lázaro Saavedra, « Pensamiento Visual », 33 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Jacques Villeglé, « Pénélope à Quimper ou Le Retour d’Ulysse », 33 & 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Adam Janes & Pierre Seinturier, « Memory Song » / « It's a way of life! », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Henrique Oliveira, « Fissure », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Alain Jacquet, « Des Images d'Epinal aux Camouflages (1961 - 1963) », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Winshluss, « Pas la peine de pleurer, personne ne te regarde... », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Peybak, « Abrakan (naissance) », Project Room, 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Arman, Julien Berthier, Alain Bublex, César, José Davila, Jimmie Durham, Peter Fischli & David Weiss, Richard Jackson, Alain Jacquet, André Komatsu, Paul Kos, Arnold Odermatt, Pierre Seinturier, Jean Tinguely, « Carambolages », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Pilar Albarracín, « La Calle del Infierno », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Julien Berthier, « Public Sculptures », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Alain Bublex, « Arrière-plan », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Richard Jackson, « Darker Room », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Jacques Villeglé, « Graffitis Politiques 1962-1991 », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Niki de Saint Phalle, « En joue ! Assemblages & Tirs (1958-1964) », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Pilar Albarracin, Gilles Barbier, Fredi Casco, Marina de Caro, Matias Duville, Ana Gallardo, Juan Fernandez Herran, Martin Kersels, Henrique Oliveira, Paulina Silva Hayon, Walter Andrade, Virginie Yassef, « La Distance Juste » (curator : Albertine de Galbert), 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Julien Bismuth, « Perroquet », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Mike Cooter, « Set theory », Project Room, 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Taro Izumi, « The Source of Wrinkles », 36 rue de Seine, Paris, France

Galerie Vallois


Galerie Vallois official website

Galerie Vallois


Galerie Vallois Time Out Paris Archived 2011-06-06 at the Wayback Machine

Galerie Vallois


Georges-Philippe Vallois (Art Dealer) (Paris Art) Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine (in French)

Galerie Vallois


Galerie Profile on ArtSlant Archived 2009-04-08 at the Wayback Machine

Galerie Vallois


La galerie Georges-Philippe et Nathalie Vallois (Le Figaro) (in French)

Galerie Vallois


Karamfil is a village in Momchilgrad Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria. As of 2021 the population stood at 238 residents, with an equal amount of males to females at 119 each.

Karamfil


The 2019 World Aquatics Championships were the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July 2019. The city had previously hosted the 2015 Summer Universiade aquatics events in the same venues.

2019 World Aquatics Championships


The host was announced on 19 July 2013 on the biennial General Congress of FINA in Barcelona, the host-city of the 2013 World Aquatics Championships. Budapest was awarded the 2021 Championships in the same vote, though in 2015 it was announced that they will host the 2017 Championships due to Guadalajara's withdrawal. Fukuoka was subsequently awarded the 2021 event.

2019 World Aquatics Championships


The awarding was controversial within Korea as the South Korean government claimed that the mayor of Gwangju had forged the signature of endorsement. As a result, the Korean government initially refused to fund the event, but eventually agreed upon passage of a law that required National Assembly approval for future bids for major sporting events.

2019 World Aquatics Championships


The mascots for the event were a pair of otters, chosen due to their natural habitat being in the mountains near Gwangju, as well as their symbolizing "swimmers' passion for challenge", according to the organizing committee. The slogan of the Championships, meanwhile, was "Dive Into Peace".

2019 World Aquatics Championships


Most of the competitions were held at the Main Aquatics Centre, built for the 2015 Summer Universiade, also hosted in Gwangju. The Aquatics Centre hosted the swimming and diving competitions, and there were two adjacent outdoor temporary venues for synchronised swimming and water polo.

2019 World Aquatics Championships


Nambu University Municipal Aquatics Center (swimming, diving)

2019 World Aquatics Championships


Nambu University Stadium (water polo)

2019 World Aquatics Championships


Yeomju Gymnasium (artistic swimming)

2019 World Aquatics Championships


Chosun University Football Field (high diving)

2019 World Aquatics Championships


Yeosu Expo Ocean Park (open water swimming)

2019 World Aquatics Championships


A total of 76 medal events were held across six disciplines. Beach water polo was introduced as a demonstration, non-medal event.

2019 World Aquatics Championships


China topped the medal table, although the United States won the highest number of medals in total. Host nation South Korea earned one bronze medal, from Kim Su-ji in the Women's 1 m springboard.

2019 World Aquatics Championships


*   Host nation (South Korea)

2019 World Aquatics Championships


Participating nations

2019 World Aquatics Championships


Out of 209 FINA members, 191 nations took part in the Championships, as well as a Refugee Team of independent FINA athletes. 194 teams initially entered, setting a new record number of participating nations. However, Lesotho and the United Arab Emirates subsequently withdrew their athletes and did not appear on the start list.

2019 World Aquatics Championships


FINA members not participating were Anguilla, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominica, Guinea-Bissau, Gibraltar, Iraq, Lesotho, Liberia, Mauritania, Myanmar, North Korea, Somalia, Turks and Caicos Islands and United Arab Emirates.

2019 World Aquatics Championships


At the time of the Championships, the Nations of Kiribati, Nauru, South Sudan, São Tomé e Príncipe and Tuvalu were not FINA members.

2019 World Aquatics Championships


In the United States, NBCUniversal holds rights to the event.

2019 World Aquatics Championships


Official website Archived 27 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine

2019 World Aquatics Championships


Erin Molan (born 24 August 1983) is an Australian television presenter who worked on Sky News Australia, a past radio presenter on 2Day FM and a former columnist for Sydney newspaper The Daily Telegraph.

Erin Molan


Molan was previously with the Nine Network as part of Nine's Wide World of Sports National Rugby League (NRL) coverage. From 2019, she hosted the secondary broadcast for channel 9Gem of the Australian Open tennis tournament. Molan was also Friday and Saturday sports presenter on Nine News Sydney and the host of The Sunday Footy Show and former host of The NRL Footy Show.

Erin Molan


Molan was born in Canberra and raised in Jakarta, Indonesia. She attended sixteen different schools due to the Australian Army career of her father, Jim Molan.

Erin Molan


Molan's first job in media was with a community television station in Canberra. She then gained a job for WIN Television as a reporter and presenter and moved to Sydney in 2010 to work for the Nine Network. In 2012, she joined The NRL Footy Show on a regular basis, appearing mainly on the "League of their Own" segment as well as being their roving reporter. In 2014, Molan became a permanent co-host of the program working alongside Paul Vautin, Darryl Brohman, Beau Ryan, and former test cricketer Michael Slater. Molan has also appeared on The Sunday Footy Show as a regular since 2012, mainly doing the "Around the Grounds" segment reporting.

Erin Molan


Molan hosted Nine's Wide World of Sports' coverage of the 2017 Fast5 Netball World Series. In May 2017, in the aftermath of domestic violence charges against Parramatta player Semi Radradra being dropped, Molan was publicly slammed by a small number of fans and by sections of the media for supposedly painting Radradra as being guilty and not giving the player the presumption of innocence when the allegations were first aired. Molan was asked by fans and the media to make a public apology to Radradra but no apology was forthcoming; Molan had publicly stated that Radradra deserved the presumption of innocence, and rather than being specific about his case, her comments were about what the NRL's stance ought to be in the event of domestic violence being found proven against any player, regardless of calibre.

Erin Molan


It was announced on 3 October 2018 that, after twenty-four years, The NRL Footy Show would be axed following the worst slide in ratings in the show's history. In December 2021, Molan resigned from the Nine Network to join Sky News Australia as a primetime contributor.

Erin Molan


In August 2018, Molan and The Sunday Footy Show issued former NRL player Dave Taylor with an apology after being accused of fat shaming the player during a video segment.

Erin Molan


In June 2020, Molan was criticised for mocking the name of Tongan Rugby League player Haumole Olakau'atu on the 2GB radio program The Continuous Call. Molan alleges that her nonsensical imitation of Olakau'atu's name was in reference to a previous discussion between the radio hosts where they grappled with how to correctly pronounce Pacific Islander names. Molan left the program at the end of the 2020 season. In March 2023, Molan settled a legal case against Daily Mail Australia which she claimed had defamed her by publishing reports about this matter. The case was resolved in mediation.

Erin Molan


Also in December 2021, Molan declined an approach to run as the Liberal Party of Australia candidate for the Division of Eden-Monaro in the 2022 Australian election, saying her future political ambitions with the Liberals are "down the track".

Erin Molan


In December 2024, Molan was abruptly fired from her position on Sky News. After her firing, she went on a trip to Israel, where she met with the country's president Isaac Herzog as well as relatives of hostages held by Hamas. Herzog praised Molan for her "moral clarity" in siding with Israel in its Gaza war. When asked why she was fired, she said it was due to "budget cuts".

Erin Molan


In February 2025, Molan became the host for 69 X Minutes, a news show funded by Elon Musk, which airs on X, formerly known as Twitter.

Erin Molan


In April 2017, Molan announced her engagement to policeman Sean Ogilvy. Their daughter was born in 2018. Three years later, Molan announced her relationship with fiancé Ogilvy had broken down.

Erin Molan


Molan is a Roman Catholic.

Erin Molan


List of Nine Network presenters

Erin Molan


Erin Molan on Facebook

Erin Molan


Erin Molan on Instagram

Erin Molan


Elinor is a song written and produced by Swedish musician Basshunter, released as a single on 20 November 2013, by Rush Hour.

Elinor (song)


On 26 July 2013, Basshunter announced he was retiring from singing to focus on DJing, producing, and songwriting, however his sixth single "Calling Time" from the album of the same name, was released on 27 September 2013. "Elinor" was released on 20 November 2013 by Rush Hour, being released as a single by Ultra Records on 17 December, and is a 3 minute and nine second-long dance song with a tempo of 145 beats per minute in the key of A minor. "Elinor" was written and produced by Basshunter. In 2016, Basshunter returned to recording and his next single "Masterpiece" was released on 19 October 2018, almost five years after "Elinor" was released.

Elinor (song)


In 2016, during an interview with Basshunter, Per Kågström from Göteborgs-Posten said it is strange that Basshunter sings many of his songs in Swedish abroad. Basshunter replied that the audience knows the lyrics anyway. In 2021 Basshunter played "Elinor" live during the Øresound Festival in Copenhangen. also playing in the Trädgår'n arena in Gothenburg and editor from Göteborgs-Posten considered this to be the best aspect of the Basshunter concert.

Elinor (song)


David Charles Michael Carter (born November 4, 1981) is a Canadian field hockey player who plays as a goalie for the Canada men's national field hockey team. He made his international debut on home soil against Chile in 2007 and registered a 1–1 draw. His first career win came at the Azlan Shah Cup Tournament in Malaysia against Belgium (4–3, extra-time) in 2008.

David Carter (field hockey)


Carter retired with 195 international caps and has represented Canada at the 2009 Pan American Cup, 2010 World Cup, 2010 Commonwealth Games, and 2011 Pan American Games, and the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, alongside various other international competitions. After playing for the UBC Thunderbirds for 5 years, he currently plays for the United Brothers of the Vancouver Premier League.

David Carter (field hockey)


Carter was selected Goaltender of the Tournament for the 2009 Pan American Cup, which qualified Canada for the 2010 World Cup to be held in New Delhi, India. He was also selected to the Pan American Elite Team in 2009.

David Carter (field hockey)


Instrumental in helping Canada qualify for the Rio Olympics in 2016, Carter was named both Player of the Tournament and Goalie of the Tournament at the World League Round 3 Event in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

David Carter (field hockey)


At the event, Canada defeated New Zealand in a 14-round shootout after regulation time ended 0–0, where Carter was called upon to make multiple saves in the quarterfinal matchup. He then achieved a silver medal in the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto and was nominated for FIH Goalie of the Year (he was again nominated in 2019). In 2015, he was named Field Hockey Canada Player of the Year and another selection to the Pan American Elite Team.

David Carter (field hockey)


In 2016, he was named to Canada's Olympic team. In June 2019, he was selected in the Canada squad for the 2019 Pan American Games. They won the silver medal after losing 5–2 to Argentina in the finals.

David Carter (field hockey)


David Carter at the International Hockey Federation

David Carter (field hockey)


David Carter at Field Hockey Canada (archived)

David Carter (field hockey)


David Carter at Team Canada

David Carter (field hockey)


David Carter at Olympics.com

David Carter (field hockey)


David Carter at Olympedia

David Carter (field hockey)


David Carter at the Toronto 2015 Pan American Games (archived)

David Carter (field hockey)


Tephrosia arenicola is a plant in the Fabaceae family, native to the north of Western Australia. The species has no synonyms.

Tephrosia arenicola


Tephrosia arenicola is shrub covered with dense intertwined hairs (tomentose). The shrub consists of several stems which arise from the base growing to about 50 cm high. The leaves are unifoliolate (compound leaves reduced to single leaflet - and recognizable by the jointed ‘petiole’). Their shape is elliptical to ovate, and the edges are entire. They have a dense covering of curved intertwined hairs, are about 0.3-0.5 mm long), and have 6 to 8 lateral veins below. The stipules are inconspicuous or absent. The flowers are axillary, solitary, stalkless and about 5-6 mm long. The calyx, too, is densely tomentose, with lobes which are narrow and which gradually taper to a fine apex, and are about 4 mm long. The standard is orbicular (5x6 mm) and densely covered with short weak hairs on the back. It is orange and has a yellow "eye" at its base. The wings are orange, and 4 x 1.5 mm. The keel is a dark orange (4 x 1.5 mm). The stamens are 9+1, and the style is flattened with  a brush-like beard along the adaxial side. The stigma has a bearded tip. The ovary is densely covered with short, weak, soft hairs.

Tephrosia arenicola


It flowers from April to May.

Tephrosia arenicola


Distribution and habitat

Tephrosia arenicola


It is found in the IBRA regions of the Central Kimberley, the Gascoyne, the Gibson Desert, the Great Sandy Desert, the Little Sandy Desert, and the Pilbara, growing on sandplains, sand ridges, and drainage lines, on red sand, sandy gravel, and alluvium.

Tephrosia arenicola


It has been declared as "not threatened" under the state conservation act.

Tephrosia arenicola


Tephrosia arenicola occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium

Tephrosia arenicola


Hong Shan, Hongshan or the Red Mountain (Chinese: 红山; Pinyin: Hóng Shān; Uyghur: قىزىلتاغ, Қизилтағ; Qiziltagh) is an inner city mountain in Ürümqi, capital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. The mountain, sometimes referred to as a hill for its smaller size than a mountain in land form, is the symbolic scenic spot of Ürümqi. The local Ürümqi Television Station adopted the shape of Hong Shan in red as its logo.

Hong Shan


As the rocks of the mountain reflect a bright red color, people call it Hong Shan ("Red Mountain" in Chinese). The red rocks are composed of dark purple sand gravel laid down during the Permian period. Hong Shan Mountain lies at the intersection of Hongshan Road (红山路) and Riverside Road (Hetan Road) (河滩路), Ürümqi, and is best viewed from Xi Daqiao Bridge (西大桥).

Hong Shan


Hong Shan Park is in the center of Ürümqi  and contains a 1391-meter-high mountain. The temple lying on the hilltop is called Yu Huang Ge ("Chamber of Heavenly King") and is said to have been built during the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD), when many monks studied scripture there. There is a nine-storey pagoda named Zhen Long Ta (Genuine dragon Pagoda) at the top of the mountain. It was built in Yuan dynasty (1277–1367 AD). This 25-meter pagoda has been preserved carefully ever since it was built. The pagoda's view at sunset is considered to be one of the eight most famous scenic sights in ancient Ürümqi.

Hong Shan


Before the Chinese government began the cultivation-planting project in Xinjiang, Hong Shan was treeless. After several years of planting, the mountain gained its current tree covered appearance.

Hong Shan


Pictorial History of Urumqi’s Hong Shan Park (in English)

Hong Shan


天山网：乌鲁木齐－红山 (in Chinese)

Hong Shan


Thakurgangti is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Godda subdivision of the Godda district, Jharkhand state, India.

Thakurgangti


Rameshwar Thakur, independence activist, former Union Minister and Governor of several states, was born at Thakurgangti.

Thakurgangti


Thakurgangti, the eponymous CD block headquarters, is located at 25°7′45″N 87°27′13″E.

Thakurgangti


It is located 48 km from Godda, the district headquarters.

Thakurgangti


Godda district is a plateau region with undulating uplands, long ridges and depressions. The western portion of the Rajmahal hills passes through the district. The plain areas have lost its once rich forests but the hills still retain some. Kajhia, Sunder and Sakri rivers flow through the district.

Thakurgangti


Thakurgangti CD block is bounded by Pirpainti CD block in Bhagalpur district of Bihar on the north, Mandro CD block in  Sahibganj district on the east, Boarijor CD block on the south and Meharama CD block on the west.

Thakurgangti


Thakurgangti CD block has an area of 84.71 km2. Thakurgangti police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD block is at Thakurgangti village.

Thakurgangti


According to the 2011 Census of India, Thakurgangti CD block had a total population of 99,603, all of which were rural. There were 51,822 (52%) males and 47,781 (48%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 18,978. Scheduled Castes numbered 8,159 (8.19%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 13,304 (13.36%).

Thakurgangti


According to the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Thakurgangti CD block was 45,665 (56.64% of the population over 6 years) out of which 28,495 (62%) were males and 17,170 (38%) were females. The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 24%.

Thakurgangti


See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate

Thakurgangti


Language and religion

Thakurgangti


At the time of the 2011 census, 11.37% of the population spoke Santali, 9.21% Kurmali, 5.07% Urdu, 4.60% Bengali, 2.22% Bhojpuri, 2.11% Hindi, 1.65% Magahi, 1.40% Khortha and 1.39% Kurukh as their first language. 56.15% of the population recorded their language as 'Others' under Hindi and 4.16% spoke 'Others' under Gujarati as their first language.

Thakurgangti


40-50% of the population of Godda district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Giridih, Koderma and Hazaribagh districts. Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.

Thakurgangti


In Thakurgangti CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 6,530 and formed 15.69%, agricultural labourers numbered 22,550 and formed 54.12%, household industry workers numbered 6,564 and formed 15.75% and other workers numbered 6,017 and formed 14.44%. Total workers numbered 41,670 and formed 41.84% of the total population. Non-workers numbered 57,933 and formed  50.36% of total population.

Thakurgangti


Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. A person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers and entertainment artistes.

Thakurgangti


There are 146 inhabited villages in Thakurgangti CD block. In 2011, 29 villages had power supply. 133 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 107 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 11 villages had post offices, 18 villages had sub post offices, 15 villages had telephones (land lines), 2 villages had public call offices and 67 villages had mobile phone coverage. 109 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 40 villages had bus service (public/ private), 9 villages had autos/ modified autos, 10 villages had taxis/ vans and 22 villages had tractors, 1 village had navigable waterway. 4 villages had bank branches, 36 villages had cinema/ video halls, 40 villages had public libraries, public reading room. 71 villages had public distribution system, 58 villages had weekly haat (market) and 103 villages had assembly polling stations.

Thakurgangti


Around 80% of the population depends on agriculture, the main economic activity of the district but lack of irrigation facilities is a major constraint in raising the existing low levels of productivity. A sizable population is also engaged in animal husbandry and cottage industries.

Thakurgangti


The livelihood scenario presented above indicates that a large population depends on agriculture. In Thakurgangti CD block 75.46% of the total area is cultivable area and 15.72% of the cultivable area is irrigated area.

Thakurgangti


Backward Regions Grant Fund

Thakurgangti


Godda district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.

Thakurgangti


Thakurgangti CD block had 50 villages with pre-primary schools, 85 villages with primary schools, 45 villages with middle schools, 5 villages with secondary schools, 1 village with senior secondary school, 1 village with non-formal training centre, 55 villages with no educational facility.

Thakurgangti


.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

Thakurgangti


Thakurgangti CD block had 2 villages with primary health centres, 5 villages with primary health subcentres, 2 villages with dispensaries.

Thakurgangti


.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

Thakurgangti


The suanpan (simplified Chinese: 算盘; traditional Chinese: 算盤; pinyin: suànpán), also spelled suan pan or souanpan) is an abacus of Chinese origin. The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BCE during the Han dynasty, and it was later described in a 190 CE book of the Eastern Han dynasty, namely Supplementary Notes on the Art of Figures written by Xu Yue. However, the exact design of this suanpan is not known.

Suanpan