complete Readme
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README.md
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| 1 |
+
---
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| 2 |
+
language: "ca"
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| 3 |
+
tags:
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| 4 |
+
- masked-lm
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| 5 |
+
- BERTa
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| 6 |
+
- catalan
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| 7 |
+
---
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| 8 |
+
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| 9 |
+
# BERTa: RoBERTa-based Catalan language model
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| 10 |
+
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| 11 |
+
## Model description
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| 12 |
+
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| 13 |
+
BERTa is a transformer-based masked language model for the Catalan language.
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| 14 |
+
It is based on the [RoBERTA](https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/roberta) base model
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| 15 |
+
and has been trained on a medium-size corpus collected from publicly available corpora and crawlers.
|
| 16 |
+
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| 17 |
+
## Training corpora and preprocessing
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| 18 |
+
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| 19 |
+
The training corpus consists of several corpora gathered from web crawling and public corpora.
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| 20 |
+
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| 21 |
+
The publicly available corpora are:
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| 22 |
+
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| 23 |
+
1. the Catalan part of the [DOGC](http://opus.nlpl.eu/DOGC-v2.php) corpus, a set of documents from the Official Gazette of the Catalan Government
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| 24 |
+
|
| 25 |
+
2. the [Catalan Open Subtitles](http://opus.nlpl.eu/download.php?f=OpenSubtitles/v2018/mono/OpenSubtitles.raw.ca.gz), a collection of translated movie subtitles
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| 26 |
+
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| 27 |
+
3. the non-shuffled version of the Catalan part of the [OSCAR](https://traces1.inria.fr/oscar/) corpus \cite{suarez2019asynchronous},
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| 28 |
+
a collection of monolingual corpora, filtered from [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/about/)
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| 29 |
+
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| 30 |
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4. The [CaWac](http://nlp.ffzg.hr/resources/corpora/cawac/) corpus, a web corpus of Catalan built from the .cat top-level-domain in late 2013
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| 31 |
+
the non-deduplicated version
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| 32 |
+
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| 33 |
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5. the [Catalan Wikipedia articles](https://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/wikimedia.org/dumps/cawiki/20200801/) downloaded on 18-08-2020.
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| 34 |
+
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| 35 |
+
The crawled corpora are:
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| 36 |
+
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| 37 |
+
6. The Catalan General Crawling, obtained by crawling the 500 most popular .cat and .ad domains
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| 38 |
+
7. the Catalan Government Crawling, obtained by crawling the .gencat domain and subdomains, belonging to the Catalan Government
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| 39 |
+
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| 40 |
+
8. the ACN corpus with 220k news items from March 2015 until October 2020, crawled from the [Catalan News Agency](https://www.acn.cat/)
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| 41 |
+
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| 42 |
+
To obtain a high-quality training corpus, each corpus have preprocessed with a pipeline of operations, including among the others,
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| 43 |
+
sentence splitting, language detection, filtering of bad-formed sentences and deduplication of repetitive contents.
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| 44 |
+
During the process, we keep document boundaries are kept.
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| 45 |
+
Finally, the corpora are concatenated and further global deduplication among the corpora is applied.
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| 46 |
+
The final training corpus consists of about 1,8B tokens.
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| 47 |
+
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| 48 |
+
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| 49 |
+
## Tokenization and pretraining
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| 50 |
+
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| 51 |
+
The training corpus has been tokenized using a byte version of [Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE)](https://github.com/openai/gpt-2)
|
| 52 |
+
used in the original [RoBERTA](https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/roberta) model with a vocabulary size of 52,000 tokens.
|
| 53 |
+
The BERTa pretraining consists of a masked language model training that follows the approach employed for the RoBERTa base model
|
| 54 |
+
with the same hyperparameters as in the original work.
|
| 55 |
+
The training lasted a total of 48 hours with 16 NVIDIA V100 GPUs of 16GB DDRAM.
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| 56 |
+
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| 57 |
+
## Evaluation
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| 58 |
+
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| 59 |
+
## CLUB benchmark
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| 60 |
+
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| 61 |
+
The BERTa model has been fine-tuned on the downstream tasks of the Catalan Language Understanding Evaluation benchmark (CLUB),
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| 62 |
+
that has been created along with the model.
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| 63 |
+
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| 64 |
+
It contains the following tasks and their related datasets:
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| 65 |
+
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| 66 |
+
1. Part-of-Speech Tagging (POS)
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| 67 |
+
|
| 68 |
+
**Catalan-Ancora**: from the [Universal Dependencies treebank](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/UD_Catalan-AnCora) of the well-known Ancora corpus
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| 69 |
+
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| 70 |
+
2. Named Entity Recognition (NER)
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| 71 |
+
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| 72 |
+
**[AnCora Catalan 2.0.0](https://zenodo.org/record/4762031#.YKaFjqGxWUk)**: extracted named entities from the original [Ancora](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4762030) version,
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| 73 |
+
filtering out some unconventional ones, like book titles, and transcribed them into a standard CONLL-IOB format
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| 74 |
+
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| 75 |
+
3. Text Classification (TC)
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| 76 |
+
|
| 77 |
+
**[TeCla](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4627197)**: consisting of 137k news pieces from the Catalan News Agency ([ACN](https://www.acn.cat/)) corpus
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| 78 |
+
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| 79 |
+
4. Semantic Texual Similarity (STS)
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| 80 |
+
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| 81 |
+
**[Catalan semantic texual similarity](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529183)**: consting of more than 3000 sentence pairs, annotated with the semantic similarity between them,
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| 82 |
+
scraped from the [Catalan Textual Corpus](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4519349)
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| 83 |
+
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| 84 |
+
5. Question Answering (QA):
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| 85 |
+
|
| 86 |
+
**[ViquiQuAD](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4562344)**: consisting of more than 15,000 questions outsourced from Catalan Wikipedia randomly chosen from a set of 596 articles which were
|
| 87 |
+
originally written in Catalan.
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| 88 |
+
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| 89 |
+
**[XQuAD](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4526223)**: the Catalan translation of XQuAD, a multilingual collection of manual translations of 1,190
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| 90 |
+
question-answer pairs from English Wikipedia used only as test set
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| 91 |
+
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| 92 |
+
## Results
|
| 93 |
+
|
| 94 |
+
Below the evaluation results on the CLUB tasks compared with the multilingual mBERT, XLM-RoBERTa models and
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| 95 |
+
the Catalan WikiBERT-ca model
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| 96 |
+
|
| 97 |
+
|
| 98 |
+
| Task | NER (F1) | POS (F1) | STS (Pearson) | TC (accuracy) | QA (ViquiQuAD) (F1/EM) | QA (XQuAD) (F1/EM) |
|
| 99 |
+
| ------------|:-------------:| -----:|:------|:-------|:------|:----|
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| 100 |
+
| BERTa | **88.13** | **98.97** | **79.73** | **74.16** | **86.97/72.29** | **68.89/48.87** |
|
| 101 |
+
| mBERT | 86.38 | 98.82 | 76.34 | 70.56 | 86.97/72.22 | 67.15/46.51 |
|
| 102 |
+
| XLM-RoBERTa | 87.66 | 98.89 | 75.40 | 71.68 | 85.50/70.47 | 67.10/46.42 |
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| 103 |
+
| WikiBERT-ca | 77.66 | 97.60 | 77.18 | 73.22 | 85.45/70.75 | 65.21/36.60 |
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| 104 |
+
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| 105 |
+
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| 106 |
+
## Intended uses & limitations
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| 107 |
+
The model is ready-to-use only for masked language modelling to perform the Fill Mask task (try the inference API or read the next section)
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| 108 |
+
However, the is intended to be fine-tuned on non-generative downstream tasks such as Question Answering, Text Classification or Named Entity Recognition.
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| 109 |
+
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| 110 |
+
---
|
| 111 |
+
|
| 112 |
+
## Using BERTa
|
| 113 |
+
## Load model and tokenizer
|
| 114 |
+
|
| 115 |
+
``` python
|
| 116 |
+
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForMaskedLM
|
| 117 |
+
|
| 118 |
+
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("bsc/roberta-base-ca-cased")
|
| 119 |
+
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| 120 |
+
model = AutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("bsc/roberta-base-ca-cased")
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| 121 |
+
```
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| 122 |
+
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| 123 |
+
## Fill Mask task
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| 124 |
+
|
| 125 |
+
Below, an example of how to use the masked language modeling task with a pipeline.
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| 126 |
+
|
| 127 |
+
```python
|
| 128 |
+
>>> from transformers import pipeline
|
| 129 |
+
>>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='bsc/roberta-base')
|
| 130 |
+
>>> unmasker("Situada a la costa de la mar Mediterrània, <mask> s'assenta en una plana formada "
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| 131 |
+
"entre els deltes de les desembocadures dels rius Llobregat, al sud-oest, "
|
| 132 |
+
"i Besòs, al nord-est, i limitada pel sud-est per la línia de costa,"
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| 133 |
+
"i pel nord-oest per la serralada de Collserola "
|
| 134 |
+
"(amb el cim del Tibidabo, 516,2 m, com a punt més alt) que segueix paral·lela "
|
| 135 |
+
"la línia de costa encaixant la ciutat en un perímetre molt definit.")
|
| 136 |
+
|
| 137 |
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[
|
| 138 |
+
{
|
| 139 |
+
"sequence": " Situada a la costa de la mar Mediterrània, <mask> s'assenta en una plana formada "
|
| 140 |
+
"entre els deltes de les desembocadures dels rius Llobregat, al sud-oest, "
|
| 141 |
+
"i Besòs, al nord-est, i limitada pel sud-est per la línia de costa,"
|
| 142 |
+
"i pel nord-oest per la serralada de Collserola "
|
| 143 |
+
"(amb el cim del Tibidabo, 516,2 m, com a punt més alt) que segueix paral·lela "
|
| 144 |
+
"la línia de costa encaixant la ciutat en un perímetre molt definit.",
|
| 145 |
+
"score": 0.4177263379096985,
|
| 146 |
+
"token": 734,
|
| 147 |
+
"token_str": " Barcelona"
|
| 148 |
+
},
|
| 149 |
+
{
|
| 150 |
+
"sequence": " Situada a la costa de la mar Mediterrània, <mask> s'assenta en una plana formada "
|
| 151 |
+
"entre els deltes de les desembocadures dels rius Llobregat, al sud-oest, "
|
| 152 |
+
"i Besòs, al nord-est, i limitada pel sud-est per la línia de costa,"
|
| 153 |
+
"i pel nord-oest per la serralada de Collserola "
|
| 154 |
+
"(amb el cim del Tibidabo, 516,2 m, com a punt més alt) que segueix paral·lela "
|
| 155 |
+
"la línia de costa encaixant la ciutat en un perímetre molt definit.",
|
| 156 |
+
"score": 0.10696165263652802,
|
| 157 |
+
"token": 3849,
|
| 158 |
+
"token_str": " Badalona"
|
| 159 |
+
},
|
| 160 |
+
{
|
| 161 |
+
"sequence": " Situada a la costa de la mar Mediterrània, <mask> s'assenta en una plana formada "
|
| 162 |
+
"entre els deltes de les desembocadures dels rius Llobregat, al sud-oest, "
|
| 163 |
+
"i Besòs, al nord-est, i limitada pel sud-est per la línia de costa,"
|
| 164 |
+
"i pel nord-oest per la serralada de Collserola "
|
| 165 |
+
"(amb el cim del Tibidabo, 516,2 m, com a punt més alt) que segueix paral·lela "
|
| 166 |
+
"la línia de costa encaixant la ciutat en un perímetre molt definit.",
|
| 167 |
+
"score": 0.08135009557008743,
|
| 168 |
+
"token": 19349,
|
| 169 |
+
"token_str": " Collserola"
|
| 170 |
+
},
|
| 171 |
+
{
|
| 172 |
+
"sequence": " Situada a la costa de la mar Mediterrània, <mask> s'assenta en una plana formada "
|
| 173 |
+
"entre els deltes de les desembocadures dels rius Llobregat, al sud-oest, "
|
| 174 |
+
"i Besòs, al nord-est, i limitada pel sud-est per la línia de costa,"
|
| 175 |
+
"i pel nord-oest per la serralada de Collserola "
|
| 176 |
+
"(amb el cim del Tibidabo, 516,2 m, com a punt més alt) que segueix paral·lela "
|
| 177 |
+
"la línia de costa encaixant la ciutat en un perímetre molt definit.",
|
| 178 |
+
"score": 0.07330769300460815,
|
| 179 |
+
"token": 4974,
|
| 180 |
+
"token_str": " Terrassa"
|
| 181 |
+
},
|
| 182 |
+
{
|
| 183 |
+
"sequence": " Situada a la costa de la mar Mediterrània, <mask> s'assenta en una plana formada "
|
| 184 |
+
"entre els deltes de les desembocadures dels rius Llobregat, al sud-oest, "
|
| 185 |
+
"i Besòs, al nord-est, i limitada pel sud-est per la línia de costa,"
|
| 186 |
+
"i pel nord-oest per la serralada de Collserola "
|
| 187 |
+
"(amb el cim del Tibidabo, 516,2 m, com a punt més alt) que segueix paral·lela "
|
| 188 |
+
"la línia de costa encaixant la ciutat en un perímetre molt definit.",
|
| 189 |
+
"score": 0.03317456692457199,
|
| 190 |
+
"token": 14333,
|
| 191 |
+
"token_str": " Gavà"
|
| 192 |
+
}
|
| 193 |
+
]
|
| 194 |
+
```
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| 195 |
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| 196 |
+
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| 197 |
+
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| 198 |
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### BibTeX citation
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| 199 |
+
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| 200 |
+
```bibtex
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| 201 |
+
Armengol-Estapé J., Carrino CP., Rodriguez-Penagos C.,
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| 202 |
+
de Gibert Bonet O., Armentano-Oller C., Gonzalez-Agirre A., Melero M.
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| 203 |
+
and Villegas M., "Are Multilingual Models the Best Choice for Moderately
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| 204 |
+
Under-resourced Languages? A Comprehensive Assessment for Catalan".
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| 205 |
+
Findings of ACL 2021 (ACL-IJCNLP 2021)
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| 206 |
+
```
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