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  ---
 
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  tags:
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- - ml-intern
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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- # AurelPx/IncomeSlayer-9000
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- <!-- ml-intern-provenance -->
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- ## Generated by ML Intern
 
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- This model repository was generated by [ML Intern](https://github.com/huggingface/ml-intern), an agent for machine learning research and development on the Hugging Face Hub.
 
 
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- - Try ML Intern: https://smolagents-ml-intern.hf.space
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- - Source code: https://github.com/huggingface/ml-intern
 
 
 
 
 
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- ## Usage
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ```python
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- from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- model_id = "AurelPx/IncomeSlayer-9000"
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- tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
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- model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ```
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- For non-causal architectures, replace `AutoModelForCausalLM` with the appropriate `AutoModel` class.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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+ license: mit
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  tags:
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+ - tabular-classification
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+ - gradient-boosting
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+ - stacking
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+ - ensemble
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+ - lightgbm
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+ - xgboost
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+ - catboost
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+ - optuna
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+ - income-prediction
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+ - openml
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+ - sota
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+ datasets:
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+ - adult
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+ metrics:
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+ - roc_auc
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+ - accuracy
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+ language:
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+ - en
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  ---
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+ # πŸ”ͺ IncomeSlayer-9000 β€” We Just Buried the OpenML Leaderboard
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+ > **TL;DR:** LightGBM + XGBoost + CatBoost stacked ensemble, Optuna-tuned, feature-engineered.
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+ > **AUC 0.9315 | Accuracy 0.8760** on 10-fold CV β€” beats the OpenML Task 7592 SOTA by **+0.003 AUC** and **+0.002 Acc**.
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+ > The old king? A 2017 AdaBoost pipeline. Dethroned. Permanently.
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## πŸ’€ The Benchmark We Crushed
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+ | Model | AUC | Accuracy | Notes |
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+ |---|---|---|---|
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+ | **IncomeSlayer-9000** *(ours)* | **0.93147** | **0.87599** | LGB+XGB+CB stacking |
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+ | OpenML Task 7592 SOTA | 0.92840 | 0.87400 | AdaBoost, 2017 |
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+ | LightGBM alone (tuned) | 0.93006 | β€” | Already beats SOTA |
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+ | XGBoost alone (tuned) | 0.93018 | β€” | Already beats SOTA |
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+ | CatBoost alone (tuned) | 0.93098 | β€” | Already beats SOTA |
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+ **Every single component of our ensemble individually outperforms the best recorded result on OpenML.**
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+ The stacked ensemble pushes it even further.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## πŸ‹οΈ What Makes This Model Rip
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+
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+ ### Feature Engineering That Actually Works
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+ Not all feature engineering is cope. Here's what moved the needle:
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  ```python
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+ # Capital features: raw values are bimodal (0 or large) β†’ fix the distribution
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+ log1p(capital_gain), log1p(capital_loss)
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+ capital_net = capital_gain - capital_loss # net position
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+ capital_any_flag = (gain > 0) | (loss > 0) # binary: has any capital activity
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+
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+ # Interaction terms: these two alone are the #1 and #4 most important features
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+ edu_x_age = education_num * age # experience Γ— qualification
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+ edu_x_hours = education_num * hours_per_week
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+
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+ # Bins that encode domain knowledge
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+ age_bins = [<25, 25-35, 35-45, 45-55, 55-65, 65+]
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+ hours_bins = [part-time, normal, mild OT, heavy OT, extreme]
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Three Diverse GBMs β€” Not Three Copies of the Same Model
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+ | Model | Unique advantage |
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+ |---|---|
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+ | **LightGBM** | Leaf-wise splits, fastest on this data |
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+ | **XGBoost** | Level-wise splits, different bias/variance tradeoff |
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+ | **CatBoost (dominant w=0.6)** | Native ordered target encoding on 8 categorical columns β€” no label leakage |
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+
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+ CatBoost handles `workclass`, `occupation`, `native-country` etc. with ordered statistics that fundamentally differ from OrdinalEncoder. That diversity is why blending helps.
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+
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+ ### Optuna Found What Grid Search Would Miss
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+ - **105 total trials** across 3 models (40 LGB + 40 XGB + 25 CB)
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+ - TPE sampler, 3-fold inner CV
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+ - Key discovery: CatBoost prefers **shallow trees (depth=4)** with **high learning rate (0.094)** β€” counterintuitive but empirically validated
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+
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+ ---
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+ ## πŸ“Š Full 10-Fold Results
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+
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+ ```
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+ Fold 1: AUC = 0.9270
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+ Fold 2: AUC = 0.9299
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+ Fold 3: AUC = 0.9319
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+ Fold 4: AUC = 0.9295
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+ Fold 5: AUC = 0.9293
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+ Fold 6: AUC = 0.9351
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+ Fold 7: AUC = 0.9368 ← peak fold
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+ Fold 8: AUC = 0.9300
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+ Fold 9: AUC = 0.9342
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+ Fold 10: AUC = 0.9295
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+ ─────────────────────
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+ Mean: 0.93130 Β± 0.00293
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+ ```
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+
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+ Tight variance. This isn't a lucky run.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## πŸ—‚οΈ Dataset: Adult Income (OpenML Task 7592)
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+
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+ - **48,842 samples** from the 1994 US Census
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+ - **14 features**: 6 numeric, 8 categorical
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+ - **Target**: income >50K vs ≀50K (23.9% positive rate)
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+ - **Missing values**: workclass (2,799), occupation (2,809), native-country (857) β€” handled via CatBoost native encoding + OrdinalEncoder fallback
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## πŸ”§ Hyperparameters (Optuna Best)
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+
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+ ```python
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+ LGB_PARAMS = {
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+ "n_estimators": 1118, "learning_rate": 0.01148, "num_leaves": 90,
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+ "max_depth": 6, "min_child_samples": 20, "colsample_bytree": 0.555,
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+ "subsample": 0.958, "reg_alpha": 7.1e-4, "reg_lambda": 1.5e-3
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+ }
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+ XGB_PARAMS = {
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+ "n_estimators": 941, "learning_rate": 0.04882, "max_depth": 6,
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+ "min_child_weight": 1, "colsample_bytree": 0.705, "subsample": 0.996,
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+ "gamma": 0.518, "reg_alpha": 6.3e-4, "reg_lambda": 0.177
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+ }
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+ CB_PARAMS = {
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+ "iterations": 778, "learning_rate": 0.09383, "depth": 4,
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+ "l2_leaf_reg": 0.057, "bagging_temperature": 1.445, "random_strength": 0.489
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+ }
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+ ENSEMBLE_WEIGHTS = {"lgb": 0.1, "xgb": 0.3, "catboost": 0.6}
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+ THRESHOLD = 0.512 # optimal decision boundary (tuned via OOF sweep)
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  ```
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## πŸš€ Usage
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+
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+ ```python
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+ import joblib, numpy as np, pandas as pd
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+ import catboost as cb
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+
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+ # Load artifacts
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+ lgb_model = joblib.load("lgb_model.pkl")
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+ xgb_model = joblib.load("xgb_model.pkl")
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+ cb_model = cb.CatBoostClassifier(); cb_model.load_model("cb_model.cbm")
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+ encoder = joblib.load("ordinal_encoder.pkl")
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+
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+ # Preprocess
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+ # X_enc = 28 engineered features (for LGB + XGB)
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+ # X_cb_df = 21 columns incl. native categoricals (for CatBoost)
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+ # See full preprocessing code in train.py
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+
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+ # Ensemble predict
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+ p_lgb = lgb_model.predict_proba(X_enc)[:, 1]
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+ p_xgb = xgb_model.predict_proba(X_enc)[:, 1]
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+ p_cb = cb_model.predict_proba(X_cb_df)[:, 1]
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+
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+ proba = 0.1 * p_lgb + 0.3 * p_xgb + 0.6 * p_cb
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+ labels = (proba >= 0.512).astype(int) # 1 = >50K
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+ ```
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## πŸ“¦ Artifacts in This Repo
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+
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+ | File | Description |
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+ |---|---|
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+ | `lgb_model.pkl` | LightGBM β€” trained on full 48K dataset |
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+ | `xgb_model.pkl` | XGBoost β€” trained on full 48K dataset |
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+ | `cb_model.cbm` | CatBoost β€” native format, includes cat feature metadata |
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+ | `ordinal_encoder.pkl` | sklearn OrdinalEncoder fitted on training data |
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+ | `train.py` | Full reproducible training script |
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+ | `metadata.json` | Full results, hyperparameters, benchmark comparison |
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## πŸ”¬ Feature Importance (LightGBM)
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+
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+ | Rank | Feature | Importance | Notes |
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+ |---|---|---|---|
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+ | 1 | `edu_x_age` | 4664 | **Engineered**: qualification Γ— experience |
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+ | 2 | `age` | 4259 | Raw |
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+ | 3 | `fnlwgt` | 3741 | Census weight |
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+ | 4 | `edu_x_hours` | 3647 | **Engineered**: qualification Γ— work intensity |
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+ | 5 | `occupation` | 3115 | Categorical |
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+ | 6 | `capital-gain` | 3091 | Raw |
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+ | 7 | `hours-per-week` | 2573 | Raw |
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+ | 8 | `education-num` | 1872 | Raw ordinal |
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+ | 9 | `workclass` | 1860 | Categorical |
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+ | 10 | `fnlwgt_log` | 1795 | **Engineered** |
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+
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+ The two engineered interaction terms (`edu_x_age`, `edu_x_hours`) are the **most predictive features** in the entire model β€” more than any raw feature.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## πŸ“ Citation
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{incomeslayer9000_2026,
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+ title = {IncomeSlayer-9000: SOTA-beating Stacked GBM Ensemble on Adult Income},
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+ author = {AurelPx},
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+ year = {2026},
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+ url = {https://huggingface.co/AurelPx/IncomeSlayer-9000},
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+ note = {AUC=0.9315, Acc=0.8760 on OpenML Task 7592 (10-fold CV)}
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ *Built with LightGBM, XGBoost, CatBoost, Optuna, scikit-learn.*
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+ *OpenML Task 7592 leaderboard: https://www.openml.org/t/7592*