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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..76a400c1cb8e6b59821c1a0a4c2ba385bc06a520 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py @@ -0,0 +1,2807 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import array +import asyncio +import concurrent.futures +import math +import os +import socket +import sys +import threading +import weakref +from asyncio import ( + AbstractEventLoop, + CancelledError, + all_tasks, + create_task, + current_task, + get_running_loop, + sleep, +) +from asyncio.base_events import _run_until_complete_cb # type: ignore[attr-defined] +from collections import OrderedDict, deque +from collections.abc import ( + AsyncGenerator, + AsyncIterator, + Awaitable, + Callable, + Collection, + Coroutine, + Iterable, + Sequence, +) +from concurrent.futures import Future +from contextlib import AbstractContextManager, suppress +from contextvars import Context, copy_context +from dataclasses import dataclass +from functools import partial, wraps +from inspect import ( + CORO_RUNNING, + CORO_SUSPENDED, + getcoroutinestate, + iscoroutine, +) +from io import IOBase +from os import PathLike +from queue import Queue +from signal import Signals +from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind +from threading import Thread +from types import CodeType, TracebackType +from typing import ( + IO, + TYPE_CHECKING, + Any, + Optional, + TypeVar, + cast, +) +from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary + +import sniffio + +from .. import ( + CapacityLimiterStatistics, + EventStatistics, + LockStatistics, + TaskInfo, + abc, +) +from .._core._eventloop import claim_worker_thread, threadlocals +from .._core._exceptions import ( + BrokenResourceError, + BusyResourceError, + ClosedResourceError, + EndOfStream, + WouldBlock, + iterate_exceptions, +) +from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr +from .._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream +from .._core._synchronization import ( + CapacityLimiter as BaseCapacityLimiter, +) +from .._core._synchronization import Event as BaseEvent +from .._core._synchronization import Lock as BaseLock +from .._core._synchronization import ( + ResourceGuard, + SemaphoreStatistics, +) +from .._core._synchronization import Semaphore as BaseSemaphore +from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as BaseCancelScope +from ..abc import ( + AsyncBackend, + IPSockAddrType, + SocketListener, + UDPPacketType, + UNIXDatagramPacketType, +) +from ..abc._eventloop import StrOrBytesPath +from ..lowlevel import RunVar +from ..streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike +else: + FileDescriptorLike = object + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 10): + from typing import ParamSpec +else: + from typing_extensions import ParamSpec + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 11): + from asyncio import Runner + from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack +else: + import contextvars + import enum + import signal + from asyncio import coroutines, events, exceptions, tasks + + from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup + from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack + + class _State(enum.Enum): + CREATED = "created" + INITIALIZED = "initialized" + CLOSED = "closed" + + class Runner: + # Copied from CPython 3.11 + def __init__( + self, + *, + debug: bool | None = None, + loop_factory: Callable[[], AbstractEventLoop] | None = None, + ): + self._state = _State.CREATED + self._debug = debug + self._loop_factory = loop_factory + self._loop: AbstractEventLoop | None = None + self._context = None + self._interrupt_count = 0 + self._set_event_loop = False + + def __enter__(self) -> Runner: + self._lazy_init() + return self + + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException], + exc_val: BaseException, + exc_tb: TracebackType, + ) -> None: + self.close() + + def close(self) -> None: + """Shutdown and close event loop.""" + if self._state is not _State.INITIALIZED: + return + try: + loop = self._loop + _cancel_all_tasks(loop) + loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens()) + if hasattr(loop, "shutdown_default_executor"): + loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_default_executor()) + else: + loop.run_until_complete(_shutdown_default_executor(loop)) + finally: + if self._set_event_loop: + events.set_event_loop(None) + loop.close() + self._loop = None + self._state = _State.CLOSED + + def get_loop(self) -> AbstractEventLoop: + """Return embedded event loop.""" + self._lazy_init() + return self._loop + + def run(self, coro: Coroutine[T_Retval], *, context=None) -> T_Retval: + """Run a coroutine inside the embedded event loop.""" + if not coroutines.iscoroutine(coro): + raise ValueError(f"a coroutine was expected, got {coro!r}") + + if events._get_running_loop() is not None: + # fail fast with short traceback + raise RuntimeError( + "Runner.run() cannot be called from a running event loop" + ) + + self._lazy_init() + + if context is None: + context = self._context + task = context.run(self._loop.create_task, coro) + + if ( + threading.current_thread() is threading.main_thread() + and signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT) is signal.default_int_handler + ): + sigint_handler = partial(self._on_sigint, main_task=task) + try: + signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint_handler) + except ValueError: + # `signal.signal` may throw if `threading.main_thread` does + # not support signals (e.g. embedded interpreter with signals + # not registered - see gh-91880) + sigint_handler = None + else: + sigint_handler = None + + self._interrupt_count = 0 + try: + return self._loop.run_until_complete(task) + except exceptions.CancelledError: + if self._interrupt_count > 0: + uncancel = getattr(task, "uncancel", None) + if uncancel is not None and uncancel() == 0: + raise KeyboardInterrupt() + raise # CancelledError + finally: + if ( + sigint_handler is not None + and signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT) is sigint_handler + ): + signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.default_int_handler) + + def _lazy_init(self) -> None: + if self._state is _State.CLOSED: + raise RuntimeError("Runner is closed") + if self._state is _State.INITIALIZED: + return + if self._loop_factory is None: + self._loop = events.new_event_loop() + if not self._set_event_loop: + # Call set_event_loop only once to avoid calling + # attach_loop multiple times on child watchers + events.set_event_loop(self._loop) + self._set_event_loop = True + else: + self._loop = self._loop_factory() + if self._debug is not None: + self._loop.set_debug(self._debug) + self._context = contextvars.copy_context() + self._state = _State.INITIALIZED + + def _on_sigint(self, signum, frame, main_task: asyncio.Task) -> None: + self._interrupt_count += 1 + if self._interrupt_count == 1 and not main_task.done(): + main_task.cancel() + # wakeup loop if it is blocked by select() with long timeout + self._loop.call_soon_threadsafe(lambda: None) + return + raise KeyboardInterrupt() + + def _cancel_all_tasks(loop: AbstractEventLoop) -> None: + to_cancel = tasks.all_tasks(loop) + if not to_cancel: + return + + for task in to_cancel: + task.cancel() + + loop.run_until_complete(tasks.gather(*to_cancel, return_exceptions=True)) + + for task in to_cancel: + if task.cancelled(): + continue + if task.exception() is not None: + loop.call_exception_handler( + { + "message": "unhandled exception during asyncio.run() shutdown", + "exception": task.exception(), + "task": task, + } + ) + + async def _shutdown_default_executor(loop: AbstractEventLoop) -> None: + """Schedule the shutdown of the default executor.""" + + def _do_shutdown(future: asyncio.futures.Future) -> None: + try: + loop._default_executor.shutdown(wait=True) # type: ignore[attr-defined] + loop.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_result, None) + except Exception as ex: + loop.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_exception, ex) + + loop._executor_shutdown_called = True + if loop._default_executor is None: + return + future = loop.create_future() + thread = threading.Thread(target=_do_shutdown, args=(future,)) + thread.start() + try: + await future + finally: + thread.join() + + +T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval") +T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True) +PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT") +P = ParamSpec("P") + +_root_task: RunVar[asyncio.Task | None] = RunVar("_root_task") + + +def find_root_task() -> asyncio.Task: + root_task = _root_task.get(None) + if root_task is not None and not root_task.done(): + return root_task + + # Look for a task that has been started via run_until_complete() + for task in all_tasks(): + if task._callbacks and not task.done(): + callbacks = [cb for cb, context in task._callbacks] + for cb in callbacks: + if ( + cb is _run_until_complete_cb + or getattr(cb, "__module__", None) == "uvloop.loop" + ): + _root_task.set(task) + return task + + # Look up the topmost task in the AnyIO task tree, if possible + task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task()) + state = _task_states.get(task) + if state: + cancel_scope = state.cancel_scope + while cancel_scope and cancel_scope._parent_scope is not None: + cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope + + if cancel_scope is not None: + return cast(asyncio.Task, cancel_scope._host_task) + + return task + + +def get_callable_name(func: Callable) -> str: + module = getattr(func, "__module__", None) + qualname = getattr(func, "__qualname__", None) + return ".".join([x for x in (module, qualname) if x]) + + +# +# Event loop +# + +_run_vars: WeakKeyDictionary[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, Any] = WeakKeyDictionary() + + +def _task_started(task: asyncio.Task) -> bool: + """Return ``True`` if the task has been started and has not finished.""" + # The task coro should never be None here, as we never add finished tasks to the + # task list + coro = task.get_coro() + assert coro is not None + try: + return getcoroutinestate(coro) in (CORO_RUNNING, CORO_SUSPENDED) + except AttributeError: + # task coro is async_genenerator_asend https://bugs.python.org/issue37771 + raise Exception(f"Cannot determine if task {task} has started or not") from None + + +# +# Timeouts and cancellation +# + + +def is_anyio_cancellation(exc: CancelledError) -> bool: + # Sometimes third party frameworks catch a CancelledError and raise a new one, so as + # a workaround we have to look at the previous ones in __context__ too for a + # matching cancel message + while True: + if ( + exc.args + and isinstance(exc.args[0], str) + and exc.args[0].startswith("Cancelled by cancel scope ") + ): + return True + + if isinstance(exc.__context__, CancelledError): + exc = exc.__context__ + continue + + return False + + +class CancelScope(BaseCancelScope): + def __new__( + cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False + ) -> CancelScope: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__(self, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False): + self._deadline = deadline + self._shield = shield + self._parent_scope: CancelScope | None = None + self._child_scopes: set[CancelScope] = set() + self._cancel_called = False + self._cancelled_caught = False + self._active = False + self._timeout_handle: asyncio.TimerHandle | None = None + self._cancel_handle: asyncio.Handle | None = None + self._tasks: set[asyncio.Task] = set() + self._host_task: asyncio.Task | None = None + if sys.version_info >= (3, 11): + self._pending_uncancellations: int | None = 0 + else: + self._pending_uncancellations = None + + def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope: + if self._active: + raise RuntimeError( + "Each CancelScope may only be used for a single 'with' block" + ) + + self._host_task = host_task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task()) + self._tasks.add(host_task) + try: + task_state = _task_states[host_task] + except KeyError: + task_state = TaskState(None, self) + _task_states[host_task] = task_state + else: + self._parent_scope = task_state.cancel_scope + task_state.cancel_scope = self + if self._parent_scope is not None: + # If using an eager task factory, the parent scope may not even contain + # the host task + self._parent_scope._child_scopes.add(self) + self._parent_scope._tasks.discard(host_task) + + self._timeout() + self._active = True + + # Start cancelling the host task if the scope was cancelled before entering + if self._cancel_called: + self._deliver_cancellation(self) + + return self + + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> bool: + del exc_tb + + if not self._active: + raise RuntimeError("This cancel scope is not active") + if current_task() is not self._host_task: + raise RuntimeError( + "Attempted to exit cancel scope in a different task than it was " + "entered in" + ) + + assert self._host_task is not None + host_task_state = _task_states.get(self._host_task) + if host_task_state is None or host_task_state.cancel_scope is not self: + raise RuntimeError( + "Attempted to exit a cancel scope that isn't the current tasks's " + "current cancel scope" + ) + + try: + self._active = False + if self._timeout_handle: + self._timeout_handle.cancel() + self._timeout_handle = None + + self._tasks.remove(self._host_task) + if self._parent_scope is not None: + self._parent_scope._child_scopes.remove(self) + self._parent_scope._tasks.add(self._host_task) + + host_task_state.cancel_scope = self._parent_scope + + # Restart the cancellation effort in the closest visible, cancelled parent + # scope if necessary + self._restart_cancellation_in_parent() + + # We only swallow the exception iff it was an AnyIO CancelledError, either + # directly as exc_val or inside an exception group and there are no cancelled + # parent cancel scopes visible to us here + if self._cancel_called and not self._parent_cancellation_is_visible_to_us: + # For each level-cancel() call made on the host task, call uncancel() + while self._pending_uncancellations: + self._host_task.uncancel() + self._pending_uncancellations -= 1 + + # Update cancelled_caught and check for exceptions we must not swallow + cannot_swallow_exc_val = False + if exc_val is not None: + for exc in iterate_exceptions(exc_val): + if isinstance(exc, CancelledError) and is_anyio_cancellation( + exc + ): + self._cancelled_caught = True + else: + cannot_swallow_exc_val = True + + return self._cancelled_caught and not cannot_swallow_exc_val + else: + if self._pending_uncancellations: + assert self._parent_scope is not None + assert self._parent_scope._pending_uncancellations is not None + self._parent_scope._pending_uncancellations += ( + self._pending_uncancellations + ) + self._pending_uncancellations = 0 + + return False + finally: + self._host_task = None + del exc_val + + @property + def _effectively_cancelled(self) -> bool: + cancel_scope: CancelScope | None = self + while cancel_scope is not None: + if cancel_scope._cancel_called: + return True + + if cancel_scope.shield: + return False + + cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope + + return False + + @property + def _parent_cancellation_is_visible_to_us(self) -> bool: + return ( + self._parent_scope is not None + and not self.shield + and self._parent_scope._effectively_cancelled + ) + + def _timeout(self) -> None: + if self._deadline != math.inf: + loop = get_running_loop() + if loop.time() >= self._deadline: + self.cancel() + else: + self._timeout_handle = loop.call_at(self._deadline, self._timeout) + + def _deliver_cancellation(self, origin: CancelScope) -> bool: + """ + Deliver cancellation to directly contained tasks and nested cancel scopes. + + Schedule another run at the end if we still have tasks eligible for + cancellation. + + :param origin: the cancel scope that originated the cancellation + :return: ``True`` if the delivery needs to be retried on the next cycle + + """ + should_retry = False + current = current_task() + for task in self._tasks: + should_retry = True + if task._must_cancel: # type: ignore[attr-defined] + continue + + # The task is eligible for cancellation if it has started + if task is not current and (task is self._host_task or _task_started(task)): + waiter = task._fut_waiter # type: ignore[attr-defined] + if not isinstance(waiter, asyncio.Future) or not waiter.done(): + task.cancel(f"Cancelled by cancel scope {id(origin):x}") + if ( + task is origin._host_task + and origin._pending_uncancellations is not None + ): + origin._pending_uncancellations += 1 + + # Deliver cancellation to child scopes that aren't shielded or running their own + # cancellation callbacks + for scope in self._child_scopes: + if not scope._shield and not scope.cancel_called: + should_retry = scope._deliver_cancellation(origin) or should_retry + + # Schedule another callback if there are still tasks left + if origin is self: + if should_retry: + self._cancel_handle = get_running_loop().call_soon( + self._deliver_cancellation, origin + ) + else: + self._cancel_handle = None + + return should_retry + + def _restart_cancellation_in_parent(self) -> None: + """ + Restart the cancellation effort in the closest directly cancelled parent scope. + + """ + scope = self._parent_scope + while scope is not None: + if scope._cancel_called: + if scope._cancel_handle is None: + scope._deliver_cancellation(scope) + + break + + # No point in looking beyond any shielded scope + if scope._shield: + break + + scope = scope._parent_scope + + def cancel(self) -> None: + if not self._cancel_called: + if self._timeout_handle: + self._timeout_handle.cancel() + self._timeout_handle = None + + self._cancel_called = True + if self._host_task is not None: + self._deliver_cancellation(self) + + @property + def deadline(self) -> float: + return self._deadline + + @deadline.setter + def deadline(self, value: float) -> None: + self._deadline = float(value) + if self._timeout_handle is not None: + self._timeout_handle.cancel() + self._timeout_handle = None + + if self._active and not self._cancel_called: + self._timeout() + + @property + def cancel_called(self) -> bool: + return self._cancel_called + + @property + def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool: + return self._cancelled_caught + + @property + def shield(self) -> bool: + return self._shield + + @shield.setter + def shield(self, value: bool) -> None: + if self._shield != value: + self._shield = value + if not value: + self._restart_cancellation_in_parent() + + +# +# Task states +# + + +class TaskState: + """ + Encapsulates auxiliary task information that cannot be added to the Task instance + itself because there are no guarantees about its implementation. + """ + + __slots__ = "parent_id", "cancel_scope", "__weakref__" + + def __init__(self, parent_id: int | None, cancel_scope: CancelScope | None): + self.parent_id = parent_id + self.cancel_scope = cancel_scope + + +_task_states: WeakKeyDictionary[asyncio.Task, TaskState] = WeakKeyDictionary() + + +# +# Task groups +# + + +class _AsyncioTaskStatus(abc.TaskStatus): + def __init__(self, future: asyncio.Future, parent_id: int): + self._future = future + self._parent_id = parent_id + + def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None: + try: + self._future.set_result(value) + except asyncio.InvalidStateError: + if not self._future.cancelled(): + raise RuntimeError( + "called 'started' twice on the same task status" + ) from None + + task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task()) + _task_states[task].parent_id = self._parent_id + + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 12): + _eager_task_factory_code: CodeType | None = asyncio.eager_task_factory.__code__ +else: + _eager_task_factory_code = None + + +class TaskGroup(abc.TaskGroup): + def __init__(self) -> None: + self.cancel_scope: CancelScope = CancelScope() + self._active = False + self._exceptions: list[BaseException] = [] + self._tasks: set[asyncio.Task] = set() + self._on_completed_fut: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None + + async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup: + self.cancel_scope.__enter__() + self._active = True + return self + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> bool | None: + try: + if exc_val is not None: + self.cancel_scope.cancel() + if not isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError): + self._exceptions.append(exc_val) + + loop = get_running_loop() + try: + if self._tasks: + with CancelScope() as wait_scope: + while self._tasks: + self._on_completed_fut = loop.create_future() + + try: + await self._on_completed_fut + except CancelledError as exc: + # Shield the scope against further cancellation attempts, + # as they're not productive (#695) + wait_scope.shield = True + self.cancel_scope.cancel() + + # Set exc_val from the cancellation exception if it was + # previously unset. However, we should not replace a native + # cancellation exception with one raise by a cancel scope. + if exc_val is None or ( + isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError) + and not is_anyio_cancellation(exc) + ): + exc_val = exc + + self._on_completed_fut = None + else: + # If there are no child tasks to wait on, run at least one checkpoint + # anyway + await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint() + + self._active = False + if self._exceptions: + raise BaseExceptionGroup( + "unhandled errors in a TaskGroup", self._exceptions + ) + elif exc_val: + raise exc_val + except BaseException as exc: + if self.cancel_scope.__exit__(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__): + return True + + raise + + return self.cancel_scope.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) + finally: + del exc_val, exc_tb, self._exceptions + + def _spawn( + self, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[Any]], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + name: object, + task_status_future: asyncio.Future | None = None, + ) -> asyncio.Task: + def task_done(_task: asyncio.Task) -> None: + task_state = _task_states[_task] + assert task_state.cancel_scope is not None + assert _task in task_state.cancel_scope._tasks + task_state.cancel_scope._tasks.remove(_task) + self._tasks.remove(task) + del _task_states[_task] + + if self._on_completed_fut is not None and not self._tasks: + try: + self._on_completed_fut.set_result(None) + except asyncio.InvalidStateError: + pass + + try: + exc = _task.exception() + except CancelledError as e: + while isinstance(e.__context__, CancelledError): + e = e.__context__ + + exc = e + + if exc is not None: + # The future can only be in the cancelled state if the host task was + # cancelled, so return immediately instead of adding one more + # CancelledError to the exceptions list + if task_status_future is not None and task_status_future.cancelled(): + return + + if task_status_future is None or task_status_future.done(): + if not isinstance(exc, CancelledError): + self._exceptions.append(exc) + + if not self.cancel_scope._effectively_cancelled: + self.cancel_scope.cancel() + else: + task_status_future.set_exception(exc) + elif task_status_future is not None and not task_status_future.done(): + task_status_future.set_exception( + RuntimeError("Child exited without calling task_status.started()") + ) + + if not self._active: + raise RuntimeError( + "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started." + ) + + kwargs = {} + if task_status_future: + parent_id = id(current_task()) + kwargs["task_status"] = _AsyncioTaskStatus( + task_status_future, id(self.cancel_scope._host_task) + ) + else: + parent_id = id(self.cancel_scope._host_task) + + coro = func(*args, **kwargs) + if not iscoroutine(coro): + prefix = f"{func.__module__}." if hasattr(func, "__module__") else "" + raise TypeError( + f"Expected {prefix}{func.__qualname__}() to return a coroutine, but " + f"the return value ({coro!r}) is not a coroutine object" + ) + + name = get_callable_name(func) if name is None else str(name) + loop = asyncio.get_running_loop() + if ( + (factory := loop.get_task_factory()) + and getattr(factory, "__code__", None) is _eager_task_factory_code + and (closure := getattr(factory, "__closure__", None)) + ): + custom_task_constructor = closure[0].cell_contents + task = custom_task_constructor(coro, loop=loop, name=name) + else: + task = create_task(coro, name=name) + + # Make the spawned task inherit the task group's cancel scope + _task_states[task] = TaskState( + parent_id=parent_id, cancel_scope=self.cancel_scope + ) + self.cancel_scope._tasks.add(task) + self._tasks.add(task) + task.add_done_callback(task_done) + return task + + def start_soon( + self, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[Any]], + *args: Unpack[PosArgsT], + name: object = None, + ) -> None: + self._spawn(func, args, name) + + async def start( + self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args: object, name: object = None + ) -> Any: + future: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future() + task = self._spawn(func, args, name, future) + + # If the task raises an exception after sending a start value without a switch + # point between, the task group is cancelled and this method never proceeds to + # process the completed future. That's why we have to have a shielded cancel + # scope here. + try: + return await future + except CancelledError: + # Cancel the task and wait for it to exit before returning + task.cancel() + with CancelScope(shield=True), suppress(CancelledError): + await task + + raise + + +# +# Threads +# + +_Retval_Queue_Type = tuple[Optional[T_Retval], Optional[BaseException]] + + +class WorkerThread(Thread): + MAX_IDLE_TIME = 10 # seconds + + def __init__( + self, + root_task: asyncio.Task, + workers: set[WorkerThread], + idle_workers: deque[WorkerThread], + ): + super().__init__(name="AnyIO worker thread") + self.root_task = root_task + self.workers = workers + self.idle_workers = idle_workers + self.loop = root_task._loop + self.queue: Queue[ + tuple[Context, Callable, tuple, asyncio.Future, CancelScope] | None + ] = Queue(2) + self.idle_since = AsyncIOBackend.current_time() + self.stopping = False + + def _report_result( + self, future: asyncio.Future, result: Any, exc: BaseException | None + ) -> None: + self.idle_since = AsyncIOBackend.current_time() + if not self.stopping: + self.idle_workers.append(self) + + if not future.cancelled(): + if exc is not None: + if isinstance(exc, StopIteration): + new_exc = RuntimeError("coroutine raised StopIteration") + new_exc.__cause__ = exc + exc = new_exc + + future.set_exception(exc) + else: + future.set_result(result) + + def run(self) -> None: + with claim_worker_thread(AsyncIOBackend, self.loop): + while True: + item = self.queue.get() + if item is None: + # Shutdown command received + return + + context, func, args, future, cancel_scope = item + if not future.cancelled(): + result = None + exception: BaseException | None = None + threadlocals.current_cancel_scope = cancel_scope + try: + result = context.run(func, *args) + except BaseException as exc: + exception = exc + finally: + del threadlocals.current_cancel_scope + + if not self.loop.is_closed(): + self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe( + self._report_result, future, result, exception + ) + + self.queue.task_done() + + def stop(self, f: asyncio.Task | None = None) -> None: + self.stopping = True + self.queue.put_nowait(None) + self.workers.discard(self) + try: + self.idle_workers.remove(self) + except ValueError: + pass + + +_threadpool_idle_workers: RunVar[deque[WorkerThread]] = RunVar( + "_threadpool_idle_workers" +) +_threadpool_workers: RunVar[set[WorkerThread]] = RunVar("_threadpool_workers") + + +class BlockingPortal(abc.BlockingPortal): + def __new__(cls) -> BlockingPortal: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__(self) -> None: + super().__init__() + self._loop = get_running_loop() + + def _spawn_task_from_thread( + self, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + kwargs: dict[str, Any], + name: object, + future: Future[T_Retval], + ) -> None: + AsyncIOBackend.run_sync_from_thread( + partial(self._task_group.start_soon, name=name), + (self._call_func, func, args, kwargs, future), + self._loop, + ) + + +# +# Subprocesses +# + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class StreamReaderWrapper(abc.ByteReceiveStream): + _stream: asyncio.StreamReader + + async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes: + data = await self._stream.read(max_bytes) + if data: + return data + else: + raise EndOfStream + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + self._stream.set_exception(ClosedResourceError()) + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class StreamWriterWrapper(abc.ByteSendStream): + _stream: asyncio.StreamWriter + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + self._stream.write(item) + await self._stream.drain() + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + self._stream.close() + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class Process(abc.Process): + _process: asyncio.subprocess.Process + _stdin: StreamWriterWrapper | None + _stdout: StreamReaderWrapper | None + _stderr: StreamReaderWrapper | None + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + with CancelScope(shield=True) as scope: + if self._stdin: + await self._stdin.aclose() + if self._stdout: + await self._stdout.aclose() + if self._stderr: + await self._stderr.aclose() + + scope.shield = False + try: + await self.wait() + except BaseException: + scope.shield = True + self.kill() + await self.wait() + raise + + async def wait(self) -> int: + return await self._process.wait() + + def terminate(self) -> None: + self._process.terminate() + + def kill(self) -> None: + self._process.kill() + + def send_signal(self, signal: int) -> None: + self._process.send_signal(signal) + + @property + def pid(self) -> int: + return self._process.pid + + @property + def returncode(self) -> int | None: + return self._process.returncode + + @property + def stdin(self) -> abc.ByteSendStream | None: + return self._stdin + + @property + def stdout(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None: + return self._stdout + + @property + def stderr(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None: + return self._stderr + + +def _forcibly_shutdown_process_pool_on_exit( + workers: set[Process], _task: object +) -> None: + """ + Forcibly shuts down worker processes belonging to this event loop.""" + child_watcher: asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher | None = None + if sys.version_info < (3, 12): + try: + child_watcher = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy().get_child_watcher() + except NotImplementedError: + pass + + # Close as much as possible (w/o async/await) to avoid warnings + for process in workers: + if process.returncode is None: + continue + + process._stdin._stream._transport.close() # type: ignore[union-attr] + process._stdout._stream._transport.close() # type: ignore[union-attr] + process._stderr._stream._transport.close() # type: ignore[union-attr] + process.kill() + if child_watcher: + child_watcher.remove_child_handler(process.pid) + + +async def _shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None: + """ + Shuts down worker processes belonging to this event loop. + + NOTE: this only works when the event loop was started using asyncio.run() or + anyio.run(). + + """ + process: abc.Process + try: + await sleep(math.inf) + except asyncio.CancelledError: + for process in workers: + if process.returncode is None: + process.kill() + + for process in workers: + await process.aclose() + + +# +# Sockets and networking +# + + +class StreamProtocol(asyncio.Protocol): + read_queue: deque[bytes] + read_event: asyncio.Event + write_event: asyncio.Event + exception: Exception | None = None + is_at_eof: bool = False + + def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None: + self.read_queue = deque() + self.read_event = asyncio.Event() + self.write_event = asyncio.Event() + self.write_event.set() + cast(asyncio.Transport, transport).set_write_buffer_limits(0) + + def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None: + if exc: + self.exception = BrokenResourceError() + self.exception.__cause__ = exc + + self.read_event.set() + self.write_event.set() + + def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None: + # ProactorEventloop sometimes sends bytearray instead of bytes + self.read_queue.append(bytes(data)) + self.read_event.set() + + def eof_received(self) -> bool | None: + self.is_at_eof = True + self.read_event.set() + return True + + def pause_writing(self) -> None: + self.write_event = asyncio.Event() + + def resume_writing(self) -> None: + self.write_event.set() + + +class DatagramProtocol(asyncio.DatagramProtocol): + read_queue: deque[tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]] + read_event: asyncio.Event + write_event: asyncio.Event + exception: Exception | None = None + + def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None: + self.read_queue = deque(maxlen=100) # arbitrary value + self.read_event = asyncio.Event() + self.write_event = asyncio.Event() + self.write_event.set() + + def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None: + self.read_event.set() + self.write_event.set() + + def datagram_received(self, data: bytes, addr: IPSockAddrType) -> None: + addr = convert_ipv6_sockaddr(addr) + self.read_queue.append((data, addr)) + self.read_event.set() + + def error_received(self, exc: Exception) -> None: + self.exception = exc + + def pause_writing(self) -> None: + self.write_event.clear() + + def resume_writing(self) -> None: + self.write_event.set() + + +class SocketStream(abc.SocketStream): + def __init__(self, transport: asyncio.Transport, protocol: StreamProtocol): + self._transport = transport + self._protocol = protocol + self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from") + self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to") + self._closed = False + + @property + def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket: + return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket") + + async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes: + with self._receive_guard: + if ( + not self._protocol.read_event.is_set() + and not self._transport.is_closing() + and not self._protocol.is_at_eof + ): + self._transport.resume_reading() + await self._protocol.read_event.wait() + self._transport.pause_reading() + else: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + + try: + chunk = self._protocol.read_queue.popleft() + except IndexError: + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + elif self._protocol.exception: + raise self._protocol.exception from None + else: + raise EndOfStream from None + + if len(chunk) > max_bytes: + # Split the oversized chunk + chunk, leftover = chunk[:max_bytes], chunk[max_bytes:] + self._protocol.read_queue.appendleft(leftover) + + # If the read queue is empty, clear the flag so that the next call will + # block until data is available + if not self._protocol.read_queue: + self._protocol.read_event.clear() + + return chunk + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + with self._send_guard: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError + elif self._protocol.exception is not None: + raise self._protocol.exception + + try: + self._transport.write(item) + except RuntimeError as exc: + if self._transport.is_closing(): + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + else: + raise + + await self._protocol.write_event.wait() + + async def send_eof(self) -> None: + try: + self._transport.write_eof() + except OSError: + pass + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + if not self._transport.is_closing(): + self._closed = True + try: + self._transport.write_eof() + except OSError: + pass + + self._transport.close() + await sleep(0) + self._transport.abort() + + +class _RawSocketMixin: + _receive_future: asyncio.Future | None = None + _send_future: asyncio.Future | None = None + _closing = False + + def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket): + self.__raw_socket = raw_socket + self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from") + self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to") + + @property + def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket: + return self.__raw_socket + + def _wait_until_readable(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> asyncio.Future: + def callback(f: object) -> None: + del self._receive_future + loop.remove_reader(self.__raw_socket) + + f = self._receive_future = asyncio.Future() + loop.add_reader(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None) + f.add_done_callback(callback) + return f + + def _wait_until_writable(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> asyncio.Future: + def callback(f: object) -> None: + del self._send_future + loop.remove_writer(self.__raw_socket) + + f = self._send_future = asyncio.Future() + loop.add_writer(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None) + f.add_done_callback(callback) + return f + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + if not self._closing: + self._closing = True + if self.__raw_socket.fileno() != -1: + self.__raw_socket.close() + + if self._receive_future: + self._receive_future.set_result(None) + if self._send_future: + self._send_future.set_result(None) + + +class UNIXSocketStream(_RawSocketMixin, abc.UNIXSocketStream): + async def send_eof(self) -> None: + with self._send_guard: + self._raw_socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR) + + async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes: + loop = get_running_loop() + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + with self._receive_guard: + while True: + try: + data = self._raw_socket.recv(max_bytes) + except BlockingIOError: + await self._wait_until_readable(loop) + except OSError as exc: + if self._closing: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + else: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + else: + if not data: + raise EndOfStream + + return data + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + loop = get_running_loop() + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + with self._send_guard: + view = memoryview(item) + while view: + try: + bytes_sent = self._raw_socket.send(view) + except BlockingIOError: + await self._wait_until_writable(loop) + except OSError as exc: + if self._closing: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + else: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + else: + view = view[bytes_sent:] + + async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]: + if not isinstance(msglen, int) or msglen < 0: + raise ValueError("msglen must be a non-negative integer") + if not isinstance(maxfds, int) or maxfds < 1: + raise ValueError("maxfds must be a positive integer") + + loop = get_running_loop() + fds = array.array("i") + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + with self._receive_guard: + while True: + try: + message, ancdata, flags, addr = self._raw_socket.recvmsg( + msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize) + ) + except BlockingIOError: + await self._wait_until_readable(loop) + except OSError as exc: + if self._closing: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + else: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + else: + if not message and not ancdata: + raise EndOfStream + + break + + for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata: + if cmsg_level != socket.SOL_SOCKET or cmsg_type != socket.SCM_RIGHTS: + raise RuntimeError( + f"Received unexpected ancillary data; message = {message!r}, " + f"cmsg_level = {cmsg_level}, cmsg_type = {cmsg_type}" + ) + + fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)]) + + return message, list(fds) + + async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None: + if not message: + raise ValueError("message must not be empty") + if not fds: + raise ValueError("fds must not be empty") + + loop = get_running_loop() + filenos: list[int] = [] + for fd in fds: + if isinstance(fd, int): + filenos.append(fd) + elif isinstance(fd, IOBase): + filenos.append(fd.fileno()) + + fdarray = array.array("i", filenos) + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + with self._send_guard: + while True: + try: + # The ignore can be removed after mypy picks up + # https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/5545 + self._raw_socket.sendmsg( + [message], [(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SCM_RIGHTS, fdarray)] + ) + break + except BlockingIOError: + await self._wait_until_writable(loop) + except OSError as exc: + if self._closing: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + else: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + + +class TCPSocketListener(abc.SocketListener): + _accept_scope: CancelScope | None = None + _closed = False + + def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket): + self.__raw_socket = raw_socket + self._loop = cast(asyncio.BaseEventLoop, get_running_loop()) + self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from") + + @property + def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket: + return self.__raw_socket + + async def accept(self) -> abc.SocketStream: + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError + + with self._accept_guard: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + with CancelScope() as self._accept_scope: + try: + client_sock, _addr = await self._loop.sock_accept(self._raw_socket) + except asyncio.CancelledError: + # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue41317 + try: + self._loop.remove_reader(self._raw_socket) + except (ValueError, NotImplementedError): + pass + + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + + raise + finally: + self._accept_scope = None + + client_sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) + transport, protocol = await self._loop.connect_accepted_socket( + StreamProtocol, client_sock + ) + return SocketStream(transport, protocol) + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + if self._closed: + return + + self._closed = True + if self._accept_scope: + # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue41317 + try: + self._loop.remove_reader(self._raw_socket) + except (ValueError, NotImplementedError): + pass + + self._accept_scope.cancel() + await sleep(0) + + self._raw_socket.close() + + +class UNIXSocketListener(abc.SocketListener): + def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket): + self.__raw_socket = raw_socket + self._loop = get_running_loop() + self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from") + self._closed = False + + async def accept(self) -> abc.SocketStream: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + with self._accept_guard: + while True: + try: + client_sock, _ = self.__raw_socket.accept() + client_sock.setblocking(False) + return UNIXSocketStream(client_sock) + except BlockingIOError: + f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future() + self._loop.add_reader(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None) + f.add_done_callback( + lambda _: self._loop.remove_reader(self.__raw_socket) + ) + await f + except OSError as exc: + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + else: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + self._closed = True + self.__raw_socket.close() + + @property + def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket: + return self.__raw_socket + + +class UDPSocket(abc.UDPSocket): + def __init__( + self, transport: asyncio.DatagramTransport, protocol: DatagramProtocol + ): + self._transport = transport + self._protocol = protocol + self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from") + self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to") + self._closed = False + + @property + def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket: + return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket") + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + if not self._transport.is_closing(): + self._closed = True + self._transport.close() + + async def receive(self) -> tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]: + with self._receive_guard: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + + # If the buffer is empty, ask for more data + if not self._protocol.read_queue and not self._transport.is_closing(): + self._protocol.read_event.clear() + await self._protocol.read_event.wait() + + try: + return self._protocol.read_queue.popleft() + except IndexError: + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + else: + raise BrokenResourceError from None + + async def send(self, item: UDPPacketType) -> None: + with self._send_guard: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + await self._protocol.write_event.wait() + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError + elif self._transport.is_closing(): + raise BrokenResourceError + else: + self._transport.sendto(*item) + + +class ConnectedUDPSocket(abc.ConnectedUDPSocket): + def __init__( + self, transport: asyncio.DatagramTransport, protocol: DatagramProtocol + ): + self._transport = transport + self._protocol = protocol + self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from") + self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to") + self._closed = False + + @property + def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket: + return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket") + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + if not self._transport.is_closing(): + self._closed = True + self._transport.close() + + async def receive(self) -> bytes: + with self._receive_guard: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + + # If the buffer is empty, ask for more data + if not self._protocol.read_queue and not self._transport.is_closing(): + self._protocol.read_event.clear() + await self._protocol.read_event.wait() + + try: + packet = self._protocol.read_queue.popleft() + except IndexError: + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + else: + raise BrokenResourceError from None + + return packet[0] + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + with self._send_guard: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + await self._protocol.write_event.wait() + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError + elif self._transport.is_closing(): + raise BrokenResourceError + else: + self._transport.sendto(item) + + +class UNIXDatagramSocket(_RawSocketMixin, abc.UNIXDatagramSocket): + async def receive(self) -> UNIXDatagramPacketType: + loop = get_running_loop() + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + with self._receive_guard: + while True: + try: + data = self._raw_socket.recvfrom(65536) + except BlockingIOError: + await self._wait_until_readable(loop) + except OSError as exc: + if self._closing: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + else: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + else: + return data + + async def send(self, item: UNIXDatagramPacketType) -> None: + loop = get_running_loop() + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + with self._send_guard: + while True: + try: + self._raw_socket.sendto(*item) + except BlockingIOError: + await self._wait_until_writable(loop) + except OSError as exc: + if self._closing: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + else: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + else: + return + + +class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(_RawSocketMixin, abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket): + async def receive(self) -> bytes: + loop = get_running_loop() + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + with self._receive_guard: + while True: + try: + data = self._raw_socket.recv(65536) + except BlockingIOError: + await self._wait_until_readable(loop) + except OSError as exc: + if self._closing: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + else: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + else: + return data + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + loop = get_running_loop() + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + with self._send_guard: + while True: + try: + self._raw_socket.send(item) + except BlockingIOError: + await self._wait_until_writable(loop) + except OSError as exc: + if self._closing: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + else: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + else: + return + + +_read_events: RunVar[dict[int, asyncio.Event]] = RunVar("read_events") +_write_events: RunVar[dict[int, asyncio.Event]] = RunVar("write_events") + + +# +# Synchronization +# + + +class Event(BaseEvent): + def __new__(cls) -> Event: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__(self) -> None: + self._event = asyncio.Event() + + def set(self) -> None: + self._event.set() + + def is_set(self) -> bool: + return self._event.is_set() + + async def wait(self) -> None: + if self.is_set(): + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + else: + await self._event.wait() + + def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics: + return EventStatistics(len(self._event._waiters)) + + +class Lock(BaseLock): + def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> None: + self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire + self._owner_task: asyncio.Task | None = None + self._waiters: deque[tuple[asyncio.Task, asyncio.Future]] = deque() + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task()) + if self._owner_task is None and not self._waiters: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled() + self._owner_task = task + + # Unless on the "fast path", yield control of the event loop so that other + # tasks can run too + if not self._fast_acquire: + try: + await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint() + except CancelledError: + self.release() + raise + + return + + if self._owner_task == task: + raise RuntimeError("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock") + + fut: asyncio.Future[None] = asyncio.Future() + item = task, fut + self._waiters.append(item) + try: + await fut + except CancelledError: + self._waiters.remove(item) + if self._owner_task is task: + self.release() + + raise + + self._waiters.remove(item) + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task()) + if self._owner_task is None and not self._waiters: + self._owner_task = task + return + + if self._owner_task is task: + raise RuntimeError("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock") + + raise WouldBlock + + def locked(self) -> bool: + return self._owner_task is not None + + def release(self) -> None: + if self._owner_task != current_task(): + raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding this lock") + + for task, fut in self._waiters: + if not fut.cancelled(): + self._owner_task = task + fut.set_result(None) + return + + self._owner_task = None + + def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics: + task_info = AsyncIOTaskInfo(self._owner_task) if self._owner_task else None + return LockStatistics(self.locked(), task_info, len(self._waiters)) + + +class Semaphore(BaseSemaphore): + def __new__( + cls, + initial_value: int, + *, + max_value: int | None = None, + fast_acquire: bool = False, + ) -> Semaphore: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__( + self, + initial_value: int, + *, + max_value: int | None = None, + fast_acquire: bool = False, + ): + super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value) + self._value = initial_value + self._max_value = max_value + self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire + self._waiters: deque[asyncio.Future[None]] = deque() + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + if self._value > 0 and not self._waiters: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled() + self._value -= 1 + + # Unless on the "fast path", yield control of the event loop so that other + # tasks can run too + if not self._fast_acquire: + try: + await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint() + except CancelledError: + self.release() + raise + + return + + fut: asyncio.Future[None] = asyncio.Future() + self._waiters.append(fut) + try: + await fut + except CancelledError: + try: + self._waiters.remove(fut) + except ValueError: + self.release() + + raise + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + if self._value == 0: + raise WouldBlock + + self._value -= 1 + + def release(self) -> None: + if self._max_value is not None and self._value == self._max_value: + raise ValueError("semaphore released too many times") + + for fut in self._waiters: + if not fut.cancelled(): + fut.set_result(None) + self._waiters.remove(fut) + return + + self._value += 1 + + @property + def value(self) -> int: + return self._value + + @property + def max_value(self) -> int | None: + return self._max_value + + def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics: + return SemaphoreStatistics(len(self._waiters)) + + +class CapacityLimiter(BaseCapacityLimiter): + _total_tokens: float = 0 + + def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__(self, total_tokens: float): + self._borrowers: set[Any] = set() + self._wait_queue: OrderedDict[Any, asyncio.Event] = OrderedDict() + self.total_tokens = total_tokens + + async def __aenter__(self) -> None: + await self.acquire() + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + self.release() + + @property + def total_tokens(self) -> float: + return self._total_tokens + + @total_tokens.setter + def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None: + if not isinstance(value, int) and not math.isinf(value): + raise TypeError("total_tokens must be an int or math.inf") + if value < 1: + raise ValueError("total_tokens must be >= 1") + + waiters_to_notify = max(value - self._total_tokens, 0) + self._total_tokens = value + + # Notify waiting tasks that they have acquired the limiter + while self._wait_queue and waiters_to_notify: + event = self._wait_queue.popitem(last=False)[1] + event.set() + waiters_to_notify -= 1 + + @property + def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int: + return len(self._borrowers) + + @property + def available_tokens(self) -> float: + return self._total_tokens - len(self._borrowers) + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + self.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(current_task()) + + def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None: + if borrower in self._borrowers: + raise RuntimeError( + "this borrower is already holding one of this CapacityLimiter's " + "tokens" + ) + + if self._wait_queue or len(self._borrowers) >= self._total_tokens: + raise WouldBlock + + self._borrowers.add(borrower) + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + return await self.acquire_on_behalf_of(current_task()) + + async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled() + try: + self.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower) + except WouldBlock: + event = asyncio.Event() + self._wait_queue[borrower] = event + try: + await event.wait() + except BaseException: + self._wait_queue.pop(borrower, None) + raise + + self._borrowers.add(borrower) + else: + try: + await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint() + except BaseException: + self.release() + raise + + def release(self) -> None: + self.release_on_behalf_of(current_task()) + + def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None: + try: + self._borrowers.remove(borrower) + except KeyError: + raise RuntimeError( + "this borrower isn't holding any of this CapacityLimiter's tokens" + ) from None + + # Notify the next task in line if this limiter has free capacity now + if self._wait_queue and len(self._borrowers) < self._total_tokens: + event = self._wait_queue.popitem(last=False)[1] + event.set() + + def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics: + return CapacityLimiterStatistics( + self.borrowed_tokens, + self.total_tokens, + tuple(self._borrowers), + len(self._wait_queue), + ) + + +_default_thread_limiter: RunVar[CapacityLimiter] = RunVar("_default_thread_limiter") + + +# +# Operating system signals +# + + +class _SignalReceiver: + def __init__(self, signals: tuple[Signals, ...]): + self._signals = signals + self._loop = get_running_loop() + self._signal_queue: deque[Signals] = deque() + self._future: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future() + self._handled_signals: set[Signals] = set() + + def _deliver(self, signum: Signals) -> None: + self._signal_queue.append(signum) + if not self._future.done(): + self._future.set_result(None) + + def __enter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver: + for sig in set(self._signals): + self._loop.add_signal_handler(sig, self._deliver, sig) + self._handled_signals.add(sig) + + return self + + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + for sig in self._handled_signals: + self._loop.remove_signal_handler(sig) + + def __aiter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver: + return self + + async def __anext__(self) -> Signals: + await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint() + if not self._signal_queue: + self._future = asyncio.Future() + await self._future + + return self._signal_queue.popleft() + + +# +# Testing and debugging +# + + +class AsyncIOTaskInfo(TaskInfo): + def __init__(self, task: asyncio.Task): + task_state = _task_states.get(task) + if task_state is None: + parent_id = None + else: + parent_id = task_state.parent_id + + coro = task.get_coro() + assert coro is not None, "created TaskInfo from a completed Task" + super().__init__(id(task), parent_id, task.get_name(), coro) + self._task = weakref.ref(task) + + def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool: + if not (task := self._task()): + # If the task isn't around anymore, it won't have a pending cancellation + return False + + if task._must_cancel: # type: ignore[attr-defined] + return True + elif ( + isinstance(task._fut_waiter, asyncio.Future) # type: ignore[attr-defined] + and task._fut_waiter.cancelled() # type: ignore[attr-defined] + ): + return True + + if task_state := _task_states.get(task): + if cancel_scope := task_state.cancel_scope: + return cancel_scope._effectively_cancelled + + return False + + +class TestRunner(abc.TestRunner): + _send_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[tuple[Awaitable[Any], asyncio.Future[Any]]] + + def __init__( + self, + *, + debug: bool | None = None, + use_uvloop: bool = False, + loop_factory: Callable[[], AbstractEventLoop] | None = None, + ) -> None: + if use_uvloop and loop_factory is None: + import uvloop + + loop_factory = uvloop.new_event_loop + + self._runner = Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory) + self._exceptions: list[BaseException] = [] + self._runner_task: asyncio.Task | None = None + + def __enter__(self) -> TestRunner: + self._runner.__enter__() + self.get_loop().set_exception_handler(self._exception_handler) + return self + + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + self._runner.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) + + def get_loop(self) -> AbstractEventLoop: + return self._runner.get_loop() + + def _exception_handler( + self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, context: dict[str, Any] + ) -> None: + if isinstance(context.get("exception"), Exception): + self._exceptions.append(context["exception"]) + else: + loop.default_exception_handler(context) + + def _raise_async_exceptions(self) -> None: + # Re-raise any exceptions raised in asynchronous callbacks + if self._exceptions: + exceptions, self._exceptions = self._exceptions, [] + if len(exceptions) == 1: + raise exceptions[0] + elif exceptions: + raise BaseExceptionGroup( + "Multiple exceptions occurred in asynchronous callbacks", exceptions + ) + + async def _run_tests_and_fixtures( + self, + receive_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[ + tuple[Awaitable[T_Retval], asyncio.Future[T_Retval]] + ], + ) -> None: + from _pytest.outcomes import OutcomeException + + with receive_stream, self._send_stream: + async for coro, future in receive_stream: + try: + retval = await coro + except CancelledError as exc: + if not future.cancelled(): + future.cancel(*exc.args) + + raise + except BaseException as exc: + if not future.cancelled(): + future.set_exception(exc) + + if not isinstance(exc, (Exception, OutcomeException)): + raise + else: + if not future.cancelled(): + future.set_result(retval) + + async def _call_in_runner_task( + self, + func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]], + *args: P.args, + **kwargs: P.kwargs, + ) -> T_Retval: + if not self._runner_task: + self._send_stream, receive_stream = create_memory_object_stream[ + tuple[Awaitable[Any], asyncio.Future] + ](1) + self._runner_task = self.get_loop().create_task( + self._run_tests_and_fixtures(receive_stream) + ) + + coro = func(*args, **kwargs) + future: asyncio.Future[T_Retval] = self.get_loop().create_future() + self._send_stream.send_nowait((coro, future)) + return await future + + def run_asyncgen_fixture( + self, + fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[T_Retval, Any]], + kwargs: dict[str, Any], + ) -> Iterable[T_Retval]: + asyncgen = fixture_func(**kwargs) + fixturevalue: T_Retval = self.get_loop().run_until_complete( + self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None) + ) + self._raise_async_exceptions() + + yield fixturevalue + + try: + self.get_loop().run_until_complete( + self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None) + ) + except StopAsyncIteration: + self._raise_async_exceptions() + else: + self.get_loop().run_until_complete(asyncgen.aclose()) + raise RuntimeError("Async generator fixture did not stop") + + def run_fixture( + self, + fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]], + kwargs: dict[str, Any], + ) -> T_Retval: + retval = self.get_loop().run_until_complete( + self._call_in_runner_task(fixture_func, **kwargs) + ) + self._raise_async_exceptions() + return retval + + def run_test( + self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any] + ) -> None: + try: + self.get_loop().run_until_complete( + self._call_in_runner_task(test_func, **kwargs) + ) + except Exception as exc: + self._exceptions.append(exc) + + self._raise_async_exceptions() + + +class AsyncIOBackend(AsyncBackend): + @classmethod + def run( + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + kwargs: dict[str, Any], + options: dict[str, Any], + ) -> T_Retval: + @wraps(func) + async def wrapper() -> T_Retval: + task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task()) + task.set_name(get_callable_name(func)) + _task_states[task] = TaskState(None, None) + + try: + return await func(*args) + finally: + del _task_states[task] + + debug = options.get("debug", None) + loop_factory = options.get("loop_factory", None) + if loop_factory is None and options.get("use_uvloop", False): + import uvloop + + loop_factory = uvloop.new_event_loop + + with Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory) as runner: + return runner.run(wrapper()) + + @classmethod + def current_token(cls) -> object: + return get_running_loop() + + @classmethod + def current_time(cls) -> float: + return get_running_loop().time() + + @classmethod + def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]: + return CancelledError + + @classmethod + async def checkpoint(cls) -> None: + await sleep(0) + + @classmethod + async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None: + task = current_task() + if task is None: + return + + try: + cancel_scope = _task_states[task].cancel_scope + except KeyError: + return + + while cancel_scope: + if cancel_scope.cancel_called: + await sleep(0) + elif cancel_scope.shield: + break + else: + cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope + + @classmethod + async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None: + with CancelScope(shield=True): + await sleep(0) + + @classmethod + async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None: + await sleep(delay) + + @classmethod + def create_cancel_scope( + cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False + ) -> CancelScope: + return CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield) + + @classmethod + def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float: + if (task := current_task()) is None: + return math.inf + + try: + cancel_scope = _task_states[task].cancel_scope + except KeyError: + return math.inf + + deadline = math.inf + while cancel_scope: + deadline = min(deadline, cancel_scope.deadline) + if cancel_scope._cancel_called: + deadline = -math.inf + break + elif cancel_scope.shield: + break + else: + cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope + + return deadline + + @classmethod + def create_task_group(cls) -> abc.TaskGroup: + return TaskGroup() + + @classmethod + def create_event(cls) -> abc.Event: + return Event() + + @classmethod + def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> abc.Lock: + return Lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire) + + @classmethod + def create_semaphore( + cls, + initial_value: int, + *, + max_value: int | None = None, + fast_acquire: bool = False, + ) -> abc.Semaphore: + return Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire) + + @classmethod + def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> abc.CapacityLimiter: + return CapacityLimiter(total_tokens) + + @classmethod + async def run_sync_in_worker_thread( # type: ignore[return] + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + abandon_on_cancel: bool = False, + limiter: abc.CapacityLimiter | None = None, + ) -> T_Retval: + await cls.checkpoint() + + # If this is the first run in this event loop thread, set up the necessary + # variables + try: + idle_workers = _threadpool_idle_workers.get() + workers = _threadpool_workers.get() + except LookupError: + idle_workers = deque() + workers = set() + _threadpool_idle_workers.set(idle_workers) + _threadpool_workers.set(workers) + + async with limiter or cls.current_default_thread_limiter(): + with CancelScope(shield=not abandon_on_cancel) as scope: + future = asyncio.Future[T_Retval]() + root_task = find_root_task() + if not idle_workers: + worker = WorkerThread(root_task, workers, idle_workers) + worker.start() + workers.add(worker) + root_task.add_done_callback(worker.stop) + else: + worker = idle_workers.pop() + + # Prune any other workers that have been idle for MAX_IDLE_TIME + # seconds or longer + now = cls.current_time() + while idle_workers: + if ( + now - idle_workers[0].idle_since + < WorkerThread.MAX_IDLE_TIME + ): + break + + expired_worker = idle_workers.popleft() + expired_worker.root_task.remove_done_callback( + expired_worker.stop + ) + expired_worker.stop() + + context = copy_context() + context.run(sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set, None) + if abandon_on_cancel or scope._parent_scope is None: + worker_scope = scope + else: + worker_scope = scope._parent_scope + + worker.queue.put_nowait((context, func, args, future, worker_scope)) + return await future + + @classmethod + def check_cancelled(cls) -> None: + scope: CancelScope | None = threadlocals.current_cancel_scope + while scope is not None: + if scope.cancel_called: + raise CancelledError(f"Cancelled by cancel scope {id(scope):x}") + + if scope.shield: + return + + scope = scope._parent_scope + + @classmethod + def run_async_from_thread( + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + token: object, + ) -> T_Retval: + async def task_wrapper(scope: CancelScope) -> T_Retval: + __tracebackhide__ = True + task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task()) + _task_states[task] = TaskState(None, scope) + scope._tasks.add(task) + try: + return await func(*args) + except CancelledError as exc: + raise concurrent.futures.CancelledError(str(exc)) from None + finally: + scope._tasks.discard(task) + + loop = cast(AbstractEventLoop, token) + context = copy_context() + context.run(sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set, "asyncio") + wrapper = task_wrapper(threadlocals.current_cancel_scope) + f: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval] = context.run( + asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe, wrapper, loop + ) + return f.result() + + @classmethod + def run_sync_from_thread( + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + token: object, + ) -> T_Retval: + @wraps(func) + def wrapper() -> None: + try: + sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set("asyncio") + f.set_result(func(*args)) + except BaseException as exc: + f.set_exception(exc) + if not isinstance(exc, Exception): + raise + + f: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval] = Future() + loop = cast(AbstractEventLoop, token) + loop.call_soon_threadsafe(wrapper) + return f.result() + + @classmethod + def create_blocking_portal(cls) -> abc.BlockingPortal: + return BlockingPortal() + + @classmethod + async def open_process( + cls, + command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath], + *, + stdin: int | IO[Any] | None, + stdout: int | IO[Any] | None, + stderr: int | IO[Any] | None, + **kwargs: Any, + ) -> Process: + await cls.checkpoint() + if isinstance(command, PathLike): + command = os.fspath(command) + + if isinstance(command, (str, bytes)): + process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell( + command, + stdin=stdin, + stdout=stdout, + stderr=stderr, + **kwargs, + ) + else: + process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec( + *command, + stdin=stdin, + stdout=stdout, + stderr=stderr, + **kwargs, + ) + + stdin_stream = StreamWriterWrapper(process.stdin) if process.stdin else None + stdout_stream = StreamReaderWrapper(process.stdout) if process.stdout else None + stderr_stream = StreamReaderWrapper(process.stderr) if process.stderr else None + return Process(process, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream) + + @classmethod + def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None: + create_task( + _shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(workers), + name="AnyIO process pool shutdown task", + ) + find_root_task().add_done_callback( + partial(_forcibly_shutdown_process_pool_on_exit, workers) # type:ignore[arg-type] + ) + + @classmethod + async def connect_tcp( + cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None + ) -> abc.SocketStream: + transport, protocol = cast( + tuple[asyncio.Transport, StreamProtocol], + await get_running_loop().create_connection( + StreamProtocol, host, port, local_addr=local_address + ), + ) + transport.pause_reading() + return SocketStream(transport, protocol) + + @classmethod + async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> abc.UNIXSocketStream: + await cls.checkpoint() + loop = get_running_loop() + raw_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX) + raw_socket.setblocking(False) + while True: + try: + raw_socket.connect(path) + except BlockingIOError: + f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future() + loop.add_writer(raw_socket, f.set_result, None) + f.add_done_callback(lambda _: loop.remove_writer(raw_socket)) + await f + except BaseException: + raw_socket.close() + raise + else: + return UNIXSocketStream(raw_socket) + + @classmethod + def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener: + return TCPSocketListener(sock) + + @classmethod + def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener: + return UNIXSocketListener(sock) + + @classmethod + async def create_udp_socket( + cls, + family: AddressFamily, + local_address: IPSockAddrType | None, + remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None, + reuse_port: bool, + ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket: + transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint( + DatagramProtocol, + local_addr=local_address, + remote_addr=remote_address, + family=family, + reuse_port=reuse_port, + ) + if protocol.exception: + transport.close() + raise protocol.exception + + if not remote_address: + return UDPSocket(transport, protocol) + else: + return ConnectedUDPSocket(transport, protocol) + + @classmethod + async def create_unix_datagram_socket( # type: ignore[override] + cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None + ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket | abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: + await cls.checkpoint() + loop = get_running_loop() + + if remote_path: + while True: + try: + raw_socket.connect(remote_path) + except BlockingIOError: + f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future() + loop.add_writer(raw_socket, f.set_result, None) + f.add_done_callback(lambda _: loop.remove_writer(raw_socket)) + await f + except BaseException: + raw_socket.close() + raise + else: + return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(raw_socket) + else: + return UNIXDatagramSocket(raw_socket) + + @classmethod + async def getaddrinfo( + cls, + host: bytes | str | None, + port: str | int | None, + *, + family: int | AddressFamily = 0, + type: int | SocketKind = 0, + proto: int = 0, + flags: int = 0, + ) -> list[ + tuple[ + AddressFamily, + SocketKind, + int, + str, + tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int], + ] + ]: + return await get_running_loop().getaddrinfo( + host, port, family=family, type=type, proto=proto, flags=flags + ) + + @classmethod + async def getnameinfo( + cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0 + ) -> tuple[str, str]: + return await get_running_loop().getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags) + + @classmethod + async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None: + await cls.checkpoint() + try: + read_events = _read_events.get() + except LookupError: + read_events = {} + _read_events.set(read_events) + + if not isinstance(obj, int): + obj = obj.fileno() + + if read_events.get(obj): + raise BusyResourceError("reading from") + + loop = get_running_loop() + event = asyncio.Event() + try: + loop.add_reader(obj, event.set) + except NotImplementedError: + from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector + + selector = get_selector() + selector.add_reader(obj, event.set) + remove_reader = selector.remove_reader + else: + remove_reader = loop.remove_reader + + read_events[obj] = event + try: + await event.wait() + finally: + remove_reader(obj) + del read_events[obj] + + @classmethod + async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None: + await cls.checkpoint() + try: + write_events = _write_events.get() + except LookupError: + write_events = {} + _write_events.set(write_events) + + if not isinstance(obj, int): + obj = obj.fileno() + + if write_events.get(obj): + raise BusyResourceError("writing to") + + loop = get_running_loop() + event = asyncio.Event() + try: + loop.add_writer(obj, event.set) + except NotImplementedError: + from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector + + selector = get_selector() + selector.add_writer(obj, event.set) + remove_writer = selector.remove_writer + else: + remove_writer = loop.remove_writer + + write_events[obj] = event + try: + await event.wait() + finally: + del write_events[obj] + remove_writer(obj) + + @classmethod + def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter: + try: + return _default_thread_limiter.get() + except LookupError: + limiter = CapacityLimiter(40) + _default_thread_limiter.set(limiter) + return limiter + + @classmethod + def open_signal_receiver( + cls, *signals: Signals + ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]: + return _SignalReceiver(signals) + + @classmethod + def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo: + return AsyncIOTaskInfo(current_task()) # type: ignore[arg-type] + + @classmethod + def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]: + return [AsyncIOTaskInfo(task) for task in all_tasks() if not task.done()] + + @classmethod + async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None: + await cls.checkpoint() + this_task = current_task() + while True: + for task in all_tasks(): + if task is this_task: + continue + + waiter = task._fut_waiter # type: ignore[attr-defined] + if waiter is None or waiter.done(): + await sleep(0.1) + break + else: + return + + @classmethod + def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner: + return TestRunner(**options) + + +backend_class = AsyncIOBackend diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32ae8ace7b4b4a5ab30deb98b0f6a4e5a81487d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py @@ -0,0 +1,1334 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import array +import math +import os +import socket +import sys +import types +import weakref +from collections.abc import ( + AsyncGenerator, + AsyncIterator, + Awaitable, + Callable, + Collection, + Coroutine, + Iterable, + Sequence, +) +from concurrent.futures import Future +from contextlib import AbstractContextManager +from dataclasses import dataclass +from functools import partial +from io import IOBase +from os import PathLike +from signal import Signals +from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind +from types import TracebackType +from typing import ( + IO, + TYPE_CHECKING, + Any, + Generic, + NoReturn, + TypeVar, + cast, + overload, +) + +import trio.from_thread +import trio.lowlevel +from outcome import Error, Outcome, Value +from trio.lowlevel import ( + current_root_task, + current_task, + wait_readable, + wait_writable, +) +from trio.socket import SocketType as TrioSocketType +from trio.to_thread import run_sync + +from .. import ( + CapacityLimiterStatistics, + EventStatistics, + LockStatistics, + TaskInfo, + WouldBlock, + abc, +) +from .._core._eventloop import claim_worker_thread +from .._core._exceptions import ( + BrokenResourceError, + BusyResourceError, + ClosedResourceError, + EndOfStream, +) +from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr +from .._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream +from .._core._synchronization import ( + CapacityLimiter as BaseCapacityLimiter, +) +from .._core._synchronization import Event as BaseEvent +from .._core._synchronization import Lock as BaseLock +from .._core._synchronization import ( + ResourceGuard, + SemaphoreStatistics, +) +from .._core._synchronization import Semaphore as BaseSemaphore +from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as BaseCancelScope +from ..abc import IPSockAddrType, UDPPacketType, UNIXDatagramPacketType +from ..abc._eventloop import AsyncBackend, StrOrBytesPath +from ..streams.memory import MemoryObjectSendStream + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from _typeshed import HasFileno + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 10): + from typing import ParamSpec +else: + from typing_extensions import ParamSpec + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 11): + from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack +else: + from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup + from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack + +T = TypeVar("T") +T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval") +T_SockAddr = TypeVar("T_SockAddr", str, IPSockAddrType) +PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT") +P = ParamSpec("P") + + +# +# Event loop +# + +RunVar = trio.lowlevel.RunVar + + +# +# Timeouts and cancellation +# + + +class CancelScope(BaseCancelScope): + def __new__( + cls, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: object + ) -> CancelScope: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__(self, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None: + self.__original = original or trio.CancelScope(**kwargs) + + def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope: + self.__original.__enter__() + return self + + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> bool: + return self.__original.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) + + def cancel(self) -> None: + self.__original.cancel() + + @property + def deadline(self) -> float: + return self.__original.deadline + + @deadline.setter + def deadline(self, value: float) -> None: + self.__original.deadline = value + + @property + def cancel_called(self) -> bool: + return self.__original.cancel_called + + @property + def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool: + return self.__original.cancelled_caught + + @property + def shield(self) -> bool: + return self.__original.shield + + @shield.setter + def shield(self, value: bool) -> None: + self.__original.shield = value + + +# +# Task groups +# + + +class TaskGroup(abc.TaskGroup): + def __init__(self) -> None: + self._active = False + self._nursery_manager = trio.open_nursery(strict_exception_groups=True) + self.cancel_scope = None # type: ignore[assignment] + + async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup: + self._active = True + self._nursery = await self._nursery_manager.__aenter__() + self.cancel_scope = CancelScope(self._nursery.cancel_scope) + return self + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> bool: + try: + # trio.Nursery.__exit__ returns bool; .open_nursery has wrong type + return await self._nursery_manager.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) # type: ignore[return-value] + except BaseExceptionGroup as exc: + if not exc.split(trio.Cancelled)[1]: + raise trio.Cancelled._create() from exc + + raise + finally: + del exc_val, exc_tb + self._active = False + + def start_soon( + self, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[Any]], + *args: Unpack[PosArgsT], + name: object = None, + ) -> None: + if not self._active: + raise RuntimeError( + "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started." + ) + + self._nursery.start_soon(func, *args, name=name) + + async def start( + self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args: object, name: object = None + ) -> Any: + if not self._active: + raise RuntimeError( + "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started." + ) + + return await self._nursery.start(func, *args, name=name) + + +# +# Threads +# + + +class BlockingPortal(abc.BlockingPortal): + def __new__(cls) -> BlockingPortal: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__(self) -> None: + super().__init__() + self._token = trio.lowlevel.current_trio_token() + + def _spawn_task_from_thread( + self, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + kwargs: dict[str, Any], + name: object, + future: Future[T_Retval], + ) -> None: + trio.from_thread.run_sync( + partial(self._task_group.start_soon, name=name), + self._call_func, + func, + args, + kwargs, + future, + trio_token=self._token, + ) + + +# +# Subprocesses +# + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class ReceiveStreamWrapper(abc.ByteReceiveStream): + _stream: trio.abc.ReceiveStream + + async def receive(self, max_bytes: int | None = None) -> bytes: + try: + data = await self._stream.receive_some(max_bytes) + except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc: + raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__ + except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__ + + if data: + return data + else: + raise EndOfStream + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + await self._stream.aclose() + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class SendStreamWrapper(abc.ByteSendStream): + _stream: trio.abc.SendStream + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + try: + await self._stream.send_all(item) + except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc: + raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__ + except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__ + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + await self._stream.aclose() + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class Process(abc.Process): + _process: trio.Process + _stdin: abc.ByteSendStream | None + _stdout: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None + _stderr: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + with CancelScope(shield=True): + if self._stdin: + await self._stdin.aclose() + if self._stdout: + await self._stdout.aclose() + if self._stderr: + await self._stderr.aclose() + + try: + await self.wait() + except BaseException: + self.kill() + with CancelScope(shield=True): + await self.wait() + raise + + async def wait(self) -> int: + return await self._process.wait() + + def terminate(self) -> None: + self._process.terminate() + + def kill(self) -> None: + self._process.kill() + + def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None: + self._process.send_signal(signal) + + @property + def pid(self) -> int: + return self._process.pid + + @property + def returncode(self) -> int | None: + return self._process.returncode + + @property + def stdin(self) -> abc.ByteSendStream | None: + return self._stdin + + @property + def stdout(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None: + return self._stdout + + @property + def stderr(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None: + return self._stderr + + +class _ProcessPoolShutdownInstrument(trio.abc.Instrument): + def after_run(self) -> None: + super().after_run() + + +current_default_worker_process_limiter: trio.lowlevel.RunVar = RunVar( + "current_default_worker_process_limiter" +) + + +async def _shutdown_process_pool(workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None: + try: + await trio.sleep(math.inf) + except trio.Cancelled: + for process in workers: + if process.returncode is None: + process.kill() + + with CancelScope(shield=True): + for process in workers: + await process.aclose() + + +# +# Sockets and networking +# + + +class _TrioSocketMixin(Generic[T_SockAddr]): + def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None: + self._trio_socket = trio_socket + self._closed = False + + def _check_closed(self) -> None: + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError + if self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0: + raise BrokenResourceError + + @property + def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket: + return self._trio_socket._sock # type: ignore[attr-defined] + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + if self._trio_socket.fileno() >= 0: + self._closed = True + self._trio_socket.close() + + def _convert_socket_error(self, exc: BaseException) -> NoReturn: + if isinstance(exc, trio.ClosedResourceError): + raise ClosedResourceError from exc + elif self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0 and self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + elif isinstance(exc, OSError): + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + else: + raise exc + + +class SocketStream(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketStream): + def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None: + super().__init__(trio_socket) + self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from") + self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to") + + async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes: + with self._receive_guard: + try: + data = await self._trio_socket.recv(max_bytes) + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + if data: + return data + else: + raise EndOfStream + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + with self._send_guard: + view = memoryview(item) + while view: + try: + bytes_sent = await self._trio_socket.send(view) + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + view = view[bytes_sent:] + + async def send_eof(self) -> None: + self._trio_socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR) + + +class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream, abc.UNIXSocketStream): + async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]: + if not isinstance(msglen, int) or msglen < 0: + raise ValueError("msglen must be a non-negative integer") + if not isinstance(maxfds, int) or maxfds < 1: + raise ValueError("maxfds must be a positive integer") + + fds = array.array("i") + await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint() + with self._receive_guard: + while True: + try: + message, ancdata, flags, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvmsg( + msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize) + ) + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + else: + if not message and not ancdata: + raise EndOfStream + + break + + for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata: + if cmsg_level != socket.SOL_SOCKET or cmsg_type != socket.SCM_RIGHTS: + raise RuntimeError( + f"Received unexpected ancillary data; message = {message!r}, " + f"cmsg_level = {cmsg_level}, cmsg_type = {cmsg_type}" + ) + + fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)]) + + return message, list(fds) + + async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None: + if not message: + raise ValueError("message must not be empty") + if not fds: + raise ValueError("fds must not be empty") + + filenos: list[int] = [] + for fd in fds: + if isinstance(fd, int): + filenos.append(fd) + elif isinstance(fd, IOBase): + filenos.append(fd.fileno()) + + fdarray = array.array("i", filenos) + await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint() + with self._send_guard: + while True: + try: + await self._trio_socket.sendmsg( + [message], + [ + ( + socket.SOL_SOCKET, + socket.SCM_RIGHTS, + fdarray, + ) + ], + ) + break + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + +class TCPSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener): + def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket): + super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket)) + self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from") + + async def accept(self) -> SocketStream: + with self._accept_guard: + try: + trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept() + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) + return SocketStream(trio_socket) + + +class UNIXSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener): + def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket): + super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket)) + self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from") + + async def accept(self) -> UNIXSocketStream: + with self._accept_guard: + try: + trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept() + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket) + + +class UDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.UDPSocket): + def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None: + super().__init__(trio_socket) + self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from") + self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to") + + async def receive(self) -> tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]: + with self._receive_guard: + try: + data, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvfrom(65536) + return data, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(addr) + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + async def send(self, item: UDPPacketType) -> None: + with self._send_guard: + try: + await self._trio_socket.sendto(*item) + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + +class ConnectedUDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.ConnectedUDPSocket): + def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None: + super().__init__(trio_socket) + self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from") + self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to") + + async def receive(self) -> bytes: + with self._receive_guard: + try: + return await self._trio_socket.recv(65536) + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + with self._send_guard: + try: + await self._trio_socket.send(item) + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + +class UNIXDatagramSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[str], abc.UNIXDatagramSocket): + def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None: + super().__init__(trio_socket) + self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from") + self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to") + + async def receive(self) -> UNIXDatagramPacketType: + with self._receive_guard: + try: + data, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvfrom(65536) + return data, addr + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + async def send(self, item: UNIXDatagramPacketType) -> None: + with self._send_guard: + try: + await self._trio_socket.sendto(*item) + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + +class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket( + _TrioSocketMixin[str], abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket +): + def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None: + super().__init__(trio_socket) + self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from") + self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to") + + async def receive(self) -> bytes: + with self._receive_guard: + try: + return await self._trio_socket.recv(65536) + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + with self._send_guard: + try: + await self._trio_socket.send(item) + except BaseException as exc: + self._convert_socket_error(exc) + + +# +# Synchronization +# + + +class Event(BaseEvent): + def __new__(cls) -> Event: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__(self) -> None: + self.__original = trio.Event() + + def is_set(self) -> bool: + return self.__original.is_set() + + async def wait(self) -> None: + return await self.__original.wait() + + def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics: + orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics() + return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=orig_statistics.tasks_waiting) + + def set(self) -> None: + self.__original.set() + + +class Lock(BaseLock): + def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> None: + self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire + self.__original = trio.Lock() + + @staticmethod + def _convert_runtime_error_msg(exc: RuntimeError) -> None: + if exc.args == ("attempt to re-acquire an already held Lock",): + exc.args = ("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock",) + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + if not self._fast_acquire: + try: + await self.__original.acquire() + except RuntimeError as exc: + self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc) + raise + + return + + # This is the "fast path" where we don't let other tasks run + await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled() + try: + self.__original.acquire_nowait() + except trio.WouldBlock: + await self.__original._lot.park() + except RuntimeError as exc: + self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc) + raise + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + try: + self.__original.acquire_nowait() + except trio.WouldBlock: + raise WouldBlock from None + except RuntimeError as exc: + self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc) + raise + + def locked(self) -> bool: + return self.__original.locked() + + def release(self) -> None: + self.__original.release() + + def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics: + orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics() + owner = TrioTaskInfo(orig_statistics.owner) if orig_statistics.owner else None + return LockStatistics( + orig_statistics.locked, owner, orig_statistics.tasks_waiting + ) + + +class Semaphore(BaseSemaphore): + def __new__( + cls, + initial_value: int, + *, + max_value: int | None = None, + fast_acquire: bool = False, + ) -> Semaphore: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__( + self, + initial_value: int, + *, + max_value: int | None = None, + fast_acquire: bool = False, + ) -> None: + super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire) + self.__original = trio.Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value) + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + if not self._fast_acquire: + await self.__original.acquire() + return + + # This is the "fast path" where we don't let other tasks run + await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled() + try: + self.__original.acquire_nowait() + except trio.WouldBlock: + await self.__original._lot.park() + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + try: + self.__original.acquire_nowait() + except trio.WouldBlock: + raise WouldBlock from None + + @property + def max_value(self) -> int | None: + return self.__original.max_value + + @property + def value(self) -> int: + return self.__original.value + + def release(self) -> None: + self.__original.release() + + def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics: + orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics() + return SemaphoreStatistics(orig_statistics.tasks_waiting) + + +class CapacityLimiter(BaseCapacityLimiter): + def __new__( + cls, + total_tokens: float | None = None, + *, + original: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None, + ) -> CapacityLimiter: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__( + self, + total_tokens: float | None = None, + *, + original: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None, + ) -> None: + if original is not None: + self.__original = original + else: + assert total_tokens is not None + self.__original = trio.CapacityLimiter(total_tokens) + + async def __aenter__(self) -> None: + return await self.__original.__aenter__() + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + await self.__original.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) + + @property + def total_tokens(self) -> float: + return self.__original.total_tokens + + @total_tokens.setter + def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None: + self.__original.total_tokens = value + + @property + def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int: + return self.__original.borrowed_tokens + + @property + def available_tokens(self) -> float: + return self.__original.available_tokens + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + self.__original.acquire_nowait() + + def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None: + self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower) + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + await self.__original.acquire() + + async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None: + await self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower) + + def release(self) -> None: + return self.__original.release() + + def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None: + return self.__original.release_on_behalf_of(borrower) + + def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics: + orig = self.__original.statistics() + return CapacityLimiterStatistics( + borrowed_tokens=orig.borrowed_tokens, + total_tokens=orig.total_tokens, + borrowers=tuple(orig.borrowers), + tasks_waiting=orig.tasks_waiting, + ) + + +_capacity_limiter_wrapper: trio.lowlevel.RunVar = RunVar("_capacity_limiter_wrapper") + + +# +# Signal handling +# + + +class _SignalReceiver: + _iterator: AsyncIterator[int] + + def __init__(self, signals: tuple[Signals, ...]): + self._signals = signals + + def __enter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver: + self._cm = trio.open_signal_receiver(*self._signals) + self._iterator = self._cm.__enter__() + return self + + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> bool | None: + return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) + + def __aiter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver: + return self + + async def __anext__(self) -> Signals: + signum = await self._iterator.__anext__() + return Signals(signum) + + +# +# Testing and debugging +# + + +class TestRunner(abc.TestRunner): + def __init__(self, **options: Any) -> None: + from queue import Queue + + self._call_queue: Queue[Callable[[], object]] = Queue() + self._send_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream | None = None + self._options = options + + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + if self._send_stream: + self._send_stream.close() + while self._send_stream is not None: + self._call_queue.get()() + + async def _run_tests_and_fixtures(self) -> None: + self._send_stream, receive_stream = create_memory_object_stream(1) + with receive_stream: + async for coro, outcome_holder in receive_stream: + try: + retval = await coro + except BaseException as exc: + outcome_holder.append(Error(exc)) + else: + outcome_holder.append(Value(retval)) + + def _main_task_finished(self, outcome: object) -> None: + self._send_stream = None + + def _call_in_runner_task( + self, + func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]], + *args: P.args, + **kwargs: P.kwargs, + ) -> T_Retval: + if self._send_stream is None: + trio.lowlevel.start_guest_run( + self._run_tests_and_fixtures, + run_sync_soon_threadsafe=self._call_queue.put, + done_callback=self._main_task_finished, + **self._options, + ) + while self._send_stream is None: + self._call_queue.get()() + + outcome_holder: list[Outcome] = [] + self._send_stream.send_nowait((func(*args, **kwargs), outcome_holder)) + while not outcome_holder: + self._call_queue.get()() + + return outcome_holder[0].unwrap() + + def run_asyncgen_fixture( + self, + fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[T_Retval, Any]], + kwargs: dict[str, Any], + ) -> Iterable[T_Retval]: + asyncgen = fixture_func(**kwargs) + fixturevalue: T_Retval = self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None) + + yield fixturevalue + + try: + self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None) + except StopAsyncIteration: + pass + else: + self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.aclose) + raise RuntimeError("Async generator fixture did not stop") + + def run_fixture( + self, + fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]], + kwargs: dict[str, Any], + ) -> T_Retval: + return self._call_in_runner_task(fixture_func, **kwargs) + + def run_test( + self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any] + ) -> None: + self._call_in_runner_task(test_func, **kwargs) + + +class TrioTaskInfo(TaskInfo): + def __init__(self, task: trio.lowlevel.Task): + parent_id = None + if task.parent_nursery and task.parent_nursery.parent_task: + parent_id = id(task.parent_nursery.parent_task) + + super().__init__(id(task), parent_id, task.name, task.coro) + self._task = weakref.proxy(task) + + def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool: + try: + return self._task._cancel_status.effectively_cancelled + except ReferenceError: + # If the task is no longer around, it surely doesn't have a cancellation + # pending + return False + + +class TrioBackend(AsyncBackend): + @classmethod + def run( + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + kwargs: dict[str, Any], + options: dict[str, Any], + ) -> T_Retval: + return trio.run(func, *args) + + @classmethod + def current_token(cls) -> object: + return trio.lowlevel.current_trio_token() + + @classmethod + def current_time(cls) -> float: + return trio.current_time() + + @classmethod + def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]: + return trio.Cancelled + + @classmethod + async def checkpoint(cls) -> None: + await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint() + + @classmethod + async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None: + await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled() + + @classmethod + async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None: + await trio.lowlevel.cancel_shielded_checkpoint() + + @classmethod + async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None: + await trio.sleep(delay) + + @classmethod + def create_cancel_scope( + cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False + ) -> abc.CancelScope: + return CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield) + + @classmethod + def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float: + return trio.current_effective_deadline() + + @classmethod + def create_task_group(cls) -> abc.TaskGroup: + return TaskGroup() + + @classmethod + def create_event(cls) -> abc.Event: + return Event() + + @classmethod + def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> Lock: + return Lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire) + + @classmethod + def create_semaphore( + cls, + initial_value: int, + *, + max_value: int | None = None, + fast_acquire: bool = False, + ) -> abc.Semaphore: + return Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire) + + @classmethod + def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter: + return CapacityLimiter(total_tokens) + + @classmethod + async def run_sync_in_worker_thread( + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + abandon_on_cancel: bool = False, + limiter: abc.CapacityLimiter | None = None, + ) -> T_Retval: + def wrapper() -> T_Retval: + with claim_worker_thread(TrioBackend, token): + return func(*args) + + token = TrioBackend.current_token() + return await run_sync( + wrapper, + abandon_on_cancel=abandon_on_cancel, + limiter=cast(trio.CapacityLimiter, limiter), + ) + + @classmethod + def check_cancelled(cls) -> None: + trio.from_thread.check_cancelled() + + @classmethod + def run_async_from_thread( + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + token: object, + ) -> T_Retval: + return trio.from_thread.run(func, *args) + + @classmethod + def run_sync_from_thread( + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + token: object, + ) -> T_Retval: + return trio.from_thread.run_sync(func, *args) + + @classmethod + def create_blocking_portal(cls) -> abc.BlockingPortal: + return BlockingPortal() + + @classmethod + async def open_process( + cls, + command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath], + *, + stdin: int | IO[Any] | None, + stdout: int | IO[Any] | None, + stderr: int | IO[Any] | None, + **kwargs: Any, + ) -> Process: + def convert_item(item: StrOrBytesPath) -> str: + str_or_bytes = os.fspath(item) + if isinstance(str_or_bytes, str): + return str_or_bytes + else: + return os.fsdecode(str_or_bytes) + + if isinstance(command, (str, bytes, PathLike)): + process = await trio.lowlevel.open_process( + convert_item(command), + stdin=stdin, + stdout=stdout, + stderr=stderr, + shell=True, + **kwargs, + ) + else: + process = await trio.lowlevel.open_process( + [convert_item(item) for item in command], + stdin=stdin, + stdout=stdout, + stderr=stderr, + shell=False, + **kwargs, + ) + + stdin_stream = SendStreamWrapper(process.stdin) if process.stdin else None + stdout_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stdout) if process.stdout else None + stderr_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stderr) if process.stderr else None + return Process(process, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream) + + @classmethod + def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None: + trio.lowlevel.spawn_system_task(_shutdown_process_pool, workers) + + @classmethod + async def connect_tcp( + cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None + ) -> SocketStream: + family = socket.AF_INET6 if ":" in host else socket.AF_INET + trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family) + trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) + if local_address: + await trio_socket.bind(local_address) + + try: + await trio_socket.connect((host, port)) + except BaseException: + trio_socket.close() + raise + + return SocketStream(trio_socket) + + @classmethod + async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> abc.UNIXSocketStream: + trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX) + try: + await trio_socket.connect(path) + except BaseException: + trio_socket.close() + raise + + return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket) + + @classmethod + def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener: + return TCPSocketListener(sock) + + @classmethod + def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener: + return UNIXSocketListener(sock) + + @classmethod + async def create_udp_socket( + cls, + family: socket.AddressFamily, + local_address: IPSockAddrType | None, + remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None, + reuse_port: bool, + ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket: + trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM) + + if reuse_port: + trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1) + + if local_address: + await trio_socket.bind(local_address) + + if remote_address: + await trio_socket.connect(remote_address) + return ConnectedUDPSocket(trio_socket) + else: + return UDPSocket(trio_socket) + + @classmethod + @overload + async def create_unix_datagram_socket( + cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: None + ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket: ... + + @classmethod + @overload + async def create_unix_datagram_socket( + cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes + ) -> abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: ... + + @classmethod + async def create_unix_datagram_socket( + cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None + ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket | abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: + trio_socket = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket) + + if remote_path: + await trio_socket.connect(remote_path) + return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(trio_socket) + else: + return UNIXDatagramSocket(trio_socket) + + @classmethod + async def getaddrinfo( + cls, + host: bytes | str | None, + port: str | int | None, + *, + family: int | AddressFamily = 0, + type: int | SocketKind = 0, + proto: int = 0, + flags: int = 0, + ) -> list[ + tuple[ + AddressFamily, + SocketKind, + int, + str, + tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int], + ] + ]: + return await trio.socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags) + + @classmethod + async def getnameinfo( + cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0 + ) -> tuple[str, str]: + return await trio.socket.getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags) + + @classmethod + async def wait_readable(cls, obj: HasFileno | int) -> None: + try: + await wait_readable(obj) + except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc: + raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None + except trio.BusyResourceError: + raise BusyResourceError("reading from") from None + + @classmethod + async def wait_writable(cls, obj: HasFileno | int) -> None: + try: + await wait_writable(obj) + except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc: + raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None + except trio.BusyResourceError: + raise BusyResourceError("writing to") from None + + @classmethod + def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter: + try: + return _capacity_limiter_wrapper.get() + except LookupError: + limiter = CapacityLimiter( + original=trio.to_thread.current_default_thread_limiter() + ) + _capacity_limiter_wrapper.set(limiter) + return limiter + + @classmethod + def open_signal_receiver( + cls, *signals: Signals + ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]: + return _SignalReceiver(signals) + + @classmethod + def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo: + task = current_task() + return TrioTaskInfo(task) + + @classmethod + def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]: + root_task = current_root_task() + assert root_task + task_infos = [TrioTaskInfo(root_task)] + nurseries = root_task.child_nurseries + while nurseries: + new_nurseries: list[trio.Nursery] = [] + for nursery in nurseries: + for task in nursery.child_tasks: + task_infos.append(TrioTaskInfo(task)) + new_nurseries.extend(task.child_nurseries) + + nurseries = new_nurseries + + return task_infos + + @classmethod + async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None: + from trio.testing import wait_all_tasks_blocked + + await wait_all_tasks_blocked() + + @classmethod + def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner: + return TestRunner(**options) + 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+import socket +import threading +from collections.abc import Callable +from selectors import EVENT_READ, EVENT_WRITE, DefaultSelector +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike + +_selector_lock = threading.Lock() +_selector: Selector | None = None + + +class Selector: + def __init__(self) -> None: + self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run, name="AnyIO socket selector") + self._selector = DefaultSelector() + self._send, self._receive = socket.socketpair() + self._send.setblocking(False) + self._receive.setblocking(False) + # This somewhat reduces the amount of memory wasted queueing up data + # for wakeups. With these settings, maximum number of 1-byte sends + # before getting BlockingIOError: + # Linux 4.8: 6 + # macOS (darwin 15.5): 1 + # Windows 10: 525347 + # Windows you're weird. (And on Windows setting SNDBUF to 0 makes send + # blocking, even on non-blocking sockets, so don't do that.) + self._receive.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, 1) + self._send.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF, 1) + # On Windows this is a TCP socket so this might matter. On other + # platforms this fails b/c AF_UNIX sockets aren't actually TCP. + try: + self._send.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) + except OSError: + pass + + self._selector.register(self._receive, EVENT_READ) + self._closed = False + + def start(self) -> None: + self._thread.start() + threading._register_atexit(self._stop) # type: ignore[attr-defined] + + def _stop(self) -> None: + global _selector + self._closed = True + self._notify_self() + self._send.close() + self._thread.join() + self._selector.unregister(self._receive) + self._receive.close() + self._selector.close() + _selector = None + assert ( + not self._selector.get_map() + ), "selector still has registered file descriptors after shutdown" + + def _notify_self(self) -> None: + try: + self._send.send(b"\x00") + except BlockingIOError: + pass + + def add_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None: + loop = asyncio.get_running_loop() + try: + key = self._selector.get_key(fd) + except KeyError: + self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_READ, {EVENT_READ: (loop, callback)}) + else: + if EVENT_READ in key.data: + raise ValueError( + "this file descriptor is already registered for reading" + ) + + key.data[EVENT_READ] = loop, callback + self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_READ, key.data) + + self._notify_self() + + def add_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None: + loop = asyncio.get_running_loop() + try: + key = self._selector.get_key(fd) + except KeyError: + self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_WRITE, {EVENT_WRITE: (loop, callback)}) + else: + if EVENT_WRITE in key.data: + raise ValueError( + "this file descriptor is already registered for writing" + ) + + key.data[EVENT_WRITE] = loop, callback + self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_WRITE, key.data) + + self._notify_self() + + def remove_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool: + try: + key = self._selector.get_key(fd) + except KeyError: + return False + + if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_READ: + del key.data[EVENT_READ] + self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data) + else: + self._selector.unregister(fd) + + return True + + def remove_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool: + try: + key = self._selector.get_key(fd) + except KeyError: + return False + + if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_WRITE: + del key.data[EVENT_WRITE] + self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data) + else: + self._selector.unregister(fd) + + return True + + def run(self) -> None: + while not self._closed: + for key, events in self._selector.select(): + if key.fileobj is self._receive: + try: + while self._receive.recv(4096): + pass + except BlockingIOError: + pass + + continue + + if events & EVENT_READ: + loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_READ] + self.remove_reader(key.fd) + try: + loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback) + except RuntimeError: + pass # the loop was already closed + + if events & EVENT_WRITE: + loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_WRITE] + self.remove_writer(key.fd) + try: + loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback) + except RuntimeError: + pass # the loop was already closed + + +def get_selector() -> Selector: + global _selector + + with _selector_lock: + if _selector is None: + _selector = Selector() + _selector.start() + + return _selector diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6dcb45898184ec7ea5143e42bd147138fd8ed304 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import math +import sys +import threading +from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Generator +from contextlib import contextmanager +from importlib import import_module +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar + +import sniffio + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 11): + from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack +else: + from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from ..abc import AsyncBackend + +# This must be updated when new backends are introduced +BACKENDS = "asyncio", "trio" + +T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval") +PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT") + +threadlocals = threading.local() +loaded_backends: dict[str, type[AsyncBackend]] = {} + + +def run( + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]], + *args: Unpack[PosArgsT], + backend: str = "asyncio", + backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None, +) -> T_Retval: + """ + Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop. + + The current thread must not be already running an event loop. + + :param func: a coroutine function + :param args: positional arguments to ``func`` + :param backend: name of the asynchronous event loop implementation – currently + either ``asyncio`` or ``trio`` + :param backend_options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()`` + implementation with (documented :ref:`here `) + :return: the return value of the coroutine function + :raises RuntimeError: if an asynchronous event loop is already running in this + thread + :raises LookupError: if the named backend is not found + + """ + try: + asynclib_name = sniffio.current_async_library() + except sniffio.AsyncLibraryNotFoundError: + pass + else: + raise RuntimeError(f"Already running {asynclib_name} in this thread") + + try: + async_backend = get_async_backend(backend) + except ImportError as exc: + raise LookupError(f"No such backend: {backend}") from exc + + token = None + if sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.get(None) is None: + # Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the async + # library + token = sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set(backend) + + try: + backend_options = backend_options or {} + return async_backend.run(func, args, {}, backend_options) + finally: + if token: + sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.reset(token) + + +async def sleep(delay: float) -> None: + """ + Pause the current task for the specified duration. + + :param delay: the duration, in seconds + + """ + return await get_async_backend().sleep(delay) + + +async def sleep_forever() -> None: + """ + Pause the current task until it's cancelled. + + This is a shortcut for ``sleep(math.inf)``. + + .. versionadded:: 3.1 + + """ + await sleep(math.inf) + + +async def sleep_until(deadline: float) -> None: + """ + Pause the current task until the given time. + + :param deadline: the absolute time to wake up at (according to the internal + monotonic clock of the event loop) + + .. versionadded:: 3.1 + + """ + now = current_time() + await sleep(max(deadline - now, 0)) + + +def current_time() -> float: + """ + Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock. + + :return: the clock value (seconds) + + """ + return get_async_backend().current_time() + + +def get_all_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]: + """Return a tuple of the names of all built-in backends.""" + return BACKENDS + + +def get_cancelled_exc_class() -> type[BaseException]: + """Return the current async library's cancellation exception class.""" + return get_async_backend().cancelled_exception_class() + + +# +# Private API +# + + +@contextmanager +def claim_worker_thread( + backend_class: type[AsyncBackend], token: object +) -> Generator[Any, None, None]: + threadlocals.current_async_backend = backend_class + threadlocals.current_token = token + try: + yield + finally: + del threadlocals.current_async_backend + del threadlocals.current_token + + +def get_async_backend(asynclib_name: str | None = None) -> type[AsyncBackend]: + if asynclib_name is None: + asynclib_name = sniffio.current_async_library() + + # We use our own dict instead of sys.modules to get the already imported back-end + # class because the appropriate modules in sys.modules could potentially be only + # partially initialized + try: + return loaded_backends[asynclib_name] + except KeyError: + module = import_module(f"anyio._backends._{asynclib_name}") + loaded_backends[asynclib_name] = module.backend_class + return module.backend_class diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16b94482c061f69e3ad415f1908ad2da715d1304 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import sys +from collections.abc import Generator +from textwrap import dedent +from typing import Any + +if sys.version_info < (3, 11): + from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup + + +class BrokenResourceError(Exception): + """ + Raised when trying to use a resource that has been rendered unusable due to external + causes (e.g. a send stream whose peer has disconnected). + """ + + +class BrokenWorkerProcess(Exception): + """ + Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_process.run_sync` if the worker process terminates abruptly or + otherwise misbehaves. + """ + + +class BrokenWorkerIntepreter(Exception): + """ + Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_interpreter.run_sync` if an unexpected exception is + raised in the subinterpreter. + """ + + def __init__(self, excinfo: Any): + # This was adapted from concurrent.futures.interpreter.ExecutionFailed + msg = excinfo.formatted + if not msg: + if excinfo.type and excinfo.msg: + msg = f"{excinfo.type.__name__}: {excinfo.msg}" + else: + msg = excinfo.type.__name__ or excinfo.msg + + super().__init__(msg) + self.excinfo = excinfo + + def __str__(self) -> str: + try: + formatted = self.excinfo.errdisplay + except Exception: + return super().__str__() + else: + return dedent( + f""" + {super().__str__()} + + Uncaught in the interpreter: + + {formatted} + """.strip() + ) + + +class BusyResourceError(Exception): + """ + Raised when two tasks are trying to read from or write to the same resource + concurrently. + """ + + def __init__(self, action: str): + super().__init__(f"Another task is already {action} this resource") + + +class ClosedResourceError(Exception): + """Raised when trying to use a resource that has been closed.""" + + +class DelimiterNotFound(Exception): + """ + Raised during + :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the + maximum number of bytes has been read without the delimiter being found. + """ + + def __init__(self, max_bytes: int) -> None: + super().__init__( + f"The delimiter was not found among the first {max_bytes} bytes" + ) + + +class EndOfStream(Exception): + """ + Raised when trying to read from a stream that has been closed from the other end. + """ + + +class IncompleteRead(Exception): + """ + Raised during + :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_exactly` or + :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the + connection is closed before the requested amount of bytes has been read. + """ + + def __init__(self) -> None: + super().__init__( + "The stream was closed before the read operation could be completed" + ) + + +class TypedAttributeLookupError(LookupError): + """ + Raised by :meth:`~anyio.TypedAttributeProvider.extra` when the given typed attribute + is not found and no default value has been given. + """ + + +class WouldBlock(Exception): + """Raised by ``X_nowait`` functions if ``X()`` would block.""" + + +def iterate_exceptions( + exception: BaseException, +) -> Generator[BaseException, None, None]: + if isinstance(exception, BaseExceptionGroup): + for exc in exception.exceptions: + yield from iterate_exceptions(exc) + else: + yield exception diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e34f2addc58240fb941f8fbbe8c479aea3b1eb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py @@ -0,0 +1,729 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import os +import pathlib +import sys +from collections.abc import ( + AsyncIterator, + Callable, + Iterable, + Iterator, + Sequence, +) +from dataclasses import dataclass +from functools import partial +from os import PathLike +from typing import ( + IO, + TYPE_CHECKING, + Any, + AnyStr, + Final, + Generic, + overload, +) + +from .. import to_thread +from ..abc import AsyncResource + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from _typeshed import OpenBinaryMode, OpenTextMode, ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer +else: + ReadableBuffer = OpenBinaryMode = OpenTextMode = WriteableBuffer = object + + +class AsyncFile(AsyncResource, Generic[AnyStr]): + """ + An asynchronous file object. + + This class wraps a standard file object and provides async friendly versions of the + following blocking methods (where available on the original file object): + + * read + * read1 + * readline + * readlines + * readinto + * readinto1 + * write + * writelines + * truncate + * seek + * tell + * flush + + All other methods are directly passed through. + + This class supports the asynchronous context manager protocol which closes the + underlying file at the end of the context block. + + This class also supports asynchronous iteration:: + + async with await open_file(...) as f: + async for line in f: + print(line) + """ + + def __init__(self, fp: IO[AnyStr]) -> None: + self._fp: Any = fp + + def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> object: + return getattr(self._fp, name) + + @property + def wrapped(self) -> IO[AnyStr]: + """The wrapped file object.""" + return self._fp + + async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[AnyStr]: + while True: + line = await self.readline() + if line: + yield line + else: + break + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.close) + + async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> AnyStr: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read, size) + + async def read1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], size: int = -1) -> bytes: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read1, size) + + async def readline(self) -> AnyStr: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readline) + + async def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readlines) + + async def readinto(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto, b) + + async def readinto1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto1, b) + + @overload + async def write(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: ReadableBuffer) -> int: ... + + @overload + async def write(self: AsyncFile[str], b: str) -> int: ... + + async def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer | str) -> int: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.write, b) + + @overload + async def writelines( + self: AsyncFile[bytes], lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer] + ) -> None: ... + + @overload + async def writelines(self: AsyncFile[str], lines: Iterable[str]) -> None: ... + + async def writelines(self, lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer] | Iterable[str]) -> None: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.writelines, lines) + + async def truncate(self, size: int | None = None) -> int: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.truncate, size) + + async def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int | None = os.SEEK_SET) -> int: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.seek, offset, whence) + + async def tell(self) -> int: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.tell) + + async def flush(self) -> None: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.flush) + + +@overload +async def open_file( + file: str | PathLike[str] | int, + mode: OpenBinaryMode, + buffering: int = ..., + encoding: str | None = ..., + errors: str | None = ..., + newline: str | None = ..., + closefd: bool = ..., + opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ..., +) -> AsyncFile[bytes]: ... + + +@overload +async def open_file( + file: str | PathLike[str] | int, + mode: OpenTextMode = ..., + buffering: int = ..., + encoding: str | None = ..., + errors: str | None = ..., + newline: str | None = ..., + closefd: bool = ..., + opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ..., +) -> AsyncFile[str]: ... + + +async def open_file( + file: str | PathLike[str] | int, + mode: str = "r", + buffering: int = -1, + encoding: str | None = None, + errors: str | None = None, + newline: str | None = None, + closefd: bool = True, + opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = None, +) -> AsyncFile[Any]: + """ + Open a file asynchronously. + + The arguments are exactly the same as for the builtin :func:`open`. + + :return: an asynchronous file object + + """ + fp = await to_thread.run_sync( + open, file, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline, closefd, opener + ) + return AsyncFile(fp) + + +def wrap_file(file: IO[AnyStr]) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]: + """ + Wrap an existing file as an asynchronous file. + + :param file: an existing file-like object + :return: an asynchronous file object + + """ + return AsyncFile(file) + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class _PathIterator(AsyncIterator["Path"]): + iterator: Iterator[PathLike[str]] + + async def __anext__(self) -> Path: + nextval = await to_thread.run_sync( + next, self.iterator, None, abandon_on_cancel=True + ) + if nextval is None: + raise StopAsyncIteration from None + + return Path(nextval) + + +class Path: + """ + An asynchronous version of :class:`pathlib.Path`. + + This class cannot be substituted for :class:`pathlib.Path` or + :class:`pathlib.PurePath`, but it is compatible with the :class:`os.PathLike` + interface. + + It implements the Python 3.10 version of :class:`pathlib.Path` interface, except for + the deprecated :meth:`~pathlib.Path.link_to` method. + + Some methods may be unavailable or have limited functionality, based on the Python + version: + + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy` (available on Python 3.14 or later) + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy_into` (available on Python 3.14 or later) + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.from_uri` (available on Python 3.13 or later) + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.full_match` (available on Python 3.13 or later) + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_junction` (available on Python 3.12 or later) + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.match` (the ``case_sensitive`` paramater is only available on + Python 3.13 or later) + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move` (available on Python 3.14 or later) + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move_into` (available on Python 3.14 or later) + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.relative_to` (the ``walk_up`` parameter is only available on + Python 3.12 or later) + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.walk` (available on Python 3.12 or later) + + Any methods that do disk I/O need to be awaited on. These methods are: + + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.absolute` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.chmod` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.cwd` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.expanduser` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.group` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.hardlink_to` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_junction` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lchmod` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lstat` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.mkdir` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.open` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.owner` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_bytes` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_text` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.readlink` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rename` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.replace` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.resolve` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rmdir` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.samefile` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.stat` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.symlink_to` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.touch` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.unlink` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.walk` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_bytes` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_text` + + Additionally, the following methods return an async iterator yielding + :class:`~.Path` objects: + + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.glob` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.iterdir` + * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` + """ + + __slots__ = "_path", "__weakref__" + + __weakref__: Any + + def __init__(self, *args: str | PathLike[str]) -> None: + self._path: Final[pathlib.Path] = pathlib.Path(*args) + + def __fspath__(self) -> str: + return self._path.__fspath__() + + def __str__(self) -> str: + return self._path.__str__() + + def __repr__(self) -> str: + return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.as_posix()!r})" + + def __bytes__(self) -> bytes: + return self._path.__bytes__() + + def __hash__(self) -> int: + return self._path.__hash__() + + def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: + target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other + return self._path.__eq__(target) + + def __lt__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool: + target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other + return self._path.__lt__(target) + + def __le__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool: + target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other + return self._path.__le__(target) + + def __gt__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool: + target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other + return self._path.__gt__(target) + + def __ge__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool: + target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other + return self._path.__ge__(target) + + def __truediv__(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path: + return Path(self._path / other) + + def __rtruediv__(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path: + return Path(other) / self + + @property + def parts(self) -> tuple[str, ...]: + return self._path.parts + + @property + def drive(self) -> str: + return self._path.drive + + @property + def root(self) -> str: + return self._path.root + + @property + def anchor(self) -> str: + return self._path.anchor + + @property + def parents(self) -> Sequence[Path]: + return tuple(Path(p) for p in self._path.parents) + + @property + def parent(self) -> Path: + return Path(self._path.parent) + + @property + def name(self) -> str: + return self._path.name + + @property + def suffix(self) -> str: + return self._path.suffix + + @property + def suffixes(self) -> list[str]: + return self._path.suffixes + + @property + def stem(self) -> str: + return self._path.stem + + async def absolute(self) -> Path: + path = await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.absolute) + return Path(path) + + def as_posix(self) -> str: + return self._path.as_posix() + + def as_uri(self) -> str: + return self._path.as_uri() + + if sys.version_info >= (3, 13): + parser = pathlib.Path.parser + + @classmethod + def from_uri(cls, uri: str) -> Path: + return Path(pathlib.Path.from_uri(uri)) + + def full_match( + self, path_pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None + ) -> bool: + return self._path.full_match(path_pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive) + + def match( + self, path_pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None + ) -> bool: + return self._path.match(path_pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive) + else: + + def match(self, path_pattern: str) -> bool: + return self._path.match(path_pattern) + + if sys.version_info >= (3, 14): + + async def copy( + self, + target: str | os.PathLike[str], + *, + follow_symlinks: bool = True, + dirs_exist_ok: bool = False, + preserve_metadata: bool = False, + ) -> Path: + func = partial( + self._path.copy, + follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks, + dirs_exist_ok=dirs_exist_ok, + preserve_metadata=preserve_metadata, + ) + return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(func, target)) + + async def copy_into( + self, + target_dir: str | os.PathLike[str], + *, + follow_symlinks: bool = True, + dirs_exist_ok: bool = False, + preserve_metadata: bool = False, + ) -> Path: + func = partial( + self._path.copy_into, + follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks, + dirs_exist_ok=dirs_exist_ok, + preserve_metadata=preserve_metadata, + ) + return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(func, target_dir)) + + async def move(self, target: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Path: + # Upstream does not handle anyio.Path properly as a PathLike + target = pathlib.Path(target) + return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.move, target)) + + async def move_into( + self, + target_dir: str | os.PathLike[str], + ) -> Path: + return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.move_into, target_dir)) + + def is_relative_to(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> bool: + try: + self.relative_to(other) + return True + except ValueError: + return False + + async def chmod(self, mode: int, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> None: + func = partial(os.chmod, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) + return await to_thread.run_sync(func, self._path, mode) + + @classmethod + async def cwd(cls) -> Path: + path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.cwd) + return cls(path) + + async def exists(self) -> bool: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.exists, abandon_on_cancel=True) + + async def expanduser(self) -> Path: + return Path( + await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.expanduser, abandon_on_cancel=True) + ) + + def glob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Path]: + gen = self._path.glob(pattern) + return _PathIterator(gen) + + async def group(self) -> str: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.group, abandon_on_cancel=True) + + async def hardlink_to( + self, target: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes] + ) -> None: + if isinstance(target, Path): + target = target._path + + await to_thread.run_sync(os.link, target, self) + + @classmethod + async def home(cls) -> Path: + home_path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.home) + return cls(home_path) + + def is_absolute(self) -> bool: + return self._path.is_absolute() + + async def is_block_device(self) -> bool: + return await to_thread.run_sync( + self._path.is_block_device, abandon_on_cancel=True + ) + + async def is_char_device(self) -> bool: + return await to_thread.run_sync( + self._path.is_char_device, abandon_on_cancel=True + ) + + async def is_dir(self) -> bool: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_dir, abandon_on_cancel=True) + + async def is_fifo(self) -> bool: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_fifo, abandon_on_cancel=True) + + async def is_file(self) -> bool: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_file, abandon_on_cancel=True) + + if sys.version_info >= (3, 12): + + async def is_junction(self) -> bool: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_junction) + + async def is_mount(self) -> bool: + return await to_thread.run_sync( + os.path.ismount, self._path, abandon_on_cancel=True + ) + + def is_reserved(self) -> bool: + return self._path.is_reserved() + + async def is_socket(self) -> bool: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_socket, abandon_on_cancel=True) + + async def is_symlink(self) -> bool: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_symlink, abandon_on_cancel=True) + + def iterdir(self) -> AsyncIterator[Path]: + gen = self._path.iterdir() + return _PathIterator(gen) + + def joinpath(self, *args: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path: + return Path(self._path.joinpath(*args)) + + async def lchmod(self, mode: int) -> None: + await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.lchmod, mode) + + async def lstat(self) -> os.stat_result: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.lstat, abandon_on_cancel=True) + + async def mkdir( + self, mode: int = 0o777, parents: bool = False, exist_ok: bool = False + ) -> None: + await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.mkdir, mode, parents, exist_ok) + + @overload + async def open( + self, + mode: OpenBinaryMode, + buffering: int = ..., + encoding: str | None = ..., + errors: str | None = ..., + newline: str | None = ..., + ) -> AsyncFile[bytes]: ... + + @overload + async def open( + self, + mode: OpenTextMode = ..., + buffering: int = ..., + encoding: str | None = ..., + errors: str | None = ..., + newline: str | None = ..., + ) -> AsyncFile[str]: ... + + async def open( + self, + mode: str = "r", + buffering: int = -1, + encoding: str | None = None, + errors: str | None = None, + newline: str | None = None, + ) -> AsyncFile[Any]: + fp = await to_thread.run_sync( + self._path.open, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline + ) + return AsyncFile(fp) + + async def owner(self) -> str: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.owner, abandon_on_cancel=True) + + async def read_bytes(self) -> bytes: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.read_bytes) + + async def read_text( + self, encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None + ) -> str: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.read_text, encoding, errors) + + if sys.version_info >= (3, 12): + + def relative_to( + self, *other: str | PathLike[str], walk_up: bool = False + ) -> Path: + return Path(self._path.relative_to(*other, walk_up=walk_up)) + + else: + + def relative_to(self, *other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path: + return Path(self._path.relative_to(*other)) + + async def readlink(self) -> Path: + target = await to_thread.run_sync(os.readlink, self._path) + return Path(target) + + async def rename(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Path: + if isinstance(target, Path): + target = target._path + + await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rename, target) + return Path(target) + + async def replace(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Path: + if isinstance(target, Path): + target = target._path + + await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.replace, target) + return Path(target) + + async def resolve(self, strict: bool = False) -> Path: + func = partial(self._path.resolve, strict=strict) + return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(func, abandon_on_cancel=True)) + + def rglob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Path]: + gen = self._path.rglob(pattern) + return _PathIterator(gen) + + async def rmdir(self) -> None: + await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rmdir) + + async def samefile(self, other_path: str | PathLike[str]) -> bool: + if isinstance(other_path, Path): + other_path = other_path._path + + return await to_thread.run_sync( + self._path.samefile, other_path, abandon_on_cancel=True + ) + + async def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> os.stat_result: + func = partial(os.stat, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) + return await to_thread.run_sync(func, self._path, abandon_on_cancel=True) + + async def symlink_to( + self, + target: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes], + target_is_directory: bool = False, + ) -> None: + if isinstance(target, Path): + target = target._path + + await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.symlink_to, target, target_is_directory) + + async def touch(self, mode: int = 0o666, exist_ok: bool = True) -> None: + await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.touch, mode, exist_ok) + + async def unlink(self, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None: + try: + await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.unlink) + except FileNotFoundError: + if not missing_ok: + raise + + if sys.version_info >= (3, 12): + + async def walk( + self, + top_down: bool = True, + on_error: Callable[[OSError], object] | None = None, + follow_symlinks: bool = False, + ) -> AsyncIterator[tuple[Path, list[str], list[str]]]: + def get_next_value() -> tuple[pathlib.Path, list[str], list[str]] | None: + try: + return next(gen) + except StopIteration: + return None + + gen = self._path.walk(top_down, on_error, follow_symlinks) + while True: + value = await to_thread.run_sync(get_next_value) + if value is None: + return + + root, dirs, paths = value + yield Path(root), dirs, paths + + def with_name(self, name: str) -> Path: + return Path(self._path.with_name(name)) + + def with_stem(self, stem: str) -> Path: + return Path(self._path.with_name(stem + self._path.suffix)) + + def with_suffix(self, suffix: str) -> Path: + return Path(self._path.with_suffix(suffix)) + + def with_segments(self, *pathsegments: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path: + return Path(*pathsegments) + + async def write_bytes(self, data: bytes) -> int: + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.write_bytes, data) + + async def write_text( + self, + data: str, + encoding: str | None = None, + errors: str | None = None, + newline: str | None = None, + ) -> int: + # Path.write_text() does not support the "newline" parameter before Python 3.10 + def sync_write_text() -> int: + with self._path.open( + "w", encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline + ) as fp: + return fp.write(data) + + return await to_thread.run_sync(sync_write_text) + + +PathLike.register(Path) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a5344aef2962670f9b305a02cd0b11f2087d2f --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from ..abc import AsyncResource +from ._tasks import CancelScope + + +async def aclose_forcefully(resource: AsyncResource) -> None: + """ + Close an asynchronous resource in a cancelled scope. + + Doing this closes the resource without waiting on anything. + + :param resource: the resource to close + + """ + with CancelScope() as scope: + scope.cancel() + await resource.aclose() diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3451d302f514a6b2c9b4f96c6b3e17e36d7d050 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import AsyncIterator +from contextlib import AbstractContextManager +from signal import Signals + +from ._eventloop import get_async_backend + + +def open_signal_receiver( + *signals: Signals, +) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]: + """ + Start receiving operating system signals. + + :param signals: signals to receive (e.g. ``signal.SIGINT``) + :return: an asynchronous context manager for an asynchronous iterator which yields + signal numbers + + .. warning:: Windows does not support signals natively so it is best to avoid + relying on this in cross-platform applications. + + .. warning:: On asyncio, this permanently replaces any previous signal handler for + the given signals, as set via :meth:`~asyncio.loop.add_signal_handler`. + + """ + return get_async_backend().open_signal_receiver(*signals) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a822d060d7202fe798a24461c591e264c01e562e --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py @@ -0,0 +1,787 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import errno +import os +import socket +import ssl +import stat +import sys +from collections.abc import Awaitable +from ipaddress import IPv6Address, ip_address +from os import PathLike, chmod +from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, cast, overload + +from .. import to_thread +from ..abc import ( + ConnectedUDPSocket, + ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket, + IPAddressType, + IPSockAddrType, + SocketListener, + SocketStream, + UDPSocket, + UNIXDatagramSocket, + UNIXSocketStream, +) +from ..streams.stapled import MultiListener +from ..streams.tls import TLSStream +from ._eventloop import get_async_backend +from ._resources import aclose_forcefully +from ._synchronization import Event +from ._tasks import create_task_group, move_on_after + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike +else: + FileDescriptorLike = object + +if sys.version_info < (3, 11): + from exceptiongroup import ExceptionGroup + +if sys.version_info < (3, 13): + from typing_extensions import deprecated +else: + from warnings import deprecated + +IPPROTO_IPV6 = getattr(socket, "IPPROTO_IPV6", 41) # https://bugs.python.org/issue29515 + +AnyIPAddressFamily = Literal[ + AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC, AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6 +] +IPAddressFamily = Literal[AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6] + + +# tls_hostname given +@overload +async def connect_tcp( + remote_host: IPAddressType, + remote_port: int, + *, + local_host: IPAddressType | None = ..., + ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ..., + tls_standard_compatible: bool = ..., + tls_hostname: str, + happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ..., +) -> TLSStream: ... + + +# ssl_context given +@overload +async def connect_tcp( + remote_host: IPAddressType, + remote_port: int, + *, + local_host: IPAddressType | None = ..., + ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext, + tls_standard_compatible: bool = ..., + tls_hostname: str | None = ..., + happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ..., +) -> TLSStream: ... + + +# tls=True +@overload +async def connect_tcp( + remote_host: IPAddressType, + remote_port: int, + *, + local_host: IPAddressType | None = ..., + tls: Literal[True], + ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ..., + tls_standard_compatible: bool = ..., + tls_hostname: str | None = ..., + happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ..., +) -> TLSStream: ... + + +# tls=False +@overload +async def connect_tcp( + remote_host: IPAddressType, + remote_port: int, + *, + local_host: IPAddressType | None = ..., + tls: Literal[False], + ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ..., + tls_standard_compatible: bool = ..., + tls_hostname: str | None = ..., + happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ..., +) -> SocketStream: ... + + +# No TLS arguments +@overload +async def connect_tcp( + remote_host: IPAddressType, + remote_port: int, + *, + local_host: IPAddressType | None = ..., + happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ..., +) -> SocketStream: ... + + +async def connect_tcp( + remote_host: IPAddressType, + remote_port: int, + *, + local_host: IPAddressType | None = None, + tls: bool = False, + ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None, + tls_standard_compatible: bool = True, + tls_hostname: str | None = None, + happy_eyeballs_delay: float = 0.25, +) -> SocketStream | TLSStream: + """ + Connect to a host using the TCP protocol. + + This function implements the stateless version of the Happy Eyeballs algorithm (RFC + 6555). If ``remote_host`` is a host name that resolves to multiple IP addresses, + each one is tried until one connection attempt succeeds. If the first attempt does + not connected within 250 milliseconds, a second attempt is started using the next + address in the list, and so on. On IPv6 enabled systems, an IPv6 address (if + available) is tried first. + + When the connection has been established, a TLS handshake will be done if either + ``ssl_context`` or ``tls_hostname`` is not ``None``, or if ``tls`` is ``True``. + + :param remote_host: the IP address or host name to connect to + :param remote_port: port on the target host to connect to + :param local_host: the interface address or name to bind the socket to before + connecting + :param tls: ``True`` to do a TLS handshake with the connected stream and return a + :class:`~anyio.streams.tls.TLSStream` instead + :param ssl_context: the SSL context object to use (if omitted, a default context is + created) + :param tls_standard_compatible: If ``True``, performs the TLS shutdown handshake + before closing the stream and requires that the server does this as well. + Otherwise, :exc:`~ssl.SSLEOFError` may be raised during reads from the stream. + Some protocols, such as HTTP, require this option to be ``False``. + See :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` for details. + :param tls_hostname: host name to check the server certificate against (defaults to + the value of ``remote_host``) + :param happy_eyeballs_delay: delay (in seconds) before starting the next connection + attempt + :return: a socket stream object if no TLS handshake was done, otherwise a TLS stream + :raises OSError: if the connection attempt fails + + """ + # Placed here due to https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/7057 + connected_stream: SocketStream | None = None + + async def try_connect(remote_host: str, event: Event) -> None: + nonlocal connected_stream + try: + stream = await asynclib.connect_tcp(remote_host, remote_port, local_address) + except OSError as exc: + oserrors.append(exc) + return + else: + if connected_stream is None: + connected_stream = stream + tg.cancel_scope.cancel() + else: + await stream.aclose() + finally: + event.set() + + asynclib = get_async_backend() + local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None + family = socket.AF_UNSPEC + if local_host: + gai_res = await getaddrinfo(str(local_host), None) + family, *_, local_address = gai_res[0] + + target_host = str(remote_host) + try: + addr_obj = ip_address(remote_host) + except ValueError: + addr_obj = None + + if addr_obj is not None: + if isinstance(addr_obj, IPv6Address): + target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET6, addr_obj.compressed)] + else: + target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET, addr_obj.compressed)] + else: + # getaddrinfo() will raise an exception if name resolution fails + gai_res = await getaddrinfo( + target_host, remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM + ) + + # Organize the list so that the first address is an IPv6 address (if available) + # and the second one is an IPv4 addresses. The rest can be in whatever order. + v6_found = v4_found = False + target_addrs = [] + for af, *rest, sa in gai_res: + if af == socket.AF_INET6 and not v6_found: + v6_found = True + target_addrs.insert(0, (af, sa[0])) + elif af == socket.AF_INET and not v4_found and v6_found: + v4_found = True + target_addrs.insert(1, (af, sa[0])) + else: + target_addrs.append((af, sa[0])) + + oserrors: list[OSError] = [] + async with create_task_group() as tg: + for i, (af, addr) in enumerate(target_addrs): + event = Event() + tg.start_soon(try_connect, addr, event) + with move_on_after(happy_eyeballs_delay): + await event.wait() + + if connected_stream is None: + cause = ( + oserrors[0] + if len(oserrors) == 1 + else ExceptionGroup("multiple connection attempts failed", oserrors) + ) + raise OSError("All connection attempts failed") from cause + + if tls or tls_hostname or ssl_context: + try: + return await TLSStream.wrap( + connected_stream, + server_side=False, + hostname=tls_hostname or str(remote_host), + ssl_context=ssl_context, + standard_compatible=tls_standard_compatible, + ) + except BaseException: + await aclose_forcefully(connected_stream) + raise + + return connected_stream + + +async def connect_unix(path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any]) -> UNIXSocketStream: + """ + Connect to the given UNIX socket. + + Not available on Windows. + + :param path: path to the socket + :return: a socket stream object + + """ + path = os.fspath(path) + return await get_async_backend().connect_unix(path) + + +async def create_tcp_listener( + *, + local_host: IPAddressType | None = None, + local_port: int = 0, + family: AnyIPAddressFamily = socket.AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC, + backlog: int = 65536, + reuse_port: bool = False, +) -> MultiListener[SocketStream]: + """ + Create a TCP socket listener. + + :param local_port: port number to listen on + :param local_host: IP address of the interface to listen on. If omitted, listen on + all IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces. To listen on all interfaces on a specific address + family, use ``0.0.0.0`` for IPv4 or ``::`` for IPv6. + :param family: address family (used if ``local_host`` was omitted) + :param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of + 2**16, or 65536) + :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same + address/port (not supported on Windows) + :return: a list of listener objects + + """ + asynclib = get_async_backend() + backlog = min(backlog, 65536) + local_host = str(local_host) if local_host is not None else None + gai_res = await getaddrinfo( + local_host, + local_port, + family=family, + type=socket.SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM if sys.platform == "win32" else 0, + flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG, + ) + listeners: list[SocketListener] = [] + try: + # The set() is here to work around a glibc bug: + # https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14969 + sockaddr: tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] + for fam, kind, *_, sockaddr in sorted(set(gai_res)): + # Workaround for an uvloop bug where we don't get the correct scope ID for + # IPv6 link-local addresses when passing type=socket.SOCK_STREAM to + # getaddrinfo(): https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/issues/539 + if sys.platform != "win32" and kind is not SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM: + continue + + raw_socket = socket.socket(fam) + raw_socket.setblocking(False) + + # For Windows, enable exclusive address use. For others, enable address + # reuse. + if sys.platform == "win32": + raw_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE, 1) + else: + raw_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) + + if reuse_port: + raw_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1) + + # If only IPv6 was requested, disable dual stack operation + if fam == socket.AF_INET6: + raw_socket.setsockopt(IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_V6ONLY, 1) + + # Workaround for #554 + if "%" in sockaddr[0]: + addr, scope_id = sockaddr[0].split("%", 1) + sockaddr = (addr, sockaddr[1], 0, int(scope_id)) + + raw_socket.bind(sockaddr) + raw_socket.listen(backlog) + listener = asynclib.create_tcp_listener(raw_socket) + listeners.append(listener) + except BaseException: + for listener in listeners: + await listener.aclose() + + raise + + return MultiListener(listeners) + + +async def create_unix_listener( + path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any], + *, + mode: int | None = None, + backlog: int = 65536, +) -> SocketListener: + """ + Create a UNIX socket listener. + + Not available on Windows. + + :param path: path of the socket + :param mode: permissions to set on the socket + :param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of + 2**16, or 65536) + :return: a listener object + + .. versionchanged:: 3.0 + If a socket already exists on the file system in the given path, it will be + removed first. + + """ + backlog = min(backlog, 65536) + raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(path, mode, socket.SOCK_STREAM) + try: + raw_socket.listen(backlog) + return get_async_backend().create_unix_listener(raw_socket) + except BaseException: + raw_socket.close() + raise + + +async def create_udp_socket( + family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC, + *, + local_host: IPAddressType | None = None, + local_port: int = 0, + reuse_port: bool = False, +) -> UDPSocket: + """ + Create a UDP socket. + + If ``port`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this port on the local + machine, making this socket suitable for providing UDP based services. + + :param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) – automatically + determined from ``local_host`` if omitted + :param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to + :param local_port: local port to bind to + :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same + address/port (not supported on Windows) + :return: a UDP socket + + """ + if family is AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC and not local_host: + raise ValueError('Either "family" or "local_host" must be given') + + if local_host: + gai_res = await getaddrinfo( + str(local_host), + local_port, + family=family, + type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM, + flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG, + ) + family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0]) + local_address = gai_res[0][-1] + elif family is AddressFamily.AF_INET6: + local_address = ("::", 0) + else: + local_address = ("0.0.0.0", 0) + + sock = await get_async_backend().create_udp_socket( + family, local_address, None, reuse_port + ) + return cast(UDPSocket, sock) + + +async def create_connected_udp_socket( + remote_host: IPAddressType, + remote_port: int, + *, + family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC, + local_host: IPAddressType | None = None, + local_port: int = 0, + reuse_port: bool = False, +) -> ConnectedUDPSocket: + """ + Create a connected UDP socket. + + Connected UDP sockets can only communicate with the specified remote host/port, an + any packets sent from other sources are dropped. + + :param remote_host: remote host to set as the default target + :param remote_port: port on the remote host to set as the default target + :param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) – automatically + determined from ``local_host`` or ``remote_host`` if omitted + :param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to + :param local_port: local port to bind to + :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same + address/port (not supported on Windows) + :return: a connected UDP socket + + """ + local_address = None + if local_host: + gai_res = await getaddrinfo( + str(local_host), + local_port, + family=family, + type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM, + flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG, + ) + family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0]) + local_address = gai_res[0][-1] + + gai_res = await getaddrinfo( + str(remote_host), remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM + ) + family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0]) + remote_address = gai_res[0][-1] + + sock = await get_async_backend().create_udp_socket( + family, local_address, remote_address, reuse_port + ) + return cast(ConnectedUDPSocket, sock) + + +async def create_unix_datagram_socket( + *, + local_path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any] = None, + local_mode: int | None = None, +) -> UNIXDatagramSocket: + """ + Create a UNIX datagram socket. + + Not available on Windows. + + If ``local_path`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this path, making this + socket suitable for receiving datagrams from other processes. Other processes can + send datagrams to this socket only if ``local_path`` is set. + + If a socket already exists on the file system in the ``local_path``, it will be + removed first. + + :param local_path: the path on which to bind to + :param local_mode: permissions to set on the local socket + :return: a UNIX datagram socket + + """ + raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket( + local_path, local_mode, socket.SOCK_DGRAM + ) + return await get_async_backend().create_unix_datagram_socket(raw_socket, None) + + +async def create_connected_unix_datagram_socket( + remote_path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any], + *, + local_path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any] = None, + local_mode: int | None = None, +) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: + """ + Create a connected UNIX datagram socket. + + Connected datagram sockets can only communicate with the specified remote path. + + If ``local_path`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this path, making + this socket suitable for receiving datagrams from other processes. Other processes + can send datagrams to this socket only if ``local_path`` is set. + + If a socket already exists on the file system in the ``local_path``, it will be + removed first. + + :param remote_path: the path to set as the default target + :param local_path: the path on which to bind to + :param local_mode: permissions to set on the local socket + :return: a connected UNIX datagram socket + + """ + remote_path = os.fspath(remote_path) + raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket( + local_path, local_mode, socket.SOCK_DGRAM + ) + return await get_async_backend().create_unix_datagram_socket( + raw_socket, remote_path + ) + + +async def getaddrinfo( + host: bytes | str | None, + port: str | int | None, + *, + family: int | AddressFamily = 0, + type: int | SocketKind = 0, + proto: int = 0, + flags: int = 0, +) -> list[tuple[AddressFamily, SocketKind, int, str, tuple[str, int]]]: + """ + Look up a numeric IP address given a host name. + + Internationalized domain names are translated according to the (non-transitional) + IDNA 2008 standard. + + .. note:: 4-tuple IPv6 socket addresses are automatically converted to 2-tuples of + (host, port), unlike what :func:`socket.getaddrinfo` does. + + :param host: host name + :param port: port number + :param family: socket family (`'AF_INET``, ...) + :param type: socket type (``SOCK_STREAM``, ...) + :param proto: protocol number + :param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getaddrinfo()`` + :return: list of tuples containing (family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr) + + .. seealso:: :func:`socket.getaddrinfo` + + """ + # Handle unicode hostnames + if isinstance(host, str): + try: + encoded_host: bytes | None = host.encode("ascii") + except UnicodeEncodeError: + import idna + + encoded_host = idna.encode(host, uts46=True) + else: + encoded_host = host + + gai_res = await get_async_backend().getaddrinfo( + encoded_host, port, family=family, type=type, proto=proto, flags=flags + ) + return [ + (family, type, proto, canonname, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(sockaddr)) + for family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr in gai_res + ] + + +def getnameinfo(sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0) -> Awaitable[tuple[str, str]]: + """ + Look up the host name of an IP address. + + :param sockaddr: socket address (e.g. (ipaddress, port) for IPv4) + :param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getnameinfo()`` + :return: a tuple of (host name, service name) + + .. seealso:: :func:`socket.getnameinfo` + + """ + return get_async_backend().getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags) + + +@deprecated("This function is deprecated; use `wait_readable` instead") +def wait_socket_readable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]: + """ + .. deprecated:: 4.7.0 + Use :func:`wait_readable` instead. + + Wait until the given socket has data to be read. + + .. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher + level constructs like socket streams! + + :param sock: a socket object + :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the + socket to become readable + :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket + to become readable + + """ + return get_async_backend().wait_readable(sock.fileno()) + + +@deprecated("This function is deprecated; use `wait_writable` instead") +def wait_socket_writable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]: + """ + .. deprecated:: 4.7.0 + Use :func:`wait_writable` instead. + + Wait until the given socket can be written to. + + This does **NOT** work on Windows when using the asyncio backend with a proactor + event loop (default on py3.8+). + + .. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher + level constructs like socket streams! + + :param sock: a socket object + :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the + socket to become writable + :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket + to become writable + + """ + return get_async_backend().wait_writable(sock.fileno()) + + +def wait_readable(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> Awaitable[None]: + """ + Wait until the given object has data to be read. + + On Unix systems, ``obj`` must either be an integer file descriptor, or else an + object with a ``.fileno()`` method which returns an integer file descriptor. Any + kind of file descriptor can be passed, though the exact semantics will depend on + your kernel. For example, this probably won't do anything useful for on-disk files. + + On Windows systems, ``obj`` must either be an integer ``SOCKET`` handle, or else an + object with a ``.fileno()`` method which returns an integer ``SOCKET`` handle. File + descriptors aren't supported, and neither are handles that refer to anything besides + a ``SOCKET``. + + On backends where this functionality is not natively provided (asyncio + ``ProactorEventLoop`` on Windows), it is provided using a separate selector thread + which is set to shut down when the interpreter shuts down. + + .. warning:: Don't use this on raw sockets that have been wrapped by any higher + level constructs like socket streams! + + :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle + :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the object was closed while waiting for the + object to become readable + :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the object + to become readable + + """ + return get_async_backend().wait_readable(obj) + + +def wait_writable(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> Awaitable[None]: + """ + Wait until the given object can be written to. + + :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle + :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the object was closed while waiting for the + object to become writable + :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the object + to become writable + + .. seealso:: See the documentation of :func:`wait_readable` for the definition of + ``obj`` and notes on backend compatibility. + + .. warning:: Don't use this on raw sockets that have been wrapped by any higher + level constructs like socket streams! + + """ + return get_async_backend().wait_writable(obj) + + +# +# Private API +# + + +def convert_ipv6_sockaddr( + sockaddr: tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[str, int], +) -> tuple[str, int]: + """ + Convert a 4-tuple IPv6 socket address to a 2-tuple (address, port) format. + + If the scope ID is nonzero, it is added to the address, separated with ``%``. + Otherwise the flow id and scope id are simply cut off from the tuple. + Any other kinds of socket addresses are returned as-is. + + :param sockaddr: the result of :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname` + :return: the converted socket address + + """ + # This is more complicated than it should be because of MyPy + if isinstance(sockaddr, tuple) and len(sockaddr) == 4: + host, port, flowinfo, scope_id = sockaddr + if scope_id: + # PyPy (as of v7.3.11) leaves the interface name in the result, so + # we discard it and only get the scope ID from the end + # (https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3938) + host = host.split("%")[0] + + # Add scope_id to the address + return f"{host}%{scope_id}", port + else: + return host, port + else: + return sockaddr + + +async def setup_unix_local_socket( + path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any], + mode: int | None, + socktype: int, +) -> socket.socket: + """ + Create a UNIX local socket object, deleting the socket at the given path if it + exists. + + Not available on Windows. + + :param path: path of the socket + :param mode: permissions to set on the socket + :param socktype: socket.SOCK_STREAM or socket.SOCK_DGRAM + + """ + path_str: str | None + if path is not None: + path_str = os.fsdecode(path) + + # Linux abstract namespace sockets aren't backed by a concrete file so skip stat call + if not path_str.startswith("\0"): + # Copied from pathlib... + try: + stat_result = os.stat(path) + except OSError as e: + if e.errno not in ( + errno.ENOENT, + errno.ENOTDIR, + errno.EBADF, + errno.ELOOP, + ): + raise + else: + if stat.S_ISSOCK(stat_result.st_mode): + os.unlink(path) + else: + path_str = None + + raw_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socktype) + raw_socket.setblocking(False) + + if path_str is not None: + try: + await to_thread.run_sync(raw_socket.bind, path_str, abandon_on_cancel=True) + if mode is not None: + await to_thread.run_sync(chmod, path_str, mode, abandon_on_cancel=True) + except BaseException: + raw_socket.close() + raise + + return raw_socket diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a9814e5a91d64e081ecef323a761ed42d3e64de --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import math +from typing import TypeVar +from warnings import warn + +from ..streams.memory import ( + MemoryObjectReceiveStream, + MemoryObjectSendStream, + MemoryObjectStreamState, +) + +T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item") + + +class create_memory_object_stream( + tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]], +): + """ + Create a memory object stream. + + The stream's item type can be annotated like + :func:`create_memory_object_stream[T_Item]`. + + :param max_buffer_size: number of items held in the buffer until ``send()`` starts + blocking + :param item_type: old way of marking the streams with the right generic type for + static typing (does nothing on AnyIO 4) + + .. deprecated:: 4.0 + Use ``create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...)`` instead. + :return: a tuple of (send stream, receive stream) + + """ + + def __new__( # type: ignore[misc] + cls, max_buffer_size: float = 0, item_type: object = None + ) -> tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]]: + if max_buffer_size != math.inf and not isinstance(max_buffer_size, int): + raise ValueError("max_buffer_size must be either an integer or math.inf") + if max_buffer_size < 0: + raise ValueError("max_buffer_size cannot be negative") + if item_type is not None: + warn( + "The item_type argument has been deprecated in AnyIO 4.0. " + "Use create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...) instead.", + DeprecationWarning, + stacklevel=2, + ) + + state = MemoryObjectStreamState[T_Item](max_buffer_size) + return (MemoryObjectSendStream(state), MemoryObjectReceiveStream(state)) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ba41a5b0311a2cb910478ffbce51d9928c9e895 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import sys +from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence +from io import BytesIO +from os import PathLike +from subprocess import DEVNULL, PIPE, CalledProcessError, CompletedProcess +from typing import IO, Any, Union, cast + +from ..abc import Process +from ._eventloop import get_async_backend +from ._tasks import create_task_group + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 10): + from typing import TypeAlias +else: + from typing_extensions import TypeAlias + +StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = Union[str, bytes, "PathLike[str]", "PathLike[bytes]"] + + +async def run_process( + command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath], + *, + input: bytes | None = None, + stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE, + stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE, + check: bool = True, + cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None, + env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None, + startupinfo: Any = None, + creationflags: int = 0, + start_new_session: bool = False, + pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (), + user: str | int | None = None, + group: str | int | None = None, + extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None, + umask: int = -1, +) -> CompletedProcess[bytes]: + """ + Run an external command in a subprocess and wait until it completes. + + .. seealso:: :func:`subprocess.run` + + :param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings + containing the executable name or path and its arguments + :param input: bytes passed to the standard input of the subprocess + :param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`, + a file-like object, or `None` + :param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`, + :data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or `None` + :param check: if ``True``, raise :exc:`~subprocess.CalledProcessError` if the + process terminates with a return code other than 0 + :param cwd: If not ``None``, change the working directory to this before running the + command + :param env: if not ``None``, this mapping replaces the inherited environment + variables from the parent process + :param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used + to specify process startup parameters (Windows only) + :param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the + subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics) + :param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the + child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only) + :param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and + child processes. (POSIX only) + :param user: effective user to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only) + :param group: effective group to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only) + :param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (Python >= 3.9, + POSIX only) + :param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before + running the given command (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only) + :return: an object representing the completed process + :raises ~subprocess.CalledProcessError: if ``check`` is ``True`` and the process + exits with a nonzero return code + + """ + + async def drain_stream(stream: AsyncIterable[bytes], index: int) -> None: + buffer = BytesIO() + async for chunk in stream: + buffer.write(chunk) + + stream_contents[index] = buffer.getvalue() + + async with await open_process( + command, + stdin=PIPE if input else DEVNULL, + stdout=stdout, + stderr=stderr, + cwd=cwd, + env=env, + startupinfo=startupinfo, + creationflags=creationflags, + start_new_session=start_new_session, + pass_fds=pass_fds, + user=user, + group=group, + extra_groups=extra_groups, + umask=umask, + ) as process: + stream_contents: list[bytes | None] = [None, None] + async with create_task_group() as tg: + if process.stdout: + tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stdout, 0) + + if process.stderr: + tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stderr, 1) + + if process.stdin and input: + await process.stdin.send(input) + await process.stdin.aclose() + + await process.wait() + + output, errors = stream_contents + if check and process.returncode != 0: + raise CalledProcessError(cast(int, process.returncode), command, output, errors) + + return CompletedProcess(command, cast(int, process.returncode), output, errors) + + +async def open_process( + command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath], + *, + stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE, + stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE, + stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE, + cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None, + env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None, + startupinfo: Any = None, + creationflags: int = 0, + start_new_session: bool = False, + pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (), + user: str | int | None = None, + group: str | int | None = None, + extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None, + umask: int = -1, +) -> Process: + """ + Start an external command in a subprocess. + + .. seealso:: :class:`subprocess.Popen` + + :param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings + containing the executable name or path and its arguments + :param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`, a + file-like object, or ``None`` + :param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`, + a file-like object, or ``None`` + :param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`, + :data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or ``None`` + :param cwd: If not ``None``, the working directory is changed before executing + :param env: If env is not ``None``, it must be a mapping that defines the + environment variables for the new process + :param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the + subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics) + :param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used + to specify process startup parameters (Windows only) + :param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the + child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only) + :param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and + child processes. (POSIX only) + :param user: effective user to run the process as (POSIX only) + :param group: effective group to run the process as (POSIX only) + :param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (POSIX only) + :param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before + running the given command (POSIX only) + :return: an asynchronous process object + + """ + kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {} + if user is not None: + kwargs["user"] = user + + if group is not None: + kwargs["group"] = group + + if extra_groups is not None: + kwargs["extra_groups"] = group + + if umask >= 0: + kwargs["umask"] = umask + + return await get_async_backend().open_process( + command, + stdin=stdin, + stdout=stdout, + stderr=stderr, + cwd=cwd, + env=env, + startupinfo=startupinfo, + creationflags=creationflags, + start_new_session=start_new_session, + pass_fds=pass_fds, + **kwargs, + ) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6331328d4fbbf4210fcde056654a4248c79b2c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py @@ -0,0 +1,732 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import math +from collections import deque +from dataclasses import dataclass +from types import TracebackType + +from sniffio import AsyncLibraryNotFoundError + +from ..lowlevel import checkpoint +from ._eventloop import get_async_backend +from ._exceptions import BusyResourceError +from ._tasks import CancelScope +from ._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task + + +@dataclass(frozen=True) +class EventStatistics: + """ + :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Event.wait` + """ + + tasks_waiting: int + + +@dataclass(frozen=True) +class CapacityLimiterStatistics: + """ + :ivar int borrowed_tokens: number of tokens currently borrowed by tasks + :ivar float total_tokens: total number of available tokens + :ivar tuple borrowers: tasks or other objects currently holding tokens borrowed from + this limiter + :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on + :meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire` or + :meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire_on_behalf_of` + """ + + borrowed_tokens: int + total_tokens: float + borrowers: tuple[object, ...] + tasks_waiting: int + + +@dataclass(frozen=True) +class LockStatistics: + """ + :ivar bool locked: flag indicating if this lock is locked or not + :ivar ~anyio.TaskInfo owner: task currently holding the lock (or ``None`` if the + lock is not held by any task) + :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Lock.acquire` + """ + + locked: bool + owner: TaskInfo | None + tasks_waiting: int + + +@dataclass(frozen=True) +class ConditionStatistics: + """ + :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`~.Condition.wait` + :ivar ~anyio.LockStatistics lock_statistics: statistics of the underlying + :class:`~.Lock` + """ + + tasks_waiting: int + lock_statistics: LockStatistics + + +@dataclass(frozen=True) +class SemaphoreStatistics: + """ + :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Semaphore.acquire` + + """ + + tasks_waiting: int + + +class Event: + def __new__(cls) -> Event: + try: + return get_async_backend().create_event() + except AsyncLibraryNotFoundError: + return EventAdapter() + + def set(self) -> None: + """Set the flag, notifying all listeners.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + def is_set(self) -> bool: + """Return ``True`` if the flag is set, ``False`` if not.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + async def wait(self) -> None: + """ + Wait until the flag has been set. + + If the flag has already been set when this method is called, it returns + immediately. + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics: + """Return statistics about the current state of this event.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + +class EventAdapter(Event): + _internal_event: Event | None = None + _is_set: bool = False + + def __new__(cls) -> EventAdapter: + return object.__new__(cls) + + @property + def _event(self) -> Event: + if self._internal_event is None: + self._internal_event = get_async_backend().create_event() + if self._is_set: + self._internal_event.set() + + return self._internal_event + + def set(self) -> None: + if self._internal_event is None: + self._is_set = True + else: + self._event.set() + + def is_set(self) -> bool: + if self._internal_event is None: + return self._is_set + + return self._internal_event.is_set() + + async def wait(self) -> None: + await self._event.wait() + + def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics: + if self._internal_event is None: + return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=0) + + return self._internal_event.statistics() + + +class Lock: + def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock: + try: + return get_async_backend().create_lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire) + except AsyncLibraryNotFoundError: + return LockAdapter(fast_acquire=fast_acquire) + + async def __aenter__(self) -> None: + await self.acquire() + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + self.release() + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + """Acquire the lock.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + """ + Acquire the lock, without blocking. + + :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + def release(self) -> None: + """Release the lock.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + def locked(self) -> bool: + """Return True if the lock is currently held.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics: + """ + Return statistics about the current state of this lock. + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + +class LockAdapter(Lock): + _internal_lock: Lock | None = None + + def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> LockAdapter: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False): + self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire + + @property + def _lock(self) -> Lock: + if self._internal_lock is None: + self._internal_lock = get_async_backend().create_lock( + fast_acquire=self._fast_acquire + ) + + return self._internal_lock + + async def __aenter__(self) -> None: + await self._lock.acquire() + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + if self._internal_lock is not None: + self._internal_lock.release() + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + """Acquire the lock.""" + await self._lock.acquire() + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + """ + Acquire the lock, without blocking. + + :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block + + """ + self._lock.acquire_nowait() + + def release(self) -> None: + """Release the lock.""" + self._lock.release() + + def locked(self) -> bool: + """Return True if the lock is currently held.""" + return self._lock.locked() + + def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics: + """ + Return statistics about the current state of this lock. + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + + """ + if self._internal_lock is None: + return LockStatistics(False, None, 0) + + return self._internal_lock.statistics() + + +class Condition: + _owner_task: TaskInfo | None = None + + def __init__(self, lock: Lock | None = None): + self._lock = lock or Lock() + self._waiters: deque[Event] = deque() + + async def __aenter__(self) -> None: + await self.acquire() + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + self.release() + + def _check_acquired(self) -> None: + if self._owner_task != get_current_task(): + raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding the underlying lock") + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + """Acquire the underlying lock.""" + await self._lock.acquire() + self._owner_task = get_current_task() + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + """ + Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking. + + :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block + + """ + self._lock.acquire_nowait() + self._owner_task = get_current_task() + + def release(self) -> None: + """Release the underlying lock.""" + self._lock.release() + + def locked(self) -> bool: + """Return True if the lock is set.""" + return self._lock.locked() + + def notify(self, n: int = 1) -> None: + """Notify exactly n listeners.""" + self._check_acquired() + for _ in range(n): + try: + event = self._waiters.popleft() + except IndexError: + break + + event.set() + + def notify_all(self) -> None: + """Notify all the listeners.""" + self._check_acquired() + for event in self._waiters: + event.set() + + self._waiters.clear() + + async def wait(self) -> None: + """Wait for a notification.""" + await checkpoint() + event = Event() + self._waiters.append(event) + self.release() + try: + await event.wait() + except BaseException: + if not event.is_set(): + self._waiters.remove(event) + + raise + finally: + with CancelScope(shield=True): + await self.acquire() + + def statistics(self) -> ConditionStatistics: + """ + Return statistics about the current state of this condition. + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + """ + return ConditionStatistics(len(self._waiters), self._lock.statistics()) + + +class Semaphore: + def __new__( + cls, + initial_value: int, + *, + max_value: int | None = None, + fast_acquire: bool = False, + ) -> Semaphore: + try: + return get_async_backend().create_semaphore( + initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire + ) + except AsyncLibraryNotFoundError: + return SemaphoreAdapter(initial_value, max_value=max_value) + + def __init__( + self, + initial_value: int, + *, + max_value: int | None = None, + fast_acquire: bool = False, + ): + if not isinstance(initial_value, int): + raise TypeError("initial_value must be an integer") + if initial_value < 0: + raise ValueError("initial_value must be >= 0") + if max_value is not None: + if not isinstance(max_value, int): + raise TypeError("max_value must be an integer or None") + if max_value < initial_value: + raise ValueError( + "max_value must be equal to or higher than initial_value" + ) + + self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire + + async def __aenter__(self) -> Semaphore: + await self.acquire() + return self + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + self.release() + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + """Decrement the semaphore value, blocking if necessary.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + """ + Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking. + + :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + def release(self) -> None: + """Increment the semaphore value.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + @property + def value(self) -> int: + """The current value of the semaphore.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + @property + def max_value(self) -> int | None: + """The maximum value of the semaphore.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics: + """ + Return statistics about the current state of this semaphore. + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + +class SemaphoreAdapter(Semaphore): + _internal_semaphore: Semaphore | None = None + + def __new__( + cls, + initial_value: int, + *, + max_value: int | None = None, + fast_acquire: bool = False, + ) -> SemaphoreAdapter: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__( + self, + initial_value: int, + *, + max_value: int | None = None, + fast_acquire: bool = False, + ) -> None: + super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire) + self._initial_value = initial_value + self._max_value = max_value + + @property + def _semaphore(self) -> Semaphore: + if self._internal_semaphore is None: + self._internal_semaphore = get_async_backend().create_semaphore( + self._initial_value, max_value=self._max_value + ) + + return self._internal_semaphore + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + await self._semaphore.acquire() + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + self._semaphore.acquire_nowait() + + def release(self) -> None: + self._semaphore.release() + + @property + def value(self) -> int: + if self._internal_semaphore is None: + return self._initial_value + + return self._semaphore.value + + @property + def max_value(self) -> int | None: + return self._max_value + + def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics: + if self._internal_semaphore is None: + return SemaphoreStatistics(tasks_waiting=0) + + return self._semaphore.statistics() + + +class CapacityLimiter: + def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter: + try: + return get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter(total_tokens) + except AsyncLibraryNotFoundError: + return CapacityLimiterAdapter(total_tokens) + + async def __aenter__(self) -> None: + raise NotImplementedError + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> bool | None: + raise NotImplementedError + + @property + def total_tokens(self) -> float: + """ + The total number of tokens available for borrowing. + + This is a read-write property. If the total number of tokens is increased, the + proportionate number of tasks waiting on this limiter will be granted their + tokens. + + .. versionchanged:: 3.0 + The property is now writable. + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + @total_tokens.setter + def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None: + raise NotImplementedError + + @property + def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int: + """The number of tokens that have currently been borrowed.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + @property + def available_tokens(self) -> float: + """The number of tokens currently available to be borrowed""" + raise NotImplementedError + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + """ + Acquire a token for the current task without waiting for one to become + available. + + :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None: + """ + Acquire a token without waiting for one to become available. + + :param borrower: the entity borrowing a token + :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + """ + Acquire a token for the current task, waiting if necessary for one to become + available. + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None: + """ + Acquire a token, waiting if necessary for one to become available. + + :param borrower: the entity borrowing a token + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + def release(self) -> None: + """ + Release the token held by the current task. + + :raises RuntimeError: if the current task has not borrowed a token from this + limiter. + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None: + """ + Release the token held by the given borrower. + + :raises RuntimeError: if the borrower has not borrowed a token from this + limiter. + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics: + """ + Return statistics about the current state of this limiter. + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + +class CapacityLimiterAdapter(CapacityLimiter): + _internal_limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None + + def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiterAdapter: + return object.__new__(cls) + + def __init__(self, total_tokens: float) -> None: + self.total_tokens = total_tokens + + @property + def _limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter: + if self._internal_limiter is None: + self._internal_limiter = get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter( + self._total_tokens + ) + + return self._internal_limiter + + async def __aenter__(self) -> None: + await self._limiter.__aenter__() + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> bool | None: + return await self._limiter.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) + + @property + def total_tokens(self) -> float: + if self._internal_limiter is None: + return self._total_tokens + + return self._internal_limiter.total_tokens + + @total_tokens.setter + def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None: + if not isinstance(value, int) and value is not math.inf: + raise TypeError("total_tokens must be an int or math.inf") + elif value < 1: + raise ValueError("total_tokens must be >= 1") + + if self._internal_limiter is None: + self._total_tokens = value + return + + self._limiter.total_tokens = value + + @property + def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int: + if self._internal_limiter is None: + return 0 + + return self._internal_limiter.borrowed_tokens + + @property + def available_tokens(self) -> float: + if self._internal_limiter is None: + return self._total_tokens + + return self._internal_limiter.available_tokens + + def acquire_nowait(self) -> None: + self._limiter.acquire_nowait() + + def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None: + self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower) + + async def acquire(self) -> None: + await self._limiter.acquire() + + async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None: + await self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower) + + def release(self) -> None: + self._limiter.release() + + def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None: + self._limiter.release_on_behalf_of(borrower) + + def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics: + if self._internal_limiter is None: + return CapacityLimiterStatistics( + borrowed_tokens=0, + total_tokens=self.total_tokens, + borrowers=(), + tasks_waiting=0, + ) + + return self._internal_limiter.statistics() + + +class ResourceGuard: + """ + A context manager for ensuring that a resource is only used by a single task at a + time. + + Entering this context manager while the previous has not exited it yet will trigger + :exc:`BusyResourceError`. + + :param action: the action to guard against (visible in the :exc:`BusyResourceError` + when triggered, e.g. "Another task is already {action} this resource") + + .. versionadded:: 4.1 + """ + + __slots__ = "action", "_guarded" + + def __init__(self, action: str = "using"): + self.action: str = action + self._guarded = False + + def __enter__(self) -> None: + if self._guarded: + raise BusyResourceError(self.action) + + self._guarded = True + + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + self._guarded = False diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe49015102b3c8d6c964dc1d85e1da2b42279112 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import math +from collections.abc import Generator +from contextlib import contextmanager +from types import TracebackType + +from ..abc._tasks import TaskGroup, TaskStatus +from ._eventloop import get_async_backend + + +class _IgnoredTaskStatus(TaskStatus[object]): + def started(self, value: object = None) -> None: + pass + + +TASK_STATUS_IGNORED = _IgnoredTaskStatus() + + +class CancelScope: + """ + Wraps a unit of work that can be made separately cancellable. + + :param deadline: The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically + :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation + """ + + def __new__( + cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False + ) -> CancelScope: + return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(shield=shield, deadline=deadline) + + def cancel(self) -> None: + """Cancel this scope immediately.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + @property + def deadline(self) -> float: + """ + The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically. + + Will be ``float('inf')`` if no timeout has been set. + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + @deadline.setter + def deadline(self, value: float) -> None: + raise NotImplementedError + + @property + def cancel_called(self) -> bool: + """``True`` if :meth:`cancel` has been called.""" + raise NotImplementedError + + @property + def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool: + """ + ``True`` if this scope suppressed a cancellation exception it itself raised. + + This is typically used to check if any work was interrupted, or to see if the + scope was cancelled due to its deadline being reached. The value will, however, + only be ``True`` if the cancellation was triggered by the scope itself (and not + an outer scope). + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + @property + def shield(self) -> bool: + """ + ``True`` if this scope is shielded from external cancellation. + + While a scope is shielded, it will not receive cancellations from outside. + + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + @shield.setter + def shield(self, value: bool) -> None: + raise NotImplementedError + + def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope: + raise NotImplementedError + + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> bool: + raise NotImplementedError + + +@contextmanager +def fail_after( + delay: float | None, shield: bool = False +) -> Generator[CancelScope, None, None]: + """ + Create a context manager which raises a :class:`TimeoutError` if does not finish in + time. + + :param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before raising the exception, or + ``None`` to disable the timeout + :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation + :return: a context manager that yields a cancel scope + :rtype: :class:`~typing.ContextManager`\\[:class:`~anyio.CancelScope`\\] + + """ + current_time = get_async_backend().current_time + deadline = (current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf + with get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope( + deadline=deadline, shield=shield + ) as cancel_scope: + yield cancel_scope + + if cancel_scope.cancelled_caught and current_time() >= cancel_scope.deadline: + raise TimeoutError + + +def move_on_after(delay: float | None, shield: bool = False) -> CancelScope: + """ + Create a cancel scope with a deadline that expires after the given delay. + + :param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before exiting the context block, or + ``None`` to disable the timeout + :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation + :return: a cancel scope + + """ + deadline = ( + (get_async_backend().current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf + ) + return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield) + + +def current_effective_deadline() -> float: + """ + Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the current + task. + + :return: a clock value from the event loop's internal clock (or ``float('inf')`` if + there is no deadline in effect, or ``float('-inf')`` if the current scope has + been cancelled) + :rtype: float + + """ + return get_async_backend().current_effective_deadline() + + +def create_task_group() -> TaskGroup: + """ + Create a task group. + + :return: a task group + + """ + return get_async_backend().create_task_group() diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e28b22766d8a4bd0af8949445f3f1aa2f684c6a --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator +from typing import Any, cast + +from ._eventloop import get_async_backend + + +class TaskInfo: + """ + Represents an asynchronous task. + + :ivar int id: the unique identifier of the task + :ivar parent_id: the identifier of the parent task, if any + :vartype parent_id: Optional[int] + :ivar str name: the description of the task (if any) + :ivar ~collections.abc.Coroutine coro: the coroutine object of the task + """ + + __slots__ = "_name", "id", "parent_id", "name", "coro" + + def __init__( + self, + id: int, + parent_id: int | None, + name: str | None, + coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any], + ): + func = get_current_task + self._name = f"{func.__module__}.{func.__qualname__}" + self.id: int = id + self.parent_id: int | None = parent_id + self.name: str | None = name + self.coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any] = coro + + def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: + if isinstance(other, TaskInfo): + return self.id == other.id + + return NotImplemented + + def __hash__(self) -> int: + return hash(self.id) + + def __repr__(self) -> str: + return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(id={self.id!r}, name={self.name!r})" + + def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool: + """ + Return ``True`` if the task has a cancellation pending, ``False`` otherwise. + + """ + return False + + +def get_current_task() -> TaskInfo: + """ + Return the current task. + + :return: a representation of the current task + + """ + return get_async_backend().get_current_task() + + +def get_running_tasks() -> list[TaskInfo]: + """ + Return a list of running tasks in the current event loop. + + :return: a list of task info objects + + """ + return cast("list[TaskInfo]", get_async_backend().get_running_tasks()) + + +async def wait_all_tasks_blocked() -> None: + """Wait until all other tasks are waiting for something.""" + await get_async_backend().wait_all_tasks_blocked() diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f358a448cb12739fd4eda4f4859d3a24ddd1de63 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping +from typing import Any, TypeVar, final, overload + +from ._exceptions import TypedAttributeLookupError + +T_Attr = TypeVar("T_Attr") +T_Default = TypeVar("T_Default") +undefined = object() + + +def typed_attribute() -> Any: + """Return a unique object, used to mark typed attributes.""" + return object() + + +class TypedAttributeSet: + """ + Superclass for typed attribute collections. + + Checks that every public attribute of every subclass has a type annotation. + """ + + def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None: + annotations: dict[str, Any] = getattr(cls, "__annotations__", {}) + for attrname in dir(cls): + if not attrname.startswith("_") and attrname not in annotations: + raise TypeError( + f"Attribute {attrname!r} is missing its type annotation" + ) + + super().__init_subclass__() + + +class TypedAttributeProvider: + """Base class for classes that wish to provide typed extra attributes.""" + + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[T_Attr, Callable[[], T_Attr]]: + """ + A mapping of the extra attributes to callables that return the corresponding + values. + + If the provider wraps another provider, the attributes from that wrapper should + also be included in the returned mapping (but the wrapper may override the + callables from the wrapped instance). + + """ + return {} + + @overload + def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr) -> T_Attr: ... + + @overload + def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr, default: T_Default) -> T_Attr | T_Default: ... + + @final + def extra(self, attribute: Any, default: object = undefined) -> object: + """ + extra(attribute, default=undefined) + + Return the value of the given typed extra attribute. + + :param attribute: the attribute (member of a :class:`~TypedAttributeSet`) to + look for + :param default: the value that should be returned if no value is found for the + attribute + :raises ~anyio.TypedAttributeLookupError: if the search failed and no default + value was given + + """ + try: + getter = self.extra_attributes[attribute] + except KeyError: + if default is undefined: + raise TypedAttributeLookupError("Attribute not found") from None + else: + return default + + return getter() diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d3b61cc9a06019489fe94bdd00c4ff904805136 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from ._eventloop import AsyncBackend as AsyncBackend +from ._resources import AsyncResource as AsyncResource +from ._sockets import ConnectedUDPSocket as ConnectedUDPSocket +from ._sockets import ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket as ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket +from ._sockets import IPAddressType as IPAddressType +from ._sockets import IPSockAddrType as IPSockAddrType +from ._sockets import SocketAttribute as SocketAttribute +from ._sockets import SocketListener as SocketListener +from ._sockets import SocketStream as SocketStream +from ._sockets import UDPPacketType as UDPPacketType +from ._sockets import UDPSocket as UDPSocket +from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramPacketType as UNIXDatagramPacketType +from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramSocket as UNIXDatagramSocket +from ._sockets import UNIXSocketStream as UNIXSocketStream +from ._streams import AnyByteReceiveStream as AnyByteReceiveStream +from ._streams import AnyByteSendStream as AnyByteSendStream +from ._streams import AnyByteStream as AnyByteStream +from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream as AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream +from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteSendStream as AnyUnreliableByteSendStream +from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteStream as AnyUnreliableByteStream +from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream as ByteReceiveStream +from ._streams import ByteSendStream as ByteSendStream +from ._streams import ByteStream as ByteStream +from ._streams import Listener as Listener +from ._streams import ObjectReceiveStream as ObjectReceiveStream +from ._streams import ObjectSendStream as ObjectSendStream +from ._streams import ObjectStream as ObjectStream +from ._streams import UnreliableObjectReceiveStream as UnreliableObjectReceiveStream +from ._streams import UnreliableObjectSendStream as UnreliableObjectSendStream +from ._streams import UnreliableObjectStream as UnreliableObjectStream +from ._subprocesses import Process as Process +from ._tasks import TaskGroup as TaskGroup +from ._tasks import TaskStatus as TaskStatus +from ._testing import TestRunner as TestRunner + +# Re-exported here, for backwards compatibility +# isort: off +from .._core._synchronization import ( + CapacityLimiter as CapacityLimiter, + Condition as Condition, + Event as Event, + Lock as Lock, + Semaphore as Semaphore, +) +from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as CancelScope +from ..from_thread import BlockingPortal as BlockingPortal + +# Re-export imports so they look like they live directly in this package +for __value in list(locals().values()): + if getattr(__value, "__module__", "").startswith("anyio.abc."): + __value.__module__ = __name__ + +del __value 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a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2bfdf286357fb10f32d091145e932c240630152c --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py @@ -0,0 +1,376 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import math +import sys +from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod +from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Callable, Sequence +from contextlib import AbstractContextManager +from os import PathLike +from signal import Signals +from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind, socket +from typing import ( + IO, + TYPE_CHECKING, + Any, + TypeVar, + Union, + overload, +) + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 11): + from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack +else: + from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 10): + from typing import TypeAlias +else: + from typing_extensions import TypeAlias + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from _typeshed import HasFileno + + from .._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter, Event, Lock, Semaphore + from .._core._tasks import CancelScope + from .._core._testing import TaskInfo + from ..from_thread import BlockingPortal + from ._sockets import ( + ConnectedUDPSocket, + ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket, + IPSockAddrType, + SocketListener, + SocketStream, + UDPSocket, + UNIXDatagramSocket, + UNIXSocketStream, + ) + from ._subprocesses import Process + from ._tasks import TaskGroup + from ._testing import TestRunner + +T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval") +PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT") +StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = Union[str, bytes, "PathLike[str]", "PathLike[bytes]"] + + +class AsyncBackend(metaclass=ABCMeta): + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def run( + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + kwargs: dict[str, Any], + options: dict[str, Any], + ) -> T_Retval: + """ + Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop. + + The current thread must not be already running an event loop. + + :param func: a coroutine function + :param args: positional arguments to ``func`` + :param kwargs: positional arguments to ``func`` + :param options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()`` implementation + with + :return: the return value of the coroutine function + """ + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def current_token(cls) -> object: + """ + + :return: + """ + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def current_time(cls) -> float: + """ + Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock. + + :return: the clock value (seconds) + """ + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]: + """Return the exception class that is raised in a task if it's cancelled.""" + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def checkpoint(cls) -> None: + """ + Check if the task has been cancelled, and allow rescheduling of other tasks. + + This is effectively the same as running :meth:`checkpoint_if_cancelled` and then + :meth:`cancel_shielded_checkpoint`. + """ + + @classmethod + async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None: + """ + Check if the current task group has been cancelled. + + This will check if the task has been cancelled, but will not allow other tasks + to be scheduled if not. + + """ + if cls.current_effective_deadline() == -math.inf: + await cls.checkpoint() + + @classmethod + async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None: + """ + Allow the rescheduling of other tasks. + + This will give other tasks the opportunity to run, but without checking if the + current task group has been cancelled, unlike with :meth:`checkpoint`. + + """ + with cls.create_cancel_scope(shield=True): + await cls.sleep(0) + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None: + """ + Pause the current task for the specified duration. + + :param delay: the duration, in seconds + """ + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def create_cancel_scope( + cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False + ) -> CancelScope: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float: + """ + Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the + current task. + + :return: + - a clock value from the event loop's internal clock + - ``inf`` if there is no deadline in effect + - ``-inf`` if the current scope has been cancelled + :rtype: float + """ + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def create_task_group(cls) -> TaskGroup: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def create_event(cls) -> Event: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> Lock: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def create_semaphore( + cls, + initial_value: int, + *, + max_value: int | None = None, + fast_acquire: bool = False, + ) -> Semaphore: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def run_sync_in_worker_thread( + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + abandon_on_cancel: bool = False, + limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None, + ) -> T_Retval: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def check_cancelled(cls) -> None: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def run_async_from_thread( + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + token: object, + ) -> T_Retval: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def run_sync_from_thread( + cls, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], + args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]], + token: object, + ) -> T_Retval: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def create_blocking_portal(cls) -> BlockingPortal: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def open_process( + cls, + command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath], + *, + stdin: int | IO[Any] | None, + stdout: int | IO[Any] | None, + stderr: int | IO[Any] | None, + **kwargs: Any, + ) -> Process: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[Process]) -> None: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def connect_tcp( + cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None + ) -> SocketStream: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> UNIXSocketStream: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def create_udp_socket( + cls, + family: AddressFamily, + local_address: IPSockAddrType | None, + remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None, + reuse_port: bool, + ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket: + pass + + @classmethod + @overload + async def create_unix_datagram_socket( + cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: None + ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket: ... + + @classmethod + @overload + async def create_unix_datagram_socket( + cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes + ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: ... + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def create_unix_datagram_socket( + cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None + ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket | ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def getaddrinfo( + cls, + host: bytes | str | None, + port: str | int | None, + *, + family: int | AddressFamily = 0, + type: int | SocketKind = 0, + proto: int = 0, + flags: int = 0, + ) -> list[ + tuple[ + AddressFamily, + SocketKind, + int, + str, + tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int], + ] + ]: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def getnameinfo( + cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0 + ) -> tuple[str, str]: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def wait_readable(cls, obj: HasFileno | int) -> None: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def wait_writable(cls, obj: HasFileno | int) -> None: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def open_signal_receiver( + cls, *signals: Signals + ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None: + pass + + @classmethod + @abstractmethod + def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner: + pass diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10df115a7b9f975493476da763cc1e26dbd822e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod +from types import TracebackType +from typing import TypeVar + +T = TypeVar("T") + + +class AsyncResource(metaclass=ABCMeta): + """ + Abstract base class for all closeable asynchronous resources. + + Works as an asynchronous context manager which returns the instance itself on enter, + and calls :meth:`aclose` on exit. + """ + + __slots__ = () + + async def __aenter__(self: T) -> T: + return self + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + await self.aclose() + + @abstractmethod + async def aclose(self) -> None: + """Close the resource.""" diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c6a450cdcd1e66ed55685438e8f6f393ccfa828 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import socket +from abc import abstractmethod +from collections.abc import Callable, Collection, Mapping +from contextlib import AsyncExitStack +from io import IOBase +from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address +from socket import AddressFamily +from types import TracebackType +from typing import Any, TypeVar, Union + +from .._core._typedattr import ( + TypedAttributeProvider, + TypedAttributeSet, + typed_attribute, +) +from ._streams import ByteStream, Listener, UnreliableObjectStream +from ._tasks import TaskGroup + +IPAddressType = Union[str, IPv4Address, IPv6Address] +IPSockAddrType = tuple[str, int] +SockAddrType = Union[IPSockAddrType, str] +UDPPacketType = tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType] +UNIXDatagramPacketType = tuple[bytes, str] +T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval") + + +class _NullAsyncContextManager: + async def __aenter__(self) -> None: + pass + + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> bool | None: + return None + + +class SocketAttribute(TypedAttributeSet): + #: the address family of the underlying socket + family: AddressFamily = typed_attribute() + #: the local socket address of the underlying socket + local_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute() + #: for IP addresses, the local port the underlying socket is bound to + local_port: int = typed_attribute() + #: the underlying stdlib socket object + raw_socket: socket.socket = typed_attribute() + #: the remote address the underlying socket is connected to + remote_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute() + #: for IP addresses, the remote port the underlying socket is connected to + remote_port: int = typed_attribute() + + +class _SocketProvider(TypedAttributeProvider): + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]: + from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr as convert + + attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = { + SocketAttribute.family: lambda: self._raw_socket.family, + SocketAttribute.local_address: lambda: convert( + self._raw_socket.getsockname() + ), + SocketAttribute.raw_socket: lambda: self._raw_socket, + } + try: + peername: tuple[str, int] | None = convert(self._raw_socket.getpeername()) + except OSError: + peername = None + + # Provide the remote address for connected sockets + if peername is not None: + attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_address] = lambda: peername + + # Provide local and remote ports for IP based sockets + if self._raw_socket.family in (AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6): + attributes[SocketAttribute.local_port] = ( + lambda: self._raw_socket.getsockname()[1] + ) + if peername is not None: + remote_port = peername[1] + attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_port] = lambda: remote_port + + return attributes + + @property + @abstractmethod + def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket: + pass + + +class SocketStream(ByteStream, _SocketProvider): + """ + Transports bytes over a socket. + + Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`. + """ + + +class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream): + @abstractmethod + async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None: + """ + Send file descriptors along with a message to the peer. + + :param message: a non-empty bytestring + :param fds: a collection of files (either numeric file descriptors or open file + or socket objects) + """ + + @abstractmethod + async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]: + """ + Receive file descriptors along with a message from the peer. + + :param msglen: length of the message to expect from the peer + :param maxfds: maximum number of file descriptors to expect from the peer + :return: a tuple of (message, file descriptors) + """ + + +class SocketListener(Listener[SocketStream], _SocketProvider): + """ + Listens to incoming socket connections. + + Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`. + """ + + @abstractmethod + async def accept(self) -> SocketStream: + """Accept an incoming connection.""" + + async def serve( + self, + handler: Callable[[SocketStream], Any], + task_group: TaskGroup | None = None, + ) -> None: + from .. import create_task_group + + async with AsyncExitStack() as stack: + if task_group is None: + task_group = await stack.enter_async_context(create_task_group()) + + while True: + stream = await self.accept() + task_group.start_soon(handler, stream) + + +class UDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[UDPPacketType], _SocketProvider): + """ + Represents an unconnected UDP socket. + + Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`. + """ + + async def sendto(self, data: bytes, host: str, port: int) -> None: + """ + Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, (host, port))). + + """ + return await self.send((data, (host, port))) + + +class ConnectedUDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider): + """ + Represents an connected UDP socket. + + Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`. + """ + + +class UNIXDatagramSocket( + UnreliableObjectStream[UNIXDatagramPacketType], _SocketProvider +): + """ + Represents an unconnected Unix datagram socket. + + Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`. + """ + + async def sendto(self, data: bytes, path: str) -> None: + """Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, path)).""" + return await self.send((data, path)) + + +class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider): + """ + Represents a connected Unix datagram socket. + + Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`. + """ diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c638683a49245b377ed1917e0385284be5a46dd --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from abc import abstractmethod +from collections.abc import Callable +from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar, Union + +from .._core._exceptions import EndOfStream +from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider +from ._resources import AsyncResource +from ._tasks import TaskGroup + +T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item") +T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True) +T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True) + + +class UnreliableObjectReceiveStream( + Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider +): + """ + An interface for receiving objects. + + This interface makes no guarantees that the received messages arrive in the order in + which they were sent, or that no messages are missed. + + Asynchronously iterating over objects of this type will yield objects matching the + given type parameter. + """ + + def __aiter__(self) -> UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]: + return self + + async def __anext__(self) -> T_co: + try: + return await self.receive() + except EndOfStream: + raise StopAsyncIteration + + @abstractmethod + async def receive(self) -> T_co: + """ + Receive the next item. + + :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the receive stream has been explicitly + closed + :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end + :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable + due to external causes + """ + + +class UnreliableObjectSendStream( + Generic[T_contra], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider +): + """ + An interface for sending objects. + + This interface makes no guarantees that the messages sent will reach the + recipient(s) in the same order in which they were sent, or at all. + """ + + @abstractmethod + async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None: + """ + Send an item to the peer(s). + + :param item: the item to send + :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the send stream has been explicitly + closed + :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable + due to external causes + """ + + +class UnreliableObjectStream( + UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_Item], UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_Item] +): + """ + A bidirectional message stream which does not guarantee the order or reliability of + message delivery. + """ + + +class ObjectReceiveStream(UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]): + """ + A receive message stream which guarantees that messages are received in the same + order in which they were sent, and that no messages are missed. + """ + + +class ObjectSendStream(UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_contra]): + """ + A send message stream which guarantees that messages are delivered in the same order + in which they were sent, without missing any messages in the middle. + """ + + +class ObjectStream( + ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item], + ObjectSendStream[T_Item], + UnreliableObjectStream[T_Item], +): + """ + A bidirectional message stream which guarantees the order and reliability of message + delivery. + """ + + @abstractmethod + async def send_eof(self) -> None: + """ + Send an end-of-file indication to the peer. + + You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this + method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls). + """ + + +class ByteReceiveStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider): + """ + An interface for receiving bytes from a single peer. + + Iterating this byte stream will yield a byte string of arbitrary length, but no more + than 65536 bytes. + """ + + def __aiter__(self) -> ByteReceiveStream: + return self + + async def __anext__(self) -> bytes: + try: + return await self.receive() + except EndOfStream: + raise StopAsyncIteration + + @abstractmethod + async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes: + """ + Receive at most ``max_bytes`` bytes from the peer. + + .. note:: Implementors of this interface should not return an empty + :class:`bytes` object, and users should ignore them. + + :param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes to receive + :return: the received bytes + :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end + """ + + +class ByteSendStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider): + """An interface for sending bytes to a single peer.""" + + @abstractmethod + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + """ + Send the given bytes to the peer. + + :param item: the bytes to send + """ + + +class ByteStream(ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream): + """A bidirectional byte stream.""" + + @abstractmethod + async def send_eof(self) -> None: + """ + Send an end-of-file indication to the peer. + + You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this + method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls). + """ + + +#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented receive streams. +AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream = Union[ + UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[bytes], ByteReceiveStream +] +#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented send streams. +AnyUnreliableByteSendStream = Union[UnreliableObjectSendStream[bytes], ByteSendStream] +#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented streams. +AnyUnreliableByteStream = Union[UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], ByteStream] +#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented receive streams. +AnyByteReceiveStream = Union[ObjectReceiveStream[bytes], ByteReceiveStream] +#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented send streams. +AnyByteSendStream = Union[ObjectSendStream[bytes], ByteSendStream] +#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented streams. +AnyByteStream = Union[ObjectStream[bytes], ByteStream] + + +class Listener(Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider): + """An interface for objects that let you accept incoming connections.""" + + @abstractmethod + async def serve( + self, handler: Callable[[T_co], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None + ) -> None: + """ + Accept incoming connections as they come in and start tasks to handle them. + + :param handler: a callable that will be used to handle each accepted connection + :param task_group: the task group that will be used to start tasks for handling + each accepted connection (if omitted, an ad-hoc task group will be created) + """ diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce0564ceac8aac425675b5c8f7f7205d08061fd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from abc import abstractmethod +from signal import Signals + +from ._resources import AsyncResource +from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream + + +class Process(AsyncResource): + """An asynchronous version of :class:`subprocess.Popen`.""" + + @abstractmethod + async def wait(self) -> int: + """ + Wait until the process exits. + + :return: the exit code of the process + """ + + @abstractmethod + def terminate(self) -> None: + """ + Terminates the process, gracefully if possible. + + On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``. + On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGTERM`` to the process. + + .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.terminate` + """ + + @abstractmethod + def kill(self) -> None: + """ + Kills the process. + + On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``. + On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGKILL`` to the process. + + .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.kill` + """ + + @abstractmethod + def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None: + """ + Send a signal to the subprocess. + + .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.send_signal` + + :param signal: the signal number (e.g. :data:`signal.SIGHUP`) + """ + + @property + @abstractmethod + def pid(self) -> int: + """The process ID of the process.""" + + @property + @abstractmethod + def returncode(self) -> int | None: + """ + The return code of the process. If the process has not yet terminated, this will + be ``None``. + """ + + @property + @abstractmethod + def stdin(self) -> ByteSendStream | None: + """The stream for the standard input of the process.""" + + @property + @abstractmethod + def stdout(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None: + """The stream for the standard output of the process.""" + + @property + @abstractmethod + def stderr(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None: + """The stream for the standard error output of the process.""" diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6e5c40c7ff2a878d4ce7a37364b6d93974b8ee8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import sys +from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod +from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable +from types import TracebackType +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Protocol, TypeVar, overload + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 11): + from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack +else: + from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from .._core._tasks import CancelScope + +T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval") +T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True) +PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT") + + +class TaskStatus(Protocol[T_contra]): + @overload + def started(self: TaskStatus[None]) -> None: ... + + @overload + def started(self, value: T_contra) -> None: ... + + def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None: + """ + Signal that the task has started. + + :param value: object passed back to the starter of the task + """ + + +class TaskGroup(metaclass=ABCMeta): + """ + Groups several asynchronous tasks together. + + :ivar cancel_scope: the cancel scope inherited by all child tasks + :vartype cancel_scope: CancelScope + + .. note:: On asyncio, support for eager task factories is considered to be + **experimental**. In particular, they don't follow the usual semantics of new + tasks being scheduled on the next iteration of the event loop, and may thus + cause unexpected behavior in code that wasn't written with such semantics in + mind. + """ + + cancel_scope: CancelScope + + @abstractmethod + def start_soon( + self, + func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[Any]], + *args: Unpack[PosArgsT], + name: object = None, + ) -> None: + """ + Start a new task in this task group. + + :param func: a coroutine function + :param args: positional arguments to call the function with + :param name: name of the task, for the purposes of introspection and debugging + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + """ + + @abstractmethod + async def start( + self, + func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], + *args: object, + name: object = None, + ) -> Any: + """ + Start a new task and wait until it signals for readiness. + + :param func: a coroutine function + :param args: positional arguments to call the function with + :param name: name of the task, for the purposes of introspection and debugging + :return: the value passed to ``task_status.started()`` + :raises RuntimeError: if the task finishes without calling + ``task_status.started()`` + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + """ + + @abstractmethod + async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup: + """Enter the task group context and allow starting new tasks.""" + + @abstractmethod + async def __aexit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> bool | None: + """Exit the task group context waiting for all tasks to finish.""" diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c50ed76dc4d8df41262973a0122295523e2a935 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import types +from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod +from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Coroutine, Iterable +from typing import Any, TypeVar + +_T = TypeVar("_T") + + +class TestRunner(metaclass=ABCMeta): + """ + Encapsulates a running event loop. Every call made through this object will use the + same event loop. + """ + + def __enter__(self) -> TestRunner: + return self + + @abstractmethod + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None, + ) -> bool | None: ... + + @abstractmethod + def run_asyncgen_fixture( + self, + fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[_T, Any]], + kwargs: dict[str, Any], + ) -> Iterable[_T]: + """ + Run an async generator fixture. + + :param fixture_func: the fixture function + :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with + :return: an iterator yielding the value yielded from the async generator + """ + + @abstractmethod + def run_fixture( + self, + fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]], + kwargs: dict[str, Any], + ) -> _T: + """ + Run an async fixture. + + :param fixture_func: the fixture function + :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with + :return: the return value of the fixture function + """ + + @abstractmethod + def run_test( + self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any] + ) -> None: + """ + Run an async test function. + + :param test_func: the test function + :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the test function with + """ diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd3061edb46488a792d8853fe4bfe202940eac39 Binary files /dev/null and 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b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/__pycache__/tls.cpython-312.pyc differ diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5d5e836dd43d616c553d9bf08260054ff96b961 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping +from dataclasses import dataclass, field +from typing import Any + +from .. import ClosedResourceError, DelimiterNotFound, EndOfStream, IncompleteRead +from ..abc import AnyByteReceiveStream, ByteReceiveStream + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class BufferedByteReceiveStream(ByteReceiveStream): + """ + Wraps any bytes-based receive stream and uses a buffer to provide sophisticated + receiving capabilities in the form of a byte stream. + """ + + receive_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream + _buffer: bytearray = field(init=False, default_factory=bytearray) + _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False) + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + await self.receive_stream.aclose() + self._closed = True + + @property + def buffer(self) -> bytes: + """The bytes currently in the buffer.""" + return bytes(self._buffer) + + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]: + return self.receive_stream.extra_attributes + + async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes: + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError + + if self._buffer: + chunk = bytes(self._buffer[:max_bytes]) + del self._buffer[:max_bytes] + return chunk + elif isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream): + return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes) + else: + # With a bytes-oriented object stream, we need to handle any surplus bytes + # we get from the receive() call + chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive() + if len(chunk) > max_bytes: + # Save the surplus bytes in the buffer + self._buffer.extend(chunk[max_bytes:]) + return chunk[:max_bytes] + else: + return chunk + + async def receive_exactly(self, nbytes: int) -> bytes: + """ + Read exactly the given amount of bytes from the stream. + + :param nbytes: the number of bytes to read + :return: the bytes read + :raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the requested + amount of bytes could be read from the stream + + """ + while True: + remaining = nbytes - len(self._buffer) + if remaining <= 0: + retval = self._buffer[:nbytes] + del self._buffer[:nbytes] + return bytes(retval) + + try: + if isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream): + chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive(remaining) + else: + chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive() + except EndOfStream as exc: + raise IncompleteRead from exc + + self._buffer.extend(chunk) + + async def receive_until(self, delimiter: bytes, max_bytes: int) -> bytes: + """ + Read from the stream until the delimiter is found or max_bytes have been read. + + :param delimiter: the marker to look for in the stream + :param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes that will be read before raising + :exc:`~anyio.DelimiterNotFound` + :return: the bytes read (not including the delimiter) + :raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the delimiter + was found + :raises ~anyio.DelimiterNotFound: if the delimiter is not found within the + bytes read up to the maximum allowed + + """ + delimiter_size = len(delimiter) + offset = 0 + while True: + # Check if the delimiter can be found in the current buffer + index = self._buffer.find(delimiter, offset) + if index >= 0: + found = self._buffer[:index] + del self._buffer[: index + len(delimiter) :] + return bytes(found) + + # Check if the buffer is already at or over the limit + if len(self._buffer) >= max_bytes: + raise DelimiterNotFound(max_bytes) + + # Read more data into the buffer from the socket + try: + data = await self.receive_stream.receive() + except EndOfStream as exc: + raise IncompleteRead from exc + + # Move the offset forward and add the new data to the buffer + offset = max(len(self._buffer) - delimiter_size + 1, 0) + self._buffer.extend(data) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f492464267ac54b57ee9953a4aad128f06a2110a --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping +from io import SEEK_SET, UnsupportedOperation +from os import PathLike +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Any, BinaryIO, cast + +from .. import ( + BrokenResourceError, + ClosedResourceError, + EndOfStream, + TypedAttributeSet, + to_thread, + typed_attribute, +) +from ..abc import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream + + +class FileStreamAttribute(TypedAttributeSet): + #: the open file descriptor + file: BinaryIO = typed_attribute() + #: the path of the file on the file system, if available (file must be a real file) + path: Path = typed_attribute() + #: the file number, if available (file must be a real file or a TTY) + fileno: int = typed_attribute() + + +class _BaseFileStream: + def __init__(self, file: BinaryIO): + self._file = file + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.close) + + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]: + attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = { + FileStreamAttribute.file: lambda: self._file, + } + + if hasattr(self._file, "name"): + attributes[FileStreamAttribute.path] = lambda: Path(self._file.name) + + try: + self._file.fileno() + except UnsupportedOperation: + pass + else: + attributes[FileStreamAttribute.fileno] = lambda: self._file.fileno() + + return attributes + + +class FileReadStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteReceiveStream): + """ + A byte stream that reads from a file in the file system. + + :param file: a file that has been opened for reading in binary mode + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + """ + + @classmethod + async def from_path(cls, path: str | PathLike[str]) -> FileReadStream: + """ + Create a file read stream by opening the given file. + + :param path: path of the file to read from + + """ + file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, "rb") + return cls(cast(BinaryIO, file)) + + async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes: + try: + data = await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.read, max_bytes) + except ValueError: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + except OSError as exc: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + + if data: + return data + else: + raise EndOfStream + + async def seek(self, position: int, whence: int = SEEK_SET) -> int: + """ + Seek the file to the given position. + + .. seealso:: :meth:`io.IOBase.seek` + + .. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable. + + :param position: position to seek the file to + :param whence: controls how ``position`` is interpreted + :return: the new absolute position + :raises OSError: if the file is not seekable + + """ + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.seek, position, whence) + + async def tell(self) -> int: + """ + Return the current stream position. + + .. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable. + + :return: the current absolute position + :raises OSError: if the file is not seekable + + """ + return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.tell) + + +class FileWriteStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteSendStream): + """ + A byte stream that writes to a file in the file system. + + :param file: a file that has been opened for writing in binary mode + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + """ + + @classmethod + async def from_path( + cls, path: str | PathLike[str], append: bool = False + ) -> FileWriteStream: + """ + Create a file write stream by opening the given file for writing. + + :param path: path of the file to write to + :param append: if ``True``, open the file for appending; if ``False``, any + existing file at the given path will be truncated + + """ + mode = "ab" if append else "wb" + file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, mode) + return cls(cast(BinaryIO, file)) + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + try: + await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.write, item) + except ValueError: + raise ClosedResourceError from None + except OSError as exc: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b547aa6a48c7961913b9e9bbf32603ffa7ddeba0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py @@ -0,0 +1,317 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import warnings +from collections import OrderedDict, deque +from dataclasses import dataclass, field +from types import TracebackType +from typing import Generic, NamedTuple, TypeVar + +from .. import ( + BrokenResourceError, + ClosedResourceError, + EndOfStream, + WouldBlock, +) +from .._core._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task +from ..abc import Event, ObjectReceiveStream, ObjectSendStream +from ..lowlevel import checkpoint + +T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item") +T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True) +T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True) + + +class MemoryObjectStreamStatistics(NamedTuple): + current_buffer_used: int #: number of items stored in the buffer + #: maximum number of items that can be stored on this stream (or :data:`math.inf`) + max_buffer_size: float + open_send_streams: int #: number of unclosed clones of the send stream + open_receive_streams: int #: number of unclosed clones of the receive stream + #: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectSendStream.send` + tasks_waiting_send: int + #: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectReceiveStream.receive` + tasks_waiting_receive: int + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class MemoryObjectItemReceiver(Generic[T_Item]): + task_info: TaskInfo = field(init=False, default_factory=get_current_task) + item: T_Item = field(init=False) + + def __repr__(self) -> str: + # When item is not defined, we get following error with default __repr__: + # AttributeError: 'MemoryObjectItemReceiver' object has no attribute 'item' + item = getattr(self, "item", None) + return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(task_info={self.task_info}, item={item!r})" + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class MemoryObjectStreamState(Generic[T_Item]): + max_buffer_size: float = field() + buffer: deque[T_Item] = field(init=False, default_factory=deque) + open_send_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0) + open_receive_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0) + waiting_receivers: OrderedDict[Event, MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_Item]] = field( + init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict + ) + waiting_senders: OrderedDict[Event, T_Item] = field( + init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict + ) + + def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics: + return MemoryObjectStreamStatistics( + len(self.buffer), + self.max_buffer_size, + self.open_send_channels, + self.open_receive_channels, + len(self.waiting_senders), + len(self.waiting_receivers), + ) + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class MemoryObjectReceiveStream(Generic[T_co], ObjectReceiveStream[T_co]): + _state: MemoryObjectStreamState[T_co] + _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False) + + def __post_init__(self) -> None: + self._state.open_receive_channels += 1 + + def receive_nowait(self) -> T_co: + """ + Receive the next item if it can be done without waiting. + + :return: the received item + :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed + :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if the buffer is empty and this stream has been + closed from the sending end + :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no items in the buffer and no tasks + waiting to send + + """ + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError + + if self._state.waiting_senders: + # Get the item from the next sender + send_event, item = self._state.waiting_senders.popitem(last=False) + self._state.buffer.append(item) + send_event.set() + + if self._state.buffer: + return self._state.buffer.popleft() + elif not self._state.open_send_channels: + raise EndOfStream + + raise WouldBlock + + async def receive(self) -> T_co: + await checkpoint() + try: + return self.receive_nowait() + except WouldBlock: + # Add ourselves in the queue + receive_event = Event() + receiver = MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_co]() + self._state.waiting_receivers[receive_event] = receiver + + try: + await receive_event.wait() + finally: + self._state.waiting_receivers.pop(receive_event, None) + + try: + return receiver.item + except AttributeError: + raise EndOfStream + + def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]: + """ + Create a clone of this receive stream. + + Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will + the receiving end of the memory stream be considered closed by the sending ends. + + :return: the cloned stream + + """ + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError + + return MemoryObjectReceiveStream(_state=self._state) + + def close(self) -> None: + """ + Close the stream. + + This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special + case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks. + + """ + if not self._closed: + self._closed = True + self._state.open_receive_channels -= 1 + if self._state.open_receive_channels == 0: + send_events = list(self._state.waiting_senders.keys()) + for event in send_events: + event.set() + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + self.close() + + def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics: + """ + Return statistics about the current state of this stream. + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + """ + return self._state.statistics() + + def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]: + return self + + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + self.close() + + def __del__(self) -> None: + if not self._closed: + warnings.warn( + f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>", + ResourceWarning, + source=self, + ) + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class MemoryObjectSendStream(Generic[T_contra], ObjectSendStream[T_contra]): + _state: MemoryObjectStreamState[T_contra] + _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False) + + def __post_init__(self) -> None: + self._state.open_send_channels += 1 + + def send_nowait(self, item: T_contra) -> None: + """ + Send an item immediately if it can be done without waiting. + + :param item: the item to send + :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed + :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the + receiving end + :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the buffer is full and there are no tasks waiting + to receive + + """ + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError + if not self._state.open_receive_channels: + raise BrokenResourceError + + while self._state.waiting_receivers: + receive_event, receiver = self._state.waiting_receivers.popitem(last=False) + if not receiver.task_info.has_pending_cancellation(): + receiver.item = item + receive_event.set() + return + + if len(self._state.buffer) < self._state.max_buffer_size: + self._state.buffer.append(item) + else: + raise WouldBlock + + async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None: + """ + Send an item to the stream. + + If the buffer is full, this method blocks until there is again room in the + buffer or the item can be sent directly to a receiver. + + :param item: the item to send + :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed + :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the + receiving end + + """ + await checkpoint() + try: + self.send_nowait(item) + except WouldBlock: + # Wait until there's someone on the receiving end + send_event = Event() + self._state.waiting_senders[send_event] = item + try: + await send_event.wait() + except BaseException: + self._state.waiting_senders.pop(send_event, None) + raise + + if send_event in self._state.waiting_senders: + del self._state.waiting_senders[send_event] + raise BrokenResourceError from None + + def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]: + """ + Create a clone of this send stream. + + Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will + the sending end of the memory stream be considered closed by the receiving ends. + + :return: the cloned stream + + """ + if self._closed: + raise ClosedResourceError + + return MemoryObjectSendStream(_state=self._state) + + def close(self) -> None: + """ + Close the stream. + + This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special + case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks. + + """ + if not self._closed: + self._closed = True + self._state.open_send_channels -= 1 + if self._state.open_send_channels == 0: + receive_events = list(self._state.waiting_receivers.keys()) + self._state.waiting_receivers.clear() + for event in receive_events: + event.set() + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + self.close() + + def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics: + """ + Return statistics about the current state of this stream. + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + """ + return self._state.statistics() + + def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]: + return self + + def __exit__( + self, + exc_type: type[BaseException] | None, + exc_val: BaseException | None, + exc_tb: TracebackType | None, + ) -> None: + self.close() + + def __del__(self) -> None: + if not self._closed: + warnings.warn( + f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>", + ResourceWarning, + source=self, + ) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..80f64a2e8e5763ae327c5c213ec12e24f023b4d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence +from dataclasses import dataclass +from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar + +from ..abc import ( + ByteReceiveStream, + ByteSendStream, + ByteStream, + Listener, + ObjectReceiveStream, + ObjectSendStream, + ObjectStream, + TaskGroup, +) + +T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item") +T_Stream = TypeVar("T_Stream") + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class StapledByteStream(ByteStream): + """ + Combines two byte streams into a single, bidirectional byte stream. + + Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream + providing the values in case of a conflict. + + :param ByteSendStream send_stream: the sending byte stream + :param ByteReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving byte stream + """ + + send_stream: ByteSendStream + receive_stream: ByteReceiveStream + + async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes: + return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes) + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + await self.send_stream.send(item) + + async def send_eof(self) -> None: + await self.send_stream.aclose() + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + await self.send_stream.aclose() + await self.receive_stream.aclose() + + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]: + return { + **self.send_stream.extra_attributes, + **self.receive_stream.extra_attributes, + } + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class StapledObjectStream(Generic[T_Item], ObjectStream[T_Item]): + """ + Combines two object streams into a single, bidirectional object stream. + + Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream + providing the values in case of a conflict. + + :param ObjectSendStream send_stream: the sending object stream + :param ObjectReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving object stream + """ + + send_stream: ObjectSendStream[T_Item] + receive_stream: ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item] + + async def receive(self) -> T_Item: + return await self.receive_stream.receive() + + async def send(self, item: T_Item) -> None: + await self.send_stream.send(item) + + async def send_eof(self) -> None: + await self.send_stream.aclose() + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + await self.send_stream.aclose() + await self.receive_stream.aclose() + + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]: + return { + **self.send_stream.extra_attributes, + **self.receive_stream.extra_attributes, + } + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class MultiListener(Generic[T_Stream], Listener[T_Stream]): + """ + Combines multiple listeners into one, serving connections from all of them at once. + + Any MultiListeners in the given collection of listeners will have their listeners + moved into this one. + + Extra attributes are provided from each listener, with each successive listener + overriding any conflicting attributes from the previous one. + + :param listeners: listeners to serve + :type listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]] + """ + + listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]] + + def __post_init__(self) -> None: + listeners: list[Listener[T_Stream]] = [] + for listener in self.listeners: + if isinstance(listener, MultiListener): + listeners.extend(listener.listeners) + del listener.listeners[:] # type: ignore[attr-defined] + else: + listeners.append(listener) + + self.listeners = listeners + + async def serve( + self, handler: Callable[[T_Stream], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None + ) -> None: + from .. import create_task_group + + async with create_task_group() as tg: + for listener in self.listeners: + tg.start_soon(listener.serve, handler, task_group) + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + for listener in self.listeners: + await listener.aclose() + + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]: + attributes: dict = {} + for listener in self.listeners: + attributes.update(listener.extra_attributes) + + return attributes diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1a11278e3ddfa6aed3fc0c731084c6b22d89e0d --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import codecs +from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping +from dataclasses import InitVar, dataclass, field +from typing import Any + +from ..abc import ( + AnyByteReceiveStream, + AnyByteSendStream, + AnyByteStream, + ObjectReceiveStream, + ObjectSendStream, + ObjectStream, +) + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class TextReceiveStream(ObjectReceiveStream[str]): + """ + Stream wrapper that decodes bytes to strings using the given encoding. + + Decoding is done using :class:`~codecs.IncrementalDecoder` which returns any + completely received unicode characters as soon as they come in. + + :param transport_stream: any bytes-based receive stream + :param encoding: character encoding to use for decoding bytes to strings (defaults + to ``utf-8``) + :param errors: handling scheme for decoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see the + `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options) + + .. _codecs module documentation: + https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects + """ + + transport_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream + encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8" + errors: InitVar[str] = "strict" + _decoder: codecs.IncrementalDecoder = field(init=False) + + def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None: + decoder_class = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding) + self._decoder = decoder_class(errors=errors) + + async def receive(self) -> str: + while True: + chunk = await self.transport_stream.receive() + decoded = self._decoder.decode(chunk) + if decoded: + return decoded + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + await self.transport_stream.aclose() + self._decoder.reset() + + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]: + return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class TextSendStream(ObjectSendStream[str]): + """ + Sends strings to the wrapped stream as bytes using the given encoding. + + :param AnyByteSendStream transport_stream: any bytes-based send stream + :param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding strings to bytes + (defaults to ``utf-8``) + :param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see + the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options) + + .. _codecs module documentation: + https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects + """ + + transport_stream: AnyByteSendStream + encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8" + errors: str = "strict" + _encoder: Callable[..., tuple[bytes, int]] = field(init=False) + + def __post_init__(self, encoding: str) -> None: + self._encoder = codecs.getencoder(encoding) + + async def send(self, item: str) -> None: + encoded = self._encoder(item, self.errors)[0] + await self.transport_stream.send(encoded) + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + await self.transport_stream.aclose() + + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]: + return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class TextStream(ObjectStream[str]): + """ + A bidirectional stream that decodes bytes to strings on receive and encodes strings + to bytes on send. + + Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream + providing the values in case of a conflict. + + :param AnyByteStream transport_stream: any bytes-based stream + :param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding/decoding strings to/from + bytes (defaults to ``utf-8``) + :param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see + the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options) + + .. _codecs module documentation: + https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects + """ + + transport_stream: AnyByteStream + encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8" + errors: InitVar[str] = "strict" + _receive_stream: TextReceiveStream = field(init=False) + _send_stream: TextSendStream = field(init=False) + + def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None: + self._receive_stream = TextReceiveStream( + self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors + ) + self._send_stream = TextSendStream( + self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors + ) + + async def receive(self) -> str: + return await self._receive_stream.receive() + + async def send(self, item: str) -> None: + await self._send_stream.send(item) + + async def send_eof(self) -> None: + await self.transport_stream.send_eof() + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + await self._send_stream.aclose() + await self._receive_stream.aclose() + + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]: + return { + **self._send_stream.extra_attributes, + **self._receive_stream.extra_attributes, + } diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6961bee1694623c17b40180d66ca0af23a0edb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py @@ -0,0 +1,337 @@ +from __future__ import annotations + +import logging +import re +import ssl +import sys +from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping +from dataclasses import dataclass +from functools import wraps +from typing import Any, TypeVar + +from .. import ( + BrokenResourceError, + EndOfStream, + aclose_forcefully, + get_cancelled_exc_class, +) +from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeSet, typed_attribute +from ..abc import AnyByteStream, ByteStream, Listener, TaskGroup + +if sys.version_info >= (3, 11): + from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack +else: + from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack + +T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval") +PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT") +_PCTRTT = tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] +_PCTRTTT = tuple[_PCTRTT, ...] + + +class TLSAttribute(TypedAttributeSet): + """Contains Transport Layer Security related attributes.""" + + #: the selected ALPN protocol + alpn_protocol: str | None = typed_attribute() + #: the channel binding for type ``tls-unique`` + channel_binding_tls_unique: bytes = typed_attribute() + #: the selected cipher + cipher: tuple[str, str, int] = typed_attribute() + #: the peer certificate in dictionary form (see :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert` + # for more information) + peer_certificate: None | (dict[str, str | _PCTRTTT | _PCTRTT]) = typed_attribute() + #: the peer certificate in binary form + peer_certificate_binary: bytes | None = typed_attribute() + #: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection + server_side: bool = typed_attribute() + #: ciphers shared by the client during the TLS handshake (``None`` if this is the + #: client side) + shared_ciphers: list[tuple[str, str, int]] | None = typed_attribute() + #: the :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` used for encryption + ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject = typed_attribute() + #: ``True`` if this stream does (and expects) a closing TLS handshake when the + #: stream is being closed + standard_compatible: bool = typed_attribute() + #: the TLS protocol version (e.g. ``TLSv1.2``) + tls_version: str = typed_attribute() + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class TLSStream(ByteStream): + """ + A stream wrapper that encrypts all sent data and decrypts received data. + + This class has no public initializer; use :meth:`wrap` instead. + All extra attributes from :class:`~TLSAttribute` are supported. + + :var AnyByteStream transport_stream: the wrapped stream + + """ + + transport_stream: AnyByteStream + standard_compatible: bool + _ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject + _read_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO + _write_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO + + @classmethod + async def wrap( + cls, + transport_stream: AnyByteStream, + *, + server_side: bool | None = None, + hostname: str | None = None, + ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None, + standard_compatible: bool = True, + ) -> TLSStream: + """ + Wrap an existing stream with Transport Layer Security. + + This performs a TLS handshake with the peer. + + :param transport_stream: a bytes-transporting stream to wrap + :param server_side: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection, + ``False`` if this is the client side (if omitted, will be set to ``False`` + if ``hostname`` has been provided, ``False`` otherwise). Used only to create + a default context when an explicit context has not been provided. + :param hostname: host name of the peer (if host name checking is desired) + :param ssl_context: the SSLContext object to use (if not provided, a secure + default will be created) + :param standard_compatible: if ``False``, skip the closing handshake when + closing the connection, and don't raise an exception if the peer does the + same + :raises ~ssl.SSLError: if the TLS handshake fails + + """ + if server_side is None: + server_side = not hostname + + if not ssl_context: + purpose = ( + ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH if server_side else ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH + ) + ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(purpose) + + # Re-enable detection of unexpected EOFs if it was disabled by Python + if hasattr(ssl, "OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF"): + ssl_context.options &= ~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF + + bio_in = ssl.MemoryBIO() + bio_out = ssl.MemoryBIO() + ssl_object = ssl_context.wrap_bio( + bio_in, bio_out, server_side=server_side, server_hostname=hostname + ) + wrapper = cls( + transport_stream=transport_stream, + standard_compatible=standard_compatible, + _ssl_object=ssl_object, + _read_bio=bio_in, + _write_bio=bio_out, + ) + await wrapper._call_sslobject_method(ssl_object.do_handshake) + return wrapper + + async def _call_sslobject_method( + self, func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], *args: Unpack[PosArgsT] + ) -> T_Retval: + while True: + try: + result = func(*args) + except ssl.SSLWantReadError: + try: + # Flush any pending writes first + if self._write_bio.pending: + await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read()) + + data = await self.transport_stream.receive() + except EndOfStream: + self._read_bio.write_eof() + except OSError as exc: + self._read_bio.write_eof() + self._write_bio.write_eof() + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + else: + self._read_bio.write(data) + except ssl.SSLWantWriteError: + await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read()) + except ssl.SSLSyscallError as exc: + self._read_bio.write_eof() + self._write_bio.write_eof() + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + except ssl.SSLError as exc: + self._read_bio.write_eof() + self._write_bio.write_eof() + if isinstance(exc, ssl.SSLEOFError) or ( + exc.strerror and "UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING" in exc.strerror + ): + if self.standard_compatible: + raise BrokenResourceError from exc + else: + raise EndOfStream from None + + raise + else: + # Flush any pending writes first + if self._write_bio.pending: + await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read()) + + return result + + async def unwrap(self) -> tuple[AnyByteStream, bytes]: + """ + Does the TLS closing handshake. + + :return: a tuple of (wrapped byte stream, bytes left in the read buffer) + + """ + await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.unwrap) + self._read_bio.write_eof() + self._write_bio.write_eof() + return self.transport_stream, self._read_bio.read() + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + if self.standard_compatible: + try: + await self.unwrap() + except BaseException: + await aclose_forcefully(self.transport_stream) + raise + + await self.transport_stream.aclose() + + async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes: + data = await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.read, max_bytes) + if not data: + raise EndOfStream + + return data + + async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None: + await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.write, item) + + async def send_eof(self) -> None: + tls_version = self.extra(TLSAttribute.tls_version) + match = re.match(r"TLSv(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?", tls_version) + if match: + major, minor = int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2) or 0) + if (major, minor) < (1, 3): + raise NotImplementedError( + f"send_eof() requires at least TLSv1.3; current " + f"session uses {tls_version}" + ) + + raise NotImplementedError( + "send_eof() has not yet been implemented for TLS streams" + ) + + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]: + return { + **self.transport_stream.extra_attributes, + TLSAttribute.alpn_protocol: self._ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol, + TLSAttribute.channel_binding_tls_unique: ( + self._ssl_object.get_channel_binding + ), + TLSAttribute.cipher: self._ssl_object.cipher, + TLSAttribute.peer_certificate: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert(False), + TLSAttribute.peer_certificate_binary: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert( + True + ), + TLSAttribute.server_side: lambda: self._ssl_object.server_side, + TLSAttribute.shared_ciphers: lambda: self._ssl_object.shared_ciphers() + if self._ssl_object.server_side + else None, + TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible, + TLSAttribute.ssl_object: lambda: self._ssl_object, + TLSAttribute.tls_version: self._ssl_object.version, + } + + +@dataclass(eq=False) +class TLSListener(Listener[TLSStream]): + """ + A convenience listener that wraps another listener and auto-negotiates a TLS session + on every accepted connection. + + If the TLS handshake times out or raises an exception, + :meth:`handle_handshake_error` is called to do whatever post-mortem processing is + deemed necessary. + + Supports only the :attr:`~TLSAttribute.standard_compatible` extra attribute. + + :param Listener listener: the listener to wrap + :param ssl_context: the SSL context object + :param standard_compatible: a flag passed through to :meth:`TLSStream.wrap` + :param handshake_timeout: time limit for the TLS handshake + (passed to :func:`~anyio.fail_after`) + """ + + listener: Listener[Any] + ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext + standard_compatible: bool = True + handshake_timeout: float = 30 + + @staticmethod + async def handle_handshake_error(exc: BaseException, stream: AnyByteStream) -> None: + """ + Handle an exception raised during the TLS handshake. + + This method does 3 things: + + #. Forcefully closes the original stream + #. Logs the exception (unless it was a cancellation exception) using the + ``anyio.streams.tls`` logger + #. Reraises the exception if it was a base exception or a cancellation exception + + :param exc: the exception + :param stream: the original stream + + """ + await aclose_forcefully(stream) + + # Log all except cancellation exceptions + if not isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()): + # CPython (as of 3.11.5) returns incorrect `sys.exc_info()` here when using + # any asyncio implementation, so we explicitly pass the exception to log + # (https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/108668). Trio does not have this + # issue because it works around the CPython bug. + logging.getLogger(__name__).exception( + "Error during TLS handshake", exc_info=exc + ) + + # Only reraise base exceptions and cancellation exceptions + if not isinstance(exc, Exception) or isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()): + raise + + async def serve( + self, + handler: Callable[[TLSStream], Any], + task_group: TaskGroup | None = None, + ) -> None: + @wraps(handler) + async def handler_wrapper(stream: AnyByteStream) -> None: + from .. import fail_after + + try: + with fail_after(self.handshake_timeout): + wrapped_stream = await TLSStream.wrap( + stream, + ssl_context=self.ssl_context, + standard_compatible=self.standard_compatible, + ) + except BaseException as exc: + await self.handle_handshake_error(exc, stream) + else: + await handler(wrapped_stream) + + await self.listener.serve(handler_wrapper, task_group) + + async def aclose(self) -> None: + await self.listener.aclose() + + @property + def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]: + return { + TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible, + } diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/_distributor_init.cpython-312.pyc b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/_distributor_init.cpython-312.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf8d6a929fb341359f87d861dcb55aad3fcd0822 Binary files /dev/null and b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/_distributor_init.cpython-312.pyc differ diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/_globals.cpython-312.pyc b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/_globals.cpython-312.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28dfcd5fadce5bae8e4343c354234cef7e1272f9 Binary files /dev/null and b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/_globals.cpython-312.pyc differ diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/dtypes.cpython-312.pyc b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/dtypes.cpython-312.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d6f357296d32076c90691a4e555d98f44407e54c Binary files /dev/null and b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/dtypes.cpython-312.pyc differ diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/matlib.cpython-312.pyc b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/matlib.cpython-312.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..057a56ad19efdfe458b9c6f2556459bdbe00a0f7 Binary files /dev/null and b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/matlib.cpython-312.pyc differ diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/version.cpython-312.pyc b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/version.cpython-312.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ecda8e41ebc27dee6d26a0ee90e1edd8720a3bc8 Binary files /dev/null and b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/__pycache__/version.cpython-312.pyc differ diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2f096f3f1744f5f122b97d6b7b2ce0559c6abaa --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +""" +This private module only contains stubs for interoperability with +NumPy 2.0 pickled arrays. It may not be used by the end user. +""" diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/__init__.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/__init__.pyi new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_dtype.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_dtype.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..974d93d98cbbbcd25c7aae6d299c9f0f43e41cfa --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_dtype.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from numpy.core import _dtype + +_globals = globals() + +for item in _dtype.__dir__(): + _globals[item] = getattr(_dtype, item) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_dtype_ctypes.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_dtype_ctypes.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfa16aabf423d478af4ea2ab1910e454f5966028 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_dtype_ctypes.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from numpy.core import _dtype_ctypes + +_globals = globals() + +for item in _dtype_ctypes.__dir__(): + _globals[item] = getattr(_dtype_ctypes, item) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_internal.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_internal.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..52a8e907292ebbadb481c78be2522aa37a5ba533 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_internal.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from numpy.core import _internal + +_globals = globals() + +for item in _internal.__dir__(): + _globals[item] = getattr(_internal, item) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_multiarray_umath.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_multiarray_umath.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ce48fcb258d56855ffd104e0bb1cd4aafba9de2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_multiarray_umath.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from numpy.core import _multiarray_umath + +_globals = globals() + +for item in _multiarray_umath.__dir__(): + _globals[item] = getattr(_multiarray_umath, item) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/multiarray.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/multiarray.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c37d1da9fe7eede0cdf77ce3c5e6d4f2ad65550 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/multiarray.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from numpy.core import multiarray + +_globals = globals() + +for item in multiarray.__dir__(): + _globals[item] = getattr(multiarray, item) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/umath.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/umath.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d08c90332a358aab1405dcc22f5dd0502a1f152 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/umath.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from numpy.core import umath + +_globals = globals() + +for item in umath.__dir__(): + _globals[item] = getattr(umath, item) diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_typing/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc 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-0,0 +1,29 @@ +""" +This is a module for defining private helpers which do not depend on the +rest of NumPy. + +Everything in here must be self-contained so that it can be +imported anywhere else without creating circular imports. +If a utility requires the import of NumPy, it probably belongs +in ``numpy.core``. +""" + +from ._convertions import asunicode, asbytes + + +def set_module(module): + """Private decorator for overriding __module__ on a function or class. + + Example usage:: + + @set_module('numpy') + def example(): + pass + + assert example.__module__ == 'numpy' + """ + def decorator(func): + if module is not None: + func.__module__ = module + return func + return decorator diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_utils/_convertions.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_utils/_convertions.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab15a8ba019f1b6a40ac3f562897fa4581323efc --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_utils/_convertions.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +""" +A set of methods retained from np.compat module that +are still used across codebase. +""" + +__all__ = ["asunicode", "asbytes"] + + +def asunicode(s): + if isinstance(s, bytes): + return s.decode('latin1') + return str(s) + + +def asbytes(s): + if isinstance(s, bytes): + return s + return str(s).encode('latin1') diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_utils/_inspect.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_utils/_inspect.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a874a71dd0a53e25a671c51bfdceec850702bfe --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_utils/_inspect.py @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +"""Subset of inspect module from upstream python + +We use this instead of upstream because upstream inspect is slow to import, and +significantly contributes to numpy import times. Importing this copy has almost +no overhead. + +""" +import types + +__all__ = ['getargspec', 'formatargspec'] + +# ----------------------------------------------------------- type-checking +def ismethod(object): + """Return true if the object is an instance method. + + Instance method objects provide these attributes: + __doc__ documentation string + __name__ name with which this method was defined + im_class class object in which this method belongs + im_func function object containing implementation of method + im_self instance to which this method is bound, or None + + """ + return isinstance(object, types.MethodType) + +def isfunction(object): + """Return true if the object is a user-defined function. + + Function objects provide these attributes: + __doc__ documentation string + __name__ name with which this function was defined + func_code code object containing compiled function bytecode + func_defaults tuple of any default values for arguments + func_doc (same as __doc__) + func_globals global namespace in which this function was defined + func_name (same as __name__) + + """ + return isinstance(object, types.FunctionType) + +def iscode(object): + """Return true if the object is a code object. + + Code objects provide these attributes: + co_argcount number of arguments (not including * or ** args) + co_code string of raw compiled bytecode + co_consts tuple of constants used in the bytecode + co_filename name of file in which this code object was created + co_firstlineno number of first line in Python source code + co_flags bitmap: 1=optimized | 2=newlocals | 4=*arg | 8=**arg + co_lnotab encoded mapping of line numbers to bytecode indices + co_name name with which this code object was defined + co_names tuple of names of local variables + co_nlocals number of local variables + co_stacksize virtual machine stack space required + co_varnames tuple of names of arguments and local variables + + """ + return isinstance(object, types.CodeType) + +# ------------------------------------------------ argument list extraction +# These constants are from Python's compile.h. +CO_OPTIMIZED, CO_NEWLOCALS, CO_VARARGS, CO_VARKEYWORDS = 1, 2, 4, 8 + +def getargs(co): + """Get information about the arguments accepted by a code object. + + Three things are returned: (args, varargs, varkw), where 'args' is + a list of argument names (possibly containing nested lists), and + 'varargs' and 'varkw' are the names of the * and ** arguments or None. + + """ + + if not iscode(co): + raise TypeError('arg is not a code object') + + nargs = co.co_argcount + names = co.co_varnames + args = list(names[:nargs]) + + # The following acrobatics are for anonymous (tuple) arguments. + # Which we do not need to support, so remove to avoid importing + # the dis module. + for i in range(nargs): + if args[i][:1] in ['', '.']: + raise TypeError("tuple function arguments are not supported") + varargs = None + if co.co_flags & CO_VARARGS: + varargs = co.co_varnames[nargs] + nargs = nargs + 1 + varkw = None + if co.co_flags & CO_VARKEYWORDS: + varkw = co.co_varnames[nargs] + return args, varargs, varkw + +def getargspec(func): + """Get the names and default values of a function's arguments. + + A tuple of four things is returned: (args, varargs, varkw, defaults). + 'args' is a list of the argument names (it may contain nested lists). + 'varargs' and 'varkw' are the names of the * and ** arguments or None. + 'defaults' is an n-tuple of the default values of the last n arguments. + + """ + + if ismethod(func): + func = func.__func__ + if not isfunction(func): + raise TypeError('arg is not a Python function') + args, varargs, varkw = getargs(func.__code__) + return args, varargs, varkw, func.__defaults__ + +def getargvalues(frame): + """Get information about arguments passed into a particular frame. + + A tuple of four things is returned: (args, varargs, varkw, locals). + 'args' is a list of the argument names (it may contain nested lists). + 'varargs' and 'varkw' are the names of the * and ** arguments or None. + 'locals' is the locals dictionary of the given frame. + + """ + args, varargs, varkw = getargs(frame.f_code) + return args, varargs, varkw, frame.f_locals + +def joinseq(seq): + if len(seq) == 1: + return '(' + seq[0] + ',)' + else: + return '(' + ', '.join(seq) + ')' + +def strseq(object, convert, join=joinseq): + """Recursively walk a sequence, stringifying each element. + + """ + if type(object) in [list, tuple]: + return join([strseq(_o, convert, join) for _o in object]) + else: + return convert(object) + +def formatargspec(args, varargs=None, varkw=None, defaults=None, + formatarg=str, + formatvarargs=lambda name: '*' + name, + formatvarkw=lambda name: '**' + name, + formatvalue=lambda value: '=' + repr(value), + join=joinseq): + """Format an argument spec from the 4 values returned by getargspec. + + The first four arguments are (args, varargs, varkw, defaults). The + other four arguments are the corresponding optional formatting functions + that are called to turn names and values into strings. The ninth + argument is an optional function to format the sequence of arguments. + + """ + specs = [] + if defaults: + firstdefault = len(args) - len(defaults) + for i in range(len(args)): + spec = strseq(args[i], formatarg, join) + if defaults and i >= firstdefault: + spec = spec + formatvalue(defaults[i - firstdefault]) + specs.append(spec) + if varargs is not None: + specs.append(formatvarargs(varargs)) + if varkw is not None: + specs.append(formatvarkw(varkw)) + return '(' + ', '.join(specs) + ')' + +def formatargvalues(args, varargs, varkw, locals, + formatarg=str, + formatvarargs=lambda name: '*' + name, + formatvarkw=lambda name: '**' + name, + formatvalue=lambda value: '=' + repr(value), + join=joinseq): + """Format an argument spec from the 4 values returned by getargvalues. + + The first four arguments are (args, varargs, varkw, locals). The + next four arguments are the corresponding optional formatting functions + that are called to turn names and values into strings. The ninth + argument is an optional function to format the sequence of arguments. + + """ + def convert(name, locals=locals, + formatarg=formatarg, formatvalue=formatvalue): + return formatarg(name) + formatvalue(locals[name]) + specs = [strseq(arg, convert, join) for arg in args] + + if varargs: + specs.append(formatvarargs(varargs) + formatvalue(locals[varargs])) + if varkw: + specs.append(formatvarkw(varkw) + formatvalue(locals[varkw])) + return '(' + ', '.join(specs) + ')' diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_utils/_pep440.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_utils/_pep440.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73d0afb5e95f099f8b04253177e8a3ab3d80d0c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_utils/_pep440.py @@ -0,0 +1,487 @@ +"""Utility to compare pep440 compatible version strings. + +The LooseVersion and StrictVersion classes that distutils provides don't +work; they don't recognize anything like alpha/beta/rc/dev versions. +""" + +# Copyright (c) Donald Stufft and individual contributors. +# All rights reserved. + +# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: + +# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, +# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. + +# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. + +# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" +# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE +# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR +# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF +# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS +# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN +# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) +# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE +# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + +import collections +import itertools +import re + + +__all__ = [ + "parse", "Version", "LegacyVersion", "InvalidVersion", "VERSION_PATTERN", +] + + +# BEGIN packaging/_structures.py + + +class Infinity: + def __repr__(self): + return "Infinity" + + def __hash__(self): + return hash(repr(self)) + + def __lt__(self, other): + return False + + def __le__(self, other): + return False + + def __eq__(self, other): + return isinstance(other, self.__class__) + + def __ne__(self, other): + return not isinstance(other, self.__class__) + + def __gt__(self, other): + return True + + def __ge__(self, other): + return True + + def __neg__(self): + return NegativeInfinity + + +Infinity = Infinity() + + +class NegativeInfinity: + def __repr__(self): + return "-Infinity" + + def __hash__(self): + return hash(repr(self)) + + def __lt__(self, other): + return True + + def __le__(self, other): + return True + + def __eq__(self, other): + return isinstance(other, self.__class__) + + def __ne__(self, other): + return not isinstance(other, self.__class__) + + def __gt__(self, other): + return False + + def __ge__(self, other): + return False + + def __neg__(self): + return Infinity + + +# BEGIN packaging/version.py + + +NegativeInfinity = NegativeInfinity() + +_Version = collections.namedtuple( + "_Version", + ["epoch", "release", "dev", "pre", "post", "local"], +) + + +def parse(version): + """ + Parse the given version string and return either a :class:`Version` object + or a :class:`LegacyVersion` object depending on if the given version is + a valid PEP 440 version or a legacy version. + """ + try: + return Version(version) + except InvalidVersion: + return LegacyVersion(version) + + +class InvalidVersion(ValueError): + """ + An invalid version was found, users should refer to PEP 440. + """ + + +class _BaseVersion: + + def __hash__(self): + return hash(self._key) + + def __lt__(self, other): + return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s < o) + + def __le__(self, other): + return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s <= o) + + def __eq__(self, other): + return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s == o) + + def __ge__(self, other): + return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s >= o) + + def __gt__(self, other): + return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s > o) + + def __ne__(self, other): + return self._compare(other, lambda s, o: s != o) + + def _compare(self, other, method): + if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion): + return NotImplemented + + return method(self._key, other._key) + + +class LegacyVersion(_BaseVersion): + + def __init__(self, version): + self._version = str(version) + self._key = _legacy_cmpkey(self._version) + + def __str__(self): + return self._version + + def __repr__(self): + return "".format(repr(str(self))) + + @property + def public(self): + return self._version + + @property + def base_version(self): + return self._version + + @property + def local(self): + return None + + @property + def is_prerelease(self): + return False + + @property + def is_postrelease(self): + return False + + +_legacy_version_component_re = re.compile( + r"(\d+ | [a-z]+ | \.| -)", re.VERBOSE, +) + +_legacy_version_replacement_map = { + "pre": "c", "preview": "c", "-": "final-", "rc": "c", "dev": "@", +} + + +def _parse_version_parts(s): + for part in _legacy_version_component_re.split(s): + part = _legacy_version_replacement_map.get(part, part) + + if not part or part == ".": + continue + + if part[:1] in "0123456789": + # pad for numeric comparison + yield part.zfill(8) + else: + yield "*" + part + + # ensure that alpha/beta/candidate are before final + yield "*final" + + +def _legacy_cmpkey(version): + # We hardcode an epoch of -1 here. A PEP 440 version can only have an epoch + # greater than or equal to 0. This will effectively put the LegacyVersion, + # which uses the defacto standard originally implemented by setuptools, + # as before all PEP 440 versions. + epoch = -1 + + # This scheme is taken from pkg_resources.parse_version setuptools prior to + # its adoption of the packaging library. + parts = [] + for part in _parse_version_parts(version.lower()): + if part.startswith("*"): + # remove "-" before a prerelease tag + if part < "*final": + while parts and parts[-1] == "*final-": + parts.pop() + + # remove trailing zeros from each series of numeric parts + while parts and parts[-1] == "00000000": + parts.pop() + + parts.append(part) + parts = tuple(parts) + + return epoch, parts + + +# Deliberately not anchored to the start and end of the string, to make it +# easier for 3rd party code to reuse +VERSION_PATTERN = r""" + v? + (?: + (?:(?P[0-9]+)!)? # epoch + (?P[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*) # release segment + (?P
                                          # pre-release
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P(a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview))
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P[0-9]+)?
+        )?
+        (?P                                         # post release
+            (?:-(?P[0-9]+))
+            |
+            (?:
+                [-_\.]?
+                (?Ppost|rev|r)
+                [-_\.]?
+                (?P[0-9]+)?
+            )
+        )?
+        (?P                                          # dev release
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?Pdev)
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P[0-9]+)?
+        )?
+    )
+    (?:\+(?P[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*))?       # local version
+"""
+
+
+class Version(_BaseVersion):
+
+    _regex = re.compile(
+        r"^\s*" + VERSION_PATTERN + r"\s*$",
+        re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE,
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, version):
+        # Validate the version and parse it into pieces
+        match = self._regex.search(version)
+        if not match:
+            raise InvalidVersion("Invalid version: '{0}'".format(version))
+
+        # Store the parsed out pieces of the version
+        self._version = _Version(
+            epoch=int(match.group("epoch")) if match.group("epoch") else 0,
+            release=tuple(int(i) for i in match.group("release").split(".")),
+            pre=_parse_letter_version(
+                match.group("pre_l"),
+                match.group("pre_n"),
+            ),
+            post=_parse_letter_version(
+                match.group("post_l"),
+                match.group("post_n1") or match.group("post_n2"),
+            ),
+            dev=_parse_letter_version(
+                match.group("dev_l"),
+                match.group("dev_n"),
+            ),
+            local=_parse_local_version(match.group("local")),
+        )
+
+        # Generate a key which will be used for sorting
+        self._key = _cmpkey(
+            self._version.epoch,
+            self._version.release,
+            self._version.pre,
+            self._version.post,
+            self._version.dev,
+            self._version.local,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "".format(repr(str(self)))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        parts = []
+
+        # Epoch
+        if self._version.epoch != 0:
+            parts.append("{0}!".format(self._version.epoch))
+
+        # Release segment
+        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.release))
+
+        # Pre-release
+        if self._version.pre is not None:
+            parts.append("".join(str(x) for x in self._version.pre))
+
+        # Post-release
+        if self._version.post is not None:
+            parts.append(".post{0}".format(self._version.post[1]))
+
+        # Development release
+        if self._version.dev is not None:
+            parts.append(".dev{0}".format(self._version.dev[1]))
+
+        # Local version segment
+        if self._version.local is not None:
+            parts.append(
+                "+{0}".format(".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.local))
+            )
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    @property
+    def public(self):
+        return str(self).split("+", 1)[0]
+
+    @property
+    def base_version(self):
+        parts = []
+
+        # Epoch
+        if self._version.epoch != 0:
+            parts.append("{0}!".format(self._version.epoch))
+
+        # Release segment
+        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.release))
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    @property
+    def local(self):
+        version_string = str(self)
+        if "+" in version_string:
+            return version_string.split("+", 1)[1]
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        return bool(self._version.dev or self._version.pre)
+
+    @property
+    def is_postrelease(self):
+        return bool(self._version.post)
+
+
+def _parse_letter_version(letter, number):
+    if letter:
+        # We assume there is an implicit 0 in a pre-release if there is
+        # no numeral associated with it.
+        if number is None:
+            number = 0
+
+        # We normalize any letters to their lower-case form
+        letter = letter.lower()
+
+        # We consider some words to be alternate spellings of other words and
+        # in those cases we want to normalize the spellings to our preferred
+        # spelling.
+        if letter == "alpha":
+            letter = "a"
+        elif letter == "beta":
+            letter = "b"
+        elif letter in ["c", "pre", "preview"]:
+            letter = "rc"
+        elif letter in ["rev", "r"]:
+            letter = "post"
+
+        return letter, int(number)
+    if not letter and number:
+        # We assume that if we are given a number but not given a letter,
+        # then this is using the implicit post release syntax (e.g., 1.0-1)
+        letter = "post"
+
+        return letter, int(number)
+
+
+_local_version_seperators = re.compile(r"[\._-]")
+
+
+def _parse_local_version(local):
+    """
+    Takes a string like abc.1.twelve and turns it into ("abc", 1, "twelve").
+    """
+    if local is not None:
+        return tuple(
+            part.lower() if not part.isdigit() else int(part)
+            for part in _local_version_seperators.split(local)
+        )
+
+
+def _cmpkey(epoch, release, pre, post, dev, local):
+    # When we compare a release version, we want to compare it with all of the
+    # trailing zeros removed. So we'll use a reverse the list, drop all the now
+    # leading zeros until we come to something non-zero, then take the rest,
+    # re-reverse it back into the correct order, and make it a tuple and use
+    # that for our sorting key.
+    release = tuple(
+        reversed(list(
+            itertools.dropwhile(
+                lambda x: x == 0,
+                reversed(release),
+            )
+        ))
+    )
+
+    # We need to "trick" the sorting algorithm to put 1.0.dev0 before 1.0a0.
+    # We'll do this by abusing the pre-segment, but we _only_ want to do this
+    # if there is no pre- or a post-segment. If we have one of those, then
+    # the normal sorting rules will handle this case correctly.
+    if pre is None and post is None and dev is not None:
+        pre = -Infinity
+    # Versions without a pre-release (except as noted above) should sort after
+    # those with one.
+    elif pre is None:
+        pre = Infinity
+
+    # Versions without a post-segment should sort before those with one.
+    if post is None:
+        post = -Infinity
+
+    # Versions without a development segment should sort after those with one.
+    if dev is None:
+        dev = Infinity
+
+    if local is None:
+        # Versions without a local segment should sort before those with one.
+        local = -Infinity
+    else:
+        # Versions with a local segment need that segment parsed to implement
+        # the sorting rules in PEP440.
+        # - Alphanumeric segments sort before numeric segments
+        # - Alphanumeric segments sort lexicographically
+        # - Numeric segments sort numerically
+        # - Shorter versions sort before longer versions when the prefixes
+        #   match exactly
+        local = tuple(
+            (i, "") if isinstance(i, int) else (-Infinity, i)
+            for i in local
+        )
+
+    return epoch, release, pre, post, dev, local
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..edc3205fd5c4e7767b03a6c7d01bc025755e0490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+"""
+A NumPy sub-namespace that conforms to the Python array API standard.
+
+This submodule accompanies NEP 47, which proposes its inclusion in NumPy. It
+is still considered experimental, and will issue a warning when imported.
+
+This is a proof-of-concept namespace that wraps the corresponding NumPy
+functions to give a conforming implementation of the Python array API standard
+(https://data-apis.github.io/array-api/latest/). The standard is currently in
+an RFC phase and comments on it are both welcome and encouraged. Comments
+should be made either at https://github.com/data-apis/array-api or at
+https://github.com/data-apis/consortium-feedback/discussions.
+
+NumPy already follows the proposed spec for the most part, so this module
+serves mostly as a thin wrapper around it. However, NumPy also implements a
+lot of behavior that is not included in the spec, so this serves as a
+restricted subset of the API. Only those functions that are part of the spec
+are included in this namespace, and all functions are given with the exact
+signature given in the spec, including the use of position-only arguments, and
+omitting any extra keyword arguments implemented by NumPy but not part of the
+spec. The behavior of some functions is also modified from the NumPy behavior
+to conform to the standard. Note that the underlying array object itself is
+wrapped in a wrapper Array() class, but is otherwise unchanged. This submodule
+is implemented in pure Python with no C extensions.
+
+The array API spec is designed as a "minimal API subset" and explicitly allows
+libraries to include behaviors not specified by it. But users of this module
+that intend to write portable code should be aware that only those behaviors
+that are listed in the spec are guaranteed to be implemented across libraries.
+Consequently, the NumPy implementation was chosen to be both conforming and
+minimal, so that users can use this implementation of the array API namespace
+and be sure that behaviors that it defines will be available in conforming
+namespaces from other libraries.
+
+A few notes about the current state of this submodule:
+
+- There is a test suite that tests modules against the array API standard at
+  https://github.com/data-apis/array-api-tests. The test suite is still a work
+  in progress, but the existing tests pass on this module, with a few
+  exceptions:
+
+  - DLPack support (see https://github.com/data-apis/array-api/pull/106) is
+    not included here, as it requires a full implementation in NumPy proper
+    first.
+
+  The test suite is not yet complete, and even the tests that exist are not
+  guaranteed to give a comprehensive coverage of the spec. Therefore, when
+  reviewing and using this submodule, you should refer to the standard
+  documents themselves. There are some tests in numpy.array_api.tests, but
+  they primarily focus on things that are not tested by the official array API
+  test suite.
+
+- There is a custom array object, numpy.array_api.Array, which is returned by
+  all functions in this module. All functions in the array API namespace
+  implicitly assume that they will only receive this object as input. The only
+  way to create instances of this object is to use one of the array creation
+  functions. It does not have a public constructor on the object itself. The
+  object is a small wrapper class around numpy.ndarray. The main purpose of it
+  is to restrict the namespace of the array object to only those dtypes and
+  only those methods that are required by the spec, as well as to limit/change
+  certain behavior that differs in the spec. In particular:
+
+  - The array API namespace does not have scalar objects, only 0-D arrays.
+    Operations on Array that would create a scalar in NumPy create a 0-D
+    array.
+
+  - Indexing: Only a subset of indices supported by NumPy are required by the
+    spec. The Array object restricts indexing to only allow those types of
+    indices that are required by the spec. See the docstring of the
+    numpy.array_api.Array._validate_indices helper function for more
+    information.
+
+  - Type promotion: Some type promotion rules are different in the spec. In
+    particular, the spec does not have any value-based casting. The spec also
+    does not require cross-kind casting, like integer -> floating-point. Only
+    those promotions that are explicitly required by the array API
+    specification are allowed in this module. See NEP 47 for more info.
+
+  - Functions do not automatically call asarray() on their input, and will not
+    work if the input type is not Array. The exception is array creation
+    functions, and Python operators on the Array object, which accept Python
+    scalars of the same type as the array dtype.
+
+- All functions include type annotations, corresponding to those given in the
+  spec (see _typing.py for definitions of some custom types). These do not
+  currently fully pass mypy due to some limitations in mypy.
+
+- Dtype objects are just the NumPy dtype objects, e.g., float64 =
+  np.dtype('float64'). The spec does not require any behavior on these dtype
+  objects other than that they be accessible by name and be comparable by
+  equality, but it was considered too much extra complexity to create custom
+  objects to represent dtypes.
+
+- All places where the implementations in this submodule are known to deviate
+  from their corresponding functions in NumPy are marked with "# Note:"
+  comments.
+
+Still TODO in this module are:
+
+- DLPack support for numpy.ndarray is still in progress. See
+  https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/19083.
+
+- The copy=False keyword argument to asarray() is not yet implemented. This
+  requires support in numpy.asarray() first.
+
+- Some functions are not yet fully tested in the array API test suite, and may
+  require updates that are not yet known until the tests are written.
+
+- The spec is still in an RFC phase and may still have minor updates, which
+  will need to be reflected here.
+
+- Complex number support in array API spec is planned but not yet finalized,
+  as are the fft extension and certain linear algebra functions such as eig
+  that require complex dtypes.
+
+"""
+
+import warnings
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "The numpy.array_api submodule is still experimental. See NEP 47.", stacklevel=2
+)
+
+__array_api_version__ = "2022.12"
+
+__all__ = ["__array_api_version__"]
+
+from ._constants import e, inf, nan, pi, newaxis
+
+__all__ += ["e", "inf", "nan", "pi", "newaxis"]
+
+from ._creation_functions import (
+    asarray,
+    arange,
+    empty,
+    empty_like,
+    eye,
+    from_dlpack,
+    full,
+    full_like,
+    linspace,
+    meshgrid,
+    ones,
+    ones_like,
+    tril,
+    triu,
+    zeros,
+    zeros_like,
+)
+
+__all__ += [
+    "asarray",
+    "arange",
+    "empty",
+    "empty_like",
+    "eye",
+    "from_dlpack",
+    "full",
+    "full_like",
+    "linspace",
+    "meshgrid",
+    "ones",
+    "ones_like",
+    "tril",
+    "triu",
+    "zeros",
+    "zeros_like",
+]
+
+from ._data_type_functions import (
+    astype,
+    broadcast_arrays,
+    broadcast_to,
+    can_cast,
+    finfo,
+    isdtype,
+    iinfo,
+    result_type,
+)
+
+__all__ += [
+    "astype",
+    "broadcast_arrays",
+    "broadcast_to",
+    "can_cast",
+    "finfo",
+    "iinfo",
+    "result_type",
+]
+
+from ._dtypes import (
+    int8,
+    int16,
+    int32,
+    int64,
+    uint8,
+    uint16,
+    uint32,
+    uint64,
+    float32,
+    float64,
+    complex64,
+    complex128,
+    bool,
+)
+
+__all__ += [
+    "int8",
+    "int16",
+    "int32",
+    "int64",
+    "uint8",
+    "uint16",
+    "uint32",
+    "uint64",
+    "float32",
+    "float64",
+    "bool",
+]
+
+from ._elementwise_functions import (
+    abs,
+    acos,
+    acosh,
+    add,
+    asin,
+    asinh,
+    atan,
+    atan2,
+    atanh,
+    bitwise_and,
+    bitwise_left_shift,
+    bitwise_invert,
+    bitwise_or,
+    bitwise_right_shift,
+    bitwise_xor,
+    ceil,
+    conj,
+    cos,
+    cosh,
+    divide,
+    equal,
+    exp,
+    expm1,
+    floor,
+    floor_divide,
+    greater,
+    greater_equal,
+    imag,
+    isfinite,
+    isinf,
+    isnan,
+    less,
+    less_equal,
+    log,
+    log1p,
+    log2,
+    log10,
+    logaddexp,
+    logical_and,
+    logical_not,
+    logical_or,
+    logical_xor,
+    multiply,
+    negative,
+    not_equal,
+    positive,
+    pow,
+    real,
+    remainder,
+    round,
+    sign,
+    sin,
+    sinh,
+    square,
+    sqrt,
+    subtract,
+    tan,
+    tanh,
+    trunc,
+)
+
+__all__ += [
+    "abs",
+    "acos",
+    "acosh",
+    "add",
+    "asin",
+    "asinh",
+    "atan",
+    "atan2",
+    "atanh",
+    "bitwise_and",
+    "bitwise_left_shift",
+    "bitwise_invert",
+    "bitwise_or",
+    "bitwise_right_shift",
+    "bitwise_xor",
+    "ceil",
+    "cos",
+    "cosh",
+    "divide",
+    "equal",
+    "exp",
+    "expm1",
+    "floor",
+    "floor_divide",
+    "greater",
+    "greater_equal",
+    "isfinite",
+    "isinf",
+    "isnan",
+    "less",
+    "less_equal",
+    "log",
+    "log1p",
+    "log2",
+    "log10",
+    "logaddexp",
+    "logical_and",
+    "logical_not",
+    "logical_or",
+    "logical_xor",
+    "multiply",
+    "negative",
+    "not_equal",
+    "positive",
+    "pow",
+    "remainder",
+    "round",
+    "sign",
+    "sin",
+    "sinh",
+    "square",
+    "sqrt",
+    "subtract",
+    "tan",
+    "tanh",
+    "trunc",
+]
+
+from ._indexing_functions import take
+
+__all__ += ["take"]
+
+# linalg is an extension in the array API spec, which is a sub-namespace. Only
+# a subset of functions in it are imported into the top-level namespace.
+from . import linalg
+
+__all__ += ["linalg"]
+
+from .linalg import matmul, tensordot, matrix_transpose, vecdot
+
+__all__ += ["matmul", "tensordot", "matrix_transpose", "vecdot"]
+
+from ._manipulation_functions import (
+    concat,
+    expand_dims,
+    flip,
+    permute_dims,
+    reshape,
+    roll,
+    squeeze,
+    stack,
+)
+
+__all__ += ["concat", "expand_dims", "flip", "permute_dims", "reshape", "roll", "squeeze", "stack"]
+
+from ._searching_functions import argmax, argmin, nonzero, where
+
+__all__ += ["argmax", "argmin", "nonzero", "where"]
+
+from ._set_functions import unique_all, unique_counts, unique_inverse, unique_values
+
+__all__ += ["unique_all", "unique_counts", "unique_inverse", "unique_values"]
+
+from ._sorting_functions import argsort, sort
+
+__all__ += ["argsort", "sort"]
+
+from ._statistical_functions import max, mean, min, prod, std, sum, var
+
+__all__ += ["max", "mean", "min", "prod", "std", "sum", "var"]
+
+from ._utility_functions import all, any
+
+__all__ += ["all", "any"]
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_data_type_functions.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_data_type_functions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f972c3b54244fdedf2bf2ce77f91c173c09b540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_data_type_functions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._array_object import Array
+from ._dtypes import (
+    _all_dtypes,
+    _boolean_dtypes,
+    _signed_integer_dtypes,
+    _unsigned_integer_dtypes,
+    _integer_dtypes,
+    _real_floating_dtypes,
+    _complex_floating_dtypes,
+    _numeric_dtypes,
+    _result_type,
+)
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Tuple, Union
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._typing import Dtype
+    from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+import numpy as np
+
+
+# Note: astype is a function, not an array method as in NumPy.
+def astype(x: Array, dtype: Dtype, /, *, copy: bool = True) -> Array:
+    if not copy and dtype == x.dtype:
+        return x
+    return Array._new(x._array.astype(dtype=dtype, copy=copy))
+
+
+def broadcast_arrays(*arrays: Array) -> List[Array]:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.broadcast_arrays `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    from ._array_object import Array
+
+    return [
+        Array._new(array) for array in np.broadcast_arrays(*[a._array for a in arrays])
+    ]
+
+
+def broadcast_to(x: Array, /, shape: Tuple[int, ...]) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.broadcast_to `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    from ._array_object import Array
+
+    return Array._new(np.broadcast_to(x._array, shape))
+
+
+def can_cast(from_: Union[Dtype, Array], to: Dtype, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.can_cast `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if isinstance(from_, Array):
+        from_ = from_.dtype
+    elif from_ not in _all_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError(f"{from_=}, but should be an array_api array or dtype")
+    if to not in _all_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError(f"{to=}, but should be a dtype")
+    # Note: We avoid np.can_cast() as it has discrepancies with the array API,
+    # since NumPy allows cross-kind casting (e.g., NumPy allows bool -> int8).
+    # See https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/20870
+    try:
+        # We promote `from_` and `to` together. We then check if the promoted
+        # dtype is `to`, which indicates if `from_` can (up)cast to `to`.
+        dtype = _result_type(from_, to)
+        return to == dtype
+    except TypeError:
+        # _result_type() raises if the dtypes don't promote together
+        return False
+
+
+# These are internal objects for the return types of finfo and iinfo, since
+# the NumPy versions contain extra data that isn't part of the spec.
+@dataclass
+class finfo_object:
+    bits: int
+    # Note: The types of the float data here are float, whereas in NumPy they
+    # are scalars of the corresponding float dtype.
+    eps: float
+    max: float
+    min: float
+    smallest_normal: float
+    dtype: Dtype
+
+
+@dataclass
+class iinfo_object:
+    bits: int
+    max: int
+    min: int
+    dtype: Dtype
+
+
+def finfo(type: Union[Dtype, Array], /) -> finfo_object:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.finfo `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    fi = np.finfo(type)
+    # Note: The types of the float data here are float, whereas in NumPy they
+    # are scalars of the corresponding float dtype.
+    return finfo_object(
+        fi.bits,
+        float(fi.eps),
+        float(fi.max),
+        float(fi.min),
+        float(fi.smallest_normal),
+        fi.dtype,
+    )
+
+
+def iinfo(type: Union[Dtype, Array], /) -> iinfo_object:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.iinfo `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    ii = np.iinfo(type)
+    return iinfo_object(ii.bits, ii.max, ii.min, ii.dtype)
+
+
+# Note: isdtype is a new function from the 2022.12 array API specification.
+def isdtype(
+    dtype: Dtype, kind: Union[Dtype, str, Tuple[Union[Dtype, str], ...]]
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns a boolean indicating whether a provided dtype is of a specified data type ``kind``.
+
+    See
+    https://data-apis.org/array-api/latest/API_specification/generated/array_api.isdtype.html
+    for more details
+    """
+    if isinstance(kind, tuple):
+        # Disallow nested tuples
+        if any(isinstance(k, tuple) for k in kind):
+            raise TypeError("'kind' must be a dtype, str, or tuple of dtypes and strs")
+        return any(isdtype(dtype, k) for k in kind)
+    elif isinstance(kind, str):
+        if kind == 'bool':
+            return dtype in _boolean_dtypes
+        elif kind == 'signed integer':
+            return dtype in _signed_integer_dtypes
+        elif kind == 'unsigned integer':
+            return dtype in _unsigned_integer_dtypes
+        elif kind == 'integral':
+            return dtype in _integer_dtypes
+        elif kind == 'real floating':
+            return dtype in _real_floating_dtypes
+        elif kind == 'complex floating':
+            return dtype in _complex_floating_dtypes
+        elif kind == 'numeric':
+            return dtype in _numeric_dtypes
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unrecognized data type kind: {kind!r}")
+    elif kind in _all_dtypes:
+        return dtype == kind
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f"'kind' must be a dtype, str, or tuple of dtypes and strs, not {type(kind).__name__}")
+
+def result_type(*arrays_and_dtypes: Union[Array, Dtype]) -> Dtype:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.result_type `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    # Note: we use a custom implementation that gives only the type promotions
+    # required by the spec rather than using np.result_type. NumPy implements
+    # too many extra type promotions like int64 + uint64 -> float64, and does
+    # value-based casting on scalar arrays.
+    A = []
+    for a in arrays_and_dtypes:
+        if isinstance(a, Array):
+            a = a.dtype
+        elif isinstance(a, np.ndarray) or a not in _all_dtypes:
+            raise TypeError("result_type() inputs must be array_api arrays or dtypes")
+        A.append(a)
+
+    if len(A) == 0:
+        raise ValueError("at least one array or dtype is required")
+    elif len(A) == 1:
+        return A[0]
+    else:
+        t = A[0]
+        for t2 in A[1:]:
+            t = _result_type(t, t2)
+        return t
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_elementwise_functions.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_elementwise_functions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b696772f6ddc86dec7a1740c53ee640aa762b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_elementwise_functions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._dtypes import (
+    _boolean_dtypes,
+    _floating_dtypes,
+    _real_floating_dtypes,
+    _complex_floating_dtypes,
+    _integer_dtypes,
+    _integer_or_boolean_dtypes,
+    _real_numeric_dtypes,
+    _numeric_dtypes,
+    _result_type,
+)
+from ._array_object import Array
+
+import numpy as np
+
+
+def abs(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.abs `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in abs")
+    return Array._new(np.abs(x._array))
+
+
+# Note: the function name is different here
+def acos(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.arccos `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in acos")
+    return Array._new(np.arccos(x._array))
+
+
+# Note: the function name is different here
+def acosh(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.arccosh `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in acosh")
+    return Array._new(np.arccosh(x._array))
+
+
+def add(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.add `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in add")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.add(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+# Note: the function name is different here
+def asin(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.arcsin `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in asin")
+    return Array._new(np.arcsin(x._array))
+
+
+# Note: the function name is different here
+def asinh(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.arcsinh `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in asinh")
+    return Array._new(np.arcsinh(x._array))
+
+
+# Note: the function name is different here
+def atan(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.arctan `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in atan")
+    return Array._new(np.arctan(x._array))
+
+
+# Note: the function name is different here
+def atan2(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.arctan2 `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _real_floating_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _real_floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real floating-point dtypes are allowed in atan2")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.arctan2(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+# Note: the function name is different here
+def atanh(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.arctanh `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in atanh")
+    return Array._new(np.arctanh(x._array))
+
+
+def bitwise_and(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.bitwise_and `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if (
+        x1.dtype not in _integer_or_boolean_dtypes
+        or x2.dtype not in _integer_or_boolean_dtypes
+    ):
+        raise TypeError("Only integer or boolean dtypes are allowed in bitwise_and")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.bitwise_and(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+# Note: the function name is different here
+def bitwise_left_shift(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.left_shift `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _integer_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _integer_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only integer dtypes are allowed in bitwise_left_shift")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    # Note: bitwise_left_shift is only defined for x2 nonnegative.
+    if np.any(x2._array < 0):
+        raise ValueError("bitwise_left_shift(x1, x2) is only defined for x2 >= 0")
+    return Array._new(np.left_shift(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+# Note: the function name is different here
+def bitwise_invert(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.invert `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _integer_or_boolean_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only integer or boolean dtypes are allowed in bitwise_invert")
+    return Array._new(np.invert(x._array))
+
+
+def bitwise_or(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.bitwise_or `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if (
+        x1.dtype not in _integer_or_boolean_dtypes
+        or x2.dtype not in _integer_or_boolean_dtypes
+    ):
+        raise TypeError("Only integer or boolean dtypes are allowed in bitwise_or")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.bitwise_or(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+# Note: the function name is different here
+def bitwise_right_shift(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.right_shift `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _integer_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _integer_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only integer dtypes are allowed in bitwise_right_shift")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    # Note: bitwise_right_shift is only defined for x2 nonnegative.
+    if np.any(x2._array < 0):
+        raise ValueError("bitwise_right_shift(x1, x2) is only defined for x2 >= 0")
+    return Array._new(np.right_shift(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def bitwise_xor(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.bitwise_xor `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if (
+        x1.dtype not in _integer_or_boolean_dtypes
+        or x2.dtype not in _integer_or_boolean_dtypes
+    ):
+        raise TypeError("Only integer or boolean dtypes are allowed in bitwise_xor")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.bitwise_xor(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def ceil(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.ceil `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real numeric dtypes are allowed in ceil")
+    if x.dtype in _integer_dtypes:
+        # Note: The return dtype of ceil is the same as the input
+        return x
+    return Array._new(np.ceil(x._array))
+
+
+def conj(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.conj `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _complex_floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only complex floating-point dtypes are allowed in conj")
+    return Array._new(np.conj(x))
+
+
+def cos(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.cos `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in cos")
+    return Array._new(np.cos(x._array))
+
+
+def cosh(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.cosh `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in cosh")
+    return Array._new(np.cosh(x._array))
+
+
+def divide(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.divide `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _floating_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in divide")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.divide(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def equal(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.equal `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.equal(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def exp(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.exp `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in exp")
+    return Array._new(np.exp(x._array))
+
+
+def expm1(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.expm1 `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in expm1")
+    return Array._new(np.expm1(x._array))
+
+
+def floor(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.floor `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real numeric dtypes are allowed in floor")
+    if x.dtype in _integer_dtypes:
+        # Note: The return dtype of floor is the same as the input
+        return x
+    return Array._new(np.floor(x._array))
+
+
+def floor_divide(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.floor_divide `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real numeric dtypes are allowed in floor_divide")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.floor_divide(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def greater(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.greater `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real numeric dtypes are allowed in greater")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.greater(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def greater_equal(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.greater_equal `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real numeric dtypes are allowed in greater_equal")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.greater_equal(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def imag(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.imag `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _complex_floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only complex floating-point dtypes are allowed in imag")
+    return Array._new(np.imag(x))
+
+
+def isfinite(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.isfinite `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in isfinite")
+    return Array._new(np.isfinite(x._array))
+
+
+def isinf(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.isinf `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in isinf")
+    return Array._new(np.isinf(x._array))
+
+
+def isnan(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.isnan `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in isnan")
+    return Array._new(np.isnan(x._array))
+
+
+def less(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.less `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real numeric dtypes are allowed in less")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.less(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def less_equal(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.less_equal `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real numeric dtypes are allowed in less_equal")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.less_equal(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def log(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.log `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in log")
+    return Array._new(np.log(x._array))
+
+
+def log1p(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.log1p `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in log1p")
+    return Array._new(np.log1p(x._array))
+
+
+def log2(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.log2 `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in log2")
+    return Array._new(np.log2(x._array))
+
+
+def log10(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.log10 `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in log10")
+    return Array._new(np.log10(x._array))
+
+
+def logaddexp(x1: Array, x2: Array) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.logaddexp `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _real_floating_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _real_floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real floating-point dtypes are allowed in logaddexp")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.logaddexp(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def logical_and(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.logical_and `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _boolean_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _boolean_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only boolean dtypes are allowed in logical_and")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.logical_and(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def logical_not(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.logical_not `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _boolean_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only boolean dtypes are allowed in logical_not")
+    return Array._new(np.logical_not(x._array))
+
+
+def logical_or(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.logical_or `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _boolean_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _boolean_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only boolean dtypes are allowed in logical_or")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.logical_or(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def logical_xor(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.logical_xor `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _boolean_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _boolean_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only boolean dtypes are allowed in logical_xor")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.logical_xor(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def multiply(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.multiply `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in multiply")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.multiply(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def negative(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.negative `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in negative")
+    return Array._new(np.negative(x._array))
+
+
+def not_equal(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.not_equal `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.not_equal(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def positive(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.positive `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in positive")
+    return Array._new(np.positive(x._array))
+
+
+# Note: the function name is different here
+def pow(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.power `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in pow")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.power(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def real(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.real `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _complex_floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only complex floating-point dtypes are allowed in real")
+    return Array._new(np.real(x))
+
+
+def remainder(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.remainder `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real numeric dtypes are allowed in remainder")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.remainder(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def round(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.round `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in round")
+    return Array._new(np.round(x._array))
+
+
+def sign(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.sign `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in sign")
+    return Array._new(np.sign(x._array))
+
+
+def sin(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.sin `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in sin")
+    return Array._new(np.sin(x._array))
+
+
+def sinh(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.sinh `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in sinh")
+    return Array._new(np.sinh(x._array))
+
+
+def square(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.square `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in square")
+    return Array._new(np.square(x._array))
+
+
+def sqrt(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.sqrt `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in sqrt")
+    return Array._new(np.sqrt(x._array))
+
+
+def subtract(x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.subtract `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x1.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes or x2.dtype not in _numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only numeric dtypes are allowed in subtract")
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.subtract(x1._array, x2._array))
+
+
+def tan(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.tan `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in tan")
+    return Array._new(np.tan(x._array))
+
+
+def tanh(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.tanh `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _floating_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only floating-point dtypes are allowed in tanh")
+    return Array._new(np.tanh(x._array))
+
+
+def trunc(x: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.trunc `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real numeric dtypes are allowed in trunc")
+    if x.dtype in _integer_dtypes:
+        # Note: The return dtype of trunc is the same as the input
+        return x
+    return Array._new(np.trunc(x._array))
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_indexing_functions.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_indexing_functions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..baf23f7f0b6982115500fa95360d0ca4d2a1caf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_indexing_functions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._array_object import Array
+from ._dtypes import _integer_dtypes
+
+import numpy as np
+
+def take(x: Array, indices: Array, /, *, axis: Optional[int] = None) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.take `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if axis is None and x.ndim != 1:
+        raise ValueError("axis must be specified when ndim > 1")
+    if indices.dtype not in _integer_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only integer dtypes are allowed in indexing")
+    if indices.ndim != 1:
+        raise ValueError("Only 1-dim indices array is supported")
+    return Array._new(np.take(x._array, indices._array, axis=axis))
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_searching_functions.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_searching_functions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1f4b0c904c11834b4ccbcf202b639628c8aaf5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_searching_functions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._array_object import Array
+from ._dtypes import _result_type, _real_numeric_dtypes
+
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+
+import numpy as np
+
+
+def argmax(x: Array, /, *, axis: Optional[int] = None, keepdims: bool = False) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.argmax `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real numeric dtypes are allowed in argmax")
+    return Array._new(np.asarray(np.argmax(x._array, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)))
+
+
+def argmin(x: Array, /, *, axis: Optional[int] = None, keepdims: bool = False) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.argmin `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    if x.dtype not in _real_numeric_dtypes:
+        raise TypeError("Only real numeric dtypes are allowed in argmin")
+    return Array._new(np.asarray(np.argmin(x._array, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)))
+
+
+def nonzero(x: Array, /) -> Tuple[Array, ...]:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.nonzero `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    return tuple(Array._new(i) for i in np.nonzero(x._array))
+
+
+def where(condition: Array, x1: Array, x2: Array, /) -> Array:
+    """
+    Array API compatible wrapper for :py:func:`np.where `.
+
+    See its docstring for more information.
+    """
+    # Call result type here just to raise on disallowed type combinations
+    _result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1, x2 = Array._normalize_two_args(x1, x2)
+    return Array._new(np.where(condition._array, x1._array, x2._array))
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_typing.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_typing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e63a375b5f6696fc9ba639c8d355d1b1840273bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/_typing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""
+This file defines the types for type annotations.
+
+These names aren't part of the module namespace, but they are used in the
+annotations in the function signatures. The functions in the module are only
+valid for inputs that match the given type annotations.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Array",
+    "Device",
+    "Dtype",
+    "SupportsDLPack",
+    "SupportsBufferProtocol",
+    "PyCapsule",
+]
+
+import sys
+
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Literal,
+    Sequence,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+    TypeVar,
+    Protocol,
+)
+
+from ._array_object import Array
+from numpy import (
+    dtype,
+    int8,
+    int16,
+    int32,
+    int64,
+    uint8,
+    uint16,
+    uint32,
+    uint64,
+    float32,
+    float64,
+)
+
+_T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
+
+class NestedSequence(Protocol[_T_co]):
+    def __getitem__(self, key: int, /) -> _T_co | NestedSequence[_T_co]: ...
+    def __len__(self, /) -> int: ...
+
+Device = Literal["cpu"]
+
+Dtype = dtype[Union[
+    int8,
+    int16,
+    int32,
+    int64,
+    uint8,
+    uint16,
+    uint32,
+    uint64,
+    float32,
+    float64,
+]]
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from collections.abc import Buffer as SupportsBufferProtocol
+else:
+    SupportsBufferProtocol = Any
+
+PyCapsule = Any
+
+class SupportsDLPack(Protocol):
+    def __dlpack__(self, /, *, stream: None = ...) -> PyCapsule: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/setup.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8bc2910268e06478d12bffa90024f8f09beb161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/array_api/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+def configuration(parent_package="", top_path=None):
+    from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
+
+    config = Configuration("array_api", parent_package, top_path)
+    config.add_subpackage("tests")
+    return config
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from numpy.distutils.core import setup
+
+    setup(configuration=configuration)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/compat/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/compat/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..504f8b0030ba10511f47d8512acb2feff7d807b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/compat/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""
+Compatibility module.
+
+This module contains duplicated code from Python itself or 3rd party
+extensions, which may be included for the following reasons:
+
+  * compatibility
+  * we may only need a small subset of the copied library/module
+
+"""
+
+from .._utils import _inspect
+from .._utils._inspect import getargspec, formatargspec
+from . import py3k
+from .py3k import *
+
+__all__ = []
+__all__.extend(_inspect.__all__)
+__all__.extend(py3k.__all__)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/compat/py3k.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/compat/py3k.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d02c9f8fe341859202319f9b7ed65818f139e269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/compat/py3k.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+"""
+Python 3.X compatibility tools.
+
+While this file was originally intended for Python 2 -> 3 transition,
+it is now used to create a compatibility layer between different
+minor versions of Python 3.
+
+While the active version of numpy may not support a given version of python, we
+allow downstream libraries to continue to use these shims for forward
+compatibility with numpy while they transition their code to newer versions of
+Python.
+"""
+__all__ = ['bytes', 'asbytes', 'isfileobj', 'getexception', 'strchar',
+           'unicode', 'asunicode', 'asbytes_nested', 'asunicode_nested',
+           'asstr', 'open_latin1', 'long', 'basestring', 'sixu',
+           'integer_types', 'is_pathlib_path', 'npy_load_module', 'Path',
+           'pickle', 'contextlib_nullcontext', 'os_fspath', 'os_PathLike']
+
+import sys
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import io
+try:
+    import pickle5 as pickle
+except ImportError:
+    import pickle
+
+long = int
+integer_types = (int,)
+basestring = str
+unicode = str
+bytes = bytes
+
+def asunicode(s):
+    if isinstance(s, bytes):
+        return s.decode('latin1')
+    return str(s)
+
+def asbytes(s):
+    if isinstance(s, bytes):
+        return s
+    return str(s).encode('latin1')
+
+def asstr(s):
+    if isinstance(s, bytes):
+        return s.decode('latin1')
+    return str(s)
+
+def isfileobj(f):
+    if not isinstance(f, (io.FileIO, io.BufferedReader, io.BufferedWriter)):
+        return False
+    try:
+        # BufferedReader/Writer may raise OSError when
+        # fetching `fileno()` (e.g. when wrapping BytesIO).
+        f.fileno()
+        return True
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+def open_latin1(filename, mode='r'):
+    return open(filename, mode=mode, encoding='iso-8859-1')
+
+def sixu(s):
+    return s
+
+strchar = 'U'
+
+def getexception():
+    return sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+def asbytes_nested(x):
+    if hasattr(x, '__iter__') and not isinstance(x, (bytes, unicode)):
+        return [asbytes_nested(y) for y in x]
+    else:
+        return asbytes(x)
+
+def asunicode_nested(x):
+    if hasattr(x, '__iter__') and not isinstance(x, (bytes, unicode)):
+        return [asunicode_nested(y) for y in x]
+    else:
+        return asunicode(x)
+
+def is_pathlib_path(obj):
+    """
+    Check whether obj is a `pathlib.Path` object.
+
+    Prefer using ``isinstance(obj, os.PathLike)`` instead of this function.
+    """
+    return isinstance(obj, Path)
+
+# from Python 3.7
+class contextlib_nullcontext:
+    """Context manager that does no additional processing.
+
+    Used as a stand-in for a normal context manager, when a particular
+    block of code is only sometimes used with a normal context manager:
+
+    cm = optional_cm if condition else nullcontext()
+    with cm:
+        # Perform operation, using optional_cm if condition is True
+
+    .. note::
+        Prefer using `contextlib.nullcontext` instead of this context manager.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, enter_result=None):
+        self.enter_result = enter_result
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self.enter_result
+
+    def __exit__(self, *excinfo):
+        pass
+
+
+def npy_load_module(name, fn, info=None):
+    """
+    Load a module. Uses ``load_module`` which will be deprecated in python
+    3.12. An alternative that uses ``exec_module`` is in
+    numpy.distutils.misc_util.exec_mod_from_location
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.11.2
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        Full module name.
+    fn : str
+        Path to module file.
+    info : tuple, optional
+        Only here for backward compatibility with Python 2.*.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    mod : module
+
+    """
+    # Explicitly lazy import this to avoid paying the cost
+    # of importing importlib at startup
+    from importlib.machinery import SourceFileLoader
+    return SourceFileLoader(name, fn).load_module()
+
+
+os_fspath = os.fspath
+os_PathLike = os.PathLike
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/compat/setup.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/compat/setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1b34a2cc9528b859e9f40d4eaee8eb35dbf64d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/compat/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+def configuration(parent_package='',top_path=None):
+    from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
+
+    config = Configuration('compat', parent_package, top_path)
+    config.add_subpackage('tests')
+    return config
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    from numpy.distutils.core import setup
+    setup(configuration=configuration)
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+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/__multiarray_api.c
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+
+/* These pointers will be stored in the C-object for use in other
+    extension modules
+*/
+
+void *PyArray_API[] = {
+        (void *) PyArray_GetNDArrayCVersion,
+        (void *) &PyBigArray_Type,
+        (void *) &PyArray_Type,
+        (void *) &PyArrayDescr_Type,
+        (void *) &PyArrayFlags_Type,
+        (void *) &PyArrayIter_Type,
+        (void *) &PyArrayMultiIter_Type,
+        (int *) &NPY_NUMUSERTYPES,
+        (void *) &PyBoolArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &_PyArrayScalar_BoolValues,
+        (void *) &PyGenericArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyNumberArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyIntegerArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PySignedIntegerArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyUnsignedIntegerArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyInexactArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyFloatingArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyComplexFloatingArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyFlexibleArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyCharacterArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyByteArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyShortArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyIntArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyLongArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyLongLongArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyUByteArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyUShortArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyUIntArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyULongArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyULongLongArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyFloatArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyDoubleArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyLongDoubleArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyCFloatArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyCDoubleArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyCLongDoubleArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyObjectArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyStringArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyUnicodeArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyVoidArrType_Type,
+        (void *) PyArray_SetNumericOps,
+        (void *) PyArray_GetNumericOps,
+        (void *) PyArray_INCREF,
+        (void *) PyArray_XDECREF,
+        (void *) PyArray_SetStringFunction,
+        (void *) PyArray_DescrFromType,
+        (void *) PyArray_TypeObjectFromType,
+        (void *) PyArray_Zero,
+        (void *) PyArray_One,
+        (void *) PyArray_CastToType,
+        (void *) PyArray_CastTo,
+        (void *) PyArray_CastAnyTo,
+        (void *) PyArray_CanCastSafely,
+        (void *) PyArray_CanCastTo,
+        (void *) PyArray_ObjectType,
+        (void *) PyArray_DescrFromObject,
+        (void *) PyArray_ConvertToCommonType,
+        (void *) PyArray_DescrFromScalar,
+        (void *) PyArray_DescrFromTypeObject,
+        (void *) PyArray_Size,
+        (void *) PyArray_Scalar,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromScalar,
+        (void *) PyArray_ScalarAsCtype,
+        (void *) PyArray_CastScalarToCtype,
+        (void *) PyArray_CastScalarDirect,
+        (void *) PyArray_ScalarFromObject,
+        (void *) PyArray_GetCastFunc,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromDims,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromDimsAndDataAndDescr,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromAny,
+        (void *) PyArray_EnsureArray,
+        (void *) PyArray_EnsureAnyArray,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromFile,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromString,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromBuffer,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromIter,
+        (void *) PyArray_Return,
+        (void *) PyArray_GetField,
+        (void *) PyArray_SetField,
+        (void *) PyArray_Byteswap,
+        (void *) PyArray_Resize,
+        (void *) PyArray_MoveInto,
+        (void *) PyArray_CopyInto,
+        (void *) PyArray_CopyAnyInto,
+        (void *) PyArray_CopyObject,
+        (void *) PyArray_NewCopy,
+        (void *) PyArray_ToList,
+        (void *) PyArray_ToString,
+        (void *) PyArray_ToFile,
+        (void *) PyArray_Dump,
+        (void *) PyArray_Dumps,
+        (void *) PyArray_ValidType,
+        (void *) PyArray_UpdateFlags,
+        (void *) PyArray_New,
+        (void *) PyArray_NewFromDescr,
+        (void *) PyArray_DescrNew,
+        (void *) PyArray_DescrNewFromType,
+        (void *) PyArray_GetPriority,
+        (void *) PyArray_IterNew,
+        (void *) PyArray_MultiIterNew,
+        (void *) PyArray_PyIntAsInt,
+        (void *) PyArray_PyIntAsIntp,
+        (void *) PyArray_Broadcast,
+        (void *) PyArray_FillObjectArray,
+        (void *) PyArray_FillWithScalar,
+        (void *) PyArray_CheckStrides,
+        (void *) PyArray_DescrNewByteorder,
+        (void *) PyArray_IterAllButAxis,
+        (void *) PyArray_CheckFromAny,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromArray,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromInterface,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromStructInterface,
+        (void *) PyArray_FromArrayAttr,
+        (void *) PyArray_ScalarKind,
+        (void *) PyArray_CanCoerceScalar,
+        (void *) PyArray_NewFlagsObject,
+        (void *) PyArray_CanCastScalar,
+        (void *) PyArray_CompareUCS4,
+        (void *) PyArray_RemoveSmallest,
+        (void *) PyArray_ElementStrides,
+        (void *) PyArray_Item_INCREF,
+        (void *) PyArray_Item_XDECREF,
+        (void *) PyArray_FieldNames,
+        (void *) PyArray_Transpose,
+        (void *) PyArray_TakeFrom,
+        (void *) PyArray_PutTo,
+        (void *) PyArray_PutMask,
+        (void *) PyArray_Repeat,
+        (void *) PyArray_Choose,
+        (void *) PyArray_Sort,
+        (void *) PyArray_ArgSort,
+        (void *) PyArray_SearchSorted,
+        (void *) PyArray_ArgMax,
+        (void *) PyArray_ArgMin,
+        (void *) PyArray_Reshape,
+        (void *) PyArray_Newshape,
+        (void *) PyArray_Squeeze,
+        (void *) PyArray_View,
+        (void *) PyArray_SwapAxes,
+        (void *) PyArray_Max,
+        (void *) PyArray_Min,
+        (void *) PyArray_Ptp,
+        (void *) PyArray_Mean,
+        (void *) PyArray_Trace,
+        (void *) PyArray_Diagonal,
+        (void *) PyArray_Clip,
+        (void *) PyArray_Conjugate,
+        (void *) PyArray_Nonzero,
+        (void *) PyArray_Std,
+        (void *) PyArray_Sum,
+        (void *) PyArray_CumSum,
+        (void *) PyArray_Prod,
+        (void *) PyArray_CumProd,
+        (void *) PyArray_All,
+        (void *) PyArray_Any,
+        (void *) PyArray_Compress,
+        (void *) PyArray_Flatten,
+        (void *) PyArray_Ravel,
+        (void *) PyArray_MultiplyList,
+        (void *) PyArray_MultiplyIntList,
+        (void *) PyArray_GetPtr,
+        (void *) PyArray_CompareLists,
+        (void *) PyArray_AsCArray,
+        (void *) PyArray_As1D,
+        (void *) PyArray_As2D,
+        (void *) PyArray_Free,
+        (void *) PyArray_Converter,
+        (void *) PyArray_IntpFromSequence,
+        (void *) PyArray_Concatenate,
+        (void *) PyArray_InnerProduct,
+        (void *) PyArray_MatrixProduct,
+        (void *) PyArray_CopyAndTranspose,
+        (void *) PyArray_Correlate,
+        (void *) PyArray_TypestrConvert,
+        (void *) PyArray_DescrConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_DescrConverter2,
+        (void *) PyArray_IntpConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_BufferConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_AxisConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_BoolConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_ByteorderConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_OrderConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_EquivTypes,
+        (void *) PyArray_Zeros,
+        (void *) PyArray_Empty,
+        (void *) PyArray_Where,
+        (void *) PyArray_Arange,
+        (void *) PyArray_ArangeObj,
+        (void *) PyArray_SortkindConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_LexSort,
+        (void *) PyArray_Round,
+        (void *) PyArray_EquivTypenums,
+        (void *) PyArray_RegisterDataType,
+        (void *) PyArray_RegisterCastFunc,
+        (void *) PyArray_RegisterCanCast,
+        (void *) PyArray_InitArrFuncs,
+        (void *) PyArray_IntTupleFromIntp,
+        (void *) PyArray_TypeNumFromName,
+        (void *) PyArray_ClipmodeConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_OutputConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_BroadcastToShape,
+        (void *) _PyArray_SigintHandler,
+        (void *) _PyArray_GetSigintBuf,
+        (void *) PyArray_DescrAlignConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_DescrAlignConverter2,
+        (void *) PyArray_SearchsideConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_CheckAxis,
+        (void *) PyArray_OverflowMultiplyList,
+        (void *) PyArray_CompareString,
+        (void *) PyArray_MultiIterFromObjects,
+        (void *) PyArray_GetEndianness,
+        (void *) PyArray_GetNDArrayCFeatureVersion,
+        (void *) PyArray_Correlate2,
+        (void *) PyArray_NeighborhoodIterNew,
+        (void *) &PyTimeIntegerArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyDatetimeArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyTimedeltaArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &PyHalfArrType_Type,
+        (void *) &NpyIter_Type,
+        (void *) PyArray_SetDatetimeParseFunction,
+        (void *) PyArray_DatetimeToDatetimeStruct,
+        (void *) PyArray_TimedeltaToTimedeltaStruct,
+        (void *) PyArray_DatetimeStructToDatetime,
+        (void *) PyArray_TimedeltaStructToTimedelta,
+        (void *) NpyIter_New,
+        (void *) NpyIter_MultiNew,
+        (void *) NpyIter_AdvancedNew,
+        (void *) NpyIter_Copy,
+        (void *) NpyIter_Deallocate,
+        (void *) NpyIter_HasDelayedBufAlloc,
+        (void *) NpyIter_HasExternalLoop,
+        (void *) NpyIter_EnableExternalLoop,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetInnerStrideArray,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetInnerLoopSizePtr,
+        (void *) NpyIter_Reset,
+        (void *) NpyIter_ResetBasePointers,
+        (void *) NpyIter_ResetToIterIndexRange,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetNDim,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetNOp,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetIterNext,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetIterSize,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetIterIndexRange,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetIterIndex,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GotoIterIndex,
+        (void *) NpyIter_HasMultiIndex,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetShape,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetGetMultiIndex,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GotoMultiIndex,
+        (void *) NpyIter_RemoveMultiIndex,
+        (void *) NpyIter_HasIndex,
+        (void *) NpyIter_IsBuffered,
+        (void *) NpyIter_IsGrowInner,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetBufferSize,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetIndexPtr,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GotoIndex,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetDataPtrArray,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetDescrArray,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetOperandArray,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetIterView,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetReadFlags,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetWriteFlags,
+        (void *) NpyIter_DebugPrint,
+        (void *) NpyIter_IterationNeedsAPI,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetInnerFixedStrideArray,
+        (void *) NpyIter_RemoveAxis,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetAxisStrideArray,
+        (void *) NpyIter_RequiresBuffering,
+        (void *) NpyIter_GetInitialDataPtrArray,
+        (void *) NpyIter_CreateCompatibleStrides,
+        (void *) PyArray_CastingConverter,
+        (void *) PyArray_CountNonzero,
+        (void *) PyArray_PromoteTypes,
+        (void *) PyArray_MinScalarType,
+        (void *) PyArray_ResultType,
+        (void *) PyArray_CanCastArrayTo,
+        (void *) PyArray_CanCastTypeTo,
+        (void *) PyArray_EinsteinSum,
+        (void *) PyArray_NewLikeArray,
+        (void *) PyArray_GetArrayParamsFromObject,
+        (void *) PyArray_ConvertClipmodeSequence,
+        (void *) PyArray_MatrixProduct2,
+        (void *) NpyIter_IsFirstVisit,
+        (void *) PyArray_SetBaseObject,
+        (void *) PyArray_CreateSortedStridePerm,
+        (void *) PyArray_RemoveAxesInPlace,
+        (void *) PyArray_DebugPrint,
+        (void *) PyArray_FailUnlessWriteable,
+        (void *) PyArray_SetUpdateIfCopyBase,
+        (void *) PyDataMem_NEW,
+        (void *) PyDataMem_FREE,
+        (void *) PyDataMem_RENEW,
+        (void *) PyDataMem_SetEventHook,
+        (NPY_CASTING *) &NPY_DEFAULT_ASSIGN_CASTING,
+        (void *) PyArray_MapIterSwapAxes,
+        (void *) PyArray_MapIterArray,
+        (void *) PyArray_MapIterNext,
+        (void *) PyArray_Partition,
+        (void *) PyArray_ArgPartition,
+        (void *) PyArray_SelectkindConverter,
+        (void *) PyDataMem_NEW_ZEROED,
+        (void *) PyArray_CheckAnyScalarExact,
+        (void *) PyArray_MapIterArrayCopyIfOverlap,
+        (void *) PyArray_ResolveWritebackIfCopy,
+        (void *) PyArray_SetWritebackIfCopyBase,
+        (void *) PyDataMem_SetHandler,
+        (void *) PyDataMem_GetHandler,
+        (PyObject* *) &PyDataMem_DefaultHandler
+};
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/__multiarray_api.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/__multiarray_api.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c626832ad2a13f2bb78e0108e88a83d4982412c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/__multiarray_api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1566 @@
+
+#if defined(_MULTIARRAYMODULE) || defined(WITH_CPYCHECKER_STEALS_REFERENCE_TO_ARG_ATTRIBUTE)
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        npy_bool obval;
+} PyBoolScalarObject;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyArrayMapIter_Type;
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_Type;
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyBoolScalarObject _PyArrayScalar_BoolValues[2];
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  unsigned int PyArray_GetNDArrayCVersion \
+       (void);
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyBigArray_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyArray_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyArray_DTypeMeta PyArrayDescr_TypeFull;
+#define PyArrayDescr_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)(&PyArrayDescr_TypeFull))
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyArrayFlags_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyArrayIter_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyArrayMultiIter_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT int NPY_NUMUSERTYPES;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyBoolArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyBoolScalarObject _PyArrayScalar_BoolValues[2];
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyGenericArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyNumberArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyIntegerArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PySignedIntegerArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyUnsignedIntegerArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyInexactArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyFloatingArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyComplexFloatingArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyFlexibleArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyCharacterArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyByteArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyShortArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyIntArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyLongArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyLongLongArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyUByteArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyUShortArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyUIntArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyULongArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyULongLongArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyFloatArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyDoubleArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyLongDoubleArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyCFloatArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyCDoubleArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyCLongDoubleArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyObjectArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyStringArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyUnicodeArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyVoidArrType_Type;
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_SetNumericOps \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_GetNumericOps \
+       (void);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_INCREF \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_XDECREF \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_SetStringFunction \
+       (PyObject *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_Descr * PyArray_DescrFromType \
+       (int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_TypeObjectFromType \
+       (int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  char * PyArray_Zero \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  char * PyArray_One \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) PyObject * PyArray_CastToType \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CastTo \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CastAnyTo \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CanCastSafely \
+       (int, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool PyArray_CanCastTo \
+       (PyArray_Descr *, PyArray_Descr *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_ObjectType \
+       (PyObject *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_Descr * PyArray_DescrFromObject \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArrayObject ** PyArray_ConvertToCommonType \
+       (PyObject *, int *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_Descr * PyArray_DescrFromScalar \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_Descr * PyArray_DescrFromTypeObject \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp PyArray_Size \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Scalar \
+       (void *, PyArray_Descr *, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) PyObject * PyArray_FromScalar \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_ScalarAsCtype \
+       (PyObject *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CastScalarToCtype \
+       (PyObject *, void *, PyArray_Descr *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CastScalarDirect \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, void *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_ScalarFromObject \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_VectorUnaryFunc * PyArray_GetCastFunc \
+       (PyArray_Descr *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_FromDims \
+       (int NPY_UNUSED(nd), int *NPY_UNUSED(d), int NPY_UNUSED(type));
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(3) PyObject * PyArray_FromDimsAndDataAndDescr \
+       (int NPY_UNUSED(nd), int *NPY_UNUSED(d), PyArray_Descr *, char *NPY_UNUSED(data));
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) PyObject * PyArray_FromAny \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int, int, int, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(1) PyObject * PyArray_EnsureArray \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(1) PyObject * PyArray_EnsureAnyArray \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_FromFile \
+       (FILE *, PyArray_Descr *, npy_intp, char *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_FromString \
+       (char *, npy_intp, PyArray_Descr *, npy_intp, char *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_FromBuffer \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, npy_intp, npy_intp);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) PyObject * PyArray_FromIter \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, npy_intp);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(1) PyObject * PyArray_Return \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) PyObject * PyArray_GetField \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) int PyArray_SetField \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Byteswap \
+       (PyArrayObject *, npy_bool);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Resize \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Dims *, int, NPY_ORDER NPY_UNUSED(order));
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_MoveInto \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CopyInto \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CopyAnyInto \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CopyObject \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_NewCopy \
+       (PyArrayObject *, NPY_ORDER);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_ToList \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_ToString \
+       (PyArrayObject *, NPY_ORDER);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_ToFile \
+       (PyArrayObject *, FILE *, char *, char *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_Dump \
+       (PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Dumps \
+       (PyObject *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_ValidType \
+       (int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_UpdateFlags \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_New \
+       (PyTypeObject *, int, npy_intp const *, int, npy_intp const *, void *, int, int, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) PyObject * PyArray_NewFromDescr \
+       (PyTypeObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *, int, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_Descr * PyArray_DescrNew \
+       (PyArray_Descr *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_Descr * PyArray_DescrNewFromType \
+       (int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  double PyArray_GetPriority \
+       (PyObject *, double);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_IterNew \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject* PyArray_MultiIterNew \
+       (int, ...);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_PyIntAsInt \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp PyArray_PyIntAsIntp \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_Broadcast \
+       (PyArrayMultiIterObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_FillObjectArray \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_FillWithScalar \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool PyArray_CheckStrides \
+       (int, int, npy_intp, npy_intp, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_Descr * PyArray_DescrNewByteorder \
+       (PyArray_Descr *, char);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_IterAllButAxis \
+       (PyObject *, int *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) PyObject * PyArray_CheckFromAny \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int, int, int, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) PyObject * PyArray_FromArray \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_FromInterface \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_FromStructInterface \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_FromArrayAttr \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  NPY_SCALARKIND PyArray_ScalarKind \
+       (int, PyArrayObject **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CanCoerceScalar \
+       (int, int, NPY_SCALARKIND);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_NewFlagsObject \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool PyArray_CanCastScalar \
+       (PyTypeObject *, PyTypeObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CompareUCS4 \
+       (npy_ucs4 const *, npy_ucs4 const *, size_t);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_RemoveSmallest \
+       (PyArrayMultiIterObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_ElementStrides \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_Item_INCREF \
+       (char *, PyArray_Descr *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_Item_XDECREF \
+       (char *, PyArray_Descr *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_FieldNames \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Transpose \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Dims *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_TakeFrom \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, int, PyArrayObject *, NPY_CLIPMODE);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_PutTo \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject*, PyObject *, NPY_CLIPMODE);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_PutMask \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject*, PyObject*);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Repeat \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Choose \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, PyArrayObject *, NPY_CLIPMODE);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_Sort \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, NPY_SORTKIND);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_ArgSort \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, NPY_SORTKIND);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_SearchSorted \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, NPY_SEARCHSIDE, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_ArgMax \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_ArgMin \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Reshape \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Newshape \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Dims *, NPY_ORDER);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Squeeze \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) PyObject * PyArray_View \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, PyTypeObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_SwapAxes \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Max \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Min \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Ptp \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Mean \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Trace \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, int, int, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Diagonal \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, int, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Clip \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Conjugate \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Nonzero \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Std \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Sum \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_CumSum \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Prod \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_CumProd \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_All \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Any \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Compress \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Flatten \
+       (PyArrayObject *, NPY_ORDER);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Ravel \
+       (PyArrayObject *, NPY_ORDER);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp PyArray_MultiplyList \
+       (npy_intp const *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_MultiplyIntList \
+       (int const *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void * PyArray_GetPtr \
+       (PyArrayObject *, npy_intp const*);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CompareLists \
+       (npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(5) int PyArray_AsCArray \
+       (PyObject **, void *, npy_intp *, int, PyArray_Descr*);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_As1D \
+       (PyObject **NPY_UNUSED(op), char **NPY_UNUSED(ptr), int *NPY_UNUSED(d1), int NPY_UNUSED(typecode));
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_As2D \
+       (PyObject **NPY_UNUSED(op), char ***NPY_UNUSED(ptr), int *NPY_UNUSED(d1), int *NPY_UNUSED(d2), int NPY_UNUSED(typecode));
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_Free \
+       (PyObject *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_Converter \
+       (PyObject *, PyObject **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_IntpFromSequence \
+       (PyObject *, npy_intp *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Concatenate \
+       (PyObject *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_InnerProduct \
+       (PyObject *, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_MatrixProduct \
+       (PyObject *, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_CopyAndTranspose \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Correlate \
+       (PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_TypestrConvert \
+       (int, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_DescrConverter \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_DescrConverter2 \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_IntpConverter \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Dims *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_BufferConverter \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Chunk *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_AxisConverter \
+       (PyObject *, int *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_BoolConverter \
+       (PyObject *, npy_bool *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_ByteorderConverter \
+       (PyObject *, char *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_OrderConverter \
+       (PyObject *, NPY_ORDER *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  unsigned char PyArray_EquivTypes \
+       (PyArray_Descr *, PyArray_Descr *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(3) PyObject * PyArray_Zeros \
+       (int, npy_intp const *, PyArray_Descr *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(3) PyObject * PyArray_Empty \
+       (int, npy_intp const *, PyArray_Descr *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Where \
+       (PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Arange \
+       (double, double, double, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_ArangeObj \
+       (PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_SortkindConverter \
+       (PyObject *, NPY_SORTKIND *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_LexSort \
+       (PyObject *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Round \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  unsigned char PyArray_EquivTypenums \
+       (int, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_RegisterDataType \
+       (PyArray_Descr *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_RegisterCastFunc \
+       (PyArray_Descr *, int, PyArray_VectorUnaryFunc *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_RegisterCanCast \
+       (PyArray_Descr *, int, NPY_SCALARKIND);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_InitArrFuncs \
+       (PyArray_ArrFuncs *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_IntTupleFromIntp \
+       (int, npy_intp const *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_TypeNumFromName \
+       (char const *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_ClipmodeConverter \
+       (PyObject *, NPY_CLIPMODE *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_OutputConverter \
+       (PyObject *, PyArrayObject **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_BroadcastToShape \
+       (PyObject *, npy_intp *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void _PyArray_SigintHandler \
+       (int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void* _PyArray_GetSigintBuf \
+       (void);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_DescrAlignConverter \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_DescrAlignConverter2 \
+       (PyObject *, PyArray_Descr **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_SearchsideConverter \
+       (PyObject *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_CheckAxis \
+       (PyArrayObject *, int *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp PyArray_OverflowMultiplyList \
+       (npy_intp const *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CompareString \
+       (const char *, const char *, size_t);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject* PyArray_MultiIterFromObjects \
+       (PyObject **, int, int, ...);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_GetEndianness \
+       (void);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  unsigned int PyArray_GetNDArrayCFeatureVersion \
+       (void);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_Correlate2 \
+       (PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject* PyArray_NeighborhoodIterNew \
+       (PyArrayIterObject *, const npy_intp *, int, PyArrayObject*);
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyTimeIntegerArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyDatetimeArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyTimedeltaArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyHalfArrType_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject NpyIter_Type;
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_SetDatetimeParseFunction \
+       (PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(op));
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_DatetimeToDatetimeStruct \
+       (npy_datetime NPY_UNUSED(val), NPY_DATETIMEUNIT NPY_UNUSED(fr), npy_datetimestruct *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_TimedeltaToTimedeltaStruct \
+       (npy_timedelta NPY_UNUSED(val), NPY_DATETIMEUNIT NPY_UNUSED(fr), npy_timedeltastruct *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_datetime PyArray_DatetimeStructToDatetime \
+       (NPY_DATETIMEUNIT NPY_UNUSED(fr), npy_datetimestruct *NPY_UNUSED(d));
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_datetime PyArray_TimedeltaStructToTimedelta \
+       (NPY_DATETIMEUNIT NPY_UNUSED(fr), npy_timedeltastruct *NPY_UNUSED(d));
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  NpyIter * NpyIter_New \
+       (PyArrayObject *, npy_uint32, NPY_ORDER, NPY_CASTING, PyArray_Descr*);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  NpyIter * NpyIter_MultiNew \
+       (int, PyArrayObject **, npy_uint32, NPY_ORDER, NPY_CASTING, npy_uint32 *, PyArray_Descr **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  NpyIter * NpyIter_AdvancedNew \
+       (int, PyArrayObject **, npy_uint32, NPY_ORDER, NPY_CASTING, npy_uint32 *, PyArray_Descr **, int, int **, npy_intp *, npy_intp);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  NpyIter * NpyIter_Copy \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_Deallocate \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool NpyIter_HasDelayedBufAlloc \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool NpyIter_HasExternalLoop \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_EnableExternalLoop \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp * NpyIter_GetInnerStrideArray \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp * NpyIter_GetInnerLoopSizePtr \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_Reset \
+       (NpyIter *, char **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_ResetBasePointers \
+       (NpyIter *, char **, char **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_ResetToIterIndexRange \
+       (NpyIter *, npy_intp, npy_intp, char **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_GetNDim \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_GetNOp \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  NpyIter_IterNextFunc * NpyIter_GetIterNext \
+       (NpyIter *, char **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp NpyIter_GetIterSize \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void NpyIter_GetIterIndexRange \
+       (NpyIter *, npy_intp *, npy_intp *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp NpyIter_GetIterIndex \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_GotoIterIndex \
+       (NpyIter *, npy_intp);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool NpyIter_HasMultiIndex \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_GetShape \
+       (NpyIter *, npy_intp *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  NpyIter_GetMultiIndexFunc * NpyIter_GetGetMultiIndex \
+       (NpyIter *, char **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_GotoMultiIndex \
+       (NpyIter *, npy_intp const *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_RemoveMultiIndex \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool NpyIter_HasIndex \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool NpyIter_IsBuffered \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool NpyIter_IsGrowInner \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp NpyIter_GetBufferSize \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp * NpyIter_GetIndexPtr \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_GotoIndex \
+       (NpyIter *, npy_intp);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  char ** NpyIter_GetDataPtrArray \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_Descr ** NpyIter_GetDescrArray \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArrayObject ** NpyIter_GetOperandArray \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArrayObject * NpyIter_GetIterView \
+       (NpyIter *, npy_intp);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void NpyIter_GetReadFlags \
+       (NpyIter *, char *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void NpyIter_GetWriteFlags \
+       (NpyIter *, char *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void NpyIter_DebugPrint \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool NpyIter_IterationNeedsAPI \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void NpyIter_GetInnerFixedStrideArray \
+       (NpyIter *, npy_intp *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_RemoveAxis \
+       (NpyIter *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp * NpyIter_GetAxisStrideArray \
+       (NpyIter *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool NpyIter_RequiresBuffering \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  char ** NpyIter_GetInitialDataPtrArray \
+       (NpyIter *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int NpyIter_CreateCompatibleStrides \
+       (NpyIter *, npy_intp, npy_intp *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CastingConverter \
+       (PyObject *, NPY_CASTING *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_intp PyArray_CountNonzero \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_Descr * PyArray_PromoteTypes \
+       (PyArray_Descr *, PyArray_Descr *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_Descr * PyArray_MinScalarType \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArray_Descr * PyArray_ResultType \
+       (npy_intp, PyArrayObject *arrs[], npy_intp, PyArray_Descr *descrs[]);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool PyArray_CanCastArrayTo \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, NPY_CASTING);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool PyArray_CanCastTypeTo \
+       (PyArray_Descr *, PyArray_Descr *, NPY_CASTING);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyArrayObject * PyArray_EinsteinSum \
+       (char *, npy_intp, PyArrayObject **, PyArray_Descr *, NPY_ORDER, NPY_CASTING, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(3) PyObject * PyArray_NewLikeArray \
+       (PyArrayObject *, NPY_ORDER, PyArray_Descr *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_GetArrayParamsFromObject \
+       (PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(op), PyArray_Descr *NPY_UNUSED(requested_dtype), npy_bool NPY_UNUSED(writeable), PyArray_Descr **NPY_UNUSED(out_dtype), int *NPY_UNUSED(out_ndim), npy_intp *NPY_UNUSED(out_dims), PyArrayObject **NPY_UNUSED(out_arr), PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(context));
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_ConvertClipmodeSequence \
+       (PyObject *, NPY_CLIPMODE *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_MatrixProduct2 \
+       (PyObject *, PyObject *, PyArrayObject*);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  npy_bool NpyIter_IsFirstVisit \
+       (NpyIter *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) int PyArray_SetBaseObject \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_CreateSortedStridePerm \
+       (int, npy_intp const *, npy_stride_sort_item *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_RemoveAxesInPlace \
+       (PyArrayObject *, const npy_bool *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_DebugPrint \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_FailUnlessWriteable \
+       (PyArrayObject *, const char *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(2) int PyArray_SetUpdateIfCopyBase \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void * PyDataMem_NEW \
+       (size_t);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyDataMem_FREE \
+       (void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void * PyDataMem_RENEW \
+       (void *, size_t);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyDataMem_EventHookFunc * PyDataMem_SetEventHook \
+       (PyDataMem_EventHookFunc *, void *, void **);
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_CASTING NPY_DEFAULT_ASSIGN_CASTING;
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_MapIterSwapAxes \
+       (PyArrayMapIterObject *, PyArrayObject **, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_MapIterArray \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyArray_MapIterNext \
+       (PyArrayMapIterObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_Partition \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *, int, NPY_SELECTKIND);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_ArgPartition \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *, int, NPY_SELECTKIND);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_SelectkindConverter \
+       (PyObject *, NPY_SELECTKIND *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void * PyDataMem_NEW_ZEROED \
+       (size_t, size_t);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_CheckAnyScalarExact \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyArray_MapIterArrayCopyIfOverlap \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, int, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_ResolveWritebackIfCopy \
+       (PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyArray_SetWritebackIfCopyBase \
+       (PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyDataMem_SetHandler \
+       (PyObject *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyDataMem_GetHandler \
+       (void);
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject* PyDataMem_DefaultHandler;
+
+
+#else
+
+#if defined(PY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL)
+#define PyArray_API PY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL
+#endif
+
+#if defined(NO_IMPORT) || defined(NO_IMPORT_ARRAY)
+extern void **PyArray_API;
+#else
+#if defined(PY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL)
+void **PyArray_API;
+#else
+static void **PyArray_API=NULL;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define PyArray_GetNDArrayCVersion \
+        (*(unsigned int (*)(void)) \
+    PyArray_API[0])
+#define PyBigArray_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[1])
+#define PyArray_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[2])
+#define PyArrayDescr_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[3])
+#define PyArrayFlags_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[4])
+#define PyArrayIter_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[5])
+#define PyArrayMultiIter_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[6])
+#define NPY_NUMUSERTYPES (*(int *)PyArray_API[7])
+#define PyBoolArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[8])
+#define _PyArrayScalar_BoolValues ((PyBoolScalarObject *)PyArray_API[9])
+#define PyGenericArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[10])
+#define PyNumberArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[11])
+#define PyIntegerArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[12])
+#define PySignedIntegerArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[13])
+#define PyUnsignedIntegerArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[14])
+#define PyInexactArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[15])
+#define PyFloatingArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[16])
+#define PyComplexFloatingArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[17])
+#define PyFlexibleArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[18])
+#define PyCharacterArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[19])
+#define PyByteArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[20])
+#define PyShortArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[21])
+#define PyIntArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[22])
+#define PyLongArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[23])
+#define PyLongLongArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[24])
+#define PyUByteArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[25])
+#define PyUShortArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[26])
+#define PyUIntArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[27])
+#define PyULongArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[28])
+#define PyULongLongArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[29])
+#define PyFloatArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[30])
+#define PyDoubleArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[31])
+#define PyLongDoubleArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[32])
+#define PyCFloatArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[33])
+#define PyCDoubleArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[34])
+#define PyCLongDoubleArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[35])
+#define PyObjectArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[36])
+#define PyStringArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[37])
+#define PyUnicodeArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[38])
+#define PyVoidArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[39])
+#define PyArray_SetNumericOps \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[40])
+#define PyArray_GetNumericOps \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(void)) \
+    PyArray_API[41])
+#define PyArray_INCREF \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[42])
+#define PyArray_XDECREF \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[43])
+#define PyArray_SetStringFunction \
+        (*(void (*)(PyObject *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[44])
+#define PyArray_DescrFromType \
+        (*(PyArray_Descr * (*)(int)) \
+    PyArray_API[45])
+#define PyArray_TypeObjectFromType \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(int)) \
+    PyArray_API[46])
+#define PyArray_Zero \
+        (*(char * (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[47])
+#define PyArray_One \
+        (*(char * (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[48])
+#define PyArray_CastToType \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[49])
+#define PyArray_CastTo \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[50])
+#define PyArray_CastAnyTo \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[51])
+#define PyArray_CanCastSafely \
+        (*(int (*)(int, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[52])
+#define PyArray_CanCastTo \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(PyArray_Descr *, PyArray_Descr *)) \
+    PyArray_API[53])
+#define PyArray_ObjectType \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[54])
+#define PyArray_DescrFromObject \
+        (*(PyArray_Descr * (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *)) \
+    PyArray_API[55])
+#define PyArray_ConvertToCommonType \
+        (*(PyArrayObject ** (*)(PyObject *, int *)) \
+    PyArray_API[56])
+#define PyArray_DescrFromScalar \
+        (*(PyArray_Descr * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[57])
+#define PyArray_DescrFromTypeObject \
+        (*(PyArray_Descr * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[58])
+#define PyArray_Size \
+        (*(npy_intp (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[59])
+#define PyArray_Scalar \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(void *, PyArray_Descr *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[60])
+#define PyArray_FromScalar \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *)) \
+    PyArray_API[61])
+#define PyArray_ScalarAsCtype \
+        (*(void (*)(PyObject *, void *)) \
+    PyArray_API[62])
+#define PyArray_CastScalarToCtype \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, void *, PyArray_Descr *)) \
+    PyArray_API[63])
+#define PyArray_CastScalarDirect \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, void *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[64])
+#define PyArray_ScalarFromObject \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[65])
+#define PyArray_GetCastFunc \
+        (*(PyArray_VectorUnaryFunc * (*)(PyArray_Descr *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[66])
+#define PyArray_FromDims \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(int NPY_UNUSED(nd), int *NPY_UNUSED(d), int NPY_UNUSED(type))) \
+    PyArray_API[67])
+#define PyArray_FromDimsAndDataAndDescr \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(int NPY_UNUSED(nd), int *NPY_UNUSED(d), PyArray_Descr *, char *NPY_UNUSED(data))) \
+    PyArray_API[68])
+#define PyArray_FromAny \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int, int, int, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[69])
+#define PyArray_EnsureArray \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[70])
+#define PyArray_EnsureAnyArray \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[71])
+#define PyArray_FromFile \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(FILE *, PyArray_Descr *, npy_intp, char *)) \
+    PyArray_API[72])
+#define PyArray_FromString \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(char *, npy_intp, PyArray_Descr *, npy_intp, char *)) \
+    PyArray_API[73])
+#define PyArray_FromBuffer \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, npy_intp, npy_intp)) \
+    PyArray_API[74])
+#define PyArray_FromIter \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, npy_intp)) \
+    PyArray_API[75])
+#define PyArray_Return \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[76])
+#define PyArray_GetField \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[77])
+#define PyArray_SetField \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[78])
+#define PyArray_Byteswap \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, npy_bool)) \
+    PyArray_API[79])
+#define PyArray_Resize \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Dims *, int, NPY_ORDER NPY_UNUSED(order))) \
+    PyArray_API[80])
+#define PyArray_MoveInto \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[81])
+#define PyArray_CopyInto \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[82])
+#define PyArray_CopyAnyInto \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[83])
+#define PyArray_CopyObject \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[84])
+#define PyArray_NewCopy \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, NPY_ORDER)) \
+    PyArray_API[85])
+#define PyArray_ToList \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[86])
+#define PyArray_ToString \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, NPY_ORDER)) \
+    PyArray_API[87])
+#define PyArray_ToFile \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, FILE *, char *, char *)) \
+    PyArray_API[88])
+#define PyArray_Dump \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, PyObject *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[89])
+#define PyArray_Dumps \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[90])
+#define PyArray_ValidType \
+        (*(int (*)(int)) \
+    PyArray_API[91])
+#define PyArray_UpdateFlags \
+        (*(void (*)(PyArrayObject *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[92])
+#define PyArray_New \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyTypeObject *, int, npy_intp const *, int, npy_intp const *, void *, int, int, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[93])
+#define PyArray_NewFromDescr \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyTypeObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *, int, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[94])
+#define PyArray_DescrNew \
+        (*(PyArray_Descr * (*)(PyArray_Descr *)) \
+    PyArray_API[95])
+#define PyArray_DescrNewFromType \
+        (*(PyArray_Descr * (*)(int)) \
+    PyArray_API[96])
+#define PyArray_GetPriority \
+        (*(double (*)(PyObject *, double)) \
+    PyArray_API[97])
+#define PyArray_IterNew \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[98])
+#define PyArray_MultiIterNew \
+        (*(PyObject* (*)(int, ...)) \
+    PyArray_API[99])
+#define PyArray_PyIntAsInt \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[100])
+#define PyArray_PyIntAsIntp \
+        (*(npy_intp (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[101])
+#define PyArray_Broadcast \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayMultiIterObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[102])
+#define PyArray_FillObjectArray \
+        (*(void (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[103])
+#define PyArray_FillWithScalar \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[104])
+#define PyArray_CheckStrides \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(int, int, npy_intp, npy_intp, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *)) \
+    PyArray_API[105])
+#define PyArray_DescrNewByteorder \
+        (*(PyArray_Descr * (*)(PyArray_Descr *, char)) \
+    PyArray_API[106])
+#define PyArray_IterAllButAxis \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, int *)) \
+    PyArray_API[107])
+#define PyArray_CheckFromAny \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int, int, int, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[108])
+#define PyArray_FromArray \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[109])
+#define PyArray_FromInterface \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[110])
+#define PyArray_FromStructInterface \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[111])
+#define PyArray_FromArrayAttr \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[112])
+#define PyArray_ScalarKind \
+        (*(NPY_SCALARKIND (*)(int, PyArrayObject **)) \
+    PyArray_API[113])
+#define PyArray_CanCoerceScalar \
+        (*(int (*)(int, int, NPY_SCALARKIND)) \
+    PyArray_API[114])
+#define PyArray_NewFlagsObject \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[115])
+#define PyArray_CanCastScalar \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(PyTypeObject *, PyTypeObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[116])
+#define PyArray_CompareUCS4 \
+        (*(int (*)(npy_ucs4 const *, npy_ucs4 const *, size_t)) \
+    PyArray_API[117])
+#define PyArray_RemoveSmallest \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayMultiIterObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[118])
+#define PyArray_ElementStrides \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[119])
+#define PyArray_Item_INCREF \
+        (*(void (*)(char *, PyArray_Descr *)) \
+    PyArray_API[120])
+#define PyArray_Item_XDECREF \
+        (*(void (*)(char *, PyArray_Descr *)) \
+    PyArray_API[121])
+#define PyArray_FieldNames \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[122])
+#define PyArray_Transpose \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Dims *)) \
+    PyArray_API[123])
+#define PyArray_TakeFrom \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, int, PyArrayObject *, NPY_CLIPMODE)) \
+    PyArray_API[124])
+#define PyArray_PutTo \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject*, PyObject *, NPY_CLIPMODE)) \
+    PyArray_API[125])
+#define PyArray_PutMask \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject*, PyObject*)) \
+    PyArray_API[126])
+#define PyArray_Repeat \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[127])
+#define PyArray_Choose \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, PyArrayObject *, NPY_CLIPMODE)) \
+    PyArray_API[128])
+#define PyArray_Sort \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, NPY_SORTKIND)) \
+    PyArray_API[129])
+#define PyArray_ArgSort \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, NPY_SORTKIND)) \
+    PyArray_API[130])
+#define PyArray_SearchSorted \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, NPY_SEARCHSIDE, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[131])
+#define PyArray_ArgMax \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[132])
+#define PyArray_ArgMin \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[133])
+#define PyArray_Reshape \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[134])
+#define PyArray_Newshape \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Dims *, NPY_ORDER)) \
+    PyArray_API[135])
+#define PyArray_Squeeze \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[136])
+#define PyArray_View \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, PyTypeObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[137])
+#define PyArray_SwapAxes \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[138])
+#define PyArray_Max \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[139])
+#define PyArray_Min \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[140])
+#define PyArray_Ptp \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[141])
+#define PyArray_Mean \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[142])
+#define PyArray_Trace \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, int, int, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[143])
+#define PyArray_Diagonal \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, int, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[144])
+#define PyArray_Clip \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[145])
+#define PyArray_Conjugate \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[146])
+#define PyArray_Nonzero \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[147])
+#define PyArray_Std \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[148])
+#define PyArray_Sum \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[149])
+#define PyArray_CumSum \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[150])
+#define PyArray_Prod \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[151])
+#define PyArray_CumProd \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[152])
+#define PyArray_All \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[153])
+#define PyArray_Any \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[154])
+#define PyArray_Compress \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[155])
+#define PyArray_Flatten \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, NPY_ORDER)) \
+    PyArray_API[156])
+#define PyArray_Ravel \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, NPY_ORDER)) \
+    PyArray_API[157])
+#define PyArray_MultiplyList \
+        (*(npy_intp (*)(npy_intp const *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[158])
+#define PyArray_MultiplyIntList \
+        (*(int (*)(int const *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[159])
+#define PyArray_GetPtr \
+        (*(void * (*)(PyArrayObject *, npy_intp const*)) \
+    PyArray_API[160])
+#define PyArray_CompareLists \
+        (*(int (*)(npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[161])
+#define PyArray_AsCArray \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject **, void *, npy_intp *, int, PyArray_Descr*)) \
+    PyArray_API[162])
+#define PyArray_As1D \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject **NPY_UNUSED(op), char **NPY_UNUSED(ptr), int *NPY_UNUSED(d1), int NPY_UNUSED(typecode))) \
+    PyArray_API[163])
+#define PyArray_As2D \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject **NPY_UNUSED(op), char ***NPY_UNUSED(ptr), int *NPY_UNUSED(d1), int *NPY_UNUSED(d2), int NPY_UNUSED(typecode))) \
+    PyArray_API[164])
+#define PyArray_Free \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, void *)) \
+    PyArray_API[165])
+#define PyArray_Converter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, PyObject **)) \
+    PyArray_API[166])
+#define PyArray_IntpFromSequence \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, npy_intp *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[167])
+#define PyArray_Concatenate \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[168])
+#define PyArray_InnerProduct \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[169])
+#define PyArray_MatrixProduct \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[170])
+#define PyArray_CopyAndTranspose \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[171])
+#define PyArray_Correlate \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyObject *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[172])
+#define PyArray_TypestrConvert \
+        (*(int (*)(int, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[173])
+#define PyArray_DescrConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr **)) \
+    PyArray_API[174])
+#define PyArray_DescrConverter2 \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr **)) \
+    PyArray_API[175])
+#define PyArray_IntpConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Dims *)) \
+    PyArray_API[176])
+#define PyArray_BufferConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Chunk *)) \
+    PyArray_API[177])
+#define PyArray_AxisConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, int *)) \
+    PyArray_API[178])
+#define PyArray_BoolConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, npy_bool *)) \
+    PyArray_API[179])
+#define PyArray_ByteorderConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, char *)) \
+    PyArray_API[180])
+#define PyArray_OrderConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, NPY_ORDER *)) \
+    PyArray_API[181])
+#define PyArray_EquivTypes \
+        (*(unsigned char (*)(PyArray_Descr *, PyArray_Descr *)) \
+    PyArray_API[182])
+#define PyArray_Zeros \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(int, npy_intp const *, PyArray_Descr *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[183])
+#define PyArray_Empty \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(int, npy_intp const *, PyArray_Descr *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[184])
+#define PyArray_Where \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[185])
+#define PyArray_Arange \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(double, double, double, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[186])
+#define PyArray_ArangeObj \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *, PyArray_Descr *)) \
+    PyArray_API[187])
+#define PyArray_SortkindConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, NPY_SORTKIND *)) \
+    PyArray_API[188])
+#define PyArray_LexSort \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[189])
+#define PyArray_Round \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[190])
+#define PyArray_EquivTypenums \
+        (*(unsigned char (*)(int, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[191])
+#define PyArray_RegisterDataType \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArray_Descr *)) \
+    PyArray_API[192])
+#define PyArray_RegisterCastFunc \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArray_Descr *, int, PyArray_VectorUnaryFunc *)) \
+    PyArray_API[193])
+#define PyArray_RegisterCanCast \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArray_Descr *, int, NPY_SCALARKIND)) \
+    PyArray_API[194])
+#define PyArray_InitArrFuncs \
+        (*(void (*)(PyArray_ArrFuncs *)) \
+    PyArray_API[195])
+#define PyArray_IntTupleFromIntp \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(int, npy_intp const *)) \
+    PyArray_API[196])
+#define PyArray_TypeNumFromName \
+        (*(int (*)(char const *)) \
+    PyArray_API[197])
+#define PyArray_ClipmodeConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, NPY_CLIPMODE *)) \
+    PyArray_API[198])
+#define PyArray_OutputConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, PyArrayObject **)) \
+    PyArray_API[199])
+#define PyArray_BroadcastToShape \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, npy_intp *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[200])
+#define _PyArray_SigintHandler \
+        (*(void (*)(int)) \
+    PyArray_API[201])
+#define _PyArray_GetSigintBuf \
+        (*(void* (*)(void)) \
+    PyArray_API[202])
+#define PyArray_DescrAlignConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr **)) \
+    PyArray_API[203])
+#define PyArray_DescrAlignConverter2 \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, PyArray_Descr **)) \
+    PyArray_API[204])
+#define PyArray_SearchsideConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, void *)) \
+    PyArray_API[205])
+#define PyArray_CheckAxis \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, int *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[206])
+#define PyArray_OverflowMultiplyList \
+        (*(npy_intp (*)(npy_intp const *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[207])
+#define PyArray_CompareString \
+        (*(int (*)(const char *, const char *, size_t)) \
+    PyArray_API[208])
+#define PyArray_MultiIterFromObjects \
+        (*(PyObject* (*)(PyObject **, int, int, ...)) \
+    PyArray_API[209])
+#define PyArray_GetEndianness \
+        (*(int (*)(void)) \
+    PyArray_API[210])
+#define PyArray_GetNDArrayCFeatureVersion \
+        (*(unsigned int (*)(void)) \
+    PyArray_API[211])
+#define PyArray_Correlate2 \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyObject *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[212])
+#define PyArray_NeighborhoodIterNew \
+        (*(PyObject* (*)(PyArrayIterObject *, const npy_intp *, int, PyArrayObject*)) \
+    PyArray_API[213])
+#define PyTimeIntegerArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[214])
+#define PyDatetimeArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[215])
+#define PyTimedeltaArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[216])
+#define PyHalfArrType_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[217])
+#define NpyIter_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyArray_API[218])
+#define PyArray_SetDatetimeParseFunction \
+        (*(void (*)(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(op))) \
+    PyArray_API[219])
+#define PyArray_DatetimeToDatetimeStruct \
+        (*(void (*)(npy_datetime NPY_UNUSED(val), NPY_DATETIMEUNIT NPY_UNUSED(fr), npy_datetimestruct *)) \
+    PyArray_API[220])
+#define PyArray_TimedeltaToTimedeltaStruct \
+        (*(void (*)(npy_timedelta NPY_UNUSED(val), NPY_DATETIMEUNIT NPY_UNUSED(fr), npy_timedeltastruct *)) \
+    PyArray_API[221])
+#define PyArray_DatetimeStructToDatetime \
+        (*(npy_datetime (*)(NPY_DATETIMEUNIT NPY_UNUSED(fr), npy_datetimestruct *NPY_UNUSED(d))) \
+    PyArray_API[222])
+#define PyArray_TimedeltaStructToTimedelta \
+        (*(npy_datetime (*)(NPY_DATETIMEUNIT NPY_UNUSED(fr), npy_timedeltastruct *NPY_UNUSED(d))) \
+    PyArray_API[223])
+#define NpyIter_New \
+        (*(NpyIter * (*)(PyArrayObject *, npy_uint32, NPY_ORDER, NPY_CASTING, PyArray_Descr*)) \
+    PyArray_API[224])
+#define NpyIter_MultiNew \
+        (*(NpyIter * (*)(int, PyArrayObject **, npy_uint32, NPY_ORDER, NPY_CASTING, npy_uint32 *, PyArray_Descr **)) \
+    PyArray_API[225])
+#define NpyIter_AdvancedNew \
+        (*(NpyIter * (*)(int, PyArrayObject **, npy_uint32, NPY_ORDER, NPY_CASTING, npy_uint32 *, PyArray_Descr **, int, int **, npy_intp *, npy_intp)) \
+    PyArray_API[226])
+#define NpyIter_Copy \
+        (*(NpyIter * (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[227])
+#define NpyIter_Deallocate \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[228])
+#define NpyIter_HasDelayedBufAlloc \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[229])
+#define NpyIter_HasExternalLoop \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[230])
+#define NpyIter_EnableExternalLoop \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[231])
+#define NpyIter_GetInnerStrideArray \
+        (*(npy_intp * (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[232])
+#define NpyIter_GetInnerLoopSizePtr \
+        (*(npy_intp * (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[233])
+#define NpyIter_Reset \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *, char **)) \
+    PyArray_API[234])
+#define NpyIter_ResetBasePointers \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *, char **, char **)) \
+    PyArray_API[235])
+#define NpyIter_ResetToIterIndexRange \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *, npy_intp, npy_intp, char **)) \
+    PyArray_API[236])
+#define NpyIter_GetNDim \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[237])
+#define NpyIter_GetNOp \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[238])
+#define NpyIter_GetIterNext \
+        (*(NpyIter_IterNextFunc * (*)(NpyIter *, char **)) \
+    PyArray_API[239])
+#define NpyIter_GetIterSize \
+        (*(npy_intp (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[240])
+#define NpyIter_GetIterIndexRange \
+        (*(void (*)(NpyIter *, npy_intp *, npy_intp *)) \
+    PyArray_API[241])
+#define NpyIter_GetIterIndex \
+        (*(npy_intp (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[242])
+#define NpyIter_GotoIterIndex \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *, npy_intp)) \
+    PyArray_API[243])
+#define NpyIter_HasMultiIndex \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[244])
+#define NpyIter_GetShape \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *, npy_intp *)) \
+    PyArray_API[245])
+#define NpyIter_GetGetMultiIndex \
+        (*(NpyIter_GetMultiIndexFunc * (*)(NpyIter *, char **)) \
+    PyArray_API[246])
+#define NpyIter_GotoMultiIndex \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *, npy_intp const *)) \
+    PyArray_API[247])
+#define NpyIter_RemoveMultiIndex \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[248])
+#define NpyIter_HasIndex \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[249])
+#define NpyIter_IsBuffered \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[250])
+#define NpyIter_IsGrowInner \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[251])
+#define NpyIter_GetBufferSize \
+        (*(npy_intp (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[252])
+#define NpyIter_GetIndexPtr \
+        (*(npy_intp * (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[253])
+#define NpyIter_GotoIndex \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *, npy_intp)) \
+    PyArray_API[254])
+#define NpyIter_GetDataPtrArray \
+        (*(char ** (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[255])
+#define NpyIter_GetDescrArray \
+        (*(PyArray_Descr ** (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[256])
+#define NpyIter_GetOperandArray \
+        (*(PyArrayObject ** (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[257])
+#define NpyIter_GetIterView \
+        (*(PyArrayObject * (*)(NpyIter *, npy_intp)) \
+    PyArray_API[258])
+#define NpyIter_GetReadFlags \
+        (*(void (*)(NpyIter *, char *)) \
+    PyArray_API[259])
+#define NpyIter_GetWriteFlags \
+        (*(void (*)(NpyIter *, char *)) \
+    PyArray_API[260])
+#define NpyIter_DebugPrint \
+        (*(void (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[261])
+#define NpyIter_IterationNeedsAPI \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[262])
+#define NpyIter_GetInnerFixedStrideArray \
+        (*(void (*)(NpyIter *, npy_intp *)) \
+    PyArray_API[263])
+#define NpyIter_RemoveAxis \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[264])
+#define NpyIter_GetAxisStrideArray \
+        (*(npy_intp * (*)(NpyIter *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[265])
+#define NpyIter_RequiresBuffering \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[266])
+#define NpyIter_GetInitialDataPtrArray \
+        (*(char ** (*)(NpyIter *)) \
+    PyArray_API[267])
+#define NpyIter_CreateCompatibleStrides \
+        (*(int (*)(NpyIter *, npy_intp, npy_intp *)) \
+    PyArray_API[268])
+#define PyArray_CastingConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, NPY_CASTING *)) \
+    PyArray_API[269])
+#define PyArray_CountNonzero \
+        (*(npy_intp (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[270])
+#define PyArray_PromoteTypes \
+        (*(PyArray_Descr * (*)(PyArray_Descr *, PyArray_Descr *)) \
+    PyArray_API[271])
+#define PyArray_MinScalarType \
+        (*(PyArray_Descr * (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[272])
+#define PyArray_ResultType \
+        (*(PyArray_Descr * (*)(npy_intp, PyArrayObject *arrs[], npy_intp, PyArray_Descr *descrs[])) \
+    PyArray_API[273])
+#define PyArray_CanCastArrayTo \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArray_Descr *, NPY_CASTING)) \
+    PyArray_API[274])
+#define PyArray_CanCastTypeTo \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(PyArray_Descr *, PyArray_Descr *, NPY_CASTING)) \
+    PyArray_API[275])
+#define PyArray_EinsteinSum \
+        (*(PyArrayObject * (*)(char *, npy_intp, PyArrayObject **, PyArray_Descr *, NPY_ORDER, NPY_CASTING, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[276])
+#define PyArray_NewLikeArray \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, NPY_ORDER, PyArray_Descr *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[277])
+#define PyArray_GetArrayParamsFromObject \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(op), PyArray_Descr *NPY_UNUSED(requested_dtype), npy_bool NPY_UNUSED(writeable), PyArray_Descr **NPY_UNUSED(out_dtype), int *NPY_UNUSED(out_ndim), npy_intp *NPY_UNUSED(out_dims), PyArrayObject **NPY_UNUSED(out_arr), PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(context))) \
+    PyArray_API[278])
+#define PyArray_ConvertClipmodeSequence \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, NPY_CLIPMODE *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[279])
+#define PyArray_MatrixProduct2 \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyArrayObject*)) \
+    PyArray_API[280])
+#define NpyIter_IsFirstVisit \
+        (*(npy_bool (*)(NpyIter *, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[281])
+#define PyArray_SetBaseObject \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[282])
+#define PyArray_CreateSortedStridePerm \
+        (*(void (*)(int, npy_intp const *, npy_stride_sort_item *)) \
+    PyArray_API[283])
+#define PyArray_RemoveAxesInPlace \
+        (*(void (*)(PyArrayObject *, const npy_bool *)) \
+    PyArray_API[284])
+#define PyArray_DebugPrint \
+        (*(void (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[285])
+#define PyArray_FailUnlessWriteable \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, const char *)) \
+    PyArray_API[286])
+#define PyArray_SetUpdateIfCopyBase \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[287])
+#define PyDataMem_NEW \
+        (*(void * (*)(size_t)) \
+    PyArray_API[288])
+#define PyDataMem_FREE \
+        (*(void (*)(void *)) \
+    PyArray_API[289])
+#define PyDataMem_RENEW \
+        (*(void * (*)(void *, size_t)) \
+    PyArray_API[290])
+#define PyDataMem_SetEventHook \
+        (*(PyDataMem_EventHookFunc * (*)(PyDataMem_EventHookFunc *, void *, void **)) \
+    PyArray_API[291])
+#define NPY_DEFAULT_ASSIGN_CASTING (*(NPY_CASTING *)PyArray_API[292])
+#define PyArray_MapIterSwapAxes \
+        (*(void (*)(PyArrayMapIterObject *, PyArrayObject **, int)) \
+    PyArray_API[293])
+#define PyArray_MapIterArray \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[294])
+#define PyArray_MapIterNext \
+        (*(void (*)(PyArrayMapIterObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[295])
+#define PyArray_Partition \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *, int, NPY_SELECTKIND)) \
+    PyArray_API[296])
+#define PyArray_ArgPartition \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *, int, NPY_SELECTKIND)) \
+    PyArray_API[297])
+#define PyArray_SelectkindConverter \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *, NPY_SELECTKIND *)) \
+    PyArray_API[298])
+#define PyDataMem_NEW_ZEROED \
+        (*(void * (*)(size_t, size_t)) \
+    PyArray_API[299])
+#define PyArray_CheckAnyScalarExact \
+        (*(int (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[300])
+#define PyArray_MapIterArrayCopyIfOverlap \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *, int, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[301])
+#define PyArray_ResolveWritebackIfCopy \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[302])
+#define PyArray_SetWritebackIfCopyBase \
+        (*(int (*)(PyArrayObject *, PyArrayObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[303])
+
+#if NPY_FEATURE_VERSION >= NPY_1_22_API_VERSION
+#define PyDataMem_SetHandler \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyObject *)) \
+    PyArray_API[304])
+#endif
+
+#if NPY_FEATURE_VERSION >= NPY_1_22_API_VERSION
+#define PyDataMem_GetHandler \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(void)) \
+    PyArray_API[305])
+#endif
+#define PyDataMem_DefaultHandler (*(PyObject* *)PyArray_API[306])
+
+#if !defined(NO_IMPORT_ARRAY) && !defined(NO_IMPORT)
+static int
+_import_array(void)
+{
+  int st;
+  PyObject *numpy = PyImport_ImportModule("numpy.core._multiarray_umath");
+  PyObject *c_api = NULL;
+
+  if (numpy == NULL) {
+      return -1;
+  }
+  c_api = PyObject_GetAttrString(numpy, "_ARRAY_API");
+  Py_DECREF(numpy);
+  if (c_api == NULL) {
+      return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (!PyCapsule_CheckExact(c_api)) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "_ARRAY_API is not PyCapsule object");
+      Py_DECREF(c_api);
+      return -1;
+  }
+  PyArray_API = (void **)PyCapsule_GetPointer(c_api, NULL);
+  Py_DECREF(c_api);
+  if (PyArray_API == NULL) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "_ARRAY_API is NULL pointer");
+      return -1;
+  }
+
+  /* Perform runtime check of C API version */
+  if (NPY_VERSION != PyArray_GetNDArrayCVersion()) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "module compiled against "\
+             "ABI version 0x%x but this version of numpy is 0x%x", \
+             (int) NPY_VERSION, (int) PyArray_GetNDArrayCVersion());
+      return -1;
+  }
+  if (NPY_FEATURE_VERSION > PyArray_GetNDArrayCFeatureVersion()) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "module compiled against "\
+             "API version 0x%x but this version of numpy is 0x%x . "\
+             "Check the section C-API incompatibility at the "\
+             "Troubleshooting ImportError section at "\
+             "https://numpy.org/devdocs/user/troubleshooting-importerror.html"\
+             "#c-api-incompatibility "\
+              "for indications on how to solve this problem .", \
+             (int) NPY_FEATURE_VERSION, (int) PyArray_GetNDArrayCFeatureVersion());
+      return -1;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Perform runtime check of endianness and check it matches the one set by
+   * the headers (npy_endian.h) as a safeguard
+   */
+  st = PyArray_GetEndianness();
+  if (st == NPY_CPU_UNKNOWN_ENDIAN) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                      "FATAL: module compiled as unknown endian");
+      return -1;
+  }
+#if NPY_BYTE_ORDER == NPY_BIG_ENDIAN
+  if (st != NPY_CPU_BIG) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                      "FATAL: module compiled as big endian, but "
+                      "detected different endianness at runtime");
+      return -1;
+  }
+#elif NPY_BYTE_ORDER == NPY_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+  if (st != NPY_CPU_LITTLE) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                      "FATAL: module compiled as little endian, but "
+                      "detected different endianness at runtime");
+      return -1;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#define import_array() {if (_import_array() < 0) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "numpy.core.multiarray failed to import"); return NULL; } }
+
+#define import_array1(ret) {if (_import_array() < 0) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "numpy.core.multiarray failed to import"); return ret; } }
+
+#define import_array2(msg, ret) {if (_import_array() < 0) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, msg); return ret; } }
+
+#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/__ufunc_api.c b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/__ufunc_api.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1b4a87bb6a0f18a3fcb14542f597921acc0ab2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/__ufunc_api.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+
+/* These pointers will be stored in the C-object for use in other
+    extension modules
+*/
+
+void *PyUFunc_API[] = {
+        (void *) &PyUFunc_Type,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_FromFuncAndData,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_RegisterLoopForType,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_GenericFunction,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_f_f_As_d_d,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_d_d,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_f_f,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_g_g,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_F_F_As_D_D,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_F_F,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_D_D,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_G_G,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_O_O,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_ff_f_As_dd_d,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_ff_f,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_dd_d,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_gg_g,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_FF_F_As_DD_D,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_DD_D,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_FF_F,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_GG_G,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_OO_O,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_O_O_method,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_OO_O_method,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_On_Om,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_GetPyValues,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_checkfperr,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_clearfperr,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_getfperr,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_handlefperr,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_ReplaceLoopBySignature,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_FromFuncAndDataAndSignature,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_SetUsesArraysAsData,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_e_e,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_e_e_As_f_f,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_e_e_As_d_d,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_ee_e,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_ee_e_As_ff_f,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_ee_e_As_dd_d,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_DefaultTypeResolver,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_ValidateCasting,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_RegisterLoopForDescr,
+        (void *) PyUFunc_FromFuncAndDataAndSignatureAndIdentity
+};
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/__ufunc_api.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/__ufunc_api.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2efe29e8635f6b75d888a107804ec49ad025f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/__ufunc_api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+
+#ifdef _UMATHMODULE
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyUFunc_Type;
+
+extern NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyUFunc_Type;
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyUFunc_FromFuncAndData \
+       (PyUFuncGenericFunction *, void **, char *, int, int, int, int, const char *, const char *, int);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyUFunc_RegisterLoopForType \
+       (PyUFuncObject *, int, PyUFuncGenericFunction, const int *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyUFunc_GenericFunction \
+       (PyUFuncObject *NPY_UNUSED(ufunc), PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(args), PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(kwds), PyArrayObject **NPY_UNUSED(op));
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_f_f_As_d_d \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_d_d \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_f_f \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_g_g \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_F_F_As_D_D \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_F_F \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_D_D \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_G_G \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_O_O \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_ff_f_As_dd_d \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_ff_f \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_dd_d \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_gg_g \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_FF_F_As_DD_D \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_DD_D \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_FF_F \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_GG_G \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_OO_O \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_O_O_method \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_OO_O_method \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_On_Om \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyUFunc_GetPyValues \
+       (char *, int *, int *, PyObject **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyUFunc_checkfperr \
+       (int, PyObject *, int *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_clearfperr \
+       (void);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyUFunc_getfperr \
+       (void);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyUFunc_handlefperr \
+       (int, PyObject *, int, int *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyUFunc_ReplaceLoopBySignature \
+       (PyUFuncObject *, PyUFuncGenericFunction, const int *, PyUFuncGenericFunction *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyUFunc_FromFuncAndDataAndSignature \
+       (PyUFuncGenericFunction *, void **, char *, int, int, int, int, const char *, const char *, int, const char *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyUFunc_SetUsesArraysAsData \
+       (void **NPY_UNUSED(data), size_t NPY_UNUSED(i));
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_e_e \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_e_e_As_f_f \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_e_e_As_d_d \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_ee_e \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_ee_e_As_ff_f \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  void PyUFunc_ee_e_As_dd_d \
+       (char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyUFunc_DefaultTypeResolver \
+       (PyUFuncObject *, NPY_CASTING, PyArrayObject **, PyObject *, PyArray_Descr **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyUFunc_ValidateCasting \
+       (PyUFuncObject *, NPY_CASTING, PyArrayObject **, PyArray_Descr **);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  int PyUFunc_RegisterLoopForDescr \
+       (PyUFuncObject *, PyArray_Descr *, PyUFuncGenericFunction, PyArray_Descr **, void *);
+NPY_NO_EXPORT  PyObject * PyUFunc_FromFuncAndDataAndSignatureAndIdentity \
+       (PyUFuncGenericFunction *, void **, char *, int, int, int, int, const char *, const char *, const int, const char *, PyObject *);
+
+#else
+
+#if defined(PY_UFUNC_UNIQUE_SYMBOL)
+#define PyUFunc_API PY_UFUNC_UNIQUE_SYMBOL
+#endif
+
+#if defined(NO_IMPORT) || defined(NO_IMPORT_UFUNC)
+extern void **PyUFunc_API;
+#else
+#if defined(PY_UFUNC_UNIQUE_SYMBOL)
+void **PyUFunc_API;
+#else
+static void **PyUFunc_API=NULL;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define PyUFunc_Type (*(PyTypeObject *)PyUFunc_API[0])
+#define PyUFunc_FromFuncAndData \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyUFuncGenericFunction *, void **, char *, int, int, int, int, const char *, const char *, int)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[1])
+#define PyUFunc_RegisterLoopForType \
+        (*(int (*)(PyUFuncObject *, int, PyUFuncGenericFunction, const int *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[2])
+#define PyUFunc_GenericFunction \
+        (*(int (*)(PyUFuncObject *NPY_UNUSED(ufunc), PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(args), PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(kwds), PyArrayObject **NPY_UNUSED(op))) \
+    PyUFunc_API[3])
+#define PyUFunc_f_f_As_d_d \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[4])
+#define PyUFunc_d_d \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[5])
+#define PyUFunc_f_f \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[6])
+#define PyUFunc_g_g \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[7])
+#define PyUFunc_F_F_As_D_D \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[8])
+#define PyUFunc_F_F \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[9])
+#define PyUFunc_D_D \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[10])
+#define PyUFunc_G_G \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[11])
+#define PyUFunc_O_O \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[12])
+#define PyUFunc_ff_f_As_dd_d \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[13])
+#define PyUFunc_ff_f \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[14])
+#define PyUFunc_dd_d \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[15])
+#define PyUFunc_gg_g \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[16])
+#define PyUFunc_FF_F_As_DD_D \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[17])
+#define PyUFunc_DD_D \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[18])
+#define PyUFunc_FF_F \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[19])
+#define PyUFunc_GG_G \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[20])
+#define PyUFunc_OO_O \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[21])
+#define PyUFunc_O_O_method \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[22])
+#define PyUFunc_OO_O_method \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[23])
+#define PyUFunc_On_Om \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[24])
+#define PyUFunc_GetPyValues \
+        (*(int (*)(char *, int *, int *, PyObject **)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[25])
+#define PyUFunc_checkfperr \
+        (*(int (*)(int, PyObject *, int *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[26])
+#define PyUFunc_clearfperr \
+        (*(void (*)(void)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[27])
+#define PyUFunc_getfperr \
+        (*(int (*)(void)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[28])
+#define PyUFunc_handlefperr \
+        (*(int (*)(int, PyObject *, int, int *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[29])
+#define PyUFunc_ReplaceLoopBySignature \
+        (*(int (*)(PyUFuncObject *, PyUFuncGenericFunction, const int *, PyUFuncGenericFunction *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[30])
+#define PyUFunc_FromFuncAndDataAndSignature \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyUFuncGenericFunction *, void **, char *, int, int, int, int, const char *, const char *, int, const char *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[31])
+#define PyUFunc_SetUsesArraysAsData \
+        (*(int (*)(void **NPY_UNUSED(data), size_t NPY_UNUSED(i))) \
+    PyUFunc_API[32])
+#define PyUFunc_e_e \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[33])
+#define PyUFunc_e_e_As_f_f \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[34])
+#define PyUFunc_e_e_As_d_d \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[35])
+#define PyUFunc_ee_e \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[36])
+#define PyUFunc_ee_e_As_ff_f \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[37])
+#define PyUFunc_ee_e_As_dd_d \
+        (*(void (*)(char **, npy_intp const *, npy_intp const *, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[38])
+#define PyUFunc_DefaultTypeResolver \
+        (*(int (*)(PyUFuncObject *, NPY_CASTING, PyArrayObject **, PyObject *, PyArray_Descr **)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[39])
+#define PyUFunc_ValidateCasting \
+        (*(int (*)(PyUFuncObject *, NPY_CASTING, PyArrayObject **, PyArray_Descr **)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[40])
+#define PyUFunc_RegisterLoopForDescr \
+        (*(int (*)(PyUFuncObject *, PyArray_Descr *, PyUFuncGenericFunction, PyArray_Descr **, void *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[41])
+
+#if NPY_FEATURE_VERSION >= NPY_1_16_API_VERSION
+#define PyUFunc_FromFuncAndDataAndSignatureAndIdentity \
+        (*(PyObject * (*)(PyUFuncGenericFunction *, void **, char *, int, int, int, int, const char *, const char *, const int, const char *, PyObject *)) \
+    PyUFunc_API[42])
+#endif
+
+static inline int
+_import_umath(void)
+{
+  PyObject *numpy = PyImport_ImportModule("numpy.core._multiarray_umath");
+  PyObject *c_api = NULL;
+
+  if (numpy == NULL) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError,
+                      "numpy.core._multiarray_umath failed to import");
+      return -1;
+  }
+  c_api = PyObject_GetAttrString(numpy, "_UFUNC_API");
+  Py_DECREF(numpy);
+  if (c_api == NULL) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, "_UFUNC_API not found");
+      return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (!PyCapsule_CheckExact(c_api)) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "_UFUNC_API is not PyCapsule object");
+      Py_DECREF(c_api);
+      return -1;
+  }
+  PyUFunc_API = (void **)PyCapsule_GetPointer(c_api, NULL);
+  Py_DECREF(c_api);
+  if (PyUFunc_API == NULL) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "_UFUNC_API is NULL pointer");
+      return -1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#define import_umath() \
+    do {\
+        UFUNC_NOFPE\
+        if (_import_umath() < 0) {\
+            PyErr_Print();\
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError,\
+                    "numpy.core.umath failed to import");\
+            return NULL;\
+        }\
+    } while(0)
+
+#define import_umath1(ret) \
+    do {\
+        UFUNC_NOFPE\
+        if (_import_umath() < 0) {\
+            PyErr_Print();\
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError,\
+                    "numpy.core.umath failed to import");\
+            return ret;\
+        }\
+    } while(0)
+
+#define import_umath2(ret, msg) \
+    do {\
+        UFUNC_NOFPE\
+        if (_import_umath() < 0) {\
+            PyErr_Print();\
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, msg);\
+            return ret;\
+        }\
+    } while(0)
+
+#define import_ufunc() \
+    do {\
+        UFUNC_NOFPE\
+        if (_import_umath() < 0) {\
+            PyErr_Print();\
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError,\
+                    "numpy.core.umath failed to import");\
+        }\
+    } while(0)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/_dtype_api.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/_dtype_api.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39fbc500b0f2e04bbd5ff1f2d194375ebc6b511b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/_dtype_api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+/*
+ * DType related API shared by the (experimental) public API And internal API.
+ */
+
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY___DTYPE_API_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY___DTYPE_API_H_
+
+#define __EXPERIMENTAL_DTYPE_API_VERSION 11
+
+struct PyArrayMethodObject_tag;
+
+/*
+ * Largely opaque struct for DType classes (i.e. metaclass instances).
+ * The internal definition is currently in `ndarraytypes.h` (export is a bit
+ * more complex because `PyArray_Descr` is a DTypeMeta internally but not
+ * externally).
+ */
+#if !(defined(NPY_INTERNAL_BUILD) && NPY_INTERNAL_BUILD)
+
+    typedef struct PyArray_DTypeMeta_tag {
+        PyHeapTypeObject super;
+
+        /*
+        * Most DTypes will have a singleton default instance, for the
+        * parametric legacy DTypes (bytes, string, void, datetime) this
+        * may be a pointer to the *prototype* instance?
+        */
+        PyArray_Descr *singleton;
+        /* Copy of the legacy DTypes type number, usually invalid. */
+        int type_num;
+
+        /* The type object of the scalar instances (may be NULL?) */
+        PyTypeObject *scalar_type;
+        /*
+        * DType flags to signal legacy, parametric, or
+        * abstract.  But plenty of space for additional information/flags.
+        */
+        npy_uint64 flags;
+
+        /*
+        * Use indirection in order to allow a fixed size for this struct.
+        * A stable ABI size makes creating a static DType less painful
+        * while also ensuring flexibility for all opaque API (with one
+        * indirection due the pointer lookup).
+        */
+        void *dt_slots;
+        /* Allow growing (at the moment also beyond this) */
+        void *reserved[3];
+    } PyArray_DTypeMeta;
+
+#endif  /* not internal build */
+
+/*
+ * ******************************************************
+ *         ArrayMethod API (Casting and UFuncs)
+ * ******************************************************
+ */
+/*
+ * NOTE: Expected changes:
+ *       * probably split runtime and general flags into two
+ *       * should possibly not use an enum for typedef for more stable ABI?
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    /* Flag for whether the GIL is required */
+    NPY_METH_REQUIRES_PYAPI = 1 << 0,
+    /*
+     * Some functions cannot set floating point error flags, this flag
+     * gives us the option (not requirement) to skip floating point error
+     * setup/check. No function should set error flags and ignore them
+     * since it would interfere with chaining operations (e.g. casting).
+     */
+    NPY_METH_NO_FLOATINGPOINT_ERRORS = 1 << 1,
+    /* Whether the method supports unaligned access (not runtime) */
+    NPY_METH_SUPPORTS_UNALIGNED = 1 << 2,
+    /*
+     * Used for reductions to allow reordering the operation.  At this point
+     * assume that if set, it also applies to normal operations though!
+     */
+    NPY_METH_IS_REORDERABLE = 1 << 3,
+    /*
+     * Private flag for now for *logic* functions.  The logical functions
+     * `logical_or` and `logical_and` can always cast the inputs to booleans
+     * "safely" (because that is how the cast to bool is defined).
+     * @seberg: I am not sure this is the best way to handle this, so its
+     * private for now (also it is very limited anyway).
+     * There is one "exception". NA aware dtypes cannot cast to bool
+     * (hopefully), so the `??->?` loop should error even with this flag.
+     * But a second NA fallback loop will be necessary.
+     */
+    _NPY_METH_FORCE_CAST_INPUTS = 1 << 17,
+
+    /* All flags which can change at runtime */
+    NPY_METH_RUNTIME_FLAGS = (
+            NPY_METH_REQUIRES_PYAPI |
+            NPY_METH_NO_FLOATINGPOINT_ERRORS),
+} NPY_ARRAYMETHOD_FLAGS;
+
+
+typedef struct PyArrayMethod_Context_tag {
+    /* The caller, which is typically the original ufunc.  May be NULL */
+    PyObject *caller;
+    /* The method "self".  Publically currentl an opaque object. */
+    struct PyArrayMethodObject_tag *method;
+
+    /* Operand descriptors, filled in by resolve_descriptors */
+    PyArray_Descr **descriptors;
+    /* Structure may grow (this is harmless for DType authors) */
+} PyArrayMethod_Context;
+
+
+/*
+ * The main object for creating a new ArrayMethod. We use the typical `slots`
+ * mechanism used by the Python limited API (see below for the slot defs).
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    const char *name;
+    int nin, nout;
+    NPY_CASTING casting;
+    NPY_ARRAYMETHOD_FLAGS flags;
+    PyArray_DTypeMeta **dtypes;
+    PyType_Slot *slots;
+} PyArrayMethod_Spec;
+
+
+/*
+ * ArrayMethod slots
+ * -----------------
+ *
+ * SLOTS IDs For the ArrayMethod creation, once fully public, IDs are fixed
+ * but can be deprecated and arbitrarily extended.
+ */
+#define NPY_METH_resolve_descriptors 1
+/* We may want to adapt the `get_loop` signature a bit: */
+#define _NPY_METH_get_loop 2
+#define NPY_METH_get_reduction_initial 3
+/* specific loops for constructions/default get_loop: */
+#define NPY_METH_strided_loop 4
+#define NPY_METH_contiguous_loop 5
+#define NPY_METH_unaligned_strided_loop 6
+#define NPY_METH_unaligned_contiguous_loop 7
+#define NPY_METH_contiguous_indexed_loop 8
+
+/*
+ * The resolve descriptors function, must be able to handle NULL values for
+ * all output (but not input) `given_descrs` and fill `loop_descrs`.
+ * Return -1 on error or 0 if the operation is not possible without an error
+ * set.  (This may still be in flux.)
+ * Otherwise must return the "casting safety", for normal functions, this is
+ * almost always "safe" (or even "equivalent"?).
+ *
+ * `resolve_descriptors` is optional if all output DTypes are non-parametric.
+ */
+typedef NPY_CASTING (resolve_descriptors_function)(
+        /* "method" is currently opaque (necessary e.g. to wrap Python) */
+        struct PyArrayMethodObject_tag *method,
+        /* DTypes the method was created for */
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta **dtypes,
+        /* Input descriptors (instances).  Outputs may be NULL. */
+        PyArray_Descr **given_descrs,
+        /* Exact loop descriptors to use, must not hold references on error */
+        PyArray_Descr **loop_descrs,
+        npy_intp *view_offset);
+
+
+typedef int (PyArrayMethod_StridedLoop)(PyArrayMethod_Context *context,
+        char *const *data, const npy_intp *dimensions, const npy_intp *strides,
+        NpyAuxData *transferdata);
+
+
+typedef int (get_loop_function)(
+        PyArrayMethod_Context *context,
+        int aligned, int move_references,
+        const npy_intp *strides,
+        PyArrayMethod_StridedLoop **out_loop,
+        NpyAuxData **out_transferdata,
+        NPY_ARRAYMETHOD_FLAGS *flags);
+
+/**
+ * Query an ArrayMethod for the initial value for use in reduction.
+ *
+ * @param context The arraymethod context, mainly to access the descriptors.
+ * @param reduction_is_empty Whether the reduction is empty. When it is, the
+ *     value returned may differ.  In this case it is a "default" value that
+ *     may differ from the "identity" value normally used.  For example:
+ *     - `0.0` is the default for `sum([])`.  But `-0.0` is the correct
+ *       identity otherwise as it preserves the sign for `sum([-0.0])`.
+ *     - We use no identity for object, but return the default of `0` and `1`
+ *       for the empty `sum([], dtype=object)` and `prod([], dtype=object)`.
+ *       This allows `np.sum(np.array(["a", "b"], dtype=object))` to work.
+ *     - `-inf` or `INT_MIN` for `max` is an identity, but at least `INT_MIN`
+ *       not a good *default* when there are no items.
+ * @param initial Pointer to initial data to be filled (if possible)
+ *
+ * @returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating error, no initial value, and initial being
+ *     successfully filled.  Errors must not be given where 0 is correct, NumPy
+ *     may call this even when not strictly necessary.
+ */
+typedef int (get_reduction_initial_function)(
+        PyArrayMethod_Context *context, npy_bool reduction_is_empty,
+        char *initial);
+
+/*
+ * The following functions are only used by the wrapping array method defined
+ * in umath/wrapping_array_method.c
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The function to convert the given descriptors (passed in to
+ * `resolve_descriptors`) and translates them for the wrapped loop.
+ * The new descriptors MUST be viewable with the old ones, `NULL` must be
+ * supported (for outputs) and should normally be forwarded.
+ *
+ * The function must clean up on error.
+ *
+ * NOTE: We currently assume that this translation gives "viewable" results.
+ *       I.e. there is no additional casting related to the wrapping process.
+ *       In principle that could be supported, but not sure it is useful.
+ *       This currently also means that e.g. alignment must apply identically
+ *       to the new dtypes.
+ *
+ * TODO: Due to the fact that `resolve_descriptors` is also used for `can_cast`
+ *       there is no way to "pass out" the result of this function.  This means
+ *       it will be called twice for every ufunc call.
+ *       (I am considering including `auxdata` as an "optional" parameter to
+ *       `resolve_descriptors`, so that it can be filled there if not NULL.)
+ */
+typedef int translate_given_descrs_func(int nin, int nout,
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *wrapped_dtypes[],
+        PyArray_Descr *given_descrs[], PyArray_Descr *new_descrs[]);
+
+/**
+ * The function to convert the actual loop descriptors (as returned by the
+ * original `resolve_descriptors` function) to the ones the output array
+ * should use.
+ * This function must return "viewable" types, it must not mutate them in any
+ * form that would break the inner-loop logic.  Does not need to support NULL.
+ *
+ * The function must clean up on error.
+ *
+ * @param nargs Number of arguments
+ * @param new_dtypes The DTypes of the output (usually probably not needed)
+ * @param given_descrs Original given_descrs to the resolver, necessary to
+ *        fetch any information related to the new dtypes from the original.
+ * @param original_descrs The `loop_descrs` returned by the wrapped loop.
+ * @param loop_descrs The output descriptors, compatible to `original_descrs`.
+ *
+ * @returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+typedef int translate_loop_descrs_func(int nin, int nout,
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *new_dtypes[], PyArray_Descr *given_descrs[],
+        PyArray_Descr *original_descrs[], PyArray_Descr *loop_descrs[]);
+
+
+/*
+ * A traverse loop working on a single array. This is similar to the general
+ * strided-loop function. This is designed for loops that need to visit every
+ * element of a single array.
+ *
+ * Currently this is used for array clearing, via the NPY_DT_get_clear_loop
+ * API hook, and zero-filling, via the NPY_DT_get_fill_zero_loop API hook.
+ * These are most useful for handling arrays storing embedded references to
+ * python objects or heap-allocated data.
+ *
+ * The `void *traverse_context` is passed in because we may need to pass in
+ * Intepreter state or similar in the future, but we don't want to pass in
+ * a full context (with pointers to dtypes, method, caller which all make
+ * no sense for a traverse function).
+ *
+ * We assume for now that this context can be just passed through in the
+ * the future (for structured dtypes).
+ *
+ */
+typedef int (traverse_loop_function)(
+        void *traverse_context, PyArray_Descr *descr, char *data,
+        npy_intp size, npy_intp stride, NpyAuxData *auxdata);
+
+
+/*
+ * Simplified get_loop function specific to dtype traversal
+ *
+ * It should set the flags needed for the traversal loop and set out_loop to the
+ * loop function, which must be a valid traverse_loop_function
+ * pointer. Currently this is used for zero-filling and clearing arrays storing
+ * embedded references.
+ *
+ */
+typedef int (get_traverse_loop_function)(
+        void *traverse_context, PyArray_Descr *descr,
+        int aligned, npy_intp fixed_stride,
+        traverse_loop_function **out_loop, NpyAuxData **out_auxdata,
+        NPY_ARRAYMETHOD_FLAGS *flags);
+
+
+/*
+ * ****************************
+ *          DTYPE API
+ * ****************************
+ */
+
+#define NPY_DT_ABSTRACT 1 << 1
+#define NPY_DT_PARAMETRIC 1 << 2
+#define NPY_DT_NUMERIC 1 << 3
+
+/*
+ * These correspond to slots in the NPY_DType_Slots struct and must
+ * be in the same order as the members of that struct. If new slots
+ * get added or old slots get removed NPY_NUM_DTYPE_SLOTS must also
+ * be updated
+ */
+
+#define NPY_DT_discover_descr_from_pyobject 1
+// this slot is considered private because its API hasn't beed decided
+#define _NPY_DT_is_known_scalar_type 2
+#define NPY_DT_default_descr 3
+#define NPY_DT_common_dtype 4
+#define NPY_DT_common_instance 5
+#define NPY_DT_ensure_canonical 6
+#define NPY_DT_setitem 7
+#define NPY_DT_getitem 8
+#define NPY_DT_get_clear_loop 9
+#define NPY_DT_get_fill_zero_loop 10
+
+// These PyArray_ArrFunc slots will be deprecated and replaced eventually
+// getitem and setitem can be defined as a performance optimization;
+// by default the user dtypes call `legacy_getitem_using_DType` and
+// `legacy_setitem_using_DType`, respectively. This functionality is
+// only supported for basic NumPy DTypes.
+
+
+// used to separate dtype slots from arrfuncs slots
+// intended only for internal use but defined here for clarity
+#define _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET (1 << 10)
+
+// Cast is disabled
+// #define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_cast 0 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_getitem 1 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_setitem 2 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_copyswapn 3 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_copyswap 4 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_compare 5 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_argmax 6 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_dotfunc 7 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_scanfunc 8 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_fromstr 9 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_nonzero 10 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_fill 11 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_fillwithscalar 12 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_sort 13 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_argsort 14 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+
+// Casting related slots are disabled. See
+// https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/23173#discussion_r1101098163
+// #define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_castdict 15 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+// #define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_scalarkind 16 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+// #define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_cancastscalarkindto 17 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+// #define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_cancastto 18 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+
+// These are deprecated in NumPy 1.19, so are disabled here.
+// #define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_fastclip 19 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+// #define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_fastputmask 20 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+// #define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_fasttake 21 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+#define NPY_DT_PyArray_ArrFuncs_argmin 22 + _NPY_DT_ARRFUNCS_OFFSET
+
+// TODO: These slots probably still need some thought, and/or a way to "grow"?
+typedef struct {
+    PyTypeObject *typeobj;    /* type of python scalar or NULL */
+    int flags;                /* flags, including parametric and abstract */
+    /* NULL terminated cast definitions. Use NULL for the newly created DType */
+    PyArrayMethod_Spec **casts;
+    PyType_Slot *slots;
+    /* Baseclass or NULL (will always subclass `np.dtype`) */
+    PyTypeObject *baseclass;
+} PyArrayDTypeMeta_Spec;
+
+
+typedef PyArray_Descr *(discover_descr_from_pyobject_function)(
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *cls, PyObject *obj);
+
+/*
+ * Before making this public, we should decide whether it should pass
+ * the type, or allow looking at the object. A possible use-case:
+ * `np.array(np.array([0]), dtype=np.ndarray)`
+ * Could consider arrays that are not `dtype=ndarray` "scalars".
+ */
+typedef int (is_known_scalar_type_function)(
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *cls, PyTypeObject *obj);
+
+typedef PyArray_Descr *(default_descr_function)(PyArray_DTypeMeta *cls);
+typedef PyArray_DTypeMeta *(common_dtype_function)(
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *dtype1, PyArray_DTypeMeta *dtype2);
+typedef PyArray_Descr *(common_instance_function)(
+        PyArray_Descr *dtype1, PyArray_Descr *dtype2);
+typedef PyArray_Descr *(ensure_canonical_function)(PyArray_Descr *dtype);
+
+/*
+ * TODO: These two functions are currently only used for experimental DType
+ *       API support.  Their relation should be "reversed": NumPy should
+ *       always use them internally.
+ *       There are open points about "casting safety" though, e.g. setting
+ *       elements is currently always unsafe.
+ */
+typedef int(setitemfunction)(PyArray_Descr *, PyObject *, char *);
+typedef PyObject *(getitemfunction)(PyArray_Descr *, char *);
+
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY___DTYPE_API_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/_neighborhood_iterator_imp.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/_neighborhood_iterator_imp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b365cb50854f381f1a399b7aea2adab846490366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/_neighborhood_iterator_imp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY__NEIGHBORHOOD_IMP_H_
+#error You should not include this header directly
+#endif
+/*
+ * Private API (here for inline)
+ */
+static inline int
+_PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_IncrCoord(PyArrayNeighborhoodIterObject* iter);
+
+/*
+ * Update to next item of the iterator
+ *
+ * Note: this simply increment the coordinates vector, last dimension
+ * incremented first , i.e, for dimension 3
+ * ...
+ * -1, -1, -1
+ * -1, -1,  0
+ * -1, -1,  1
+ *  ....
+ * -1,  0, -1
+ * -1,  0,  0
+ *  ....
+ * 0,  -1, -1
+ * 0,  -1,  0
+ *  ....
+ */
+#define _UPDATE_COORD_ITER(c) \
+    wb = iter->coordinates[c] < iter->bounds[c][1]; \
+    if (wb) { \
+        iter->coordinates[c] += 1; \
+        return 0; \
+    } \
+    else { \
+        iter->coordinates[c] = iter->bounds[c][0]; \
+    }
+
+static inline int
+_PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_IncrCoord(PyArrayNeighborhoodIterObject* iter)
+{
+    npy_intp i, wb;
+
+    for (i = iter->nd - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        _UPDATE_COORD_ITER(i)
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Version optimized for 2d arrays, manual loop unrolling
+ */
+static inline int
+_PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_IncrCoord2D(PyArrayNeighborhoodIterObject* iter)
+{
+    npy_intp wb;
+
+    _UPDATE_COORD_ITER(1)
+    _UPDATE_COORD_ITER(0)
+
+    return 0;
+}
+#undef _UPDATE_COORD_ITER
+
+/*
+ * Advance to the next neighbour
+ */
+static inline int
+PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_Next(PyArrayNeighborhoodIterObject* iter)
+{
+    _PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_IncrCoord (iter);
+    iter->dataptr = iter->translate((PyArrayIterObject*)iter, iter->coordinates);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset functions
+ */
+static inline int
+PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_Reset(PyArrayNeighborhoodIterObject* iter)
+{
+    npy_intp i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < iter->nd; ++i) {
+        iter->coordinates[i] = iter->bounds[i][0];
+    }
+    iter->dataptr = iter->translate((PyArrayIterObject*)iter, iter->coordinates);
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/_numpyconfig.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/_numpyconfig.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e02322d0301afd196745f4c8a601978efe01412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/_numpyconfig.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#define NPY_HAVE_ENDIAN_H 1
+
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_SHORT 2
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_INT 4
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_LONG 8
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_FLOAT 4
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_FLOAT 8
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_DOUBLE 8
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_DOUBLE 16
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE 16
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_LONGDOUBLE 32
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_PY_INTPTR_T 8
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_OFF_T 8
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_PY_LONG_LONG 8
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG 8
+
+#define NPY_USE_C99_COMPLEX 1
+#define NPY_HAVE_COMPLEX_DOUBLE 1
+#define NPY_HAVE_COMPLEX_FLOAT 1
+#define NPY_HAVE_COMPLEX_LONG_DOUBLE 1
+#define NPY_USE_C99_FORMATS 1
+
+/* #undef NPY_NO_SIGNAL */
+#define NPY_NO_SMP 0
+
+#define NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
+#define NPY_ABI_VERSION 0x01000009
+#define NPY_API_VERSION 0x00000011
+
+#ifndef __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
+#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS 1
+#endif
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da47bb09627aefe8501abb39b8d2a9225985e3fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayobject.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_ARRAYOBJECT_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_ARRAYOBJECT_H_
+#define Py_ARRAYOBJECT_H
+
+#include "ndarrayobject.h"
+#include "npy_interrupt.h"
+
+#ifdef NPY_NO_PREFIX
+#include "noprefix.h"
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_ARRAYOBJECT_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayscalars.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayscalars.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..258bf95b62c3cadc826ad5bcadeeca348ac80dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/arrayscalars.h
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_ARRAYSCALARS_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_ARRAYSCALARS_H_
+
+#ifndef _MULTIARRAYMODULE
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        npy_bool obval;
+} PyBoolScalarObject;
+#endif
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        signed char obval;
+} PyByteScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        short obval;
+} PyShortScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        int obval;
+} PyIntScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        long obval;
+} PyLongScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        npy_longlong obval;
+} PyLongLongScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        unsigned char obval;
+} PyUByteScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        unsigned short obval;
+} PyUShortScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        unsigned int obval;
+} PyUIntScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        unsigned long obval;
+} PyULongScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        npy_ulonglong obval;
+} PyULongLongScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        npy_half obval;
+} PyHalfScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        float obval;
+} PyFloatScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        double obval;
+} PyDoubleScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        npy_longdouble obval;
+} PyLongDoubleScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        npy_cfloat obval;
+} PyCFloatScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        npy_cdouble obval;
+} PyCDoubleScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        npy_clongdouble obval;
+} PyCLongDoubleScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        PyObject * obval;
+} PyObjectScalarObject;
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        npy_datetime obval;
+        PyArray_DatetimeMetaData obmeta;
+} PyDatetimeScalarObject;
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        npy_timedelta obval;
+        PyArray_DatetimeMetaData obmeta;
+} PyTimedeltaScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        char obval;
+} PyScalarObject;
+
+#define PyStringScalarObject PyBytesObject
+typedef struct {
+        /* note that the PyObject_HEAD macro lives right here */
+        PyUnicodeObject base;
+        Py_UCS4 *obval;
+    #if NPY_FEATURE_VERSION >= NPY_1_20_API_VERSION
+        char *buffer_fmt;
+    #endif
+} PyUnicodeScalarObject;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_VAR_HEAD
+        char *obval;
+        PyArray_Descr *descr;
+        int flags;
+        PyObject *base;
+    #if NPY_FEATURE_VERSION >= NPY_1_20_API_VERSION
+        void *_buffer_info;  /* private buffer info, tagged to allow warning */
+    #endif
+} PyVoidScalarObject;
+
+/* Macros
+     PyScalarObject
+     PyArrType_Type
+   are defined in ndarrayobject.h
+*/
+
+#define PyArrayScalar_False ((PyObject *)(&(_PyArrayScalar_BoolValues[0])))
+#define PyArrayScalar_True ((PyObject *)(&(_PyArrayScalar_BoolValues[1])))
+#define PyArrayScalar_FromLong(i) \
+        ((PyObject *)(&(_PyArrayScalar_BoolValues[((i)!=0)])))
+#define PyArrayScalar_RETURN_BOOL_FROM_LONG(i)                  \
+        return Py_INCREF(PyArrayScalar_FromLong(i)), \
+                PyArrayScalar_FromLong(i)
+#define PyArrayScalar_RETURN_FALSE              \
+        return Py_INCREF(PyArrayScalar_False),  \
+                PyArrayScalar_False
+#define PyArrayScalar_RETURN_TRUE               \
+        return Py_INCREF(PyArrayScalar_True),   \
+                PyArrayScalar_True
+
+#define PyArrayScalar_New(cls) \
+        Py##cls##ArrType_Type.tp_alloc(&Py##cls##ArrType_Type, 0)
+#define PyArrayScalar_VAL(obj, cls)             \
+        ((Py##cls##ScalarObject *)obj)->obval
+#define PyArrayScalar_ASSIGN(obj, cls, val) \
+        PyArrayScalar_VAL(obj, cls) = val
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_ARRAYSCALARS_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/experimental_dtype_api.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/experimental_dtype_api.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19088dabdce0e677c8716fcdd5bdee6a34353c51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/experimental_dtype_api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+/*
+ * This header exports the new experimental DType API as proposed in
+ * NEPs 41 to 43.  For background, please check these NEPs.  Otherwise,
+ * this header also serves as documentation for the time being.
+ *
+ * The header includes `_dtype_api.h` which holds most definition while this
+ * header mainly wraps functions for public consumption.
+ *
+ * Please do not hesitate to contact @seberg with questions.  This is
+ * developed together with https://github.com/seberg/experimental_user_dtypes
+ * and those interested in experimenting are encouraged to contribute there.
+ *
+ * To use the functions defined in the header, call::
+ *
+ *     if (import_experimental_dtype_api(version) < 0) {
+ *         return NULL;
+ *     }
+ *
+ * in your module init.  (A version mismatch will be reported, just update
+ * to the correct one, this will alert you of possible changes.)
+ *
+ * The following lists the main symbols currently exported.  Please do not
+ * hesitate to ask for help or clarification:
+ *
+ * - PyUFunc_AddLoopFromSpec:
+ *
+ *     Register a new loop for a ufunc.  This uses the `PyArrayMethod_Spec`
+ *     which must be filled in (see in-line comments).
+ *
+ * - PyUFunc_AddWrappingLoop:
+ *
+ *     Register a new loop which reuses an existing one, but modifies the
+ *     result dtypes.  Please search the internal NumPy docs for more info
+ *     at this point.  (Used for physical units dtype.)
+ *
+ * - PyUFunc_AddPromoter:
+ *
+ *     Register a new promoter for a ufunc.  A promoter is a function stored
+ *     in a PyCapsule (see in-line comments).  It is passed the operation and
+ *     requested DType signatures and can mutate it to attempt a new search
+ *     for a matching loop/promoter.
+ *     I.e. for Numba a promoter could even add the desired loop.
+ *
+ * - PyArrayInitDTypeMeta_FromSpec:
+ *
+ *     Initialize a new DType.  It must currently be a static Python C type
+ *     that is declared as `PyArray_DTypeMeta` and not `PyTypeObject`.
+ *     Further, it must subclass `np.dtype` and set its type to
+ *     `PyArrayDTypeMeta_Type` (before calling `PyType_Read()`).
+ *
+ * - PyArray_CommonDType:
+ *
+ *     Find the common-dtype ("promotion") for two DType classes.  Similar
+ *     to `np.result_type`, but works on the classes and not instances.
+ *
+ * - PyArray_PromoteDTypeSequence:
+ *
+ *     Same as CommonDType, but works with an arbitrary number of DTypes.
+ *     This function is smarter and can often return successful and unambiguous
+ *     results when `common_dtype(common_dtype(dt1, dt2), dt3)` would
+ *     depend on the operation order or fail.  Nevertheless, DTypes should
+ *     aim to ensure that their common-dtype implementation is associative
+ *     and commutative!  (Mainly, unsigned and signed integers are not.)
+ *
+ *     For guaranteed consistent results DTypes must implement common-Dtype
+ *     "transitively".  If A promotes B and B promotes C, than A must generally
+ *     also promote C; where "promotes" means implements the promotion.
+ *     (There are some exceptions for abstract DTypes)
+ *
+ * - PyArray_GetDefaultDescr:
+ *
+ *     Given a DType class, returns the default instance (descriptor).
+ *     This is an inline function checking for `singleton` first and only
+ *     calls the `default_descr` function if necessary.
+ *
+ * - PyArray_DoubleDType, etc.:
+ *
+ *     Aliases to the DType classes for the builtin NumPy DTypes.
+ *
+ * WARNING
+ * =======
+ *
+ * By using this header, you understand that this is a fully experimental
+ * exposure.  Details are expected to change, and some options may have no
+ * effect.  (Please contact @seberg if you have questions!)
+ * If the exposure stops working, please file a bug report with NumPy.
+ * Further, a DType created using this API/header should still be expected
+ * to be incompatible with some functionality inside and outside of NumPy.
+ * In this case crashes must be expected.  Please report any such problems
+ * so that they can be fixed before final exposure.
+ * Furthermore, expect missing checks for programming errors which the final
+ * API is expected to have.
+ *
+ * Symbols with a leading underscore are likely to not be included in the
+ * first public version, if these are central to your use-case, please let
+ * us know, so that we can reconsider.
+ *
+ * "Array-like" consumer API not yet under considerations
+ * ======================================================
+ *
+ * The new DType API is designed in a way to make it potentially useful for
+ * alternative "array-like" implementations.  This will require careful
+ * exposure of details and functions and is not part of this experimental API.
+ *
+ * Brief (incompatibility) changelog
+ * =================================
+ *
+ * 2. None (only additions).
+ * 3. New `npy_intp *view_offset` argument for `resolve_descriptors`.
+ *    This replaces the `NPY_CAST_IS_VIEW` flag.  It can be set to 0 if the
+ *    operation is a view, and is pre-initialized to `NPY_MIN_INTP` indicating
+ *    that the operation is not a view.
+ */
+
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_EXPERIMENTAL_DTYPE_API_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_EXPERIMENTAL_DTYPE_API_H_
+
+#include 
+#include "ndarraytypes.h"
+#include "_dtype_api.h"
+
+/*
+ * The contents of PyArrayMethodObject are currently opaque (is there a way
+ * good way to make them be `PyObject *`?)
+ */
+typedef struct PyArrayMethodObject_tag PyArrayMethodObject;
+
+/*
+ * There must be a better way?! -- Oh well, this is experimental
+ * (my issue with it, is that I cannot undef those helpers).
+ */
+#if defined(PY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL)
+    #define NPY_EXP_DTYPE_API_CONCAT_HELPER2(x, y) x ## y
+    #define NPY_EXP_DTYPE_API_CONCAT_HELPER(arg) NPY_EXP_DTYPE_API_CONCAT_HELPER2(arg, __experimental_dtype_api_table)
+    #define __experimental_dtype_api_table NPY_EXP_DTYPE_API_CONCAT_HELPER(PY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL)
+#else
+    #define __experimental_dtype_api_table __experimental_dtype_api_table
+#endif
+
+/* Support for correct multi-file projects: */
+#if defined(NO_IMPORT) || defined(NO_IMPORT_ARRAY)
+    extern void **__experimental_dtype_api_table;
+#else
+    /*
+     * Just a hack so I don't forget importing as much myself, I spend way too
+     * much time noticing it the first time around :).
+     */
+    static void
+    __not_imported(void)
+    {
+        printf("*****\nCritical error, dtype API not imported\n*****\n");
+    }
+
+    static void *__uninitialized_table[] = {
+            &__not_imported, &__not_imported, &__not_imported, &__not_imported,
+            &__not_imported, &__not_imported, &__not_imported, &__not_imported};
+
+    #if defined(PY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL)
+        void **__experimental_dtype_api_table = __uninitialized_table;
+    #else
+        static void **__experimental_dtype_api_table = __uninitialized_table;
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+
+typedef int _ufunc_addloop_fromspec_func(
+        PyObject *ufunc, PyArrayMethod_Spec *spec);
+/*
+ * The main ufunc registration function.  This adds a new implementation/loop
+ * to a ufunc.  It replaces `PyUFunc_RegisterLoopForType`.
+ */
+#define PyUFunc_AddLoopFromSpec \
+    (*(_ufunc_addloop_fromspec_func *)(__experimental_dtype_api_table[0]))
+
+
+/* Please see the NumPy definitions in `array_method.h` for details on these */
+typedef int translate_given_descrs_func(int nin, int nout,
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *wrapped_dtypes[],
+        PyArray_Descr *given_descrs[], PyArray_Descr *new_descrs[]);
+typedef int translate_loop_descrs_func(int nin, int nout,
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *new_dtypes[], PyArray_Descr *given_descrs[],
+        PyArray_Descr *original_descrs[], PyArray_Descr *loop_descrs[]);
+
+typedef int _ufunc_wrapping_loop_func(PyObject *ufunc_obj,
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *new_dtypes[], PyArray_DTypeMeta *wrapped_dtypes[],
+        translate_given_descrs_func *translate_given_descrs,
+        translate_loop_descrs_func *translate_loop_descrs);
+#define PyUFunc_AddWrappingLoop \
+    (*(_ufunc_wrapping_loop_func *)(__experimental_dtype_api_table[7]))
+
+/*
+ * Type of the C promoter function, which must be wrapped into a
+ * PyCapsule with name "numpy._ufunc_promoter".
+ *
+ * Note that currently the output dtypes are always NULL unless they are
+ * also part of the signature.  This is an implementation detail and could
+ * change in the future.  However, in general promoters should not have a
+ * need for output dtypes.
+ * (There are potential use-cases, these are currently unsupported.)
+ */
+typedef int promoter_function(PyObject *ufunc,
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *op_dtypes[], PyArray_DTypeMeta *signature[],
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *new_op_dtypes[]);
+
+/*
+ * Function to register a promoter.
+ *
+ * @param ufunc The ufunc object to register the promoter with.
+ * @param DType_tuple A Python tuple containing DTypes or None matching the
+ *        number of inputs and outputs of the ufunc.
+ * @param promoter A PyCapsule with name "numpy._ufunc_promoter" containing
+ *        a pointer to a `promoter_function`.
+ */
+typedef int _ufunc_addpromoter_func(
+        PyObject *ufunc, PyObject *DType_tuple, PyObject *promoter);
+#define PyUFunc_AddPromoter \
+    (*(_ufunc_addpromoter_func *)(__experimental_dtype_api_table[1]))
+
+#define PyArrayDTypeMeta_Type \
+    (*(PyTypeObject *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[2])
+typedef int __dtypemeta_fromspec(
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *DType, PyArrayDTypeMeta_Spec *dtype_spec);
+/*
+ * Finalize creation of a DTypeMeta.  You must ensure that the DTypeMeta is
+ * a proper subclass.  The DTypeMeta object has additional fields compared to
+ * a normal PyTypeObject!
+ * The only (easy) creation of a new DType is to create a static Type which
+ * inherits `PyArray_DescrType`, sets its type to `PyArrayDTypeMeta_Type` and
+ * uses `PyArray_DTypeMeta` defined above as the C-structure.
+ */
+#define PyArrayInitDTypeMeta_FromSpec \
+    ((__dtypemeta_fromspec *)(__experimental_dtype_api_table[3]))
+
+
+/*
+ * *************************************
+ *          WORKING WITH DTYPES
+ * *************************************
+ */
+
+typedef PyArray_DTypeMeta *__common_dtype(
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *DType1, PyArray_DTypeMeta *DType2);
+#define PyArray_CommonDType \
+    ((__common_dtype *)(__experimental_dtype_api_table[4]))
+
+
+typedef PyArray_DTypeMeta *__promote_dtype_sequence(
+        npy_intp num, PyArray_DTypeMeta *DTypes[]);
+#define PyArray_PromoteDTypeSequence \
+    ((__promote_dtype_sequence *)(__experimental_dtype_api_table[5]))
+
+
+typedef PyArray_Descr *__get_default_descr(
+        PyArray_DTypeMeta *DType);
+#define _PyArray_GetDefaultDescr \
+    ((__get_default_descr *)(__experimental_dtype_api_table[6]))
+
+static inline PyArray_Descr *
+PyArray_GetDefaultDescr(PyArray_DTypeMeta *DType)
+{
+    if (DType->singleton != NULL) {
+        Py_INCREF(DType->singleton);
+        return DType->singleton;
+    }
+    return _PyArray_GetDefaultDescr(DType);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * NumPy's builtin DTypes:
+ */
+#define PyArray_BoolDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[10])
+/* Integers */
+#define PyArray_ByteDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[11])
+#define PyArray_UByteDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[12])
+#define PyArray_ShortDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[13])
+#define PyArray_UShortDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[14])
+#define PyArray_IntDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[15])
+#define PyArray_UIntDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[16])
+#define PyArray_LongDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[17])
+#define PyArray_ULongDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[18])
+#define PyArray_LongLongDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[19])
+#define PyArray_ULongLongDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[20])
+/* Integer aliases */
+#define PyArray_Int8Type (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[21])
+#define PyArray_UInt8DType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[22])
+#define PyArray_Int16DType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[23])
+#define PyArray_UInt16DType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[24])
+#define PyArray_Int32DType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[25])
+#define PyArray_UInt32DType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[26])
+#define PyArray_Int64DType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[27])
+#define PyArray_UInt64DType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[28])
+#define PyArray_IntpDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[29])
+#define PyArray_UIntpDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[30])
+/* Floats */
+#define PyArray_HalfType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[31])
+#define PyArray_FloatDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[32])
+#define PyArray_DoubleDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[33])
+#define PyArray_LongDoubleDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[34])
+/* Complex */
+#define PyArray_CFloatDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[35])
+#define PyArray_CDoubleDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[36])
+#define PyArray_CLongDoubleDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[37])
+/* String/Bytes */
+#define PyArray_StringDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[38])
+#define PyArray_UnicodeDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[39])
+/* Datetime/Timedelta */
+#define PyArray_DatetimeDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[40])
+#define PyArray_TimedeltaDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[41])
+/* Object/Void */
+#define PyArray_ObjectDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[42])
+#define PyArray_VoidDType (*(PyArray_DTypeMeta *)__experimental_dtype_api_table[43])
+
+/*
+ * ********************************
+ *         Initialization
+ * ********************************
+ *
+ * Import the experimental API, the version must match the one defined in
+ * the header to ensure changes are taken into account. NumPy will further
+ * runtime-check this.
+ * You must call this function to use the symbols defined in this file.
+ */
+#if !defined(NO_IMPORT) && !defined(NO_IMPORT_ARRAY)
+
+static int
+import_experimental_dtype_api(int version)
+{
+    if (version != __EXPERIMENTAL_DTYPE_API_VERSION) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                "DType API version %d did not match header version %d. Please "
+                "update the import statement and check for API changes.",
+                version, __EXPERIMENTAL_DTYPE_API_VERSION);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (__experimental_dtype_api_table != __uninitialized_table) {
+        /* already imported. */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *multiarray = PyImport_ImportModule("numpy.core._multiarray_umath");
+    if (multiarray == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *api = PyObject_CallMethod(multiarray,
+        "_get_experimental_dtype_api", "i", version);
+    Py_DECREF(multiarray);
+    if (api == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    __experimental_dtype_api_table = (void **)PyCapsule_GetPointer(api,
+            "experimental_dtype_api_table");
+    Py_DECREF(api);
+
+    if (__experimental_dtype_api_table == NULL) {
+        __experimental_dtype_api_table = __uninitialized_table;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#endif  /* !defined(NO_IMPORT) && !defined(NO_IMPORT_ARRAY) */
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_EXPERIMENTAL_DTYPE_API_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/halffloat.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/halffloat.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..950401664e101d17ce5461ecb21c7d3bdf824f42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/halffloat.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_HALFFLOAT_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_HALFFLOAT_H_
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Half-precision routines
+ */
+
+/* Conversions */
+float npy_half_to_float(npy_half h);
+double npy_half_to_double(npy_half h);
+npy_half npy_float_to_half(float f);
+npy_half npy_double_to_half(double d);
+/* Comparisons */
+int npy_half_eq(npy_half h1, npy_half h2);
+int npy_half_ne(npy_half h1, npy_half h2);
+int npy_half_le(npy_half h1, npy_half h2);
+int npy_half_lt(npy_half h1, npy_half h2);
+int npy_half_ge(npy_half h1, npy_half h2);
+int npy_half_gt(npy_half h1, npy_half h2);
+/* faster *_nonan variants for when you know h1 and h2 are not NaN */
+int npy_half_eq_nonan(npy_half h1, npy_half h2);
+int npy_half_lt_nonan(npy_half h1, npy_half h2);
+int npy_half_le_nonan(npy_half h1, npy_half h2);
+/* Miscellaneous functions */
+int npy_half_iszero(npy_half h);
+int npy_half_isnan(npy_half h);
+int npy_half_isinf(npy_half h);
+int npy_half_isfinite(npy_half h);
+int npy_half_signbit(npy_half h);
+npy_half npy_half_copysign(npy_half x, npy_half y);
+npy_half npy_half_spacing(npy_half h);
+npy_half npy_half_nextafter(npy_half x, npy_half y);
+npy_half npy_half_divmod(npy_half x, npy_half y, npy_half *modulus);
+
+/*
+ * Half-precision constants
+ */
+
+#define NPY_HALF_ZERO   (0x0000u)
+#define NPY_HALF_PZERO  (0x0000u)
+#define NPY_HALF_NZERO  (0x8000u)
+#define NPY_HALF_ONE    (0x3c00u)
+#define NPY_HALF_NEGONE (0xbc00u)
+#define NPY_HALF_PINF   (0x7c00u)
+#define NPY_HALF_NINF   (0xfc00u)
+#define NPY_HALF_NAN    (0x7e00u)
+
+#define NPY_MAX_HALF    (0x7bffu)
+
+/*
+ * Bit-level conversions
+ */
+
+npy_uint16 npy_floatbits_to_halfbits(npy_uint32 f);
+npy_uint16 npy_doublebits_to_halfbits(npy_uint64 d);
+npy_uint32 npy_halfbits_to_floatbits(npy_uint16 h);
+npy_uint64 npy_halfbits_to_doublebits(npy_uint16 h);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_HALFFLOAT_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36cfdd6f67643c9ea63d0c0e50acc59aac2bf72e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarrayobject.h
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/*
+ * DON'T INCLUDE THIS DIRECTLY.
+ */
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NDARRAYOBJECT_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NDARRAYOBJECT_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include 
+#include "ndarraytypes.h"
+
+/* Includes the "function" C-API -- these are all stored in a
+   list of pointers --- one for each file
+   The two lists are concatenated into one in multiarray.
+
+   They are available as import_array()
+*/
+
+#include "__multiarray_api.h"
+
+
+/* C-API that requires previous API to be defined */
+
+#define PyArray_DescrCheck(op) PyObject_TypeCheck(op, &PyArrayDescr_Type)
+
+#define PyArray_Check(op) PyObject_TypeCheck(op, &PyArray_Type)
+#define PyArray_CheckExact(op) (((PyObject*)(op))->ob_type == &PyArray_Type)
+
+#define PyArray_HasArrayInterfaceType(op, type, context, out)                 \
+        ((((out)=PyArray_FromStructInterface(op)) != Py_NotImplemented) ||    \
+         (((out)=PyArray_FromInterface(op)) != Py_NotImplemented) ||          \
+         (((out)=PyArray_FromArrayAttr(op, type, context)) !=                 \
+          Py_NotImplemented))
+
+#define PyArray_HasArrayInterface(op, out)                                    \
+        PyArray_HasArrayInterfaceType(op, NULL, NULL, out)
+
+#define PyArray_IsZeroDim(op) (PyArray_Check(op) && \
+                               (PyArray_NDIM((PyArrayObject *)op) == 0))
+
+#define PyArray_IsScalar(obj, cls)                                            \
+        (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, &Py##cls##ArrType_Type))
+
+#define PyArray_CheckScalar(m) (PyArray_IsScalar(m, Generic) ||               \
+                                PyArray_IsZeroDim(m))
+#define PyArray_IsPythonNumber(obj)                                           \
+        (PyFloat_Check(obj) || PyComplex_Check(obj) ||                        \
+         PyLong_Check(obj) || PyBool_Check(obj))
+#define PyArray_IsIntegerScalar(obj) (PyLong_Check(obj)                       \
+              || PyArray_IsScalar((obj), Integer))
+#define PyArray_IsPythonScalar(obj)                                           \
+        (PyArray_IsPythonNumber(obj) || PyBytes_Check(obj) ||                 \
+         PyUnicode_Check(obj))
+
+#define PyArray_IsAnyScalar(obj)                                              \
+        (PyArray_IsScalar(obj, Generic) || PyArray_IsPythonScalar(obj))
+
+#define PyArray_CheckAnyScalar(obj) (PyArray_IsPythonScalar(obj) ||           \
+                                     PyArray_CheckScalar(obj))
+
+
+#define PyArray_GETCONTIGUOUS(m) (PyArray_ISCONTIGUOUS(m) ?                   \
+                                  Py_INCREF(m), (m) :                         \
+                                  (PyArrayObject *)(PyArray_Copy(m)))
+
+#define PyArray_SAMESHAPE(a1,a2) ((PyArray_NDIM(a1) == PyArray_NDIM(a2)) &&   \
+                                  PyArray_CompareLists(PyArray_DIMS(a1),      \
+                                                       PyArray_DIMS(a2),      \
+                                                       PyArray_NDIM(a1)))
+
+#define PyArray_SIZE(m) PyArray_MultiplyList(PyArray_DIMS(m), PyArray_NDIM(m))
+#define PyArray_NBYTES(m) (PyArray_ITEMSIZE(m) * PyArray_SIZE(m))
+#define PyArray_FROM_O(m) PyArray_FromAny(m, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_FROM_OF(m,flags) PyArray_CheckFromAny(m, NULL, 0, 0, flags,   \
+                                                      NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_FROM_OT(m,type) PyArray_FromAny(m,                            \
+                                PyArray_DescrFromType(type), 0, 0, 0, NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_FROM_OTF(m, type, flags) \
+        PyArray_FromAny(m, PyArray_DescrFromType(type), 0, 0, \
+                        (((flags) & NPY_ARRAY_ENSURECOPY) ? \
+                         ((flags) | NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT) : (flags)), NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_FROMANY(m, type, min, max, flags) \
+        PyArray_FromAny(m, PyArray_DescrFromType(type), min, max, \
+                        (((flags) & NPY_ARRAY_ENSURECOPY) ? \
+                         (flags) | NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT : (flags)), NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_ZEROS(m, dims, type, is_f_order) \
+        PyArray_Zeros(m, dims, PyArray_DescrFromType(type), is_f_order)
+
+#define PyArray_EMPTY(m, dims, type, is_f_order) \
+        PyArray_Empty(m, dims, PyArray_DescrFromType(type), is_f_order)
+
+#define PyArray_FILLWBYTE(obj, val) memset(PyArray_DATA(obj), val, \
+                                           PyArray_NBYTES(obj))
+#ifndef PYPY_VERSION
+#define PyArray_REFCOUNT(obj) (((PyObject *)(obj))->ob_refcnt)
+#define NPY_REFCOUNT PyArray_REFCOUNT
+#endif
+#define NPY_MAX_ELSIZE (2 * NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE)
+
+#define PyArray_ContiguousFromAny(op, type, min_depth, max_depth) \
+        PyArray_FromAny(op, PyArray_DescrFromType(type), min_depth, \
+                              max_depth, NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT, NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_EquivArrTypes(a1, a2) \
+        PyArray_EquivTypes(PyArray_DESCR(a1), PyArray_DESCR(a2))
+
+#define PyArray_EquivByteorders(b1, b2) \
+        (((b1) == (b2)) || (PyArray_ISNBO(b1) == PyArray_ISNBO(b2)))
+
+#define PyArray_SimpleNew(nd, dims, typenum) \
+        PyArray_New(&PyArray_Type, nd, dims, typenum, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_SimpleNewFromData(nd, dims, typenum, data) \
+        PyArray_New(&PyArray_Type, nd, dims, typenum, NULL, \
+                    data, 0, NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY, NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_SimpleNewFromDescr(nd, dims, descr) \
+        PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type, descr, nd, dims, \
+                             NULL, NULL, 0, NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_ToScalar(data, arr) \
+        PyArray_Scalar(data, PyArray_DESCR(arr), (PyObject *)arr)
+
+
+/* These might be faster without the dereferencing of obj
+   going on inside -- of course an optimizing compiler should
+   inline the constants inside a for loop making it a moot point
+*/
+
+#define PyArray_GETPTR1(obj, i) ((void *)(PyArray_BYTES(obj) + \
+                                         (i)*PyArray_STRIDES(obj)[0]))
+
+#define PyArray_GETPTR2(obj, i, j) ((void *)(PyArray_BYTES(obj) + \
+                                            (i)*PyArray_STRIDES(obj)[0] + \
+                                            (j)*PyArray_STRIDES(obj)[1]))
+
+#define PyArray_GETPTR3(obj, i, j, k) ((void *)(PyArray_BYTES(obj) + \
+                                            (i)*PyArray_STRIDES(obj)[0] + \
+                                            (j)*PyArray_STRIDES(obj)[1] + \
+                                            (k)*PyArray_STRIDES(obj)[2]))
+
+#define PyArray_GETPTR4(obj, i, j, k, l) ((void *)(PyArray_BYTES(obj) + \
+                                            (i)*PyArray_STRIDES(obj)[0] + \
+                                            (j)*PyArray_STRIDES(obj)[1] + \
+                                            (k)*PyArray_STRIDES(obj)[2] + \
+                                            (l)*PyArray_STRIDES(obj)[3]))
+
+static inline void
+PyArray_DiscardWritebackIfCopy(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    PyArrayObject_fields *fa = (PyArrayObject_fields *)arr;
+    if (fa && fa->base) {
+        if (fa->flags & NPY_ARRAY_WRITEBACKIFCOPY) {
+            PyArray_ENABLEFLAGS((PyArrayObject*)fa->base, NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE);
+            Py_DECREF(fa->base);
+            fa->base = NULL;
+            PyArray_CLEARFLAGS(arr, NPY_ARRAY_WRITEBACKIFCOPY);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#define PyArray_DESCR_REPLACE(descr) do { \
+                PyArray_Descr *_new_; \
+                _new_ = PyArray_DescrNew(descr); \
+                Py_XDECREF(descr); \
+                descr = _new_; \
+        } while(0)
+
+/* Copy should always return contiguous array */
+#define PyArray_Copy(obj) PyArray_NewCopy(obj, NPY_CORDER)
+
+#define PyArray_FromObject(op, type, min_depth, max_depth) \
+        PyArray_FromAny(op, PyArray_DescrFromType(type), min_depth, \
+                              max_depth, NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED | \
+                                         NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY, NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_ContiguousFromObject(op, type, min_depth, max_depth) \
+        PyArray_FromAny(op, PyArray_DescrFromType(type), min_depth, \
+                              max_depth, NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT | \
+                                         NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY, NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_CopyFromObject(op, type, min_depth, max_depth) \
+        PyArray_FromAny(op, PyArray_DescrFromType(type), min_depth, \
+                        max_depth, NPY_ARRAY_ENSURECOPY | \
+                                   NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT | \
+                                   NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY, NULL)
+
+#define PyArray_Cast(mp, type_num)                                            \
+        PyArray_CastToType(mp, PyArray_DescrFromType(type_num), 0)
+
+#define PyArray_Take(ap, items, axis)                                         \
+        PyArray_TakeFrom(ap, items, axis, NULL, NPY_RAISE)
+
+#define PyArray_Put(ap, items, values)                                        \
+        PyArray_PutTo(ap, items, values, NPY_RAISE)
+
+/* Compatibility with old Numeric stuff -- don't use in new code */
+
+#define PyArray_FromDimsAndData(nd, d, type, data)                            \
+        PyArray_FromDimsAndDataAndDescr(nd, d, PyArray_DescrFromType(type),   \
+                                        data)
+
+
+/*
+   Check to see if this key in the dictionary is the "title"
+   entry of the tuple (i.e. a duplicate dictionary entry in the fields
+   dict).
+*/
+
+static inline int
+NPY_TITLE_KEY_check(PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
+{
+    PyObject *title;
+    if (PyTuple_Size(value) != 3) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    title = PyTuple_GetItem(value, 2);
+    if (key == title) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+#ifdef PYPY_VERSION
+    /*
+     * On PyPy, dictionary keys do not always preserve object identity.
+     * Fall back to comparison by value.
+     */
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(title) && PyUnicode_Check(key)) {
+        return PyUnicode_Compare(title, key) == 0 ? 1 : 0;
+    }
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Macro, for backward compat with "if NPY_TITLE_KEY(key, value) { ..." */
+#define NPY_TITLE_KEY(key, value) (NPY_TITLE_KEY_check((key), (value)))
+
+#define DEPRECATE(msg) PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,msg,1)
+#define DEPRECATE_FUTUREWARNING(msg) PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_FutureWarning,msg,1)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NDARRAYOBJECT_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..742ba5261225d8d7c39cabfbfa5631636546ffd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ndarraytypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1945 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NDARRAYTYPES_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NDARRAYTYPES_H_
+
+#include "npy_common.h"
+#include "npy_endian.h"
+#include "npy_cpu.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#define NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN
+
+/* Only use thread if configured in config and python supports it */
+#if defined WITH_THREAD && !NPY_NO_SMP
+        #define NPY_ALLOW_THREADS 1
+#else
+        #define NPY_ALLOW_THREADS 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __has_extension
+#define __has_extension(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(_NPY_NO_DEPRECATIONS) && \
+    ((defined(__GNUC__)&& __GNUC__ >= 6) || \
+     __has_extension(attribute_deprecated_with_message))
+#define NPY_ATTR_DEPRECATE(text) __attribute__ ((deprecated (text)))
+#else
+#define NPY_ATTR_DEPRECATE(text)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * There are several places in the code where an array of dimensions
+ * is allocated statically.  This is the size of that static
+ * allocation.
+ *
+ * The array creation itself could have arbitrary dimensions but all
+ * the places where static allocation is used would need to be changed
+ * to dynamic (including inside of several structures)
+ */
+
+#define NPY_MAXDIMS 32
+#define NPY_MAXARGS 32
+
+/* Used for Converter Functions "O&" code in ParseTuple */
+#define NPY_FAIL 0
+#define NPY_SUCCEED 1
+
+
+enum NPY_TYPES {    NPY_BOOL=0,
+                    NPY_BYTE, NPY_UBYTE,
+                    NPY_SHORT, NPY_USHORT,
+                    NPY_INT, NPY_UINT,
+                    NPY_LONG, NPY_ULONG,
+                    NPY_LONGLONG, NPY_ULONGLONG,
+                    NPY_FLOAT, NPY_DOUBLE, NPY_LONGDOUBLE,
+                    NPY_CFLOAT, NPY_CDOUBLE, NPY_CLONGDOUBLE,
+                    NPY_OBJECT=17,
+                    NPY_STRING, NPY_UNICODE,
+                    NPY_VOID,
+                    /*
+                     * New 1.6 types appended, may be integrated
+                     * into the above in 2.0.
+                     */
+                    NPY_DATETIME, NPY_TIMEDELTA, NPY_HALF,
+
+                    NPY_NTYPES,
+                    NPY_NOTYPE,
+                    NPY_CHAR NPY_ATTR_DEPRECATE("Use NPY_STRING"),
+                    NPY_USERDEF=256,  /* leave room for characters */
+
+                    /* The number of types not including the new 1.6 types */
+                    NPY_NTYPES_ABI_COMPATIBLE=21
+};
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+#pragma deprecated(NPY_CHAR)
+#endif
+
+/* basetype array priority */
+#define NPY_PRIORITY 0.0
+
+/* default subtype priority */
+#define NPY_SUBTYPE_PRIORITY 1.0
+
+/* default scalar priority */
+#define NPY_SCALAR_PRIORITY -1000000.0
+
+/* How many floating point types are there (excluding half) */
+#define NPY_NUM_FLOATTYPE 3
+
+/*
+ * These characters correspond to the array type and the struct
+ * module
+ */
+
+enum NPY_TYPECHAR {
+        NPY_BOOLLTR = '?',
+        NPY_BYTELTR = 'b',
+        NPY_UBYTELTR = 'B',
+        NPY_SHORTLTR = 'h',
+        NPY_USHORTLTR = 'H',
+        NPY_INTLTR = 'i',
+        NPY_UINTLTR = 'I',
+        NPY_LONGLTR = 'l',
+        NPY_ULONGLTR = 'L',
+        NPY_LONGLONGLTR = 'q',
+        NPY_ULONGLONGLTR = 'Q',
+        NPY_HALFLTR = 'e',
+        NPY_FLOATLTR = 'f',
+        NPY_DOUBLELTR = 'd',
+        NPY_LONGDOUBLELTR = 'g',
+        NPY_CFLOATLTR = 'F',
+        NPY_CDOUBLELTR = 'D',
+        NPY_CLONGDOUBLELTR = 'G',
+        NPY_OBJECTLTR = 'O',
+        NPY_STRINGLTR = 'S',
+        NPY_STRINGLTR2 = 'a',
+        NPY_UNICODELTR = 'U',
+        NPY_VOIDLTR = 'V',
+        NPY_DATETIMELTR = 'M',
+        NPY_TIMEDELTALTR = 'm',
+        NPY_CHARLTR = 'c',
+
+        /*
+         * No Descriptor, just a define -- this let's
+         * Python users specify an array of integers
+         * large enough to hold a pointer on the
+         * platform
+         */
+        NPY_INTPLTR = 'p',
+        NPY_UINTPLTR = 'P',
+
+        /*
+         * These are for dtype 'kinds', not dtype 'typecodes'
+         * as the above are for.
+         */
+        NPY_GENBOOLLTR ='b',
+        NPY_SIGNEDLTR = 'i',
+        NPY_UNSIGNEDLTR = 'u',
+        NPY_FLOATINGLTR = 'f',
+        NPY_COMPLEXLTR = 'c'
+};
+
+/*
+ * Changing this may break Numpy API compatibility
+ * due to changing offsets in PyArray_ArrFuncs, so be
+ * careful. Here we have reused the mergesort slot for
+ * any kind of stable sort, the actual implementation will
+ * depend on the data type.
+ */
+typedef enum {
+        NPY_QUICKSORT=0,
+        NPY_HEAPSORT=1,
+        NPY_MERGESORT=2,
+        NPY_STABLESORT=2,
+} NPY_SORTKIND;
+#define NPY_NSORTS (NPY_STABLESORT + 1)
+
+
+typedef enum {
+        NPY_INTROSELECT=0
+} NPY_SELECTKIND;
+#define NPY_NSELECTS (NPY_INTROSELECT + 1)
+
+
+typedef enum {
+        NPY_SEARCHLEFT=0,
+        NPY_SEARCHRIGHT=1
+} NPY_SEARCHSIDE;
+#define NPY_NSEARCHSIDES (NPY_SEARCHRIGHT + 1)
+
+
+typedef enum {
+        NPY_NOSCALAR=-1,
+        NPY_BOOL_SCALAR,
+        NPY_INTPOS_SCALAR,
+        NPY_INTNEG_SCALAR,
+        NPY_FLOAT_SCALAR,
+        NPY_COMPLEX_SCALAR,
+        NPY_OBJECT_SCALAR
+} NPY_SCALARKIND;
+#define NPY_NSCALARKINDS (NPY_OBJECT_SCALAR + 1)
+
+/* For specifying array memory layout or iteration order */
+typedef enum {
+        /* Fortran order if inputs are all Fortran, C otherwise */
+        NPY_ANYORDER=-1,
+        /* C order */
+        NPY_CORDER=0,
+        /* Fortran order */
+        NPY_FORTRANORDER=1,
+        /* An order as close to the inputs as possible */
+        NPY_KEEPORDER=2
+} NPY_ORDER;
+
+/* For specifying allowed casting in operations which support it */
+typedef enum {
+        _NPY_ERROR_OCCURRED_IN_CAST = -1,
+        /* Only allow identical types */
+        NPY_NO_CASTING=0,
+        /* Allow identical and byte swapped types */
+        NPY_EQUIV_CASTING=1,
+        /* Only allow safe casts */
+        NPY_SAFE_CASTING=2,
+        /* Allow safe casts or casts within the same kind */
+        NPY_SAME_KIND_CASTING=3,
+        /* Allow any casts */
+        NPY_UNSAFE_CASTING=4,
+} NPY_CASTING;
+
+typedef enum {
+        NPY_CLIP=0,
+        NPY_WRAP=1,
+        NPY_RAISE=2
+} NPY_CLIPMODE;
+
+typedef enum {
+        NPY_VALID=0,
+        NPY_SAME=1,
+        NPY_FULL=2
+} NPY_CORRELATEMODE;
+
+/* The special not-a-time (NaT) value */
+#define NPY_DATETIME_NAT NPY_MIN_INT64
+
+/*
+ * Upper bound on the length of a DATETIME ISO 8601 string
+ *   YEAR: 21 (64-bit year)
+ *   MONTH: 3
+ *   DAY: 3
+ *   HOURS: 3
+ *   MINUTES: 3
+ *   SECONDS: 3
+ *   ATTOSECONDS: 1 + 3*6
+ *   TIMEZONE: 5
+ *   NULL TERMINATOR: 1
+ */
+#define NPY_DATETIME_MAX_ISO8601_STRLEN (21 + 3*5 + 1 + 3*6 + 6 + 1)
+
+/* The FR in the unit names stands for frequency */
+typedef enum {
+        /* Force signed enum type, must be -1 for code compatibility */
+        NPY_FR_ERROR = -1,      /* error or undetermined */
+
+        /* Start of valid units */
+        NPY_FR_Y = 0,           /* Years */
+        NPY_FR_M = 1,           /* Months */
+        NPY_FR_W = 2,           /* Weeks */
+        /* Gap where 1.6 NPY_FR_B (value 3) was */
+        NPY_FR_D = 4,           /* Days */
+        NPY_FR_h = 5,           /* hours */
+        NPY_FR_m = 6,           /* minutes */
+        NPY_FR_s = 7,           /* seconds */
+        NPY_FR_ms = 8,          /* milliseconds */
+        NPY_FR_us = 9,          /* microseconds */
+        NPY_FR_ns = 10,         /* nanoseconds */
+        NPY_FR_ps = 11,         /* picoseconds */
+        NPY_FR_fs = 12,         /* femtoseconds */
+        NPY_FR_as = 13,         /* attoseconds */
+        NPY_FR_GENERIC = 14     /* unbound units, can convert to anything */
+} NPY_DATETIMEUNIT;
+
+/*
+ * NOTE: With the NPY_FR_B gap for 1.6 ABI compatibility, NPY_DATETIME_NUMUNITS
+ * is technically one more than the actual number of units.
+ */
+#define NPY_DATETIME_NUMUNITS (NPY_FR_GENERIC + 1)
+#define NPY_DATETIME_DEFAULTUNIT NPY_FR_GENERIC
+
+/*
+ * Business day conventions for mapping invalid business
+ * days to valid business days.
+ */
+typedef enum {
+    /* Go forward in time to the following business day. */
+    NPY_BUSDAY_FORWARD,
+    NPY_BUSDAY_FOLLOWING = NPY_BUSDAY_FORWARD,
+    /* Go backward in time to the preceding business day. */
+    NPY_BUSDAY_BACKWARD,
+    NPY_BUSDAY_PRECEDING = NPY_BUSDAY_BACKWARD,
+    /*
+     * Go forward in time to the following business day, unless it
+     * crosses a month boundary, in which case go backward
+     */
+    NPY_BUSDAY_MODIFIEDFOLLOWING,
+    /*
+     * Go backward in time to the preceding business day, unless it
+     * crosses a month boundary, in which case go forward.
+     */
+    NPY_BUSDAY_MODIFIEDPRECEDING,
+    /* Produce a NaT for non-business days. */
+    NPY_BUSDAY_NAT,
+    /* Raise an exception for non-business days. */
+    NPY_BUSDAY_RAISE
+} NPY_BUSDAY_ROLL;
+
+/************************************************************
+ * NumPy Auxiliary Data for inner loops, sort functions, etc.
+ ************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * When creating an auxiliary data struct, this should always appear
+ * as the first member, like this:
+ *
+ * typedef struct {
+ *     NpyAuxData base;
+ *     double constant;
+ * } constant_multiplier_aux_data;
+ */
+typedef struct NpyAuxData_tag NpyAuxData;
+
+/* Function pointers for freeing or cloning auxiliary data */
+typedef void (NpyAuxData_FreeFunc) (NpyAuxData *);
+typedef NpyAuxData *(NpyAuxData_CloneFunc) (NpyAuxData *);
+
+struct NpyAuxData_tag {
+    NpyAuxData_FreeFunc *free;
+    NpyAuxData_CloneFunc *clone;
+    /* To allow for a bit of expansion without breaking the ABI */
+    void *reserved[2];
+};
+
+/* Macros to use for freeing and cloning auxiliary data */
+#define NPY_AUXDATA_FREE(auxdata) \
+    do { \
+        if ((auxdata) != NULL) { \
+            (auxdata)->free(auxdata); \
+        } \
+    } while(0)
+#define NPY_AUXDATA_CLONE(auxdata) \
+    ((auxdata)->clone(auxdata))
+
+#define NPY_ERR(str) fprintf(stderr, #str); fflush(stderr);
+#define NPY_ERR2(str) fprintf(stderr, str); fflush(stderr);
+
+/*
+* Macros to define how array, and dimension/strides data is
+* allocated. These should be made private
+*/
+
+#define NPY_USE_PYMEM 1
+
+
+#if NPY_USE_PYMEM == 1
+/* use the Raw versions which are safe to call with the GIL released */
+#define PyArray_malloc PyMem_RawMalloc
+#define PyArray_free PyMem_RawFree
+#define PyArray_realloc PyMem_RawRealloc
+#else
+#define PyArray_malloc malloc
+#define PyArray_free free
+#define PyArray_realloc realloc
+#endif
+
+/* Dimensions and strides */
+#define PyDimMem_NEW(size)                                         \
+    ((npy_intp *)PyArray_malloc(size*sizeof(npy_intp)))
+
+#define PyDimMem_FREE(ptr) PyArray_free(ptr)
+
+#define PyDimMem_RENEW(ptr,size)                                   \
+        ((npy_intp *)PyArray_realloc(ptr,size*sizeof(npy_intp)))
+
+/* forward declaration */
+struct _PyArray_Descr;
+
+/* These must deal with unaligned and swapped data if necessary */
+typedef PyObject * (PyArray_GetItemFunc) (void *, void *);
+typedef int (PyArray_SetItemFunc)(PyObject *, void *, void *);
+
+typedef void (PyArray_CopySwapNFunc)(void *, npy_intp, void *, npy_intp,
+                                     npy_intp, int, void *);
+
+typedef void (PyArray_CopySwapFunc)(void *, void *, int, void *);
+typedef npy_bool (PyArray_NonzeroFunc)(void *, void *);
+
+
+/*
+ * These assume aligned and notswapped data -- a buffer will be used
+ * before or contiguous data will be obtained
+ */
+
+typedef int (PyArray_CompareFunc)(const void *, const void *, void *);
+typedef int (PyArray_ArgFunc)(void*, npy_intp, npy_intp*, void *);
+
+typedef void (PyArray_DotFunc)(void *, npy_intp, void *, npy_intp, void *,
+                               npy_intp, void *);
+
+typedef void (PyArray_VectorUnaryFunc)(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *,
+                                       void *);
+
+/*
+ * XXX the ignore argument should be removed next time the API version
+ * is bumped. It used to be the separator.
+ */
+typedef int (PyArray_ScanFunc)(FILE *fp, void *dptr,
+                               char *ignore, struct _PyArray_Descr *);
+typedef int (PyArray_FromStrFunc)(char *s, void *dptr, char **endptr,
+                                  struct _PyArray_Descr *);
+
+typedef int (PyArray_FillFunc)(void *, npy_intp, void *);
+
+typedef int (PyArray_SortFunc)(void *, npy_intp, void *);
+typedef int (PyArray_ArgSortFunc)(void *, npy_intp *, npy_intp, void *);
+typedef int (PyArray_PartitionFunc)(void *, npy_intp, npy_intp,
+                                    npy_intp *, npy_intp *,
+                                    void *);
+typedef int (PyArray_ArgPartitionFunc)(void *, npy_intp *, npy_intp, npy_intp,
+                                       npy_intp *, npy_intp *,
+                                       void *);
+
+typedef int (PyArray_FillWithScalarFunc)(void *, npy_intp, void *, void *);
+
+typedef int (PyArray_ScalarKindFunc)(void *);
+
+typedef void (PyArray_FastClipFunc)(void *in, npy_intp n_in, void *min,
+                                    void *max, void *out);
+typedef void (PyArray_FastPutmaskFunc)(void *in, void *mask, npy_intp n_in,
+                                       void *values, npy_intp nv);
+typedef int  (PyArray_FastTakeFunc)(void *dest, void *src, npy_intp *indarray,
+                                       npy_intp nindarray, npy_intp n_outer,
+                                       npy_intp m_middle, npy_intp nelem,
+                                       NPY_CLIPMODE clipmode);
+
+typedef struct {
+        npy_intp *ptr;
+        int len;
+} PyArray_Dims;
+
+typedef struct {
+        /*
+         * Functions to cast to most other standard types
+         * Can have some NULL entries. The types
+         * DATETIME, TIMEDELTA, and HALF go into the castdict
+         * even though they are built-in.
+         */
+        PyArray_VectorUnaryFunc *cast[NPY_NTYPES_ABI_COMPATIBLE];
+
+        /* The next four functions *cannot* be NULL */
+
+        /*
+         * Functions to get and set items with standard Python types
+         * -- not array scalars
+         */
+        PyArray_GetItemFunc *getitem;
+        PyArray_SetItemFunc *setitem;
+
+        /*
+         * Copy and/or swap data.  Memory areas may not overlap
+         * Use memmove first if they might
+         */
+        PyArray_CopySwapNFunc *copyswapn;
+        PyArray_CopySwapFunc *copyswap;
+
+        /*
+         * Function to compare items
+         * Can be NULL
+         */
+        PyArray_CompareFunc *compare;
+
+        /*
+         * Function to select largest
+         * Can be NULL
+         */
+        PyArray_ArgFunc *argmax;
+
+        /*
+         * Function to compute dot product
+         * Can be NULL
+         */
+        PyArray_DotFunc *dotfunc;
+
+        /*
+         * Function to scan an ASCII file and
+         * place a single value plus possible separator
+         * Can be NULL
+         */
+        PyArray_ScanFunc *scanfunc;
+
+        /*
+         * Function to read a single value from a string
+         * and adjust the pointer; Can be NULL
+         */
+        PyArray_FromStrFunc *fromstr;
+
+        /*
+         * Function to determine if data is zero or not
+         * If NULL a default version is
+         * used at Registration time.
+         */
+        PyArray_NonzeroFunc *nonzero;
+
+        /*
+         * Used for arange. Should return 0 on success
+         * and -1 on failure.
+         * Can be NULL.
+         */
+        PyArray_FillFunc *fill;
+
+        /*
+         * Function to fill arrays with scalar values
+         * Can be NULL
+         */
+        PyArray_FillWithScalarFunc *fillwithscalar;
+
+        /*
+         * Sorting functions
+         * Can be NULL
+         */
+        PyArray_SortFunc *sort[NPY_NSORTS];
+        PyArray_ArgSortFunc *argsort[NPY_NSORTS];
+
+        /*
+         * Dictionary of additional casting functions
+         * PyArray_VectorUnaryFuncs
+         * which can be populated to support casting
+         * to other registered types. Can be NULL
+         */
+        PyObject *castdict;
+
+        /*
+         * Functions useful for generalizing
+         * the casting rules.
+         * Can be NULL;
+         */
+        PyArray_ScalarKindFunc *scalarkind;
+        int **cancastscalarkindto;
+        int *cancastto;
+
+        PyArray_FastClipFunc *fastclip;
+        PyArray_FastPutmaskFunc *fastputmask;
+        PyArray_FastTakeFunc *fasttake;
+
+        /*
+         * Function to select smallest
+         * Can be NULL
+         */
+        PyArray_ArgFunc *argmin;
+
+} PyArray_ArrFuncs;
+
+/* The item must be reference counted when it is inserted or extracted. */
+#define NPY_ITEM_REFCOUNT   0x01
+/* Same as needing REFCOUNT */
+#define NPY_ITEM_HASOBJECT  0x01
+/* Convert to list for pickling */
+#define NPY_LIST_PICKLE     0x02
+/* The item is a POINTER  */
+#define NPY_ITEM_IS_POINTER 0x04
+/* memory needs to be initialized for this data-type */
+#define NPY_NEEDS_INIT      0x08
+/* operations need Python C-API so don't give-up thread. */
+#define NPY_NEEDS_PYAPI     0x10
+/* Use f.getitem when extracting elements of this data-type */
+#define NPY_USE_GETITEM     0x20
+/* Use f.setitem when setting creating 0-d array from this data-type.*/
+#define NPY_USE_SETITEM     0x40
+/* A sticky flag specifically for structured arrays */
+#define NPY_ALIGNED_STRUCT  0x80
+
+/*
+ *These are inherited for global data-type if any data-types in the
+ * field have them
+ */
+#define NPY_FROM_FIELDS    (NPY_NEEDS_INIT | NPY_LIST_PICKLE | \
+                            NPY_ITEM_REFCOUNT | NPY_NEEDS_PYAPI)
+
+#define NPY_OBJECT_DTYPE_FLAGS (NPY_LIST_PICKLE | NPY_USE_GETITEM | \
+                                NPY_ITEM_IS_POINTER | NPY_ITEM_REFCOUNT | \
+                                NPY_NEEDS_INIT | NPY_NEEDS_PYAPI)
+
+#define PyDataType_FLAGCHK(dtype, flag) \
+        (((dtype)->flags & (flag)) == (flag))
+
+#define PyDataType_REFCHK(dtype) \
+        PyDataType_FLAGCHK(dtype, NPY_ITEM_REFCOUNT)
+
+typedef struct _PyArray_Descr {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        /*
+         * the type object representing an
+         * instance of this type -- should not
+         * be two type_numbers with the same type
+         * object.
+         */
+        PyTypeObject *typeobj;
+        /* kind for this type */
+        char kind;
+        /* unique-character representing this type */
+        char type;
+        /*
+         * '>' (big), '<' (little), '|'
+         * (not-applicable), or '=' (native).
+         */
+        char byteorder;
+        /* flags describing data type */
+        char flags;
+        /* number representing this type */
+        int type_num;
+        /* element size (itemsize) for this type */
+        int elsize;
+        /* alignment needed for this type */
+        int alignment;
+        /*
+         * Non-NULL if this type is
+         * is an array (C-contiguous)
+         * of some other type
+         */
+        struct _arr_descr *subarray;
+        /*
+         * The fields dictionary for this type
+         * For statically defined descr this
+         * is always Py_None
+         */
+        PyObject *fields;
+        /*
+         * An ordered tuple of field names or NULL
+         * if no fields are defined
+         */
+        PyObject *names;
+        /*
+         * a table of functions specific for each
+         * basic data descriptor
+         */
+        PyArray_ArrFuncs *f;
+        /* Metadata about this dtype */
+        PyObject *metadata;
+        /*
+         * Metadata specific to the C implementation
+         * of the particular dtype. This was added
+         * for NumPy 1.7.0.
+         */
+        NpyAuxData *c_metadata;
+        /* Cached hash value (-1 if not yet computed).
+         * This was added for NumPy 2.0.0.
+         */
+        npy_hash_t hash;
+} PyArray_Descr;
+
+typedef struct _arr_descr {
+        PyArray_Descr *base;
+        PyObject *shape;       /* a tuple */
+} PyArray_ArrayDescr;
+
+/*
+ * Memory handler structure for array data.
+ */
+/* The declaration of free differs from PyMemAllocatorEx */
+typedef struct {
+    void *ctx;
+    void* (*malloc) (void *ctx, size_t size);
+    void* (*calloc) (void *ctx, size_t nelem, size_t elsize);
+    void* (*realloc) (void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t new_size);
+    void (*free) (void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t size);
+    /*
+     * This is the end of the version=1 struct. Only add new fields after
+     * this line
+     */
+} PyDataMemAllocator;
+
+typedef struct {
+    char name[127];  /* multiple of 64 to keep the struct aligned */
+    uint8_t version; /* currently 1 */
+    PyDataMemAllocator allocator;
+} PyDataMem_Handler;
+
+
+/*
+ * The main array object structure.
+ *
+ * It has been recommended to use the inline functions defined below
+ * (PyArray_DATA and friends) to access fields here for a number of
+ * releases. Direct access to the members themselves is deprecated.
+ * To ensure that your code does not use deprecated access,
+ * #define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION
+ * (or NPY_1_8_API_VERSION or higher as required).
+ */
+/* This struct will be moved to a private header in a future release */
+typedef struct tagPyArrayObject_fields {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    /* Pointer to the raw data buffer */
+    char *data;
+    /* The number of dimensions, also called 'ndim' */
+    int nd;
+    /* The size in each dimension, also called 'shape' */
+    npy_intp *dimensions;
+    /*
+     * Number of bytes to jump to get to the
+     * next element in each dimension
+     */
+    npy_intp *strides;
+    /*
+     * This object is decref'd upon
+     * deletion of array. Except in the
+     * case of WRITEBACKIFCOPY which has
+     * special handling.
+     *
+     * For views it points to the original
+     * array, collapsed so no chains of
+     * views occur.
+     *
+     * For creation from buffer object it
+     * points to an object that should be
+     * decref'd on deletion
+     *
+     * For WRITEBACKIFCOPY flag this is an
+     * array to-be-updated upon calling
+     * PyArray_ResolveWritebackIfCopy
+     */
+    PyObject *base;
+    /* Pointer to type structure */
+    PyArray_Descr *descr;
+    /* Flags describing array -- see below */
+    int flags;
+    /* For weak references */
+    PyObject *weakreflist;
+#if NPY_FEATURE_VERSION >= NPY_1_20_API_VERSION
+    void *_buffer_info;  /* private buffer info, tagged to allow warning */
+#endif
+    /*
+     * For malloc/calloc/realloc/free per object
+     */
+#if NPY_FEATURE_VERSION >= NPY_1_22_API_VERSION
+    PyObject *mem_handler;
+#endif
+} PyArrayObject_fields;
+
+/*
+ * To hide the implementation details, we only expose
+ * the Python struct HEAD.
+ */
+#if !defined(NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API) || \
+    (NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API < NPY_1_7_API_VERSION)
+/*
+ * Can't put this in npy_deprecated_api.h like the others.
+ * PyArrayObject field access is deprecated as of NumPy 1.7.
+ */
+typedef PyArrayObject_fields PyArrayObject;
+#else
+typedef struct tagPyArrayObject {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+} PyArrayObject;
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Removed 2020-Nov-25, NumPy 1.20
+ * #define NPY_SIZEOF_PYARRAYOBJECT (sizeof(PyArrayObject_fields))
+ *
+ * The above macro was removed as it gave a false sense of a stable ABI
+ * with respect to the structures size.  If you require a runtime constant,
+ * you can use `PyArray_Type.tp_basicsize` instead.  Otherwise, please
+ * see the PyArrayObject documentation or ask the NumPy developers for
+ * information on how to correctly replace the macro in a way that is
+ * compatible with multiple NumPy versions.
+ */
+
+
+/* Array Flags Object */
+typedef struct PyArrayFlagsObject {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        PyObject *arr;
+        int flags;
+} PyArrayFlagsObject;
+
+/* Mirrors buffer object to ptr */
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        PyObject *base;
+        void *ptr;
+        npy_intp len;
+        int flags;
+} PyArray_Chunk;
+
+typedef struct {
+    NPY_DATETIMEUNIT base;
+    int num;
+} PyArray_DatetimeMetaData;
+
+typedef struct {
+    NpyAuxData base;
+    PyArray_DatetimeMetaData meta;
+} PyArray_DatetimeDTypeMetaData;
+
+/*
+ * This structure contains an exploded view of a date-time value.
+ * NaT is represented by year == NPY_DATETIME_NAT.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+        npy_int64 year;
+        npy_int32 month, day, hour, min, sec, us, ps, as;
+} npy_datetimestruct;
+
+/* This is not used internally. */
+typedef struct {
+        npy_int64 day;
+        npy_int32 sec, us, ps, as;
+} npy_timedeltastruct;
+
+typedef int (PyArray_FinalizeFunc)(PyArrayObject *, PyObject *);
+
+/*
+ * Means c-style contiguous (last index varies the fastest). The data
+ * elements right after each other.
+ *
+ * This flag may be requested in constructor functions.
+ * This flag may be tested for in PyArray_FLAGS(arr).
+ */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS    0x0001
+
+/*
+ * Set if array is a contiguous Fortran array: the first index varies
+ * the fastest in memory (strides array is reverse of C-contiguous
+ * array)
+ *
+ * This flag may be requested in constructor functions.
+ * This flag may be tested for in PyArray_FLAGS(arr).
+ */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS    0x0002
+
+/*
+ * Note: all 0-d arrays are C_CONTIGUOUS and F_CONTIGUOUS. If a
+ * 1-d array is C_CONTIGUOUS it is also F_CONTIGUOUS. Arrays with
+ * more then one dimension can be C_CONTIGUOUS and F_CONTIGUOUS
+ * at the same time if they have either zero or one element.
+ * A higher dimensional array always has the same contiguity flags as
+ * `array.squeeze()`; dimensions with `array.shape[dimension] == 1` are
+ * effectively ignored when checking for contiguity.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * If set, the array owns the data: it will be free'd when the array
+ * is deleted.
+ *
+ * This flag may be tested for in PyArray_FLAGS(arr).
+ */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_OWNDATA         0x0004
+
+/*
+ * An array never has the next four set; they're only used as parameter
+ * flags to the various FromAny functions
+ *
+ * This flag may be requested in constructor functions.
+ */
+
+/* Cause a cast to occur regardless of whether or not it is safe. */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_FORCECAST       0x0010
+
+/*
+ * Always copy the array. Returned arrays are always CONTIGUOUS,
+ * ALIGNED, and WRITEABLE. See also: NPY_ARRAY_ENSURENOCOPY = 0x4000.
+ *
+ * This flag may be requested in constructor functions.
+ */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_ENSURECOPY      0x0020
+
+/*
+ * Make sure the returned array is a base-class ndarray
+ *
+ * This flag may be requested in constructor functions.
+ */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY     0x0040
+
+/*
+ * Make sure that the strides are in units of the element size Needed
+ * for some operations with record-arrays.
+ *
+ * This flag may be requested in constructor functions.
+ */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_ELEMENTSTRIDES  0x0080
+
+/*
+ * Array data is aligned on the appropriate memory address for the type
+ * stored according to how the compiler would align things (e.g., an
+ * array of integers (4 bytes each) starts on a memory address that's
+ * a multiple of 4)
+ *
+ * This flag may be requested in constructor functions.
+ * This flag may be tested for in PyArray_FLAGS(arr).
+ */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED         0x0100
+
+/*
+ * Array data has the native endianness
+ *
+ * This flag may be requested in constructor functions.
+ */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_NOTSWAPPED      0x0200
+
+/*
+ * Array data is writeable
+ *
+ * This flag may be requested in constructor functions.
+ * This flag may be tested for in PyArray_FLAGS(arr).
+ */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE       0x0400
+
+/*
+ * If this flag is set, then base contains a pointer to an array of
+ * the same size that should be updated with the current contents of
+ * this array when PyArray_ResolveWritebackIfCopy is called.
+ *
+ * This flag may be requested in constructor functions.
+ * This flag may be tested for in PyArray_FLAGS(arr).
+ */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_WRITEBACKIFCOPY 0x2000
+
+/*
+ * No copy may be made while converting from an object/array (result is a view)
+ *
+ * This flag may be requested in constructor functions.
+ */
+#define NPY_ARRAY_ENSURENOCOPY 0x4000
+
+/*
+ * NOTE: there are also internal flags defined in multiarray/arrayobject.h,
+ * which start at bit 31 and work down.
+ */
+
+#define NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED      (NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED | \
+                                NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED_NS   (NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED | \
+                                NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE | \
+                                NPY_ARRAY_NOTSWAPPED)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY       (NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS | \
+                                NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY_RO    (NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS | \
+                                NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_FARRAY       (NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS | \
+                                NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_FARRAY_RO    (NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS | \
+                                NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT      (NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_IN_ARRAY     (NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY_RO)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_OUT_ARRAY    (NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_INOUT_ARRAY  (NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_INOUT_ARRAY2 (NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY | \
+                                NPY_ARRAY_WRITEBACKIFCOPY)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_IN_FARRAY    (NPY_ARRAY_FARRAY_RO)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_OUT_FARRAY   (NPY_ARRAY_FARRAY)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_INOUT_FARRAY (NPY_ARRAY_FARRAY)
+#define NPY_ARRAY_INOUT_FARRAY2 (NPY_ARRAY_FARRAY | \
+                                NPY_ARRAY_WRITEBACKIFCOPY)
+
+#define NPY_ARRAY_UPDATE_ALL   (NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS | \
+                                NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS | \
+                                NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED)
+
+/* This flag is for the array interface, not PyArrayObject */
+#define NPY_ARR_HAS_DESCR  0x0800
+
+
+
+
+/*
+ * Size of internal buffers used for alignment Make BUFSIZE a multiple
+ * of sizeof(npy_cdouble) -- usually 16 so that ufunc buffers are aligned
+ */
+#define NPY_MIN_BUFSIZE ((int)sizeof(npy_cdouble))
+#define NPY_MAX_BUFSIZE (((int)sizeof(npy_cdouble))*1000000)
+#define NPY_BUFSIZE 8192
+/* buffer stress test size: */
+/*#define NPY_BUFSIZE 17*/
+
+#define PyArray_MAX(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
+#define PyArray_MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b))
+#define PyArray_CLT(p,q) ((((p).real==(q).real) ? ((p).imag < (q).imag) : \
+                               ((p).real < (q).real)))
+#define PyArray_CGT(p,q) ((((p).real==(q).real) ? ((p).imag > (q).imag) : \
+                               ((p).real > (q).real)))
+#define PyArray_CLE(p,q) ((((p).real==(q).real) ? ((p).imag <= (q).imag) : \
+                               ((p).real <= (q).real)))
+#define PyArray_CGE(p,q) ((((p).real==(q).real) ? ((p).imag >= (q).imag) : \
+                               ((p).real >= (q).real)))
+#define PyArray_CEQ(p,q) (((p).real==(q).real) && ((p).imag == (q).imag))
+#define PyArray_CNE(p,q) (((p).real!=(q).real) || ((p).imag != (q).imag))
+
+/*
+ * C API: consists of Macros and functions.  The MACROS are defined
+ * here.
+ */
+
+
+#define PyArray_ISCONTIGUOUS(m) PyArray_CHKFLAGS((m), NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS)
+#define PyArray_ISWRITEABLE(m) PyArray_CHKFLAGS((m), NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE)
+#define PyArray_ISALIGNED(m) PyArray_CHKFLAGS((m), NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED)
+
+#define PyArray_IS_C_CONTIGUOUS(m) PyArray_CHKFLAGS((m), NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS)
+#define PyArray_IS_F_CONTIGUOUS(m) PyArray_CHKFLAGS((m), NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS)
+
+/* the variable is used in some places, so always define it */
+#define NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DEF PyThreadState *_save=NULL;
+#if NPY_ALLOW_THREADS
+#define NPY_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
+#define NPY_END_ALLOW_THREADS Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
+#define NPY_BEGIN_THREADS do {_save = PyEval_SaveThread();} while (0);
+#define NPY_END_THREADS   do { if (_save) \
+                { PyEval_RestoreThread(_save); _save = NULL;} } while (0);
+#define NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_THRESHOLDED(loop_size) do { if ((loop_size) > 500) \
+                { _save = PyEval_SaveThread();} } while (0);
+
+#define NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DESCR(dtype) \
+        do {if (!(PyDataType_FLAGCHK((dtype), NPY_NEEDS_PYAPI))) \
+                NPY_BEGIN_THREADS;} while (0);
+
+#define NPY_END_THREADS_DESCR(dtype) \
+        do {if (!(PyDataType_FLAGCHK((dtype), NPY_NEEDS_PYAPI))) \
+                NPY_END_THREADS; } while (0);
+
+#define NPY_ALLOW_C_API_DEF  PyGILState_STATE __save__;
+#define NPY_ALLOW_C_API      do {__save__ = PyGILState_Ensure();} while (0);
+#define NPY_DISABLE_C_API    do {PyGILState_Release(__save__);} while (0);
+#else
+#define NPY_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
+#define NPY_END_ALLOW_THREADS
+#define NPY_BEGIN_THREADS
+#define NPY_END_THREADS
+#define NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_THRESHOLDED(loop_size)
+#define NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DESCR(dtype)
+#define NPY_END_THREADS_DESCR(dtype)
+#define NPY_ALLOW_C_API_DEF
+#define NPY_ALLOW_C_API
+#define NPY_DISABLE_C_API
+#endif
+
+/**********************************
+ * The nditer object, added in 1.6
+ **********************************/
+
+/* The actual structure of the iterator is an internal detail */
+typedef struct NpyIter_InternalOnly NpyIter;
+
+/* Iterator function pointers that may be specialized */
+typedef int (NpyIter_IterNextFunc)(NpyIter *iter);
+typedef void (NpyIter_GetMultiIndexFunc)(NpyIter *iter,
+                                      npy_intp *outcoords);
+
+/*** Global flags that may be passed to the iterator constructors ***/
+
+/* Track an index representing C order */
+#define NPY_ITER_C_INDEX                    0x00000001
+/* Track an index representing Fortran order */
+#define NPY_ITER_F_INDEX                    0x00000002
+/* Track a multi-index */
+#define NPY_ITER_MULTI_INDEX                0x00000004
+/* User code external to the iterator does the 1-dimensional innermost loop */
+#define NPY_ITER_EXTERNAL_LOOP              0x00000008
+/* Convert all the operands to a common data type */
+#define NPY_ITER_COMMON_DTYPE               0x00000010
+/* Operands may hold references, requiring API access during iteration */
+#define NPY_ITER_REFS_OK                    0x00000020
+/* Zero-sized operands should be permitted, iteration checks IterSize for 0 */
+#define NPY_ITER_ZEROSIZE_OK                0x00000040
+/* Permits reductions (size-0 stride with dimension size > 1) */
+#define NPY_ITER_REDUCE_OK                  0x00000080
+/* Enables sub-range iteration */
+#define NPY_ITER_RANGED                     0x00000100
+/* Enables buffering */
+#define NPY_ITER_BUFFERED                   0x00000200
+/* When buffering is enabled, grows the inner loop if possible */
+#define NPY_ITER_GROWINNER                  0x00000400
+/* Delay allocation of buffers until first Reset* call */
+#define NPY_ITER_DELAY_BUFALLOC             0x00000800
+/* When NPY_KEEPORDER is specified, disable reversing negative-stride axes */
+#define NPY_ITER_DONT_NEGATE_STRIDES        0x00001000
+/*
+ * If output operands overlap with other operands (based on heuristics that
+ * has false positives but no false negatives), make temporary copies to
+ * eliminate overlap.
+ */
+#define NPY_ITER_COPY_IF_OVERLAP            0x00002000
+
+/*** Per-operand flags that may be passed to the iterator constructors ***/
+
+/* The operand will be read from and written to */
+#define NPY_ITER_READWRITE                  0x00010000
+/* The operand will only be read from */
+#define NPY_ITER_READONLY                   0x00020000
+/* The operand will only be written to */
+#define NPY_ITER_WRITEONLY                  0x00040000
+/* The operand's data must be in native byte order */
+#define NPY_ITER_NBO                        0x00080000
+/* The operand's data must be aligned */
+#define NPY_ITER_ALIGNED                    0x00100000
+/* The operand's data must be contiguous (within the inner loop) */
+#define NPY_ITER_CONTIG                     0x00200000
+/* The operand may be copied to satisfy requirements */
+#define NPY_ITER_COPY                       0x00400000
+/* The operand may be copied with WRITEBACKIFCOPY to satisfy requirements */
+#define NPY_ITER_UPDATEIFCOPY               0x00800000
+/* Allocate the operand if it is NULL */
+#define NPY_ITER_ALLOCATE                   0x01000000
+/* If an operand is allocated, don't use any subtype */
+#define NPY_ITER_NO_SUBTYPE                 0x02000000
+/* This is a virtual array slot, operand is NULL but temporary data is there */
+#define NPY_ITER_VIRTUAL                    0x04000000
+/* Require that the dimension match the iterator dimensions exactly */
+#define NPY_ITER_NO_BROADCAST               0x08000000
+/* A mask is being used on this array, affects buffer -> array copy */
+#define NPY_ITER_WRITEMASKED                0x10000000
+/* This array is the mask for all WRITEMASKED operands */
+#define NPY_ITER_ARRAYMASK                  0x20000000
+/* Assume iterator order data access for COPY_IF_OVERLAP */
+#define NPY_ITER_OVERLAP_ASSUME_ELEMENTWISE 0x40000000
+
+#define NPY_ITER_GLOBAL_FLAGS               0x0000ffff
+#define NPY_ITER_PER_OP_FLAGS               0xffff0000
+
+
+/*****************************
+ * Basic iterator object
+ *****************************/
+
+/* FWD declaration */
+typedef struct PyArrayIterObject_tag PyArrayIterObject;
+
+/*
+ * type of the function which translates a set of coordinates to a
+ * pointer to the data
+ */
+typedef char* (*npy_iter_get_dataptr_t)(
+        PyArrayIterObject* iter, const npy_intp*);
+
+struct PyArrayIterObject_tag {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        int               nd_m1;            /* number of dimensions - 1 */
+        npy_intp          index, size;
+        npy_intp          coordinates[NPY_MAXDIMS];/* N-dimensional loop */
+        npy_intp          dims_m1[NPY_MAXDIMS];    /* ao->dimensions - 1 */
+        npy_intp          strides[NPY_MAXDIMS];    /* ao->strides or fake */
+        npy_intp          backstrides[NPY_MAXDIMS];/* how far to jump back */
+        npy_intp          factors[NPY_MAXDIMS];     /* shape factors */
+        PyArrayObject     *ao;
+        char              *dataptr;        /* pointer to current item*/
+        npy_bool          contiguous;
+
+        npy_intp          bounds[NPY_MAXDIMS][2];
+        npy_intp          limits[NPY_MAXDIMS][2];
+        npy_intp          limits_sizes[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+        npy_iter_get_dataptr_t translate;
+} ;
+
+
+/* Iterator API */
+#define PyArrayIter_Check(op) PyObject_TypeCheck((op), &PyArrayIter_Type)
+
+#define _PyAIT(it) ((PyArrayIterObject *)(it))
+#define PyArray_ITER_RESET(it) do { \
+        _PyAIT(it)->index = 0; \
+        _PyAIT(it)->dataptr = PyArray_BYTES(_PyAIT(it)->ao); \
+        memset(_PyAIT(it)->coordinates, 0, \
+               (_PyAIT(it)->nd_m1+1)*sizeof(npy_intp)); \
+} while (0)
+
+#define _PyArray_ITER_NEXT1(it) do { \
+        (it)->dataptr += _PyAIT(it)->strides[0]; \
+        (it)->coordinates[0]++; \
+} while (0)
+
+#define _PyArray_ITER_NEXT2(it) do { \
+        if ((it)->coordinates[1] < (it)->dims_m1[1]) { \
+                (it)->coordinates[1]++; \
+                (it)->dataptr += (it)->strides[1]; \
+        } \
+        else { \
+                (it)->coordinates[1] = 0; \
+                (it)->coordinates[0]++; \
+                (it)->dataptr += (it)->strides[0] - \
+                        (it)->backstrides[1]; \
+        } \
+} while (0)
+
+#define PyArray_ITER_NEXT(it) do { \
+        _PyAIT(it)->index++; \
+        if (_PyAIT(it)->nd_m1 == 0) { \
+                _PyArray_ITER_NEXT1(_PyAIT(it)); \
+        } \
+        else if (_PyAIT(it)->contiguous) \
+                _PyAIT(it)->dataptr += PyArray_DESCR(_PyAIT(it)->ao)->elsize; \
+        else if (_PyAIT(it)->nd_m1 == 1) { \
+                _PyArray_ITER_NEXT2(_PyAIT(it)); \
+        } \
+        else { \
+                int __npy_i; \
+                for (__npy_i=_PyAIT(it)->nd_m1; __npy_i >= 0; __npy_i--) { \
+                        if (_PyAIT(it)->coordinates[__npy_i] < \
+                            _PyAIT(it)->dims_m1[__npy_i]) { \
+                                _PyAIT(it)->coordinates[__npy_i]++; \
+                                _PyAIT(it)->dataptr += \
+                                        _PyAIT(it)->strides[__npy_i]; \
+                                break; \
+                        } \
+                        else { \
+                                _PyAIT(it)->coordinates[__npy_i] = 0; \
+                                _PyAIT(it)->dataptr -= \
+                                        _PyAIT(it)->backstrides[__npy_i]; \
+                        } \
+                } \
+        } \
+} while (0)
+
+#define PyArray_ITER_GOTO(it, destination) do { \
+        int __npy_i; \
+        _PyAIT(it)->index = 0; \
+        _PyAIT(it)->dataptr = PyArray_BYTES(_PyAIT(it)->ao); \
+        for (__npy_i = _PyAIT(it)->nd_m1; __npy_i>=0; __npy_i--) { \
+                if (destination[__npy_i] < 0) { \
+                        destination[__npy_i] += \
+                                _PyAIT(it)->dims_m1[__npy_i]+1; \
+                } \
+                _PyAIT(it)->dataptr += destination[__npy_i] * \
+                        _PyAIT(it)->strides[__npy_i]; \
+                _PyAIT(it)->coordinates[__npy_i] = \
+                        destination[__npy_i]; \
+                _PyAIT(it)->index += destination[__npy_i] * \
+                        ( __npy_i==_PyAIT(it)->nd_m1 ? 1 : \
+                          _PyAIT(it)->dims_m1[__npy_i+1]+1) ; \
+        } \
+} while (0)
+
+#define PyArray_ITER_GOTO1D(it, ind) do { \
+        int __npy_i; \
+        npy_intp __npy_ind = (npy_intp)(ind); \
+        if (__npy_ind < 0) __npy_ind += _PyAIT(it)->size; \
+        _PyAIT(it)->index = __npy_ind; \
+        if (_PyAIT(it)->nd_m1 == 0) { \
+                _PyAIT(it)->dataptr = PyArray_BYTES(_PyAIT(it)->ao) + \
+                        __npy_ind * _PyAIT(it)->strides[0]; \
+        } \
+        else if (_PyAIT(it)->contiguous) \
+                _PyAIT(it)->dataptr = PyArray_BYTES(_PyAIT(it)->ao) + \
+                        __npy_ind * PyArray_DESCR(_PyAIT(it)->ao)->elsize; \
+        else { \
+                _PyAIT(it)->dataptr = PyArray_BYTES(_PyAIT(it)->ao); \
+                for (__npy_i = 0; __npy_i<=_PyAIT(it)->nd_m1; \
+                     __npy_i++) { \
+                        _PyAIT(it)->coordinates[__npy_i] = \
+                                (__npy_ind / _PyAIT(it)->factors[__npy_i]); \
+                        _PyAIT(it)->dataptr += \
+                                (__npy_ind / _PyAIT(it)->factors[__npy_i]) \
+                                * _PyAIT(it)->strides[__npy_i]; \
+                        __npy_ind %= _PyAIT(it)->factors[__npy_i]; \
+                } \
+        } \
+} while (0)
+
+#define PyArray_ITER_DATA(it) ((void *)(_PyAIT(it)->dataptr))
+
+#define PyArray_ITER_NOTDONE(it) (_PyAIT(it)->index < _PyAIT(it)->size)
+
+
+/*
+ * Any object passed to PyArray_Broadcast must be binary compatible
+ * with this structure.
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        int                  numiter;                 /* number of iters */
+        npy_intp             size;                    /* broadcasted size */
+        npy_intp             index;                   /* current index */
+        int                  nd;                      /* number of dims */
+        npy_intp             dimensions[NPY_MAXDIMS]; /* dimensions */
+        PyArrayIterObject    *iters[NPY_MAXARGS];     /* iterators */
+} PyArrayMultiIterObject;
+
+#define _PyMIT(m) ((PyArrayMultiIterObject *)(m))
+#define PyArray_MultiIter_RESET(multi) do {                                   \
+        int __npy_mi;                                                         \
+        _PyMIT(multi)->index = 0;                                             \
+        for (__npy_mi=0; __npy_mi < _PyMIT(multi)->numiter;  __npy_mi++) {    \
+                PyArray_ITER_RESET(_PyMIT(multi)->iters[__npy_mi]);           \
+        }                                                                     \
+} while (0)
+
+#define PyArray_MultiIter_NEXT(multi) do {                                    \
+        int __npy_mi;                                                         \
+        _PyMIT(multi)->index++;                                               \
+        for (__npy_mi=0; __npy_mi < _PyMIT(multi)->numiter;   __npy_mi++) {   \
+                PyArray_ITER_NEXT(_PyMIT(multi)->iters[__npy_mi]);            \
+        }                                                                     \
+} while (0)
+
+#define PyArray_MultiIter_GOTO(multi, dest) do {                            \
+        int __npy_mi;                                                       \
+        for (__npy_mi=0; __npy_mi < _PyMIT(multi)->numiter; __npy_mi++) {   \
+                PyArray_ITER_GOTO(_PyMIT(multi)->iters[__npy_mi], dest);    \
+        }                                                                   \
+        _PyMIT(multi)->index = _PyMIT(multi)->iters[0]->index;              \
+} while (0)
+
+#define PyArray_MultiIter_GOTO1D(multi, ind) do {                          \
+        int __npy_mi;                                                      \
+        for (__npy_mi=0; __npy_mi < _PyMIT(multi)->numiter; __npy_mi++) {  \
+                PyArray_ITER_GOTO1D(_PyMIT(multi)->iters[__npy_mi], ind);  \
+        }                                                                  \
+        _PyMIT(multi)->index = _PyMIT(multi)->iters[0]->index;             \
+} while (0)
+
+#define PyArray_MultiIter_DATA(multi, i)                \
+        ((void *)(_PyMIT(multi)->iters[i]->dataptr))
+
+#define PyArray_MultiIter_NEXTi(multi, i)               \
+        PyArray_ITER_NEXT(_PyMIT(multi)->iters[i])
+
+#define PyArray_MultiIter_NOTDONE(multi)                \
+        (_PyMIT(multi)->index < _PyMIT(multi)->size)
+
+/*
+ * Store the information needed for fancy-indexing over an array. The
+ * fields are slightly unordered to keep consec, dataptr and subspace
+ * where they were originally.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        /*
+         * Multi-iterator portion --- needs to be present in this
+         * order to work with PyArray_Broadcast
+         */
+
+        int                   numiter;                 /* number of index-array
+                                                          iterators */
+        npy_intp              size;                    /* size of broadcasted
+                                                          result */
+        npy_intp              index;                   /* current index */
+        int                   nd;                      /* number of dims */
+        npy_intp              dimensions[NPY_MAXDIMS]; /* dimensions */
+        NpyIter               *outer;                  /* index objects
+                                                          iterator */
+        void                  *unused[NPY_MAXDIMS - 2];
+        PyArrayObject         *array;
+        /* Flat iterator for the indexed array. For compatibility solely. */
+        PyArrayIterObject     *ait;
+
+        /*
+         * Subspace array. For binary compatibility (was an iterator,
+         * but only the check for NULL should be used).
+         */
+        PyArrayObject         *subspace;
+
+        /*
+         * if subspace iteration, then this is the array of axes in
+         * the underlying array represented by the index objects
+         */
+        int                   iteraxes[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+        npy_intp              fancy_strides[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+
+        /* pointer when all fancy indices are 0 */
+        char                  *baseoffset;
+
+        /*
+         * after binding consec denotes at which axis the fancy axes
+         * are inserted.
+         */
+        int                   consec;
+        char                  *dataptr;
+
+        int                   nd_fancy;
+        npy_intp              fancy_dims[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+
+        /*
+         * Whether the iterator (any of the iterators) requires API.  This is
+         * unused by NumPy itself; ArrayMethod flags are more precise.
+         */
+        int                   needs_api;
+
+        /*
+         * Extra op information.
+         */
+        PyArrayObject         *extra_op;
+        PyArray_Descr         *extra_op_dtype;         /* desired dtype */
+        npy_uint32            *extra_op_flags;         /* Iterator flags */
+
+        NpyIter               *extra_op_iter;
+        NpyIter_IterNextFunc  *extra_op_next;
+        char                  **extra_op_ptrs;
+
+        /*
+         * Information about the iteration state.
+         */
+        NpyIter_IterNextFunc  *outer_next;
+        char                  **outer_ptrs;
+        npy_intp              *outer_strides;
+
+        /*
+         * Information about the subspace iterator.
+         */
+        NpyIter               *subspace_iter;
+        NpyIter_IterNextFunc  *subspace_next;
+        char                  **subspace_ptrs;
+        npy_intp              *subspace_strides;
+
+        /* Count for the external loop (which ever it is) for API iteration */
+        npy_intp              iter_count;
+
+} PyArrayMapIterObject;
+
+enum {
+    NPY_NEIGHBORHOOD_ITER_ZERO_PADDING,
+    NPY_NEIGHBORHOOD_ITER_ONE_PADDING,
+    NPY_NEIGHBORHOOD_ITER_CONSTANT_PADDING,
+    NPY_NEIGHBORHOOD_ITER_CIRCULAR_PADDING,
+    NPY_NEIGHBORHOOD_ITER_MIRROR_PADDING
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+
+    /*
+     * PyArrayIterObject part: keep this in this exact order
+     */
+    int               nd_m1;            /* number of dimensions - 1 */
+    npy_intp          index, size;
+    npy_intp          coordinates[NPY_MAXDIMS];/* N-dimensional loop */
+    npy_intp          dims_m1[NPY_MAXDIMS];    /* ao->dimensions - 1 */
+    npy_intp          strides[NPY_MAXDIMS];    /* ao->strides or fake */
+    npy_intp          backstrides[NPY_MAXDIMS];/* how far to jump back */
+    npy_intp          factors[NPY_MAXDIMS];     /* shape factors */
+    PyArrayObject     *ao;
+    char              *dataptr;        /* pointer to current item*/
+    npy_bool          contiguous;
+
+    npy_intp          bounds[NPY_MAXDIMS][2];
+    npy_intp          limits[NPY_MAXDIMS][2];
+    npy_intp          limits_sizes[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+    npy_iter_get_dataptr_t translate;
+
+    /*
+     * New members
+     */
+    npy_intp nd;
+
+    /* Dimensions is the dimension of the array */
+    npy_intp dimensions[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+
+    /*
+     * Neighborhood points coordinates are computed relatively to the
+     * point pointed by _internal_iter
+     */
+    PyArrayIterObject* _internal_iter;
+    /*
+     * To keep a reference to the representation of the constant value
+     * for constant padding
+     */
+    char* constant;
+
+    int mode;
+} PyArrayNeighborhoodIterObject;
+
+/*
+ * Neighborhood iterator API
+ */
+
+/* General: those work for any mode */
+static inline int
+PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_Reset(PyArrayNeighborhoodIterObject* iter);
+static inline int
+PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_Next(PyArrayNeighborhoodIterObject* iter);
+#if 0
+static inline int
+PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_Next2D(PyArrayNeighborhoodIterObject* iter);
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Include inline implementations - functions defined there are not
+ * considered public API
+ */
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY__NEIGHBORHOOD_IMP_H_
+#include "_neighborhood_iterator_imp.h"
+#undef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY__NEIGHBORHOOD_IMP_H_
+
+
+
+/* The default array type */
+#define NPY_DEFAULT_TYPE NPY_DOUBLE
+
+/*
+ * All sorts of useful ways to look into a PyArrayObject. It is recommended
+ * to use PyArrayObject * objects instead of always casting from PyObject *,
+ * for improved type checking.
+ *
+ * In many cases here the macro versions of the accessors are deprecated,
+ * but can't be immediately changed to inline functions because the
+ * preexisting macros accept PyObject * and do automatic casts. Inline
+ * functions accepting PyArrayObject * provides for some compile-time
+ * checking of correctness when working with these objects in C.
+ */
+
+#define PyArray_ISONESEGMENT(m) (PyArray_CHKFLAGS(m, NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS) || \
+                                 PyArray_CHKFLAGS(m, NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS))
+
+#define PyArray_ISFORTRAN(m) (PyArray_CHKFLAGS(m, NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS) && \
+                             (!PyArray_CHKFLAGS(m, NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS)))
+
+#define PyArray_FORTRAN_IF(m) ((PyArray_CHKFLAGS(m, NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS) ? \
+                               NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS : 0))
+
+#if (defined(NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API) && (NPY_1_7_API_VERSION <= NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API))
+/*
+ * Changing access macros into functions, to allow for future hiding
+ * of the internal memory layout. This later hiding will allow the 2.x series
+ * to change the internal representation of arrays without affecting
+ * ABI compatibility.
+ */
+
+static inline int
+PyArray_NDIM(const PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->nd;
+}
+
+static inline void *
+PyArray_DATA(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->data;
+}
+
+static inline char *
+PyArray_BYTES(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->data;
+}
+
+static inline npy_intp *
+PyArray_DIMS(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->dimensions;
+}
+
+static inline npy_intp *
+PyArray_STRIDES(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->strides;
+}
+
+static inline npy_intp
+PyArray_DIM(const PyArrayObject *arr, int idim)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->dimensions[idim];
+}
+
+static inline npy_intp
+PyArray_STRIDE(const PyArrayObject *arr, int istride)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->strides[istride];
+}
+
+static inline NPY_RETURNS_BORROWED_REF PyObject *
+PyArray_BASE(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->base;
+}
+
+static inline NPY_RETURNS_BORROWED_REF PyArray_Descr *
+PyArray_DESCR(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->descr;
+}
+
+static inline int
+PyArray_FLAGS(const PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->flags;
+}
+
+static inline npy_intp
+PyArray_ITEMSIZE(const PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->descr->elsize;
+}
+
+static inline int
+PyArray_TYPE(const PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->descr->type_num;
+}
+
+static inline int
+PyArray_CHKFLAGS(const PyArrayObject *arr, int flags)
+{
+    return (PyArray_FLAGS(arr) & flags) == flags;
+}
+
+static inline PyObject *
+PyArray_GETITEM(const PyArrayObject *arr, const char *itemptr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->descr->f->getitem(
+                                        (void *)itemptr, (PyArrayObject *)arr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * SETITEM should only be used if it is known that the value is a scalar
+ * and of a type understood by the arrays dtype.
+ * Use `PyArray_Pack` if the value may be of a different dtype.
+ */
+static inline int
+PyArray_SETITEM(PyArrayObject *arr, char *itemptr, PyObject *v)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->descr->f->setitem(v, itemptr, arr);
+}
+
+#else
+
+/* These macros are deprecated as of NumPy 1.7. */
+#define PyArray_NDIM(obj) (((PyArrayObject_fields *)(obj))->nd)
+#define PyArray_BYTES(obj) (((PyArrayObject_fields *)(obj))->data)
+#define PyArray_DATA(obj) ((void *)((PyArrayObject_fields *)(obj))->data)
+#define PyArray_DIMS(obj) (((PyArrayObject_fields *)(obj))->dimensions)
+#define PyArray_STRIDES(obj) (((PyArrayObject_fields *)(obj))->strides)
+#define PyArray_DIM(obj,n) (PyArray_DIMS(obj)[n])
+#define PyArray_STRIDE(obj,n) (PyArray_STRIDES(obj)[n])
+#define PyArray_BASE(obj) (((PyArrayObject_fields *)(obj))->base)
+#define PyArray_DESCR(obj) (((PyArrayObject_fields *)(obj))->descr)
+#define PyArray_FLAGS(obj) (((PyArrayObject_fields *)(obj))->flags)
+#define PyArray_CHKFLAGS(m, FLAGS) \
+        ((((PyArrayObject_fields *)(m))->flags & (FLAGS)) == (FLAGS))
+#define PyArray_ITEMSIZE(obj) \
+                    (((PyArrayObject_fields *)(obj))->descr->elsize)
+#define PyArray_TYPE(obj) \
+                    (((PyArrayObject_fields *)(obj))->descr->type_num)
+#define PyArray_GETITEM(obj,itemptr) \
+        PyArray_DESCR(obj)->f->getitem((char *)(itemptr), \
+                                     (PyArrayObject *)(obj))
+
+#define PyArray_SETITEM(obj,itemptr,v) \
+        PyArray_DESCR(obj)->f->setitem((PyObject *)(v), \
+                                     (char *)(itemptr), \
+                                     (PyArrayObject *)(obj))
+#endif
+
+static inline PyArray_Descr *
+PyArray_DTYPE(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->descr;
+}
+
+static inline npy_intp *
+PyArray_SHAPE(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->dimensions;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Enables the specified array flags. Does no checking,
+ * assumes you know what you're doing.
+ */
+static inline void
+PyArray_ENABLEFLAGS(PyArrayObject *arr, int flags)
+{
+    ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->flags |= flags;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clears the specified array flags. Does no checking,
+ * assumes you know what you're doing.
+ */
+static inline void
+PyArray_CLEARFLAGS(PyArrayObject *arr, int flags)
+{
+    ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->flags &= ~flags;
+}
+
+#if NPY_FEATURE_VERSION >= NPY_1_22_API_VERSION
+    static inline NPY_RETURNS_BORROWED_REF PyObject *
+    PyArray_HANDLER(PyArrayObject *arr)
+    {
+        return ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->mem_handler;
+    }
+#endif
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISBOOL(type) ((type) == NPY_BOOL)
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISUNSIGNED(type) (((type) == NPY_UBYTE) ||   \
+                                 ((type) == NPY_USHORT) ||     \
+                                 ((type) == NPY_UINT) ||       \
+                                 ((type) == NPY_ULONG) ||      \
+                                 ((type) == NPY_ULONGLONG))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISSIGNED(type) (((type) == NPY_BYTE) ||      \
+                               ((type) == NPY_SHORT) ||        \
+                               ((type) == NPY_INT) ||          \
+                               ((type) == NPY_LONG) ||         \
+                               ((type) == NPY_LONGLONG))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISINTEGER(type) (((type) >= NPY_BYTE) &&     \
+                                ((type) <= NPY_ULONGLONG))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISFLOAT(type) ((((type) >= NPY_FLOAT) && \
+                              ((type) <= NPY_LONGDOUBLE)) || \
+                              ((type) == NPY_HALF))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISNUMBER(type) (((type) <= NPY_CLONGDOUBLE) || \
+                                  ((type) == NPY_HALF))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISSTRING(type) (((type) == NPY_STRING) ||    \
+                                  ((type) == NPY_UNICODE))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISCOMPLEX(type) (((type) >= NPY_CFLOAT) &&   \
+                                ((type) <= NPY_CLONGDOUBLE))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISPYTHON(type) (((type) == NPY_LONG) ||      \
+                                  ((type) == NPY_DOUBLE) ||    \
+                                  ((type) == NPY_CDOUBLE) ||   \
+                                  ((type) == NPY_BOOL) ||      \
+                                  ((type) == NPY_OBJECT ))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISFLEXIBLE(type) (((type) >=NPY_STRING) &&  \
+                                    ((type) <=NPY_VOID))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISDATETIME(type) (((type) >=NPY_DATETIME) &&  \
+                                    ((type) <=NPY_TIMEDELTA))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISUSERDEF(type) (((type) >= NPY_USERDEF) && \
+                                   ((type) < NPY_USERDEF+     \
+                                    NPY_NUMUSERTYPES))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISEXTENDED(type) (PyTypeNum_ISFLEXIBLE(type) ||  \
+                                    PyTypeNum_ISUSERDEF(type))
+
+#define PyTypeNum_ISOBJECT(type) ((type) == NPY_OBJECT)
+
+
+#define PyDataType_ISBOOL(obj) PyTypeNum_ISBOOL(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISUNSIGNED(obj) PyTypeNum_ISUNSIGNED(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISSIGNED(obj) PyTypeNum_ISSIGNED(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISINTEGER(obj) PyTypeNum_ISINTEGER(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num )
+#define PyDataType_ISFLOAT(obj) PyTypeNum_ISFLOAT(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISNUMBER(obj) PyTypeNum_ISNUMBER(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISSTRING(obj) PyTypeNum_ISSTRING(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISCOMPLEX(obj) PyTypeNum_ISCOMPLEX(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISPYTHON(obj) PyTypeNum_ISPYTHON(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISFLEXIBLE(obj) PyTypeNum_ISFLEXIBLE(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISDATETIME(obj) PyTypeNum_ISDATETIME(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISUSERDEF(obj) PyTypeNum_ISUSERDEF(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISEXTENDED(obj) PyTypeNum_ISEXTENDED(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_ISOBJECT(obj) PyTypeNum_ISOBJECT(((PyArray_Descr*)(obj))->type_num)
+#define PyDataType_HASFIELDS(obj) (((PyArray_Descr *)(obj))->names != NULL)
+#define PyDataType_HASSUBARRAY(dtype) ((dtype)->subarray != NULL)
+#define PyDataType_ISUNSIZED(dtype) ((dtype)->elsize == 0 && \
+                                      !PyDataType_HASFIELDS(dtype))
+#define PyDataType_MAKEUNSIZED(dtype) ((dtype)->elsize = 0)
+
+#define PyArray_ISBOOL(obj) PyTypeNum_ISBOOL(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISUNSIGNED(obj) PyTypeNum_ISUNSIGNED(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISSIGNED(obj) PyTypeNum_ISSIGNED(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISINTEGER(obj) PyTypeNum_ISINTEGER(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISFLOAT(obj) PyTypeNum_ISFLOAT(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISNUMBER(obj) PyTypeNum_ISNUMBER(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISSTRING(obj) PyTypeNum_ISSTRING(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISCOMPLEX(obj) PyTypeNum_ISCOMPLEX(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISPYTHON(obj) PyTypeNum_ISPYTHON(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISFLEXIBLE(obj) PyTypeNum_ISFLEXIBLE(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISDATETIME(obj) PyTypeNum_ISDATETIME(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISUSERDEF(obj) PyTypeNum_ISUSERDEF(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISEXTENDED(obj) PyTypeNum_ISEXTENDED(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_ISOBJECT(obj) PyTypeNum_ISOBJECT(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+#define PyArray_HASFIELDS(obj) PyDataType_HASFIELDS(PyArray_DESCR(obj))
+
+    /*
+     * FIXME: This should check for a flag on the data-type that
+     * states whether or not it is variable length.  Because the
+     * ISFLEXIBLE check is hard-coded to the built-in data-types.
+     */
+#define PyArray_ISVARIABLE(obj) PyTypeNum_ISFLEXIBLE(PyArray_TYPE(obj))
+
+#define PyArray_SAFEALIGNEDCOPY(obj) (PyArray_ISALIGNED(obj) && !PyArray_ISVARIABLE(obj))
+
+
+#define NPY_LITTLE '<'
+#define NPY_BIG '>'
+#define NPY_NATIVE '='
+#define NPY_SWAP 's'
+#define NPY_IGNORE '|'
+
+#if NPY_BYTE_ORDER == NPY_BIG_ENDIAN
+#define NPY_NATBYTE NPY_BIG
+#define NPY_OPPBYTE NPY_LITTLE
+#else
+#define NPY_NATBYTE NPY_LITTLE
+#define NPY_OPPBYTE NPY_BIG
+#endif
+
+#define PyArray_ISNBO(arg) ((arg) != NPY_OPPBYTE)
+#define PyArray_IsNativeByteOrder PyArray_ISNBO
+#define PyArray_ISNOTSWAPPED(m) PyArray_ISNBO(PyArray_DESCR(m)->byteorder)
+#define PyArray_ISBYTESWAPPED(m) (!PyArray_ISNOTSWAPPED(m))
+
+#define PyArray_FLAGSWAP(m, flags) (PyArray_CHKFLAGS(m, flags) &&       \
+                                    PyArray_ISNOTSWAPPED(m))
+
+#define PyArray_ISCARRAY(m) PyArray_FLAGSWAP(m, NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY)
+#define PyArray_ISCARRAY_RO(m) PyArray_FLAGSWAP(m, NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY_RO)
+#define PyArray_ISFARRAY(m) PyArray_FLAGSWAP(m, NPY_ARRAY_FARRAY)
+#define PyArray_ISFARRAY_RO(m) PyArray_FLAGSWAP(m, NPY_ARRAY_FARRAY_RO)
+#define PyArray_ISBEHAVED(m) PyArray_FLAGSWAP(m, NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED)
+#define PyArray_ISBEHAVED_RO(m) PyArray_FLAGSWAP(m, NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED)
+
+
+#define PyDataType_ISNOTSWAPPED(d) PyArray_ISNBO(((PyArray_Descr *)(d))->byteorder)
+#define PyDataType_ISBYTESWAPPED(d) (!PyDataType_ISNOTSWAPPED(d))
+
+/************************************************************
+ * A struct used by PyArray_CreateSortedStridePerm, new in 1.7.
+ ************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+    npy_intp perm, stride;
+} npy_stride_sort_item;
+
+/************************************************************
+ * This is the form of the struct that's stored in the
+ * PyCapsule returned by an array's __array_struct__ attribute. See
+ * https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/arrays.interface.html for the full
+ * documentation.
+ ************************************************************/
+typedef struct {
+    int two;              /*
+                           * contains the integer 2 as a sanity
+                           * check
+                           */
+
+    int nd;               /* number of dimensions */
+
+    char typekind;        /*
+                           * kind in array --- character code of
+                           * typestr
+                           */
+
+    int itemsize;         /* size of each element */
+
+    int flags;            /*
+                           * how should be data interpreted. Valid
+                           * flags are CONTIGUOUS (1), F_CONTIGUOUS (2),
+                           * ALIGNED (0x100), NOTSWAPPED (0x200), and
+                           * WRITEABLE (0x400).  ARR_HAS_DESCR (0x800)
+                           * states that arrdescr field is present in
+                           * structure
+                           */
+
+    npy_intp *shape;       /*
+                            * A length-nd array of shape
+                            * information
+                            */
+
+    npy_intp *strides;    /* A length-nd array of stride information */
+
+    void *data;           /* A pointer to the first element of the array */
+
+    PyObject *descr;      /*
+                           * A list of fields or NULL (ignored if flags
+                           * does not have ARR_HAS_DESCR flag set)
+                           */
+} PyArrayInterface;
+
+/*
+ * This is a function for hooking into the PyDataMem_NEW/FREE/RENEW functions.
+ * See the documentation for PyDataMem_SetEventHook.
+ */
+typedef void (PyDataMem_EventHookFunc)(void *inp, void *outp, size_t size,
+                                       void *user_data);
+
+
+/*
+ * PyArray_DTypeMeta related definitions.
+ *
+ * As of now, this API is preliminary and will be extended as necessary.
+ */
+#if defined(NPY_INTERNAL_BUILD) && NPY_INTERNAL_BUILD
+    /*
+     * The Structures defined in this block are currently considered
+     * private API and may change without warning!
+     * Part of this (at least the size) is expected to be public API without
+     * further modifications.
+     */
+    /* TODO: Make this definition public in the API, as soon as its settled */
+    NPY_NO_EXPORT extern PyTypeObject PyArrayDTypeMeta_Type;
+
+    /*
+     * While NumPy DTypes would not need to be heap types the plan is to
+     * make DTypes available in Python at which point they will be heap types.
+     * Since we also wish to add fields to the DType class, this looks like
+     * a typical instance definition, but with PyHeapTypeObject instead of
+     * only the PyObject_HEAD.
+     * This must only be exposed very extremely careful consideration, since
+     * it is a fairly complex construct which may be better to allow
+     * refactoring of.
+     */
+    typedef struct {
+        PyHeapTypeObject super;
+
+        /*
+         * Most DTypes will have a singleton default instance, for the
+         * parametric legacy DTypes (bytes, string, void, datetime) this
+         * may be a pointer to the *prototype* instance?
+         */
+        PyArray_Descr *singleton;
+        /* Copy of the legacy DTypes type number, usually invalid. */
+        int type_num;
+
+        /* The type object of the scalar instances (may be NULL?) */
+        PyTypeObject *scalar_type;
+        /*
+         * DType flags to signal legacy, parametric, or
+         * abstract.  But plenty of space for additional information/flags.
+         */
+        npy_uint64 flags;
+
+        /*
+         * Use indirection in order to allow a fixed size for this struct.
+         * A stable ABI size makes creating a static DType less painful
+         * while also ensuring flexibility for all opaque API (with one
+         * indirection due the pointer lookup).
+         */
+        void *dt_slots;
+        void *reserved[3];
+    } PyArray_DTypeMeta;
+
+#endif  /* NPY_INTERNAL_BUILD */
+
+
+/*
+ * Use the keyword NPY_DEPRECATED_INCLUDES to ensure that the header files
+ * npy_*_*_deprecated_api.h are only included from here and nowhere else.
+ */
+#ifdef NPY_DEPRECATED_INCLUDES
+#error "Do not use the reserved keyword NPY_DEPRECATED_INCLUDES."
+#endif
+#define NPY_DEPRECATED_INCLUDES
+#if !defined(NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API) || \
+    (NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API < NPY_1_7_API_VERSION)
+#include "npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h"
+#endif
+/*
+ * There is no file npy_1_8_deprecated_api.h since there are no additional
+ * deprecated API features in NumPy 1.8.
+ *
+ * Note to maintainers: insert code like the following in future NumPy
+ * versions.
+ *
+ * #if !defined(NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API) || \
+ *     (NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API < NPY_1_9_API_VERSION)
+ * #include "npy_1_9_deprecated_api.h"
+ * #endif
+ */
+#undef NPY_DEPRECATED_INCLUDES
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NDARRAYTYPES_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/noprefix.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/noprefix.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cea5b0d4678346249233435061e094297dea1979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/noprefix.h
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NOPREFIX_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NOPREFIX_H_
+
+/*
+ * You can directly include noprefix.h as a backward
+ * compatibility measure
+ */
+#ifndef NPY_NO_PREFIX
+#include "ndarrayobject.h"
+#include "npy_interrupt.h"
+#endif
+
+#define SIGSETJMP   NPY_SIGSETJMP
+#define SIGLONGJMP  NPY_SIGLONGJMP
+#define SIGJMP_BUF  NPY_SIGJMP_BUF
+
+#define MAX_DIMS NPY_MAXDIMS
+
+#define longlong    npy_longlong
+#define ulonglong   npy_ulonglong
+#define Bool        npy_bool
+#define longdouble  npy_longdouble
+#define byte        npy_byte
+
+#ifndef _BSD_SOURCE
+#define ushort      npy_ushort
+#define uint        npy_uint
+#define ulong       npy_ulong
+#endif
+
+#define ubyte       npy_ubyte
+#define ushort      npy_ushort
+#define uint        npy_uint
+#define ulong       npy_ulong
+#define cfloat      npy_cfloat
+#define cdouble     npy_cdouble
+#define clongdouble npy_clongdouble
+#define Int8        npy_int8
+#define UInt8       npy_uint8
+#define Int16       npy_int16
+#define UInt16      npy_uint16
+#define Int32       npy_int32
+#define UInt32      npy_uint32
+#define Int64       npy_int64
+#define UInt64      npy_uint64
+#define Int128      npy_int128
+#define UInt128     npy_uint128
+#define Int256      npy_int256
+#define UInt256     npy_uint256
+#define Float16     npy_float16
+#define Complex32   npy_complex32
+#define Float32     npy_float32
+#define Complex64   npy_complex64
+#define Float64     npy_float64
+#define Complex128  npy_complex128
+#define Float80     npy_float80
+#define Complex160  npy_complex160
+#define Float96     npy_float96
+#define Complex192  npy_complex192
+#define Float128    npy_float128
+#define Complex256  npy_complex256
+#define intp        npy_intp
+#define uintp       npy_uintp
+#define datetime    npy_datetime
+#define timedelta   npy_timedelta
+
+#define SIZEOF_LONGLONG         NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG
+#define SIZEOF_INTP             NPY_SIZEOF_INTP
+#define SIZEOF_UINTP            NPY_SIZEOF_UINTP
+#define SIZEOF_HALF             NPY_SIZEOF_HALF
+#define SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE       NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE
+#define SIZEOF_DATETIME         NPY_SIZEOF_DATETIME
+#define SIZEOF_TIMEDELTA        NPY_SIZEOF_TIMEDELTA
+
+#define LONGLONG_FMT NPY_LONGLONG_FMT
+#define ULONGLONG_FMT NPY_ULONGLONG_FMT
+#define LONGLONG_SUFFIX NPY_LONGLONG_SUFFIX
+#define ULONGLONG_SUFFIX NPY_ULONGLONG_SUFFIX
+
+#define MAX_INT8 127
+#define MIN_INT8 -128
+#define MAX_UINT8 255
+#define MAX_INT16 32767
+#define MIN_INT16 -32768
+#define MAX_UINT16 65535
+#define MAX_INT32 2147483647
+#define MIN_INT32 (-MAX_INT32 - 1)
+#define MAX_UINT32 4294967295U
+#define MAX_INT64 LONGLONG_SUFFIX(9223372036854775807)
+#define MIN_INT64 (-MAX_INT64 - LONGLONG_SUFFIX(1))
+#define MAX_UINT64 ULONGLONG_SUFFIX(18446744073709551615)
+#define MAX_INT128 LONGLONG_SUFFIX(85070591730234615865843651857942052864)
+#define MIN_INT128 (-MAX_INT128 - LONGLONG_SUFFIX(1))
+#define MAX_UINT128 ULONGLONG_SUFFIX(170141183460469231731687303715884105728)
+#define MAX_INT256 LONGLONG_SUFFIX(57896044618658097711785492504343953926634992332820282019728792003956564819967)
+#define MIN_INT256 (-MAX_INT256 - LONGLONG_SUFFIX(1))
+#define MAX_UINT256 ULONGLONG_SUFFIX(115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639935)
+
+#define MAX_BYTE NPY_MAX_BYTE
+#define MIN_BYTE NPY_MIN_BYTE
+#define MAX_UBYTE NPY_MAX_UBYTE
+#define MAX_SHORT NPY_MAX_SHORT
+#define MIN_SHORT NPY_MIN_SHORT
+#define MAX_USHORT NPY_MAX_USHORT
+#define MAX_INT   NPY_MAX_INT
+#define MIN_INT   NPY_MIN_INT
+#define MAX_UINT  NPY_MAX_UINT
+#define MAX_LONG  NPY_MAX_LONG
+#define MIN_LONG  NPY_MIN_LONG
+#define MAX_ULONG  NPY_MAX_ULONG
+#define MAX_LONGLONG NPY_MAX_LONGLONG
+#define MIN_LONGLONG NPY_MIN_LONGLONG
+#define MAX_ULONGLONG NPY_MAX_ULONGLONG
+#define MIN_DATETIME NPY_MIN_DATETIME
+#define MAX_DATETIME NPY_MAX_DATETIME
+#define MIN_TIMEDELTA NPY_MIN_TIMEDELTA
+#define MAX_TIMEDELTA NPY_MAX_TIMEDELTA
+
+#define BITSOF_BOOL       NPY_BITSOF_BOOL
+#define BITSOF_CHAR       NPY_BITSOF_CHAR
+#define BITSOF_SHORT      NPY_BITSOF_SHORT
+#define BITSOF_INT        NPY_BITSOF_INT
+#define BITSOF_LONG       NPY_BITSOF_LONG
+#define BITSOF_LONGLONG   NPY_BITSOF_LONGLONG
+#define BITSOF_HALF       NPY_BITSOF_HALF
+#define BITSOF_FLOAT      NPY_BITSOF_FLOAT
+#define BITSOF_DOUBLE     NPY_BITSOF_DOUBLE
+#define BITSOF_LONGDOUBLE NPY_BITSOF_LONGDOUBLE
+#define BITSOF_DATETIME   NPY_BITSOF_DATETIME
+#define BITSOF_TIMEDELTA   NPY_BITSOF_TIMEDELTA
+
+#define _pya_malloc PyArray_malloc
+#define _pya_free PyArray_free
+#define _pya_realloc PyArray_realloc
+
+#define BEGIN_THREADS_DEF NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DEF
+#define BEGIN_THREADS     NPY_BEGIN_THREADS
+#define END_THREADS       NPY_END_THREADS
+#define ALLOW_C_API_DEF   NPY_ALLOW_C_API_DEF
+#define ALLOW_C_API       NPY_ALLOW_C_API
+#define DISABLE_C_API     NPY_DISABLE_C_API
+
+#define PY_FAIL NPY_FAIL
+#define PY_SUCCEED NPY_SUCCEED
+
+#ifndef TRUE
+#define TRUE NPY_TRUE
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FALSE
+#define FALSE NPY_FALSE
+#endif
+
+#define LONGDOUBLE_FMT NPY_LONGDOUBLE_FMT
+
+#define CONTIGUOUS         NPY_CONTIGUOUS
+#define C_CONTIGUOUS       NPY_C_CONTIGUOUS
+#define FORTRAN            NPY_FORTRAN
+#define F_CONTIGUOUS       NPY_F_CONTIGUOUS
+#define OWNDATA            NPY_OWNDATA
+#define FORCECAST          NPY_FORCECAST
+#define ENSURECOPY         NPY_ENSURECOPY
+#define ENSUREARRAY        NPY_ENSUREARRAY
+#define ELEMENTSTRIDES     NPY_ELEMENTSTRIDES
+#define ALIGNED            NPY_ALIGNED
+#define NOTSWAPPED         NPY_NOTSWAPPED
+#define WRITEABLE          NPY_WRITEABLE
+#define WRITEBACKIFCOPY    NPY_ARRAY_WRITEBACKIFCOPY
+#define ARR_HAS_DESCR      NPY_ARR_HAS_DESCR
+#define BEHAVED            NPY_BEHAVED
+#define BEHAVED_NS         NPY_BEHAVED_NS
+#define CARRAY             NPY_CARRAY
+#define CARRAY_RO          NPY_CARRAY_RO
+#define FARRAY             NPY_FARRAY
+#define FARRAY_RO          NPY_FARRAY_RO
+#define DEFAULT            NPY_DEFAULT
+#define IN_ARRAY           NPY_IN_ARRAY
+#define OUT_ARRAY          NPY_OUT_ARRAY
+#define INOUT_ARRAY        NPY_INOUT_ARRAY
+#define IN_FARRAY          NPY_IN_FARRAY
+#define OUT_FARRAY         NPY_OUT_FARRAY
+#define INOUT_FARRAY       NPY_INOUT_FARRAY
+#define UPDATE_ALL         NPY_UPDATE_ALL
+
+#define OWN_DATA          NPY_OWNDATA
+#define BEHAVED_FLAGS     NPY_BEHAVED
+#define BEHAVED_FLAGS_NS  NPY_BEHAVED_NS
+#define CARRAY_FLAGS_RO   NPY_CARRAY_RO
+#define CARRAY_FLAGS      NPY_CARRAY
+#define FARRAY_FLAGS      NPY_FARRAY
+#define FARRAY_FLAGS_RO   NPY_FARRAY_RO
+#define DEFAULT_FLAGS     NPY_DEFAULT
+#define UPDATE_ALL_FLAGS  NPY_UPDATE_ALL_FLAGS
+
+#ifndef MIN
+#define MIN PyArray_MIN
+#endif
+#ifndef MAX
+#define MAX PyArray_MAX
+#endif
+#define MAX_INTP NPY_MAX_INTP
+#define MIN_INTP NPY_MIN_INTP
+#define MAX_UINTP NPY_MAX_UINTP
+#define INTP_FMT NPY_INTP_FMT
+
+#ifndef PYPY_VERSION
+#define REFCOUNT PyArray_REFCOUNT
+#define MAX_ELSIZE NPY_MAX_ELSIZE
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NOPREFIX_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6455d40d223b8a13c9903c95e7282b9621311414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#ifndef NPY_DEPRECATED_INCLUDES
+#error "Should never include npy_*_*_deprecated_api directly."
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_1_7_DEPRECATED_API_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_1_7_DEPRECATED_API_H_
+
+/* Emit a warning if the user did not specifically request the old API */
+#ifndef NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#define _WARN___STR2__(x) #x
+#define _WARN___STR1__(x) _WARN___STR2__(x)
+#define _WARN___LOC__ __FILE__ "(" _WARN___STR1__(__LINE__) ") : Warning Msg: "
+#pragma message(_WARN___LOC__"Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it with " \
+                         "#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION")
+#else
+#warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it with " \
+         "#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * This header exists to collect all dangerous/deprecated NumPy API
+ * as of NumPy 1.7.
+ *
+ * This is an attempt to remove bad API, the proliferation of macros,
+ * and namespace pollution currently produced by the NumPy headers.
+ */
+
+/* These array flags are deprecated as of NumPy 1.7 */
+#define NPY_CONTIGUOUS NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS
+#define NPY_FORTRAN NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS
+
+/*
+ * The consistent NPY_ARRAY_* names which don't pollute the NPY_*
+ * namespace were added in NumPy 1.7.
+ *
+ * These versions of the carray flags are deprecated, but
+ * probably should only be removed after two releases instead of one.
+ */
+#define NPY_C_CONTIGUOUS   NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS
+#define NPY_F_CONTIGUOUS   NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS
+#define NPY_OWNDATA        NPY_ARRAY_OWNDATA
+#define NPY_FORCECAST      NPY_ARRAY_FORCECAST
+#define NPY_ENSURECOPY     NPY_ARRAY_ENSURECOPY
+#define NPY_ENSUREARRAY    NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY
+#define NPY_ELEMENTSTRIDES NPY_ARRAY_ELEMENTSTRIDES
+#define NPY_ALIGNED        NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED
+#define NPY_NOTSWAPPED     NPY_ARRAY_NOTSWAPPED
+#define NPY_WRITEABLE      NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE
+#define NPY_BEHAVED        NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED
+#define NPY_BEHAVED_NS     NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED_NS
+#define NPY_CARRAY         NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY
+#define NPY_CARRAY_RO      NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY_RO
+#define NPY_FARRAY         NPY_ARRAY_FARRAY
+#define NPY_FARRAY_RO      NPY_ARRAY_FARRAY_RO
+#define NPY_DEFAULT        NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT
+#define NPY_IN_ARRAY       NPY_ARRAY_IN_ARRAY
+#define NPY_OUT_ARRAY      NPY_ARRAY_OUT_ARRAY
+#define NPY_INOUT_ARRAY    NPY_ARRAY_INOUT_ARRAY
+#define NPY_IN_FARRAY      NPY_ARRAY_IN_FARRAY
+#define NPY_OUT_FARRAY     NPY_ARRAY_OUT_FARRAY
+#define NPY_INOUT_FARRAY   NPY_ARRAY_INOUT_FARRAY
+#define NPY_UPDATE_ALL     NPY_ARRAY_UPDATE_ALL
+
+/* This way of accessing the default type is deprecated as of NumPy 1.7 */
+#define PyArray_DEFAULT NPY_DEFAULT_TYPE
+
+/* These DATETIME bits aren't used internally */
+#define PyDataType_GetDatetimeMetaData(descr)                                 \
+    ((descr->metadata == NULL) ? NULL :                                       \
+        ((PyArray_DatetimeMetaData *)(PyCapsule_GetPointer(                   \
+                PyDict_GetItemString(                                         \
+                    descr->metadata, NPY_METADATA_DTSTR), NULL))))
+
+/*
+ * Deprecated as of NumPy 1.7, this kind of shortcut doesn't
+ * belong in the public API.
+ */
+#define NPY_AO PyArrayObject
+
+/*
+ * Deprecated as of NumPy 1.7, an all-lowercase macro doesn't
+ * belong in the public API.
+ */
+#define fortran fortran_
+
+/*
+ * Deprecated as of NumPy 1.7, as it is a namespace-polluting
+ * macro.
+ */
+#define FORTRAN_IF PyArray_FORTRAN_IF
+
+/* Deprecated as of NumPy 1.7, datetime64 uses c_metadata instead */
+#define NPY_METADATA_DTSTR "__timeunit__"
+
+/*
+ * Deprecated as of NumPy 1.7.
+ * The reasoning:
+ *  - These are for datetime, but there's no datetime "namespace".
+ *  - They just turn NPY_STR_ into "", which is just
+ *    making something simple be indirected.
+ */
+#define NPY_STR_Y "Y"
+#define NPY_STR_M "M"
+#define NPY_STR_W "W"
+#define NPY_STR_D "D"
+#define NPY_STR_h "h"
+#define NPY_STR_m "m"
+#define NPY_STR_s "s"
+#define NPY_STR_ms "ms"
+#define NPY_STR_us "us"
+#define NPY_STR_ns "ns"
+#define NPY_STR_ps "ps"
+#define NPY_STR_fs "fs"
+#define NPY_STR_as "as"
+
+/*
+ * The macros in old_defines.h are Deprecated as of NumPy 1.7 and will be
+ * removed in the next major release.
+ */
+#include "old_defines.h"
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_1_7_DEPRECATED_API_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_3kcompat.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_3kcompat.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62fde943aacc4ad117712182846a94faf69a767b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_3kcompat.h
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+/*
+ * This is a convenience header file providing compatibility utilities
+ * for supporting different minor versions of Python 3.
+ * It was originally used to support the transition from Python 2,
+ * hence the "3k" naming.
+ *
+ * If you want to use this for your own projects, it's recommended to make a
+ * copy of it. Although the stuff below is unlikely to change, we don't provide
+ * strong backwards compatibility guarantees at the moment.
+ */
+
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_3KCOMPAT_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_3KCOMPAT_H_
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#ifndef NPY_PY3K
+#define NPY_PY3K 1
+#endif
+
+#include "numpy/npy_common.h"
+#include "numpy/ndarrayobject.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * PyInt -> PyLong
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * This is a renamed copy of the Python non-limited API function _PyLong_AsInt. It is
+ * included here because it is missing from the PyPy API. It completes the PyLong_As*
+ * group of functions and can be useful in replacing PyInt_Check.
+ */
+static inline int
+Npy__PyLong_AsInt(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    int overflow;
+    long result = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(obj, &overflow);
+
+    /* INT_MAX and INT_MIN are defined in Python.h */
+    if (overflow || result > INT_MAX || result < INT_MIN) {
+        /* XXX: could be cute and give a different
+           message for overflow == -1 */
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                        "Python int too large to convert to C int");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return (int)result;
+}
+
+
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+/* Return True only if the long fits in a C long */
+static inline int PyInt_Check(PyObject *op) {
+    int overflow = 0;
+    if (!PyLong_Check(op)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(op, &overflow);
+    return (overflow == 0);
+}
+
+
+#define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
+#define PyInt_AsLong PyLong_AsLong
+#define PyInt_AS_LONG PyLong_AsLong
+#define PyInt_AsSsize_t PyLong_AsSsize_t
+#define PyNumber_Int PyNumber_Long
+
+/* NOTE:
+ *
+ * Since the PyLong type is very different from the fixed-range PyInt,
+ * we don't define PyInt_Type -> PyLong_Type.
+ */
+#endif /* NPY_PY3K */
+
+/* Py3 changes PySlice_GetIndicesEx' first argument's type to PyObject* */
+#ifdef NPY_PY3K
+#  define NpySlice_GetIndicesEx PySlice_GetIndicesEx
+#else
+#  define NpySlice_GetIndicesEx(op, nop, start, end, step, slicelength) \
+    PySlice_GetIndicesEx((PySliceObject *)op, nop, start, end, step, slicelength)
+#endif
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900a4
+    /* Introduced in https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/d2ec81a8c99796b51fb8c49b77a7fe369863226f */
+    #define Py_SET_TYPE(obj, type) ((Py_TYPE(obj) = (type)), (void)0)
+    /* Introduced in https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/b10dc3e7a11fcdb97e285882eba6da92594f90f9 */
+    #define Py_SET_SIZE(obj, size) ((Py_SIZE(obj) = (size)), (void)0)
+    /* Introduced in https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/c86a11221df7e37da389f9c6ce6e47ea22dc44ff */
+    #define Py_SET_REFCNT(obj, refcnt) ((Py_REFCNT(obj) = (refcnt)), (void)0)
+#endif
+
+
+#define Npy_EnterRecursiveCall(x) Py_EnterRecursiveCall(x)
+
+/*
+ * PyString -> PyBytes
+ */
+
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+
+#define PyString_Type PyBytes_Type
+#define PyString_Check PyBytes_Check
+#define PyStringObject PyBytesObject
+#define PyString_FromString PyBytes_FromString
+#define PyString_FromStringAndSize PyBytes_FromStringAndSize
+#define PyString_AS_STRING PyBytes_AS_STRING
+#define PyString_AsStringAndSize PyBytes_AsStringAndSize
+#define PyString_FromFormat PyBytes_FromFormat
+#define PyString_Concat PyBytes_Concat
+#define PyString_ConcatAndDel PyBytes_ConcatAndDel
+#define PyString_AsString PyBytes_AsString
+#define PyString_GET_SIZE PyBytes_GET_SIZE
+#define PyString_Size PyBytes_Size
+
+#define PyUString_Type PyUnicode_Type
+#define PyUString_Check PyUnicode_Check
+#define PyUStringObject PyUnicodeObject
+#define PyUString_FromString PyUnicode_FromString
+#define PyUString_FromStringAndSize PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize
+#define PyUString_FromFormat PyUnicode_FromFormat
+#define PyUString_Concat PyUnicode_Concat2
+#define PyUString_ConcatAndDel PyUnicode_ConcatAndDel
+#define PyUString_GET_SIZE PyUnicode_GET_SIZE
+#define PyUString_Size PyUnicode_Size
+#define PyUString_InternFromString PyUnicode_InternFromString
+#define PyUString_Format PyUnicode_Format
+
+#define PyBaseString_Check(obj) (PyUnicode_Check(obj))
+
+#else
+
+#define PyBytes_Type PyString_Type
+#define PyBytes_Check PyString_Check
+#define PyBytesObject PyStringObject
+#define PyBytes_FromString PyString_FromString
+#define PyBytes_FromStringAndSize PyString_FromStringAndSize
+#define PyBytes_AS_STRING PyString_AS_STRING
+#define PyBytes_AsStringAndSize PyString_AsStringAndSize
+#define PyBytes_FromFormat PyString_FromFormat
+#define PyBytes_Concat PyString_Concat
+#define PyBytes_ConcatAndDel PyString_ConcatAndDel
+#define PyBytes_AsString PyString_AsString
+#define PyBytes_GET_SIZE PyString_GET_SIZE
+#define PyBytes_Size PyString_Size
+
+#define PyUString_Type PyString_Type
+#define PyUString_Check PyString_Check
+#define PyUStringObject PyStringObject
+#define PyUString_FromString PyString_FromString
+#define PyUString_FromStringAndSize PyString_FromStringAndSize
+#define PyUString_FromFormat PyString_FromFormat
+#define PyUString_Concat PyString_Concat
+#define PyUString_ConcatAndDel PyString_ConcatAndDel
+#define PyUString_GET_SIZE PyString_GET_SIZE
+#define PyUString_Size PyString_Size
+#define PyUString_InternFromString PyString_InternFromString
+#define PyUString_Format PyString_Format
+
+#define PyBaseString_Check(obj) (PyBytes_Check(obj) || PyUnicode_Check(obj))
+
+#endif /* NPY_PY3K */
+
+/*
+ * Macros to protect CRT calls against instant termination when passed an
+ * invalid parameter (https://bugs.python.org/issue23524).
+ */
+#if defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1900
+
+#include 
+
+extern _invalid_parameter_handler _Py_silent_invalid_parameter_handler;
+#define NPY_BEGIN_SUPPRESS_IPH { _invalid_parameter_handler _Py_old_handler = \
+    _set_thread_local_invalid_parameter_handler(_Py_silent_invalid_parameter_handler);
+#define NPY_END_SUPPRESS_IPH _set_thread_local_invalid_parameter_handler(_Py_old_handler); }
+
+#else
+
+#define NPY_BEGIN_SUPPRESS_IPH
+#define NPY_END_SUPPRESS_IPH
+
+#endif /* _MSC_VER >= 1900 */
+
+
+static inline void
+PyUnicode_ConcatAndDel(PyObject **left, PyObject *right)
+{
+    Py_SETREF(*left, PyUnicode_Concat(*left, right));
+    Py_DECREF(right);
+}
+
+static inline void
+PyUnicode_Concat2(PyObject **left, PyObject *right)
+{
+    Py_SETREF(*left, PyUnicode_Concat(*left, right));
+}
+
+/*
+ * PyFile_* compatibility
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Get a FILE* handle to the file represented by the Python object
+ */
+static inline FILE*
+npy_PyFile_Dup2(PyObject *file, char *mode, npy_off_t *orig_pos)
+{
+    int fd, fd2, unbuf;
+    Py_ssize_t fd2_tmp;
+    PyObject *ret, *os, *io, *io_raw;
+    npy_off_t pos;
+    FILE *handle;
+
+    /* For Python 2 PyFileObject, use PyFile_AsFile */
+#if !defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    if (PyFile_Check(file)) {
+        return PyFile_AsFile(file);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* Flush first to ensure things end up in the file in the correct order */
+    ret = PyObject_CallMethod(file, "flush", "");
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(ret);
+    fd = PyObject_AsFileDescriptor(file);
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * The handle needs to be dup'd because we have to call fclose
+     * at the end
+     */
+    os = PyImport_ImportModule("os");
+    if (os == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ret = PyObject_CallMethod(os, "dup", "i", fd);
+    Py_DECREF(os);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    fd2_tmp = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(ret, PyExc_IOError);
+    Py_DECREF(ret);
+    if (fd2_tmp == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (fd2_tmp < INT_MIN || fd2_tmp > INT_MAX) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError,
+                        "Getting an 'int' from os.dup() failed");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    fd2 = (int)fd2_tmp;
+
+    /* Convert to FILE* handle */
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    NPY_BEGIN_SUPPRESS_IPH
+    handle = _fdopen(fd2, mode);
+    NPY_END_SUPPRESS_IPH
+#else
+    handle = fdopen(fd2, mode);
+#endif
+    if (handle == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError,
+                        "Getting a FILE* from a Python file object via "
+                        "_fdopen failed. If you built NumPy, you probably "
+                        "linked with the wrong debug/release runtime");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Record the original raw file handle position */
+    *orig_pos = npy_ftell(handle);
+    if (*orig_pos == -1) {
+        /* The io module is needed to determine if buffering is used */
+        io = PyImport_ImportModule("io");
+        if (io == NULL) {
+            fclose(handle);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        /* File object instances of RawIOBase are unbuffered */
+        io_raw = PyObject_GetAttrString(io, "RawIOBase");
+        Py_DECREF(io);
+        if (io_raw == NULL) {
+            fclose(handle);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        unbuf = PyObject_IsInstance(file, io_raw);
+        Py_DECREF(io_raw);
+        if (unbuf == 1) {
+            /* Succeed if the IO is unbuffered */
+            return handle;
+        }
+        else {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "obtaining file position failed");
+            fclose(handle);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Seek raw handle to the Python-side position */
+    ret = PyObject_CallMethod(file, "tell", "");
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        fclose(handle);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    pos = PyLong_AsLongLong(ret);
+    Py_DECREF(ret);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        fclose(handle);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (npy_fseek(handle, pos, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "seeking file failed");
+        fclose(handle);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return handle;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Close the dup-ed file handle, and seek the Python one to the current position
+ */
+static inline int
+npy_PyFile_DupClose2(PyObject *file, FILE* handle, npy_off_t orig_pos)
+{
+    int fd, unbuf;
+    PyObject *ret, *io, *io_raw;
+    npy_off_t position;
+
+    /* For Python 2 PyFileObject, do nothing */
+#if !defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    if (PyFile_Check(file)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    position = npy_ftell(handle);
+
+    /* Close the FILE* handle */
+    fclose(handle);
+
+    /*
+     * Restore original file handle position, in order to not confuse
+     * Python-side data structures
+     */
+    fd = PyObject_AsFileDescriptor(file);
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (npy_lseek(fd, orig_pos, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
+
+        /* The io module is needed to determine if buffering is used */
+        io = PyImport_ImportModule("io");
+        if (io == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        /* File object instances of RawIOBase are unbuffered */
+        io_raw = PyObject_GetAttrString(io, "RawIOBase");
+        Py_DECREF(io);
+        if (io_raw == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        unbuf = PyObject_IsInstance(file, io_raw);
+        Py_DECREF(io_raw);
+        if (unbuf == 1) {
+            /* Succeed if the IO is unbuffered */
+            return 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "seeking file failed");
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (position == -1) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "obtaining file position failed");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Seek Python-side handle to the FILE* handle position */
+    ret = PyObject_CallMethod(file, "seek", NPY_OFF_T_PYFMT "i", position, 0);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(ret);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int
+npy_PyFile_Check(PyObject *file)
+{
+    int fd;
+    /* For Python 2, check if it is a PyFileObject */
+#if !defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    if (PyFile_Check(file)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+#endif
+    fd = PyObject_AsFileDescriptor(file);
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static inline PyObject*
+npy_PyFile_OpenFile(PyObject *filename, const char *mode)
+{
+    PyObject *open;
+    open = PyDict_GetItemString(PyEval_GetBuiltins(), "open");
+    if (open == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyObject_CallFunction(open, "Os", filename, mode);
+}
+
+static inline int
+npy_PyFile_CloseFile(PyObject *file)
+{
+    PyObject *ret;
+
+    ret = PyObject_CallMethod(file, "close", NULL);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(ret);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* This is a copy of _PyErr_ChainExceptions
+ */
+static inline void
+npy_PyErr_ChainExceptions(PyObject *exc, PyObject *val, PyObject *tb)
+{
+    if (exc == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        /* only py3 supports this anyway */
+        #ifdef NPY_PY3K
+            PyObject *exc2, *val2, *tb2;
+            PyErr_Fetch(&exc2, &val2, &tb2);
+            PyErr_NormalizeException(&exc, &val, &tb);
+            if (tb != NULL) {
+                PyException_SetTraceback(val, tb);
+                Py_DECREF(tb);
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(exc);
+            PyErr_NormalizeException(&exc2, &val2, &tb2);
+            PyException_SetContext(val2, val);
+            PyErr_Restore(exc2, val2, tb2);
+        #endif
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_Restore(exc, val, tb);
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* This is a copy of _PyErr_ChainExceptions, with:
+ *  - a minimal implementation for python 2
+ *  - __cause__ used instead of __context__
+ */
+static inline void
+npy_PyErr_ChainExceptionsCause(PyObject *exc, PyObject *val, PyObject *tb)
+{
+    if (exc == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        /* only py3 supports this anyway */
+        #ifdef NPY_PY3K
+            PyObject *exc2, *val2, *tb2;
+            PyErr_Fetch(&exc2, &val2, &tb2);
+            PyErr_NormalizeException(&exc, &val, &tb);
+            if (tb != NULL) {
+                PyException_SetTraceback(val, tb);
+                Py_DECREF(tb);
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(exc);
+            PyErr_NormalizeException(&exc2, &val2, &tb2);
+            PyException_SetCause(val2, val);
+            PyErr_Restore(exc2, val2, tb2);
+        #endif
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_Restore(exc, val, tb);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * PyObject_Cmp
+ */
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+static inline int
+PyObject_Cmp(PyObject *i1, PyObject *i2, int *cmp)
+{
+    int v;
+    v = PyObject_RichCompareBool(i1, i2, Py_LT);
+    if (v == 1) {
+        *cmp = -1;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else if (v == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    v = PyObject_RichCompareBool(i1, i2, Py_GT);
+    if (v == 1) {
+        *cmp = 1;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else if (v == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    v = PyObject_RichCompareBool(i1, i2, Py_EQ);
+    if (v == 1) {
+        *cmp = 0;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        *cmp = 0;
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * PyCObject functions adapted to PyCapsules.
+ *
+ * The main job here is to get rid of the improved error handling
+ * of PyCapsules. It's a shame...
+ */
+static inline PyObject *
+NpyCapsule_FromVoidPtr(void *ptr, void (*dtor)(PyObject *))
+{
+    PyObject *ret = PyCapsule_New(ptr, NULL, dtor);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static inline PyObject *
+NpyCapsule_FromVoidPtrAndDesc(void *ptr, void* context, void (*dtor)(PyObject *))
+{
+    PyObject *ret = NpyCapsule_FromVoidPtr(ptr, dtor);
+    if (ret != NULL && PyCapsule_SetContext(ret, context) != 0) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        Py_DECREF(ret);
+        ret = NULL;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static inline void *
+NpyCapsule_AsVoidPtr(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    void *ret = PyCapsule_GetPointer(obj, NULL);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static inline void *
+NpyCapsule_GetDesc(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    return PyCapsule_GetContext(obj);
+}
+
+static inline int
+NpyCapsule_Check(PyObject *ptr)
+{
+    return PyCapsule_CheckExact(ptr);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_3KCOMPAT_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_common.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e98f8ef5edd1a6c3d9606207740d584c60f5128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1086 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_COMMON_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_COMMON_H_
+
+/* need Python.h for npy_intp, npy_uintp */
+#include 
+
+/* numpconfig.h is auto-generated */
+#include "numpyconfig.h"
+#ifdef HAVE_NPY_CONFIG_H
+#include 
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * using static inline modifiers when defining npy_math functions
+ * allows the compiler to make optimizations when possible
+ */
+#ifndef NPY_INLINE_MATH
+#if defined(NPY_INTERNAL_BUILD) && NPY_INTERNAL_BUILD
+    #define NPY_INLINE_MATH 1
+#else
+    #define NPY_INLINE_MATH 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * gcc does not unroll even with -O3
+ * use with care, unrolling on modern cpus rarely speeds things up
+ */
+#ifdef HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_OPTIMIZE_UNROLL_LOOPS
+#define NPY_GCC_UNROLL_LOOPS \
+    __attribute__((optimize("unroll-loops")))
+#else
+#define NPY_GCC_UNROLL_LOOPS
+#endif
+
+/* highest gcc optimization level, enabled autovectorizer */
+#ifdef HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_OPTIMIZE_OPT_3
+#define NPY_GCC_OPT_3 __attribute__((optimize("O3")))
+#else
+#define NPY_GCC_OPT_3
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * mark an argument (starting from 1) that must not be NULL and is not checked
+ * DO NOT USE IF FUNCTION CHECKS FOR NULL!! the compiler will remove the check
+ */
+#ifdef HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_NONNULL
+#define NPY_GCC_NONNULL(n) __attribute__((nonnull(n)))
+#else
+#define NPY_GCC_NONNULL(n)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * give a hint to the compiler which branch is more likely or unlikely
+ * to occur, e.g. rare error cases:
+ *
+ * if (NPY_UNLIKELY(failure == 0))
+ *    return NULL;
+ *
+ * the double !! is to cast the expression (e.g. NULL) to a boolean required by
+ * the intrinsic
+ */
+#ifdef HAVE___BUILTIN_EXPECT
+#define NPY_LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
+#define NPY_UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+#else
+#define NPY_LIKELY(x) (x)
+#define NPY_UNLIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE___BUILTIN_PREFETCH
+/* unlike _mm_prefetch also works on non-x86 */
+#define NPY_PREFETCH(x, rw, loc) __builtin_prefetch((x), (rw), (loc))
+#else
+#ifdef NPY_HAVE_SSE
+/* _MM_HINT_ET[01] (rw = 1) unsupported, only available in gcc >= 4.9 */
+#define NPY_PREFETCH(x, rw, loc) _mm_prefetch((x), loc == 0 ? _MM_HINT_NTA : \
+                                             (loc == 1 ? _MM_HINT_T2 : \
+                                              (loc == 2 ? _MM_HINT_T1 : \
+                                               (loc == 3 ? _MM_HINT_T0 : -1))))
+#else
+#define NPY_PREFETCH(x, rw,loc)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* `NPY_INLINE` kept for backwards compatibility; use `inline` instead */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+    #define NPY_INLINE __inline
+/* clang included here to handle clang-cl on Windows */
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    #if defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
+         #define NPY_INLINE __inline__
+    #else
+         #define NPY_INLINE inline
+    #endif
+#else
+    #define NPY_INLINE
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    #define NPY_FINLINE static __forceinline
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+    #define NPY_FINLINE static inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+#else
+    #define NPY_FINLINE static
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #define NPY_NOINLINE static __declspec(noinline)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    #define NPY_NOINLINE static __attribute__((noinline))
+#else
+    #define NPY_NOINLINE static
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE___THREAD
+    #define NPY_TLS __thread
+#else
+    #ifdef HAVE___DECLSPEC_THREAD_
+        #define NPY_TLS __declspec(thread)
+    #else
+        #define NPY_TLS
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef WITH_CPYCHECKER_RETURNS_BORROWED_REF_ATTRIBUTE
+  #define NPY_RETURNS_BORROWED_REF \
+    __attribute__((cpychecker_returns_borrowed_ref))
+#else
+  #define NPY_RETURNS_BORROWED_REF
+#endif
+
+#ifdef WITH_CPYCHECKER_STEALS_REFERENCE_TO_ARG_ATTRIBUTE
+  #define NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(n) \
+   __attribute__((cpychecker_steals_reference_to_arg(n)))
+#else
+ #define NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(n)
+#endif
+
+/* 64 bit file position support, also on win-amd64. Issue gh-2256 */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_WIN64) && (_MSC_VER > 1400) || \
+    defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+    #include 
+
+    #define npy_fseek _fseeki64
+    #define npy_ftell _ftelli64
+    #define npy_lseek _lseeki64
+    #define npy_off_t npy_int64
+
+    #if NPY_SIZEOF_INT == 8
+        #define NPY_OFF_T_PYFMT "i"
+    #elif NPY_SIZEOF_LONG == 8
+        #define NPY_OFF_T_PYFMT "l"
+    #elif NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG == 8
+        #define NPY_OFF_T_PYFMT "L"
+    #else
+        #error Unsupported size for type off_t
+    #endif
+#else
+#ifdef HAVE_FSEEKO
+    #define npy_fseek fseeko
+#else
+    #define npy_fseek fseek
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_FTELLO
+    #define npy_ftell ftello
+#else
+    #define npy_ftell ftell
+#endif
+    #include 
+    #ifndef _WIN32
+        #include 
+    #endif
+    #define npy_lseek lseek
+    #define npy_off_t off_t
+
+    #if NPY_SIZEOF_OFF_T == NPY_SIZEOF_SHORT
+        #define NPY_OFF_T_PYFMT "h"
+    #elif NPY_SIZEOF_OFF_T == NPY_SIZEOF_INT
+        #define NPY_OFF_T_PYFMT "i"
+    #elif NPY_SIZEOF_OFF_T == NPY_SIZEOF_LONG
+        #define NPY_OFF_T_PYFMT "l"
+    #elif NPY_SIZEOF_OFF_T == NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG
+        #define NPY_OFF_T_PYFMT "L"
+    #else
+        #error Unsupported size for type off_t
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+/* enums for detected endianness */
+enum {
+        NPY_CPU_UNKNOWN_ENDIAN,
+        NPY_CPU_LITTLE,
+        NPY_CPU_BIG
+};
+
+/*
+ * This is to typedef npy_intp to the appropriate pointer size for this
+ * platform.  Py_intptr_t, Py_uintptr_t are defined in pyport.h.
+ */
+typedef Py_intptr_t npy_intp;
+typedef Py_uintptr_t npy_uintp;
+
+/*
+ * Define sizes that were not defined in numpyconfig.h.
+ */
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_CHAR 1
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_BYTE 1
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_DATETIME 8
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_TIMEDELTA 8
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_INTP NPY_SIZEOF_PY_INTPTR_T
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_UINTP NPY_SIZEOF_PY_INTPTR_T
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_HALF 2
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_CFLOAT NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_FLOAT
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_CDOUBLE NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_DOUBLE
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_CLONGDOUBLE NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_LONGDOUBLE
+
+#ifdef constchar
+#undef constchar
+#endif
+
+#define NPY_SSIZE_T_PYFMT "n"
+#define constchar char
+
+/* NPY_INTP_FMT Note:
+ *      Unlike the other NPY_*_FMT macros, which are used with PyOS_snprintf,
+ *      NPY_INTP_FMT is used with PyErr_Format and PyUnicode_FromFormat. Those
+ *      functions use different formatting codes that are portably specified
+ *      according to the Python documentation. See issue gh-2388.
+ */
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_PY_INTPTR_T == NPY_SIZEOF_INT
+        #define NPY_INTP NPY_INT
+        #define NPY_UINTP NPY_UINT
+        #define PyIntpArrType_Type PyIntArrType_Type
+        #define PyUIntpArrType_Type PyUIntArrType_Type
+        #define NPY_MAX_INTP NPY_MAX_INT
+        #define NPY_MIN_INTP NPY_MIN_INT
+        #define NPY_MAX_UINTP NPY_MAX_UINT
+        #define NPY_INTP_FMT "d"
+#elif NPY_SIZEOF_PY_INTPTR_T == NPY_SIZEOF_LONG
+        #define NPY_INTP NPY_LONG
+        #define NPY_UINTP NPY_ULONG
+        #define PyIntpArrType_Type PyLongArrType_Type
+        #define PyUIntpArrType_Type PyULongArrType_Type
+        #define NPY_MAX_INTP NPY_MAX_LONG
+        #define NPY_MIN_INTP NPY_MIN_LONG
+        #define NPY_MAX_UINTP NPY_MAX_ULONG
+        #define NPY_INTP_FMT "ld"
+#elif defined(PY_LONG_LONG) && (NPY_SIZEOF_PY_INTPTR_T == NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG)
+        #define NPY_INTP NPY_LONGLONG
+        #define NPY_UINTP NPY_ULONGLONG
+        #define PyIntpArrType_Type PyLongLongArrType_Type
+        #define PyUIntpArrType_Type PyULongLongArrType_Type
+        #define NPY_MAX_INTP NPY_MAX_LONGLONG
+        #define NPY_MIN_INTP NPY_MIN_LONGLONG
+        #define NPY_MAX_UINTP NPY_MAX_ULONGLONG
+        #define NPY_INTP_FMT "lld"
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * We can only use C99 formats for npy_int_p if it is the same as
+ * intp_t, hence the condition on HAVE_UNITPTR_T
+ */
+#if (NPY_USE_C99_FORMATS) == 1 \
+        && (defined HAVE_UINTPTR_T) \
+        && (defined HAVE_INTTYPES_H)
+        #include 
+        #undef NPY_INTP_FMT
+        #define NPY_INTP_FMT PRIdPTR
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * Some platforms don't define bool, long long, or long double.
+ * Handle that here.
+ */
+#define NPY_BYTE_FMT "hhd"
+#define NPY_UBYTE_FMT "hhu"
+#define NPY_SHORT_FMT "hd"
+#define NPY_USHORT_FMT "hu"
+#define NPY_INT_FMT "d"
+#define NPY_UINT_FMT "u"
+#define NPY_LONG_FMT "ld"
+#define NPY_ULONG_FMT "lu"
+#define NPY_HALF_FMT "g"
+#define NPY_FLOAT_FMT "g"
+#define NPY_DOUBLE_FMT "g"
+
+
+#ifdef PY_LONG_LONG
+typedef PY_LONG_LONG npy_longlong;
+typedef unsigned PY_LONG_LONG npy_ulonglong;
+#  ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    define NPY_LONGLONG_FMT         "I64d"
+#    define NPY_ULONGLONG_FMT        "I64u"
+#  else
+#    define NPY_LONGLONG_FMT         "lld"
+#    define NPY_ULONGLONG_FMT        "llu"
+#  endif
+#  ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    define NPY_LONGLONG_SUFFIX(x)   (x##i64)
+#    define NPY_ULONGLONG_SUFFIX(x)  (x##Ui64)
+#  else
+#    define NPY_LONGLONG_SUFFIX(x)   (x##LL)
+#    define NPY_ULONGLONG_SUFFIX(x)  (x##ULL)
+#  endif
+#else
+typedef long npy_longlong;
+typedef unsigned long npy_ulonglong;
+#  define NPY_LONGLONG_SUFFIX(x)  (x##L)
+#  define NPY_ULONGLONG_SUFFIX(x) (x##UL)
+#endif
+
+
+typedef unsigned char npy_bool;
+#define NPY_FALSE 0
+#define NPY_TRUE 1
+/*
+ * `NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE` isn't usually equal to sizeof(long double).
+ * In some certain cases, it may forced to be equal to sizeof(double)
+ * even against the compiler implementation and the same goes for
+ * `complex long double`.
+ *
+ * Therefore, avoid `long double`, use `npy_longdouble` instead,
+ * and when it comes to standard math functions make sure of using
+ * the double version when `NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE` == `NPY_SIZEOF_DOUBLE`.
+ * For example:
+ *   npy_longdouble *ptr, x;
+ *   #if NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE == NPY_SIZEOF_DOUBLE
+ *       npy_longdouble r = modf(x, ptr);
+ *   #else
+ *       npy_longdouble r = modfl(x, ptr);
+ *   #endif
+ *
+ * See https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/20348
+ */
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE == NPY_SIZEOF_DOUBLE
+    #define NPY_LONGDOUBLE_FMT "g"
+    typedef double npy_longdouble;
+#else
+    #define NPY_LONGDOUBLE_FMT "Lg"
+    typedef long double npy_longdouble;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Py_USING_UNICODE
+#error Must use Python with unicode enabled.
+#endif
+
+
+typedef signed char npy_byte;
+typedef unsigned char npy_ubyte;
+typedef unsigned short npy_ushort;
+typedef unsigned int npy_uint;
+typedef unsigned long npy_ulong;
+
+/* These are for completeness */
+typedef char npy_char;
+typedef short npy_short;
+typedef int npy_int;
+typedef long npy_long;
+typedef float npy_float;
+typedef double npy_double;
+
+typedef Py_hash_t npy_hash_t;
+#define NPY_SIZEOF_HASH_T NPY_SIZEOF_INTP
+
+/*
+ * Disabling C99 complex usage: a lot of C code in numpy/scipy rely on being
+ * able to do .real/.imag. Will have to convert code first.
+ */
+#if 0
+#if defined(NPY_USE_C99_COMPLEX) && defined(NPY_HAVE_COMPLEX_DOUBLE)
+typedef complex npy_cdouble;
+#else
+typedef struct { double real, imag; } npy_cdouble;
+#endif
+
+#if defined(NPY_USE_C99_COMPLEX) && defined(NPY_HAVE_COMPLEX_FLOAT)
+typedef complex float npy_cfloat;
+#else
+typedef struct { float real, imag; } npy_cfloat;
+#endif
+
+#if defined(NPY_USE_C99_COMPLEX) && defined(NPY_HAVE_COMPLEX_LONG_DOUBLE)
+typedef complex long double npy_clongdouble;
+#else
+typedef struct {npy_longdouble real, imag;} npy_clongdouble;
+#endif
+#endif
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_DOUBLE != 2 * NPY_SIZEOF_DOUBLE
+#error npy_cdouble definition is not compatible with C99 complex definition ! \
+        Please contact NumPy maintainers and give detailed information about your \
+        compiler and platform
+#endif
+typedef struct { double real, imag; } npy_cdouble;
+
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_FLOAT != 2 * NPY_SIZEOF_FLOAT
+#error npy_cfloat definition is not compatible with C99 complex definition ! \
+        Please contact NumPy maintainers and give detailed information about your \
+        compiler and platform
+#endif
+typedef struct { float real, imag; } npy_cfloat;
+
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_LONGDOUBLE != 2 * NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE
+#error npy_clongdouble definition is not compatible with C99 complex definition ! \
+        Please contact NumPy maintainers and give detailed information about your \
+        compiler and platform
+#endif
+typedef struct { npy_longdouble real, imag; } npy_clongdouble;
+
+/*
+ * numarray-style bit-width typedefs
+ */
+#define NPY_MAX_INT8 127
+#define NPY_MIN_INT8 -128
+#define NPY_MAX_UINT8 255
+#define NPY_MAX_INT16 32767
+#define NPY_MIN_INT16 -32768
+#define NPY_MAX_UINT16 65535
+#define NPY_MAX_INT32 2147483647
+#define NPY_MIN_INT32 (-NPY_MAX_INT32 - 1)
+#define NPY_MAX_UINT32 4294967295U
+#define NPY_MAX_INT64 NPY_LONGLONG_SUFFIX(9223372036854775807)
+#define NPY_MIN_INT64 (-NPY_MAX_INT64 - NPY_LONGLONG_SUFFIX(1))
+#define NPY_MAX_UINT64 NPY_ULONGLONG_SUFFIX(18446744073709551615)
+#define NPY_MAX_INT128 NPY_LONGLONG_SUFFIX(85070591730234615865843651857942052864)
+#define NPY_MIN_INT128 (-NPY_MAX_INT128 - NPY_LONGLONG_SUFFIX(1))
+#define NPY_MAX_UINT128 NPY_ULONGLONG_SUFFIX(170141183460469231731687303715884105728)
+#define NPY_MAX_INT256 NPY_LONGLONG_SUFFIX(57896044618658097711785492504343953926634992332820282019728792003956564819967)
+#define NPY_MIN_INT256 (-NPY_MAX_INT256 - NPY_LONGLONG_SUFFIX(1))
+#define NPY_MAX_UINT256 NPY_ULONGLONG_SUFFIX(115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639935)
+#define NPY_MIN_DATETIME NPY_MIN_INT64
+#define NPY_MAX_DATETIME NPY_MAX_INT64
+#define NPY_MIN_TIMEDELTA NPY_MIN_INT64
+#define NPY_MAX_TIMEDELTA NPY_MAX_INT64
+
+        /* Need to find the number of bits for each type and
+           make definitions accordingly.
+
+           C states that sizeof(char) == 1 by definition
+
+           So, just using the sizeof keyword won't help.
+
+           It also looks like Python itself uses sizeof(char) quite a
+           bit, which by definition should be 1 all the time.
+
+           Idea: Make Use of CHAR_BIT which should tell us how many
+           BITS per CHARACTER
+        */
+
+        /* Include platform definitions -- These are in the C89/90 standard */
+#include 
+#define NPY_MAX_BYTE SCHAR_MAX
+#define NPY_MIN_BYTE SCHAR_MIN
+#define NPY_MAX_UBYTE UCHAR_MAX
+#define NPY_MAX_SHORT SHRT_MAX
+#define NPY_MIN_SHORT SHRT_MIN
+#define NPY_MAX_USHORT USHRT_MAX
+#define NPY_MAX_INT   INT_MAX
+#ifndef INT_MIN
+#define INT_MIN (-INT_MAX - 1)
+#endif
+#define NPY_MIN_INT   INT_MIN
+#define NPY_MAX_UINT  UINT_MAX
+#define NPY_MAX_LONG  LONG_MAX
+#define NPY_MIN_LONG  LONG_MIN
+#define NPY_MAX_ULONG  ULONG_MAX
+
+#define NPY_BITSOF_BOOL (sizeof(npy_bool) * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_CHAR CHAR_BIT
+#define NPY_BITSOF_BYTE (NPY_SIZEOF_BYTE * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_SHORT (NPY_SIZEOF_SHORT * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_INT (NPY_SIZEOF_INT * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_LONG (NPY_SIZEOF_LONG * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_LONGLONG (NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_INTP (NPY_SIZEOF_INTP * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_HALF (NPY_SIZEOF_HALF * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_FLOAT (NPY_SIZEOF_FLOAT * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_DOUBLE (NPY_SIZEOF_DOUBLE * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_LONGDOUBLE (NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_CFLOAT (NPY_SIZEOF_CFLOAT * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_CDOUBLE (NPY_SIZEOF_CDOUBLE * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_CLONGDOUBLE (NPY_SIZEOF_CLONGDOUBLE * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_DATETIME (NPY_SIZEOF_DATETIME * CHAR_BIT)
+#define NPY_BITSOF_TIMEDELTA (NPY_SIZEOF_TIMEDELTA * CHAR_BIT)
+
+#if NPY_BITSOF_LONG == 8
+#define NPY_INT8 NPY_LONG
+#define NPY_UINT8 NPY_ULONG
+        typedef long npy_int8;
+        typedef unsigned long npy_uint8;
+#define PyInt8ScalarObject PyLongScalarObject
+#define PyInt8ArrType_Type PyLongArrType_Type
+#define PyUInt8ScalarObject PyULongScalarObject
+#define PyUInt8ArrType_Type PyULongArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT8_FMT NPY_LONG_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT8_FMT NPY_ULONG_FMT
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONG == 16
+#define NPY_INT16 NPY_LONG
+#define NPY_UINT16 NPY_ULONG
+        typedef long npy_int16;
+        typedef unsigned long npy_uint16;
+#define PyInt16ScalarObject PyLongScalarObject
+#define PyInt16ArrType_Type PyLongArrType_Type
+#define PyUInt16ScalarObject PyULongScalarObject
+#define PyUInt16ArrType_Type PyULongArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT16_FMT NPY_LONG_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT16_FMT NPY_ULONG_FMT
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONG == 32
+#define NPY_INT32 NPY_LONG
+#define NPY_UINT32 NPY_ULONG
+        typedef long npy_int32;
+        typedef unsigned long npy_uint32;
+        typedef unsigned long npy_ucs4;
+#define PyInt32ScalarObject PyLongScalarObject
+#define PyInt32ArrType_Type PyLongArrType_Type
+#define PyUInt32ScalarObject PyULongScalarObject
+#define PyUInt32ArrType_Type PyULongArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT32_FMT NPY_LONG_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT32_FMT NPY_ULONG_FMT
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONG == 64
+#define NPY_INT64 NPY_LONG
+#define NPY_UINT64 NPY_ULONG
+        typedef long npy_int64;
+        typedef unsigned long npy_uint64;
+#define PyInt64ScalarObject PyLongScalarObject
+#define PyInt64ArrType_Type PyLongArrType_Type
+#define PyUInt64ScalarObject PyULongScalarObject
+#define PyUInt64ArrType_Type PyULongArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT64_FMT NPY_LONG_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT64_FMT NPY_ULONG_FMT
+#define MyPyLong_FromInt64 PyLong_FromLong
+#define MyPyLong_AsInt64 PyLong_AsLong
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONG == 128
+#define NPY_INT128 NPY_LONG
+#define NPY_UINT128 NPY_ULONG
+        typedef long npy_int128;
+        typedef unsigned long npy_uint128;
+#define PyInt128ScalarObject PyLongScalarObject
+#define PyInt128ArrType_Type PyLongArrType_Type
+#define PyUInt128ScalarObject PyULongScalarObject
+#define PyUInt128ArrType_Type PyULongArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT128_FMT NPY_LONG_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT128_FMT NPY_ULONG_FMT
+#endif
+
+#if NPY_BITSOF_LONGLONG == 8
+#  ifndef NPY_INT8
+#    define NPY_INT8 NPY_LONGLONG
+#    define NPY_UINT8 NPY_ULONGLONG
+        typedef npy_longlong npy_int8;
+        typedef npy_ulonglong npy_uint8;
+#    define PyInt8ScalarObject PyLongLongScalarObject
+#    define PyInt8ArrType_Type PyLongLongArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt8ScalarObject PyULongLongScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt8ArrType_Type PyULongLongArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT8_FMT NPY_LONGLONG_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT8_FMT NPY_ULONGLONG_FMT
+#  endif
+#  define NPY_MAX_LONGLONG NPY_MAX_INT8
+#  define NPY_MIN_LONGLONG NPY_MIN_INT8
+#  define NPY_MAX_ULONGLONG NPY_MAX_UINT8
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONGLONG == 16
+#  ifndef NPY_INT16
+#    define NPY_INT16 NPY_LONGLONG
+#    define NPY_UINT16 NPY_ULONGLONG
+        typedef npy_longlong npy_int16;
+        typedef npy_ulonglong npy_uint16;
+#    define PyInt16ScalarObject PyLongLongScalarObject
+#    define PyInt16ArrType_Type PyLongLongArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt16ScalarObject PyULongLongScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt16ArrType_Type PyULongLongArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT16_FMT NPY_LONGLONG_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT16_FMT NPY_ULONGLONG_FMT
+#  endif
+#  define NPY_MAX_LONGLONG NPY_MAX_INT16
+#  define NPY_MIN_LONGLONG NPY_MIN_INT16
+#  define NPY_MAX_ULONGLONG NPY_MAX_UINT16
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONGLONG == 32
+#  ifndef NPY_INT32
+#    define NPY_INT32 NPY_LONGLONG
+#    define NPY_UINT32 NPY_ULONGLONG
+        typedef npy_longlong npy_int32;
+        typedef npy_ulonglong npy_uint32;
+        typedef npy_ulonglong npy_ucs4;
+#    define PyInt32ScalarObject PyLongLongScalarObject
+#    define PyInt32ArrType_Type PyLongLongArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt32ScalarObject PyULongLongScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt32ArrType_Type PyULongLongArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT32_FMT NPY_LONGLONG_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT32_FMT NPY_ULONGLONG_FMT
+#  endif
+#  define NPY_MAX_LONGLONG NPY_MAX_INT32
+#  define NPY_MIN_LONGLONG NPY_MIN_INT32
+#  define NPY_MAX_ULONGLONG NPY_MAX_UINT32
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONGLONG == 64
+#  ifndef NPY_INT64
+#    define NPY_INT64 NPY_LONGLONG
+#    define NPY_UINT64 NPY_ULONGLONG
+        typedef npy_longlong npy_int64;
+        typedef npy_ulonglong npy_uint64;
+#    define PyInt64ScalarObject PyLongLongScalarObject
+#    define PyInt64ArrType_Type PyLongLongArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt64ScalarObject PyULongLongScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt64ArrType_Type PyULongLongArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT64_FMT NPY_LONGLONG_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT64_FMT NPY_ULONGLONG_FMT
+#    define MyPyLong_FromInt64 PyLong_FromLongLong
+#    define MyPyLong_AsInt64 PyLong_AsLongLong
+#  endif
+#  define NPY_MAX_LONGLONG NPY_MAX_INT64
+#  define NPY_MIN_LONGLONG NPY_MIN_INT64
+#  define NPY_MAX_ULONGLONG NPY_MAX_UINT64
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONGLONG == 128
+#  ifndef NPY_INT128
+#    define NPY_INT128 NPY_LONGLONG
+#    define NPY_UINT128 NPY_ULONGLONG
+        typedef npy_longlong npy_int128;
+        typedef npy_ulonglong npy_uint128;
+#    define PyInt128ScalarObject PyLongLongScalarObject
+#    define PyInt128ArrType_Type PyLongLongArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt128ScalarObject PyULongLongScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt128ArrType_Type PyULongLongArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT128_FMT NPY_LONGLONG_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT128_FMT NPY_ULONGLONG_FMT
+#  endif
+#  define NPY_MAX_LONGLONG NPY_MAX_INT128
+#  define NPY_MIN_LONGLONG NPY_MIN_INT128
+#  define NPY_MAX_ULONGLONG NPY_MAX_UINT128
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONGLONG == 256
+#  define NPY_INT256 NPY_LONGLONG
+#  define NPY_UINT256 NPY_ULONGLONG
+        typedef npy_longlong npy_int256;
+        typedef npy_ulonglong npy_uint256;
+#  define PyInt256ScalarObject PyLongLongScalarObject
+#  define PyInt256ArrType_Type PyLongLongArrType_Type
+#  define PyUInt256ScalarObject PyULongLongScalarObject
+#  define PyUInt256ArrType_Type PyULongLongArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT256_FMT NPY_LONGLONG_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT256_FMT NPY_ULONGLONG_FMT
+#  define NPY_MAX_LONGLONG NPY_MAX_INT256
+#  define NPY_MIN_LONGLONG NPY_MIN_INT256
+#  define NPY_MAX_ULONGLONG NPY_MAX_UINT256
+#endif
+
+#if NPY_BITSOF_INT == 8
+#ifndef NPY_INT8
+#define NPY_INT8 NPY_INT
+#define NPY_UINT8 NPY_UINT
+        typedef int npy_int8;
+        typedef unsigned int npy_uint8;
+#    define PyInt8ScalarObject PyIntScalarObject
+#    define PyInt8ArrType_Type PyIntArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt8ScalarObject PyUIntScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt8ArrType_Type PyUIntArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT8_FMT NPY_INT_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT8_FMT NPY_UINT_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_INT == 16
+#ifndef NPY_INT16
+#define NPY_INT16 NPY_INT
+#define NPY_UINT16 NPY_UINT
+        typedef int npy_int16;
+        typedef unsigned int npy_uint16;
+#    define PyInt16ScalarObject PyIntScalarObject
+#    define PyInt16ArrType_Type PyIntArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt16ScalarObject PyIntUScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt16ArrType_Type PyIntUArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT16_FMT NPY_INT_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT16_FMT NPY_UINT_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_INT == 32
+#ifndef NPY_INT32
+#define NPY_INT32 NPY_INT
+#define NPY_UINT32 NPY_UINT
+        typedef int npy_int32;
+        typedef unsigned int npy_uint32;
+        typedef unsigned int npy_ucs4;
+#    define PyInt32ScalarObject PyIntScalarObject
+#    define PyInt32ArrType_Type PyIntArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt32ScalarObject PyUIntScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt32ArrType_Type PyUIntArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT32_FMT NPY_INT_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT32_FMT NPY_UINT_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_INT == 64
+#ifndef NPY_INT64
+#define NPY_INT64 NPY_INT
+#define NPY_UINT64 NPY_UINT
+        typedef int npy_int64;
+        typedef unsigned int npy_uint64;
+#    define PyInt64ScalarObject PyIntScalarObject
+#    define PyInt64ArrType_Type PyIntArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt64ScalarObject PyUIntScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt64ArrType_Type PyUIntArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT64_FMT NPY_INT_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT64_FMT NPY_UINT_FMT
+#    define MyPyLong_FromInt64 PyLong_FromLong
+#    define MyPyLong_AsInt64 PyLong_AsLong
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_INT == 128
+#ifndef NPY_INT128
+#define NPY_INT128 NPY_INT
+#define NPY_UINT128 NPY_UINT
+        typedef int npy_int128;
+        typedef unsigned int npy_uint128;
+#    define PyInt128ScalarObject PyIntScalarObject
+#    define PyInt128ArrType_Type PyIntArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt128ScalarObject PyUIntScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt128ArrType_Type PyUIntArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT128_FMT NPY_INT_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT128_FMT NPY_UINT_FMT
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if NPY_BITSOF_SHORT == 8
+#ifndef NPY_INT8
+#define NPY_INT8 NPY_SHORT
+#define NPY_UINT8 NPY_USHORT
+        typedef short npy_int8;
+        typedef unsigned short npy_uint8;
+#    define PyInt8ScalarObject PyShortScalarObject
+#    define PyInt8ArrType_Type PyShortArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt8ScalarObject PyUShortScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt8ArrType_Type PyUShortArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT8_FMT NPY_SHORT_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT8_FMT NPY_USHORT_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_SHORT == 16
+#ifndef NPY_INT16
+#define NPY_INT16 NPY_SHORT
+#define NPY_UINT16 NPY_USHORT
+        typedef short npy_int16;
+        typedef unsigned short npy_uint16;
+#    define PyInt16ScalarObject PyShortScalarObject
+#    define PyInt16ArrType_Type PyShortArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt16ScalarObject PyUShortScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt16ArrType_Type PyUShortArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT16_FMT NPY_SHORT_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT16_FMT NPY_USHORT_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_SHORT == 32
+#ifndef NPY_INT32
+#define NPY_INT32 NPY_SHORT
+#define NPY_UINT32 NPY_USHORT
+        typedef short npy_int32;
+        typedef unsigned short npy_uint32;
+        typedef unsigned short npy_ucs4;
+#    define PyInt32ScalarObject PyShortScalarObject
+#    define PyInt32ArrType_Type PyShortArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt32ScalarObject PyUShortScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt32ArrType_Type PyUShortArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT32_FMT NPY_SHORT_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT32_FMT NPY_USHORT_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_SHORT == 64
+#ifndef NPY_INT64
+#define NPY_INT64 NPY_SHORT
+#define NPY_UINT64 NPY_USHORT
+        typedef short npy_int64;
+        typedef unsigned short npy_uint64;
+#    define PyInt64ScalarObject PyShortScalarObject
+#    define PyInt64ArrType_Type PyShortArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt64ScalarObject PyUShortScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt64ArrType_Type PyUShortArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT64_FMT NPY_SHORT_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT64_FMT NPY_USHORT_FMT
+#    define MyPyLong_FromInt64 PyLong_FromLong
+#    define MyPyLong_AsInt64 PyLong_AsLong
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_SHORT == 128
+#ifndef NPY_INT128
+#define NPY_INT128 NPY_SHORT
+#define NPY_UINT128 NPY_USHORT
+        typedef short npy_int128;
+        typedef unsigned short npy_uint128;
+#    define PyInt128ScalarObject PyShortScalarObject
+#    define PyInt128ArrType_Type PyShortArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt128ScalarObject PyUShortScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt128ArrType_Type PyUShortArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT128_FMT NPY_SHORT_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT128_FMT NPY_USHORT_FMT
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+#if NPY_BITSOF_CHAR == 8
+#ifndef NPY_INT8
+#define NPY_INT8 NPY_BYTE
+#define NPY_UINT8 NPY_UBYTE
+        typedef signed char npy_int8;
+        typedef unsigned char npy_uint8;
+#    define PyInt8ScalarObject PyByteScalarObject
+#    define PyInt8ArrType_Type PyByteArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt8ScalarObject PyUByteScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt8ArrType_Type PyUByteArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT8_FMT NPY_BYTE_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT8_FMT NPY_UBYTE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_CHAR == 16
+#ifndef NPY_INT16
+#define NPY_INT16 NPY_BYTE
+#define NPY_UINT16 NPY_UBYTE
+        typedef signed char npy_int16;
+        typedef unsigned char npy_uint16;
+#    define PyInt16ScalarObject PyByteScalarObject
+#    define PyInt16ArrType_Type PyByteArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt16ScalarObject PyUByteScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt16ArrType_Type PyUByteArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT16_FMT NPY_BYTE_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT16_FMT NPY_UBYTE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_CHAR == 32
+#ifndef NPY_INT32
+#define NPY_INT32 NPY_BYTE
+#define NPY_UINT32 NPY_UBYTE
+        typedef signed char npy_int32;
+        typedef unsigned char npy_uint32;
+        typedef unsigned char npy_ucs4;
+#    define PyInt32ScalarObject PyByteScalarObject
+#    define PyInt32ArrType_Type PyByteArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt32ScalarObject PyUByteScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt32ArrType_Type PyUByteArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT32_FMT NPY_BYTE_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT32_FMT NPY_UBYTE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_CHAR == 64
+#ifndef NPY_INT64
+#define NPY_INT64 NPY_BYTE
+#define NPY_UINT64 NPY_UBYTE
+        typedef signed char npy_int64;
+        typedef unsigned char npy_uint64;
+#    define PyInt64ScalarObject PyByteScalarObject
+#    define PyInt64ArrType_Type PyByteArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt64ScalarObject PyUByteScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt64ArrType_Type PyUByteArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT64_FMT NPY_BYTE_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT64_FMT NPY_UBYTE_FMT
+#    define MyPyLong_FromInt64 PyLong_FromLong
+#    define MyPyLong_AsInt64 PyLong_AsLong
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_CHAR == 128
+#ifndef NPY_INT128
+#define NPY_INT128 NPY_BYTE
+#define NPY_UINT128 NPY_UBYTE
+        typedef signed char npy_int128;
+        typedef unsigned char npy_uint128;
+#    define PyInt128ScalarObject PyByteScalarObject
+#    define PyInt128ArrType_Type PyByteArrType_Type
+#    define PyUInt128ScalarObject PyUByteScalarObject
+#    define PyUInt128ArrType_Type PyUByteArrType_Type
+#define NPY_INT128_FMT NPY_BYTE_FMT
+#define NPY_UINT128_FMT NPY_UBYTE_FMT
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+
+#if NPY_BITSOF_DOUBLE == 32
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT32
+#define NPY_FLOAT32 NPY_DOUBLE
+#define NPY_COMPLEX64 NPY_CDOUBLE
+        typedef double npy_float32;
+        typedef npy_cdouble npy_complex64;
+#    define PyFloat32ScalarObject PyDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex64ScalarObject PyCDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat32ArrType_Type PyDoubleArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex64ArrType_Type PyCDoubleArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT32_FMT NPY_DOUBLE_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX64_FMT NPY_CDOUBLE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_DOUBLE == 64
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT64
+#define NPY_FLOAT64 NPY_DOUBLE
+#define NPY_COMPLEX128 NPY_CDOUBLE
+        typedef double npy_float64;
+        typedef npy_cdouble npy_complex128;
+#    define PyFloat64ScalarObject PyDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex128ScalarObject PyCDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat64ArrType_Type PyDoubleArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex128ArrType_Type PyCDoubleArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT64_FMT NPY_DOUBLE_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX128_FMT NPY_CDOUBLE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_DOUBLE == 80
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT80
+#define NPY_FLOAT80 NPY_DOUBLE
+#define NPY_COMPLEX160 NPY_CDOUBLE
+        typedef double npy_float80;
+        typedef npy_cdouble npy_complex160;
+#    define PyFloat80ScalarObject PyDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex160ScalarObject PyCDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat80ArrType_Type PyDoubleArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex160ArrType_Type PyCDoubleArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT80_FMT NPY_DOUBLE_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX160_FMT NPY_CDOUBLE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_DOUBLE == 96
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT96
+#define NPY_FLOAT96 NPY_DOUBLE
+#define NPY_COMPLEX192 NPY_CDOUBLE
+        typedef double npy_float96;
+        typedef npy_cdouble npy_complex192;
+#    define PyFloat96ScalarObject PyDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex192ScalarObject PyCDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat96ArrType_Type PyDoubleArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex192ArrType_Type PyCDoubleArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT96_FMT NPY_DOUBLE_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX192_FMT NPY_CDOUBLE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_DOUBLE == 128
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT128
+#define NPY_FLOAT128 NPY_DOUBLE
+#define NPY_COMPLEX256 NPY_CDOUBLE
+        typedef double npy_float128;
+        typedef npy_cdouble npy_complex256;
+#    define PyFloat128ScalarObject PyDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex256ScalarObject PyCDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat128ArrType_Type PyDoubleArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex256ArrType_Type PyCDoubleArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT128_FMT NPY_DOUBLE_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX256_FMT NPY_CDOUBLE_FMT
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+
+#if NPY_BITSOF_FLOAT == 32
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT32
+#define NPY_FLOAT32 NPY_FLOAT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX64 NPY_CFLOAT
+        typedef float npy_float32;
+        typedef npy_cfloat npy_complex64;
+#    define PyFloat32ScalarObject PyFloatScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex64ScalarObject PyCFloatScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat32ArrType_Type PyFloatArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex64ArrType_Type PyCFloatArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT32_FMT NPY_FLOAT_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX64_FMT NPY_CFLOAT_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_FLOAT == 64
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT64
+#define NPY_FLOAT64 NPY_FLOAT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX128 NPY_CFLOAT
+        typedef float npy_float64;
+        typedef npy_cfloat npy_complex128;
+#    define PyFloat64ScalarObject PyFloatScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex128ScalarObject PyCFloatScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat64ArrType_Type PyFloatArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex128ArrType_Type PyCFloatArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT64_FMT NPY_FLOAT_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX128_FMT NPY_CFLOAT_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_FLOAT == 80
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT80
+#define NPY_FLOAT80 NPY_FLOAT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX160 NPY_CFLOAT
+        typedef float npy_float80;
+        typedef npy_cfloat npy_complex160;
+#    define PyFloat80ScalarObject PyFloatScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex160ScalarObject PyCFloatScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat80ArrType_Type PyFloatArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex160ArrType_Type PyCFloatArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT80_FMT NPY_FLOAT_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX160_FMT NPY_CFLOAT_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_FLOAT == 96
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT96
+#define NPY_FLOAT96 NPY_FLOAT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX192 NPY_CFLOAT
+        typedef float npy_float96;
+        typedef npy_cfloat npy_complex192;
+#    define PyFloat96ScalarObject PyFloatScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex192ScalarObject PyCFloatScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat96ArrType_Type PyFloatArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex192ArrType_Type PyCFloatArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT96_FMT NPY_FLOAT_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX192_FMT NPY_CFLOAT_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_FLOAT == 128
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT128
+#define NPY_FLOAT128 NPY_FLOAT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX256 NPY_CFLOAT
+        typedef float npy_float128;
+        typedef npy_cfloat npy_complex256;
+#    define PyFloat128ScalarObject PyFloatScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex256ScalarObject PyCFloatScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat128ArrType_Type PyFloatArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex256ArrType_Type PyCFloatArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT128_FMT NPY_FLOAT_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX256_FMT NPY_CFLOAT_FMT
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* half/float16 isn't a floating-point type in C */
+#define NPY_FLOAT16 NPY_HALF
+typedef npy_uint16 npy_half;
+typedef npy_half npy_float16;
+
+#if NPY_BITSOF_LONGDOUBLE == 32
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT32
+#define NPY_FLOAT32 NPY_LONGDOUBLE
+#define NPY_COMPLEX64 NPY_CLONGDOUBLE
+        typedef npy_longdouble npy_float32;
+        typedef npy_clongdouble npy_complex64;
+#    define PyFloat32ScalarObject PyLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex64ScalarObject PyCLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat32ArrType_Type PyLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex64ArrType_Type PyCLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT32_FMT NPY_LONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX64_FMT NPY_CLONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONGDOUBLE == 64
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT64
+#define NPY_FLOAT64 NPY_LONGDOUBLE
+#define NPY_COMPLEX128 NPY_CLONGDOUBLE
+        typedef npy_longdouble npy_float64;
+        typedef npy_clongdouble npy_complex128;
+#    define PyFloat64ScalarObject PyLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex128ScalarObject PyCLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat64ArrType_Type PyLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex128ArrType_Type PyCLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT64_FMT NPY_LONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX128_FMT NPY_CLONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONGDOUBLE == 80
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT80
+#define NPY_FLOAT80 NPY_LONGDOUBLE
+#define NPY_COMPLEX160 NPY_CLONGDOUBLE
+        typedef npy_longdouble npy_float80;
+        typedef npy_clongdouble npy_complex160;
+#    define PyFloat80ScalarObject PyLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex160ScalarObject PyCLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat80ArrType_Type PyLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex160ArrType_Type PyCLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT80_FMT NPY_LONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX160_FMT NPY_CLONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONGDOUBLE == 96
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT96
+#define NPY_FLOAT96 NPY_LONGDOUBLE
+#define NPY_COMPLEX192 NPY_CLONGDOUBLE
+        typedef npy_longdouble npy_float96;
+        typedef npy_clongdouble npy_complex192;
+#    define PyFloat96ScalarObject PyLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex192ScalarObject PyCLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat96ArrType_Type PyLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex192ArrType_Type PyCLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT96_FMT NPY_LONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX192_FMT NPY_CLONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONGDOUBLE == 128
+#ifndef NPY_FLOAT128
+#define NPY_FLOAT128 NPY_LONGDOUBLE
+#define NPY_COMPLEX256 NPY_CLONGDOUBLE
+        typedef npy_longdouble npy_float128;
+        typedef npy_clongdouble npy_complex256;
+#    define PyFloat128ScalarObject PyLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex256ScalarObject PyCLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat128ArrType_Type PyLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex256ArrType_Type PyCLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT128_FMT NPY_LONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX256_FMT NPY_CLONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#endif
+#elif NPY_BITSOF_LONGDOUBLE == 256
+#define NPY_FLOAT256 NPY_LONGDOUBLE
+#define NPY_COMPLEX512 NPY_CLONGDOUBLE
+        typedef npy_longdouble npy_float256;
+        typedef npy_clongdouble npy_complex512;
+#    define PyFloat256ScalarObject PyLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyComplex512ScalarObject PyCLongDoubleScalarObject
+#    define PyFloat256ArrType_Type PyLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#    define PyComplex512ArrType_Type PyCLongDoubleArrType_Type
+#define NPY_FLOAT256_FMT NPY_LONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#define NPY_COMPLEX512_FMT NPY_CLONGDOUBLE_FMT
+#endif
+
+/* datetime typedefs */
+typedef npy_int64 npy_timedelta;
+typedef npy_int64 npy_datetime;
+#define NPY_DATETIME_FMT NPY_INT64_FMT
+#define NPY_TIMEDELTA_FMT NPY_INT64_FMT
+
+/* End of typedefs for numarray style bit-width names */
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_COMMON_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_cpu.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_cpu.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a19f8e6bbdd90f3b69a1f2b2f8086a356910c8a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_cpu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * This set (target) cpu specific macros:
+ *      - Possible values:
+ *              NPY_CPU_X86
+ *              NPY_CPU_AMD64
+ *              NPY_CPU_PPC
+ *              NPY_CPU_PPC64
+ *              NPY_CPU_PPC64LE
+ *              NPY_CPU_SPARC
+ *              NPY_CPU_S390
+ *              NPY_CPU_IA64
+ *              NPY_CPU_HPPA
+ *              NPY_CPU_ALPHA
+ *              NPY_CPU_ARMEL
+ *              NPY_CPU_ARMEB
+ *              NPY_CPU_SH_LE
+ *              NPY_CPU_SH_BE
+ *              NPY_CPU_ARCEL
+ *              NPY_CPU_ARCEB
+ *              NPY_CPU_RISCV64
+ *              NPY_CPU_LOONGARCH
+ *              NPY_CPU_WASM
+ */
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_CPU_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_CPU_H_
+
+#include "numpyconfig.h"
+
+#if defined( __i386__ ) || defined(i386) || defined(_M_IX86)
+    /*
+     * __i386__ is defined by gcc and Intel compiler on Linux,
+     * _M_IX86 by VS compiler,
+     * i386 by Sun compilers on opensolaris at least
+     */
+    #define NPY_CPU_X86
+#elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(_M_AMD64)
+    /*
+     * both __x86_64__ and __amd64__ are defined by gcc
+     * __x86_64 defined by sun compiler on opensolaris at least
+     * _M_AMD64 defined by MS compiler
+     */
+    #define NPY_CPU_AMD64
+#elif defined(__powerpc64__) && defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_PPC64LE
+#elif defined(__powerpc64__) && defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_PPC64
+#elif defined(__ppc__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(_ARCH_PPC)
+    /*
+     * __ppc__ is defined by gcc, I remember having seen __powerpc__ once,
+     * but can't find it ATM
+     * _ARCH_PPC is used by at least gcc on AIX
+     * As __powerpc__ and _ARCH_PPC are also defined by PPC64 check
+     * for those specifically first before defaulting to ppc
+     */
+    #define NPY_CPU_PPC
+#elif defined(__sparc__) || defined(__sparc)
+    /* __sparc__ is defined by gcc and Forte (e.g. Sun) compilers */
+    #define NPY_CPU_SPARC
+#elif defined(__s390__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_S390
+#elif defined(__ia64)
+    #define NPY_CPU_IA64
+#elif defined(__hppa)
+    #define NPY_CPU_HPPA
+#elif defined(__alpha__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_ALPHA
+#elif defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+    /* _M_ARM64 is defined in MSVC for ARM64 compilation on Windows */
+    #if defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
+        #if defined(__ARM_32BIT_STATE)
+            #define NPY_CPU_ARMEB_AARCH32
+        #elif defined(__ARM_64BIT_STATE)
+            #define NPY_CPU_ARMEB_AARCH64
+        #else
+            #define NPY_CPU_ARMEB
+        #endif
+    #elif defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+        #if defined(__ARM_32BIT_STATE)
+            #define NPY_CPU_ARMEL_AARCH32
+        #elif defined(__ARM_64BIT_STATE) || defined(_M_ARM64) || defined(__AARCH64EL__)
+            #define NPY_CPU_ARMEL_AARCH64
+        #else
+            #define NPY_CPU_ARMEL
+        #endif
+    #else
+        # error Unknown ARM CPU, please report this to numpy maintainers with \
+	information about your platform (OS, CPU and compiler)
+    #endif
+#elif defined(__sh__) && defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_SH_LE
+#elif defined(__sh__) && defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_SH_BE
+#elif defined(__MIPSEL__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_MIPSEL
+#elif defined(__MIPSEB__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_MIPSEB
+#elif defined(__or1k__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_OR1K
+#elif defined(__mc68000__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_M68K
+#elif defined(__arc__) && defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_ARCEL
+#elif defined(__arc__) && defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_ARCEB
+#elif defined(__riscv) && defined(__riscv_xlen) && __riscv_xlen == 64
+    #define NPY_CPU_RISCV64
+#elif defined(__loongarch__)
+    #define NPY_CPU_LOONGARCH
+#elif defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+    /* __EMSCRIPTEN__ is defined by emscripten: an LLVM-to-Web compiler */
+    #define NPY_CPU_WASM
+#else
+    #error Unknown CPU, please report this to numpy maintainers with \
+    information about your platform (OS, CPU and compiler)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Except for the following architectures, memory access is limited to the natural
+ * alignment of data types otherwise it may lead to bus error or performance regression.
+ * For more details about unaligned access, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/unaligned-memory-access.txt.
+*/
+#if defined(NPY_CPU_X86) || defined(NPY_CPU_AMD64) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
+    #define NPY_ALIGNMENT_REQUIRED 0
+#endif
+#ifndef NPY_ALIGNMENT_REQUIRED
+    #define NPY_ALIGNMENT_REQUIRED 1
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_CPU_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_endian.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_endian.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e58a7f52cee2c21e8f3a4bbc535e7c0982f7de0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_endian.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_ENDIAN_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_ENDIAN_H_
+
+/*
+ * NPY_BYTE_ORDER is set to the same value as BYTE_ORDER set by glibc in
+ * endian.h
+ */
+
+#if defined(NPY_HAVE_ENDIAN_H) || defined(NPY_HAVE_SYS_ENDIAN_H)
+    /* Use endian.h if available */
+
+    #if defined(NPY_HAVE_ENDIAN_H)
+    #include 
+    #elif defined(NPY_HAVE_SYS_ENDIAN_H)
+    #include 
+    #endif
+
+    #if defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(BIG_ENDIAN) && defined(LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        #define NPY_BYTE_ORDER    BYTE_ORDER
+        #define NPY_LITTLE_ENDIAN LITTLE_ENDIAN
+        #define NPY_BIG_ENDIAN    BIG_ENDIAN
+    #elif defined(_BYTE_ORDER) && defined(_BIG_ENDIAN) && defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        #define NPY_BYTE_ORDER    _BYTE_ORDER
+        #define NPY_LITTLE_ENDIAN _LITTLE_ENDIAN
+        #define NPY_BIG_ENDIAN    _BIG_ENDIAN
+    #elif defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && defined(__BIG_ENDIAN) && defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        #define NPY_BYTE_ORDER    __BYTE_ORDER
+        #define NPY_LITTLE_ENDIAN __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+        #define NPY_BIG_ENDIAN    __BIG_ENDIAN
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NPY_BYTE_ORDER
+    /* Set endianness info using target CPU */
+    #include "npy_cpu.h"
+
+    #define NPY_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1234
+    #define NPY_BIG_ENDIAN 4321
+
+    #if defined(NPY_CPU_X86)                  \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_AMD64)         \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_IA64)          \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_ALPHA)         \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_ARMEL)         \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_ARMEL_AARCH32) \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_ARMEL_AARCH64) \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_SH_LE)         \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_MIPSEL)        \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_PPC64LE)       \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_ARCEL)         \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_RISCV64)       \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_LOONGARCH)     \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_WASM)
+        #define NPY_BYTE_ORDER NPY_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+
+    #elif defined(NPY_CPU_PPC)                \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_SPARC)         \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_S390)          \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_HPPA)          \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_PPC64)         \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_ARMEB)         \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_ARMEB_AARCH32) \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_ARMEB_AARCH64) \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_SH_BE)         \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_MIPSEB)        \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_OR1K)          \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_M68K)          \
+            || defined(NPY_CPU_ARCEB)
+        #define NPY_BYTE_ORDER NPY_BIG_ENDIAN
+
+    #else
+        #error Unknown CPU: can not set endianness
+    #endif
+
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_ENDIAN_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_interrupt.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_interrupt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69a0374dd8e997e5096d89db42977be2557175a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_interrupt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * This API is only provided because it is part of publicly exported
+ * headers. Its use is considered DEPRECATED, and it will be removed
+ * eventually.
+ * (This includes the _PyArray_SigintHandler and _PyArray_GetSigintBuf
+ * functions which are however, public API, and not headers.)
+ *
+ * Instead of using these non-threadsafe macros consider periodically
+ * querying `PyErr_CheckSignals()` or `PyOS_InterruptOccurred()` will work.
+ * Both of these require holding the GIL, although cpython could add a
+ * version of `PyOS_InterruptOccurred()` which does not. Such a version
+ * actually exists as private API in Python 3.10, and backported to 3.9 and 3.8,
+ * see also https://bugs.python.org/issue41037 and
+ * https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/20599).
+ */
+
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_INTERRUPT_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_INTERRUPT_H_
+
+#ifndef NPY_NO_SIGNAL
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#ifndef sigsetjmp
+
+#define NPY_SIGSETJMP(arg1, arg2) setjmp(arg1)
+#define NPY_SIGLONGJMP(arg1, arg2) longjmp(arg1, arg2)
+#define NPY_SIGJMP_BUF jmp_buf
+
+#else
+
+#define NPY_SIGSETJMP(arg1, arg2) sigsetjmp(arg1, arg2)
+#define NPY_SIGLONGJMP(arg1, arg2) siglongjmp(arg1, arg2)
+#define NPY_SIGJMP_BUF sigjmp_buf
+
+#endif
+
+#    define NPY_SIGINT_ON {                                             \
+                   PyOS_sighandler_t _npy_sig_save;                     \
+                   _npy_sig_save = PyOS_setsig(SIGINT, _PyArray_SigintHandler); \
+                   if (NPY_SIGSETJMP(*((NPY_SIGJMP_BUF *)_PyArray_GetSigintBuf()), \
+                                 1) == 0) {                             \
+
+#    define NPY_SIGINT_OFF }                                      \
+        PyOS_setsig(SIGINT, _npy_sig_save);                       \
+        }
+
+#else  /* NPY_NO_SIGNAL  */
+
+#define NPY_SIGINT_ON
+#define NPY_SIGINT_OFF
+
+#endif  /* HAVE_SIGSETJMP */
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_INTERRUPT_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_math.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_math.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2fcd41eb0ba9822f4773a71e95f50372b7a135b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_math.h
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_MATH_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_MATH_H_
+
+#include 
+
+#include 
+
+/* By adding static inline specifiers to npy_math function definitions when
+   appropriate, compiler is given the opportunity to optimize */
+#if NPY_INLINE_MATH
+#define NPY_INPLACE static inline
+#else
+#define NPY_INPLACE
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * NAN and INFINITY like macros (same behavior as glibc for NAN, same as C99
+ * for INFINITY)
+ *
+ * XXX: I should test whether INFINITY and NAN are available on the platform
+ */
+static inline float __npy_inff(void)
+{
+    const union { npy_uint32 __i; float __f;} __bint = {0x7f800000UL};
+    return __bint.__f;
+}
+
+static inline float __npy_nanf(void)
+{
+    const union { npy_uint32 __i; float __f;} __bint = {0x7fc00000UL};
+    return __bint.__f;
+}
+
+static inline float __npy_pzerof(void)
+{
+    const union { npy_uint32 __i; float __f;} __bint = {0x00000000UL};
+    return __bint.__f;
+}
+
+static inline float __npy_nzerof(void)
+{
+    const union { npy_uint32 __i; float __f;} __bint = {0x80000000UL};
+    return __bint.__f;
+}
+
+#define NPY_INFINITYF __npy_inff()
+#define NPY_NANF __npy_nanf()
+#define NPY_PZEROF __npy_pzerof()
+#define NPY_NZEROF __npy_nzerof()
+
+#define NPY_INFINITY ((npy_double)NPY_INFINITYF)
+#define NPY_NAN ((npy_double)NPY_NANF)
+#define NPY_PZERO ((npy_double)NPY_PZEROF)
+#define NPY_NZERO ((npy_double)NPY_NZEROF)
+
+#define NPY_INFINITYL ((npy_longdouble)NPY_INFINITYF)
+#define NPY_NANL ((npy_longdouble)NPY_NANF)
+#define NPY_PZEROL ((npy_longdouble)NPY_PZEROF)
+#define NPY_NZEROL ((npy_longdouble)NPY_NZEROF)
+
+/*
+ * Useful constants
+ */
+#define NPY_E         2.718281828459045235360287471352662498  /* e */
+#define NPY_LOG2E     1.442695040888963407359924681001892137  /* log_2 e */
+#define NPY_LOG10E    0.434294481903251827651128918916605082  /* log_10 e */
+#define NPY_LOGE2     0.693147180559945309417232121458176568  /* log_e 2 */
+#define NPY_LOGE10    2.302585092994045684017991454684364208  /* log_e 10 */
+#define NPY_PI        3.141592653589793238462643383279502884  /* pi */
+#define NPY_PI_2      1.570796326794896619231321691639751442  /* pi/2 */
+#define NPY_PI_4      0.785398163397448309615660845819875721  /* pi/4 */
+#define NPY_1_PI      0.318309886183790671537767526745028724  /* 1/pi */
+#define NPY_2_PI      0.636619772367581343075535053490057448  /* 2/pi */
+#define NPY_EULER     0.577215664901532860606512090082402431  /* Euler constant */
+#define NPY_SQRT2     1.414213562373095048801688724209698079  /* sqrt(2) */
+#define NPY_SQRT1_2   0.707106781186547524400844362104849039  /* 1/sqrt(2) */
+
+#define NPY_Ef        2.718281828459045235360287471352662498F /* e */
+#define NPY_LOG2Ef    1.442695040888963407359924681001892137F /* log_2 e */
+#define NPY_LOG10Ef   0.434294481903251827651128918916605082F /* log_10 e */
+#define NPY_LOGE2f    0.693147180559945309417232121458176568F /* log_e 2 */
+#define NPY_LOGE10f   2.302585092994045684017991454684364208F /* log_e 10 */
+#define NPY_PIf       3.141592653589793238462643383279502884F /* pi */
+#define NPY_PI_2f     1.570796326794896619231321691639751442F /* pi/2 */
+#define NPY_PI_4f     0.785398163397448309615660845819875721F /* pi/4 */
+#define NPY_1_PIf     0.318309886183790671537767526745028724F /* 1/pi */
+#define NPY_2_PIf     0.636619772367581343075535053490057448F /* 2/pi */
+#define NPY_EULERf    0.577215664901532860606512090082402431F /* Euler constant */
+#define NPY_SQRT2f    1.414213562373095048801688724209698079F /* sqrt(2) */
+#define NPY_SQRT1_2f  0.707106781186547524400844362104849039F /* 1/sqrt(2) */
+
+#define NPY_El        2.718281828459045235360287471352662498L /* e */
+#define NPY_LOG2El    1.442695040888963407359924681001892137L /* log_2 e */
+#define NPY_LOG10El   0.434294481903251827651128918916605082L /* log_10 e */
+#define NPY_LOGE2l    0.693147180559945309417232121458176568L /* log_e 2 */
+#define NPY_LOGE10l   2.302585092994045684017991454684364208L /* log_e 10 */
+#define NPY_PIl       3.141592653589793238462643383279502884L /* pi */
+#define NPY_PI_2l     1.570796326794896619231321691639751442L /* pi/2 */
+#define NPY_PI_4l     0.785398163397448309615660845819875721L /* pi/4 */
+#define NPY_1_PIl     0.318309886183790671537767526745028724L /* 1/pi */
+#define NPY_2_PIl     0.636619772367581343075535053490057448L /* 2/pi */
+#define NPY_EULERl    0.577215664901532860606512090082402431L /* Euler constant */
+#define NPY_SQRT2l    1.414213562373095048801688724209698079L /* sqrt(2) */
+#define NPY_SQRT1_2l  0.707106781186547524400844362104849039L /* 1/sqrt(2) */
+
+/*
+ * Integer functions.
+ */
+NPY_INPLACE npy_uint npy_gcdu(npy_uint a, npy_uint b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_uint npy_lcmu(npy_uint a, npy_uint b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ulong npy_gcdul(npy_ulong a, npy_ulong b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ulong npy_lcmul(npy_ulong a, npy_ulong b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ulonglong npy_gcdull(npy_ulonglong a, npy_ulonglong b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ulonglong npy_lcmull(npy_ulonglong a, npy_ulonglong b);
+
+NPY_INPLACE npy_int npy_gcd(npy_int a, npy_int b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_int npy_lcm(npy_int a, npy_int b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_long npy_gcdl(npy_long a, npy_long b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_long npy_lcml(npy_long a, npy_long b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longlong npy_gcdll(npy_longlong a, npy_longlong b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longlong npy_lcmll(npy_longlong a, npy_longlong b);
+
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ubyte npy_rshiftuhh(npy_ubyte a, npy_ubyte b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ubyte npy_lshiftuhh(npy_ubyte a, npy_ubyte b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ushort npy_rshiftuh(npy_ushort a, npy_ushort b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ushort npy_lshiftuh(npy_ushort a, npy_ushort b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_uint npy_rshiftu(npy_uint a, npy_uint b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_uint npy_lshiftu(npy_uint a, npy_uint b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ulong npy_rshiftul(npy_ulong a, npy_ulong b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ulong npy_lshiftul(npy_ulong a, npy_ulong b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ulonglong npy_rshiftull(npy_ulonglong a, npy_ulonglong b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_ulonglong npy_lshiftull(npy_ulonglong a, npy_ulonglong b);
+
+NPY_INPLACE npy_byte npy_rshifthh(npy_byte a, npy_byte b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_byte npy_lshifthh(npy_byte a, npy_byte b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_short npy_rshifth(npy_short a, npy_short b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_short npy_lshifth(npy_short a, npy_short b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_int npy_rshift(npy_int a, npy_int b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_int npy_lshift(npy_int a, npy_int b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_long npy_rshiftl(npy_long a, npy_long b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_long npy_lshiftl(npy_long a, npy_long b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longlong npy_rshiftll(npy_longlong a, npy_longlong b);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longlong npy_lshiftll(npy_longlong a, npy_longlong b);
+
+NPY_INPLACE uint8_t npy_popcountuhh(npy_ubyte a);
+NPY_INPLACE uint8_t npy_popcountuh(npy_ushort a);
+NPY_INPLACE uint8_t npy_popcountu(npy_uint a);
+NPY_INPLACE uint8_t npy_popcountul(npy_ulong a);
+NPY_INPLACE uint8_t npy_popcountull(npy_ulonglong a);
+NPY_INPLACE uint8_t npy_popcounthh(npy_byte a);
+NPY_INPLACE uint8_t npy_popcounth(npy_short a);
+NPY_INPLACE uint8_t npy_popcount(npy_int a);
+NPY_INPLACE uint8_t npy_popcountl(npy_long a);
+NPY_INPLACE uint8_t npy_popcountll(npy_longlong a);
+
+/*
+ * C99 double math funcs that need fixups or are blocklist-able
+ */
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_sin(double x);
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_cos(double x);
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_tan(double x);
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_hypot(double x, double y);
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_log2(double x);
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_atan2(double x, double y);
+
+/* Mandatory C99 double math funcs, no blocklisting or fixups */
+/* defined for legacy reasons, should be deprecated at some point */
+#define npy_sinh sinh
+#define npy_cosh cosh
+#define npy_tanh tanh
+#define npy_asin asin
+#define npy_acos acos
+#define npy_atan atan
+#define npy_log log
+#define npy_log10 log10
+#define npy_cbrt cbrt
+#define npy_fabs fabs
+#define npy_ceil ceil
+#define npy_fmod fmod
+#define npy_floor floor
+#define npy_expm1 expm1
+#define npy_log1p log1p
+#define npy_acosh acosh
+#define npy_asinh asinh
+#define npy_atanh atanh
+#define npy_rint rint
+#define npy_trunc trunc
+#define npy_exp2 exp2
+#define npy_frexp frexp
+#define npy_ldexp ldexp
+#define npy_copysign copysign
+#define npy_exp exp
+#define npy_sqrt sqrt
+#define npy_pow pow
+#define npy_modf modf
+#define npy_nextafter nextafter
+
+double npy_spacing(double x);
+
+/*
+ * IEEE 754 fpu handling
+ */
+
+/* use builtins to avoid function calls in tight loops
+ * only available if npy_config.h is available (= numpys own build) */
+#ifdef HAVE___BUILTIN_ISNAN
+    #define npy_isnan(x) __builtin_isnan(x)
+#else
+    #define npy_isnan(x) isnan(x)
+#endif
+
+
+/* only available if npy_config.h is available (= numpys own build) */
+#ifdef HAVE___BUILTIN_ISFINITE
+    #define npy_isfinite(x) __builtin_isfinite(x)
+#else
+    #define npy_isfinite(x) isfinite((x))
+#endif
+
+/* only available if npy_config.h is available (= numpys own build) */
+#ifdef HAVE___BUILTIN_ISINF
+    #define npy_isinf(x) __builtin_isinf(x)
+#else
+    #define npy_isinf(x) isinf((x))
+#endif
+
+#define npy_signbit(x) signbit((x))
+
+/*
+ * float C99 math funcs that need fixups or are blocklist-able
+ */
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_sinf(float x);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_cosf(float x);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_tanf(float x);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_expf(float x);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_sqrtf(float x);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_hypotf(float x, float y);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_log2f(float x);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_atan2f(float x, float y);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_powf(float x, float y);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_modff(float x, float* y);
+
+/* Mandatory C99 float math funcs, no blocklisting or fixups */
+/* defined for legacy reasons, should be deprecated at some point */
+
+#define npy_sinhf sinhf
+#define npy_coshf coshf
+#define npy_tanhf tanhf
+#define npy_asinf asinf
+#define npy_acosf acosf
+#define npy_atanf atanf
+#define npy_logf logf
+#define npy_log10f log10f
+#define npy_cbrtf cbrtf
+#define npy_fabsf fabsf
+#define npy_ceilf ceilf
+#define npy_fmodf fmodf
+#define npy_floorf floorf
+#define npy_expm1f expm1f
+#define npy_log1pf log1pf
+#define npy_asinhf asinhf
+#define npy_acoshf acoshf
+#define npy_atanhf atanhf
+#define npy_rintf rintf
+#define npy_truncf truncf
+#define npy_exp2f exp2f
+#define npy_frexpf frexpf
+#define npy_ldexpf ldexpf
+#define npy_copysignf copysignf
+#define npy_nextafterf nextafterf
+
+float npy_spacingf(float x);
+
+/*
+ * long double C99 double math funcs that need fixups or are blocklist-able
+ */
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_sinl(npy_longdouble x);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_cosl(npy_longdouble x);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_tanl(npy_longdouble x);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_expl(npy_longdouble x);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_sqrtl(npy_longdouble x);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_hypotl(npy_longdouble x, npy_longdouble y);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_log2l(npy_longdouble x);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_atan2l(npy_longdouble x, npy_longdouble y);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_powl(npy_longdouble x, npy_longdouble y);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_modfl(npy_longdouble x, npy_longdouble* y);
+
+/* Mandatory C99 double math funcs, no blocklisting or fixups */
+/* defined for legacy reasons, should be deprecated at some point */
+#define npy_sinhl sinhl
+#define npy_coshl coshl
+#define npy_tanhl tanhl
+#define npy_fabsl fabsl
+#define npy_floorl floorl
+#define npy_ceill ceill
+#define npy_rintl rintl
+#define npy_truncl truncl
+#define npy_cbrtl cbrtl
+#define npy_log10l log10l
+#define npy_logl logl
+#define npy_expm1l expm1l
+#define npy_asinl asinl
+#define npy_acosl acosl
+#define npy_atanl atanl
+#define npy_asinhl asinhl
+#define npy_acoshl acoshl
+#define npy_atanhl atanhl
+#define npy_log1pl log1pl
+#define npy_exp2l exp2l
+#define npy_fmodl fmodl
+#define npy_frexpl frexpl
+#define npy_ldexpl ldexpl
+#define npy_copysignl copysignl
+#define npy_nextafterl nextafterl
+
+npy_longdouble npy_spacingl(npy_longdouble x);
+
+/*
+ * Non standard functions
+ */
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_deg2rad(double x);
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_rad2deg(double x);
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_logaddexp(double x, double y);
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_logaddexp2(double x, double y);
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_divmod(double x, double y, double *modulus);
+NPY_INPLACE double npy_heaviside(double x, double h0);
+
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_deg2radf(float x);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_rad2degf(float x);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_logaddexpf(float x, float y);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_logaddexp2f(float x, float y);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_divmodf(float x, float y, float *modulus);
+NPY_INPLACE float npy_heavisidef(float x, float h0);
+
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_deg2radl(npy_longdouble x);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_rad2degl(npy_longdouble x);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_logaddexpl(npy_longdouble x, npy_longdouble y);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_logaddexp2l(npy_longdouble x, npy_longdouble y);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_divmodl(npy_longdouble x, npy_longdouble y,
+                           npy_longdouble *modulus);
+NPY_INPLACE npy_longdouble npy_heavisidel(npy_longdouble x, npy_longdouble h0);
+
+#define npy_degrees npy_rad2deg
+#define npy_degreesf npy_rad2degf
+#define npy_degreesl npy_rad2degl
+
+#define npy_radians npy_deg2rad
+#define npy_radiansf npy_deg2radf
+#define npy_radiansl npy_deg2radl
+
+/*
+ * Complex declarations
+ */
+
+/*
+ * C99 specifies that complex numbers have the same representation as
+ * an array of two elements, where the first element is the real part
+ * and the second element is the imaginary part.
+ */
+#define __NPY_CPACK_IMP(x, y, type, ctype)   \
+    union {                                  \
+        ctype z;                             \
+        type a[2];                           \
+    } z1;                                    \
+                                             \
+    z1.a[0] = (x);                           \
+    z1.a[1] = (y);                           \
+                                             \
+    return z1.z;
+
+static inline npy_cdouble npy_cpack(double x, double y)
+{
+    __NPY_CPACK_IMP(x, y, double, npy_cdouble);
+}
+
+static inline npy_cfloat npy_cpackf(float x, float y)
+{
+    __NPY_CPACK_IMP(x, y, float, npy_cfloat);
+}
+
+static inline npy_clongdouble npy_cpackl(npy_longdouble x, npy_longdouble y)
+{
+    __NPY_CPACK_IMP(x, y, npy_longdouble, npy_clongdouble);
+}
+#undef __NPY_CPACK_IMP
+
+/*
+ * Same remark as above, but in the other direction: extract first/second
+ * member of complex number, assuming a C99-compatible representation
+ *
+ * Those are defineds as static inline, and such as a reasonable compiler would
+ * most likely compile this to one or two instructions (on CISC at least)
+ */
+#define __NPY_CEXTRACT_IMP(z, index, type, ctype)   \
+    union {                                         \
+        ctype z;                                    \
+        type a[2];                                  \
+    } __z_repr;                                     \
+    __z_repr.z = z;                                 \
+                                                    \
+    return __z_repr.a[index];
+
+static inline double npy_creal(npy_cdouble z)
+{
+    __NPY_CEXTRACT_IMP(z, 0, double, npy_cdouble);
+}
+
+static inline double npy_cimag(npy_cdouble z)
+{
+    __NPY_CEXTRACT_IMP(z, 1, double, npy_cdouble);
+}
+
+static inline float npy_crealf(npy_cfloat z)
+{
+    __NPY_CEXTRACT_IMP(z, 0, float, npy_cfloat);
+}
+
+static inline float npy_cimagf(npy_cfloat z)
+{
+    __NPY_CEXTRACT_IMP(z, 1, float, npy_cfloat);
+}
+
+static inline npy_longdouble npy_creall(npy_clongdouble z)
+{
+    __NPY_CEXTRACT_IMP(z, 0, npy_longdouble, npy_clongdouble);
+}
+
+static inline npy_longdouble npy_cimagl(npy_clongdouble z)
+{
+    __NPY_CEXTRACT_IMP(z, 1, npy_longdouble, npy_clongdouble);
+}
+#undef __NPY_CEXTRACT_IMP
+
+/*
+ * Double precision complex functions
+ */
+double npy_cabs(npy_cdouble z);
+double npy_carg(npy_cdouble z);
+
+npy_cdouble npy_cexp(npy_cdouble z);
+npy_cdouble npy_clog(npy_cdouble z);
+npy_cdouble npy_cpow(npy_cdouble x, npy_cdouble y);
+
+npy_cdouble npy_csqrt(npy_cdouble z);
+
+npy_cdouble npy_ccos(npy_cdouble z);
+npy_cdouble npy_csin(npy_cdouble z);
+npy_cdouble npy_ctan(npy_cdouble z);
+
+npy_cdouble npy_ccosh(npy_cdouble z);
+npy_cdouble npy_csinh(npy_cdouble z);
+npy_cdouble npy_ctanh(npy_cdouble z);
+
+npy_cdouble npy_cacos(npy_cdouble z);
+npy_cdouble npy_casin(npy_cdouble z);
+npy_cdouble npy_catan(npy_cdouble z);
+
+npy_cdouble npy_cacosh(npy_cdouble z);
+npy_cdouble npy_casinh(npy_cdouble z);
+npy_cdouble npy_catanh(npy_cdouble z);
+
+/*
+ * Single precision complex functions
+ */
+float npy_cabsf(npy_cfloat z);
+float npy_cargf(npy_cfloat z);
+
+npy_cfloat npy_cexpf(npy_cfloat z);
+npy_cfloat npy_clogf(npy_cfloat z);
+npy_cfloat npy_cpowf(npy_cfloat x, npy_cfloat y);
+
+npy_cfloat npy_csqrtf(npy_cfloat z);
+
+npy_cfloat npy_ccosf(npy_cfloat z);
+npy_cfloat npy_csinf(npy_cfloat z);
+npy_cfloat npy_ctanf(npy_cfloat z);
+
+npy_cfloat npy_ccoshf(npy_cfloat z);
+npy_cfloat npy_csinhf(npy_cfloat z);
+npy_cfloat npy_ctanhf(npy_cfloat z);
+
+npy_cfloat npy_cacosf(npy_cfloat z);
+npy_cfloat npy_casinf(npy_cfloat z);
+npy_cfloat npy_catanf(npy_cfloat z);
+
+npy_cfloat npy_cacoshf(npy_cfloat z);
+npy_cfloat npy_casinhf(npy_cfloat z);
+npy_cfloat npy_catanhf(npy_cfloat z);
+
+
+/*
+ * Extended precision complex functions
+ */
+npy_longdouble npy_cabsl(npy_clongdouble z);
+npy_longdouble npy_cargl(npy_clongdouble z);
+
+npy_clongdouble npy_cexpl(npy_clongdouble z);
+npy_clongdouble npy_clogl(npy_clongdouble z);
+npy_clongdouble npy_cpowl(npy_clongdouble x, npy_clongdouble y);
+
+npy_clongdouble npy_csqrtl(npy_clongdouble z);
+
+npy_clongdouble npy_ccosl(npy_clongdouble z);
+npy_clongdouble npy_csinl(npy_clongdouble z);
+npy_clongdouble npy_ctanl(npy_clongdouble z);
+
+npy_clongdouble npy_ccoshl(npy_clongdouble z);
+npy_clongdouble npy_csinhl(npy_clongdouble z);
+npy_clongdouble npy_ctanhl(npy_clongdouble z);
+
+npy_clongdouble npy_cacosl(npy_clongdouble z);
+npy_clongdouble npy_casinl(npy_clongdouble z);
+npy_clongdouble npy_catanl(npy_clongdouble z);
+
+npy_clongdouble npy_cacoshl(npy_clongdouble z);
+npy_clongdouble npy_casinhl(npy_clongdouble z);
+npy_clongdouble npy_catanhl(npy_clongdouble z);
+
+
+/*
+ * Functions that set the floating point error
+ * status word.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * platform-dependent code translates floating point
+ * status to an integer sum of these values
+ */
+#define NPY_FPE_DIVIDEBYZERO  1
+#define NPY_FPE_OVERFLOW      2
+#define NPY_FPE_UNDERFLOW     4
+#define NPY_FPE_INVALID       8
+
+int npy_clear_floatstatus_barrier(char*);
+int npy_get_floatstatus_barrier(char*);
+/*
+ * use caution with these - clang and gcc8.1 are known to reorder calls
+ * to this form of the function which can defeat the check. The _barrier
+ * form of the call is preferable, where the argument is
+ * (char*)&local_variable
+ */
+int npy_clear_floatstatus(void);
+int npy_get_floatstatus(void);
+
+void npy_set_floatstatus_divbyzero(void);
+void npy_set_floatstatus_overflow(void);
+void npy_set_floatstatus_underflow(void);
+void npy_set_floatstatus_invalid(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#if NPY_INLINE_MATH
+#include "npy_math_internal.h"
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_MATH_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_no_deprecated_api.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_no_deprecated_api.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39658c0bd2d61aacd25f75439e81ea16c3e33db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_no_deprecated_api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * This include file is provided for inclusion in Cython *.pyd files where
+ * one would like to define the NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API macro. It can be
+ * included by
+ *
+ * cdef extern from "npy_no_deprecated_api.h": pass
+ *
+ */
+#ifndef NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API
+
+/* put this check here since there may be multiple includes in C extensions. */
+#if defined(NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NDARRAYTYPES_H_) || \
+    defined(NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_DEPRECATED_API_H) || \
+    defined(NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_OLD_DEFINES_H_)
+#error "npy_no_deprecated_api.h" must be first among numpy includes.
+#else
+#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_API_VERSION
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_os.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_os.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ce5d78b42c0e53c660654e297446d7811901aa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/npy_os.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_OS_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_OS_H_
+
+#if defined(linux) || defined(__linux) || defined(__linux__)
+    #define NPY_OS_LINUX
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || \
+            defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
+    #define NPY_OS_BSD
+    #ifdef __FreeBSD__
+        #define NPY_OS_FREEBSD
+    #elif defined(__NetBSD__)
+        #define NPY_OS_NETBSD
+    #elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
+        #define NPY_OS_OPENBSD
+    #elif defined(__DragonFly__)
+        #define NPY_OS_DRAGONFLY
+    #endif
+#elif defined(sun) || defined(__sun)
+    #define NPY_OS_SOLARIS
+#elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
+    #define NPY_OS_CYGWIN
+/* We are on Windows.*/
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+  /* We are using MinGW (64-bit or 32-bit)*/
+  #if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+    #define NPY_OS_MINGW
+  /* Otherwise, if _WIN64 is defined, we are targeting 64-bit Windows*/
+  #elif defined(_WIN64)
+    #define NPY_OS_WIN64
+  /* Otherwise assume we are targeting 32-bit Windows*/
+  #else
+    #define NPY_OS_WIN32
+  #endif
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+    #define NPY_OS_DARWIN
+#elif defined(__HAIKU__)
+    #define NPY_OS_HAIKU
+#else
+    #define NPY_OS_UNKNOWN
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_OS_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/numpyconfig.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/numpyconfig.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c25aa5fc4d1b2a9e0bbc71ab182744a5cf669c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/numpyconfig.h
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_NUMPYCONFIG_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_NUMPYCONFIG_H_
+
+#include "_numpyconfig.h"
+
+/*
+ * On Mac OS X, because there is only one configuration stage for all the archs
+ * in universal builds, any macro which depends on the arch needs to be
+ * hardcoded.
+ *
+ * Note that distutils/pip will attempt a universal2 build when Python itself
+ * is built as universal2, hence this hardcoding is needed even if we do not
+ * support universal2 wheels anymore (see gh-22796).
+ * This code block can be removed after we have dropped the setup.py based
+ * build completely.
+ */
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    #undef NPY_SIZEOF_LONG
+    #undef NPY_SIZEOF_PY_INTPTR_T
+
+    #ifdef __LP64__
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_LONG         8
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_PY_INTPTR_T  8
+    #else
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_LONG         4
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_PY_INTPTR_T  4
+    #endif
+
+    #undef NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE
+    #undef NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_LONGDOUBLE
+    #ifdef HAVE_LDOUBLE_IEEE_DOUBLE_LE
+      #undef HAVE_LDOUBLE_IEEE_DOUBLE_LE
+    #endif
+    #ifdef HAVE_LDOUBLE_INTEL_EXTENDED_16_BYTES_LE
+      #undef HAVE_LDOUBLE_INTEL_EXTENDED_16_BYTES_LE
+    #endif
+
+    #if defined(__arm64__)
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE         8
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_LONGDOUBLE 16
+        #define HAVE_LDOUBLE_IEEE_DOUBLE_LE 1
+    #elif defined(__x86_64)
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE         16
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_LONGDOUBLE 32
+        #define HAVE_LDOUBLE_INTEL_EXTENDED_16_BYTES_LE 1
+    #elif defined (__i386)
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE         12
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_LONGDOUBLE 24
+    #elif defined(__ppc__) || defined (__ppc64__)
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_LONGDOUBLE         16
+        #define NPY_SIZEOF_COMPLEX_LONGDOUBLE 32
+    #else
+        #error "unknown architecture"
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+
+/**
+ * To help with both NPY_TARGET_VERSION and the NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API macro,
+ * we include API version numbers for specific versions of NumPy.
+ * To exclude all API that was deprecated as of 1.7, add the following before
+ * #including any NumPy headers:
+ *   #define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API  NPY_1_7_API_VERSION
+ * The same is true for NPY_TARGET_VERSION, although NumPy will default to
+ * a backwards compatible build anyway.
+ */
+#define NPY_1_7_API_VERSION 0x00000007
+#define NPY_1_8_API_VERSION 0x00000008
+#define NPY_1_9_API_VERSION 0x00000009
+#define NPY_1_10_API_VERSION 0x0000000a
+#define NPY_1_11_API_VERSION 0x0000000a
+#define NPY_1_12_API_VERSION 0x0000000a
+#define NPY_1_13_API_VERSION 0x0000000b
+#define NPY_1_14_API_VERSION 0x0000000c
+#define NPY_1_15_API_VERSION 0x0000000c
+#define NPY_1_16_API_VERSION 0x0000000d
+#define NPY_1_17_API_VERSION 0x0000000d
+#define NPY_1_18_API_VERSION 0x0000000d
+#define NPY_1_19_API_VERSION 0x0000000d
+#define NPY_1_20_API_VERSION 0x0000000e
+#define NPY_1_21_API_VERSION 0x0000000e
+#define NPY_1_22_API_VERSION 0x0000000f
+#define NPY_1_23_API_VERSION 0x00000010
+#define NPY_1_24_API_VERSION 0x00000010
+#define NPY_1_25_API_VERSION 0x00000011
+
+
+/*
+ * Binary compatibility version number.  This number is increased
+ * whenever the C-API is changed such that binary compatibility is
+ * broken, i.e. whenever a recompile of extension modules is needed.
+ */
+#define NPY_VERSION NPY_ABI_VERSION
+
+/*
+ * Minor API version we are compiling to be compatible with.  The version
+ * Number is always increased when the API changes via: `NPY_API_VERSION`
+ * (and should maybe just track the NumPy version).
+ *
+ * If we have an internal build, we always target the current version of
+ * course.
+ *
+ * For downstream users, we default to an older version to provide them with
+ * maximum compatibility by default.  Downstream can choose to extend that
+ * default, or narrow it down if they wish to use newer API.  If you adjust
+ * this, consider the Python version support (example for 1.25.x):
+ *
+ * NumPy 1.25.x supports Python:                     3.9  3.10  3.11  (3.12)
+ * NumPy 1.19.x supports Python:      3.6  3.7  3.8  3.9
+ * NumPy 1.17.x supports Python: 3.5  3.6  3.7  3.8
+ * NumPy 1.15.x supports Python: ...  3.6  3.7
+ *
+ * Users of the stable ABI may wish to target the last Python that is not
+ * end of life.  This would be 3.8 at NumPy 1.25 release time.
+ * 1.17 as default was the choice of oldest-support-numpy at the time and
+ * has in practice no limit (comapared to 1.19).  Even earlier becomes legacy.
+ */
+#if defined(NPY_INTERNAL_BUILD) && NPY_INTERNAL_BUILD
+    /* NumPy internal build, always use current version. */
+    #define NPY_FEATURE_VERSION NPY_API_VERSION
+#elif defined(NPY_TARGET_VERSION) && NPY_TARGET_VERSION
+    /* user provided a target version, use it */
+    #define NPY_FEATURE_VERSION NPY_TARGET_VERSION
+#else
+    /* Use the default (increase when dropping Python 3.9 support) */
+    #define NPY_FEATURE_VERSION NPY_1_19_API_VERSION
+#endif
+
+/* Sanity check the (requested) feature version */
+#if NPY_FEATURE_VERSION > NPY_API_VERSION
+    #error "NPY_TARGET_VERSION higher than NumPy headers!"
+#elif NPY_FEATURE_VERSION < NPY_1_15_API_VERSION
+    /* No support for irrelevant old targets, no need for error, but warn. */
+    #warning "Requested NumPy target lower than supported NumPy 1.15."
+#endif
+
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_NPY_NUMPYCONFIG_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/old_defines.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/old_defines.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3fa677512c4680500b9eedf4e2ea0d29ad39928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/old_defines.h
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/* This header is deprecated as of NumPy 1.7 */
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_OLD_DEFINES_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_OLD_DEFINES_H_
+
+#if defined(NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API) && NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API >= NPY_1_7_API_VERSION
+#error The header "old_defines.h" is deprecated as of NumPy 1.7.
+#endif
+
+#define NDARRAY_VERSION NPY_VERSION
+
+#define PyArray_MIN_BUFSIZE NPY_MIN_BUFSIZE
+#define PyArray_MAX_BUFSIZE NPY_MAX_BUFSIZE
+#define PyArray_BUFSIZE NPY_BUFSIZE
+
+#define PyArray_PRIORITY NPY_PRIORITY
+#define PyArray_SUBTYPE_PRIORITY NPY_PRIORITY
+#define PyArray_NUM_FLOATTYPE NPY_NUM_FLOATTYPE
+
+#define NPY_MAX PyArray_MAX
+#define NPY_MIN PyArray_MIN
+
+#define PyArray_TYPES       NPY_TYPES
+#define PyArray_BOOL        NPY_BOOL
+#define PyArray_BYTE        NPY_BYTE
+#define PyArray_UBYTE       NPY_UBYTE
+#define PyArray_SHORT       NPY_SHORT
+#define PyArray_USHORT      NPY_USHORT
+#define PyArray_INT         NPY_INT
+#define PyArray_UINT        NPY_UINT
+#define PyArray_LONG        NPY_LONG
+#define PyArray_ULONG       NPY_ULONG
+#define PyArray_LONGLONG    NPY_LONGLONG
+#define PyArray_ULONGLONG   NPY_ULONGLONG
+#define PyArray_HALF        NPY_HALF
+#define PyArray_FLOAT       NPY_FLOAT
+#define PyArray_DOUBLE      NPY_DOUBLE
+#define PyArray_LONGDOUBLE  NPY_LONGDOUBLE
+#define PyArray_CFLOAT      NPY_CFLOAT
+#define PyArray_CDOUBLE     NPY_CDOUBLE
+#define PyArray_CLONGDOUBLE NPY_CLONGDOUBLE
+#define PyArray_OBJECT      NPY_OBJECT
+#define PyArray_STRING      NPY_STRING
+#define PyArray_UNICODE     NPY_UNICODE
+#define PyArray_VOID        NPY_VOID
+#define PyArray_DATETIME    NPY_DATETIME
+#define PyArray_TIMEDELTA   NPY_TIMEDELTA
+#define PyArray_NTYPES      NPY_NTYPES
+#define PyArray_NOTYPE      NPY_NOTYPE
+#define PyArray_CHAR        NPY_CHAR
+#define PyArray_USERDEF     NPY_USERDEF
+#define PyArray_NUMUSERTYPES NPY_NUMUSERTYPES
+
+#define PyArray_INTP        NPY_INTP
+#define PyArray_UINTP       NPY_UINTP
+
+#define PyArray_INT8    NPY_INT8
+#define PyArray_UINT8   NPY_UINT8
+#define PyArray_INT16   NPY_INT16
+#define PyArray_UINT16  NPY_UINT16
+#define PyArray_INT32   NPY_INT32
+#define PyArray_UINT32  NPY_UINT32
+
+#ifdef NPY_INT64
+#define PyArray_INT64   NPY_INT64
+#define PyArray_UINT64  NPY_UINT64
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NPY_INT128
+#define PyArray_INT128 NPY_INT128
+#define PyArray_UINT128 NPY_UINT128
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NPY_FLOAT16
+#define PyArray_FLOAT16  NPY_FLOAT16
+#define PyArray_COMPLEX32  NPY_COMPLEX32
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NPY_FLOAT80
+#define PyArray_FLOAT80  NPY_FLOAT80
+#define PyArray_COMPLEX160  NPY_COMPLEX160
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NPY_FLOAT96
+#define PyArray_FLOAT96  NPY_FLOAT96
+#define PyArray_COMPLEX192  NPY_COMPLEX192
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NPY_FLOAT128
+#define PyArray_FLOAT128  NPY_FLOAT128
+#define PyArray_COMPLEX256  NPY_COMPLEX256
+#endif
+
+#define PyArray_FLOAT32    NPY_FLOAT32
+#define PyArray_COMPLEX64  NPY_COMPLEX64
+#define PyArray_FLOAT64    NPY_FLOAT64
+#define PyArray_COMPLEX128 NPY_COMPLEX128
+
+
+#define PyArray_TYPECHAR        NPY_TYPECHAR
+#define PyArray_BOOLLTR         NPY_BOOLLTR
+#define PyArray_BYTELTR         NPY_BYTELTR
+#define PyArray_UBYTELTR        NPY_UBYTELTR
+#define PyArray_SHORTLTR        NPY_SHORTLTR
+#define PyArray_USHORTLTR       NPY_USHORTLTR
+#define PyArray_INTLTR          NPY_INTLTR
+#define PyArray_UINTLTR         NPY_UINTLTR
+#define PyArray_LONGLTR         NPY_LONGLTR
+#define PyArray_ULONGLTR        NPY_ULONGLTR
+#define PyArray_LONGLONGLTR     NPY_LONGLONGLTR
+#define PyArray_ULONGLONGLTR    NPY_ULONGLONGLTR
+#define PyArray_HALFLTR         NPY_HALFLTR
+#define PyArray_FLOATLTR        NPY_FLOATLTR
+#define PyArray_DOUBLELTR       NPY_DOUBLELTR
+#define PyArray_LONGDOUBLELTR   NPY_LONGDOUBLELTR
+#define PyArray_CFLOATLTR       NPY_CFLOATLTR
+#define PyArray_CDOUBLELTR      NPY_CDOUBLELTR
+#define PyArray_CLONGDOUBLELTR  NPY_CLONGDOUBLELTR
+#define PyArray_OBJECTLTR       NPY_OBJECTLTR
+#define PyArray_STRINGLTR       NPY_STRINGLTR
+#define PyArray_STRINGLTR2      NPY_STRINGLTR2
+#define PyArray_UNICODELTR      NPY_UNICODELTR
+#define PyArray_VOIDLTR         NPY_VOIDLTR
+#define PyArray_DATETIMELTR     NPY_DATETIMELTR
+#define PyArray_TIMEDELTALTR    NPY_TIMEDELTALTR
+#define PyArray_CHARLTR         NPY_CHARLTR
+#define PyArray_INTPLTR         NPY_INTPLTR
+#define PyArray_UINTPLTR        NPY_UINTPLTR
+#define PyArray_GENBOOLLTR      NPY_GENBOOLLTR
+#define PyArray_SIGNEDLTR       NPY_SIGNEDLTR
+#define PyArray_UNSIGNEDLTR     NPY_UNSIGNEDLTR
+#define PyArray_FLOATINGLTR     NPY_FLOATINGLTR
+#define PyArray_COMPLEXLTR      NPY_COMPLEXLTR
+
+#define PyArray_QUICKSORT   NPY_QUICKSORT
+#define PyArray_HEAPSORT    NPY_HEAPSORT
+#define PyArray_MERGESORT   NPY_MERGESORT
+#define PyArray_SORTKIND    NPY_SORTKIND
+#define PyArray_NSORTS      NPY_NSORTS
+
+#define PyArray_NOSCALAR       NPY_NOSCALAR
+#define PyArray_BOOL_SCALAR    NPY_BOOL_SCALAR
+#define PyArray_INTPOS_SCALAR  NPY_INTPOS_SCALAR
+#define PyArray_INTNEG_SCALAR  NPY_INTNEG_SCALAR
+#define PyArray_FLOAT_SCALAR   NPY_FLOAT_SCALAR
+#define PyArray_COMPLEX_SCALAR NPY_COMPLEX_SCALAR
+#define PyArray_OBJECT_SCALAR  NPY_OBJECT_SCALAR
+#define PyArray_SCALARKIND     NPY_SCALARKIND
+#define PyArray_NSCALARKINDS   NPY_NSCALARKINDS
+
+#define PyArray_ANYORDER     NPY_ANYORDER
+#define PyArray_CORDER       NPY_CORDER
+#define PyArray_FORTRANORDER NPY_FORTRANORDER
+#define PyArray_ORDER        NPY_ORDER
+
+#define PyDescr_ISBOOL      PyDataType_ISBOOL
+#define PyDescr_ISUNSIGNED  PyDataType_ISUNSIGNED
+#define PyDescr_ISSIGNED    PyDataType_ISSIGNED
+#define PyDescr_ISINTEGER   PyDataType_ISINTEGER
+#define PyDescr_ISFLOAT     PyDataType_ISFLOAT
+#define PyDescr_ISNUMBER    PyDataType_ISNUMBER
+#define PyDescr_ISSTRING    PyDataType_ISSTRING
+#define PyDescr_ISCOMPLEX   PyDataType_ISCOMPLEX
+#define PyDescr_ISPYTHON    PyDataType_ISPYTHON
+#define PyDescr_ISFLEXIBLE  PyDataType_ISFLEXIBLE
+#define PyDescr_ISUSERDEF   PyDataType_ISUSERDEF
+#define PyDescr_ISEXTENDED  PyDataType_ISEXTENDED
+#define PyDescr_ISOBJECT    PyDataType_ISOBJECT
+#define PyDescr_HASFIELDS   PyDataType_HASFIELDS
+
+#define PyArray_LITTLE NPY_LITTLE
+#define PyArray_BIG NPY_BIG
+#define PyArray_NATIVE NPY_NATIVE
+#define PyArray_SWAP NPY_SWAP
+#define PyArray_IGNORE NPY_IGNORE
+
+#define PyArray_NATBYTE NPY_NATBYTE
+#define PyArray_OPPBYTE NPY_OPPBYTE
+
+#define PyArray_MAX_ELSIZE NPY_MAX_ELSIZE
+
+#define PyArray_USE_PYMEM NPY_USE_PYMEM
+
+#define PyArray_RemoveLargest PyArray_RemoveSmallest
+
+#define PyArray_UCS4 npy_ucs4
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_OLD_DEFINES_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/random/bitgen.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/random/bitgen.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..162dd5c5753079eb1d76efa7fc8a3847c2ad6602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/random/bitgen.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_RANDOM_BITGEN_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_RANDOM_BITGEN_H_
+
+#pragma once
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+/* Must match the declaration in numpy/random/.pxd */
+
+typedef struct bitgen {
+  void *state;
+  uint64_t (*next_uint64)(void *st);
+  uint32_t (*next_uint32)(void *st);
+  double (*next_double)(void *st);
+  uint64_t (*next_raw)(void *st);
+} bitgen_t;
+
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_RANDOM_BITGEN_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/random/distributions.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/random/distributions.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7fa4bd00d43430eb1da23bd577688d8733bb6e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/random/distributions.h
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_RANDOM_DISTRIBUTIONS_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_RANDOM_DISTRIBUTIONS_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include 
+#include "numpy/npy_common.h"
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "numpy/npy_math.h"
+#include "numpy/random/bitgen.h"
+
+/*
+ * RAND_INT_TYPE is used to share integer generators with RandomState which
+ * used long in place of int64_t. If changing a distribution that uses
+ * RAND_INT_TYPE, then the original unmodified copy must be retained for
+ * use in RandomState by copying to the legacy distributions source file.
+ */
+#ifdef NP_RANDOM_LEGACY
+#define RAND_INT_TYPE long
+#define RAND_INT_MAX LONG_MAX
+#else
+#define RAND_INT_TYPE int64_t
+#define RAND_INT_MAX INT64_MAX
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define DECLDIR __declspec(dllexport)
+#else
+#define DECLDIR extern
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MIN
+#define MIN(x, y) (((x) < (y)) ? x : y)
+#define MAX(x, y) (((x) > (y)) ? x : y)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef M_PI
+#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846264338328
+#endif
+
+typedef struct s_binomial_t {
+  int has_binomial; /* !=0: following parameters initialized for binomial */
+  double psave;
+  RAND_INT_TYPE nsave;
+  double r;
+  double q;
+  double fm;
+  RAND_INT_TYPE m;
+  double p1;
+  double xm;
+  double xl;
+  double xr;
+  double c;
+  double laml;
+  double lamr;
+  double p2;
+  double p3;
+  double p4;
+} binomial_t;
+
+DECLDIR float random_standard_uniform_f(bitgen_t *bitgen_state);
+DECLDIR double random_standard_uniform(bitgen_t *bitgen_state);
+DECLDIR void random_standard_uniform_fill(bitgen_t *, npy_intp, double *);
+DECLDIR void random_standard_uniform_fill_f(bitgen_t *, npy_intp, float *);
+
+DECLDIR int64_t random_positive_int64(bitgen_t *bitgen_state);
+DECLDIR int32_t random_positive_int32(bitgen_t *bitgen_state);
+DECLDIR int64_t random_positive_int(bitgen_t *bitgen_state);
+DECLDIR uint64_t random_uint(bitgen_t *bitgen_state);
+
+DECLDIR double random_standard_exponential(bitgen_t *bitgen_state);
+DECLDIR float random_standard_exponential_f(bitgen_t *bitgen_state);
+DECLDIR void random_standard_exponential_fill(bitgen_t *, npy_intp, double *);
+DECLDIR void random_standard_exponential_fill_f(bitgen_t *, npy_intp, float *);
+DECLDIR void random_standard_exponential_inv_fill(bitgen_t *, npy_intp, double *);
+DECLDIR void random_standard_exponential_inv_fill_f(bitgen_t *, npy_intp, float *);
+
+DECLDIR double random_standard_normal(bitgen_t *bitgen_state);
+DECLDIR float random_standard_normal_f(bitgen_t *bitgen_state);
+DECLDIR void random_standard_normal_fill(bitgen_t *, npy_intp, double *);
+DECLDIR void random_standard_normal_fill_f(bitgen_t *, npy_intp, float *);
+DECLDIR double random_standard_gamma(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double shape);
+DECLDIR float random_standard_gamma_f(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, float shape);
+
+DECLDIR double random_normal(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double loc, double scale);
+
+DECLDIR double random_gamma(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double shape, double scale);
+DECLDIR float random_gamma_f(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, float shape, float scale);
+
+DECLDIR double random_exponential(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double scale);
+DECLDIR double random_uniform(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double lower, double range);
+DECLDIR double random_beta(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double a, double b);
+DECLDIR double random_chisquare(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double df);
+DECLDIR double random_f(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double dfnum, double dfden);
+DECLDIR double random_standard_cauchy(bitgen_t *bitgen_state);
+DECLDIR double random_pareto(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double a);
+DECLDIR double random_weibull(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double a);
+DECLDIR double random_power(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double a);
+DECLDIR double random_laplace(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double loc, double scale);
+DECLDIR double random_gumbel(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double loc, double scale);
+DECLDIR double random_logistic(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double loc, double scale);
+DECLDIR double random_lognormal(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double mean, double sigma);
+DECLDIR double random_rayleigh(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double mode);
+DECLDIR double random_standard_t(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double df);
+DECLDIR double random_noncentral_chisquare(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double df,
+                                           double nonc);
+DECLDIR double random_noncentral_f(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double dfnum,
+                                   double dfden, double nonc);
+DECLDIR double random_wald(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double mean, double scale);
+DECLDIR double random_vonmises(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double mu, double kappa);
+DECLDIR double random_triangular(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double left, double mode,
+                                 double right);
+
+DECLDIR RAND_INT_TYPE random_poisson(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double lam);
+DECLDIR RAND_INT_TYPE random_negative_binomial(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double n,
+                                 double p);
+
+DECLDIR int64_t random_binomial(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double p,
+                                int64_t n, binomial_t *binomial);
+
+DECLDIR int64_t random_logseries(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double p);
+DECLDIR int64_t random_geometric(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double p);
+DECLDIR RAND_INT_TYPE random_geometric_search(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double p);
+DECLDIR RAND_INT_TYPE random_zipf(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, double a);
+DECLDIR int64_t random_hypergeometric(bitgen_t *bitgen_state,
+                                      int64_t good, int64_t bad, int64_t sample);
+DECLDIR uint64_t random_interval(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, uint64_t max);
+
+/* Generate random uint64 numbers in closed interval [off, off + rng]. */
+DECLDIR uint64_t random_bounded_uint64(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, uint64_t off,
+                                       uint64_t rng, uint64_t mask,
+                                       bool use_masked);
+
+/* Generate random uint32 numbers in closed interval [off, off + rng]. */
+DECLDIR uint32_t random_buffered_bounded_uint32(bitgen_t *bitgen_state,
+                                                uint32_t off, uint32_t rng,
+                                                uint32_t mask, bool use_masked,
+                                                int *bcnt, uint32_t *buf);
+DECLDIR uint16_t random_buffered_bounded_uint16(bitgen_t *bitgen_state,
+                                                uint16_t off, uint16_t rng,
+                                                uint16_t mask, bool use_masked,
+                                                int *bcnt, uint32_t *buf);
+DECLDIR uint8_t random_buffered_bounded_uint8(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, uint8_t off,
+                                              uint8_t rng, uint8_t mask,
+                                              bool use_masked, int *bcnt,
+                                              uint32_t *buf);
+DECLDIR npy_bool random_buffered_bounded_bool(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, npy_bool off,
+                                              npy_bool rng, npy_bool mask,
+                                              bool use_masked, int *bcnt,
+                                              uint32_t *buf);
+
+DECLDIR void random_bounded_uint64_fill(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, uint64_t off,
+                                        uint64_t rng, npy_intp cnt,
+                                        bool use_masked, uint64_t *out);
+DECLDIR void random_bounded_uint32_fill(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, uint32_t off,
+                                        uint32_t rng, npy_intp cnt,
+                                        bool use_masked, uint32_t *out);
+DECLDIR void random_bounded_uint16_fill(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, uint16_t off,
+                                        uint16_t rng, npy_intp cnt,
+                                        bool use_masked, uint16_t *out);
+DECLDIR void random_bounded_uint8_fill(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, uint8_t off,
+                                       uint8_t rng, npy_intp cnt,
+                                       bool use_masked, uint8_t *out);
+DECLDIR void random_bounded_bool_fill(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, npy_bool off,
+                                      npy_bool rng, npy_intp cnt,
+                                      bool use_masked, npy_bool *out);
+
+DECLDIR void random_multinomial(bitgen_t *bitgen_state, RAND_INT_TYPE n, RAND_INT_TYPE *mnix,
+                                double *pix, npy_intp d, binomial_t *binomial);
+
+/* multivariate hypergeometric, "count" method */
+DECLDIR int random_multivariate_hypergeometric_count(bitgen_t *bitgen_state,
+                              int64_t total,
+                              size_t num_colors, int64_t *colors,
+                              int64_t nsample,
+                              size_t num_variates, int64_t *variates);
+
+/* multivariate hypergeometric, "marginals" method */
+DECLDIR void random_multivariate_hypergeometric_marginals(bitgen_t *bitgen_state,
+                                   int64_t total,
+                                   size_t num_colors, int64_t *colors,
+                                   int64_t nsample,
+                                   size_t num_variates, int64_t *variates);
+
+/* Common to legacy-distributions.c and distributions.c but not exported */
+
+RAND_INT_TYPE random_binomial_btpe(bitgen_t *bitgen_state,
+                                   RAND_INT_TYPE n,
+                                   double p,
+                                   binomial_t *binomial);
+RAND_INT_TYPE random_binomial_inversion(bitgen_t *bitgen_state,
+                                        RAND_INT_TYPE n,
+                                        double p,
+                                        binomial_t *binomial);
+double random_loggam(double x);
+static inline double next_double(bitgen_t *bitgen_state) {
+    return bitgen_state->next_double(bitgen_state->state);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_RANDOM_DISTRIBUTIONS_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ufuncobject.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ufuncobject.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e00f2e56d2521c362ebcbaeec0ef1a2f329ee0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/ufuncobject.h
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_UFUNCOBJECT_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_UFUNCOBJECT_H_
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * The legacy generic inner loop for a standard element-wise or
+ * generalized ufunc.
+ */
+typedef void (*PyUFuncGenericFunction)
+            (char **args,
+             npy_intp const *dimensions,
+             npy_intp const *strides,
+             void *innerloopdata);
+
+/*
+ * The most generic one-dimensional inner loop for
+ * a masked standard element-wise ufunc. "Masked" here means that it skips
+ * doing calculations on any items for which the maskptr array has a true
+ * value.
+ */
+typedef void (PyUFunc_MaskedStridedInnerLoopFunc)(
+                char **dataptrs, npy_intp *strides,
+                char *maskptr, npy_intp mask_stride,
+                npy_intp count,
+                NpyAuxData *innerloopdata);
+
+/* Forward declaration for the type resolver and loop selector typedefs */
+struct _tagPyUFuncObject;
+
+/*
+ * Given the operands for calling a ufunc, should determine the
+ * calculation input and output data types and return an inner loop function.
+ * This function should validate that the casting rule is being followed,
+ * and fail if it is not.
+ *
+ * For backwards compatibility, the regular type resolution function does not
+ * support auxiliary data with object semantics. The type resolution call
+ * which returns a masked generic function returns a standard NpyAuxData
+ * object, for which the NPY_AUXDATA_FREE and NPY_AUXDATA_CLONE macros
+ * work.
+ *
+ * ufunc:             The ufunc object.
+ * casting:           The 'casting' parameter provided to the ufunc.
+ * operands:          An array of length (ufunc->nin + ufunc->nout),
+ *                    with the output parameters possibly NULL.
+ * type_tup:          Either NULL, or the type_tup passed to the ufunc.
+ * out_dtypes:        An array which should be populated with new
+ *                    references to (ufunc->nin + ufunc->nout) new
+ *                    dtypes, one for each input and output. These
+ *                    dtypes should all be in native-endian format.
+ *
+ * Should return 0 on success, -1 on failure (with exception set),
+ * or -2 if Py_NotImplemented should be returned.
+ */
+typedef int (PyUFunc_TypeResolutionFunc)(
+                                struct _tagPyUFuncObject *ufunc,
+                                NPY_CASTING casting,
+                                PyArrayObject **operands,
+                                PyObject *type_tup,
+                                PyArray_Descr **out_dtypes);
+
+/*
+ * Legacy loop selector. (This should NOT normally be used and we can expect
+ * that only the `PyUFunc_DefaultLegacyInnerLoopSelector` is ever set).
+ * However, unlike the masked version, it probably still works.
+ *
+ * ufunc:             The ufunc object.
+ * dtypes:            An array which has been populated with dtypes,
+ *                    in most cases by the type resolution function
+ *                    for the same ufunc.
+ * out_innerloop:     Should be populated with the correct ufunc inner
+ *                    loop for the given type.
+ * out_innerloopdata: Should be populated with the void* data to
+ *                    be passed into the out_innerloop function.
+ * out_needs_api:     If the inner loop needs to use the Python API,
+ *                    should set the to 1, otherwise should leave
+ *                    this untouched.
+ */
+typedef int (PyUFunc_LegacyInnerLoopSelectionFunc)(
+                            struct _tagPyUFuncObject *ufunc,
+                            PyArray_Descr **dtypes,
+                            PyUFuncGenericFunction *out_innerloop,
+                            void **out_innerloopdata,
+                            int *out_needs_api);
+
+
+typedef struct _tagPyUFuncObject {
+        PyObject_HEAD
+        /*
+         * nin: Number of inputs
+         * nout: Number of outputs
+         * nargs: Always nin + nout (Why is it stored?)
+         */
+        int nin, nout, nargs;
+
+        /*
+         * Identity for reduction, any of PyUFunc_One, PyUFunc_Zero
+         * PyUFunc_MinusOne, PyUFunc_None, PyUFunc_ReorderableNone,
+         * PyUFunc_IdentityValue.
+         */
+        int identity;
+
+        /* Array of one-dimensional core loops */
+        PyUFuncGenericFunction *functions;
+        /* Array of funcdata that gets passed into the functions */
+        void **data;
+        /* The number of elements in 'functions' and 'data' */
+        int ntypes;
+
+        /* Used to be unused field 'check_return' */
+        int reserved1;
+
+        /* The name of the ufunc */
+        const char *name;
+
+        /* Array of type numbers, of size ('nargs' * 'ntypes') */
+        char *types;
+
+        /* Documentation string */
+        const char *doc;
+
+        void *ptr;
+        PyObject *obj;
+        PyObject *userloops;
+
+        /* generalized ufunc parameters */
+
+        /* 0 for scalar ufunc; 1 for generalized ufunc */
+        int core_enabled;
+        /* number of distinct dimension names in signature */
+        int core_num_dim_ix;
+
+        /*
+         * dimension indices of input/output argument k are stored in
+         * core_dim_ixs[core_offsets[k]..core_offsets[k]+core_num_dims[k]-1]
+         */
+
+        /* numbers of core dimensions of each argument */
+        int *core_num_dims;
+        /*
+         * dimension indices in a flatted form; indices
+         * are in the range of [0,core_num_dim_ix)
+         */
+        int *core_dim_ixs;
+        /*
+         * positions of 1st core dimensions of each
+         * argument in core_dim_ixs, equivalent to cumsum(core_num_dims)
+         */
+        int *core_offsets;
+        /* signature string for printing purpose */
+        char *core_signature;
+
+        /*
+         * A function which resolves the types and fills an array
+         * with the dtypes for the inputs and outputs.
+         */
+        PyUFunc_TypeResolutionFunc *type_resolver;
+        /*
+         * A function which returns an inner loop written for
+         * NumPy 1.6 and earlier ufuncs. This is for backwards
+         * compatibility, and may be NULL if inner_loop_selector
+         * is specified.
+         */
+        PyUFunc_LegacyInnerLoopSelectionFunc *legacy_inner_loop_selector;
+        /*
+         * This was blocked off to be the "new" inner loop selector in 1.7,
+         * but this was never implemented. (This is also why the above
+         * selector is called the "legacy" selector.)
+         */
+        #ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
+            vectorcallfunc vectorcall;
+        #else
+            void *vectorcall;
+        #endif
+
+        /* Was previously the `PyUFunc_MaskedInnerLoopSelectionFunc` */
+        void *_always_null_previously_masked_innerloop_selector;
+
+        /*
+         * List of flags for each operand when ufunc is called by nditer object.
+         * These flags will be used in addition to the default flags for each
+         * operand set by nditer object.
+         */
+        npy_uint32 *op_flags;
+
+        /*
+         * List of global flags used when ufunc is called by nditer object.
+         * These flags will be used in addition to the default global flags
+         * set by nditer object.
+         */
+        npy_uint32 iter_flags;
+
+        /* New in NPY_API_VERSION 0x0000000D and above */
+    #if NPY_FEATURE_VERSION >= NPY_1_16_API_VERSION
+        /*
+         * for each core_num_dim_ix distinct dimension names,
+         * the possible "frozen" size (-1 if not frozen).
+         */
+        npy_intp *core_dim_sizes;
+
+        /*
+         * for each distinct core dimension, a set of UFUNC_CORE_DIM* flags
+         */
+        npy_uint32 *core_dim_flags;
+
+        /* Identity for reduction, when identity == PyUFunc_IdentityValue */
+        PyObject *identity_value;
+    #endif  /* NPY_FEATURE_VERSION >= NPY_1_16_API_VERSION */
+
+        /* New in NPY_API_VERSION 0x0000000F and above */
+    #if NPY_FEATURE_VERSION >= NPY_1_22_API_VERSION
+        /* New private fields related to dispatching */
+        void *_dispatch_cache;
+        /* A PyListObject of `(tuple of DTypes, ArrayMethod/Promoter)` */
+        PyObject *_loops;
+    #endif
+} PyUFuncObject;
+
+#include "arrayobject.h"
+/* Generalized ufunc; 0x0001 reserved for possible use as CORE_ENABLED */
+/* the core dimension's size will be determined by the operands. */
+#define UFUNC_CORE_DIM_SIZE_INFERRED 0x0002
+/* the core dimension may be absent */
+#define UFUNC_CORE_DIM_CAN_IGNORE 0x0004
+/* flags inferred during execution */
+#define UFUNC_CORE_DIM_MISSING 0x00040000
+
+#define UFUNC_ERR_IGNORE 0
+#define UFUNC_ERR_WARN   1
+#define UFUNC_ERR_RAISE  2
+#define UFUNC_ERR_CALL   3
+#define UFUNC_ERR_PRINT  4
+#define UFUNC_ERR_LOG    5
+
+        /* Python side integer mask */
+
+#define UFUNC_MASK_DIVIDEBYZERO 0x07
+#define UFUNC_MASK_OVERFLOW 0x3f
+#define UFUNC_MASK_UNDERFLOW 0x1ff
+#define UFUNC_MASK_INVALID 0xfff
+
+#define UFUNC_SHIFT_DIVIDEBYZERO 0
+#define UFUNC_SHIFT_OVERFLOW     3
+#define UFUNC_SHIFT_UNDERFLOW    6
+#define UFUNC_SHIFT_INVALID      9
+
+
+#define UFUNC_OBJ_ISOBJECT      1
+#define UFUNC_OBJ_NEEDS_API     2
+
+   /* Default user error mode */
+#define UFUNC_ERR_DEFAULT                               \
+        (UFUNC_ERR_WARN << UFUNC_SHIFT_DIVIDEBYZERO) +  \
+        (UFUNC_ERR_WARN << UFUNC_SHIFT_OVERFLOW) +      \
+        (UFUNC_ERR_WARN << UFUNC_SHIFT_INVALID)
+
+#if NPY_ALLOW_THREADS
+#define NPY_LOOP_BEGIN_THREADS do {if (!(loop->obj & UFUNC_OBJ_NEEDS_API)) _save = PyEval_SaveThread();} while (0);
+#define NPY_LOOP_END_THREADS   do {if (!(loop->obj & UFUNC_OBJ_NEEDS_API)) PyEval_RestoreThread(_save);} while (0);
+#else
+#define NPY_LOOP_BEGIN_THREADS
+#define NPY_LOOP_END_THREADS
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * UFunc has unit of 0, and the order of operations can be reordered
+ * This case allows reduction with multiple axes at once.
+ */
+#define PyUFunc_Zero 0
+/*
+ * UFunc has unit of 1, and the order of operations can be reordered
+ * This case allows reduction with multiple axes at once.
+ */
+#define PyUFunc_One 1
+/*
+ * UFunc has unit of -1, and the order of operations can be reordered
+ * This case allows reduction with multiple axes at once. Intended for
+ * bitwise_and reduction.
+ */
+#define PyUFunc_MinusOne 2
+/*
+ * UFunc has no unit, and the order of operations cannot be reordered.
+ * This case does not allow reduction with multiple axes at once.
+ */
+#define PyUFunc_None -1
+/*
+ * UFunc has no unit, and the order of operations can be reordered
+ * This case allows reduction with multiple axes at once.
+ */
+#define PyUFunc_ReorderableNone -2
+/*
+ * UFunc unit is an identity_value, and the order of operations can be reordered
+ * This case allows reduction with multiple axes at once.
+ */
+#define PyUFunc_IdentityValue -3
+
+
+#define UFUNC_REDUCE 0
+#define UFUNC_ACCUMULATE 1
+#define UFUNC_REDUCEAT 2
+#define UFUNC_OUTER 3
+
+
+typedef struct {
+        int nin;
+        int nout;
+        PyObject *callable;
+} PyUFunc_PyFuncData;
+
+/* A linked-list of function information for
+   user-defined 1-d loops.
+ */
+typedef struct _loop1d_info {
+        PyUFuncGenericFunction func;
+        void *data;
+        int *arg_types;
+        struct _loop1d_info *next;
+        int nargs;
+        PyArray_Descr **arg_dtypes;
+} PyUFunc_Loop1d;
+
+
+#include "__ufunc_api.h"
+
+#define UFUNC_PYVALS_NAME "UFUNC_PYVALS"
+
+/*
+ * THESE MACROS ARE DEPRECATED.
+ * Use npy_set_floatstatus_* in the npymath library.
+ */
+#define UFUNC_FPE_DIVIDEBYZERO  NPY_FPE_DIVIDEBYZERO
+#define UFUNC_FPE_OVERFLOW      NPY_FPE_OVERFLOW
+#define UFUNC_FPE_UNDERFLOW     NPY_FPE_UNDERFLOW
+#define UFUNC_FPE_INVALID       NPY_FPE_INVALID
+
+#define generate_divbyzero_error() npy_set_floatstatus_divbyzero()
+#define generate_overflow_error() npy_set_floatstatus_overflow()
+
+  /* Make sure it gets defined if it isn't already */
+#ifndef UFUNC_NOFPE
+/* Clear the floating point exception default of Borland C++ */
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#define UFUNC_NOFPE _control87(MCW_EM, MCW_EM);
+#else
+#define UFUNC_NOFPE
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_UFUNCOBJECT_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/utils.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97f06092e54050baf3c2fc4372429cbd110429e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_UTILS_H_
+#define NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_UTILS_H_
+
+#ifndef __COMP_NPY_UNUSED
+    #if defined(__GNUC__)
+        #define __COMP_NPY_UNUSED __attribute__ ((__unused__))
+    #elif defined(__ICC)
+        #define __COMP_NPY_UNUSED __attribute__ ((__unused__))
+    #elif defined(__clang__)
+        #define __COMP_NPY_UNUSED __attribute__ ((unused))
+    #else
+        #define __COMP_NPY_UNUSED
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__ICC) || defined(__clang__)
+    #define NPY_DECL_ALIGNED(x) __attribute__ ((aligned (x)))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #define NPY_DECL_ALIGNED(x) __declspec(align(x))
+#else
+    #define NPY_DECL_ALIGNED(x)
+#endif
+
+/* Use this to tag a variable as not used. It will remove unused variable
+ * warning on support platforms (see __COM_NPY_UNUSED) and mangle the variable
+ * to avoid accidental use */
+#define NPY_UNUSED(x) __NPY_UNUSED_TAGGED ## x __COMP_NPY_UNUSED
+#define NPY_EXPAND(x) x
+
+#define NPY_STRINGIFY(x) #x
+#define NPY_TOSTRING(x) NPY_STRINGIFY(x)
+
+#define NPY_CAT__(a, b) a ## b
+#define NPY_CAT_(a, b) NPY_CAT__(a, b)
+#define NPY_CAT(a, b) NPY_CAT_(a, b)
+
+#endif  /* NUMPY_CORE_INCLUDE_NUMPY_UTILS_H_ */
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/lib/libnpymath.a b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/lib/libnpymath.a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..96a955e032495a2f05c094967ca015d489ea6457
Binary files /dev/null and b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/lib/libnpymath.a differ
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/_locales.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/_locales.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1dc55a9b2dc616de400f778a5f668a8431a2689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/_locales.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""Provide class for testing in French locale
+
+"""
+import sys
+import locale
+
+import pytest
+
+__ALL__ = ['CommaDecimalPointLocale']
+
+
+def find_comma_decimal_point_locale():
+    """See if platform has a decimal point as comma locale.
+
+    Find a locale that uses a comma instead of a period as the
+    decimal point.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    old_locale: str
+        Locale when the function was called.
+    new_locale: {str, None)
+        First French locale found, None if none found.
+
+    """
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        locales = ['FRENCH']
+    else:
+        locales = ['fr_FR', 'fr_FR.UTF-8', 'fi_FI', 'fi_FI.UTF-8']
+
+    old_locale = locale.getlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC)
+    new_locale = None
+    try:
+        for loc in locales:
+            try:
+                locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, loc)
+                new_locale = loc
+                break
+            except locale.Error:
+                pass
+    finally:
+        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, locale=old_locale)
+    return old_locale, new_locale
+
+
+class CommaDecimalPointLocale:
+    """Sets LC_NUMERIC to a locale with comma as decimal point.
+
+    Classes derived from this class have setup and teardown methods that run
+    tests with locale.LC_NUMERIC set to a locale where commas (',') are used as
+    the decimal point instead of periods ('.'). On exit the locale is restored
+    to the initial locale. It also serves as context manager with the same
+    effect. If no such locale is available, the test is skipped.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.15.0
+
+    """
+    (cur_locale, tst_locale) = find_comma_decimal_point_locale()
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        if self.tst_locale is None:
+            pytest.skip("No French locale available")
+        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, locale=self.tst_locale)
+
+    def teardown_method(self):
+        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, locale=self.cur_locale)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        if self.tst_locale is None:
+            pytest.skip("No French locale available")
+        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, locale=self.tst_locale)
+
+    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
+        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, locale=self.cur_locale)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test__exceptions.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test__exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10b87e052b385e5ee3f95e5f383f4923043c3ba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test__exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""
+Tests of the ._exceptions module. Primarily for exercising the __str__ methods.
+"""
+
+import pickle
+
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
+
+_ArrayMemoryError = np.core._exceptions._ArrayMemoryError
+_UFuncNoLoopError = np.core._exceptions._UFuncNoLoopError
+
+class TestArrayMemoryError:
+    def test_pickling(self):
+        """ Test that _ArrayMemoryError can be pickled """
+        error = _ArrayMemoryError((1023,), np.dtype(np.uint8))
+        res = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(error))
+        assert res._total_size == error._total_size
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        e = _ArrayMemoryError((1023,), np.dtype(np.uint8))
+        str(e)  # not crashing is enough
+
+    # testing these properties is easier than testing the full string repr
+    def test__size_to_string(self):
+        """ Test e._size_to_string """
+        f = _ArrayMemoryError._size_to_string
+        Ki = 1024
+        assert f(0) == '0 bytes'
+        assert f(1) == '1 bytes'
+        assert f(1023) == '1023 bytes'
+        assert f(Ki) == '1.00 KiB'
+        assert f(Ki+1) == '1.00 KiB'
+        assert f(10*Ki) == '10.0 KiB'
+        assert f(int(999.4*Ki)) == '999. KiB'
+        assert f(int(1023.4*Ki)) == '1023. KiB'
+        assert f(int(1023.5*Ki)) == '1.00 MiB'
+        assert f(Ki*Ki) == '1.00 MiB'
+
+        # 1023.9999 Mib should round to 1 GiB
+        assert f(int(Ki*Ki*Ki*0.9999)) == '1.00 GiB'
+        assert f(Ki*Ki*Ki*Ki*Ki*Ki) == '1.00 EiB'
+        # larger than sys.maxsize, adding larger prefixes isn't going to help
+        # anyway.
+        assert f(Ki*Ki*Ki*Ki*Ki*Ki*123456) == '123456. EiB'
+
+    def test__total_size(self):
+        """ Test e._total_size """
+        e = _ArrayMemoryError((1,), np.dtype(np.uint8))
+        assert e._total_size == 1
+
+        e = _ArrayMemoryError((2, 4), np.dtype((np.uint64, 16)))
+        assert e._total_size == 1024
+
+
+class TestUFuncNoLoopError:
+    def test_pickling(self):
+        """ Test that _UFuncNoLoopError can be pickled """
+        assert isinstance(pickle.dumps(_UFuncNoLoopError), bytes)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("args", [
+    (2, 1, None),
+    (2, 1, "test_prefix"),
+    ("test message",),
+])
+class TestAxisError:
+    def test_attr(self, args):
+        """Validate attribute types."""
+        exc = np.AxisError(*args)
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            assert exc.axis is None
+            assert exc.ndim is None
+        else:
+            axis, ndim, *_ = args
+            assert exc.axis == axis
+            assert exc.ndim == ndim
+
+    def test_pickling(self, args):
+        """Test that `AxisError` can be pickled."""
+        exc = np.AxisError(*args)
+        exc2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(exc))
+
+        assert type(exc) is type(exc2)
+        for name in ("axis", "ndim", "args"):
+            attr1 = getattr(exc, name)
+            attr2 = getattr(exc2, name)
+            assert attr1 == attr2, name
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_abc.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_abc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b12d07ac4177122f193d078905e4e016e504da3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_abc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+from numpy.testing import assert_
+
+import numbers
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core.numerictypes import sctypes
+
+class TestABC:
+    def test_abstract(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(np.number, numbers.Number))
+
+        assert_(issubclass(np.inexact, numbers.Complex))
+        assert_(issubclass(np.complexfloating, numbers.Complex))
+        assert_(issubclass(np.floating, numbers.Real))
+
+        assert_(issubclass(np.integer, numbers.Integral))
+        assert_(issubclass(np.signedinteger, numbers.Integral))
+        assert_(issubclass(np.unsignedinteger, numbers.Integral))
+
+    def test_floats(self):
+        for t in sctypes['float']:
+            assert_(isinstance(t(), numbers.Real),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is not instance of Real")
+            assert_(issubclass(t, numbers.Real),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is not subclass of Real")
+            assert_(not isinstance(t(), numbers.Rational),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is instance of Rational")
+            assert_(not issubclass(t, numbers.Rational),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is subclass of Rational")
+
+    def test_complex(self):
+        for t in sctypes['complex']:
+            assert_(isinstance(t(), numbers.Complex),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is not instance of Complex")
+            assert_(issubclass(t, numbers.Complex),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is not subclass of Complex")
+            assert_(not isinstance(t(), numbers.Real),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is instance of Real")
+            assert_(not issubclass(t, numbers.Real),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is subclass of Real")
+
+    def test_int(self):
+        for t in sctypes['int']:
+            assert_(isinstance(t(), numbers.Integral),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is not instance of Integral")
+            assert_(issubclass(t, numbers.Integral),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is not subclass of Integral")
+
+    def test_uint(self):
+        for t in sctypes['uint']:
+            assert_(isinstance(t(), numbers.Integral),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is not instance of Integral")
+            assert_(issubclass(t, numbers.Integral),
+                    f"{t.__name__} is not subclass of Integral")
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_api.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d9228698739adeacea91e9ac2108e64a535161b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+import sys
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core._rational_tests import rational
+import pytest
+from numpy.testing import (
+     assert_, assert_equal, assert_array_equal, assert_raises, assert_warns,
+     HAS_REFCOUNT
+    )
+
+
+def test_array_array():
+    tobj = type(object)
+    ones11 = np.ones((1, 1), np.float64)
+    tndarray = type(ones11)
+    # Test is_ndarray
+    assert_equal(np.array(ones11, dtype=np.float64), ones11)
+    if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+        old_refcount = sys.getrefcount(tndarray)
+        np.array(ones11)
+        assert_equal(old_refcount, sys.getrefcount(tndarray))
+
+    # test None
+    assert_equal(np.array(None, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.array(np.nan, dtype=np.float64))
+    if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+        old_refcount = sys.getrefcount(tobj)
+        np.array(None, dtype=np.float64)
+        assert_equal(old_refcount, sys.getrefcount(tobj))
+
+    # test scalar
+    assert_equal(np.array(1.0, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.ones((), dtype=np.float64))
+    if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+        old_refcount = sys.getrefcount(np.float64)
+        np.array(np.array(1.0, dtype=np.float64), dtype=np.float64)
+        assert_equal(old_refcount, sys.getrefcount(np.float64))
+
+    # test string
+    S2 = np.dtype((bytes, 2))
+    S3 = np.dtype((bytes, 3))
+    S5 = np.dtype((bytes, 5))
+    assert_equal(np.array(b"1.0", dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.ones((), dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array(b"1.0").dtype, S3)
+    assert_equal(np.array(b"1.0", dtype=bytes).dtype, S3)
+    assert_equal(np.array(b"1.0", dtype=S2), np.array(b"1."))
+    assert_equal(np.array(b"1", dtype=S5), np.ones((), dtype=S5))
+
+    # test string
+    U2 = np.dtype((str, 2))
+    U3 = np.dtype((str, 3))
+    U5 = np.dtype((str, 5))
+    assert_equal(np.array("1.0", dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.ones((), dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array("1.0").dtype, U3)
+    assert_equal(np.array("1.0", dtype=str).dtype, U3)
+    assert_equal(np.array("1.0", dtype=U2), np.array(str("1.")))
+    assert_equal(np.array("1", dtype=U5), np.ones((), dtype=U5))
+
+    builtins = getattr(__builtins__, '__dict__', __builtins__)
+    assert_(hasattr(builtins, 'get'))
+
+    # test memoryview
+    dat = np.array(memoryview(b'1.0'), dtype=np.float64)
+    assert_equal(dat, [49.0, 46.0, 48.0])
+    assert_(dat.dtype.type is np.float64)
+
+    dat = np.array(memoryview(b'1.0'))
+    assert_equal(dat, [49, 46, 48])
+    assert_(dat.dtype.type is np.uint8)
+
+    # test array interface
+    a = np.array(100.0, dtype=np.float64)
+    o = type("o", (object,),
+             dict(__array_interface__=a.__array_interface__))
+    assert_equal(np.array(o, dtype=np.float64), a)
+
+    # test array_struct interface
+    a = np.array([(1, 4.0, 'Hello'), (2, 6.0, 'World')],
+                 dtype=[('f0', int), ('f1', float), ('f2', str)])
+    o = type("o", (object,),
+             dict(__array_struct__=a.__array_struct__))
+    ## wasn't what I expected... is np.array(o) supposed to equal a ?
+    ## instead we get a array([...], dtype=">V18")
+    assert_equal(bytes(np.array(o).data), bytes(a.data))
+
+    # test array
+    o = type("o", (object,),
+             dict(__array__=lambda *x: np.array(100.0, dtype=np.float64)))()
+    assert_equal(np.array(o, dtype=np.float64), np.array(100.0, np.float64))
+
+    # test recursion
+    nested = 1.5
+    for i in range(np.MAXDIMS):
+        nested = [nested]
+
+    # no error
+    np.array(nested)
+
+    # Exceeds recursion limit
+    assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, [nested], dtype=np.float64)
+
+    # Try with lists...
+    # float32
+    assert_equal(np.array([None] * 10, dtype=np.float32),
+                 np.full((10,), np.nan, dtype=np.float32))
+    assert_equal(np.array([[None]] * 10, dtype=np.float32),
+                 np.full((10, 1), np.nan, dtype=np.float32))
+    assert_equal(np.array([[None] * 10], dtype=np.float32),
+                 np.full((1, 10), np.nan, dtype=np.float32))
+    assert_equal(np.array([[None] * 10] * 10, dtype=np.float32),
+                 np.full((10, 10), np.nan, dtype=np.float32))
+    # float64
+    assert_equal(np.array([None] * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.full((10,), np.nan, dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([[None]] * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.full((10, 1), np.nan, dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([[None] * 10], dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.full((1, 10), np.nan, dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([[None] * 10] * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.full((10, 10), np.nan, dtype=np.float64))
+
+    assert_equal(np.array([1.0] * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.ones((10,), dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([[1.0]] * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.ones((10, 1), dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([[1.0] * 10], dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.ones((1, 10), dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([[1.0] * 10] * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.ones((10, 10), dtype=np.float64))
+
+    # Try with tuples
+    assert_equal(np.array((None,) * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.full((10,), np.nan, dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([(None,)] * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.full((10, 1), np.nan, dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([(None,) * 10], dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.full((1, 10), np.nan, dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([(None,) * 10] * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.full((10, 10), np.nan, dtype=np.float64))
+
+    assert_equal(np.array((1.0,) * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.ones((10,), dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([(1.0,)] * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.ones((10, 1), dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([(1.0,) * 10], dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.ones((1, 10), dtype=np.float64))
+    assert_equal(np.array([(1.0,) * 10] * 10, dtype=np.float64),
+                 np.ones((10, 10), dtype=np.float64))
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("array", [True, False])
+def test_array_impossible_casts(array):
+    # All builtin types can be forcibly cast, at least theoretically,
+    # but user dtypes cannot necessarily.
+    rt = rational(1, 2)
+    if array:
+        rt = np.array(rt)
+    with assert_raises(TypeError):
+        np.array(rt, dtype="M8")
+
+
+# TODO: remove when fastCopyAndTranspose deprecation expires
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("a",
+    (
+        np.array(2),  # 0D array
+        np.array([3, 2, 7, 0]),  # 1D array
+        np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)  # 2D array
+    ),
+)
+def test_fastCopyAndTranspose(a):
+    with pytest.deprecated_call():
+        b = np.fastCopyAndTranspose(a)
+        assert_equal(b, a.T)
+        assert b.flags.owndata
+
+
+def test_array_astype():
+    a = np.arange(6, dtype='f4').reshape(2, 3)
+    # Default behavior: allows unsafe casts, keeps memory layout,
+    #                   always copies.
+    b = a.astype('i4')
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('i4'))
+    assert_equal(a.strides, b.strides)
+    b = a.T.astype('i4')
+    assert_equal(a.T, b)
+    assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('i4'))
+    assert_equal(a.T.strides, b.strides)
+    b = a.astype('f4')
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_(not (a is b))
+
+    # copy=False parameter can sometimes skip a copy
+    b = a.astype('f4', copy=False)
+    assert_(a is b)
+
+    # order parameter allows overriding of the memory layout,
+    # forcing a copy if the layout is wrong
+    b = a.astype('f4', order='F', copy=False)
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_(not (a is b))
+    assert_(b.flags.f_contiguous)
+
+    b = a.astype('f4', order='C', copy=False)
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_(a is b)
+    assert_(b.flags.c_contiguous)
+
+    # casting parameter allows catching bad casts
+    b = a.astype('c8', casting='safe')
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('c8'))
+
+    assert_raises(TypeError, a.astype, 'i4', casting='safe')
+
+    # subok=False passes through a non-subclassed array
+    b = a.astype('f4', subok=0, copy=False)
+    assert_(a is b)
+
+    class MyNDArray(np.ndarray):
+        pass
+
+    a = np.array([[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]], dtype='f4').view(MyNDArray)
+
+    # subok=True passes through a subclass
+    b = a.astype('f4', subok=True, copy=False)
+    assert_(a is b)
+
+    # subok=True is default, and creates a subtype on a cast
+    b = a.astype('i4', copy=False)
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_equal(type(b), MyNDArray)
+
+    # subok=False never returns a subclass
+    b = a.astype('f4', subok=False, copy=False)
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_(not (a is b))
+    assert_(type(b) is not MyNDArray)
+
+    # Make sure converting from string object to fixed length string
+    # does not truncate.
+    a = np.array([b'a'*100], dtype='O')
+    b = a.astype('S')
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('S100'))
+    a = np.array(['a'*100], dtype='O')
+    b = a.astype('U')
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('U100'))
+
+    # Same test as above but for strings shorter than 64 characters
+    a = np.array([b'a'*10], dtype='O')
+    b = a.astype('S')
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('S10'))
+    a = np.array(['a'*10], dtype='O')
+    b = a.astype('U')
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('U10'))
+
+    a = np.array(123456789012345678901234567890, dtype='O').astype('S')
+    assert_array_equal(a, np.array(b'1234567890' * 3, dtype='S30'))
+    a = np.array(123456789012345678901234567890, dtype='O').astype('U')
+    assert_array_equal(a, np.array('1234567890' * 3, dtype='U30'))
+
+    a = np.array([123456789012345678901234567890], dtype='O').astype('S')
+    assert_array_equal(a, np.array(b'1234567890' * 3, dtype='S30'))
+    a = np.array([123456789012345678901234567890], dtype='O').astype('U')
+    assert_array_equal(a, np.array('1234567890' * 3, dtype='U30'))
+
+    a = np.array(123456789012345678901234567890, dtype='S')
+    assert_array_equal(a, np.array(b'1234567890' * 3, dtype='S30'))
+    a = np.array(123456789012345678901234567890, dtype='U')
+    assert_array_equal(a, np.array('1234567890' * 3, dtype='U30'))
+
+    a = np.array('a\u0140', dtype='U')
+    b = np.ndarray(buffer=a, dtype='uint32', shape=2)
+    assert_(b.size == 2)
+
+    a = np.array([1000], dtype='i4')
+    assert_raises(TypeError, a.astype, 'S1', casting='safe')
+
+    a = np.array(1000, dtype='i4')
+    assert_raises(TypeError, a.astype, 'U1', casting='safe')
+
+    # gh-24023
+    assert_raises(TypeError, a.astype)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dt", ["S", "U"])
+def test_array_astype_to_string_discovery_empty(dt):
+    # See also gh-19085
+    arr = np.array([""], dtype=object)
+    # Note, the itemsize is the `0 -> 1` logic, which should change.
+    # The important part the test is rather that it does not error.
+    assert arr.astype(dt).dtype.itemsize == np.dtype(f"{dt}1").itemsize
+
+    # check the same thing for `np.can_cast` (since it accepts arrays)
+    assert np.can_cast(arr, dt, casting="unsafe")
+    assert not np.can_cast(arr, dt, casting="same_kind")
+    # as well as for the object as a descriptor:
+    assert np.can_cast("O", dt, casting="unsafe")
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dt", ["d", "f", "S13", "U32"])
+def test_array_astype_to_void(dt):
+    dt = np.dtype(dt)
+    arr = np.array([], dtype=dt)
+    assert arr.astype("V").dtype.itemsize == dt.itemsize
+
+def test_object_array_astype_to_void():
+    # This is different to `test_array_astype_to_void` as object arrays
+    # are inspected.  The default void is "V8" (8 is the length of double)
+    arr = np.array([], dtype="O").astype("V")
+    assert arr.dtype == "V8"
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("t",
+    np.sctypes['uint'] + np.sctypes['int'] + np.sctypes['float']
+)
+def test_array_astype_warning(t):
+    # test ComplexWarning when casting from complex to float or int
+    a = np.array(10, dtype=np.complex_)
+    assert_warns(np.ComplexWarning, a.astype, t)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["dtype", "out_dtype"],
+        [(np.bytes_, np.bool_),
+         (np.str_, np.bool_),
+         (np.dtype("S10,S9"), np.dtype("?,?"))])
+def test_string_to_boolean_cast(dtype, out_dtype):
+    """
+    Currently, for `astype` strings are cast to booleans effectively by
+    calling `bool(int(string)`. This is not consistent (see gh-9875) and
+    will eventually be deprecated.
+    """
+    arr = np.array(["10", "10\0\0\0", "0\0\0", "0"], dtype=dtype)
+    expected = np.array([True, True, False, False], dtype=out_dtype)
+    assert_array_equal(arr.astype(out_dtype), expected)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["dtype", "out_dtype"],
+        [(np.bytes_, np.bool_),
+         (np.str_, np.bool_),
+         (np.dtype("S10,S9"), np.dtype("?,?"))])
+def test_string_to_boolean_cast_errors(dtype, out_dtype):
+    """
+    These currently error out, since cast to integers fails, but should not
+    error out in the future.
+    """
+    for invalid in ["False", "True", "", "\0", "non-empty"]:
+        arr = np.array([invalid], dtype=dtype)
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            arr.astype(out_dtype)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("str_type", [str, bytes, np.str_, np.unicode_])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("scalar_type",
+        [np.complex64, np.complex128, np.clongdouble])
+def test_string_to_complex_cast(str_type, scalar_type):
+    value = scalar_type(b"1+3j")
+    assert scalar_type(value) == 1+3j
+    assert np.array([value], dtype=object).astype(scalar_type)[()] == 1+3j
+    assert np.array(value).astype(scalar_type)[()] == 1+3j
+    arr = np.zeros(1, dtype=scalar_type)
+    arr[0] = value
+    assert arr[0] == 1+3j
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["AllFloat"])
+def test_none_to_nan_cast(dtype):
+    # Note that at the time of writing this test, the scalar constructors
+    # reject None
+    arr = np.zeros(1, dtype=dtype)
+    arr[0] = None
+    assert np.isnan(arr)[0]
+    assert np.isnan(np.array(None, dtype=dtype))[()]
+    assert np.isnan(np.array([None], dtype=dtype))[0]
+    assert np.isnan(np.array(None).astype(dtype))[()]
+
+def test_copyto_fromscalar():
+    a = np.arange(6, dtype='f4').reshape(2, 3)
+
+    # Simple copy
+    np.copyto(a, 1.5)
+    assert_equal(a, 1.5)
+    np.copyto(a.T, 2.5)
+    assert_equal(a, 2.5)
+
+    # Where-masked copy
+    mask = np.array([[0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]], dtype='?')
+    np.copyto(a, 3.5, where=mask)
+    assert_equal(a, [[2.5, 3.5, 2.5], [2.5, 2.5, 3.5]])
+    mask = np.array([[0, 1], [1, 1], [1, 0]], dtype='?')
+    np.copyto(a.T, 4.5, where=mask)
+    assert_equal(a, [[2.5, 4.5, 4.5], [4.5, 4.5, 3.5]])
+
+def test_copyto():
+    a = np.arange(6, dtype='i4').reshape(2, 3)
+
+    # Simple copy
+    np.copyto(a, [[3, 1, 5], [6, 2, 1]])
+    assert_equal(a, [[3, 1, 5], [6, 2, 1]])
+
+    # Overlapping copy should work
+    np.copyto(a[:, :2], a[::-1, 1::-1])
+    assert_equal(a, [[2, 6, 5], [1, 3, 1]])
+
+    # Defaults to 'same_kind' casting
+    assert_raises(TypeError, np.copyto, a, 1.5)
+
+    # Force a copy with 'unsafe' casting, truncating 1.5 to 1
+    np.copyto(a, 1.5, casting='unsafe')
+    assert_equal(a, 1)
+
+    # Copying with a mask
+    np.copyto(a, 3, where=[True, False, True])
+    assert_equal(a, [[3, 1, 3], [3, 1, 3]])
+
+    # Casting rule still applies with a mask
+    assert_raises(TypeError, np.copyto, a, 3.5, where=[True, False, True])
+
+    # Lists of integer 0's and 1's is ok too
+    np.copyto(a, 4.0, casting='unsafe', where=[[0, 1, 1], [1, 0, 0]])
+    assert_equal(a, [[3, 4, 4], [4, 1, 3]])
+
+    # Overlapping copy with mask should work
+    np.copyto(a[:, :2], a[::-1, 1::-1], where=[[0, 1], [1, 1]])
+    assert_equal(a, [[3, 4, 4], [4, 3, 3]])
+
+    # 'dst' must be an array
+    assert_raises(TypeError, np.copyto, [1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4])
+
+def test_copyto_permut():
+    # test explicit overflow case
+    pad = 500
+    l = [True] * pad + [True, True, True, True]
+    r = np.zeros(len(l)-pad)
+    d = np.ones(len(l)-pad)
+    mask = np.array(l)[pad:]
+    np.copyto(r, d, where=mask[::-1])
+
+    # test all permutation of possible masks, 9 should be sufficient for
+    # current 4 byte unrolled code
+    power = 9
+    d = np.ones(power)
+    for i in range(2**power):
+        r = np.zeros(power)
+        l = [(i & x) != 0 for x in range(power)]
+        mask = np.array(l)
+        np.copyto(r, d, where=mask)
+        assert_array_equal(r == 1, l)
+        assert_equal(r.sum(), sum(l))
+
+        r = np.zeros(power)
+        np.copyto(r, d, where=mask[::-1])
+        assert_array_equal(r == 1, l[::-1])
+        assert_equal(r.sum(), sum(l))
+
+        r = np.zeros(power)
+        np.copyto(r[::2], d[::2], where=mask[::2])
+        assert_array_equal(r[::2] == 1, l[::2])
+        assert_equal(r[::2].sum(), sum(l[::2]))
+
+        r = np.zeros(power)
+        np.copyto(r[::2], d[::2], where=mask[::-2])
+        assert_array_equal(r[::2] == 1, l[::-2])
+        assert_equal(r[::2].sum(), sum(l[::-2]))
+
+        for c in [0xFF, 0x7F, 0x02, 0x10]:
+            r = np.zeros(power)
+            mask = np.array(l)
+            imask = np.array(l).view(np.uint8)
+            imask[mask != 0] = c
+            np.copyto(r, d, where=mask)
+            assert_array_equal(r == 1, l)
+            assert_equal(r.sum(), sum(l))
+
+    r = np.zeros(power)
+    np.copyto(r, d, where=True)
+    assert_equal(r.sum(), r.size)
+    r = np.ones(power)
+    d = np.zeros(power)
+    np.copyto(r, d, where=False)
+    assert_equal(r.sum(), r.size)
+
+def test_copy_order():
+    a = np.arange(24).reshape(2, 1, 3, 4)
+    b = a.copy(order='F')
+    c = np.arange(24).reshape(2, 1, 4, 3).swapaxes(2, 3)
+
+    def check_copy_result(x, y, ccontig, fcontig, strides=False):
+        assert_(not (x is y))
+        assert_equal(x, y)
+        assert_equal(res.flags.c_contiguous, ccontig)
+        assert_equal(res.flags.f_contiguous, fcontig)
+
+    # Validate the initial state of a, b, and c
+    assert_(a.flags.c_contiguous)
+    assert_(not a.flags.f_contiguous)
+    assert_(not b.flags.c_contiguous)
+    assert_(b.flags.f_contiguous)
+    assert_(not c.flags.c_contiguous)
+    assert_(not c.flags.f_contiguous)
+
+    # Copy with order='C'
+    res = a.copy(order='C')
+    check_copy_result(res, a, ccontig=True, fcontig=False, strides=True)
+    res = b.copy(order='C')
+    check_copy_result(res, b, ccontig=True, fcontig=False, strides=False)
+    res = c.copy(order='C')
+    check_copy_result(res, c, ccontig=True, fcontig=False, strides=False)
+    res = np.copy(a, order='C')
+    check_copy_result(res, a, ccontig=True, fcontig=False, strides=True)
+    res = np.copy(b, order='C')
+    check_copy_result(res, b, ccontig=True, fcontig=False, strides=False)
+    res = np.copy(c, order='C')
+    check_copy_result(res, c, ccontig=True, fcontig=False, strides=False)
+
+    # Copy with order='F'
+    res = a.copy(order='F')
+    check_copy_result(res, a, ccontig=False, fcontig=True, strides=False)
+    res = b.copy(order='F')
+    check_copy_result(res, b, ccontig=False, fcontig=True, strides=True)
+    res = c.copy(order='F')
+    check_copy_result(res, c, ccontig=False, fcontig=True, strides=False)
+    res = np.copy(a, order='F')
+    check_copy_result(res, a, ccontig=False, fcontig=True, strides=False)
+    res = np.copy(b, order='F')
+    check_copy_result(res, b, ccontig=False, fcontig=True, strides=True)
+    res = np.copy(c, order='F')
+    check_copy_result(res, c, ccontig=False, fcontig=True, strides=False)
+
+    # Copy with order='K'
+    res = a.copy(order='K')
+    check_copy_result(res, a, ccontig=True, fcontig=False, strides=True)
+    res = b.copy(order='K')
+    check_copy_result(res, b, ccontig=False, fcontig=True, strides=True)
+    res = c.copy(order='K')
+    check_copy_result(res, c, ccontig=False, fcontig=False, strides=True)
+    res = np.copy(a, order='K')
+    check_copy_result(res, a, ccontig=True, fcontig=False, strides=True)
+    res = np.copy(b, order='K')
+    check_copy_result(res, b, ccontig=False, fcontig=True, strides=True)
+    res = np.copy(c, order='K')
+    check_copy_result(res, c, ccontig=False, fcontig=False, strides=True)
+
+def test_contiguous_flags():
+    a = np.ones((4, 4, 1))[::2,:,:]
+    a.strides = a.strides[:2] + (-123,)
+    b = np.ones((2, 2, 1, 2, 2)).swapaxes(3, 4)
+
+    def check_contig(a, ccontig, fcontig):
+        assert_(a.flags.c_contiguous == ccontig)
+        assert_(a.flags.f_contiguous == fcontig)
+
+    # Check if new arrays are correct:
+    check_contig(a, False, False)
+    check_contig(b, False, False)
+    check_contig(np.empty((2, 2, 0, 2, 2)), True, True)
+    check_contig(np.array([[[1], [2]]], order='F'), True, True)
+    check_contig(np.empty((2, 2)), True, False)
+    check_contig(np.empty((2, 2), order='F'), False, True)
+
+    # Check that np.array creates correct contiguous flags:
+    check_contig(np.array(a, copy=False), False, False)
+    check_contig(np.array(a, copy=False, order='C'), True, False)
+    check_contig(np.array(a, ndmin=4, copy=False, order='F'), False, True)
+
+    # Check slicing update of flags and :
+    check_contig(a[0], True, True)
+    check_contig(a[None, ::4, ..., None], True, True)
+    check_contig(b[0, 0, ...], False, True)
+    check_contig(b[:, :, 0:0, :, :], True, True)
+
+    # Test ravel and squeeze.
+    check_contig(a.ravel(), True, True)
+    check_contig(np.ones((1, 3, 1)).squeeze(), True, True)
+
+def test_broadcast_arrays():
+    # Test user defined dtypes
+    a = np.array([(1, 2, 3)], dtype='u4,u4,u4')
+    b = np.array([(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9)], dtype='u4,u4,u4')
+    result = np.broadcast_arrays(a, b)
+    assert_equal(result[0], np.array([(1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 3)], dtype='u4,u4,u4'))
+    assert_equal(result[1], np.array([(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9)], dtype='u4,u4,u4'))
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["shape", "fill_value", "expected_output"],
+        [((2, 2), [5.0,  6.0], np.array([[5.0, 6.0], [5.0, 6.0]])),
+         ((3, 2), [1.0,  2.0], np.array([[1.0, 2.0], [1.0, 2.0], [1.0,  2.0]]))])
+def test_full_from_list(shape, fill_value, expected_output):
+    output = np.full(shape, fill_value)
+    assert_equal(output, expected_output)
+
+def test_astype_copyflag():
+    # test the various copyflag options
+    arr = np.arange(10, dtype=np.intp)
+
+    res_true = arr.astype(np.intp, copy=True)
+    assert not np.may_share_memory(arr, res_true)
+    res_always = arr.astype(np.intp, copy=np._CopyMode.ALWAYS)
+    assert not np.may_share_memory(arr, res_always)
+
+    res_false = arr.astype(np.intp, copy=False)
+    # `res_false is arr` currently, but check `may_share_memory`.
+    assert np.may_share_memory(arr, res_false)
+    res_if_needed = arr.astype(np.intp, copy=np._CopyMode.IF_NEEDED)
+    # `res_if_needed is arr` currently, but check `may_share_memory`.
+    assert np.may_share_memory(arr, res_if_needed)
+
+    res_never = arr.astype(np.intp, copy=np._CopyMode.NEVER)
+    assert np.may_share_memory(arr, res_never)
+
+    # Simple tests for when a copy is necessary:
+    res_false = arr.astype(np.float64, copy=False)
+    assert_array_equal(res_false, arr)
+    res_if_needed = arr.astype(np.float64, 
+                               copy=np._CopyMode.IF_NEEDED)
+    assert_array_equal(res_if_needed, arr)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, arr.astype, np.float64,
+                  copy=np._CopyMode.NEVER)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_argparse.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_argparse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fae22702710916b52f99f7024d4d07410c148ede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_argparse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""
+Tests for the private NumPy argument parsing functionality.
+They mainly exists to ensure good test coverage without having to try the
+weirder cases on actual numpy functions but test them in one place.
+
+The test function is defined in C to be equivalent to (errors may not always
+match exactly, and could be adjusted):
+
+    def func(arg1, /, arg2, *, arg3):
+        i = integer(arg1)  # reproducing the 'i' parsing in Python.
+        return None
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import argparse_example_function as func
+
+
+def test_invalid_integers():
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+            match="integer argument expected, got float"):
+        func(1.)
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
+        func(2**100)
+
+
+def test_missing_arguments():
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+            match="missing required positional argument 0"):
+        func()
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+            match="missing required positional argument 0"):
+        func(arg2=1, arg3=4)
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+            match=r"missing required argument \'arg2\' \(pos 1\)"):
+        func(1, arg3=5)
+
+
+def test_too_many_positional():
+    # the second argument is positional but can be passed as keyword.
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+            match="takes from 2 to 3 positional arguments but 4 were given"):
+        func(1, 2, 3, 4)
+
+
+def test_multiple_values():
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+            match=r"given by name \('arg2'\) and position \(position 1\)"):
+        func(1, 2, arg2=3)
+
+
+def test_string_fallbacks():
+    # We can (currently?) use numpy strings to test the "slow" fallbacks
+    # that should normally not be taken due to string interning.
+    arg2 = np.str_("arg2")
+    missing_arg = np.str_("missing_arg")
+    func(1, **{arg2: 3})
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+            match="got an unexpected keyword argument 'missing_arg'"):
+        func(2, **{missing_arg: 3})
+
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_array_coercion.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_array_coercion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..629bfce55e8fe551114e9c56b7308dc1be9ff6cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_array_coercion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,898 @@
+"""
+Tests for array coercion, mainly through testing `np.array` results directly.
+Note that other such tests exist, e.g., in `test_api.py` and many corner-cases
+are tested (sometimes indirectly) elsewhere.
+"""
+
+from itertools import permutations, product
+
+import pytest
+from pytest import param
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core._rational_tests import rational
+from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import _discover_array_parameters
+
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_array_equal, assert_warns, IS_PYPY)
+
+
+def arraylikes():
+    """
+    Generator for functions converting an array into various array-likes.
+    If full is True (default) it includes array-likes not capable of handling
+    all dtypes.
+    """
+    # base array:
+    def ndarray(a):
+        return a
+
+    yield param(ndarray, id="ndarray")
+
+    # subclass:
+    class MyArr(np.ndarray):
+        pass
+
+    def subclass(a):
+        return a.view(MyArr)
+
+    yield subclass
+
+    class _SequenceLike():
+        # Older NumPy versions, sometimes cared whether a protocol array was
+        # also _SequenceLike.  This shouldn't matter, but keep it for now
+        # for __array__ and not the others.
+        def __len__(self):
+            raise TypeError
+
+        def __getitem__(self):
+            raise TypeError
+
+    # Array-interface
+    class ArrayDunder(_SequenceLike):
+        def __init__(self, a):
+            self.a = a
+
+        def __array__(self, dtype=None):
+            return self.a
+
+    yield param(ArrayDunder, id="__array__")
+
+    # memory-view
+    yield param(memoryview, id="memoryview")
+
+    # Array-interface
+    class ArrayInterface:
+        def __init__(self, a):
+            self.a = a  # need to hold on to keep interface valid
+            self.__array_interface__ = a.__array_interface__
+
+    yield param(ArrayInterface, id="__array_interface__")
+
+    # Array-Struct
+    class ArrayStruct:
+        def __init__(self, a):
+            self.a = a  # need to hold on to keep struct valid
+            self.__array_struct__ = a.__array_struct__
+
+    yield param(ArrayStruct, id="__array_struct__")
+
+
+def scalar_instances(times=True, extended_precision=True, user_dtype=True):
+    # Hard-coded list of scalar instances.
+    # Floats:
+    yield param(np.sqrt(np.float16(5)), id="float16")
+    yield param(np.sqrt(np.float32(5)), id="float32")
+    yield param(np.sqrt(np.float64(5)), id="float64")
+    if extended_precision:
+        yield param(np.sqrt(np.longdouble(5)), id="longdouble")
+
+    # Complex:
+    yield param(np.sqrt(np.complex64(2+3j)), id="complex64")
+    yield param(np.sqrt(np.complex128(2+3j)), id="complex128")
+    if extended_precision:
+        yield param(np.sqrt(np.longcomplex(2+3j)), id="clongdouble")
+
+    # Bool:
+    # XFAIL: Bool should be added, but has some bad properties when it
+    # comes to strings, see also gh-9875
+    # yield param(np.bool_(0), id="bool")
+
+    # Integers:
+    yield param(np.int8(2), id="int8")
+    yield param(np.int16(2), id="int16")
+    yield param(np.int32(2), id="int32")
+    yield param(np.int64(2), id="int64")
+
+    yield param(np.uint8(2), id="uint8")
+    yield param(np.uint16(2), id="uint16")
+    yield param(np.uint32(2), id="uint32")
+    yield param(np.uint64(2), id="uint64")
+
+    # Rational:
+    if user_dtype:
+        yield param(rational(1, 2), id="rational")
+
+    # Cannot create a structured void scalar directly:
+    structured = np.array([(1, 3)], "i,i")[0]
+    assert isinstance(structured, np.void)
+    assert structured.dtype == np.dtype("i,i")
+    yield param(structured, id="structured")
+
+    if times:
+        # Datetimes and timedelta
+        yield param(np.timedelta64(2), id="timedelta64[generic]")
+        yield param(np.timedelta64(23, "s"), id="timedelta64[s]")
+        yield param(np.timedelta64("NaT", "s"), id="timedelta64[s](NaT)")
+
+        yield param(np.datetime64("NaT"), id="datetime64[generic](NaT)")
+        yield param(np.datetime64("2020-06-07 12:43", "ms"), id="datetime64[ms]")
+
+    # Strings and unstructured void:
+    yield param(np.bytes_(b"1234"), id="bytes")
+    yield param(np.str_("2345"), id="unicode")
+    yield param(np.void(b"4321"), id="unstructured_void")
+
+
+def is_parametric_dtype(dtype):
+    """Returns True if the dtype is a parametric legacy dtype (itemsize
+    is 0, or a datetime without units)
+    """
+    if dtype.itemsize == 0:
+        return True
+    if issubclass(dtype.type, (np.datetime64, np.timedelta64)):
+        if dtype.name.endswith("64"):
+            # Generic time units
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+class TestStringDiscovery:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("obj",
+            [object(), 1.2, 10**43, None, "string"],
+            ids=["object", "1.2", "10**43", "None", "string"])
+    def test_basic_stringlength(self, obj):
+        length = len(str(obj))
+        expected = np.dtype(f"S{length}")
+
+        assert np.array(obj, dtype="S").dtype == expected
+        assert np.array([obj], dtype="S").dtype == expected
+
+        # A nested array is also discovered correctly
+        arr = np.array(obj, dtype="O")
+        assert np.array(arr, dtype="S").dtype == expected
+        # Also if we use the dtype class
+        assert np.array(arr, dtype=type(expected)).dtype == expected
+        # Check that .astype() behaves identical
+        assert arr.astype("S").dtype == expected
+        # The DType class is accepted by `.astype()`
+        assert arr.astype(type(np.dtype("S"))).dtype == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("obj",
+            [object(), 1.2, 10**43, None, "string"],
+            ids=["object", "1.2", "10**43", "None", "string"])
+    def test_nested_arrays_stringlength(self, obj):
+        length = len(str(obj))
+        expected = np.dtype(f"S{length}")
+        arr = np.array(obj, dtype="O")
+        assert np.array([arr, arr], dtype="S").dtype == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arraylike", arraylikes())
+    def test_unpack_first_level(self, arraylike):
+        # We unpack exactly one level of array likes
+        obj = np.array([None])
+        obj[0] = np.array(1.2)
+        # the length of the included item, not of the float dtype
+        length = len(str(obj[0]))
+        expected = np.dtype(f"S{length}")
+
+        obj = arraylike(obj)
+        # casting to string usually calls str(obj)
+        arr = np.array([obj], dtype="S")
+        assert arr.shape == (1, 1)
+        assert arr.dtype == expected
+
+
+class TestScalarDiscovery:
+    def test_void_special_case(self):
+        # Void dtypes with structures discover tuples as elements
+        arr = np.array((1, 2, 3), dtype="i,i,i")
+        assert arr.shape == ()
+        arr = np.array([(1, 2, 3)], dtype="i,i,i")
+        assert arr.shape == (1,)
+
+    def test_char_special_case(self):
+        arr = np.array("string", dtype="c")
+        assert arr.shape == (6,)
+        assert arr.dtype.char == "c"
+        arr = np.array(["string"], dtype="c")
+        assert arr.shape == (1, 6)
+        assert arr.dtype.char == "c"
+
+    def test_char_special_case_deep(self):
+        # Check that the character special case errors correctly if the
+        # array is too deep:
+        nested = ["string"]  # 2 dimensions (due to string being sequence)
+        for i in range(np.MAXDIMS - 2):
+            nested = [nested]
+
+        arr = np.array(nested, dtype='c')
+        assert arr.shape == (1,) * (np.MAXDIMS - 1) + (6,)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.array([nested], dtype="c")
+
+    def test_unknown_object(self):
+        arr = np.array(object())
+        assert arr.shape == ()
+        assert arr.dtype == np.dtype("O")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("scalar", scalar_instances())
+    def test_scalar(self, scalar):
+        arr = np.array(scalar)
+        assert arr.shape == ()
+        assert arr.dtype == scalar.dtype
+
+        arr = np.array([[scalar, scalar]])
+        assert arr.shape == (1, 2)
+        assert arr.dtype == scalar.dtype
+
+    # Additionally to string this test also runs into a corner case
+    # with datetime promotion (the difference is the promotion order).
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:Promotion of numbers:FutureWarning")
+    def test_scalar_promotion(self):
+        for sc1, sc2 in product(scalar_instances(), scalar_instances()):
+            sc1, sc2 = sc1.values[0], sc2.values[0]
+            # test all combinations:
+            try:
+                arr = np.array([sc1, sc2])
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                # The promotion between two times can fail
+                # XFAIL (ValueError): Some object casts are currently undefined
+                continue
+            assert arr.shape == (2,)
+            try:
+                dt1, dt2 = sc1.dtype, sc2.dtype
+                expected_dtype = np.promote_types(dt1, dt2)
+                assert arr.dtype == expected_dtype
+            except TypeError as e:
+                # Will currently always go to object dtype
+                assert arr.dtype == np.dtype("O")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("scalar", scalar_instances())
+    def test_scalar_coercion(self, scalar):
+        # This tests various scalar coercion paths, mainly for the numerical
+        # types. It includes some paths not directly related to `np.array`.
+        if isinstance(scalar, np.inexact):
+            # Ensure we have a full-precision number if available
+            scalar = type(scalar)((scalar * 2)**0.5)
+
+        if type(scalar) is rational:
+            # Rational generally fails due to a missing cast. In the future
+            # object casts should automatically be defined based on `setitem`.
+            pytest.xfail("Rational to object cast is undefined currently.")
+
+        # Use casting from object:
+        arr = np.array(scalar, dtype=object).astype(scalar.dtype)
+
+        # Test various ways to create an array containing this scalar:
+        arr1 = np.array(scalar).reshape(1)
+        arr2 = np.array([scalar])
+        arr3 = np.empty(1, dtype=scalar.dtype)
+        arr3[0] = scalar
+        arr4 = np.empty(1, dtype=scalar.dtype)
+        arr4[:] = [scalar]
+        # All of these methods should yield the same results
+        assert_array_equal(arr, arr1)
+        assert_array_equal(arr, arr2)
+        assert_array_equal(arr, arr3)
+        assert_array_equal(arr, arr4)
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(IS_PYPY, reason="`int(np.complex128(3))` fails on PyPy")
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::numpy.ComplexWarning")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("cast_to", scalar_instances())
+    def test_scalar_coercion_same_as_cast_and_assignment(self, cast_to):
+        """
+        Test that in most cases:
+           * `np.array(scalar, dtype=dtype)`
+           * `np.empty((), dtype=dtype)[()] = scalar`
+           * `np.array(scalar).astype(dtype)`
+        should behave the same.  The only exceptions are parametric dtypes
+        (mainly datetime/timedelta without unit) and void without fields.
+        """
+        dtype = cast_to.dtype  # use to parametrize only the target dtype
+
+        for scalar in scalar_instances(times=False):
+            scalar = scalar.values[0]
+
+            if dtype.type == np.void:
+               if scalar.dtype.fields is not None and dtype.fields is None:
+                    # Here, coercion to "V6" works, but the cast fails.
+                    # Since the types are identical, SETITEM takes care of
+                    # this, but has different rules than the cast.
+                    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+                        np.array(scalar).astype(dtype)
+                    np.array(scalar, dtype=dtype)
+                    np.array([scalar], dtype=dtype)
+                    continue
+
+            # The main test, we first try to use casting and if it succeeds
+            # continue below testing that things are the same, otherwise
+            # test that the alternative paths at least also fail.
+            try:
+                cast = np.array(scalar).astype(dtype)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError, RuntimeError):
+                # coercion should also raise (error type may change)
+                with pytest.raises(Exception):
+                    np.array(scalar, dtype=dtype)
+
+                if (isinstance(scalar, rational) and
+                        np.issubdtype(dtype, np.signedinteger)):
+                    return
+
+                with pytest.raises(Exception):
+                    np.array([scalar], dtype=dtype)
+                # assignment should also raise
+                res = np.zeros((), dtype=dtype)
+                with pytest.raises(Exception):
+                    res[()] = scalar
+
+                return
+
+            # Non error path:
+            arr = np.array(scalar, dtype=dtype)
+            assert_array_equal(arr, cast)
+            # assignment behaves the same
+            ass = np.zeros((), dtype=dtype)
+            ass[()] = scalar
+            assert_array_equal(ass, cast)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("pyscalar", [10, 10.32, 10.14j, 10**100])
+    def test_pyscalar_subclasses(self, pyscalar):
+        """NumPy arrays are read/write which means that anything but invariant
+        behaviour is on thin ice.  However, we currently are happy to discover
+        subclasses of Python float, int, complex the same as the base classes.
+        This should potentially be deprecated.
+        """
+        class MyScalar(type(pyscalar)):
+            pass
+
+        res = np.array(MyScalar(pyscalar))
+        expected = np.array(pyscalar)
+        assert_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype_char", np.typecodes["All"])
+    def test_default_dtype_instance(self, dtype_char):
+        if dtype_char in "SU":
+            dtype = np.dtype(dtype_char + "1")
+        elif dtype_char == "V":
+            # Legacy behaviour was to use V8. The reason was float64 being the
+            # default dtype and that having 8 bytes.
+            dtype = np.dtype("V8")
+        else:
+            dtype = np.dtype(dtype_char)
+
+        discovered_dtype, _ = _discover_array_parameters([], type(dtype))
+
+        assert discovered_dtype == dtype
+        assert discovered_dtype.itemsize == dtype.itemsize
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["Integer"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["scalar", "error"],
+            [(np.float64(np.nan), ValueError),
+             (np.array(-1).astype(np.ulonglong)[()], OverflowError)])
+    def test_scalar_to_int_coerce_does_not_cast(self, dtype, scalar, error):
+        """
+        Signed integers are currently different in that they do not cast other
+        NumPy scalar, but instead use scalar.__int__(). The hardcoded
+        exception to this rule is `np.array(scalar, dtype=integer)`.
+        """
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+
+        # This is a special case using casting logic. It warns for the NaN
+        # but allows the cast (giving undefined behaviour).
+        with np.errstate(invalid="ignore"):
+            coerced = np.array(scalar, dtype=dtype)
+            cast = np.array(scalar).astype(dtype)
+        assert_array_equal(coerced, cast)
+
+        # However these fail:
+        with pytest.raises(error):
+            np.array([scalar], dtype=dtype)
+        with pytest.raises(error):
+            cast[()] = scalar
+
+
+class TestTimeScalars:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [np.int64, np.float32])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("scalar",
+            [param(np.timedelta64("NaT", "s"), id="timedelta64[s](NaT)"),
+             param(np.timedelta64(123, "s"), id="timedelta64[s]"),
+             param(np.datetime64("NaT", "generic"), id="datetime64[generic](NaT)"),
+             param(np.datetime64(1, "D"), id="datetime64[D]")],)
+    def test_coercion_basic(self, dtype, scalar):
+        # Note the `[scalar]` is there because np.array(scalar) uses stricter
+        # `scalar.__int__()` rules for backward compatibility right now.
+        arr = np.array(scalar, dtype=dtype)
+        cast = np.array(scalar).astype(dtype)
+        assert_array_equal(arr, cast)
+
+        ass = np.ones((), dtype=dtype)
+        if issubclass(dtype, np.integer):
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+                # raises, as would np.array([scalar], dtype=dtype), this is
+                # conversion from times, but behaviour of integers.
+                ass[()] = scalar
+        else:
+            ass[()] = scalar
+            assert_array_equal(ass, cast)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [np.int64, np.float32])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("scalar",
+            [param(np.timedelta64(123, "ns"), id="timedelta64[ns]"),
+             param(np.timedelta64(12, "generic"), id="timedelta64[generic]")])
+    def test_coercion_timedelta_convert_to_number(self, dtype, scalar):
+        # Only "ns" and "generic" timedeltas can be converted to numbers
+        # so these are slightly special.
+        arr = np.array(scalar, dtype=dtype)
+        cast = np.array(scalar).astype(dtype)
+        ass = np.ones((), dtype=dtype)
+        ass[()] = scalar  # raises, as would np.array([scalar], dtype=dtype)
+
+        assert_array_equal(arr, cast)
+        assert_array_equal(cast, cast)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ["S6", "U6"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["val", "unit"],
+            [param(123, "s", id="[s]"), param(123, "D", id="[D]")])
+    def test_coercion_assignment_datetime(self, val, unit, dtype):
+        # String from datetime64 assignment is currently special cased to
+        # never use casting.  This is because casting will error in this
+        # case, and traditionally in most cases the behaviour is maintained
+        # like this.  (`np.array(scalar, dtype="U6")` would have failed before)
+        # TODO: This discrepancy _should_ be resolved, either by relaxing the
+        #       cast, or by deprecating the first part.
+        scalar = np.datetime64(val, unit)
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+        cut_string = dtype.type(str(scalar)[:6])
+
+        arr = np.array(scalar, dtype=dtype)
+        assert arr[()] == cut_string
+        ass = np.ones((), dtype=dtype)
+        ass[()] = scalar
+        assert ass[()] == cut_string
+
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            # However, unlike the above assignment using `str(scalar)[:6]`
+            # due to being handled by the string DType and not be casting
+            # the explicit cast fails:
+            np.array(scalar).astype(dtype)
+
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["val", "unit"],
+            [param(123, "s", id="[s]"), param(123, "D", id="[D]")])
+    def test_coercion_assignment_timedelta(self, val, unit):
+        scalar = np.timedelta64(val, unit)
+
+        # Unlike datetime64, timedelta allows the unsafe cast:
+        np.array(scalar, dtype="S6")
+        cast = np.array(scalar).astype("S6")
+        ass = np.ones((), dtype="S6")
+        ass[()] = scalar
+        expected = scalar.astype("S")[:6]
+        assert cast[()] == expected
+        assert ass[()] == expected
+
+class TestNested:
+    def test_nested_simple(self):
+        initial = [1.2]
+        nested = initial
+        for i in range(np.MAXDIMS - 1):
+            nested = [nested]
+
+        arr = np.array(nested, dtype="float64")
+        assert arr.shape == (1,) * np.MAXDIMS
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.array([nested], dtype="float64")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=".*would exceed the maximum"):
+            np.array([nested])  # user must ask for `object` explicitly
+
+        arr = np.array([nested], dtype=object)
+        assert arr.dtype == np.dtype("O")
+        assert arr.shape == (1,) * np.MAXDIMS
+        assert arr.item() is initial
+
+    def test_pathological_self_containing(self):
+        # Test that this also works for two nested sequences
+        l = []
+        l.append(l)
+        arr = np.array([l, l, l], dtype=object)
+        assert arr.shape == (3,) + (1,) * (np.MAXDIMS - 1)
+
+        # Also check a ragged case:
+        arr = np.array([l, [None], l], dtype=object)
+        assert arr.shape == (3, 1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arraylike", arraylikes())
+    def test_nested_arraylikes(self, arraylike):
+        # We try storing an array like into an array, but the array-like
+        # will have too many dimensions.  This means the shape discovery
+        # decides that the array-like must be treated as an object (a special
+        # case of ragged discovery).  The result will be an array with one
+        # dimension less than the maximum dimensions, and the array being
+        # assigned to it (which does work for object or if `float(arraylike)`
+        # works).
+        initial = arraylike(np.ones((1, 1)))
+
+        nested = initial
+        for i in range(np.MAXDIMS - 1):
+            nested = [nested]
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=".*would exceed the maximum"):
+            # It will refuse to assign the array into
+            np.array(nested, dtype="float64")
+
+        # If this is object, we end up assigning a (1, 1) array into (1,)
+        # (due to running out of dimensions), this is currently supported but
+        # a special case which is not ideal.
+        arr = np.array(nested, dtype=object)
+        assert arr.shape == (1,) * np.MAXDIMS
+        assert arr.item() == np.array(initial).item()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arraylike", arraylikes())
+    def test_uneven_depth_ragged(self, arraylike):
+        arr = np.arange(4).reshape((2, 2))
+        arr = arraylike(arr)
+
+        # Array is ragged in the second dimension already:
+        out = np.array([arr, [arr]], dtype=object)
+        assert out.shape == (2,)
+        assert out[0] is arr
+        assert type(out[1]) is list
+
+        # Array is ragged in the third dimension:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            # This is a broadcast error during assignment, because
+            # the array shape would be (2, 2, 2) but `arr[0, 0] = arr` fails.
+            np.array([arr, [arr, arr]], dtype=object)
+
+    def test_empty_sequence(self):
+        arr = np.array([[], [1], [[1]]], dtype=object)
+        assert arr.shape == (3,)
+
+        # The empty sequence stops further dimension discovery, so the
+        # result shape will be (0,) which leads to an error during:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.array([[], np.empty((0, 1))], dtype=object)
+
+    def test_array_of_different_depths(self):
+        # When multiple arrays (or array-likes) are included in a
+        # sequences and have different depth, we currently discover
+        # as many dimensions as they share. (see also gh-17224)
+        arr = np.zeros((3, 2))
+        mismatch_first_dim = np.zeros((1, 2))
+        mismatch_second_dim = np.zeros((3, 3))
+
+        dtype, shape = _discover_array_parameters(
+            [arr, mismatch_second_dim], dtype=np.dtype("O"))
+        assert shape == (2, 3)
+
+        dtype, shape = _discover_array_parameters(
+            [arr, mismatch_first_dim], dtype=np.dtype("O"))
+        assert shape == (2,)
+        # The second case is currently supported because the arrays
+        # can be stored as objects:
+        res = np.asarray([arr, mismatch_first_dim], dtype=np.dtype("O"))
+        assert res[0] is arr
+        assert res[1] is mismatch_first_dim
+
+
+class TestBadSequences:
+    # These are tests for bad objects passed into `np.array`, in general
+    # these have undefined behaviour.  In the old code they partially worked
+    # when now they will fail.  We could (and maybe should) create a copy
+    # of all sequences to be safe against bad-actors.
+
+    def test_growing_list(self):
+        # List to coerce, `mylist` will append to it during coercion
+        obj = []
+        class mylist(list):
+            def __len__(self):
+                obj.append([1, 2])
+                return super().__len__()
+
+        obj.append(mylist([1, 2]))
+
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            np.array(obj)
+
+    # Note: We do not test a shrinking list.  These do very evil things
+    #       and the only way to fix them would be to copy all sequences.
+    #       (which may be a real option in the future).
+
+    def test_mutated_list(self):
+        # List to coerce, `mylist` will mutate the first element
+        obj = []
+        class mylist(list):
+            def __len__(self):
+                obj[0] = [2, 3]  # replace with a different list.
+                return super().__len__()
+
+        obj.append([2, 3])
+        obj.append(mylist([1, 2]))
+        # Does not crash:
+        np.array(obj)
+
+    def test_replace_0d_array(self):
+        # List to coerce, `mylist` will mutate the first element
+        obj = []
+        class baditem:
+            def __len__(self):
+                obj[0][0] = 2  # replace with a different list.
+                raise ValueError("not actually a sequence!")
+
+            def __getitem__(self):
+                pass
+
+        # Runs into a corner case in the new code, the `array(2)` is cached
+        # so replacing it invalidates the cache.
+        obj.append([np.array(2), baditem()])
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            np.array(obj)
+
+
+class TestArrayLikes:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arraylike", arraylikes())
+    def test_0d_object_special_case(self, arraylike):
+        arr = np.array(0.)
+        obj = arraylike(arr)
+        # A single array-like is always converted:
+        res = np.array(obj, dtype=object)
+        assert_array_equal(arr, res)
+
+        # But a single 0-D nested array-like never:
+        res = np.array([obj], dtype=object)
+        assert res[0] is obj
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arraylike", arraylikes())
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arr", [np.array(0.), np.arange(4)])
+    def test_object_assignment_special_case(self, arraylike, arr):
+        obj = arraylike(arr)
+        empty = np.arange(1, dtype=object)
+        empty[:] = [obj]
+        assert empty[0] is obj
+
+    def test_0d_generic_special_case(self):
+        class ArraySubclass(np.ndarray):
+            def __float__(self):
+                raise TypeError("e.g. quantities raise on this")
+
+        arr = np.array(0.)
+        obj = arr.view(ArraySubclass)
+        res = np.array(obj)
+        # The subclass is simply cast:
+        assert_array_equal(arr, res)
+
+        # If the 0-D array-like is included, __float__ is currently
+        # guaranteed to be used.  We may want to change that, quantities
+        # and masked arrays half make use of this.
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.array([obj])
+
+        # The same holds for memoryview:
+        obj = memoryview(arr)
+        res = np.array(obj)
+        assert_array_equal(arr, res)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            # The error type does not matter much here.
+            np.array([obj])
+
+    def test_arraylike_classes(self):
+        # The classes of array-likes should generally be acceptable to be
+        # stored inside a numpy (object) array.  This tests all of the
+        # special attributes (since all are checked during coercion).
+        arr = np.array(np.int64)
+        assert arr[()] is np.int64
+        arr = np.array([np.int64])
+        assert arr[0] is np.int64
+
+        # This also works for properties/unbound methods:
+        class ArrayLike:
+            @property
+            def __array_interface__(self):
+                pass
+
+            @property
+            def __array_struct__(self):
+                pass
+
+            def __array__(self):
+                pass
+
+        arr = np.array(ArrayLike)
+        assert arr[()] is ArrayLike
+        arr = np.array([ArrayLike])
+        assert arr[0] is ArrayLike
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+            np.dtype(np.intp).itemsize < 8, reason="Needs 64bit platform")
+    def test_too_large_array_error_paths(self):
+        """Test the error paths, including for memory leaks"""
+        arr = np.array(0, dtype="uint8")
+        # Guarantees that a contiguous copy won't work:
+        arr = np.broadcast_to(arr, 2**62)
+
+        for i in range(5):
+            # repeat, to ensure caching cannot have an effect:
+            with pytest.raises(MemoryError):
+                np.array(arr)
+            with pytest.raises(MemoryError):
+                np.array([arr])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("attribute",
+        ["__array_interface__", "__array__", "__array_struct__"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("error", [RecursionError, MemoryError])
+    def test_bad_array_like_attributes(self, attribute, error):
+        # RecursionError and MemoryError are considered fatal. All errors
+        # (except AttributeError) should probably be raised in the future,
+        # but shapely made use of it, so it will require a deprecation.
+
+        class BadInterface:
+            def __getattr__(self, attr):
+                if attr == attribute:
+                    raise error
+                super().__getattr__(attr)
+
+        with pytest.raises(error):
+            np.array(BadInterface())
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("error", [RecursionError, MemoryError])
+    def test_bad_array_like_bad_length(self, error):
+        # RecursionError and MemoryError are considered "critical" in
+        # sequences. We could expand this more generally though. (NumPy 1.20)
+        class BadSequence:
+            def __len__(self):
+                raise error
+            def __getitem__(self):
+                # must have getitem to be a Sequence
+                return 1
+
+        with pytest.raises(error):
+            np.array(BadSequence())
+
+
+class TestAsArray:
+    """Test expected behaviors of ``asarray``."""
+
+    def test_dtype_identity(self):
+        """Confirm the intended behavior for *dtype* kwarg.
+
+        The result of ``asarray()`` should have the dtype provided through the
+        keyword argument, when used. This forces unique array handles to be
+        produced for unique np.dtype objects, but (for equivalent dtypes), the
+        underlying data (the base object) is shared with the original array
+        object.
+
+        Ref https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/1468
+        """
+        int_array = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype='i')
+        assert np.asarray(int_array) is int_array
+
+        # The character code resolves to the singleton dtype object provided
+        # by the numpy package.
+        assert np.asarray(int_array, dtype='i') is int_array
+
+        # Derive a dtype from n.dtype('i'), but add a metadata object to force
+        # the dtype to be distinct.
+        unequal_type = np.dtype('i', metadata={'spam': True})
+        annotated_int_array = np.asarray(int_array, dtype=unequal_type)
+        assert annotated_int_array is not int_array
+        assert annotated_int_array.base is int_array
+        # Create an equivalent descriptor with a new and distinct dtype
+        # instance.
+        equivalent_requirement = np.dtype('i', metadata={'spam': True})
+        annotated_int_array_alt = np.asarray(annotated_int_array,
+                                             dtype=equivalent_requirement)
+        assert unequal_type == equivalent_requirement
+        assert unequal_type is not equivalent_requirement
+        assert annotated_int_array_alt is not annotated_int_array
+        assert annotated_int_array_alt.dtype is equivalent_requirement
+
+        # Check the same logic for a pair of C types whose equivalence may vary
+        # between computing environments.
+        # Find an equivalent pair.
+        integer_type_codes = ('i', 'l', 'q')
+        integer_dtypes = [np.dtype(code) for code in integer_type_codes]
+        typeA = None
+        typeB = None
+        for typeA, typeB in permutations(integer_dtypes, r=2):
+            if typeA == typeB:
+                assert typeA is not typeB
+                break
+        assert isinstance(typeA, np.dtype) and isinstance(typeB, np.dtype)
+
+        # These ``asarray()`` calls may produce a new view or a copy,
+        # but never the same object.
+        long_int_array = np.asarray(int_array, dtype='l')
+        long_long_int_array = np.asarray(int_array, dtype='q')
+        assert long_int_array is not int_array
+        assert long_long_int_array is not int_array
+        assert np.asarray(long_int_array, dtype='q') is not long_int_array
+        array_a = np.asarray(int_array, dtype=typeA)
+        assert typeA == typeB
+        assert typeA is not typeB
+        assert array_a.dtype is typeA
+        assert array_a is not np.asarray(array_a, dtype=typeB)
+        assert np.asarray(array_a, dtype=typeB).dtype is typeB
+        assert array_a is np.asarray(array_a, dtype=typeB).base
+
+
+class TestSpecialAttributeLookupFailure:
+    # An exception was raised while fetching the attribute
+
+    class WeirdArrayLike:
+        @property
+        def __array__(self):
+            raise RuntimeError("oops!")
+
+    class WeirdArrayInterface:
+        @property
+        def __array_interface__(self):
+            raise RuntimeError("oops!")
+
+    def test_deprecated(self):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            np.array(self.WeirdArrayLike())
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            np.array(self.WeirdArrayInterface())
+
+
+def test_subarray_from_array_construction():
+    # Arrays are more complex, since they "broadcast" on success:
+    arr = np.array([1, 2])
+
+    res = arr.astype("(2)i,")
+    assert_array_equal(res, [[1, 1], [2, 2]])
+
+    res = np.array(arr, dtype="(2)i,")
+
+    assert_array_equal(res, [[1, 1], [2, 2]])
+
+    res = np.array([[(1,), (2,)], arr], dtype="(2)i,")
+    assert_array_equal(res, [[[1, 1], [2, 2]], [[1, 1], [2, 2]]])
+
+    # Also try a multi-dimensional example:
+    arr = np.arange(5 * 2).reshape(5, 2)
+    expected = np.broadcast_to(arr[:, :, np.newaxis, np.newaxis], (5, 2, 2, 2))
+
+    res = arr.astype("(2,2)f")
+    assert_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+    res = np.array(arr, dtype="(2,2)f")
+    assert_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+
+def test_empty_string():
+    # Empty strings are unfortunately often converted to S1 and we need to
+    # make sure we are filling the S1 and not the (possibly) detected S0
+    # result.  This should likely just return S0 and if not maybe the decision
+    # to return S1 should be moved.
+    res = np.array([""] * 10, dtype="S")
+    assert_array_equal(res, np.array("\0", "S1"))
+    assert res.dtype == "S1"
+
+    arr = np.array([""] * 10, dtype=object)
+
+    res = arr.astype("S")
+    assert_array_equal(res, b"")
+    assert res.dtype == "S1"
+
+    res = np.array(arr, dtype="S")
+    assert_array_equal(res, b"")
+    # TODO: This is arguably weird/wrong, but seems old:
+    assert res.dtype == f"S{np.dtype('O').itemsize}"
+
+    res = np.array([[""] * 10, arr], dtype="S")
+    assert_array_equal(res, b"")
+    assert res.shape == (2, 10)
+    assert res.dtype == "S1"
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_array_interface.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_array_interface.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16c719c5a5b934dd9669a6f0c3f3692a9e83525e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_array_interface.py
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+import sys
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import extbuild
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def get_module(tmp_path):
+    """ Some codes to generate data and manage temporary buffers use when
+    sharing with numpy via the array interface protocol.
+    """
+
+    if not sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+        pytest.skip('link fails on cygwin')
+
+    prologue = '''
+        #include 
+        #define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION
+        #include 
+        #include 
+        #include 
+
+        NPY_NO_EXPORT
+        void delete_array_struct(PyObject *cap) {
+
+            /* get the array interface structure */
+            PyArrayInterface *inter = (PyArrayInterface*)
+                PyCapsule_GetPointer(cap, NULL);
+
+            /* get the buffer by which data was shared */
+            double *ptr = (double*)PyCapsule_GetContext(cap);
+
+            /* for the purposes of the regression test set the elements
+               to nan */
+            for (npy_intp i = 0; i < inter->shape[0]; ++i)
+                ptr[i] = nan("");
+
+            /* free the shared buffer */
+            free(ptr);
+
+            /* free the array interface structure */
+            free(inter->shape);
+            free(inter);
+
+            fprintf(stderr, "delete_array_struct\\ncap = %ld inter = %ld"
+                " ptr = %ld\\n", (long)cap, (long)inter, (long)ptr);
+        }
+        '''
+
+    functions = [
+        ("new_array_struct", "METH_VARARGS", """
+
+            long long n_elem = 0;
+            double value = 0.0;
+
+            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Ld", &n_elem, &value)) {
+                Py_RETURN_NONE;
+            }
+
+            /* allocate and initialize the data to share with numpy */
+            long long n_bytes = n_elem*sizeof(double);
+            double *data = (double*)malloc(n_bytes);
+
+            if (!data) {
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_MemoryError,
+                    "Failed to malloc %lld bytes", n_bytes);
+
+                Py_RETURN_NONE;
+            }
+
+            for (long long i = 0; i < n_elem; ++i) {
+                data[i] = value;
+            }
+
+            /* calculate the shape and stride */
+            int nd = 1;
+
+            npy_intp *ss = (npy_intp*)malloc(2*nd*sizeof(npy_intp));
+            npy_intp *shape = ss;
+            npy_intp *stride = ss + nd;
+
+            shape[0] = n_elem;
+            stride[0] = sizeof(double);
+
+            /* construct the array interface */
+            PyArrayInterface *inter = (PyArrayInterface*)
+                malloc(sizeof(PyArrayInterface));
+
+            memset(inter, 0, sizeof(PyArrayInterface));
+
+            inter->two = 2;
+            inter->nd = nd;
+            inter->typekind = 'f';
+            inter->itemsize = sizeof(double);
+            inter->shape = shape;
+            inter->strides = stride;
+            inter->data = data;
+            inter->flags = NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE | NPY_ARRAY_NOTSWAPPED |
+                           NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED | NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS;
+
+            /* package into a capsule */
+            PyObject *cap = PyCapsule_New(inter, NULL, delete_array_struct);
+
+            /* save the pointer to the data */
+            PyCapsule_SetContext(cap, data);
+
+            fprintf(stderr, "new_array_struct\\ncap = %ld inter = %ld"
+                " ptr = %ld\\n", (long)cap, (long)inter, (long)data);
+
+            return cap;
+        """)
+        ]
+
+    more_init = "import_array();"
+
+    try:
+        import array_interface_testing
+        return array_interface_testing
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    # if it does not exist, build and load it
+    return extbuild.build_and_import_extension('array_interface_testing',
+                                               functions,
+                                               prologue=prologue,
+                                               include_dirs=[np.get_include()],
+                                               build_dir=tmp_path,
+                                               more_init=more_init)
+
+
+# FIXME: numpy.testing.extbuild uses `numpy.distutils`, so this won't work on
+# Python 3.12 and up.
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info >= (3, 12), reason="no numpy.distutils")
+@pytest.mark.slow
+def test_cstruct(get_module):
+
+    class data_source:
+        """
+        This class is for testing the timing of the PyCapsule destructor
+        invoked when numpy release its reference to the shared data as part of
+        the numpy array interface protocol. If the PyCapsule destructor is
+        called early the shared data is freed and invalid memory accesses will
+        occur.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, size, value):
+            self.size = size
+            self.value = value
+
+        @property
+        def __array_struct__(self):
+            return get_module.new_array_struct(self.size, self.value)
+
+    # write to the same stream as the C code
+    stderr = sys.__stderr__
+
+    # used to validate the shared data.
+    expected_value = -3.1415
+    multiplier = -10000.0
+
+    # create some data to share with numpy via the array interface
+    # assign the data an expected value.
+    stderr.write(' ---- create an object to share data ---- \n')
+    buf = data_source(256, expected_value)
+    stderr.write(' ---- OK!\n\n')
+
+    # share the data
+    stderr.write(' ---- share data via the array interface protocol ---- \n')
+    arr = np.array(buf, copy=False)
+    stderr.write('arr.__array_interface___ = %s\n' % (
+                 str(arr.__array_interface__)))
+    stderr.write('arr.base = %s\n' % (str(arr.base)))
+    stderr.write(' ---- OK!\n\n')
+
+    # release the source of the shared data. this will not release the data
+    # that was shared with numpy, that is done in the PyCapsule destructor.
+    stderr.write(' ---- destroy the object that shared data ---- \n')
+    buf = None
+    stderr.write(' ---- OK!\n\n')
+
+    # check that we got the expected data. If the PyCapsule destructor we
+    # defined was prematurely called then this test will fail because our
+    # destructor sets the elements of the array to NaN before free'ing the
+    # buffer. Reading the values here may also cause a SEGV
+    assert np.allclose(arr, expected_value)
+
+    # read the data. If the PyCapsule destructor we defined was prematurely
+    # called then reading the values here may cause a SEGV and will be reported
+    # as invalid reads by valgrind
+    stderr.write(' ---- read shared data ---- \n')
+    stderr.write('arr = %s\n' % (str(arr)))
+    stderr.write(' ---- OK!\n\n')
+
+    # write to the shared buffer. If the shared data was prematurely deleted
+    # this will may cause a SEGV and valgrind will report invalid writes
+    stderr.write(' ---- modify shared data ---- \n')
+    arr *= multiplier
+    expected_value *= multiplier
+    stderr.write('arr.__array_interface___ = %s\n' % (
+                 str(arr.__array_interface__)))
+    stderr.write('arr.base = %s\n' % (str(arr.base)))
+    stderr.write(' ---- OK!\n\n')
+
+    # read the data. If the shared data was prematurely deleted this
+    # will may cause a SEGV and valgrind will report invalid reads
+    stderr.write(' ---- read modified shared data ---- \n')
+    stderr.write('arr = %s\n' % (str(arr)))
+    stderr.write(' ---- OK!\n\n')
+
+    # check that we got the expected data. If the PyCapsule destructor we
+    # defined was prematurely called then this test will fail because our
+    # destructor sets the elements of the array to NaN before free'ing the
+    # buffer. Reading the values here may also cause a SEGV
+    assert np.allclose(arr, expected_value)
+
+    # free the shared data, the PyCapsule destructor should run here
+    stderr.write(' ---- free shared data ---- \n')
+    arr = None
+    stderr.write(' ---- OK!\n\n')
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_arraymethod.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_arraymethod.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4fd4d555845aa9dddb42d86c4f4968f86d30014d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_arraymethod.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""
+This file tests the generic aspects of ArrayMethod.  At the time of writing
+this is private API, but when added, public API may be added here.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+import types
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import _get_castingimpl as get_castingimpl
+
+
+class TestResolveDescriptors:
+    # Test mainly error paths of the resolve_descriptors function,
+    # note that the `casting_unittests` tests exercise this non-error paths.
+
+    # Casting implementations are the main/only current user:
+    method = get_castingimpl(type(np.dtype("d")), type(np.dtype("f")))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("args", [
+        (True,),  # Not a tuple.
+        ((None,)),  # Too few elements
+        ((None, None, None),),  # Too many
+        ((None, None),),  # Input dtype is None, which is invalid.
+        ((np.dtype("d"), True),),  # Output dtype is not a dtype
+        ((np.dtype("f"), None),),  # Input dtype does not match method
+    ])
+    def test_invalid_arguments(self, args):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            self.method._resolve_descriptors(*args)
+
+
+class TestSimpleStridedCall:
+    # Test mainly error paths of the resolve_descriptors function,
+    # note that the `casting_unittests` tests exercise this non-error paths.
+
+    # Casting implementations are the main/only current user:
+    method = get_castingimpl(type(np.dtype("d")), type(np.dtype("f")))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["args", "error"], [
+        ((True,), TypeError),  # Not a tuple
+        (((None,),), TypeError),  # Too few elements
+        ((None, None), TypeError),  # Inputs are not arrays.
+        (((None, None, None),), TypeError),  # Too many
+        (((np.arange(3), np.arange(3)),), TypeError),  # Incorrect dtypes
+        (((np.ones(3, dtype=">d"), np.ones(3, dtype=" None:
+        """Test `ndarray.__class_getitem__`."""
+        alias = cls[Any, Any]
+        assert isinstance(alias, types.GenericAlias)
+        assert alias.__origin__ is cls
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arg_len", range(4))
+    def test_subscript_tup(self, cls: type[np.ndarray], arg_len: int) -> None:
+        arg_tup = (Any,) * arg_len
+        if arg_len in (1, 2):
+            assert cls[arg_tup]
+        else:
+            match = f"Too {'few' if arg_len == 0 else 'many'} arguments"
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=match):
+                cls[arg_tup]
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_arrayprint.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_arrayprint.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6796b40777fef85e951cb5b6994471f7e64f7e52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_arrayprint.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1047 @@
+import sys
+import gc
+from hypothesis import given
+from hypothesis.extra import numpy as hynp
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_warns, HAS_REFCOUNT,
+    assert_raises_regex,
+    )
+from numpy.core.arrayprint import _typelessdata
+import textwrap
+
+class TestArrayRepr:
+    def test_nan_inf(self):
+        x = np.array([np.nan, np.inf])
+        assert_equal(repr(x), 'array([nan, inf])')
+
+    def test_subclass(self):
+        class sub(np.ndarray): pass
+
+        # one dimensional
+        x1d = np.array([1, 2]).view(sub)
+        assert_equal(repr(x1d), 'sub([1, 2])')
+
+        # two dimensional
+        x2d = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]).view(sub)
+        assert_equal(repr(x2d),
+            'sub([[1, 2],\n'
+            '     [3, 4]])')
+
+        # two dimensional with flexible dtype
+        xstruct = np.ones((2,2), dtype=[('a', ' 1)
+        y = sub(None)
+        x[()] = y
+        y[()] = x
+        assert_equal(repr(x),
+            'sub(sub(sub(..., dtype=object), dtype=object), dtype=object)')
+        assert_equal(str(x), '...')
+        x[()] = 0  # resolve circular references for garbage collector
+
+        # nested 0d-subclass-object
+        x = sub(None)
+        x[()] = sub(None)
+        assert_equal(repr(x), 'sub(sub(None, dtype=object), dtype=object)')
+        assert_equal(str(x), 'None')
+
+        # gh-10663
+        class DuckCounter(np.ndarray):
+            def __getitem__(self, item):
+                result = super().__getitem__(item)
+                if not isinstance(result, DuckCounter):
+                    result = result[...].view(DuckCounter)
+                return result
+
+            def to_string(self):
+                return {0: 'zero', 1: 'one', 2: 'two'}.get(self.item(), 'many')
+
+            def __str__(self):
+                if self.shape == ():
+                    return self.to_string()
+                else:
+                    fmt = {'all': lambda x: x.to_string()}
+                    return np.array2string(self, formatter=fmt)
+
+        dc = np.arange(5).view(DuckCounter)
+        assert_equal(str(dc), "[zero one two many many]")
+        assert_equal(str(dc[0]), "zero")
+
+    def test_self_containing(self):
+        arr0d = np.array(None)
+        arr0d[()] = arr0d
+        assert_equal(repr(arr0d),
+            'array(array(..., dtype=object), dtype=object)')
+        arr0d[()] = 0  # resolve recursion for garbage collector
+
+        arr1d = np.array([None, None])
+        arr1d[1] = arr1d
+        assert_equal(repr(arr1d),
+            'array([None, array(..., dtype=object)], dtype=object)')
+        arr1d[1] = 0  # resolve recursion for garbage collector
+
+        first = np.array(None)
+        second = np.array(None)
+        first[()] = second
+        second[()] = first
+        assert_equal(repr(first),
+            'array(array(array(..., dtype=object), dtype=object), dtype=object)')
+        first[()] = 0  # resolve circular references for garbage collector
+
+    def test_containing_list(self):
+        # printing square brackets directly would be ambiguuous
+        arr1d = np.array([None, None])
+        arr1d[0] = [1, 2]
+        arr1d[1] = [3]
+        assert_equal(repr(arr1d),
+            'array([list([1, 2]), list([3])], dtype=object)')
+
+    def test_void_scalar_recursion(self):
+        # gh-9345
+        repr(np.void(b'test'))  # RecursionError ?
+
+    def test_fieldless_structured(self):
+        # gh-10366
+        no_fields = np.dtype([])
+        arr_no_fields = np.empty(4, dtype=no_fields)
+        assert_equal(repr(arr_no_fields), 'array([(), (), (), ()], dtype=[])')
+
+
+class TestComplexArray:
+    def test_str(self):
+        rvals = [0, 1, -1, np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan]
+        cvals = [complex(rp, ip) for rp in rvals for ip in rvals]
+        dtypes = [np.complex64, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble]
+        actual = [str(np.array([c], dt)) for c in cvals for dt in dtypes]
+        wanted = [
+            '[0.+0.j]',    '[0.+0.j]',    '[0.+0.j]',
+            '[0.+1.j]',    '[0.+1.j]',    '[0.+1.j]',
+            '[0.-1.j]',    '[0.-1.j]',    '[0.-1.j]',
+            '[0.+infj]',   '[0.+infj]',   '[0.+infj]',
+            '[0.-infj]',   '[0.-infj]',   '[0.-infj]',
+            '[0.+nanj]',   '[0.+nanj]',   '[0.+nanj]',
+            '[1.+0.j]',    '[1.+0.j]',    '[1.+0.j]',
+            '[1.+1.j]',    '[1.+1.j]',    '[1.+1.j]',
+            '[1.-1.j]',    '[1.-1.j]',    '[1.-1.j]',
+            '[1.+infj]',   '[1.+infj]',   '[1.+infj]',
+            '[1.-infj]',   '[1.-infj]',   '[1.-infj]',
+            '[1.+nanj]',   '[1.+nanj]',   '[1.+nanj]',
+            '[-1.+0.j]',   '[-1.+0.j]',   '[-1.+0.j]',
+            '[-1.+1.j]',   '[-1.+1.j]',   '[-1.+1.j]',
+            '[-1.-1.j]',   '[-1.-1.j]',   '[-1.-1.j]',
+            '[-1.+infj]',  '[-1.+infj]',  '[-1.+infj]',
+            '[-1.-infj]',  '[-1.-infj]',  '[-1.-infj]',
+            '[-1.+nanj]',  '[-1.+nanj]',  '[-1.+nanj]',
+            '[inf+0.j]',   '[inf+0.j]',   '[inf+0.j]',
+            '[inf+1.j]',   '[inf+1.j]',   '[inf+1.j]',
+            '[inf-1.j]',   '[inf-1.j]',   '[inf-1.j]',
+            '[inf+infj]',  '[inf+infj]',  '[inf+infj]',
+            '[inf-infj]',  '[inf-infj]',  '[inf-infj]',
+            '[inf+nanj]',  '[inf+nanj]',  '[inf+nanj]',
+            '[-inf+0.j]',  '[-inf+0.j]',  '[-inf+0.j]',
+            '[-inf+1.j]',  '[-inf+1.j]',  '[-inf+1.j]',
+            '[-inf-1.j]',  '[-inf-1.j]',  '[-inf-1.j]',
+            '[-inf+infj]', '[-inf+infj]', '[-inf+infj]',
+            '[-inf-infj]', '[-inf-infj]', '[-inf-infj]',
+            '[-inf+nanj]', '[-inf+nanj]', '[-inf+nanj]',
+            '[nan+0.j]',   '[nan+0.j]',   '[nan+0.j]',
+            '[nan+1.j]',   '[nan+1.j]',   '[nan+1.j]',
+            '[nan-1.j]',   '[nan-1.j]',   '[nan-1.j]',
+            '[nan+infj]',  '[nan+infj]',  '[nan+infj]',
+            '[nan-infj]',  '[nan-infj]',  '[nan-infj]',
+            '[nan+nanj]',  '[nan+nanj]',  '[nan+nanj]']
+
+        for res, val in zip(actual, wanted):
+            assert_equal(res, val)
+
+class TestArray2String:
+    def test_basic(self):
+        """Basic test of array2string."""
+        a = np.arange(3)
+        assert_(np.array2string(a) == '[0 1 2]')
+        assert_(np.array2string(a, max_line_width=4, legacy='1.13') == '[0 1\n 2]')
+        assert_(np.array2string(a, max_line_width=4) == '[0\n 1\n 2]')
+
+    def test_unexpected_kwarg(self):
+        # ensure than an appropriate TypeError
+        # is raised when array2string receives
+        # an unexpected kwarg
+
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, 'nonsense'):
+            np.array2string(np.array([1, 2, 3]),
+                            nonsense=None)
+
+    def test_format_function(self):
+        """Test custom format function for each element in array."""
+        def _format_function(x):
+            if np.abs(x) < 1:
+                return '.'
+            elif np.abs(x) < 2:
+                return 'o'
+            else:
+                return 'O'
+
+        x = np.arange(3)
+        x_hex = "[0x0 0x1 0x2]"
+        x_oct = "[0o0 0o1 0o2]"
+        assert_(np.array2string(x, formatter={'all':_format_function}) ==
+                "[. o O]")
+        assert_(np.array2string(x, formatter={'int_kind':_format_function}) ==
+                "[. o O]")
+        assert_(np.array2string(x, formatter={'all':lambda x: "%.4f" % x}) ==
+                "[0.0000 1.0000 2.0000]")
+        assert_equal(np.array2string(x, formatter={'int':lambda x: hex(x)}),
+                x_hex)
+        assert_equal(np.array2string(x, formatter={'int':lambda x: oct(x)}),
+                x_oct)
+
+        x = np.arange(3.)
+        assert_(np.array2string(x, formatter={'float_kind':lambda x: "%.2f" % x}) ==
+                "[0.00 1.00 2.00]")
+        assert_(np.array2string(x, formatter={'float':lambda x: "%.2f" % x}) ==
+                "[0.00 1.00 2.00]")
+
+        s = np.array(['abc', 'def'])
+        assert_(np.array2string(s, formatter={'numpystr':lambda s: s*2}) ==
+                '[abcabc defdef]')
+
+    def test_structure_format_mixed(self):
+        dt = np.dtype([('name', np.str_, 16), ('grades', np.float64, (2,))])
+        x = np.array([('Sarah', (8.0, 7.0)), ('John', (6.0, 7.0))], dtype=dt)
+        assert_equal(np.array2string(x),
+                "[('Sarah', [8., 7.]) ('John', [6., 7.])]")
+
+        np.set_printoptions(legacy='1.13')
+        try:
+            # for issue #5692
+            A = np.zeros(shape=10, dtype=[("A", "M8[s]")])
+            A[5:].fill(np.datetime64('NaT'))
+            assert_equal(
+                np.array2string(A),
+                textwrap.dedent("""\
+                [('1970-01-01T00:00:00',) ('1970-01-01T00:00:00',) ('1970-01-01T00:00:00',)
+                 ('1970-01-01T00:00:00',) ('1970-01-01T00:00:00',) ('NaT',) ('NaT',)
+                 ('NaT',) ('NaT',) ('NaT',)]""")
+            )
+        finally:
+            np.set_printoptions(legacy=False)
+
+        # same again, but with non-legacy behavior
+        assert_equal(
+            np.array2string(A),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            [('1970-01-01T00:00:00',) ('1970-01-01T00:00:00',)
+             ('1970-01-01T00:00:00',) ('1970-01-01T00:00:00',)
+             ('1970-01-01T00:00:00',) (                'NaT',)
+             (                'NaT',) (                'NaT',)
+             (                'NaT',) (                'NaT',)]""")
+        )
+
+        # and again, with timedeltas
+        A = np.full(10, 123456, dtype=[("A", "m8[s]")])
+        A[5:].fill(np.datetime64('NaT'))
+        assert_equal(
+            np.array2string(A),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            [(123456,) (123456,) (123456,) (123456,) (123456,) ( 'NaT',) ( 'NaT',)
+             ( 'NaT',) ( 'NaT',) ( 'NaT',)]""")
+        )
+
+    def test_structure_format_int(self):
+        # See #8160
+        struct_int = np.array([([1, -1],), ([123, 1],)], dtype=[('B', 'i4', 2)])
+        assert_equal(np.array2string(struct_int),
+                "[([  1,  -1],) ([123,   1],)]")
+        struct_2dint = np.array([([[0, 1], [2, 3]],), ([[12, 0], [0, 0]],)],
+                dtype=[('B', 'i4', (2, 2))])
+        assert_equal(np.array2string(struct_2dint),
+                "[([[ 0,  1], [ 2,  3]],) ([[12,  0], [ 0,  0]],)]")
+
+    def test_structure_format_float(self):
+        # See #8172
+        array_scalar = np.array(
+                (1., 2.1234567890123456789, 3.), dtype=('f8,f8,f8'))
+        assert_equal(np.array2string(array_scalar), "(1., 2.12345679, 3.)")
+
+    def test_unstructured_void_repr(self):
+        a = np.array([27, 91, 50, 75,  7, 65, 10,  8,
+                      27, 91, 51, 49,109, 82,101,100], dtype='u1').view('V8')
+        assert_equal(repr(a[0]), r"void(b'\x1B\x5B\x32\x4B\x07\x41\x0A\x08')")
+        assert_equal(str(a[0]), r"b'\x1B\x5B\x32\x4B\x07\x41\x0A\x08'")
+        assert_equal(repr(a),
+            r"array([b'\x1B\x5B\x32\x4B\x07\x41\x0A\x08'," "\n"
+            r"       b'\x1B\x5B\x33\x31\x6D\x52\x65\x64'], dtype='|V8')")
+
+        assert_equal(eval(repr(a), vars(np)), a)
+        assert_equal(eval(repr(a[0]), vars(np)), a[0])
+
+    def test_edgeitems_kwarg(self):
+        # previously the global print options would be taken over the kwarg
+        arr = np.zeros(3, int)
+        assert_equal(
+            np.array2string(arr, edgeitems=1, threshold=0),
+            "[0 ... 0]"
+        )
+
+    def test_summarize_1d(self):
+        A = np.arange(1001)
+        strA = '[   0    1    2 ...  998  999 1000]'
+        assert_equal(str(A), strA)
+
+        reprA = 'array([   0,    1,    2, ...,  998,  999, 1000])'
+        assert_equal(repr(A), reprA)
+
+    def test_summarize_2d(self):
+        A = np.arange(1002).reshape(2, 501)
+        strA = '[[   0    1    2 ...  498  499  500]\n' \
+               ' [ 501  502  503 ...  999 1000 1001]]'
+        assert_equal(str(A), strA)
+
+        reprA = 'array([[   0,    1,    2, ...,  498,  499,  500],\n' \
+                '       [ 501,  502,  503, ...,  999, 1000, 1001]])'
+        assert_equal(repr(A), reprA)
+
+    def test_summarize_structure(self):
+        A = (np.arange(2002, dtype="i8", (2, 1001))])
+        strB = "[([[1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1]],)]"
+        assert_equal(str(B), strB)
+
+        reprB = (
+            "array([([[1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1]],)],\n"
+            "      dtype=[('i', '>i8', (2, 1001))])"
+        )
+        assert_equal(repr(B), reprB)
+
+        C = (np.arange(22, dtype=" 1:
+            # if the type is >1 byte, the non-native endian version
+            # must show endianness.
+            assert non_native_repr != native_repr
+            assert f"dtype='{non_native_dtype.byteorder}" in non_native_repr
+
+    def test_linewidth_repr(self):
+        a = np.full(7, fill_value=2)
+        np.set_printoptions(linewidth=17)
+        assert_equal(
+            repr(a),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            array([2, 2, 2,
+                   2, 2, 2,
+                   2])""")
+        )
+        np.set_printoptions(linewidth=17, legacy='1.13')
+        assert_equal(
+            repr(a),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            array([2, 2, 2,
+                   2, 2, 2, 2])""")
+        )
+
+        a = np.full(8, fill_value=2)
+
+        np.set_printoptions(linewidth=18, legacy=False)
+        assert_equal(
+            repr(a),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            array([2, 2, 2,
+                   2, 2, 2,
+                   2, 2])""")
+        )
+
+        np.set_printoptions(linewidth=18, legacy='1.13')
+        assert_equal(
+            repr(a),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            array([2, 2, 2, 2,
+                   2, 2, 2, 2])""")
+        )
+
+    def test_linewidth_str(self):
+        a = np.full(18, fill_value=2)
+        np.set_printoptions(linewidth=18)
+        assert_equal(
+            str(a),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            [2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+             2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+             2 2]""")
+        )
+        np.set_printoptions(linewidth=18, legacy='1.13')
+        assert_equal(
+            str(a),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            [2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+             2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2]""")
+        )
+
+    def test_edgeitems(self):
+        np.set_printoptions(edgeitems=1, threshold=1)
+        a = np.arange(27).reshape((3, 3, 3))
+        assert_equal(
+            repr(a),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            array([[[ 0, ...,  2],
+                    ...,
+                    [ 6, ...,  8]],
+
+                   ...,
+
+                   [[18, ..., 20],
+                    ...,
+                    [24, ..., 26]]])""")
+        )
+
+        b = np.zeros((3, 3, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(
+            repr(b),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            array([[[[0.]],
+
+                    ...,
+
+                    [[0.]]],
+
+
+                   ...,
+
+
+                   [[[0.]],
+
+                    ...,
+
+                    [[0.]]]])""")
+        )
+
+        # 1.13 had extra trailing spaces, and was missing newlines
+        np.set_printoptions(legacy='1.13')
+
+        assert_equal(
+            repr(a),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            array([[[ 0, ...,  2],
+                    ..., 
+                    [ 6, ...,  8]],
+
+                   ..., 
+                   [[18, ..., 20],
+                    ..., 
+                    [24, ..., 26]]])""")
+        )
+
+        assert_equal(
+            repr(b),
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+            array([[[[ 0.]],
+
+                    ..., 
+                    [[ 0.]]],
+
+
+                   ..., 
+                   [[[ 0.]],
+
+                    ..., 
+                    [[ 0.]]]])""")
+        )
+
+    def test_edgeitems_structured(self):
+        np.set_printoptions(edgeitems=1, threshold=1)
+        A = np.arange(5*2*3, dtype=" np.finfo("f8").max:
+        yield param(np.finfo(np.longdouble).max, "float64",
+                    id="longdouble-to-f8")
+
+    # Cast to complex32:
+    yield param(2e300, "complex64", id="float-to-c8")
+    yield param(2e300+0j, "complex64", id="complex-to-c8")
+    yield param(2e300j, "complex64", id="complex-to-c8")
+    yield param(np.longdouble(2e300), "complex64", id="longdouble-to-c8")
+
+    # Invalid float to integer casts:
+    with np.errstate(over="ignore"):
+        for to_dt in np.typecodes["AllInteger"]:
+            for value in [np.inf, np.nan]:
+                for from_dt in np.typecodes["AllFloat"]:
+                    from_dt = np.dtype(from_dt)
+                    from_val = from_dt.type(value)
+
+                    yield param(from_val, to_dt, id=f"{from_val}-to-{to_dt}")
+
+
+def check_operations(dtype, value):
+    """
+    There are many dedicated paths in NumPy which cast and should check for
+    floating point errors which occurred during those casts.
+    """
+    if dtype.kind != 'i':
+        # These assignments use the stricter setitem logic:
+        def assignment():
+            arr = np.empty(3, dtype=dtype)
+            arr[0] = value
+
+        yield assignment
+
+        def fill():
+            arr = np.empty(3, dtype=dtype)
+            arr.fill(value)
+
+        yield fill
+
+    def copyto_scalar():
+        arr = np.empty(3, dtype=dtype)
+        np.copyto(arr, value, casting="unsafe")
+
+    yield copyto_scalar
+
+    def copyto():
+        arr = np.empty(3, dtype=dtype)
+        np.copyto(arr, np.array([value, value, value]), casting="unsafe")
+
+    yield copyto
+
+    def copyto_scalar_masked():
+        arr = np.empty(3, dtype=dtype)
+        np.copyto(arr, value, casting="unsafe",
+                  where=[True, False, True])
+
+    yield copyto_scalar_masked
+
+    def copyto_masked():
+        arr = np.empty(3, dtype=dtype)
+        np.copyto(arr, np.array([value, value, value]), casting="unsafe",
+                  where=[True, False, True])
+
+    yield copyto_masked
+
+    def direct_cast():
+        np.array([value, value, value]).astype(dtype)
+
+    yield direct_cast
+
+    def direct_cast_nd_strided():
+        arr = np.full((5, 5, 5), fill_value=value)[:, ::2, :]
+        arr.astype(dtype)
+
+    yield direct_cast_nd_strided
+
+    def boolean_array_assignment():
+        arr = np.empty(3, dtype=dtype)
+        arr[[True, False, True]] = np.array([value, value])
+
+    yield boolean_array_assignment
+
+    def integer_array_assignment():
+        arr = np.empty(3, dtype=dtype)
+        values = np.array([value, value])
+
+        arr[[0, 1]] = values
+
+    yield integer_array_assignment
+
+    def integer_array_assignment_with_subspace():
+        arr = np.empty((5, 3), dtype=dtype)
+        values = np.array([value, value, value])
+
+        arr[[0, 2]] = values
+
+    yield integer_array_assignment_with_subspace
+
+    def flat_assignment():
+        arr = np.empty((3,), dtype=dtype)
+        values = np.array([value, value, value])
+        arr.flat[:] = values
+
+    yield flat_assignment
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="no wasm fp exception support")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["value", "dtype"], values_and_dtypes())
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::numpy.ComplexWarning")
+def test_floatingpoint_errors_casting(dtype, value):
+    dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+    for operation in check_operations(dtype, value):
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+
+        match = "invalid" if dtype.kind in 'iu' else "overflow"
+        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match=match):
+            operation()
+
+        with np.errstate(all="raise"):
+            with pytest.raises(FloatingPointError, match=match):
+                operation()
+
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_casting_unittests.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_casting_unittests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a49d876d410b256dd93407ef3b778853cafc693e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_casting_unittests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,819 @@
+"""
+The tests exercise the casting machinery in a more low-level manner.
+The reason is mostly to test a new implementation of the casting machinery.
+
+Unlike most tests in NumPy, these are closer to unit-tests rather
+than integration tests.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+import textwrap
+import enum
+import random
+import ctypes
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.lib.stride_tricks import as_strided
+
+from numpy.testing import assert_array_equal
+from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import _get_castingimpl as get_castingimpl
+
+
+# Simple skips object, parametric and long double (unsupported by struct)
+simple_dtypes = "?bhilqBHILQefdFD"
+if np.dtype("l").itemsize != np.dtype("q").itemsize:
+    # Remove l and L, the table was generated with 64bit linux in mind.
+    simple_dtypes = simple_dtypes.replace("l", "").replace("L", "")
+simple_dtypes = [type(np.dtype(c)) for c in simple_dtypes]
+
+
+def simple_dtype_instances():
+    for dtype_class in simple_dtypes:
+        dt = dtype_class()
+        yield pytest.param(dt, id=str(dt))
+        if dt.byteorder != "|":
+            dt = dt.newbyteorder()
+            yield pytest.param(dt, id=str(dt))
+
+
+def get_expected_stringlength(dtype):
+    """Returns the string length when casting the basic dtypes to strings.
+    """
+    if dtype == np.bool_:
+        return 5
+    if dtype.kind in "iu":
+        if dtype.itemsize == 1:
+            length = 3
+        elif dtype.itemsize == 2:
+            length = 5
+        elif dtype.itemsize == 4:
+            length = 10
+        elif dtype.itemsize == 8:
+            length = 20
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError(f"did not find expected length for {dtype}")
+
+        if dtype.kind == "i":
+            length += 1  # adds one character for the sign
+
+        return length
+
+    # Note: Can't do dtype comparison for longdouble on windows
+    if dtype.char == "g":
+        return 48
+    elif dtype.char == "G":
+        return 48 * 2
+    elif dtype.kind == "f":
+        return 32  # also for half apparently.
+    elif dtype.kind == "c":
+        return 32 * 2
+
+    raise AssertionError(f"did not find expected length for {dtype}")
+
+
+class Casting(enum.IntEnum):
+    no = 0
+    equiv = 1
+    safe = 2
+    same_kind = 3
+    unsafe = 4
+
+
+def _get_cancast_table():
+    table = textwrap.dedent("""
+        X ? b h i l q B H I L Q e f d g F D G S U V O M m
+        ? # = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = . =
+        b . # = = = = . . . . . = = = = = = = = = = = . =
+        h . ~ # = = = . . . . . ~ = = = = = = = = = = . =
+        i . ~ ~ # = = . . . . . ~ ~ = = ~ = = = = = = . =
+        l . ~ ~ ~ # # . . . . . ~ ~ = = ~ = = = = = = . =
+        q . ~ ~ ~ # # . . . . . ~ ~ = = ~ = = = = = = . =
+        B . ~ = = = = # = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = . =
+        H . ~ ~ = = = ~ # = = = ~ = = = = = = = = = = . =
+        I . ~ ~ ~ = = ~ ~ # = = ~ ~ = = ~ = = = = = = . =
+        L . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ # # ~ ~ = = ~ = = = = = = . ~
+        Q . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ # # ~ ~ = = ~ = = = = = = . ~
+        e . . . . . . . . . . . # = = = = = = = = = = . .
+        f . . . . . . . . . . . ~ # = = = = = = = = = . .
+        d . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ~ # = ~ = = = = = = . .
+        g . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ~ ~ # ~ ~ = = = = = . .
+        F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . # = = = = = = . .
+        D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ # = = = = = . .
+        G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ~ # = = = = . .
+        S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . # = = = . .
+        U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . # = = . .
+        V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . # = . .
+        O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = # . .
+        M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = = # .
+        m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = = . #
+        """).strip().split("\n")
+    dtypes = [type(np.dtype(c)) for c in table[0][2::2]]
+
+    convert_cast = {".": Casting.unsafe, "~": Casting.same_kind,
+                    "=": Casting.safe, "#": Casting.equiv,
+                    " ": -1}
+
+    cancast = {}
+    for from_dt, row in zip(dtypes, table[1:]):
+        cancast[from_dt] = {}
+        for to_dt, c in zip(dtypes, row[2::2]):
+            cancast[from_dt][to_dt] = convert_cast[c]
+
+    return cancast
+
+CAST_TABLE = _get_cancast_table()
+
+
+class TestChanges:
+    """
+    These test cases exercise some behaviour changes
+    """
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("string", ["S", "U"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("floating", ["e", "f", "d", "g"])
+    def test_float_to_string(self, floating, string):
+        assert np.can_cast(floating, string)
+        # 100 is long enough to hold any formatted floating
+        assert np.can_cast(floating, f"{string}100")
+
+    def test_to_void(self):
+        # But in general, we do consider these safe:
+        assert np.can_cast("d", "V")
+        assert np.can_cast("S20", "V")
+
+        # Do not consider it a safe cast if the void is too smaller:
+        assert not np.can_cast("d", "V1")
+        assert not np.can_cast("S20", "V1")
+        assert not np.can_cast("U1", "V1")
+        # Structured to unstructured is just like any other:
+        assert np.can_cast("d,i", "V", casting="same_kind")
+        # Unstructured void to unstructured is actually no cast at all:
+        assert np.can_cast("V3", "V", casting="no")
+        assert np.can_cast("V0", "V", casting="no")
+
+
+class TestCasting:
+    size = 1500  # Best larger than NPY_LOWLEVEL_BUFFER_BLOCKSIZE * itemsize
+
+    def get_data(self, dtype1, dtype2):
+        if dtype2 is None or dtype1.itemsize >= dtype2.itemsize:
+            length = self.size // dtype1.itemsize
+        else:
+            length = self.size // dtype2.itemsize
+
+        # Assume that the base array is well enough aligned for all inputs.
+        arr1 = np.empty(length, dtype=dtype1)
+        assert arr1.flags.c_contiguous
+        assert arr1.flags.aligned
+
+        values = [random.randrange(-128, 128) for _ in range(length)]
+
+        for i, value in enumerate(values):
+            # Use item assignment to ensure this is not using casting:
+            if value < 0 and dtype1.kind == "u":
+                # Manually rollover unsigned integers (-1 -> int.max)
+                value = value + np.iinfo(dtype1).max + 1
+            arr1[i] = value
+
+        if dtype2 is None:
+            if dtype1.char == "?":
+                values = [bool(v) for v in values]
+            return arr1, values
+
+        if dtype2.char == "?":
+            values = [bool(v) for v in values]
+
+        arr2 = np.empty(length, dtype=dtype2)
+        assert arr2.flags.c_contiguous
+        assert arr2.flags.aligned
+
+        for i, value in enumerate(values):
+            # Use item assignment to ensure this is not using casting:
+            if value < 0 and dtype2.kind == "u":
+                # Manually rollover unsigned integers (-1 -> int.max)
+                value = value + np.iinfo(dtype2).max + 1
+            arr2[i] = value
+
+        return arr1, arr2, values
+
+    def get_data_variation(self, arr1, arr2, aligned=True, contig=True):
+        """
+        Returns a copy of arr1 that may be non-contiguous or unaligned, and a
+        matching array for arr2 (although not a copy).
+        """
+        if contig:
+            stride1 = arr1.dtype.itemsize
+            stride2 = arr2.dtype.itemsize
+        elif aligned:
+            stride1 = 2 * arr1.dtype.itemsize
+            stride2 = 2 * arr2.dtype.itemsize
+        else:
+            stride1 = arr1.dtype.itemsize + 1
+            stride2 = arr2.dtype.itemsize + 1
+
+        max_size1 = len(arr1) * 3 * arr1.dtype.itemsize + 1
+        max_size2 = len(arr2) * 3 * arr2.dtype.itemsize + 1
+        from_bytes = np.zeros(max_size1, dtype=np.uint8)
+        to_bytes = np.zeros(max_size2, dtype=np.uint8)
+
+        # Sanity check that the above is large enough:
+        assert stride1 * len(arr1) <= from_bytes.nbytes
+        assert stride2 * len(arr2) <= to_bytes.nbytes
+
+        if aligned:
+            new1 = as_strided(from_bytes[:-1].view(arr1.dtype),
+                              arr1.shape, (stride1,))
+            new2 = as_strided(to_bytes[:-1].view(arr2.dtype),
+                              arr2.shape, (stride2,))
+        else:
+            new1 = as_strided(from_bytes[1:].view(arr1.dtype),
+                              arr1.shape, (stride1,))
+            new2 = as_strided(to_bytes[1:].view(arr2.dtype),
+                              arr2.shape, (stride2,))
+
+        new1[...] = arr1
+
+        if not contig:
+            # Ensure we did not overwrite bytes that should not be written:
+            offset = arr1.dtype.itemsize if aligned else 0
+            buf = from_bytes[offset::stride1].tobytes()
+            assert buf.count(b"\0") == len(buf)
+
+        if contig:
+            assert new1.flags.c_contiguous
+            assert new2.flags.c_contiguous
+        else:
+            assert not new1.flags.c_contiguous
+            assert not new2.flags.c_contiguous
+
+        if aligned:
+            assert new1.flags.aligned
+            assert new2.flags.aligned
+        else:
+            assert not new1.flags.aligned or new1.dtype.alignment == 1
+            assert not new2.flags.aligned or new2.dtype.alignment == 1
+
+        return new1, new2
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("from_Dt", simple_dtypes)
+    def test_simple_cancast(self, from_Dt):
+        for to_Dt in simple_dtypes:
+            cast = get_castingimpl(from_Dt, to_Dt)
+
+            for from_dt in [from_Dt(), from_Dt().newbyteorder()]:
+                default = cast._resolve_descriptors((from_dt, None))[1][1]
+                assert default == to_Dt()
+                del default
+
+                for to_dt in [to_Dt(), to_Dt().newbyteorder()]:
+                    casting, (from_res, to_res), view_off = (
+                            cast._resolve_descriptors((from_dt, to_dt)))
+                    assert(type(from_res) == from_Dt)
+                    assert(type(to_res) == to_Dt)
+                    if view_off is not None:
+                        # If a view is acceptable, this is "no" casting
+                        # and byte order must be matching.
+                        assert casting == Casting.no
+                        # The above table lists this as "equivalent"
+                        assert Casting.equiv == CAST_TABLE[from_Dt][to_Dt]
+                        # Note that to_res may not be the same as from_dt
+                        assert from_res.isnative == to_res.isnative
+                    else:
+                        if from_Dt == to_Dt:
+                            # Note that to_res may not be the same as from_dt
+                            assert from_res.isnative != to_res.isnative
+                        assert casting == CAST_TABLE[from_Dt][to_Dt]
+
+                    if from_Dt is to_Dt:
+                        assert(from_dt is from_res)
+                        assert(to_dt is to_res)
+
+
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::numpy.ComplexWarning")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("from_dt", simple_dtype_instances())
+    def test_simple_direct_casts(self, from_dt):
+        """
+        This test checks numeric direct casts for dtypes supported also by the
+        struct module (plus complex).  It tries to be test a wide range of
+        inputs, but skips over possibly undefined behaviour (e.g. int rollover).
+        Longdouble and CLongdouble are tested, but only using double precision.
+
+        If this test creates issues, it should possibly just be simplified
+        or even removed (checking whether unaligned/non-contiguous casts give
+        the same results is useful, though).
+        """
+        for to_dt in simple_dtype_instances():
+            to_dt = to_dt.values[0]
+            cast = get_castingimpl(type(from_dt), type(to_dt))
+
+            casting, (from_res, to_res), view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+                (from_dt, to_dt))
+
+            if from_res is not from_dt or to_res is not to_dt:
+                # Do not test this case, it is handled in multiple steps,
+                # each of which should is tested individually.
+                return
+
+            safe = casting <= Casting.safe
+            del from_res, to_res, casting
+
+            arr1, arr2, values = self.get_data(from_dt, to_dt)
+
+            cast._simple_strided_call((arr1, arr2))
+
+            # Check via python list
+            assert arr2.tolist() == values
+
+            # Check that the same results are achieved for strided loops
+            arr1_o, arr2_o = self.get_data_variation(arr1, arr2, True, False)
+            cast._simple_strided_call((arr1_o, arr2_o))
+
+            assert_array_equal(arr2_o, arr2)
+            assert arr2_o.tobytes() == arr2.tobytes()
+
+            # Check if alignment makes a difference, but only if supported
+            # and only if the alignment can be wrong
+            if ((from_dt.alignment == 1 and to_dt.alignment == 1) or
+                    not cast._supports_unaligned):
+                return
+
+            arr1_o, arr2_o = self.get_data_variation(arr1, arr2, False, True)
+            cast._simple_strided_call((arr1_o, arr2_o))
+
+            assert_array_equal(arr2_o, arr2)
+            assert arr2_o.tobytes() == arr2.tobytes()
+
+            arr1_o, arr2_o = self.get_data_variation(arr1, arr2, False, False)
+            cast._simple_strided_call((arr1_o, arr2_o))
+
+            assert_array_equal(arr2_o, arr2)
+            assert arr2_o.tobytes() == arr2.tobytes()
+
+            del arr1_o, arr2_o, cast
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("from_Dt", simple_dtypes)
+    def test_numeric_to_times(self, from_Dt):
+        # We currently only implement contiguous loops, so only need to
+        # test those.
+        from_dt = from_Dt()
+
+        time_dtypes = [np.dtype("M8"), np.dtype("M8[ms]"), np.dtype("M8[4D]"),
+                       np.dtype("m8"), np.dtype("m8[ms]"), np.dtype("m8[4D]")]
+        for time_dt in time_dtypes:
+            cast = get_castingimpl(type(from_dt), type(time_dt))
+
+            casting, (from_res, to_res), view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+                (from_dt, time_dt))
+
+            assert from_res is from_dt
+            assert to_res is time_dt
+            del from_res, to_res
+
+            assert casting & CAST_TABLE[from_Dt][type(time_dt)]
+            assert view_off is None
+
+            int64_dt = np.dtype(np.int64)
+            arr1, arr2, values = self.get_data(from_dt, int64_dt)
+            arr2 = arr2.view(time_dt)
+            arr2[...] = np.datetime64("NaT")
+
+            if time_dt == np.dtype("M8"):
+                # This is a bit of a strange path, and could probably be removed
+                arr1[-1] = 0  # ensure at least one value is not NaT
+
+                # The cast currently succeeds, but the values are invalid:
+                cast._simple_strided_call((arr1, arr2))
+                with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                    str(arr2[-1])  # e.g. conversion to string fails
+                return
+
+            cast._simple_strided_call((arr1, arr2))
+
+            assert [int(v) for v in arr2.tolist()] == values
+
+            # Check that the same results are achieved for strided loops
+            arr1_o, arr2_o = self.get_data_variation(arr1, arr2, True, False)
+            cast._simple_strided_call((arr1_o, arr2_o))
+
+            assert_array_equal(arr2_o, arr2)
+            assert arr2_o.tobytes() == arr2.tobytes()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+            ["from_dt", "to_dt", "expected_casting", "expected_view_off",
+             "nom", "denom"],
+            [("M8[ns]", None, Casting.no, 0, 1, 1),
+             (str(np.dtype("M8[ns]").newbyteorder()), None,
+                  Casting.equiv, None, 1, 1),
+             ("M8", "M8[ms]", Casting.safe, 0, 1, 1),
+             # should be invalid cast:
+             ("M8[ms]", "M8", Casting.unsafe, None, 1, 1),
+             ("M8[5ms]", "M8[5ms]", Casting.no, 0, 1, 1),
+             ("M8[ns]", "M8[ms]", Casting.same_kind, None, 1, 10**6),
+             ("M8[ms]", "M8[ns]", Casting.safe, None, 10**6, 1),
+             ("M8[ms]", "M8[7ms]", Casting.same_kind, None, 1, 7),
+             ("M8[4D]", "M8[1M]", Casting.same_kind, None, None,
+                  # give full values based on NumPy 1.19.x
+                  [-2**63, 0, -1, 1314, -1315, 564442610]),
+             ("m8[ns]", None, Casting.no, 0, 1, 1),
+             (str(np.dtype("m8[ns]").newbyteorder()), None,
+                  Casting.equiv, None, 1, 1),
+             ("m8", "m8[ms]", Casting.safe, 0, 1, 1),
+             # should be invalid cast:
+             ("m8[ms]", "m8", Casting.unsafe, None, 1, 1),
+             ("m8[5ms]", "m8[5ms]", Casting.no, 0, 1, 1),
+             ("m8[ns]", "m8[ms]", Casting.same_kind, None, 1, 10**6),
+             ("m8[ms]", "m8[ns]", Casting.safe, None, 10**6, 1),
+             ("m8[ms]", "m8[7ms]", Casting.same_kind, None, 1, 7),
+             ("m8[4D]", "m8[1M]", Casting.unsafe, None, None,
+                  # give full values based on NumPy 1.19.x
+                  [-2**63, 0, 0, 1314, -1315, 564442610])])
+    def test_time_to_time(self, from_dt, to_dt,
+                          expected_casting, expected_view_off,
+                          nom, denom):
+        from_dt = np.dtype(from_dt)
+        if to_dt is not None:
+            to_dt = np.dtype(to_dt)
+
+        # Test a few values for casting (results generated with NumPy 1.19)
+        values = np.array([-2**63, 1, 2**63-1, 10000, -10000, 2**32])
+        values = values.astype(np.dtype("int64").newbyteorder(from_dt.byteorder))
+        assert values.dtype.byteorder == from_dt.byteorder
+        assert np.isnat(values.view(from_dt)[0])
+
+        DType = type(from_dt)
+        cast = get_castingimpl(DType, DType)
+        casting, (from_res, to_res), view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+                (from_dt, to_dt))
+        assert from_res is from_dt
+        assert to_res is to_dt or to_dt is None
+        assert casting == expected_casting
+        assert view_off == expected_view_off
+
+        if nom is not None:
+            expected_out = (values * nom // denom).view(to_res)
+            expected_out[0] = "NaT"
+        else:
+            expected_out = np.empty_like(values)
+            expected_out[...] = denom
+            expected_out = expected_out.view(to_dt)
+
+        orig_arr = values.view(from_dt)
+        orig_out = np.empty_like(expected_out)
+
+        if casting == Casting.unsafe and (to_dt == "m8" or to_dt == "M8"):
+            # Casting from non-generic to generic units is an error and should
+            # probably be reported as an invalid cast earlier.
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                cast._simple_strided_call((orig_arr, orig_out))
+            return
+
+        for aligned in [True, True]:
+            for contig in [True, True]:
+                arr, out = self.get_data_variation(
+                        orig_arr, orig_out, aligned, contig)
+                out[...] = 0
+                cast._simple_strided_call((arr, out))
+                assert_array_equal(out.view("int64"), expected_out.view("int64"))
+
+    def string_with_modified_length(self, dtype, change_length):
+        fact = 1 if dtype.char == "S" else 4
+        length = dtype.itemsize // fact + change_length
+        return np.dtype(f"{dtype.byteorder}{dtype.char}{length}")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("other_DT", simple_dtypes)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("string_char", ["S", "U"])
+    def test_string_cancast(self, other_DT, string_char):
+        fact = 1 if string_char == "S" else 4
+
+        string_DT = type(np.dtype(string_char))
+        cast = get_castingimpl(other_DT, string_DT)
+
+        other_dt = other_DT()
+        expected_length = get_expected_stringlength(other_dt)
+        string_dt = np.dtype(f"{string_char}{expected_length}")
+
+        safety, (res_other_dt, res_dt), view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+                (other_dt, None))
+        assert res_dt.itemsize == expected_length * fact
+        assert safety == Casting.safe  # we consider to string casts "safe"
+        assert view_off is None
+        assert isinstance(res_dt, string_DT)
+
+        # These casts currently implement changing the string length, so
+        # check the cast-safety for too long/fixed string lengths:
+        for change_length in [-1, 0, 1]:
+            if change_length >= 0:
+                expected_safety = Casting.safe
+            else:
+                expected_safety = Casting.same_kind
+
+            to_dt = self.string_with_modified_length(string_dt, change_length)
+            safety, (_, res_dt), view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+                    (other_dt, to_dt))
+            assert res_dt is to_dt
+            assert safety == expected_safety
+            assert view_off is None
+
+        # The opposite direction is always considered unsafe:
+        cast = get_castingimpl(string_DT, other_DT)
+
+        safety, _, view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors((string_dt, other_dt))
+        assert safety == Casting.unsafe
+        assert view_off is None
+
+        cast = get_castingimpl(string_DT, other_DT)
+        safety, (_, res_dt), view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+            (string_dt, None))
+        assert safety == Casting.unsafe
+        assert view_off is None
+        assert other_dt is res_dt  # returns the singleton for simple dtypes
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("string_char", ["S", "U"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("other_dt", simple_dtype_instances())
+    def test_simple_string_casts_roundtrip(self, other_dt, string_char):
+        """
+        Tests casts from and to string by checking the roundtripping property.
+
+        The test also covers some string to string casts (but not all).
+
+        If this test creates issues, it should possibly just be simplified
+        or even removed (checking whether unaligned/non-contiguous casts give
+        the same results is useful, though).
+        """
+        string_DT = type(np.dtype(string_char))
+
+        cast = get_castingimpl(type(other_dt), string_DT)
+        cast_back = get_castingimpl(string_DT, type(other_dt))
+        _, (res_other_dt, string_dt), _ = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+                (other_dt, None))
+
+        if res_other_dt is not other_dt:
+            # do not support non-native byteorder, skip test in that case
+            assert other_dt.byteorder != res_other_dt.byteorder
+            return
+
+        orig_arr, values = self.get_data(other_dt, None)
+        str_arr = np.zeros(len(orig_arr), dtype=string_dt)
+        string_dt_short = self.string_with_modified_length(string_dt, -1)
+        str_arr_short = np.zeros(len(orig_arr), dtype=string_dt_short)
+        string_dt_long = self.string_with_modified_length(string_dt, 1)
+        str_arr_long = np.zeros(len(orig_arr), dtype=string_dt_long)
+
+        assert not cast._supports_unaligned  # if support is added, should test
+        assert not cast_back._supports_unaligned
+
+        for contig in [True, False]:
+            other_arr, str_arr = self.get_data_variation(
+                orig_arr, str_arr, True, contig)
+            _, str_arr_short = self.get_data_variation(
+                orig_arr, str_arr_short.copy(), True, contig)
+            _, str_arr_long = self.get_data_variation(
+                orig_arr, str_arr_long, True, contig)
+
+            cast._simple_strided_call((other_arr, str_arr))
+
+            cast._simple_strided_call((other_arr, str_arr_short))
+            assert_array_equal(str_arr.astype(string_dt_short), str_arr_short)
+
+            cast._simple_strided_call((other_arr, str_arr_long))
+            assert_array_equal(str_arr, str_arr_long)
+
+            if other_dt.kind == "b":
+                # Booleans do not roundtrip
+                continue
+
+            other_arr[...] = 0
+            cast_back._simple_strided_call((str_arr, other_arr))
+            assert_array_equal(orig_arr, other_arr)
+
+            other_arr[...] = 0
+            cast_back._simple_strided_call((str_arr_long, other_arr))
+            assert_array_equal(orig_arr, other_arr)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("other_dt", ["S8", "U8"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("string_char", ["S", "U"])
+    def test_string_to_string_cancast(self, other_dt, string_char):
+        other_dt = np.dtype(other_dt)
+
+        fact = 1 if string_char == "S" else 4
+        div = 1 if other_dt.char == "S" else 4
+
+        string_DT = type(np.dtype(string_char))
+        cast = get_castingimpl(type(other_dt), string_DT)
+
+        expected_length = other_dt.itemsize // div
+        string_dt = np.dtype(f"{string_char}{expected_length}")
+
+        safety, (res_other_dt, res_dt), view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+                (other_dt, None))
+        assert res_dt.itemsize == expected_length * fact
+        assert isinstance(res_dt, string_DT)
+
+        expected_view_off = None
+        if other_dt.char == string_char:
+            if other_dt.isnative:
+                expected_safety = Casting.no
+                expected_view_off = 0
+            else:
+                expected_safety = Casting.equiv
+        elif string_char == "U":
+            expected_safety = Casting.safe
+        else:
+            expected_safety = Casting.unsafe
+
+        assert view_off == expected_view_off
+        assert expected_safety == safety
+
+        for change_length in [-1, 0, 1]:
+            to_dt = self.string_with_modified_length(string_dt, change_length)
+            safety, (_, res_dt), view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+                    (other_dt, to_dt))
+
+            assert res_dt is to_dt
+            if change_length <= 0:
+                assert view_off == expected_view_off
+            else:
+                assert view_off is None
+            if expected_safety == Casting.unsafe:
+                assert safety == expected_safety
+            elif change_length < 0:
+                assert safety == Casting.same_kind
+            elif change_length == 0:
+                assert safety == expected_safety
+            elif change_length > 0:
+                assert safety == Casting.safe
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("order1", [">", "<"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("order2", [">", "<"])
+    def test_unicode_byteswapped_cast(self, order1, order2):
+        # Very specific tests (not using the castingimpl directly)
+        # that tests unicode bytedwaps including for unaligned array data.
+        dtype1 = np.dtype(f"{order1}U30")
+        dtype2 = np.dtype(f"{order2}U30")
+        data1 = np.empty(30 * 4 + 1, dtype=np.uint8)[1:].view(dtype1)
+        data2 = np.empty(30 * 4 + 1, dtype=np.uint8)[1:].view(dtype2)
+        if dtype1.alignment != 1:
+            # alignment should always be >1, but skip the check if not
+            assert not data1.flags.aligned
+            assert not data2.flags.aligned
+
+        element = "this is a ünicode string‽"
+        data1[()] = element
+        # Test both `data1` and `data1.copy()`  (which should be aligned)
+        for data in [data1, data1.copy()]:
+            data2[...] = data1
+            assert data2[()] == element
+            assert data2.copy()[()] == element
+
+    def test_void_to_string_special_case(self):
+        # Cover a small special case in void to string casting that could
+        # probably just as well be turned into an error (compare
+        # `test_object_to_parametric_internal_error` below).
+        assert np.array([], dtype="V5").astype("S").dtype.itemsize == 5
+        assert np.array([], dtype="V5").astype("U").dtype.itemsize == 4 * 5
+
+    def test_object_to_parametric_internal_error(self):
+        # We reject casting from object to a parametric type, without
+        # figuring out the correct instance first.
+        object_dtype = type(np.dtype(object))
+        other_dtype = type(np.dtype(str))
+        cast = get_castingimpl(object_dtype, other_dtype)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+                    match="casting from object to the parametric DType"):
+            cast._resolve_descriptors((np.dtype("O"), None))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", simple_dtype_instances())
+    def test_object_and_simple_resolution(self, dtype):
+        # Simple test to exercise the cast when no instance is specified
+        object_dtype = type(np.dtype(object))
+        cast = get_castingimpl(object_dtype, type(dtype))
+
+        safety, (_, res_dt), view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+                (np.dtype("O"), dtype))
+        assert safety == Casting.unsafe
+        assert view_off is None
+        assert res_dt is dtype
+
+        safety, (_, res_dt), view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+                (np.dtype("O"), None))
+        assert safety == Casting.unsafe
+        assert view_off is None
+        assert res_dt == dtype.newbyteorder("=")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", simple_dtype_instances())
+    def test_simple_to_object_resolution(self, dtype):
+        # Simple test to exercise the cast when no instance is specified
+        object_dtype = type(np.dtype(object))
+        cast = get_castingimpl(type(dtype), object_dtype)
+
+        safety, (_, res_dt), view_off = cast._resolve_descriptors(
+                (dtype, None))
+        assert safety == Casting.safe
+        assert view_off is None
+        assert res_dt is np.dtype("O")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("casting", ["no", "unsafe"])
+    def test_void_and_structured_with_subarray(self, casting):
+        # test case corresponding to gh-19325
+        dtype = np.dtype([("foo", " casts may succeed or fail, but a NULL'ed array must
+        # behave the same as one filled with None's.
+        arr_normal = np.array([None] * 5)
+        arr_NULLs = np.empty_like(arr_normal)
+        ctypes.memset(arr_NULLs.ctypes.data, 0, arr_NULLs.nbytes)
+        # If the check fails (maybe it should) the test would lose its purpose:
+        assert arr_NULLs.tobytes() == b"\x00" * arr_NULLs.nbytes
+
+        try:
+            expected = arr_normal.astype(dtype)
+        except TypeError:
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+                arr_NULLs.astype(dtype),
+        else:
+            assert_array_equal(expected, arr_NULLs.astype(dtype))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype",
+            np.typecodes["AllInteger"] + np.typecodes["AllFloat"])
+    def test_nonstandard_bool_to_other(self, dtype):
+        # simple test for casting bool_ to numeric types, which should not
+        # expose the detail that NumPy bools can sometimes take values other
+        # than 0 and 1.  See also gh-19514.
+        nonstandard_bools = np.array([0, 3, -7], dtype=np.int8).view(bool)
+        res = nonstandard_bools.astype(dtype)
+        expected = [0, 1, 1]
+        assert_array_equal(res, expected)
+
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_conversion_utils.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_conversion_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c602eba4bb286f833d081e30b6b8dfabcfe1c1e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_conversion_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+"""
+Tests for numpy/core/src/multiarray/conversion_utils.c
+"""
+import re
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.core._multiarray_tests as mt
+from numpy.testing import assert_warns, IS_PYPY
+
+
+class StringConverterTestCase:
+    allow_bytes = True
+    case_insensitive = True
+    exact_match = False
+    warn = True
+
+    def _check_value_error(self, val):
+        pattern = r'\(got {}\)'.format(re.escape(repr(val)))
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=pattern) as exc:
+            self.conv(val)
+
+    def _check_conv_assert_warn(self, val, expected):
+        if self.warn:
+            with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning) as exc:
+                assert self.conv(val) == expected
+        else:
+            assert self.conv(val) == expected
+
+    def _check(self, val, expected):
+        """Takes valid non-deprecated inputs for converters,
+        runs converters on inputs, checks correctness of outputs,
+        warnings and errors"""
+        assert self.conv(val) == expected
+
+        if self.allow_bytes:
+            assert self.conv(val.encode('ascii')) == expected
+        else:
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+                self.conv(val.encode('ascii'))
+
+        if len(val) != 1:
+            if self.exact_match:
+                self._check_value_error(val[:1])
+                self._check_value_error(val + '\0')
+            else:
+                self._check_conv_assert_warn(val[:1], expected)
+
+        if self.case_insensitive:
+            if val != val.lower():
+                self._check_conv_assert_warn(val.lower(), expected)
+            if val != val.upper():
+                self._check_conv_assert_warn(val.upper(), expected)
+        else:
+            if val != val.lower():
+                self._check_value_error(val.lower())
+            if val != val.upper():
+                self._check_value_error(val.upper())
+
+    def test_wrong_type(self):
+        # common cases which apply to all the below
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            self.conv({})
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            self.conv([])
+
+    def test_wrong_value(self):
+        # nonsense strings
+        self._check_value_error('')
+        self._check_value_error('\N{greek small letter pi}')
+
+        if self.allow_bytes:
+            self._check_value_error(b'')
+            # bytes which can't be converted to strings via utf8
+            self._check_value_error(b"\xFF")
+        if self.exact_match:
+            self._check_value_error("there's no way this is supported")
+
+
+class TestByteorderConverter(StringConverterTestCase):
+    """ Tests of PyArray_ByteorderConverter """
+    conv = mt.run_byteorder_converter
+    warn = False
+
+    def test_valid(self):
+        for s in ['big', '>']:
+            self._check(s, 'NPY_BIG')
+        for s in ['little', '<']:
+            self._check(s, 'NPY_LITTLE')
+        for s in ['native', '=']:
+            self._check(s, 'NPY_NATIVE')
+        for s in ['ignore', '|']:
+            self._check(s, 'NPY_IGNORE')
+        for s in ['swap']:
+            self._check(s, 'NPY_SWAP')
+
+
+class TestSortkindConverter(StringConverterTestCase):
+    """ Tests of PyArray_SortkindConverter """
+    conv = mt.run_sortkind_converter
+    warn = False
+
+    def test_valid(self):
+        self._check('quicksort', 'NPY_QUICKSORT')
+        self._check('heapsort', 'NPY_HEAPSORT')
+        self._check('mergesort', 'NPY_STABLESORT')  # alias
+        self._check('stable', 'NPY_STABLESORT')
+
+
+class TestSelectkindConverter(StringConverterTestCase):
+    """ Tests of PyArray_SelectkindConverter """
+    conv = mt.run_selectkind_converter
+    case_insensitive = False
+    exact_match = True
+
+    def test_valid(self):
+        self._check('introselect', 'NPY_INTROSELECT')
+
+
+class TestSearchsideConverter(StringConverterTestCase):
+    """ Tests of PyArray_SearchsideConverter """
+    conv = mt.run_searchside_converter
+    def test_valid(self):
+        self._check('left', 'NPY_SEARCHLEFT')
+        self._check('right', 'NPY_SEARCHRIGHT')
+
+
+class TestOrderConverter(StringConverterTestCase):
+    """ Tests of PyArray_OrderConverter """
+    conv = mt.run_order_converter
+    warn = False
+
+    def test_valid(self):
+        self._check('c', 'NPY_CORDER')
+        self._check('f', 'NPY_FORTRANORDER')
+        self._check('a', 'NPY_ANYORDER')
+        self._check('k', 'NPY_KEEPORDER')
+
+    def test_flatten_invalid_order(self):
+        # invalid after gh-14596
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            self.conv('Z')
+        for order in [False, True, 0, 8]:
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+                self.conv(order)
+
+
+class TestClipmodeConverter(StringConverterTestCase):
+    """ Tests of PyArray_ClipmodeConverter """
+    conv = mt.run_clipmode_converter
+    def test_valid(self):
+        self._check('clip', 'NPY_CLIP')
+        self._check('wrap', 'NPY_WRAP')
+        self._check('raise', 'NPY_RAISE')
+
+        # integer values allowed here
+        assert self.conv(np.CLIP) == 'NPY_CLIP'
+        assert self.conv(np.WRAP) == 'NPY_WRAP'
+        assert self.conv(np.RAISE) == 'NPY_RAISE'
+
+
+class TestCastingConverter(StringConverterTestCase):
+    """ Tests of PyArray_CastingConverter """
+    conv = mt.run_casting_converter
+    case_insensitive = False
+    exact_match = True
+
+    def test_valid(self):
+        self._check("no", "NPY_NO_CASTING")
+        self._check("equiv", "NPY_EQUIV_CASTING")
+        self._check("safe", "NPY_SAFE_CASTING")
+        self._check("same_kind", "NPY_SAME_KIND_CASTING")
+        self._check("unsafe", "NPY_UNSAFE_CASTING")
+
+
+class TestIntpConverter:
+    """ Tests of PyArray_IntpConverter """
+    conv = mt.run_intp_converter
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        assert self.conv(1) == (1,)
+        assert self.conv((1, 2)) == (1, 2)
+        assert self.conv([1, 2]) == (1, 2)
+        assert self.conv(()) == ()
+
+    def test_none(self):
+        # once the warning expires, this will raise TypeError
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert self.conv(None) == ()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYPY and sys.implementation.version <= (7, 3, 8),
+            reason="PyPy bug in error formatting")
+    def test_float(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            self.conv(1.0)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            self.conv([1, 1.0])
+
+    def test_too_large(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            self.conv(2**64)
+
+    def test_too_many_dims(self):
+        assert self.conv([1]*32) == (1,)*32
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            self.conv([1]*33)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_cpu_dispatcher.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_cpu_dispatcher.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41a60d5c395cf8df6405f9406134d83c0e2598bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_cpu_dispatcher.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import __cpu_features__, __cpu_baseline__, __cpu_dispatch__
+from numpy.core import _umath_tests
+from numpy.testing import assert_equal
+
+def test_dispatcher():
+    """
+    Testing the utilities of the CPU dispatcher
+    """
+    targets = (
+        "SSE2", "SSE41", "AVX2",
+        "VSX", "VSX2", "VSX3",
+        "NEON", "ASIMD", "ASIMDHP",
+        "VX", "VXE"
+    )
+    highest_sfx = "" # no suffix for the baseline
+    all_sfx = []
+    for feature in reversed(targets):
+        # skip baseline features, by the default `CCompilerOpt` do not generate separated objects
+        # for the baseline,  just one object combined all of them via 'baseline' option
+        # within the configuration statements.
+        if feature in __cpu_baseline__:
+            continue
+        # check compiler and running machine support
+        if feature not in __cpu_dispatch__ or not __cpu_features__[feature]:
+            continue
+
+        if not highest_sfx:
+            highest_sfx = "_" + feature
+        all_sfx.append("func" + "_" + feature)
+
+    test = _umath_tests.test_dispatch()
+    assert_equal(test["func"], "func" + highest_sfx)
+    assert_equal(test["var"], "var"  + highest_sfx)
+
+    if highest_sfx:
+        assert_equal(test["func_xb"], "func" + highest_sfx)
+        assert_equal(test["var_xb"], "var"  + highest_sfx)
+    else:
+        assert_equal(test["func_xb"], "nobase")
+        assert_equal(test["var_xb"], "nobase")
+
+    all_sfx.append("func") # add the baseline
+    assert_equal(test["all"], all_sfx)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_cpu_features.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_cpu_features.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48ab30a4a22866da5aa7786f65d306bc33f5d710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_cpu_features.py
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+import sys, platform, re, pytest
+from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
+    __cpu_features__,
+    __cpu_baseline__,
+    __cpu_dispatch__,
+)
+import numpy as np
+import subprocess
+import pathlib
+import os
+import re
+
+def assert_features_equal(actual, desired, fname):
+    __tracebackhide__ = True  # Hide traceback for py.test
+    actual, desired = str(actual), str(desired)
+    if actual == desired:
+        return
+    detected = str(__cpu_features__).replace("'", "")
+    try:
+        with open("/proc/cpuinfo") as fd:
+            cpuinfo = fd.read(2048)
+    except Exception as err:
+        cpuinfo = str(err)
+
+    try:
+        import subprocess
+        auxv = subprocess.check_output(['/bin/true'], env=dict(LD_SHOW_AUXV="1"))
+        auxv = auxv.decode()
+    except Exception as err:
+        auxv = str(err)
+
+    import textwrap
+    error_report = textwrap.indent(
+"""
+###########################################
+### Extra debugging information
+###########################################
+-------------------------------------------
+--- NumPy Detections
+-------------------------------------------
+%s
+-------------------------------------------
+--- SYS / CPUINFO
+-------------------------------------------
+%s....
+-------------------------------------------
+--- SYS / AUXV
+-------------------------------------------
+%s
+""" % (detected, cpuinfo, auxv), prefix='\r')
+
+    raise AssertionError((
+        "Failure Detection\n"
+        " NAME: '%s'\n"
+        " ACTUAL: %s\n"
+        " DESIRED: %s\n"
+        "%s"
+    ) % (fname, actual, desired, error_report))
+
+def _text_to_list(txt):
+    out = txt.strip("][\n").replace("'", "").split(', ')
+    return None if out[0] == "" else out
+
+class AbstractTest:
+    features = []
+    features_groups = {}
+    features_map = {}
+    features_flags = set()
+
+    def load_flags(self):
+        # a hook
+        pass
+    def test_features(self):
+        self.load_flags()
+        for gname, features in self.features_groups.items():
+            test_features = [self.cpu_have(f) for f in features]
+            assert_features_equal(__cpu_features__.get(gname), all(test_features), gname)
+
+        for feature_name in self.features:
+            cpu_have = self.cpu_have(feature_name)
+            npy_have = __cpu_features__.get(feature_name)
+            assert_features_equal(npy_have, cpu_have, feature_name)
+
+    def cpu_have(self, feature_name):
+        map_names = self.features_map.get(feature_name, feature_name)
+        if isinstance(map_names, str):
+            return map_names in self.features_flags
+        for f in map_names:
+            if f in self.features_flags:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def load_flags_cpuinfo(self, magic_key):
+        self.features_flags = self.get_cpuinfo_item(magic_key)
+
+    def get_cpuinfo_item(self, magic_key):
+        values = set()
+        with open('/proc/cpuinfo') as fd:
+            for line in fd:
+                if not line.startswith(magic_key):
+                    continue
+                flags_value = [s.strip() for s in line.split(':', 1)]
+                if len(flags_value) == 2:
+                    values = values.union(flags_value[1].upper().split())
+        return values
+
+    def load_flags_auxv(self):
+        auxv = subprocess.check_output(['/bin/true'], env=dict(LD_SHOW_AUXV="1"))
+        for at in auxv.split(b'\n'):
+            if not at.startswith(b"AT_HWCAP"):
+                continue
+            hwcap_value = [s.strip() for s in at.split(b':', 1)]
+            if len(hwcap_value) == 2:
+                self.features_flags = self.features_flags.union(
+                    hwcap_value[1].upper().decode().split()
+                )
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform == 'emscripten',
+    reason= (
+        "The subprocess module is not available on WASM platforms and"
+        " therefore this test class cannot be properly executed."
+    ),
+)
+class TestEnvPrivation:
+    cwd = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    _enable = os.environ.pop('NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES', None)
+    _disable = os.environ.pop('NPY_DISABLE_CPU_FEATURES', None)
+    SUBPROCESS_ARGS = dict(cwd=cwd, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
+    unavailable_feats = [
+        feat for feat in __cpu_dispatch__ if not __cpu_features__[feat]
+    ]
+    UNAVAILABLE_FEAT = (
+        None if len(unavailable_feats) == 0
+        else unavailable_feats[0]
+    )
+    BASELINE_FEAT = None if len(__cpu_baseline__) == 0 else __cpu_baseline__[0]
+    SCRIPT = """
+def main():
+    from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import __cpu_features__, __cpu_dispatch__
+
+    detected = [feat for feat in __cpu_dispatch__ if __cpu_features__[feat]]
+    print(detected)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+    """
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def setup_class(self, tmp_path_factory):
+        file = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("runtime_test_script")
+        file /= "_runtime_detect.py"
+        file.write_text(self.SCRIPT)
+        self.file = file
+        return
+
+    def _run(self):
+        return subprocess.run(
+            [sys.executable, self.file],
+            env=self.env,
+            **self.SUBPROCESS_ARGS,
+            )
+
+    # Helper function mimicing pytest.raises for subprocess call
+    def _expect_error(
+        self,
+        msg,
+        err_type,
+        no_error_msg="Failed to generate error"
+    ):
+        try:
+            self._run()
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            assertion_message = f"Expected: {msg}\nGot: {e.stderr}"
+            assert re.search(msg, e.stderr), assertion_message
+
+            assertion_message = (
+                f"Expected error of type: {err_type}; see full "
+                f"error:\n{e.stderr}"
+            )
+            assert re.search(err_type, e.stderr), assertion_message
+        else:
+            assert False, no_error_msg
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        """Ensure that the environment is reset"""
+        self.env = os.environ.copy()
+        return
+
+    def test_runtime_feature_selection(self):
+        """
+        Ensure that when selecting `NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES`, only the
+        features exactly specified are dispatched.
+        """
+
+        # Capture runtime-enabled features
+        out = self._run()
+        non_baseline_features = _text_to_list(out.stdout)
+
+        if non_baseline_features is None:
+            pytest.skip(
+                "No dispatchable features outside of baseline detected."
+            )
+        feature = non_baseline_features[0]
+
+        # Capture runtime-enabled features when `NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES` is
+        # specified
+        self.env['NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES'] = feature
+        out = self._run()
+        enabled_features = _text_to_list(out.stdout)
+
+        # Ensure that only one feature is enabled, and it is exactly the one
+        # specified by `NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES`
+        assert set(enabled_features) == {feature}
+
+        if len(non_baseline_features) < 2:
+            pytest.skip("Only one non-baseline feature detected.")
+        # Capture runtime-enabled features when `NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES` is
+        # specified
+        self.env['NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES'] = ",".join(non_baseline_features)
+        out = self._run()
+        enabled_features = _text_to_list(out.stdout)
+
+        # Ensure that both features are enabled, and they are exactly the ones
+        # specified by `NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES`
+        assert set(enabled_features) == set(non_baseline_features)
+        return
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("enabled, disabled",
+    [
+        ("feature", "feature"),
+        ("feature", "same"),
+    ])
+    def test_both_enable_disable_set(self, enabled, disabled):
+        """
+        Ensure that when both environment variables are set then an
+        ImportError is thrown
+        """
+        self.env['NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES'] = enabled
+        self.env['NPY_DISABLE_CPU_FEATURES'] = disabled
+        msg = "Both NPY_DISABLE_CPU_FEATURES and NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES"
+        err_type = "ImportError"
+        self._expect_error(msg, err_type)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not __cpu_dispatch__,
+        reason=(
+            "NPY_*_CPU_FEATURES only parsed if "
+            "`__cpu_dispatch__` is non-empty"
+        )
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("action", ["ENABLE", "DISABLE"])
+    def test_variable_too_long(self, action):
+        """
+        Test that an error is thrown if the environment variables are too long
+        to be processed. Current limit is 1024, but this may change later.
+        """
+        MAX_VAR_LENGTH = 1024
+        # Actual length is MAX_VAR_LENGTH + 1 due to null-termination
+        self.env[f'NPY_{action}_CPU_FEATURES'] = "t" * MAX_VAR_LENGTH
+        msg = (
+            f"Length of environment variable 'NPY_{action}_CPU_FEATURES' is "
+            f"{MAX_VAR_LENGTH + 1}, only {MAX_VAR_LENGTH} accepted"
+        )
+        err_type = "RuntimeError"
+        self._expect_error(msg, err_type)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not __cpu_dispatch__,
+        reason=(
+            "NPY_*_CPU_FEATURES only parsed if "
+            "`__cpu_dispatch__` is non-empty"
+        )
+    )
+    def test_impossible_feature_disable(self):
+        """
+        Test that a RuntimeError is thrown if an impossible feature-disabling
+        request is made. This includes disabling a baseline feature.
+        """
+
+        if self.BASELINE_FEAT is None:
+            pytest.skip("There are no unavailable features to test with")
+        bad_feature = self.BASELINE_FEAT
+        self.env['NPY_DISABLE_CPU_FEATURES'] = bad_feature
+        msg = (
+            f"You cannot disable CPU feature '{bad_feature}', since it is "
+            "part of the baseline optimizations"
+        )
+        err_type = "RuntimeError"
+        self._expect_error(msg, err_type)
+
+    def test_impossible_feature_enable(self):
+        """
+        Test that a RuntimeError is thrown if an impossible feature-enabling
+        request is made. This includes enabling a feature not supported by the
+        machine, or disabling a baseline optimization.
+        """
+
+        if self.UNAVAILABLE_FEAT is None:
+            pytest.skip("There are no unavailable features to test with")
+        bad_feature = self.UNAVAILABLE_FEAT
+        self.env['NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES'] = bad_feature
+        msg = (
+            f"You cannot enable CPU features \\({bad_feature}\\), since "
+            "they are not supported by your machine."
+        )
+        err_type = "RuntimeError"
+        self._expect_error(msg, err_type)
+
+        # Ensure that only the bad feature gets reported
+        feats = f"{bad_feature}, {self.BASELINE_FEAT}"
+        self.env['NPY_ENABLE_CPU_FEATURES'] = feats
+        msg = (
+            f"You cannot enable CPU features \\({bad_feature}\\), since they "
+            "are not supported by your machine."
+        )
+        self._expect_error(msg, err_type)
+
+is_linux = sys.platform.startswith('linux')
+is_cygwin = sys.platform.startswith('cygwin')
+machine  = platform.machine()
+is_x86   = re.match("^(amd64|x86|i386|i686)", machine, re.IGNORECASE)
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not (is_linux or is_cygwin) or not is_x86, reason="Only for Linux and x86"
+)
+class Test_X86_Features(AbstractTest):
+    features = [
+        "MMX", "SSE", "SSE2", "SSE3", "SSSE3", "SSE41", "POPCNT", "SSE42",
+        "AVX", "F16C", "XOP", "FMA4", "FMA3", "AVX2", "AVX512F", "AVX512CD",
+        "AVX512ER", "AVX512PF", "AVX5124FMAPS", "AVX5124VNNIW", "AVX512VPOPCNTDQ",
+        "AVX512VL", "AVX512BW", "AVX512DQ", "AVX512VNNI", "AVX512IFMA",
+        "AVX512VBMI", "AVX512VBMI2", "AVX512BITALG", "AVX512FP16",
+    ]
+    features_groups = dict(
+        AVX512_KNL = ["AVX512F", "AVX512CD", "AVX512ER", "AVX512PF"],
+        AVX512_KNM = ["AVX512F", "AVX512CD", "AVX512ER", "AVX512PF", "AVX5124FMAPS",
+                      "AVX5124VNNIW", "AVX512VPOPCNTDQ"],
+        AVX512_SKX = ["AVX512F", "AVX512CD", "AVX512BW", "AVX512DQ", "AVX512VL"],
+        AVX512_CLX = ["AVX512F", "AVX512CD", "AVX512BW", "AVX512DQ", "AVX512VL", "AVX512VNNI"],
+        AVX512_CNL = ["AVX512F", "AVX512CD", "AVX512BW", "AVX512DQ", "AVX512VL", "AVX512IFMA",
+                      "AVX512VBMI"],
+        AVX512_ICL = ["AVX512F", "AVX512CD", "AVX512BW", "AVX512DQ", "AVX512VL", "AVX512IFMA",
+                      "AVX512VBMI", "AVX512VNNI", "AVX512VBMI2", "AVX512BITALG", "AVX512VPOPCNTDQ"],
+        AVX512_SPR = ["AVX512F", "AVX512CD", "AVX512BW", "AVX512DQ",
+                      "AVX512VL", "AVX512IFMA", "AVX512VBMI", "AVX512VNNI",
+                      "AVX512VBMI2", "AVX512BITALG", "AVX512VPOPCNTDQ",
+                      "AVX512FP16"],
+    )
+    features_map = dict(
+        SSE3="PNI", SSE41="SSE4_1", SSE42="SSE4_2", FMA3="FMA",
+        AVX512VNNI="AVX512_VNNI", AVX512BITALG="AVX512_BITALG", AVX512VBMI2="AVX512_VBMI2",
+        AVX5124FMAPS="AVX512_4FMAPS", AVX5124VNNIW="AVX512_4VNNIW", AVX512VPOPCNTDQ="AVX512_VPOPCNTDQ",
+        AVX512FP16="AVX512_FP16",
+    )
+    def load_flags(self):
+        self.load_flags_cpuinfo("flags")
+
+is_power = re.match("^(powerpc|ppc)64", machine, re.IGNORECASE)
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_linux or not is_power, reason="Only for Linux and Power")
+class Test_POWER_Features(AbstractTest):
+    features = ["VSX", "VSX2", "VSX3", "VSX4"]
+    features_map = dict(VSX2="ARCH_2_07", VSX3="ARCH_3_00", VSX4="ARCH_3_1")
+
+    def load_flags(self):
+        self.load_flags_auxv()
+
+
+is_zarch = re.match("^(s390x)", machine, re.IGNORECASE)
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_linux or not is_zarch,
+                    reason="Only for Linux and IBM Z")
+class Test_ZARCH_Features(AbstractTest):
+    features = ["VX", "VXE", "VXE2"]
+
+    def load_flags(self):
+        self.load_flags_auxv()
+
+
+is_arm = re.match("^(arm|aarch64)", machine, re.IGNORECASE)
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_linux or not is_arm, reason="Only for Linux and ARM")
+class Test_ARM_Features(AbstractTest):
+    features = [
+        "NEON", "ASIMD", "FPHP", "ASIMDHP", "ASIMDDP", "ASIMDFHM"
+    ]
+    features_groups = dict(
+        NEON_FP16  = ["NEON", "HALF"],
+        NEON_VFPV4 = ["NEON", "VFPV4"],
+    )
+    def load_flags(self):
+        self.load_flags_cpuinfo("Features")
+        arch = self.get_cpuinfo_item("CPU architecture")
+        # in case of mounting virtual filesystem of aarch64 kernel
+        is_rootfs_v8 = int('0'+next(iter(arch))) > 7 if arch else 0
+        if  re.match("^(aarch64|AARCH64)", machine) or is_rootfs_v8:
+            self.features_map = dict(
+                NEON="ASIMD", HALF="ASIMD", VFPV4="ASIMD"
+            )
+        else:
+            self.features_map = dict(
+                # ELF auxiliary vector and /proc/cpuinfo on Linux kernel(armv8 aarch32)
+                # doesn't provide information about ASIMD, so we assume that ASIMD is supported
+                # if the kernel reports any one of the following ARM8 features.
+                ASIMD=("AES", "SHA1", "SHA2", "PMULL", "CRC32")
+            )
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_custom_dtypes.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_custom_dtypes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da6a4bd5064add3de2eb61f527efd757c6722443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_custom_dtypes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import assert_array_equal
+from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
+    _discover_array_parameters as discover_array_params, _get_sfloat_dtype)
+
+
+SF = _get_sfloat_dtype()
+
+
+class TestSFloat:
+    def _get_array(self, scaling, aligned=True):
+        if not aligned:
+            a = np.empty(3*8 + 1, dtype=np.uint8)[1:]
+            a = a.view(np.float64)
+            a[:] = [1., 2., 3.]
+        else:
+            a = np.array([1., 2., 3.])
+
+        a *= 1./scaling  # the casting code also uses the reciprocal.
+        return a.view(SF(scaling))
+
+    def test_sfloat_rescaled(self):
+        sf = SF(1.)
+        sf2 = sf.scaled_by(2.)
+        assert sf2.get_scaling() == 2.
+        sf6 = sf2.scaled_by(3.)
+        assert sf6.get_scaling() == 6.
+
+    def test_class_discovery(self):
+        # This does not test much, since we always discover the scaling as 1.
+        # But most of NumPy (when writing) does not understand DType classes
+        dt, _ = discover_array_params([1., 2., 3.], dtype=SF)
+        assert dt == SF(1.)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("scaling", [1., -1., 2.])
+    def test_scaled_float_from_floats(self, scaling):
+        a = np.array([1., 2., 3.], dtype=SF(scaling))
+
+        assert a.dtype.get_scaling() == scaling
+        assert_array_equal(scaling * a.view(np.float64), [1., 2., 3.])
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        # Check the repr, mainly to cover the code paths:
+        assert repr(SF(scaling=1.)) == "_ScaledFloatTestDType(scaling=1.0)"
+
+    def test_dtype_name(self):
+        assert SF(1.).name == "_ScaledFloatTestDType64"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("scaling", [1., -1., 2.])
+    def test_sfloat_from_float(self, scaling):
+        a = np.array([1., 2., 3.]).astype(dtype=SF(scaling))
+
+        assert a.dtype.get_scaling() == scaling
+        assert_array_equal(scaling * a.view(np.float64), [1., 2., 3.])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("aligned", [True, False])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("scaling", [1., -1., 2.])
+    def test_sfloat_getitem(self, aligned, scaling):
+        a = self._get_array(1., aligned)
+        assert a.tolist() == [1., 2., 3.]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("aligned", [True, False])
+    def test_sfloat_casts(self, aligned):
+        a = self._get_array(1., aligned)
+
+        assert np.can_cast(a, SF(-1.), casting="equiv")
+        assert not np.can_cast(a, SF(-1.), casting="no")
+        na = a.astype(SF(-1.))
+        assert_array_equal(-1 * na.view(np.float64), a.view(np.float64))
+
+        assert np.can_cast(a, SF(2.), casting="same_kind")
+        assert not np.can_cast(a, SF(2.), casting="safe")
+        a2 = a.astype(SF(2.))
+        assert_array_equal(2 * a2.view(np.float64), a.view(np.float64))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("aligned", [True, False])
+    def test_sfloat_cast_internal_errors(self, aligned):
+        a = self._get_array(2e300, aligned)
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+                match="error raised inside the core-loop: non-finite factor!"):
+            a.astype(SF(2e-300))
+
+    def test_sfloat_promotion(self):
+        assert np.result_type(SF(2.), SF(3.)) == SF(3.)
+        assert np.result_type(SF(3.), SF(2.)) == SF(3.)
+        # Float64 -> SF(1.) and then promotes normally, so both of this work:
+        assert np.result_type(SF(3.), np.float64) == SF(3.)
+        assert np.result_type(np.float64, SF(0.5)) == SF(1.)
+
+        # Test an undefined promotion:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.result_type(SF(1.), np.int64)
+
+    def test_basic_multiply(self):
+        a = self._get_array(2.)
+        b = self._get_array(4.)
+
+        res = a * b
+        # multiplies dtype scaling and content separately:
+        assert res.dtype.get_scaling() == 8.
+        expected_view = a.view(np.float64) * b.view(np.float64)
+        assert_array_equal(res.view(np.float64), expected_view)
+
+    def test_possible_and_impossible_reduce(self):
+        # For reductions to work, the first and last operand must have the
+        # same dtype.  For this parametric DType that is not necessarily true.
+        a = self._get_array(2.)
+        # Addition reductin works (as of writing requires to pass initial
+        # because setting a scaled-float from the default `0` fails).
+        res = np.add.reduce(a, initial=0.)
+        assert res == a.astype(np.float64).sum()
+
+        # But each multiplication changes the factor, so a reduction is not
+        # possible (the relaxed version of the old refusal to handle any
+        # flexible dtype).
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+                match="the resolved dtypes are not compatible"):
+            np.multiply.reduce(a)
+
+    def test_basic_ufunc_at(self):
+        float_a = np.array([1., 2., 3.])
+        b = self._get_array(2.)
+
+        float_b = b.view(np.float64).copy()
+        np.multiply.at(float_b, [1, 1, 1], float_a)
+        np.multiply.at(b, [1, 1, 1], float_a)
+
+        assert_array_equal(b.view(np.float64), float_b)
+
+    def test_basic_multiply_promotion(self):
+        float_a = np.array([1., 2., 3.])
+        b = self._get_array(2.)
+
+        res1 = float_a * b
+        res2 = b * float_a
+
+        # one factor is one, so we get the factor of b:
+        assert res1.dtype == res2.dtype == b.dtype
+        expected_view = float_a * b.view(np.float64)
+        assert_array_equal(res1.view(np.float64), expected_view)
+        assert_array_equal(res2.view(np.float64), expected_view)
+
+        # Check that promotion works when `out` is used:
+        np.multiply(b, float_a, out=res2)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            # The promoter accepts this (maybe it should not), but the SFloat
+            # result cannot be cast to integer:
+            np.multiply(b, float_a, out=np.arange(3))
+
+    def test_basic_addition(self):
+        a = self._get_array(2.)
+        b = self._get_array(4.)
+
+        res = a + b
+        # addition uses the type promotion rules for the result:
+        assert res.dtype == np.result_type(a.dtype, b.dtype)
+        expected_view = (a.astype(res.dtype).view(np.float64) +
+                         b.astype(res.dtype).view(np.float64))
+        assert_array_equal(res.view(np.float64), expected_view)
+
+    def test_addition_cast_safety(self):
+        """The addition method is special for the scaled float, because it
+        includes the "cast" between different factors, thus cast-safety
+        is influenced by the implementation.
+        """
+        a = self._get_array(2.)
+        b = self._get_array(-2.)
+        c = self._get_array(3.)
+
+        # sign change is "equiv":
+        np.add(a, b, casting="equiv")
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.add(a, b, casting="no")
+
+        # Different factor is "same_kind" (default) so check that "safe" fails
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.add(a, c, casting="safe")
+
+        # Check that casting the output fails also (done by the ufunc here)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.add(a, a, out=c, casting="safe")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc",
+            [np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor])
+    def test_logical_ufuncs_casts_to_bool(self, ufunc):
+        a = self._get_array(2.)
+        a[0] = 0.  # make sure first element is considered False.
+
+        float_equiv = a.astype(float)
+        expected = ufunc(float_equiv, float_equiv)
+        res = ufunc(a, a)
+        assert_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+        # also check that the same works for reductions:
+        expected = ufunc.reduce(float_equiv)
+        res = ufunc.reduce(a)
+        assert_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+        # The output casting does not match the bool, bool -> bool loop:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            ufunc(a, a, out=np.empty(a.shape, dtype=int), casting="equiv")
+
+    def test_wrapped_and_wrapped_reductions(self):
+        a = self._get_array(2.)
+        float_equiv = a.astype(float)
+
+        expected = np.hypot(float_equiv, float_equiv)
+        res = np.hypot(a, a)
+        assert res.dtype == a.dtype
+        res_float = res.view(np.float64) * 2
+        assert_array_equal(res_float, expected)
+
+        # Also check reduction (keepdims, due to incorrect getitem)
+        res = np.hypot.reduce(a, keepdims=True)
+        assert res.dtype == a.dtype
+        expected = np.hypot.reduce(float_equiv, keepdims=True)
+        assert res.view(np.float64) * 2 == expected
+
+    def test_astype_class(self):
+        # Very simple test that we accept `.astype()` also on the class.
+        # ScaledFloat always returns the default descriptor, but it does
+        # check the relevant code paths.
+        arr = np.array([1., 2., 3.], dtype=object)
+
+        res = arr.astype(SF)  # passing the class class
+        expected = arr.astype(SF(1.))  # above will have discovered 1. scaling
+        assert_array_equal(res.view(np.float64), expected.view(np.float64))
+
+    def test_creation_class(self):
+        arr1 = np.array([1., 2., 3.], dtype=SF)
+        assert arr1.dtype == SF(1.)
+        arr2 = np.array([1., 2., 3.], dtype=SF(1.))
+        assert_array_equal(arr1.view(np.float64), arr2.view(np.float64))
+
+
+def test_type_pickle():
+    # can't actually unpickle, but we can pickle (if in namespace)
+    import pickle
+
+    np._ScaledFloatTestDType = SF
+
+    s = pickle.dumps(SF)
+    res = pickle.loads(s)
+    assert res is SF
+
+    del np._ScaledFloatTestDType
+
+
+def test_is_numeric():
+    assert SF._is_numeric
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_cython.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_cython.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e0d00c2508b6450c92c65b08f34c2167253cacd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_cython.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import IS_WASM
+
+# This import is copied from random.tests.test_extending
+try:
+    import cython
+    from Cython.Compiler.Version import version as cython_version
+except ImportError:
+    cython = None
+else:
+    from numpy._utils import _pep440
+
+    # Cython 0.29.30 is required for Python 3.11 and there are
+    # other fixes in the 0.29 series that are needed even for earlier
+    # Python versions.
+    # Note: keep in sync with the one in pyproject.toml
+    required_version = "0.29.30"
+    if _pep440.parse(cython_version) < _pep440.Version(required_version):
+        # too old or wrong cython, skip the test
+        cython = None
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(cython is None, reason="requires cython")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def install_temp(tmpdir_factory):
+    # Based in part on test_cython from random.tests.test_extending
+    if IS_WASM:
+        pytest.skip("No subprocess")
+
+    srcdir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'examples', 'cython')
+    build_dir = tmpdir_factory.mktemp("cython_test") / "build"
+    os.makedirs(build_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    try:
+        subprocess.check_call(["meson", "--version"])
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        pytest.skip("No usable 'meson' found")
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        subprocess.check_call(["meson", "setup",
+                               "--buildtype=release",
+                               "--vsenv", str(srcdir)],
+                              cwd=build_dir,
+                              )
+    else:
+        subprocess.check_call(["meson", "setup", str(srcdir)],
+                              cwd=build_dir
+                              )
+    subprocess.check_call(["meson", "compile", "-vv"], cwd=build_dir)
+
+    sys.path.append(str(build_dir))
+
+def test_is_timedelta64_object(install_temp):
+    import checks
+
+    assert checks.is_td64(np.timedelta64(1234))
+    assert checks.is_td64(np.timedelta64(1234, "ns"))
+    assert checks.is_td64(np.timedelta64("NaT", "ns"))
+
+    assert not checks.is_td64(1)
+    assert not checks.is_td64(None)
+    assert not checks.is_td64("foo")
+    assert not checks.is_td64(np.datetime64("now", "s"))
+
+
+def test_is_datetime64_object(install_temp):
+    import checks
+
+    assert checks.is_dt64(np.datetime64(1234, "ns"))
+    assert checks.is_dt64(np.datetime64("NaT", "ns"))
+
+    assert not checks.is_dt64(1)
+    assert not checks.is_dt64(None)
+    assert not checks.is_dt64("foo")
+    assert not checks.is_dt64(np.timedelta64(1234))
+
+
+def test_get_datetime64_value(install_temp):
+    import checks
+
+    dt64 = np.datetime64("2016-01-01", "ns")
+
+    result = checks.get_dt64_value(dt64)
+    expected = dt64.view("i8")
+
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+def test_get_timedelta64_value(install_temp):
+    import checks
+
+    td64 = np.timedelta64(12345, "h")
+
+    result = checks.get_td64_value(td64)
+    expected = td64.view("i8")
+
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+def test_get_datetime64_unit(install_temp):
+    import checks
+
+    dt64 = np.datetime64("2016-01-01", "ns")
+    result = checks.get_dt64_unit(dt64)
+    expected = 10
+    assert result == expected
+
+    td64 = np.timedelta64(12345, "h")
+    result = checks.get_dt64_unit(td64)
+    expected = 5
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+def test_abstract_scalars(install_temp):
+    import checks
+
+    assert checks.is_integer(1)
+    assert checks.is_integer(np.int8(1))
+    assert checks.is_integer(np.uint64(1))
+
+def test_conv_intp(install_temp):
+    import checks
+
+    class myint:
+        def __int__(self):
+            return 3
+
+    # These conversion passes via `__int__`, not `__index__`:
+    assert checks.conv_intp(3.) == 3
+    assert checks.conv_intp(myint()) == 3
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_datetime.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_datetime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..547ebf9d67465cf3e012f8837a55e4a2455ed5b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_datetime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2569 @@
+
+import numpy
+import numpy as np
+import datetime
+import pytest
+from numpy.testing import (
+    IS_WASM,
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_warns, suppress_warnings,
+    assert_raises_regex, assert_array_equal,
+    )
+from numpy.compat import pickle
+
+# Use pytz to test out various time zones if available
+try:
+    from pytz import timezone as tz
+    _has_pytz = True
+except ImportError:
+    _has_pytz = False
+
+try:
+    RecursionError
+except NameError:
+    RecursionError = RuntimeError  # python < 3.5
+
+
+class TestDateTime:
+    def test_datetime_dtype_creation(self):
+        for unit in ['Y', 'M', 'W', 'D',
+                     'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us',
+                     'μs',  # alias for us
+                     'ns', 'ps', 'fs', 'as']:
+            dt1 = np.dtype('M8[750%s]' % unit)
+            assert_(dt1 == np.dtype('datetime64[750%s]' % unit))
+            dt2 = np.dtype('m8[%s]' % unit)
+            assert_(dt2 == np.dtype('timedelta64[%s]' % unit))
+
+        # Generic units shouldn't add [] to the end
+        assert_equal(str(np.dtype("M8")), "datetime64")
+
+        # Should be possible to specify the endianness
+        assert_equal(np.dtype("=M8"), np.dtype("M8"))
+        assert_equal(np.dtype("=M8[s]"), np.dtype("M8[s]"))
+        assert_(np.dtype(">M8") == np.dtype("M8") or
+                np.dtype("M8[D]") == np.dtype("M8[D]") or
+                np.dtype("M8") != np.dtype("m8") == np.dtype("m8") or
+                np.dtype("m8[D]") == np.dtype("m8[D]") or
+                np.dtype("m8") != np.dtype(" Scalars
+        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[s]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[s]'))
+        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[ms]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[ms]'))
+        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[M]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[M]'))
+        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[Y]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[Y]'))
+        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[W]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[W]'))
+
+        # Arrays -> Scalars
+        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[s]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[s]'))
+        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[ms]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[ms]'))
+        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[M]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[M]'))
+        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[Y]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[Y]'))
+        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[W]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[W]'))
+
+        # NaN -> NaT
+        nan = np.array([np.nan] * 8)
+        fnan = nan.astype('f')
+        lnan = nan.astype('g')
+        cnan = nan.astype('D')
+        cfnan = nan.astype('F')
+        clnan = nan.astype('G')
+
+        nat = np.array([np.datetime64('NaT')] * 8)
+        assert_equal(nan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
+        assert_equal(fnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
+        assert_equal(lnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
+        assert_equal(cnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
+        assert_equal(cfnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
+        assert_equal(clnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
+
+        nat = np.array([np.timedelta64('NaT')] * 8)
+        assert_equal(nan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
+        assert_equal(fnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
+        assert_equal(lnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
+        assert_equal(cnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
+        assert_equal(cfnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
+        assert_equal(clnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
+
+    def test_days_creation(self):
+        assert_equal(np.array('1599', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                (1600-1970)*365 - (1972-1600)/4 + 3 - 365)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1600', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                (1600-1970)*365 - (1972-1600)/4 + 3)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1601', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                (1600-1970)*365 - (1972-1600)/4 + 3 + 366)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1900', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                (1900-1970)*365 - (1970-1900)//4)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1901', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                (1900-1970)*365 - (1970-1900)//4 + 365)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1967', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), -3*365 - 1)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1968', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), -2*365 - 1)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1969', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), -1*365)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1970', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 0*365)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1971', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 1*365)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1972', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 2*365)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1973', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 3*365 + 1)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1974', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 4*365 + 1)
+        assert_equal(np.array('2000', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                 (2000 - 1970)*365 + (2000 - 1972)//4)
+        assert_equal(np.array('2001', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                 (2000 - 1970)*365 + (2000 - 1972)//4 + 366)
+        assert_equal(np.array('2400', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                 (2400 - 1970)*365 + (2400 - 1972)//4 - 3)
+        assert_equal(np.array('2401', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                 (2400 - 1970)*365 + (2400 - 1972)//4 - 3 + 366)
+
+        assert_equal(np.array('1600-02-29', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                (1600-1970)*365 - (1972-1600)//4 + 3 + 31 + 28)
+        assert_equal(np.array('1600-03-01', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                (1600-1970)*365 - (1972-1600)//4 + 3 + 31 + 29)
+        assert_equal(np.array('2000-02-29', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                 (2000 - 1970)*365 + (2000 - 1972)//4 + 31 + 28)
+        assert_equal(np.array('2000-03-01', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                 (2000 - 1970)*365 + (2000 - 1972)//4 + 31 + 29)
+        assert_equal(np.array('2001-03-22', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
+                 (2000 - 1970)*365 + (2000 - 1972)//4 + 366 + 31 + 28 + 21)
+
+    def test_days_to_pydate(self):
+        assert_equal(np.array('1599', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
+                    datetime.date(1599, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.array('1600', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
+                    datetime.date(1600, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.array('1601', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
+                    datetime.date(1601, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.array('1900', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
+                    datetime.date(1900, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.array('1901', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
+                    datetime.date(1901, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.array('2000', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
+                    datetime.date(2000, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.array('2001', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
+                    datetime.date(2001, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.array('1600-02-29', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
+                    datetime.date(1600, 2, 29))
+        assert_equal(np.array('1600-03-01', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
+                    datetime.date(1600, 3, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.array('2001-03-22', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
+                    datetime.date(2001, 3, 22))
+
+    def test_dtype_comparison(self):
+        assert_(not (np.dtype('M8[us]') == np.dtype('M8[ms]')))
+        assert_(np.dtype('M8[us]') != np.dtype('M8[ms]'))
+        assert_(np.dtype('M8[2D]') != np.dtype('M8[D]'))
+        assert_(np.dtype('M8[D]') != np.dtype('M8[2D]'))
+
+    def test_pydatetime_creation(self):
+        a = np.array(['1960-03-12', datetime.date(1960, 3, 12)], dtype='M8[D]')
+        assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
+        a = np.array(['1999-12-31', datetime.date(1999, 12, 31)], dtype='M8[D]')
+        assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
+        a = np.array(['2000-01-01', datetime.date(2000, 1, 1)], dtype='M8[D]')
+        assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
+        # Will fail if the date changes during the exact right moment
+        a = np.array(['today', datetime.date.today()], dtype='M8[D]')
+        assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
+        # datetime.datetime.now() returns local time, not UTC
+        #a = np.array(['now', datetime.datetime.now()], dtype='M8[s]')
+        #assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
+
+        # we can give a datetime.date time units
+        assert_equal(np.array(datetime.date(1960, 3, 12), dtype='M8[s]'),
+                     np.array(np.datetime64('1960-03-12T00:00:00')))
+
+    def test_datetime_string_conversion(self):
+        a = ['2011-03-16', '1920-01-01', '2013-05-19']
+        str_a = np.array(a, dtype='S')
+        uni_a = np.array(a, dtype='U')
+        dt_a = np.array(a, dtype='M')
+
+        # String to datetime
+        assert_equal(dt_a, str_a.astype('M'))
+        assert_equal(dt_a.dtype, str_a.astype('M').dtype)
+        dt_b = np.empty_like(dt_a)
+        dt_b[...] = str_a
+        assert_equal(dt_a, dt_b)
+
+        # Datetime to string
+        assert_equal(str_a, dt_a.astype('S0'))
+        str_b = np.empty_like(str_a)
+        str_b[...] = dt_a
+        assert_equal(str_a, str_b)
+
+        # Unicode to datetime
+        assert_equal(dt_a, uni_a.astype('M'))
+        assert_equal(dt_a.dtype, uni_a.astype('M').dtype)
+        dt_b = np.empty_like(dt_a)
+        dt_b[...] = uni_a
+        assert_equal(dt_a, dt_b)
+
+        # Datetime to unicode
+        assert_equal(uni_a, dt_a.astype('U'))
+        uni_b = np.empty_like(uni_a)
+        uni_b[...] = dt_a
+        assert_equal(uni_a, uni_b)
+
+        # Datetime to long string - gh-9712
+        assert_equal(str_a, dt_a.astype((np.bytes_, 128)))
+        str_b = np.empty(str_a.shape, dtype=(np.bytes_, 128))
+        str_b[...] = dt_a
+        assert_equal(str_a, str_b)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("time_dtype", ["m8[D]", "M8[Y]"])
+    def test_time_byteswapping(self, time_dtype):
+        times = np.array(["2017", "NaT"], dtype=time_dtype)
+        times_swapped = times.astype(times.dtype.newbyteorder())
+        assert_array_equal(times, times_swapped)
+
+        unswapped = times_swapped.view(np.int64).newbyteorder()
+        assert_array_equal(unswapped, times.view(np.int64))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["time1", "time2"],
+            [("M8[s]", "M8[D]"), ("m8[s]", "m8[ns]")])
+    def test_time_byteswapped_cast(self, time1, time2):
+        dtype1 = np.dtype(time1)
+        dtype2 = np.dtype(time2)
+        times = np.array(["2017", "NaT"], dtype=dtype1)
+        expected = times.astype(dtype2)
+
+        # Test that every byte-swapping combination also returns the same
+        # results (previous tests check that this comparison works fine).
+        res = times.astype(dtype1.newbyteorder()).astype(dtype2)
+        assert_array_equal(res, expected)
+        res = times.astype(dtype2.newbyteorder())
+        assert_array_equal(res, expected)
+        res = times.astype(dtype1.newbyteorder()).astype(dtype2.newbyteorder())
+        assert_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("time_dtype", ["m8[D]", "M8[Y]"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("str_dtype", ["U", "S"])
+    def test_datetime_conversions_byteorders(self, str_dtype, time_dtype):
+        times = np.array(["2017", "NaT"], dtype=time_dtype)
+        # Unfortunately, timedelta does not roundtrip:
+        from_strings = np.array(["2017", "NaT"], dtype=str_dtype)
+        to_strings = times.astype(str_dtype)  # assume this is correct
+
+        # Check that conversion from times to string works if src is swapped:
+        times_swapped = times.astype(times.dtype.newbyteorder())
+        res = times_swapped.astype(str_dtype)
+        assert_array_equal(res, to_strings)
+        # And also if both are swapped:
+        res = times_swapped.astype(to_strings.dtype.newbyteorder())
+        assert_array_equal(res, to_strings)
+        # only destination is swapped:
+        res = times.astype(to_strings.dtype.newbyteorder())
+        assert_array_equal(res, to_strings)
+
+        # Check that conversion from string to times works if src is swapped:
+        from_strings_swapped = from_strings.astype(
+                from_strings.dtype.newbyteorder())
+        res = from_strings_swapped.astype(time_dtype)
+        assert_array_equal(res, times)
+        # And if both are swapped:
+        res = from_strings_swapped.astype(times.dtype.newbyteorder())
+        assert_array_equal(res, times)
+        # Only destination is swapped:
+        res = from_strings.astype(times.dtype.newbyteorder())
+        assert_array_equal(res, times)
+
+    def test_datetime_array_str(self):
+        a = np.array(['2011-03-16', '1920-01-01', '2013-05-19'], dtype='M')
+        assert_equal(str(a), "['2011-03-16' '1920-01-01' '2013-05-19']")
+
+        a = np.array(['2011-03-16T13:55', '1920-01-01T03:12'], dtype='M')
+        assert_equal(np.array2string(a, separator=', ',
+                    formatter={'datetime': lambda x:
+                            "'%s'" % np.datetime_as_string(x, timezone='UTC')}),
+                     "['2011-03-16T13:55Z', '1920-01-01T03:12Z']")
+
+        # Check that one NaT doesn't corrupt subsequent entries
+        a = np.array(['2010', 'NaT', '2030']).astype('M')
+        assert_equal(str(a), "['2010'  'NaT' '2030']")
+
+    def test_timedelta_array_str(self):
+        a = np.array([-1, 0, 100], dtype='m')
+        assert_equal(str(a), "[ -1   0 100]")
+        a = np.array(['NaT', 'NaT'], dtype='m')
+        assert_equal(str(a), "['NaT' 'NaT']")
+        # Check right-alignment with NaTs
+        a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 0], dtype='m')
+        assert_equal(str(a), "[   -1 'NaT'     0]")
+        a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 1234567], dtype='m')
+        assert_equal(str(a), "[     -1   'NaT' 1234567]")
+
+        # Test with other byteorder:
+        a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 1234567], dtype='>m')
+        assert_equal(str(a), "[     -1   'NaT' 1234567]")
+        a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 1234567], dtype=''\np4\nNNNI-1\nI-1\nI0\n((dp5\n(S'us'\np6\n" + \
+              b"I1\nI1\nI1\ntp7\ntp8\ntp9\nb."
+        assert_equal(pickle.loads(pkl), np.dtype('>M8[us]'))
+
+    def test_setstate(self):
+        "Verify that datetime dtype __setstate__ can handle bad arguments"
+        dt = np.dtype('>M8[us]')
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dt.__setstate__, (4, '>', None, None, None, -1, -1, 0, 1))
+        assert_(dt.__reduce__()[2] == np.dtype('>M8[us]').__reduce__()[2])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, dt.__setstate__, (4, '>', None, None, None, -1, -1, 0, ({}, 'xxx')))
+        assert_(dt.__reduce__()[2] == np.dtype('>M8[us]').__reduce__()[2])
+
+    def test_dtype_promotion(self):
+        # datetime  datetime computes the metadata gcd
+        # timedelta  timedelta computes the metadata gcd
+        for mM in ['m', 'M']:
+            assert_equal(
+                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[2Y]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[2Y]')),
+                np.dtype(mM+'8[2Y]'))
+            assert_equal(
+                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[12Y]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[15Y]')),
+                np.dtype(mM+'8[3Y]'))
+            assert_equal(
+                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[62M]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[24M]')),
+                np.dtype(mM+'8[2M]'))
+            assert_equal(
+                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[1W]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[2D]')),
+                np.dtype(mM+'8[1D]'))
+            assert_equal(
+                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[W]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[13s]')),
+                np.dtype(mM+'8[s]'))
+            assert_equal(
+                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[13W]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[49s]')),
+                np.dtype(mM+'8[7s]'))
+        # timedelta  timedelta raises when there is no reasonable gcd
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types,
+                            np.dtype('m8[Y]'), np.dtype('m8[D]'))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types,
+                            np.dtype('m8[M]'), np.dtype('m8[W]'))
+        # timedelta and float cannot be safely cast with each other
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "float32", "m8")
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "m8", "float32")
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "uint64", "m8")
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "m8", "uint64")
+
+        # timedelta  timedelta may overflow with big unit ranges
+        assert_raises(OverflowError, np.promote_types,
+                            np.dtype('m8[W]'), np.dtype('m8[fs]'))
+        assert_raises(OverflowError, np.promote_types,
+                            np.dtype('m8[s]'), np.dtype('m8[as]'))
+
+    def test_cast_overflow(self):
+        # gh-4486
+        def cast():
+            numpy.datetime64("1971-01-01 00:00:00.000000000000000").astype("datetime64[%s]',
+                                      'timedelta64[%s]'])
+    def test_isfinite_isinf_isnan_units(self, unit, dstr):
+        '''check isfinite, isinf, isnan for all units of M, m dtypes
+        '''
+        arr_val = [123, -321, "NaT"]
+        arr = np.array(arr_val,  dtype= dstr % unit)
+        pos = np.array([True, True,  False])
+        neg = np.array([False, False,  True])
+        false = np.array([False, False,  False])
+        assert_equal(np.isfinite(arr), pos)
+        assert_equal(np.isinf(arr), false)
+        assert_equal(np.isnan(arr), neg)
+
+    def test_assert_equal(self):
+        assert_raises(AssertionError, assert_equal,
+                np.datetime64('nat'), np.timedelta64('nat'))
+
+    def test_corecursive_input(self):
+        # construct a co-recursive list
+        a, b = [], []
+        a.append(b)
+        b.append(a)
+        obj_arr = np.array([None])
+        obj_arr[0] = a
+
+        # At some point this caused a stack overflow (gh-11154). Now raises
+        # ValueError since the nested list cannot be converted to a datetime.
+        assert_raises(ValueError, obj_arr.astype, 'M8')
+        assert_raises(ValueError, obj_arr.astype, 'm8')
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("shape", [(), (1,)])
+    def test_discovery_from_object_array(self, shape):
+        arr = np.array("2020-10-10", dtype=object).reshape(shape)
+        res = np.array("2020-10-10", dtype="M8").reshape(shape)
+        assert res.dtype == np.dtype("M8[D]")
+        assert_equal(arr.astype("M8"), res)
+        arr[...] = np.bytes_("2020-10-10")  # try a numpy string type
+        assert_equal(arr.astype("M8"), res)
+        arr = arr.astype("S")
+        assert_equal(arr.astype("S").astype("M8"), res)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("time_unit", [
+        "Y", "M", "W", "D", "h", "m", "s", "ms", "us", "ns", "ps", "fs", "as",
+        # compound units
+        "10D", "2M",
+    ])
+    def test_limit_symmetry(self, time_unit):
+        """
+        Dates should have symmetric limits around the unix epoch at +/-np.int64
+        """
+        epoch = np.datetime64(0, time_unit)
+        latest = np.datetime64(np.iinfo(np.int64).max, time_unit)
+        earliest = np.datetime64(-np.iinfo(np.int64).max, time_unit)
+
+        # above should not have overflowed
+        assert earliest < epoch < latest
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("time_unit", [
+        "Y", "M",
+        pytest.param("W", marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="gh-13197")),
+        "D", "h", "m",
+        "s", "ms", "us", "ns", "ps", "fs", "as",
+        pytest.param("10D", marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="similar to gh-13197")),
+    ])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sign", [-1, 1])
+    def test_limit_str_roundtrip(self, time_unit, sign):
+        """
+        Limits should roundtrip when converted to strings.
+
+        This tests the conversion to and from npy_datetimestruct.
+        """
+        # TODO: add absolute (gold standard) time span limit strings
+        limit = np.datetime64(np.iinfo(np.int64).max * sign, time_unit)
+
+        # Convert to string and back. Explicit unit needed since the day and
+        # week reprs are not distinguishable.
+        limit_via_str = np.datetime64(str(limit), time_unit)
+        assert limit_via_str == limit
+
+
+class TestDateTimeData:
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        a = np.array(['1980-03-23'], dtype=np.datetime64)
+        assert_equal(np.datetime_data(a.dtype), ('D', 1))
+
+    def test_bytes(self):
+        # byte units are converted to unicode
+        dt = np.datetime64('2000', (b'ms', 5))
+        assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('ms', 5)
+
+        dt = np.datetime64('2000', b'5ms')
+        assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('ms', 5)
+
+    def test_non_ascii(self):
+        # μs is normalized to μ
+        dt = np.datetime64('2000', ('μs', 5))
+        assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('us', 5)
+
+        dt = np.datetime64('2000', '5μs')
+        assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('us', 5)
+
+
+def test_comparisons_return_not_implemented():
+    # GH#17017
+
+    class custom:
+        __array_priority__ = 10000
+
+    obj = custom()
+
+    dt = np.datetime64('2000', 'ns')
+    td = dt - dt
+
+    for item in [dt, td]:
+        assert item.__eq__(obj) is NotImplemented
+        assert item.__ne__(obj) is NotImplemented
+        assert item.__le__(obj) is NotImplemented
+        assert item.__lt__(obj) is NotImplemented
+        assert item.__ge__(obj) is NotImplemented
+        assert item.__gt__(obj) is NotImplemented
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_defchararray.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_defchararray.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39699f457b93350c88118d7ed564fede7ddad6f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_defchararray.py
@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core.multiarray import _vec_string
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_array_equal, assert_raises,
+    assert_raises_regex
+    )
+
+kw_unicode_true = {'unicode': True}  # make 2to3 work properly
+kw_unicode_false = {'unicode': False}
+
+class TestBasic:
+    def test_from_object_array(self):
+        A = np.array([['abc', 2],
+                      ['long   ', '0123456789']], dtype='O')
+        B = np.char.array(A)
+        assert_equal(B.dtype.itemsize, 10)
+        assert_array_equal(B, [[b'abc', b'2'],
+                               [b'long', b'0123456789']])
+
+    def test_from_object_array_unicode(self):
+        A = np.array([['abc', 'Sigma \u03a3'],
+                      ['long   ', '0123456789']], dtype='O')
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.char.array, (A,))
+        B = np.char.array(A, **kw_unicode_true)
+        assert_equal(B.dtype.itemsize, 10 * np.array('a', 'U').dtype.itemsize)
+        assert_array_equal(B, [['abc', 'Sigma \u03a3'],
+                               ['long', '0123456789']])
+
+    def test_from_string_array(self):
+        A = np.array([[b'abc', b'foo'],
+                      [b'long   ', b'0123456789']])
+        assert_equal(A.dtype.type, np.bytes_)
+        B = np.char.array(A)
+        assert_array_equal(B, A)
+        assert_equal(B.dtype, A.dtype)
+        assert_equal(B.shape, A.shape)
+        B[0, 0] = 'changed'
+        assert_(B[0, 0] != A[0, 0])
+        C = np.char.asarray(A)
+        assert_array_equal(C, A)
+        assert_equal(C.dtype, A.dtype)
+        C[0, 0] = 'changed again'
+        assert_(C[0, 0] != B[0, 0])
+        assert_(C[0, 0] == A[0, 0])
+
+    def test_from_unicode_array(self):
+        A = np.array([['abc', 'Sigma \u03a3'],
+                      ['long   ', '0123456789']])
+        assert_equal(A.dtype.type, np.str_)
+        B = np.char.array(A)
+        assert_array_equal(B, A)
+        assert_equal(B.dtype, A.dtype)
+        assert_equal(B.shape, A.shape)
+        B = np.char.array(A, **kw_unicode_true)
+        assert_array_equal(B, A)
+        assert_equal(B.dtype, A.dtype)
+        assert_equal(B.shape, A.shape)
+
+        def fail():
+            np.char.array(A, **kw_unicode_false)
+
+        assert_raises(UnicodeEncodeError, fail)
+
+    def test_unicode_upconvert(self):
+        A = np.char.array(['abc'])
+        B = np.char.array(['\u03a3'])
+        assert_(issubclass((A + B).dtype.type, np.str_))
+
+    def test_from_string(self):
+        A = np.char.array(b'abc')
+        assert_equal(len(A), 1)
+        assert_equal(len(A[0]), 3)
+        assert_(issubclass(A.dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+
+    def test_from_unicode(self):
+        A = np.char.array('\u03a3')
+        assert_equal(len(A), 1)
+        assert_equal(len(A[0]), 1)
+        assert_equal(A.itemsize, 4)
+        assert_(issubclass(A.dtype.type, np.str_))
+
+class TestVecString:
+    def test_non_existent_method(self):
+
+        def fail():
+            _vec_string('a', np.bytes_, 'bogus')
+
+        assert_raises(AttributeError, fail)
+
+    def test_non_string_array(self):
+
+        def fail():
+            _vec_string(1, np.bytes_, 'strip')
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, fail)
+
+    def test_invalid_args_tuple(self):
+
+        def fail():
+            _vec_string(['a'], np.bytes_, 'strip', 1)
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, fail)
+
+    def test_invalid_type_descr(self):
+
+        def fail():
+            _vec_string(['a'], 'BOGUS', 'strip')
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, fail)
+
+    def test_invalid_function_args(self):
+
+        def fail():
+            _vec_string(['a'], np.bytes_, 'strip', (1,))
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, fail)
+
+    def test_invalid_result_type(self):
+
+        def fail():
+            _vec_string(['a'], np.int_, 'strip')
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, fail)
+
+    def test_broadcast_error(self):
+
+        def fail():
+            _vec_string([['abc', 'def']], np.int_, 'find', (['a', 'd', 'j'],))
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, fail)
+
+
+class TestWhitespace:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.A = np.array([['abc ', '123  '],
+                           ['789 ', 'xyz ']]).view(np.chararray)
+        self.B = np.array([['abc', '123'],
+                           ['789', 'xyz']]).view(np.chararray)
+
+    def test1(self):
+        assert_(np.all(self.A == self.B))
+        assert_(np.all(self.A >= self.B))
+        assert_(np.all(self.A <= self.B))
+        assert_(not np.any(self.A > self.B))
+        assert_(not np.any(self.A < self.B))
+        assert_(not np.any(self.A != self.B))
+
+class TestChar:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.A = np.array('abc1', dtype='c').view(np.chararray)
+
+    def test_it(self):
+        assert_equal(self.A.shape, (4,))
+        assert_equal(self.A.upper()[:2].tobytes(), b'AB')
+
+class TestComparisons:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.A = np.array([['abc', '123'],
+                           ['789', 'xyz']]).view(np.chararray)
+        self.B = np.array([['efg', '123  '],
+                           ['051', 'tuv']]).view(np.chararray)
+
+    def test_not_equal(self):
+        assert_array_equal((self.A != self.B), [[True, False], [True, True]])
+
+    def test_equal(self):
+        assert_array_equal((self.A == self.B), [[False, True], [False, False]])
+
+    def test_greater_equal(self):
+        assert_array_equal((self.A >= self.B), [[False, True], [True, True]])
+
+    def test_less_equal(self):
+        assert_array_equal((self.A <= self.B), [[True, True], [False, False]])
+
+    def test_greater(self):
+        assert_array_equal((self.A > self.B), [[False, False], [True, True]])
+
+    def test_less(self):
+        assert_array_equal((self.A < self.B), [[True, False], [False, False]])
+
+    def test_type(self):
+        out1 = np.char.equal(self.A, self.B)
+        out2 = np.char.equal('a', 'a')
+        assert_(isinstance(out1, np.ndarray))
+        assert_(isinstance(out2, np.ndarray))
+
+class TestComparisonsMixed1(TestComparisons):
+    """Ticket #1276"""
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        TestComparisons.setup_method(self)
+        self.B = np.array([['efg', '123  '],
+                           ['051', 'tuv']], np.str_).view(np.chararray)
+
+class TestComparisonsMixed2(TestComparisons):
+    """Ticket #1276"""
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        TestComparisons.setup_method(self)
+        self.A = np.array([['abc', '123'],
+                           ['789', 'xyz']], np.str_).view(np.chararray)
+
+class TestInformation:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.A = np.array([[' abc ', ''],
+                           ['12345', 'MixedCase'],
+                           ['123 \t 345 \0 ', 'UPPER']]).view(np.chararray)
+        self.B = np.array([[' \u03a3 ', ''],
+                           ['12345', 'MixedCase'],
+                           ['123 \t 345 \0 ', 'UPPER']]).view(np.chararray)
+
+    def test_len(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(np.char.str_len(self.A).dtype.type, np.integer))
+        assert_array_equal(np.char.str_len(self.A), [[5, 0], [5, 9], [12, 5]])
+        assert_array_equal(np.char.str_len(self.B), [[3, 0], [5, 9], [12, 5]])
+
+    def test_count(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.count('').dtype.type, np.integer))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.count('a'), [[1, 0], [0, 1], [0, 0]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.count('123'), [[0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 0]])
+        # Python doesn't seem to like counting NULL characters
+        # assert_array_equal(self.A.count('\0'), [[0, 0], [0, 0], [1, 0]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.count('a', 0, 2), [[1, 0], [0, 0], [0, 0]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.count('a'), [[0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 0]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.count('123'), [[0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 0]])
+        # assert_array_equal(self.B.count('\0'), [[0, 0], [0, 0], [1, 0]])
+
+    def test_endswith(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.endswith('').dtype.type, np.bool_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.endswith(' '), [[1, 0], [0, 0], [1, 0]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.endswith('3', 0, 3), [[0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 0]])
+
+        def fail():
+            self.A.endswith('3', 'fdjk')
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, fail)
+
+    def test_find(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.find('a').dtype.type, np.integer))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.find('a'), [[1, -1], [-1, 6], [-1, -1]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.find('3'), [[-1, -1], [2, -1], [2, -1]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.find('a', 0, 2), [[1, -1], [-1, -1], [-1, -1]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.find(['1', 'P']), [[-1, -1], [0, -1], [0, 1]])
+
+    def test_index(self):
+
+        def fail():
+            self.A.index('a')
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, fail)
+        assert_(np.char.index('abcba', 'b') == 1)
+        assert_(issubclass(np.char.index('abcba', 'b').dtype.type, np.integer))
+
+    def test_isalnum(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.isalnum().dtype.type, np.bool_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.isalnum(), [[False, False], [True, True], [False, True]])
+
+    def test_isalpha(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.isalpha().dtype.type, np.bool_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.isalpha(), [[False, False], [False, True], [False, True]])
+
+    def test_isdigit(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.isdigit().dtype.type, np.bool_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.isdigit(), [[False, False], [True, False], [False, False]])
+
+    def test_islower(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.islower().dtype.type, np.bool_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.islower(), [[True, False], [False, False], [False, False]])
+
+    def test_isspace(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.isspace().dtype.type, np.bool_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.isspace(), [[False, False], [False, False], [False, False]])
+
+    def test_istitle(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.istitle().dtype.type, np.bool_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.istitle(), [[False, False], [False, False], [False, False]])
+
+    def test_isupper(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.isupper().dtype.type, np.bool_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.isupper(), [[False, False], [False, False], [False, True]])
+
+    def test_rfind(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.rfind('a').dtype.type, np.integer))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.rfind('a'), [[1, -1], [-1, 6], [-1, -1]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.rfind('3'), [[-1, -1], [2, -1], [6, -1]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.rfind('a', 0, 2), [[1, -1], [-1, -1], [-1, -1]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.rfind(['1', 'P']), [[-1, -1], [0, -1], [0, 2]])
+
+    def test_rindex(self):
+
+        def fail():
+            self.A.rindex('a')
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, fail)
+        assert_(np.char.rindex('abcba', 'b') == 3)
+        assert_(issubclass(np.char.rindex('abcba', 'b').dtype.type, np.integer))
+
+    def test_startswith(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.startswith('').dtype.type, np.bool_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.startswith(' '), [[1, 0], [0, 0], [0, 0]])
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.startswith('1', 0, 3), [[0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 0]])
+
+        def fail():
+            self.A.startswith('3', 'fdjk')
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, fail)
+
+
+class TestMethods:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.A = np.array([[' abc ', ''],
+                           ['12345', 'MixedCase'],
+                           ['123 \t 345 \0 ', 'UPPER']],
+                          dtype='S').view(np.chararray)
+        self.B = np.array([[' \u03a3 ', ''],
+                           ['12345', 'MixedCase'],
+                           ['123 \t 345 \0 ', 'UPPER']]).view(np.chararray)
+
+    def test_capitalize(self):
+        tgt = [[b' abc ', b''],
+               [b'12345', b'Mixedcase'],
+               [b'123 \t 345 \0 ', b'Upper']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.capitalize().dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.capitalize(), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[' \u03c3 ', ''],
+               ['12345', 'Mixedcase'],
+               ['123 \t 345 \0 ', 'Upper']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.B.capitalize().dtype.type, np.str_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.capitalize(), tgt)
+
+    def test_center(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.center(10).dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        C = self.A.center([10, 20])
+        assert_array_equal(np.char.str_len(C), [[10, 20], [10, 20], [12, 20]])
+
+        C = self.A.center(20, b'#')
+        assert_(np.all(C.startswith(b'#')))
+        assert_(np.all(C.endswith(b'#')))
+
+        C = np.char.center(b'FOO', [[10, 20], [15, 8]])
+        tgt = [[b'   FOO    ', b'        FOO         '],
+               [b'      FOO      ', b'  FOO   ']]
+        assert_(issubclass(C.dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(C, tgt)
+
+    def test_decode(self):
+        A = np.char.array([b'\\u03a3'])
+        assert_(A.decode('unicode-escape')[0] == '\u03a3')
+
+    def test_encode(self):
+        B = self.B.encode('unicode_escape')
+        assert_(B[0][0] == str(' \\u03a3 ').encode('latin1'))
+
+    def test_expandtabs(self):
+        T = self.A.expandtabs()
+        assert_(T[2, 0] == b'123      345 \0')
+
+    def test_join(self):
+        # NOTE: list(b'123') == [49, 50, 51]
+        #       so that b','.join(b'123') results to an error on Py3
+        A0 = self.A.decode('ascii')
+
+        A = np.char.join([',', '#'], A0)
+        assert_(issubclass(A.dtype.type, np.str_))
+        tgt = np.array([[' ,a,b,c, ', ''],
+                        ['1,2,3,4,5', 'M#i#x#e#d#C#a#s#e'],
+                        ['1,2,3, ,\t, ,3,4,5, ,\x00, ', 'U#P#P#E#R']])
+        assert_array_equal(np.char.join([',', '#'], A0), tgt)
+
+    def test_ljust(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.ljust(10).dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+
+        C = self.A.ljust([10, 20])
+        assert_array_equal(np.char.str_len(C), [[10, 20], [10, 20], [12, 20]])
+
+        C = self.A.ljust(20, b'#')
+        assert_array_equal(C.startswith(b'#'), [
+                [False, True], [False, False], [False, False]])
+        assert_(np.all(C.endswith(b'#')))
+
+        C = np.char.ljust(b'FOO', [[10, 20], [15, 8]])
+        tgt = [[b'FOO       ', b'FOO                 '],
+               [b'FOO            ', b'FOO     ']]
+        assert_(issubclass(C.dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(C, tgt)
+
+    def test_lower(self):
+        tgt = [[b' abc ', b''],
+               [b'12345', b'mixedcase'],
+               [b'123 \t 345 \0 ', b'upper']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.lower().dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.lower(), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[' \u03c3 ', ''],
+               ['12345', 'mixedcase'],
+               ['123 \t 345 \0 ', 'upper']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.B.lower().dtype.type, np.str_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.lower(), tgt)
+
+    def test_lstrip(self):
+        tgt = [[b'abc ', b''],
+               [b'12345', b'MixedCase'],
+               [b'123 \t 345 \0 ', b'UPPER']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.lstrip().dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.lstrip(), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[b' abc', b''],
+               [b'2345', b'ixedCase'],
+               [b'23 \t 345 \x00', b'UPPER']]
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.lstrip([b'1', b'M']), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [['\u03a3 ', ''],
+               ['12345', 'MixedCase'],
+               ['123 \t 345 \0 ', 'UPPER']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.B.lstrip().dtype.type, np.str_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.lstrip(), tgt)
+
+    def test_partition(self):
+        P = self.A.partition([b'3', b'M'])
+        tgt = [[(b' abc ', b'', b''), (b'', b'', b'')],
+               [(b'12', b'3', b'45'), (b'', b'M', b'ixedCase')],
+               [(b'12', b'3', b' \t 345 \0 '), (b'UPPER', b'', b'')]]
+        assert_(issubclass(P.dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(P, tgt)
+
+    def test_replace(self):
+        R = self.A.replace([b'3', b'a'],
+                           [b'##########', b'@'])
+        tgt = [[b' abc ', b''],
+               [b'12##########45', b'MixedC@se'],
+               [b'12########## \t ##########45 \x00', b'UPPER']]
+        assert_(issubclass(R.dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(R, tgt)
+
+    def test_rjust(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.rjust(10).dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+
+        C = self.A.rjust([10, 20])
+        assert_array_equal(np.char.str_len(C), [[10, 20], [10, 20], [12, 20]])
+
+        C = self.A.rjust(20, b'#')
+        assert_(np.all(C.startswith(b'#')))
+        assert_array_equal(C.endswith(b'#'),
+                           [[False, True], [False, False], [False, False]])
+
+        C = np.char.rjust(b'FOO', [[10, 20], [15, 8]])
+        tgt = [[b'       FOO', b'                 FOO'],
+               [b'            FOO', b'     FOO']]
+        assert_(issubclass(C.dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(C, tgt)
+
+    def test_rpartition(self):
+        P = self.A.rpartition([b'3', b'M'])
+        tgt = [[(b'', b'', b' abc '), (b'', b'', b'')],
+               [(b'12', b'3', b'45'), (b'', b'M', b'ixedCase')],
+               [(b'123 \t ', b'3', b'45 \0 '), (b'', b'', b'UPPER')]]
+        assert_(issubclass(P.dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(P, tgt)
+
+    def test_rsplit(self):
+        A = self.A.rsplit(b'3')
+        tgt = [[[b' abc '], [b'']],
+               [[b'12', b'45'], [b'MixedCase']],
+               [[b'12', b' \t ', b'45 \x00 '], [b'UPPER']]]
+        assert_(issubclass(A.dtype.type, np.object_))
+        assert_equal(A.tolist(), tgt)
+
+    def test_rstrip(self):
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.rstrip().dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+
+        tgt = [[b' abc', b''],
+               [b'12345', b'MixedCase'],
+               [b'123 \t 345', b'UPPER']]
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.rstrip(), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[b' abc ', b''],
+               [b'1234', b'MixedCase'],
+               [b'123 \t 345 \x00', b'UPP']
+               ]
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.rstrip([b'5', b'ER']), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[' \u03a3', ''],
+               ['12345', 'MixedCase'],
+               ['123 \t 345', 'UPPER']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.B.rstrip().dtype.type, np.str_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.rstrip(), tgt)
+
+    def test_strip(self):
+        tgt = [[b'abc', b''],
+               [b'12345', b'MixedCase'],
+               [b'123 \t 345', b'UPPER']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.strip().dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.strip(), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[b' abc ', b''],
+               [b'234', b'ixedCas'],
+               [b'23 \t 345 \x00', b'UPP']]
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.strip([b'15', b'EReM']), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [['\u03a3', ''],
+               ['12345', 'MixedCase'],
+               ['123 \t 345', 'UPPER']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.B.strip().dtype.type, np.str_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.strip(), tgt)
+
+    def test_split(self):
+        A = self.A.split(b'3')
+        tgt = [
+               [[b' abc '], [b'']],
+               [[b'12', b'45'], [b'MixedCase']],
+               [[b'12', b' \t ', b'45 \x00 '], [b'UPPER']]]
+        assert_(issubclass(A.dtype.type, np.object_))
+        assert_equal(A.tolist(), tgt)
+
+    def test_splitlines(self):
+        A = np.char.array(['abc\nfds\nwer']).splitlines()
+        assert_(issubclass(A.dtype.type, np.object_))
+        assert_(A.shape == (1,))
+        assert_(len(A[0]) == 3)
+
+    def test_swapcase(self):
+        tgt = [[b' ABC ', b''],
+               [b'12345', b'mIXEDcASE'],
+               [b'123 \t 345 \0 ', b'upper']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.swapcase().dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.swapcase(), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[' \u03c3 ', ''],
+               ['12345', 'mIXEDcASE'],
+               ['123 \t 345 \0 ', 'upper']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.B.swapcase().dtype.type, np.str_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.swapcase(), tgt)
+
+    def test_title(self):
+        tgt = [[b' Abc ', b''],
+               [b'12345', b'Mixedcase'],
+               [b'123 \t 345 \0 ', b'Upper']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.title().dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.title(), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[' \u03a3 ', ''],
+               ['12345', 'Mixedcase'],
+               ['123 \t 345 \0 ', 'Upper']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.B.title().dtype.type, np.str_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.title(), tgt)
+
+    def test_upper(self):
+        tgt = [[b' ABC ', b''],
+               [b'12345', b'MIXEDCASE'],
+               [b'123 \t 345 \0 ', b'UPPER']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.A.upper().dtype.type, np.bytes_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.A.upper(), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[' \u03a3 ', ''],
+               ['12345', 'MIXEDCASE'],
+               ['123 \t 345 \0 ', 'UPPER']]
+        assert_(issubclass(self.B.upper().dtype.type, np.str_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.upper(), tgt)
+
+    def test_isnumeric(self):
+
+        def fail():
+            self.A.isnumeric()
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, fail)
+        assert_(issubclass(self.B.isnumeric().dtype.type, np.bool_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.isnumeric(), [
+                [False, False], [True, False], [False, False]])
+
+    def test_isdecimal(self):
+
+        def fail():
+            self.A.isdecimal()
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, fail)
+        assert_(issubclass(self.B.isdecimal().dtype.type, np.bool_))
+        assert_array_equal(self.B.isdecimal(), [
+                [False, False], [True, False], [False, False]])
+
+
+class TestOperations:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.A = np.array([['abc', '123'],
+                           ['789', 'xyz']]).view(np.chararray)
+        self.B = np.array([['efg', '456'],
+                           ['051', 'tuv']]).view(np.chararray)
+
+    def test_add(self):
+        AB = np.array([['abcefg', '123456'],
+                       ['789051', 'xyztuv']]).view(np.chararray)
+        assert_array_equal(AB, (self.A + self.B))
+        assert_(len((self.A + self.B)[0][0]) == 6)
+
+    def test_radd(self):
+        QA = np.array([['qabc', 'q123'],
+                       ['q789', 'qxyz']]).view(np.chararray)
+        assert_array_equal(QA, ('q' + self.A))
+
+    def test_mul(self):
+        A = self.A
+        for r in (2, 3, 5, 7, 197):
+            Ar = np.array([[A[0, 0]*r, A[0, 1]*r],
+                           [A[1, 0]*r, A[1, 1]*r]]).view(np.chararray)
+
+            assert_array_equal(Ar, (self.A * r))
+
+        for ob in [object(), 'qrs']:
+            with assert_raises_regex(ValueError,
+                                     'Can only multiply by integers'):
+                A*ob
+
+    def test_rmul(self):
+        A = self.A
+        for r in (2, 3, 5, 7, 197):
+            Ar = np.array([[A[0, 0]*r, A[0, 1]*r],
+                           [A[1, 0]*r, A[1, 1]*r]]).view(np.chararray)
+            assert_array_equal(Ar, (r * self.A))
+
+        for ob in [object(), 'qrs']:
+            with assert_raises_regex(ValueError,
+                                     'Can only multiply by integers'):
+                ob * A
+
+    def test_mod(self):
+        """Ticket #856"""
+        F = np.array([['%d', '%f'], ['%s', '%r']]).view(np.chararray)
+        C = np.array([[3, 7], [19, 1]])
+        FC = np.array([['3', '7.000000'],
+                       ['19', '1']]).view(np.chararray)
+        assert_array_equal(FC, F % C)
+
+        A = np.array([['%.3f', '%d'], ['%s', '%r']]).view(np.chararray)
+        A1 = np.array([['1.000', '1'], ['1', '1']]).view(np.chararray)
+        assert_array_equal(A1, (A % 1))
+
+        A2 = np.array([['1.000', '2'], ['3', '4']]).view(np.chararray)
+        assert_array_equal(A2, (A % [[1, 2], [3, 4]]))
+
+    def test_rmod(self):
+        assert_(("%s" % self.A) == str(self.A))
+        assert_(("%r" % self.A) == repr(self.A))
+
+        for ob in [42, object()]:
+            with assert_raises_regex(
+                    TypeError, "unsupported operand type.* and 'chararray'"):
+                ob % self.A
+
+    def test_slice(self):
+        """Regression test for https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/5982"""
+
+        arr = np.array([['abc ', 'def '], ['geh ', 'ijk ']],
+                       dtype='S4').view(np.chararray)
+        sl1 = arr[:]
+        assert_array_equal(sl1, arr)
+        assert_(sl1.base is arr)
+        assert_(sl1.base.base is arr.base)
+
+        sl2 = arr[:, :]
+        assert_array_equal(sl2, arr)
+        assert_(sl2.base is arr)
+        assert_(sl2.base.base is arr.base)
+
+        assert_(arr[0, 0] == b'abc')
+
+
+def test_empty_indexing():
+    """Regression test for ticket 1948."""
+    # Check that indexing a chararray with an empty list/array returns an
+    # empty chararray instead of a chararray with a single empty string in it.
+    s = np.chararray((4,))
+    assert_(s[[]].size == 0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["dt1", "dt2"],
+        [("S", "U"), ("U", "S"), ("S", "O"), ("U", "O"),
+         ("S", "d"), ("S", "V")])
+def test_add_types(dt1, dt2):
+    arr1 = np.array([1234234], dtype=dt1)
+    # If the following fails, e.g. use a number and test "V" explicitly
+    arr2 = np.array([b"423"], dtype=dt2)
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+            match=f".*same dtype kind.*{arr1.dtype}.*{arr2.dtype}"):
+        np.char.add(arr1, arr2)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_deprecations.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_deprecations.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3ada39e909afd8b9bdd4815c8cda8a5a650cd693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_deprecations.py
@@ -0,0 +1,817 @@
+"""
+Tests related to deprecation warnings. Also a convenient place
+to document how deprecations should eventually be turned into errors.
+
+"""
+import datetime
+import operator
+import warnings
+import pytest
+import tempfile
+import re
+import sys
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_raises, assert_warns, assert_, assert_array_equal, SkipTest,
+    KnownFailureException, break_cycles,
+    )
+
+from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import fromstring_null_term_c_api
+
+try:
+    import pytz
+    _has_pytz = True
+except ImportError:
+    _has_pytz = False
+
+
+class _DeprecationTestCase:
+    # Just as warning: warnings uses re.match, so the start of this message
+    # must match.
+    message = ''
+    warning_cls = DeprecationWarning
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.warn_ctx = warnings.catch_warnings(record=True)
+        self.log = self.warn_ctx.__enter__()
+
+        # Do *not* ignore other DeprecationWarnings. Ignoring warnings
+        # can give very confusing results because of
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue4180 and it is probably simplest to
+        # try to keep the tests cleanly giving only the right warning type.
+        # (While checking them set to "error" those are ignored anyway)
+        # We still have them show up, because otherwise they would be raised
+        warnings.filterwarnings("always", category=self.warning_cls)
+        warnings.filterwarnings("always", message=self.message,
+                                category=self.warning_cls)
+
+    def teardown_method(self):
+        self.warn_ctx.__exit__()
+
+    def assert_deprecated(self, function, num=1, ignore_others=False,
+                          function_fails=False,
+                          exceptions=np._NoValue,
+                          args=(), kwargs={}):
+        """Test if DeprecationWarnings are given and raised.
+
+        This first checks if the function when called gives `num`
+        DeprecationWarnings, after that it tries to raise these
+        DeprecationWarnings and compares them with `exceptions`.
+        The exceptions can be different for cases where this code path
+        is simply not anticipated and the exception is replaced.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        function : callable
+            The function to test
+        num : int
+            Number of DeprecationWarnings to expect. This should normally be 1.
+        ignore_others : bool
+            Whether warnings of the wrong type should be ignored (note that
+            the message is not checked)
+        function_fails : bool
+            If the function would normally fail, setting this will check for
+            warnings inside a try/except block.
+        exceptions : Exception or tuple of Exceptions
+            Exception to expect when turning the warnings into an error.
+            The default checks for DeprecationWarnings. If exceptions is
+            empty the function is expected to run successfully.
+        args : tuple
+            Arguments for `function`
+        kwargs : dict
+            Keyword arguments for `function`
+        """
+        __tracebackhide__ = True  # Hide traceback for py.test
+
+        # reset the log
+        self.log[:] = []
+
+        if exceptions is np._NoValue:
+            exceptions = (self.warning_cls,)
+
+        try:
+            function(*args, **kwargs)
+        except (Exception if function_fails else tuple()):
+            pass
+
+        # just in case, clear the registry
+        num_found = 0
+        for warning in self.log:
+            if warning.category is self.warning_cls:
+                num_found += 1
+            elif not ignore_others:
+                raise AssertionError(
+                        "expected %s but got: %s" %
+                        (self.warning_cls.__name__, warning.category))
+        if num is not None and num_found != num:
+            msg = "%i warnings found but %i expected." % (len(self.log), num)
+            lst = [str(w) for w in self.log]
+            raise AssertionError("\n".join([msg] + lst))
+
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.filterwarnings("error", message=self.message,
+                                    category=self.warning_cls)
+            try:
+                function(*args, **kwargs)
+                if exceptions != tuple():
+                    raise AssertionError(
+                            "No error raised during function call")
+            except exceptions:
+                if exceptions == tuple():
+                    raise AssertionError(
+                            "Error raised during function call")
+
+    def assert_not_deprecated(self, function, args=(), kwargs={}):
+        """Test that warnings are not raised.
+
+        This is just a shorthand for:
+
+        self.assert_deprecated(function, num=0, ignore_others=True,
+                        exceptions=tuple(), args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+        """
+        self.assert_deprecated(function, num=0, ignore_others=True,
+                        exceptions=tuple(), args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+
+
+class _VisibleDeprecationTestCase(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    warning_cls = np.VisibleDeprecationWarning
+
+
+class TestDatetime64Timezone(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    """Parsing of datetime64 with timezones deprecated in 1.11.0, because
+    datetime64 is now timezone naive rather than UTC only.
+
+    It will be quite a while before we can remove this, because, at the very
+    least, a lot of existing code uses the 'Z' modifier to avoid conversion
+    from local time to UTC, even if otherwise it handles time in a timezone
+    naive fashion.
+    """
+    def test_string(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.datetime64, args=('2000-01-01T00+01',))
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.datetime64, args=('2000-01-01T00Z',))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not _has_pytz,
+                        reason="The pytz module is not available.")
+    def test_datetime(self):
+        tz = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
+        dt = datetime.datetime(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=tz)
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.datetime64, args=(dt,))
+
+
+class TestArrayDataAttributeAssignmentDeprecation(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    """Assigning the 'data' attribute of an ndarray is unsafe as pointed
+     out in gh-7093. Eventually, such assignment should NOT be allowed, but
+     in the interests of maintaining backwards compatibility, only a Deprecation-
+     Warning will be raised instead for the time being to give developers time to
+     refactor relevant code.
+    """
+
+    def test_data_attr_assignment(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        b = np.linspace(0, 1, 10)
+
+        self.message = ("Assigning the 'data' attribute is an "
+                        "inherently unsafe operation and will "
+                        "be removed in the future.")
+        self.assert_deprecated(a.__setattr__, args=('data', b.data))
+
+
+class TestBinaryReprInsufficientWidthParameterForRepresentation(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    """
+    If a 'width' parameter is passed into ``binary_repr`` that is insufficient to
+    represent the number in base 2 (positive) or 2's complement (negative) form,
+    the function used to silently ignore the parameter and return a representation
+    using the minimal number of bits needed for the form in question. Such behavior
+    is now considered unsafe from a user perspective and will raise an error in the future.
+    """
+
+    def test_insufficient_width_positive(self):
+        args = (10,)
+        kwargs = {'width': 2}
+
+        self.message = ("Insufficient bit width provided. This behavior "
+                        "will raise an error in the future.")
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.binary_repr, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+
+    def test_insufficient_width_negative(self):
+        args = (-5,)
+        kwargs = {'width': 2}
+
+        self.message = ("Insufficient bit width provided. This behavior "
+                        "will raise an error in the future.")
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.binary_repr, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+
+
+class TestDTypeAttributeIsDTypeDeprecation(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated 2021-01-05, NumPy 1.21
+    message = r".*`.dtype` attribute"
+
+    def test_deprecation_dtype_attribute_is_dtype(self):
+        class dt:
+            dtype = "f8"
+
+        class vdt(np.void):
+            dtype = "f,f"
+
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.dtype(dt))
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.dtype(dt()))
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.dtype(vdt))
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.dtype(vdt(1)))
+
+
+class TestTestDeprecated:
+    def test_assert_deprecated(self):
+        test_case_instance = _DeprecationTestCase()
+        test_case_instance.setup_method()
+        assert_raises(AssertionError,
+                      test_case_instance.assert_deprecated,
+                      lambda: None)
+
+        def foo():
+            warnings.warn("foo", category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+        test_case_instance.assert_deprecated(foo)
+        test_case_instance.teardown_method()
+
+
+class TestNonNumericConjugate(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    """
+    Deprecate no-op behavior of ndarray.conjugate on non-numeric dtypes,
+    which conflicts with the error behavior of np.conjugate.
+    """
+    def test_conjugate(self):
+        for a in np.array(5), np.array(5j):
+            self.assert_not_deprecated(a.conjugate)
+        for a in (np.array('s'), np.array('2016', 'M'),
+                np.array((1, 2), [('a', int), ('b', int)])):
+            self.assert_deprecated(a.conjugate)
+
+
+class TestNPY_CHAR(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2017-05-03, 1.13.0
+    def test_npy_char_deprecation(self):
+        from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import npy_char_deprecation
+        self.assert_deprecated(npy_char_deprecation)
+        assert_(npy_char_deprecation() == 'S1')
+
+
+class TestPyArray_AS1D(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    def test_npy_pyarrayas1d_deprecation(self):
+        from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import npy_pyarrayas1d_deprecation
+        assert_raises(NotImplementedError, npy_pyarrayas1d_deprecation)
+
+
+class TestPyArray_AS2D(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    def test_npy_pyarrayas2d_deprecation(self):
+        from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import npy_pyarrayas2d_deprecation
+        assert_raises(NotImplementedError, npy_pyarrayas2d_deprecation)
+
+
+class TestDatetimeEvent(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2017-08-11, 1.14.0
+    def test_3_tuple(self):
+        for cls in (np.datetime64, np.timedelta64):
+            # two valid uses - (unit, num) and (unit, num, den, None)
+            self.assert_not_deprecated(cls, args=(1, ('ms', 2)))
+            self.assert_not_deprecated(cls, args=(1, ('ms', 2, 1, None)))
+
+            # trying to use the event argument, removed in 1.7.0, is deprecated
+            # it used to be a uint8
+            self.assert_deprecated(cls, args=(1, ('ms', 2, 'event')))
+            self.assert_deprecated(cls, args=(1, ('ms', 2, 63)))
+            self.assert_deprecated(cls, args=(1, ('ms', 2, 1, 'event')))
+            self.assert_deprecated(cls, args=(1, ('ms', 2, 1, 63)))
+
+
+class TestTruthTestingEmptyArrays(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2017-09-25, 1.14.0
+    message = '.*truth value of an empty array is ambiguous.*'
+
+    def test_1d(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(bool, args=(np.array([]),))
+
+    def test_2d(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(bool, args=(np.zeros((1, 0)),))
+        self.assert_deprecated(bool, args=(np.zeros((0, 1)),))
+        self.assert_deprecated(bool, args=(np.zeros((0, 0)),))
+
+
+class TestBincount(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2017-06-01, 1.14.0
+    def test_bincount_minlength(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.bincount([1, 2, 3], minlength=None))
+
+
+
+class TestGeneratorSum(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2018-02-25, 1.15.0
+    def test_generator_sum(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.sum, args=((i for i in range(5)),))
+
+
+class TestFromstring(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2017-10-19, 1.14
+    def test_fromstring(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.fromstring, args=('\x00'*80,))
+
+
+class TestFromStringAndFileInvalidData(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2019-06-08, 1.17.0
+    # Tests should be moved to real tests when deprecation is done.
+    message = "string or file could not be read to its end"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("invalid_str", [",invalid_data", "invalid_sep"])
+    def test_deprecate_unparsable_data_file(self, invalid_str):
+        x = np.array([1.51, 2, 3.51, 4], dtype=float)
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryFile(mode="w") as f:
+            x.tofile(f, sep=',', format='%.2f')
+            f.write(invalid_str)
+
+            f.seek(0)
+            self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.fromfile(f, sep=","))
+            f.seek(0)
+            self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.fromfile(f, sep=",", count=5))
+            # Should not raise:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter("error", DeprecationWarning)
+                f.seek(0)
+                res = np.fromfile(f, sep=",", count=4)
+                assert_array_equal(res, x)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("invalid_str", [",invalid_data", "invalid_sep"])
+    def test_deprecate_unparsable_string(self, invalid_str):
+        x = np.array([1.51, 2, 3.51, 4], dtype=float)
+        x_str = "1.51,2,3.51,4{}".format(invalid_str)
+
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.fromstring(x_str, sep=","))
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.fromstring(x_str, sep=",", count=5))
+
+        # The C-level API can use not fixed size, but 0 terminated strings,
+        # so test that as well:
+        bytestr = x_str.encode("ascii")
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: fromstring_null_term_c_api(bytestr))
+
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            # this is slightly strange, in that fromstring leaves data
+            # potentially uninitialized (would be good to error when all is
+            # read, but count is larger then actual data maybe).
+            res = np.fromstring(x_str, sep=",", count=5)
+            assert_array_equal(res[:-1], x)
+
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error", DeprecationWarning)
+
+            # Should not raise:
+            res = np.fromstring(x_str, sep=",", count=4)
+            assert_array_equal(res, x)
+
+
+class Test_GetSet_NumericOps(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2018-09-20, 1.16.0
+    def test_get_numeric_ops(self):
+        from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import getset_numericops
+        self.assert_deprecated(getset_numericops, num=2)
+
+        # empty kwargs prevents any state actually changing which would break
+        # other tests.
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.set_numeric_ops, kwargs={})
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.set_numeric_ops, add='abc')
+
+
+class TestShape1Fields(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    warning_cls = FutureWarning
+
+    # 2019-05-20, 1.17.0
+    def test_shape_1_fields(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.dtype, args=([('a', int, 1)],))
+
+
+class TestNonZero(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2019-05-26, 1.17.0
+    def test_zerod(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.nonzero(np.array(0)))
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.nonzero(np.array(1)))
+
+
+class TestToString(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2020-03-06 1.19.0
+    message = re.escape("tostring() is deprecated. Use tobytes() instead.")
+
+    def test_tostring(self):
+        arr = np.array(list(b"test\xFF"), dtype=np.uint8)
+        self.assert_deprecated(arr.tostring)
+
+    def test_tostring_matches_tobytes(self):
+        arr = np.array(list(b"test\xFF"), dtype=np.uint8)
+        b = arr.tobytes()
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            s = arr.tostring()
+        assert s == b
+
+
+class TestDTypeCoercion(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2020-02-06 1.19.0
+    message = "Converting .* to a dtype .*is deprecated"
+    deprecated_types = [
+        # The builtin scalar super types:
+        np.generic, np.flexible, np.number,
+        np.inexact, np.floating, np.complexfloating,
+        np.integer, np.unsignedinteger, np.signedinteger,
+        # character is a deprecated S1 special case:
+        np.character,
+    ]
+
+    def test_dtype_coercion(self):
+        for scalar_type in self.deprecated_types:
+            self.assert_deprecated(np.dtype, args=(scalar_type,))
+
+    def test_array_construction(self):
+        for scalar_type in self.deprecated_types:
+            self.assert_deprecated(np.array, args=([], scalar_type,))
+
+    def test_not_deprecated(self):
+        # All specific types are not deprecated:
+        for group in np.sctypes.values():
+            for scalar_type in group:
+                self.assert_not_deprecated(np.dtype, args=(scalar_type,))
+
+        for scalar_type in [type, dict, list, tuple]:
+            # Typical python types are coerced to object currently:
+            self.assert_not_deprecated(np.dtype, args=(scalar_type,))
+
+
+class BuiltInRoundComplexDType(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2020-03-31 1.19.0
+    deprecated_types = [np.csingle, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble]
+    not_deprecated_types = [
+        np.int8, np.int16, np.int32, np.int64,
+        np.uint8, np.uint16, np.uint32, np.uint64,
+        np.float16, np.float32, np.float64,
+    ]
+
+    def test_deprecated(self):
+        for scalar_type in self.deprecated_types:
+            scalar = scalar_type(0)
+            self.assert_deprecated(round, args=(scalar,))
+            self.assert_deprecated(round, args=(scalar, 0))
+            self.assert_deprecated(round, args=(scalar,), kwargs={'ndigits': 0})
+
+    def test_not_deprecated(self):
+        for scalar_type in self.not_deprecated_types:
+            scalar = scalar_type(0)
+            self.assert_not_deprecated(round, args=(scalar,))
+            self.assert_not_deprecated(round, args=(scalar, 0))
+            self.assert_not_deprecated(round, args=(scalar,), kwargs={'ndigits': 0})
+
+
+class TestIncorrectAdvancedIndexWithEmptyResult(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2020-05-27, NumPy 1.20.0
+    message = "Out of bound index found. This was previously ignored.*"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("index", [([3, 0],), ([0, 0], [3, 0])])
+    def test_empty_subspace(self, index):
+        # Test for both a single and two/multiple advanced indices. These
+        # This will raise an IndexError in the future.
+        arr = np.ones((2, 2, 0))
+        self.assert_deprecated(arr.__getitem__, args=(index,))
+        self.assert_deprecated(arr.__setitem__, args=(index, 0.))
+
+        # for this array, the subspace is only empty after applying the slice
+        arr2 = np.ones((2, 2, 1))
+        index2 = (slice(0, 0),) + index
+        self.assert_deprecated(arr2.__getitem__, args=(index2,))
+        self.assert_deprecated(arr2.__setitem__, args=(index2, 0.))
+
+    def test_empty_index_broadcast_not_deprecated(self):
+        arr = np.ones((2, 2, 2))
+
+        index = ([[3], [2]], [])  # broadcast to an empty result.
+        self.assert_not_deprecated(arr.__getitem__, args=(index,))
+        self.assert_not_deprecated(arr.__setitem__,
+                                   args=(index, np.empty((2, 0, 2))))
+
+
+class TestNonExactMatchDeprecation(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2020-04-22
+    def test_non_exact_match(self):
+        arr = np.array([[3, 6, 6], [4, 5, 1]])
+        # misspelt mode check
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.ravel_multi_index(arr, (7, 6), mode='Cilp'))
+        # using completely different word with first character as R
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.searchsorted(arr[0], 4, side='Random'))
+
+
+class TestMatrixInOuter(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2020-05-13 NumPy 1.20.0
+    message = (r"add.outer\(\) was passed a numpy matrix as "
+               r"(first|second) argument.")
+
+    def test_deprecated(self):
+        arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        m = np.array([1, 2, 3]).view(np.matrix)
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.add.outer, args=(m, m), num=2)
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.add.outer, args=(arr, m))
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.add.outer, args=(m, arr))
+        self.assert_not_deprecated(np.add.outer, args=(arr, arr))
+
+
+class FlatteningConcatenateUnsafeCast(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # NumPy 1.20, 2020-09-03
+    message = "concatenate with `axis=None` will use same-kind casting"
+
+    def test_deprecated(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.concatenate,
+                args=(([0.], [1.]),),
+                kwargs=dict(axis=None, out=np.empty(2, dtype=np.int64)))
+
+    def test_not_deprecated(self):
+        self.assert_not_deprecated(np.concatenate,
+                args=(([0.], [1.]),),
+                kwargs={'axis': None, 'out': np.empty(2, dtype=np.int64),
+                        'casting': "unsafe"})
+
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            # Tests should notice if the deprecation warning is given first...
+            np.concatenate(([0.], [1.]), out=np.empty(2, dtype=np.int64),
+                           casting="same_kind")
+
+
+class TestDeprecatedUnpickleObjectScalar(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated 2020-11-24, NumPy 1.20
+    """
+    Technically, it should be impossible to create numpy object scalars,
+    but there was an unpickle path that would in theory allow it. That
+    path is invalid and must lead to the warning.
+    """
+    message = "Unpickling a scalar with object dtype is deprecated."
+
+    def test_deprecated(self):
+        ctor = np.core.multiarray.scalar
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: ctor(np.dtype("O"), 1))
+
+
+class TestSingleElementSignature(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated 2021-04-01, NumPy 1.21
+    message = r"The use of a length 1"
+
+    def test_deprecated(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.add(1, 2, signature="d"))
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.add(1, 2, sig=(np.dtype("l"),)))
+
+
+class TestCtypesGetter(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated 2021-05-18, Numpy 1.21.0
+    warning_cls = DeprecationWarning
+    ctypes = np.array([1]).ctypes
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "name", ["get_data", "get_shape", "get_strides", "get_as_parameter"]
+    )
+    def test_deprecated(self, name: str) -> None:
+        func = getattr(self.ctypes, name)
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: func())
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "name", ["data", "shape", "strides", "_as_parameter_"]
+    )
+    def test_not_deprecated(self, name: str) -> None:
+        self.assert_not_deprecated(lambda: getattr(self.ctypes, name))
+
+
+PARTITION_DICT = {
+    "partition method": np.arange(10).partition,
+    "argpartition method": np.arange(10).argpartition,
+    "partition function": lambda kth: np.partition(np.arange(10), kth),
+    "argpartition function": lambda kth: np.argpartition(np.arange(10), kth),
+}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("func", PARTITION_DICT.values(), ids=PARTITION_DICT)
+class TestPartitionBoolIndex(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated 2021-09-29, NumPy 1.22
+    warning_cls = DeprecationWarning
+    message = "Passing booleans as partition index is deprecated"
+
+    def test_deprecated(self, func):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: func(True))
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: func([False, True]))
+
+    def test_not_deprecated(self, func):
+        self.assert_not_deprecated(lambda: func(1))
+        self.assert_not_deprecated(lambda: func([0, 1]))
+
+
+class TestMachAr(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated 2022-11-22, NumPy 1.25
+    warning_cls = DeprecationWarning
+
+    def test_deprecated_module(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: getattr(np.core, "MachAr"))
+
+
+class TestQuantileInterpolationDeprecation(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated 2021-11-08, NumPy 1.22
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("func",
+        [np.percentile, np.quantile, np.nanpercentile, np.nanquantile])
+    def test_deprecated(self, func):
+        self.assert_deprecated(
+            lambda: func([0., 1.], 0., interpolation="linear"))
+        self.assert_deprecated(
+            lambda: func([0., 1.], 0., interpolation="nearest"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("func",
+            [np.percentile, np.quantile, np.nanpercentile, np.nanquantile])
+    def test_both_passed(self, func):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            # catch the DeprecationWarning so that it does not raise:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always", DeprecationWarning)
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+                func([0., 1.], 0., interpolation="nearest", method="nearest")
+
+
+class TestMemEventHook(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated 2021-11-18, NumPy 1.23
+    def test_mem_seteventhook(self):
+        # The actual tests are within the C code in
+        # multiarray/_multiarray_tests.c.src
+        import numpy.core._multiarray_tests as ma_tests
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning,
+                          match='PyDataMem_SetEventHook is deprecated'):
+            ma_tests.test_pydatamem_seteventhook_start()
+        # force an allocation and free of a numpy array
+        # needs to be larger then limit of small memory cacher in ctors.c
+        a = np.zeros(1000)
+        del a
+        break_cycles()
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning,
+                          match='PyDataMem_SetEventHook is deprecated'):
+            ma_tests.test_pydatamem_seteventhook_end()
+
+
+class TestArrayFinalizeNone(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    message = "Setting __array_finalize__ = None"
+
+    def test_use_none_is_deprecated(self):
+        # Deprecated way that ndarray itself showed nothing needs finalizing.
+        class NoFinalize(np.ndarray):
+            __array_finalize__ = None
+
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.array(1).view(NoFinalize))
+
+class TestAxisNotMAXDIMS(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated 2022-01-08, NumPy 1.23
+    message = r"Using `axis=32` \(MAXDIMS\) is deprecated"
+
+    def test_deprecated(self):
+        a = np.zeros((1,)*32)
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.repeat(a, 1, axis=np.MAXDIMS))
+
+
+class TestLoadtxtParseIntsViaFloat(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated 2022-07-03, NumPy 1.23
+    # This test can be removed without replacement after the deprecation.
+    # The tests:
+    #   * numpy/lib/tests/test_loadtxt.py::test_integer_signs
+    #   * lib/tests/test_loadtxt.py::test_implicit_cast_float_to_int_fails
+    # Have a warning filter that needs to be removed.
+    message = r"loadtxt\(\): Parsing an integer via a float is deprecated.*"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["AllInteger"])
+    def test_deprecated_warning(self, dtype):
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match=self.message):
+            np.loadtxt(["10.5"], dtype=dtype)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["AllInteger"])
+    def test_deprecated_raised(self, dtype):
+        # The DeprecationWarning is chained when raised, so test manually:
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error", DeprecationWarning)
+            try:
+                np.loadtxt(["10.5"], dtype=dtype)
+            except ValueError as e:
+                assert isinstance(e.__cause__, DeprecationWarning)
+
+
+class TestScalarConversion(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2023-01-02, 1.25.0
+    def test_float_conversion(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(float, args=(np.array([3.14]),))
+
+    def test_behaviour(self):
+        b = np.array([[3.14]])
+        c = np.zeros(5)
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            c[0] = b
+
+
+class TestPyIntConversion(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    message = r".*stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound.*"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["AllInteger"])
+    def test_deprecated_scalar(self, dtype):
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+        info = np.iinfo(dtype)
+
+        # Cover the most common creation paths (all end up in the
+        # same place):
+        def scalar(value, dtype):
+            dtype.type(value)
+
+        def assign(value, dtype):
+            arr = np.array([0, 0, 0], dtype=dtype)
+            arr[2] = value
+
+        def create(value, dtype):
+            np.array([value], dtype=dtype)
+
+        for creation_func in [scalar, assign, create]:
+            try:
+                self.assert_deprecated(
+                        lambda: creation_func(info.min - 1, dtype))
+            except OverflowError:
+                pass  # OverflowErrors always happened also before and are OK.
+
+            try:
+                self.assert_deprecated(
+                        lambda: creation_func(info.max + 1, dtype))
+            except OverflowError:
+                pass  # OverflowErrors always happened also before and are OK.
+
+
+class TestDeprecatedGlobals(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated 2022-11-17, NumPy 1.24
+    def test_type_aliases(self):
+        # from builtins
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.bool8)
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.int0)
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.uint0)
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.bytes0)
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.str0)
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.object0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name",
+        ["bool", "long", "ulong", "str", "bytes", "object"])
+def test_future_scalar_attributes(name):
+    # FutureWarning added 2022-11-17, NumPy 1.24,
+    assert name not in dir(np)  # we may want to not add them
+    with pytest.warns(FutureWarning,
+            match=f"In the future .*{name}"):
+        assert not hasattr(np, name)
+
+    # Unfortunately, they are currently still valid via `np.dtype()`
+    np.dtype(name)
+    name in np.sctypeDict
+
+
+# Ignore the above future attribute warning for this test.
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:In the future:FutureWarning")
+class TestRemovedGlobals:
+    # Removed 2023-01-12, NumPy 1.24.0
+    # Not a deprecation, but the large error was added to aid those who missed
+    # the previous deprecation, and should be removed similarly to one
+    # (or faster).
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name",
+            ["object", "bool", "float", "complex", "str", "int"])
+    def test_attributeerror_includes_info(self, name):
+        msg = f".*\n`np.{name}` was a deprecated alias for the builtin"
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg):
+            getattr(np, name)
+
+
+class TestDeprecatedFinfo(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated in NumPy 1.25, 2023-01-16
+    def test_deprecated_none(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(np.finfo, args=(None,))
+
+class TestFromnumeric(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # 2023-02-28, 1.25.0
+    def test_round_(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.round_(np.array([1.5, 2.5, 3.5])))
+
+    # 2023-03-02, 1.25.0
+    def test_cumproduct(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.cumproduct(np.array([1, 2, 3])))
+
+    # 2023-03-02, 1.25.0
+    def test_product(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.product(np.array([1, 2, 3])))
+
+    # 2023-03-02, 1.25.0
+    def test_sometrue(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.sometrue(np.array([True, False])))
+
+    # 2023-03-02, 1.25.0
+    def test_alltrue(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.alltrue(np.array([True, False])))
+
+
+class TestMathAlias(_DeprecationTestCase):
+    # Deprecated in Numpy 1.25, 2023-04-06
+    def test_deprecated_np_math(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.math)
+
+    def test_deprecated_np_lib_math(self):
+        self.assert_deprecated(lambda: np.lib.math)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_dlpack.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_dlpack.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49249bc6a8b48383d0a318f7a6a45403ad1b095f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_dlpack.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import sys
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import assert_array_equal, IS_PYPY
+
+
+class TestDLPack:
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYPY, reason="PyPy can't get refcounts.")
+    def test_dunder_dlpack_refcount(self):
+        x = np.arange(5)
+        y = x.__dlpack__()
+        assert sys.getrefcount(x) == 3
+        del y
+        assert sys.getrefcount(x) == 2
+
+    def test_dunder_dlpack_stream(self):
+        x = np.arange(5)
+        x.__dlpack__(stream=None)
+
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            x.__dlpack__(stream=1)
+
+    def test_strides_not_multiple_of_itemsize(self):
+        dt = np.dtype([('int', np.int32), ('char', np.int8)])
+        y = np.zeros((5,), dtype=dt)
+        z = y['int']
+
+        with pytest.raises(BufferError):
+            np.from_dlpack(z)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYPY, reason="PyPy can't get refcounts.")
+    def test_from_dlpack_refcount(self):
+        x = np.arange(5)
+        y = np.from_dlpack(x)
+        assert sys.getrefcount(x) == 3
+        del y
+        assert sys.getrefcount(x) == 2
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [
+        np.bool_,
+        np.int8, np.int16, np.int32, np.int64,
+        np.uint8, np.uint16, np.uint32, np.uint64,
+        np.float16, np.float32, np.float64,
+        np.complex64, np.complex128
+    ])
+    def test_dtype_passthrough(self, dtype):
+        x = np.arange(5).astype(dtype)
+        y = np.from_dlpack(x)
+
+        assert y.dtype == x.dtype
+        assert_array_equal(x, y)
+
+    def test_invalid_dtype(self):
+        x = np.asarray(np.datetime64('2021-05-27'))
+
+        with pytest.raises(BufferError):
+            np.from_dlpack(x)
+
+    def test_invalid_byte_swapping(self):
+        dt = np.dtype('=i8').newbyteorder()
+        x = np.arange(5, dtype=dt)
+
+        with pytest.raises(BufferError):
+            np.from_dlpack(x)
+
+    def test_non_contiguous(self):
+        x = np.arange(25).reshape((5, 5))
+
+        y1 = x[0]
+        assert_array_equal(y1, np.from_dlpack(y1))
+
+        y2 = x[:, 0]
+        assert_array_equal(y2, np.from_dlpack(y2))
+
+        y3 = x[1, :]
+        assert_array_equal(y3, np.from_dlpack(y3))
+
+        y4 = x[1]
+        assert_array_equal(y4, np.from_dlpack(y4))
+
+        y5 = np.diagonal(x).copy()
+        assert_array_equal(y5, np.from_dlpack(y5))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ndim", range(33))
+    def test_higher_dims(self, ndim):
+        shape = (1,) * ndim
+        x = np.zeros(shape, dtype=np.float64)
+
+        assert shape == np.from_dlpack(x).shape
+
+    def test_dlpack_device(self):
+        x = np.arange(5)
+        assert x.__dlpack_device__() == (1, 0)
+        y = np.from_dlpack(x)
+        assert y.__dlpack_device__() == (1, 0)
+        z = y[::2]
+        assert z.__dlpack_device__() == (1, 0)
+
+    def dlpack_deleter_exception(self):
+        x = np.arange(5)
+        _ = x.__dlpack__()
+        raise RuntimeError
+
+    def test_dlpack_destructor_exception(self):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            self.dlpack_deleter_exception()
+
+    def test_readonly(self):
+        x = np.arange(5)
+        x.flags.writeable = False
+        with pytest.raises(BufferError):
+            x.__dlpack__()
+
+    def test_ndim0(self):
+        x = np.array(1.0)
+        y = np.from_dlpack(x)
+        assert_array_equal(x, y)
+
+    def test_size1dims_arrays(self):
+        x = np.ndarray(dtype='f8', shape=(10, 5, 1), strides=(8, 80, 4),
+                       buffer=np.ones(1000, dtype=np.uint8), order='F')
+        y = np.from_dlpack(x)
+        assert_array_equal(x, y)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_dtype.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_dtype.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac155b67baf0c860fbbb16c3c5226feafa914017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_dtype.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1906 @@
+import sys
+import operator
+import pytest
+import ctypes
+import gc
+import types
+from typing import Any
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.dtypes
+from numpy.core._rational_tests import rational
+from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import create_custom_field_dtype
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_array_equal, assert_raises, HAS_REFCOUNT,
+    IS_PYSTON, _OLD_PROMOTION)
+from numpy.compat import pickle
+from itertools import permutations
+import random
+
+import hypothesis
+from hypothesis.extra import numpy as hynp
+
+
+
+def assert_dtype_equal(a, b):
+    assert_equal(a, b)
+    assert_equal(hash(a), hash(b),
+                 "two equivalent types do not hash to the same value !")
+
+def assert_dtype_not_equal(a, b):
+    assert_(a != b)
+    assert_(hash(a) != hash(b),
+            "two different types hash to the same value !")
+
+class TestBuiltin:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t', [int, float, complex, np.int32, str, object,
+                                   np.compat.unicode])
+    def test_run(self, t):
+        """Only test hash runs at all."""
+        dt = np.dtype(t)
+        hash(dt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t', [int, float])
+    def test_dtype(self, t):
+        # Make sure equivalent byte order char hash the same (e.g. < and = on
+        # little endian)
+        dt = np.dtype(t)
+        dt2 = dt.newbyteorder("<")
+        dt3 = dt.newbyteorder(">")
+        if dt == dt2:
+            assert_(dt.byteorder != dt2.byteorder, "bogus test")
+            assert_dtype_equal(dt, dt2)
+        else:
+            assert_(dt.byteorder != dt3.byteorder, "bogus test")
+            assert_dtype_equal(dt, dt3)
+
+    def test_equivalent_dtype_hashing(self):
+        # Make sure equivalent dtypes with different type num hash equal
+        uintp = np.dtype(np.uintp)
+        if uintp.itemsize == 4:
+            left = uintp
+            right = np.dtype(np.uint32)
+        else:
+            left = uintp
+            right = np.dtype(np.ulonglong)
+        assert_(left == right)
+        assert_(hash(left) == hash(right))
+
+    def test_invalid_types(self):
+        # Make sure invalid type strings raise an error
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'O3')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'O5')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'O7')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'b3')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'h4')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'I5')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'e3')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'f5')
+
+        if np.dtype('g').itemsize == 8 or np.dtype('g').itemsize == 16:
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'g12')
+        elif np.dtype('g').itemsize == 12:
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'g16')
+
+        if np.dtype('l').itemsize == 8:
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'l4')
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'L4')
+        else:
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'l8')
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'L8')
+
+        if np.dtype('q').itemsize == 8:
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'q4')
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'Q4')
+        else:
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'q8')
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'Q8')
+
+    def test_richcompare_invalid_dtype_equality(self):
+        # Make sure objects that cannot be converted to valid
+        # dtypes results in False/True when compared to valid dtypes.
+        # Here 7 cannot be converted to dtype. No exceptions should be raised
+
+        assert not np.dtype(np.int32) == 7, "dtype richcompare failed for =="
+        assert np.dtype(np.int32) != 7, "dtype richcompare failed for !="
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        'operation',
+        [operator.le, operator.lt, operator.ge, operator.gt])
+    def test_richcompare_invalid_dtype_comparison(self, operation):
+        # Make sure TypeError is raised for comparison operators
+        # for invalid dtypes. Here 7 is an invalid dtype.
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            operation(np.dtype(np.int32), 7)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype",
+             ['Bool', 'Bytes0', 'Complex32', 'Complex64',
+              'Datetime64', 'Float16', 'Float32', 'Float64',
+              'Int8', 'Int16', 'Int32', 'Int64',
+              'Object0', 'Str0', 'Timedelta64',
+              'UInt8', 'UInt16', 'Uint32', 'UInt32',
+              'Uint64', 'UInt64', 'Void0',
+              "Float128", "Complex128"])
+    def test_numeric_style_types_are_invalid(self, dtype):
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            np.dtype(dtype)
+
+    def test_remaining_dtypes_with_bad_bytesize(self):
+        # The np. aliases were deprecated, these probably should be too 
+        assert np.dtype("int0") is np.dtype("intp")
+        assert np.dtype("uint0") is np.dtype("uintp")
+        assert np.dtype("bool8") is np.dtype("bool")
+        assert np.dtype("bytes0") is np.dtype("bytes")
+        assert np.dtype("str0") is np.dtype("str")
+        assert np.dtype("object0") is np.dtype("object")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        'value',
+        ['m8', 'M8', 'datetime64', 'timedelta64',
+         'i4, (2,3)f8, f4', 'a3, 3u8, (3,4)a10',
+         '>f', '= (3, 12),
+    reason="Python 3.12 has immortal refcounts, this test will no longer "
+           "work. See gh-23986"
+)
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_REFCOUNT, reason="Python lacks refcounts")
+class TestStructuredObjectRefcounting:
+    """These tests cover various uses of complicated structured types which
+    include objects and thus require reference counting.
+    """
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(['dt', 'pat', 'count', 'singleton'],
+                             iter_struct_object_dtypes())
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["creation_func", "creation_obj"], [
+        pytest.param(np.empty, None,
+             # None is probably used for too many things
+             marks=pytest.mark.skip("unreliable due to python's behaviour")),
+        (np.ones, 1),
+        (np.zeros, 0)])
+    def test_structured_object_create_delete(self, dt, pat, count, singleton,
+                                             creation_func, creation_obj):
+        """Structured object reference counting in creation and deletion"""
+        # The test assumes that 0, 1, and None are singletons.
+        gc.collect()
+        before = sys.getrefcount(creation_obj)
+        arr = creation_func(3, dt)
+
+        now = sys.getrefcount(creation_obj)
+        assert now - before == count * 3
+        del arr
+        now = sys.getrefcount(creation_obj)
+        assert now == before
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(['dt', 'pat', 'count', 'singleton'],
+                             iter_struct_object_dtypes())
+    def test_structured_object_item_setting(self, dt, pat, count, singleton):
+        """Structured object reference counting for simple item setting"""
+        one = 1
+
+        gc.collect()
+        before = sys.getrefcount(singleton)
+        arr = np.array([pat] * 3, dt)
+        assert sys.getrefcount(singleton) - before == count * 3
+        # Fill with `1` and check that it was replaced correctly:
+        before2 = sys.getrefcount(one)
+        arr[...] = one
+        after2 = sys.getrefcount(one)
+        assert after2 - before2 == count * 3
+        del arr
+        gc.collect()
+        assert sys.getrefcount(one) == before2
+        assert sys.getrefcount(singleton) == before
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(['dt', 'pat', 'count', 'singleton'],
+                             iter_struct_object_dtypes())
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ['shape', 'index', 'items_changed'],
+        [((3,), ([0, 2],), 2),
+         ((3, 2), ([0, 2], slice(None)), 4),
+         ((3, 2), ([0, 2], [1]), 2),
+         ((3,), ([True, False, True]), 2)])
+    def test_structured_object_indexing(self, shape, index, items_changed,
+                                        dt, pat, count, singleton):
+        """Structured object reference counting for advanced indexing."""
+        # Use two small negative values (should be singletons, but less likely
+        # to run into race-conditions).  This failed in some threaded envs
+        # When using 0 and 1.  If it fails again, should remove all explicit
+        # checks, and rely on `pytest-leaks` reference count checker only.
+        val0 = -4
+        val1 = -5
+
+        arr = np.full(shape, val0, dt)
+
+        gc.collect()
+        before_val0 = sys.getrefcount(val0)
+        before_val1 = sys.getrefcount(val1)
+        # Test item getting:
+        part = arr[index]
+        after_val0 = sys.getrefcount(val0)
+        assert after_val0 - before_val0 == count * items_changed
+        del part
+        # Test item setting:
+        arr[index] = val1
+        gc.collect()
+        after_val0 = sys.getrefcount(val0)
+        after_val1 = sys.getrefcount(val1)
+        assert before_val0 - after_val0 == count * items_changed
+        assert after_val1 - before_val1 == count * items_changed
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(['dt', 'pat', 'count', 'singleton'],
+                             iter_struct_object_dtypes())
+    def test_structured_object_take_and_repeat(self, dt, pat, count, singleton):
+        """Structured object reference counting for specialized functions.
+        The older functions such as take and repeat use different code paths
+        then item setting (when writing this).
+        """
+        indices = [0, 1]
+
+        arr = np.array([pat] * 3, dt)
+        gc.collect()
+        before = sys.getrefcount(singleton)
+        res = arr.take(indices)
+        after = sys.getrefcount(singleton)
+        assert after - before == count * 2
+        new = res.repeat(10)
+        gc.collect()
+        after_repeat = sys.getrefcount(singleton)
+        assert after_repeat - after == count * 2 * 10
+
+
+class TestStructuredDtypeSparseFields:
+    """Tests subarray fields which contain sparse dtypes so that
+    not all memory is used by the dtype work. Such dtype's should
+    leave the underlying memory unchanged.
+    """
+    dtype = np.dtype([('a', {'names':['aa', 'ab'], 'formats':['f', 'f'],
+                             'offsets':[0, 4]}, (2, 3))])
+    sparse_dtype = np.dtype([('a', {'names':['ab'], 'formats':['f'],
+                                    'offsets':[4]}, (2, 3))])
+
+    def test_sparse_field_assignment(self):
+        arr = np.zeros(3, self.dtype)
+        sparse_arr = arr.view(self.sparse_dtype)
+
+        sparse_arr[...] = np.finfo(np.float32).max
+        # dtype is reduced when accessing the field, so shape is (3, 2, 3):
+        assert_array_equal(arr["a"]["aa"], np.zeros((3, 2, 3)))
+
+    def test_sparse_field_assignment_fancy(self):
+        # Fancy assignment goes to the copyswap function for complex types:
+        arr = np.zeros(3, self.dtype)
+        sparse_arr = arr.view(self.sparse_dtype)
+
+        sparse_arr[[0, 1, 2]] = np.finfo(np.float32).max
+        # dtype is reduced when accessing the field, so shape is (3, 2, 3):
+        assert_array_equal(arr["a"]["aa"], np.zeros((3, 2, 3)))
+
+
+class TestMonsterType:
+    """Test deeply nested subtypes."""
+
+    def test1(self):
+        simple1 = np.dtype({'names': ['r', 'b'], 'formats': ['u1', 'u1'],
+            'titles': ['Red pixel', 'Blue pixel']})
+        a = np.dtype([('yo', int), ('ye', simple1),
+            ('yi', np.dtype((int, (3, 2))))])
+        b = np.dtype([('yo', int), ('ye', simple1),
+            ('yi', np.dtype((int, (3, 2))))])
+        assert_dtype_equal(a, b)
+
+        c = np.dtype([('yo', int), ('ye', simple1),
+            ('yi', np.dtype((a, (3, 2))))])
+        d = np.dtype([('yo', int), ('ye', simple1),
+            ('yi', np.dtype((a, (3, 2))))])
+        assert_dtype_equal(c, d)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYSTON, reason="Pyston disables recursion checking")
+    def test_list_recursion(self):
+        l = list()
+        l.append(('f', l))
+        with pytest.raises(RecursionError):
+            np.dtype(l)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYSTON, reason="Pyston disables recursion checking")
+    def test_tuple_recursion(self):
+        d = np.int32
+        for i in range(100000):
+            d = (d, (1,))
+        with pytest.raises(RecursionError):
+            np.dtype(d)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYSTON, reason="Pyston disables recursion checking")
+    def test_dict_recursion(self):
+        d = dict(names=['self'], formats=[None], offsets=[0])
+        d['formats'][0] = d
+        with pytest.raises(RecursionError):
+            np.dtype(d)
+
+
+class TestMetadata:
+    def test_no_metadata(self):
+        d = np.dtype(int)
+        assert_(d.metadata is None)
+
+    def test_metadata_takes_dict(self):
+        d = np.dtype(int, metadata={'datum': 1})
+        assert_(d.metadata == {'datum': 1})
+
+    def test_metadata_rejects_nondict(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, int, metadata='datum')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, int, metadata=1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, int, metadata=None)
+
+    def test_nested_metadata(self):
+        d = np.dtype([('a', np.dtype(int, metadata={'datum': 1}))])
+        assert_(d['a'].metadata == {'datum': 1})
+
+    def test_base_metadata_copied(self):
+        d = np.dtype((np.void, np.dtype('i4,i4', metadata={'datum': 1})))
+        assert_(d.metadata == {'datum': 1})
+
+class TestString:
+    def test_complex_dtype_str(self):
+        dt = np.dtype([('top', [('tiles', ('>f4', (64, 64)), (1,)),
+                                ('rtile', '>f4', (64, 36))], (3,)),
+                       ('bottom', [('bleft', ('>f4', (8, 64)), (1,)),
+                                   ('bright', '>f4', (8, 36))])])
+        assert_equal(str(dt),
+                     "[('top', [('tiles', ('>f4', (64, 64)), (1,)), "
+                     "('rtile', '>f4', (64, 36))], (3,)), "
+                     "('bottom', [('bleft', ('>f4', (8, 64)), (1,)), "
+                     "('bright', '>f4', (8, 36))])]")
+
+        # If the sticky aligned flag is set to True, it makes the
+        # str() function use a dict representation with an 'aligned' flag
+        dt = np.dtype([('top', [('tiles', ('>f4', (64, 64)), (1,)),
+                                ('rtile', '>f4', (64, 36))],
+                                (3,)),
+                       ('bottom', [('bleft', ('>f4', (8, 64)), (1,)),
+                                   ('bright', '>f4', (8, 36))])],
+                       align=True)
+        assert_equal(str(dt),
+                    "{'names': ['top', 'bottom'],"
+                    " 'formats': [([('tiles', ('>f4', (64, 64)), (1,)), "
+                                   "('rtile', '>f4', (64, 36))], (3,)), "
+                                  "[('bleft', ('>f4', (8, 64)), (1,)), "
+                                   "('bright', '>f4', (8, 36))]],"
+                    " 'offsets': [0, 76800],"
+                    " 'itemsize': 80000,"
+                    " 'aligned': True}")
+        with np.printoptions(legacy='1.21'):
+            assert_equal(str(dt),
+                        "{'names':['top','bottom'], "
+                         "'formats':[([('tiles', ('>f4', (64, 64)), (1,)), "
+                                      "('rtile', '>f4', (64, 36))], (3,)),"
+                                     "[('bleft', ('>f4', (8, 64)), (1,)), "
+                                      "('bright', '>f4', (8, 36))]], "
+                         "'offsets':[0,76800], "
+                         "'itemsize':80000, "
+                         "'aligned':True}")
+        assert_equal(np.dtype(eval(str(dt))), dt)
+
+        dt = np.dtype({'names': ['r', 'g', 'b'], 'formats': ['u1', 'u1', 'u1'],
+                        'offsets': [0, 1, 2],
+                        'titles': ['Red pixel', 'Green pixel', 'Blue pixel']})
+        assert_equal(str(dt),
+                    "[(('Red pixel', 'r'), 'u1'), "
+                    "(('Green pixel', 'g'), 'u1'), "
+                    "(('Blue pixel', 'b'), 'u1')]")
+
+        dt = np.dtype({'names': ['rgba', 'r', 'g', 'b'],
+                       'formats': ['f4', (64, 64)), (1,)),
+                                ('rtile', '>f4', (64, 36))], (3,)),
+                       ('bottom', [('bleft', ('>f4', (8, 64)), (1,)),
+                                   ('bright', '>f4', (8, 36))])])
+        assert_equal(repr(dt),
+                     "dtype([('top', [('tiles', ('>f4', (64, 64)), (1,)), "
+                     "('rtile', '>f4', (64, 36))], (3,)), "
+                     "('bottom', [('bleft', ('>f4', (8, 64)), (1,)), "
+                     "('bright', '>f4', (8, 36))])])")
+
+        dt = np.dtype({'names': ['r', 'g', 'b'], 'formats': ['u1', 'u1', 'u1'],
+                        'offsets': [0, 1, 2],
+                        'titles': ['Red pixel', 'Green pixel', 'Blue pixel']},
+                        align=True)
+        assert_equal(repr(dt),
+                    "dtype([(('Red pixel', 'r'), 'u1'), "
+                    "(('Green pixel', 'g'), 'u1'), "
+                    "(('Blue pixel', 'b'), 'u1')], align=True)")
+
+    def test_repr_structured_not_packed(self):
+        dt = np.dtype({'names': ['rgba', 'r', 'g', 'b'],
+                       'formats': ['i4")
+        assert np.result_type(dt).isnative
+        assert np.result_type(dt).num == dt.num
+
+        # dtype with empty space:
+        struct_dt = np.dtype(">i4,i1,f4', (2, 1)), ('b', 'u4')])
+        self.check(BigEndStruct, expected)
+
+    def test_little_endian_structure_packed(self):
+        class LittleEndStruct(ctypes.LittleEndianStructure):
+            _fields_ = [
+                ('one', ctypes.c_uint8),
+                ('two', ctypes.c_uint32)
+            ]
+            _pack_ = 1
+        expected = np.dtype([('one', 'u1'), ('two', 'B'),
+            ('b', '>H')
+        ], align=True)
+        self.check(PaddedStruct, expected)
+
+    def test_simple_endian_types(self):
+        self.check(ctypes.c_uint16.__ctype_le__, np.dtype('u2'))
+        self.check(ctypes.c_uint8.__ctype_le__, np.dtype('u1'))
+        self.check(ctypes.c_uint8.__ctype_be__, np.dtype('u1'))
+
+    all_types = set(np.typecodes['All'])
+    all_pairs = permutations(all_types, 2)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("pair", all_pairs)
+    def test_pairs(self, pair):
+        """
+        Check that np.dtype('x,y') matches [np.dtype('x'), np.dtype('y')]
+        Example: np.dtype('d,I') -> dtype([('f0', ' None:
+        alias = np.dtype[Any]
+        assert isinstance(alias, types.GenericAlias)
+        assert alias.__origin__ is np.dtype
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("code", np.typecodes["All"])
+    def test_dtype_subclass(self, code: str) -> None:
+        cls = type(np.dtype(code))
+        alias = cls[Any]
+        assert isinstance(alias, types.GenericAlias)
+        assert alias.__origin__ is cls
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arg_len", range(4))
+    def test_subscript_tuple(self, arg_len: int) -> None:
+        arg_tup = (Any,) * arg_len
+        if arg_len == 1:
+            assert np.dtype[arg_tup]
+        else:
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+                np.dtype[arg_tup]
+
+    def test_subscript_scalar(self) -> None:
+        assert np.dtype[Any]
+
+
+def test_result_type_integers_and_unitless_timedelta64():
+    # Regression test for gh-20077.  The following call of `result_type`
+    # would cause a seg. fault.
+    td = np.timedelta64(4)
+    result = np.result_type(0, td)
+    assert_dtype_equal(result, td.dtype)
+
+
+def test_creating_dtype_with_dtype_class_errors():
+    # Regression test for #25031, calling `np.dtype` with itself segfaulted.
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Cannot convert np.dtype into a"):
+        np.array(np.ones(10), dtype=np.dtype)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_einsum.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_einsum.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..702be2486515402d835e44d361d8642211919487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_einsum.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1248 @@
+import itertools
+import sys
+import platform
+
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_array_equal, assert_almost_equal,
+    assert_raises, suppress_warnings, assert_raises_regex, assert_allclose
+    )
+
+try:
+    COMPILERS = np.show_config(mode="dicts")["Compilers"]
+    USING_CLANG_CL = COMPILERS["c"]["name"] == "clang-cl"
+except TypeError:
+    USING_CLANG_CL = False
+
+# Setup for optimize einsum
+chars = 'abcdefghij'
+sizes = np.array([2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 5, 4, 3])
+global_size_dict = dict(zip(chars, sizes))
+
+
+class TestEinsum:
+    def test_einsum_errors(self):
+        for do_opt in [True, False]:
+            # Need enough arguments
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "", optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # subscripts must be a string
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.einsum, 0, 0, optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # out parameter must be an array
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.einsum, "", 0, out='test',
+                          optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # order parameter must be a valid order
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "", 0, order='W',
+                          optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # casting parameter must be a valid casting
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "", 0, casting='blah',
+                          optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # dtype parameter must be a valid dtype
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.einsum, "", 0, dtype='bad_data_type',
+                          optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # other keyword arguments are rejected
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.einsum, "", 0, bad_arg=0,
+                          optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # issue 4528 revealed a segfault with this call
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.einsum, *(None,)*63, optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # number of operands must match count in subscripts string
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "", 0, 0, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, ",", 0, [0], [0],
+                          optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, ",", [0], optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # can't have more subscripts than dimensions in the operand
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "i", 0, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "ij", [0, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "...i", 0, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "i...j", [0, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "i...", 0, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "ij...", [0, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # invalid ellipsis
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "i..", [0, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, ".i...", [0, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "j->..j", [0, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "j->.j...", [0, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # invalid subscript character
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "i%...", [0, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "...j$", [0, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "i->&", [0, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # output subscripts must appear in input
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "i->ij", [0, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # output subscripts may only be specified once
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "ij->jij", [[0, 0], [0, 0]],
+                          optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # dimensions much match when being collapsed
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "ii",
+                          np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3), optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "ii->i",
+                          np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3), optimize=do_opt)
+
+            # broadcasting to new dimensions must be enabled explicitly
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "i", np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3),
+                          optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "i->i", [[0, 1], [0, 1]],
+                          out=np.arange(4).reshape(2, 2), optimize=do_opt)
+            with assert_raises_regex(ValueError, "'b'"):
+                # gh-11221 - 'c' erroneously appeared in the error message
+                a = np.ones((3, 3, 4, 5, 6))
+                b = np.ones((3, 4, 5))
+                np.einsum('aabcb,abc', a, b)
+
+            # Check order kwarg, asanyarray allows 1d to pass through
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.einsum, "i->i", np.arange(6).reshape(-1, 1),
+                          optimize=do_opt, order='d')
+
+    def test_einsum_object_errors(self):
+        # Exceptions created by object arithmetic should
+        # successfully propagate
+
+        class CustomException(Exception):
+            pass
+
+        class DestructoBox:
+
+            def __init__(self, value, destruct):
+                self._val = value
+                self._destruct = destruct
+
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                tmp = self._val + other._val
+                if tmp >= self._destruct:
+                    raise CustomException
+                else:
+                    self._val = tmp
+                    return self
+
+            def __radd__(self, other):
+                if other == 0:
+                    return self
+                else:
+                    return self.__add__(other)
+
+            def __mul__(self, other):
+                tmp = self._val * other._val
+                if tmp >= self._destruct:
+                    raise CustomException
+                else:
+                    self._val = tmp
+                    return self
+
+            def __rmul__(self, other):
+                if other == 0:
+                    return self
+                else:
+                    return self.__mul__(other)
+
+        a = np.array([DestructoBox(i, 5) for i in range(1, 10)],
+                     dtype='object').reshape(3, 3)
+
+        # raised from unbuffered_loop_nop1_ndim2
+        assert_raises(CustomException, np.einsum, "ij->i", a)
+
+        # raised from unbuffered_loop_nop1_ndim3
+        b = np.array([DestructoBox(i, 100) for i in range(0, 27)],
+                     dtype='object').reshape(3, 3, 3)
+        assert_raises(CustomException, np.einsum, "i...k->...", b)
+
+        # raised from unbuffered_loop_nop2_ndim2
+        b = np.array([DestructoBox(i, 55) for i in range(1, 4)],
+                     dtype='object')
+        assert_raises(CustomException, np.einsum, "ij, j", a, b)
+
+        # raised from unbuffered_loop_nop2_ndim3
+        assert_raises(CustomException, np.einsum, "ij, jh", a, a)
+
+        # raised from PyArray_EinsteinSum
+        assert_raises(CustomException, np.einsum, "ij->", a)
+
+    def test_einsum_views(self):
+        # pass-through
+        for do_opt in [True, False]:
+            a = np.arange(6)
+            a.shape = (2, 3)
+
+            b = np.einsum("...", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [Ellipsis], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+
+            b = np.einsum("ij", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, a)
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [0, 1], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, a)
+
+            # output is writeable whenever input is writeable
+            b = np.einsum("...", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.flags['WRITEABLE'])
+            a.flags['WRITEABLE'] = False
+            b = np.einsum("...", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(not b.flags['WRITEABLE'])
+
+            # transpose
+            a = np.arange(6)
+            a.shape = (2, 3)
+
+            b = np.einsum("ji", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, a.T)
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [1, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, a.T)
+
+            # diagonal
+            a = np.arange(9)
+            a.shape = (3, 3)
+
+            b = np.einsum("ii->i", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a[i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [0, 0], [0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a[i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            # diagonal with various ways of broadcasting an additional dimension
+            a = np.arange(27)
+            a.shape = (3, 3, 3)
+
+            b = np.einsum("...ii->...i", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [[x[i, i] for i in range(3)] for x in a])
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [Ellipsis, 0, 0], [Ellipsis, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [[x[i, i] for i in range(3)] for x in a])
+
+            b = np.einsum("ii...->...i", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [[x[i, i] for i in range(3)]
+                             for x in a.transpose(2, 0, 1)])
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [0, 0, Ellipsis], [Ellipsis, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [[x[i, i] for i in range(3)]
+                             for x in a.transpose(2, 0, 1)])
+
+            b = np.einsum("...ii->i...", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a[:, i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [Ellipsis, 0, 0], [0, Ellipsis], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a[:, i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            b = np.einsum("jii->ij", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a[:, i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [1, 0, 0], [0, 1], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a[:, i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            b = np.einsum("ii...->i...", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a.transpose(2, 0, 1)[:, i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [0, 0, Ellipsis], [0, Ellipsis], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a.transpose(2, 0, 1)[:, i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            b = np.einsum("i...i->i...", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a.transpose(1, 0, 2)[:, i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [0, Ellipsis, 0], [0, Ellipsis], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a.transpose(1, 0, 2)[:, i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            b = np.einsum("i...i->...i", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [[x[i, i] for i in range(3)]
+                             for x in a.transpose(1, 0, 2)])
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [0, Ellipsis, 0], [Ellipsis, 0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [[x[i, i] for i in range(3)]
+                             for x in a.transpose(1, 0, 2)])
+
+            # triple diagonal
+            a = np.arange(27)
+            a.shape = (3, 3, 3)
+
+            b = np.einsum("iii->i", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a[i, i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [0, 0, 0], [0], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, [a[i, i, i] for i in range(3)])
+
+            # swap axes
+            a = np.arange(24)
+            a.shape = (2, 3, 4)
+
+            b = np.einsum("ijk->jik", a, optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, a.swapaxes(0, 1))
+
+            b = np.einsum(a, [0, 1, 2], [1, 0, 2], optimize=do_opt)
+            assert_(b.base is a)
+            assert_equal(b, a.swapaxes(0, 1))
+
+    @np._no_nep50_warning()
+    def check_einsum_sums(self, dtype, do_opt=False):
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+        # Check various sums.  Does many sizes to exercise unrolled loops.
+
+        # sum(a, axis=-1)
+        for n in range(1, 17):
+            a = np.arange(n, dtype=dtype)
+            b = np.sum(a, axis=-1)
+            if hasattr(b, 'astype'):
+                b = b.astype(dtype)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum("i->", a, optimize=do_opt), b)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0], [], optimize=do_opt), b)
+
+        for n in range(1, 17):
+            a = np.arange(2*3*n, dtype=dtype).reshape(2, 3, n)
+            b = np.sum(a, axis=-1)
+            if hasattr(b, 'astype'):
+                b = b.astype(dtype)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum("...i->...", a, optimize=do_opt), b)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [Ellipsis, 0], [Ellipsis], optimize=do_opt), b)
+
+        # sum(a, axis=0)
+        for n in range(1, 17):
+            a = np.arange(2*n, dtype=dtype).reshape(2, n)
+            b = np.sum(a, axis=0)
+            if hasattr(b, 'astype'):
+                b = b.astype(dtype)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum("i...->...", a, optimize=do_opt), b)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0, Ellipsis], [Ellipsis], optimize=do_opt), b)
+
+        for n in range(1, 17):
+            a = np.arange(2*3*n, dtype=dtype).reshape(2, 3, n)
+            b = np.sum(a, axis=0)
+            if hasattr(b, 'astype'):
+                b = b.astype(dtype)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum("i...->...", a, optimize=do_opt), b)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0, Ellipsis], [Ellipsis], optimize=do_opt), b)
+
+        # trace(a)
+        for n in range(1, 17):
+            a = np.arange(n*n, dtype=dtype).reshape(n, n)
+            b = np.trace(a)
+            if hasattr(b, 'astype'):
+                b = b.astype(dtype)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum("ii", a, optimize=do_opt), b)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0, 0], optimize=do_opt), b)
+
+            # gh-15961: should accept numpy int64 type in subscript list
+            np_array = np.asarray([0, 0])
+            assert_equal(np.einsum(a, np_array, optimize=do_opt), b)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum(a, list(np_array), optimize=do_opt), b)
+
+        # multiply(a, b)
+        assert_equal(np.einsum("..., ...", 3, 4), 12)  # scalar case
+        for n in range(1, 17):
+            a = np.arange(3 * n, dtype=dtype).reshape(3, n)
+            b = np.arange(2 * 3 * n, dtype=dtype).reshape(2, 3, n)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum("..., ...", a, b, optimize=do_opt),
+                         np.multiply(a, b))
+            assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [Ellipsis], b, [Ellipsis], optimize=do_opt),
+                         np.multiply(a, b))
+
+        # inner(a,b)
+        for n in range(1, 17):
+            a = np.arange(2 * 3 * n, dtype=dtype).reshape(2, 3, n)
+            b = np.arange(n, dtype=dtype)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum("...i, ...i", a, b, optimize=do_opt), np.inner(a, b))
+            assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [Ellipsis, 0], b, [Ellipsis, 0], optimize=do_opt),
+                         np.inner(a, b))
+
+        for n in range(1, 11):
+            a = np.arange(n * 3 * 2, dtype=dtype).reshape(n, 3, 2)
+            b = np.arange(n, dtype=dtype)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum("i..., i...", a, b, optimize=do_opt),
+                         np.inner(a.T, b.T).T)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0, Ellipsis], b, [0, Ellipsis], optimize=do_opt),
+                         np.inner(a.T, b.T).T)
+
+        # outer(a,b)
+        for n in range(1, 17):
+            a = np.arange(3, dtype=dtype)+1
+            b = np.arange(n, dtype=dtype)+1
+            assert_equal(np.einsum("i,j", a, b, optimize=do_opt),
+                         np.outer(a, b))
+            assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0], b, [1], optimize=do_opt),
+                         np.outer(a, b))
+
+        # Suppress the complex warnings for the 'as f8' tests
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(np.ComplexWarning)
+
+            # matvec(a,b) / a.dot(b) where a is matrix, b is vector
+            for n in range(1, 17):
+                a = np.arange(4*n, dtype=dtype).reshape(4, n)
+                b = np.arange(n, dtype=dtype)
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("ij, j", a, b, optimize=do_opt),
+                             np.dot(a, b))
+                assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0, 1], b, [1], optimize=do_opt),
+                             np.dot(a, b))
+
+                c = np.arange(4, dtype=dtype)
+                np.einsum("ij,j", a, b, out=c,
+                          dtype='f8', casting='unsafe', optimize=do_opt)
+                assert_equal(c,
+                             np.dot(a.astype('f8'),
+                                    b.astype('f8')).astype(dtype))
+                c[...] = 0
+                np.einsum(a, [0, 1], b, [1], out=c,
+                          dtype='f8', casting='unsafe', optimize=do_opt)
+                assert_equal(c,
+                             np.dot(a.astype('f8'),
+                                    b.astype('f8')).astype(dtype))
+
+            for n in range(1, 17):
+                a = np.arange(4*n, dtype=dtype).reshape(4, n)
+                b = np.arange(n, dtype=dtype)
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("ji,j", a.T, b.T, optimize=do_opt),
+                             np.dot(b.T, a.T))
+                assert_equal(np.einsum(a.T, [1, 0], b.T, [1], optimize=do_opt),
+                             np.dot(b.T, a.T))
+
+                c = np.arange(4, dtype=dtype)
+                np.einsum("ji,j", a.T, b.T, out=c,
+                          dtype='f8', casting='unsafe', optimize=do_opt)
+                assert_equal(c,
+                             np.dot(b.T.astype('f8'),
+                                    a.T.astype('f8')).astype(dtype))
+                c[...] = 0
+                np.einsum(a.T, [1, 0], b.T, [1], out=c,
+                          dtype='f8', casting='unsafe', optimize=do_opt)
+                assert_equal(c,
+                             np.dot(b.T.astype('f8'),
+                                    a.T.astype('f8')).astype(dtype))
+
+            # matmat(a,b) / a.dot(b) where a is matrix, b is matrix
+            for n in range(1, 17):
+                if n < 8 or dtype != 'f2':
+                    a = np.arange(4*n, dtype=dtype).reshape(4, n)
+                    b = np.arange(n*6, dtype=dtype).reshape(n, 6)
+                    assert_equal(np.einsum("ij,jk", a, b, optimize=do_opt),
+                                 np.dot(a, b))
+                    assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0, 1], b, [1, 2], optimize=do_opt),
+                                 np.dot(a, b))
+
+            for n in range(1, 17):
+                a = np.arange(4*n, dtype=dtype).reshape(4, n)
+                b = np.arange(n*6, dtype=dtype).reshape(n, 6)
+                c = np.arange(24, dtype=dtype).reshape(4, 6)
+                np.einsum("ij,jk", a, b, out=c, dtype='f8', casting='unsafe',
+                          optimize=do_opt)
+                assert_equal(c,
+                             np.dot(a.astype('f8'),
+                                    b.astype('f8')).astype(dtype))
+                c[...] = 0
+                np.einsum(a, [0, 1], b, [1, 2], out=c,
+                          dtype='f8', casting='unsafe', optimize=do_opt)
+                assert_equal(c,
+                             np.dot(a.astype('f8'),
+                                    b.astype('f8')).astype(dtype))
+
+            # matrix triple product (note this is not currently an efficient
+            # way to multiply 3 matrices)
+            a = np.arange(12, dtype=dtype).reshape(3, 4)
+            b = np.arange(20, dtype=dtype).reshape(4, 5)
+            c = np.arange(30, dtype=dtype).reshape(5, 6)
+            if dtype != 'f2':
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("ij,jk,kl", a, b, c, optimize=do_opt),
+                             a.dot(b).dot(c))
+                assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0, 1], b, [1, 2], c, [2, 3],
+                                       optimize=do_opt), a.dot(b).dot(c))
+
+            d = np.arange(18, dtype=dtype).reshape(3, 6)
+            np.einsum("ij,jk,kl", a, b, c, out=d,
+                      dtype='f8', casting='unsafe', optimize=do_opt)
+            tgt = a.astype('f8').dot(b.astype('f8'))
+            tgt = tgt.dot(c.astype('f8')).astype(dtype)
+            assert_equal(d, tgt)
+
+            d[...] = 0
+            np.einsum(a, [0, 1], b, [1, 2], c, [2, 3], out=d,
+                      dtype='f8', casting='unsafe', optimize=do_opt)
+            tgt = a.astype('f8').dot(b.astype('f8'))
+            tgt = tgt.dot(c.astype('f8')).astype(dtype)
+            assert_equal(d, tgt)
+
+            # tensordot(a, b)
+            if np.dtype(dtype) != np.dtype('f2'):
+                a = np.arange(60, dtype=dtype).reshape(3, 4, 5)
+                b = np.arange(24, dtype=dtype).reshape(4, 3, 2)
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("ijk, jil -> kl", a, b),
+                             np.tensordot(a, b, axes=([1, 0], [0, 1])))
+                assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0, 1, 2], b, [1, 0, 3], [2, 3]),
+                             np.tensordot(a, b, axes=([1, 0], [0, 1])))
+
+                c = np.arange(10, dtype=dtype).reshape(5, 2)
+                np.einsum("ijk,jil->kl", a, b, out=c,
+                          dtype='f8', casting='unsafe', optimize=do_opt)
+                assert_equal(c, np.tensordot(a.astype('f8'), b.astype('f8'),
+                             axes=([1, 0], [0, 1])).astype(dtype))
+                c[...] = 0
+                np.einsum(a, [0, 1, 2], b, [1, 0, 3], [2, 3], out=c,
+                          dtype='f8', casting='unsafe', optimize=do_opt)
+                assert_equal(c, np.tensordot(a.astype('f8'), b.astype('f8'),
+                             axes=([1, 0], [0, 1])).astype(dtype))
+
+        # logical_and(logical_and(a!=0, b!=0), c!=0)
+        neg_val = -2 if dtype.kind != "u" else np.iinfo(dtype).max - 1
+        a = np.array([1,   3,   neg_val, 0,  12,  13,   0,   1], dtype=dtype)
+        b = np.array([0,   3.5, 0., neg_val,  0,   1,    3,   12], dtype=dtype)
+        c = np.array([True, True, False, True, True, False, True, True])
+
+        assert_equal(np.einsum("i,i,i->i", a, b, c,
+                     dtype='?', casting='unsafe', optimize=do_opt),
+                     np.logical_and(np.logical_and(a != 0, b != 0), c != 0))
+        assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0], b, [0], c, [0], [0],
+                     dtype='?', casting='unsafe'),
+                     np.logical_and(np.logical_and(a != 0, b != 0), c != 0))
+
+        a = np.arange(9, dtype=dtype)
+        assert_equal(np.einsum(",i->", 3, a), 3*np.sum(a))
+        assert_equal(np.einsum(3, [], a, [0], []), 3*np.sum(a))
+        assert_equal(np.einsum("i,->", a, 3), 3*np.sum(a))
+        assert_equal(np.einsum(a, [0], 3, [], []), 3*np.sum(a))
+
+        # Various stride0, contiguous, and SSE aligned variants
+        for n in range(1, 25):
+            a = np.arange(n, dtype=dtype)
+            if np.dtype(dtype).itemsize > 1:
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("...,...", a, a, optimize=do_opt),
+                             np.multiply(a, a))
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("i,i", a, a, optimize=do_opt), np.dot(a, a))
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("i,->i", a, 2, optimize=do_opt), 2*a)
+                assert_equal(np.einsum(",i->i", 2, a, optimize=do_opt), 2*a)
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("i,->", a, 2, optimize=do_opt), 2*np.sum(a))
+                assert_equal(np.einsum(",i->", 2, a, optimize=do_opt), 2*np.sum(a))
+
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("...,...", a[1:], a[:-1], optimize=do_opt),
+                             np.multiply(a[1:], a[:-1]))
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("i,i", a[1:], a[:-1], optimize=do_opt),
+                             np.dot(a[1:], a[:-1]))
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("i,->i", a[1:], 2, optimize=do_opt), 2*a[1:])
+                assert_equal(np.einsum(",i->i", 2, a[1:], optimize=do_opt), 2*a[1:])
+                assert_equal(np.einsum("i,->", a[1:], 2, optimize=do_opt),
+                             2*np.sum(a[1:]))
+                assert_equal(np.einsum(",i->", 2, a[1:], optimize=do_opt),
+                             2*np.sum(a[1:]))
+
+        # An object array, summed as the data type
+        a = np.arange(9, dtype=object)
+
+        b = np.einsum("i->", a, dtype=dtype, casting='unsafe')
+        assert_equal(b, np.sum(a))
+        if hasattr(b, "dtype"):
+            # Can be a python object when dtype is object
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype(dtype))
+
+        b = np.einsum(a, [0], [], dtype=dtype, casting='unsafe')
+        assert_equal(b, np.sum(a))
+        if hasattr(b, "dtype"):
+            # Can be a python object when dtype is object
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype(dtype))
+
+        # A case which was failing (ticket #1885)
+        p = np.arange(2) + 1
+        q = np.arange(4).reshape(2, 2) + 3
+        r = np.arange(4).reshape(2, 2) + 7
+        assert_equal(np.einsum('z,mz,zm->', p, q, r), 253)
+
+        # singleton dimensions broadcast (gh-10343)
+        p = np.ones((10,2))
+        q = np.ones((1,2))
+        assert_array_equal(np.einsum('ij,ij->j', p, q, optimize=True),
+                           np.einsum('ij,ij->j', p, q, optimize=False))
+        assert_array_equal(np.einsum('ij,ij->j', p, q, optimize=True),
+                           [10.] * 2)
+
+        # a blas-compatible contraction broadcasting case which was failing
+        # for optimize=True (ticket #10930)
+        x = np.array([2., 3.])
+        y = np.array([4.])
+        assert_array_equal(np.einsum("i, i", x, y, optimize=False), 20.)
+        assert_array_equal(np.einsum("i, i", x, y, optimize=True), 20.)
+
+        # all-ones array was bypassing bug (ticket #10930)
+        p = np.ones((1, 5)) / 2
+        q = np.ones((5, 5)) / 2
+        for optimize in (True, False):
+            assert_array_equal(np.einsum("...ij,...jk->...ik", p, p,
+                                         optimize=optimize),
+                               np.einsum("...ij,...jk->...ik", p, q,
+                                         optimize=optimize))
+            assert_array_equal(np.einsum("...ij,...jk->...ik", p, q,
+                                         optimize=optimize),
+                               np.full((1, 5), 1.25))
+
+        # Cases which were failing (gh-10899)
+        x = np.eye(2, dtype=dtype)
+        y = np.ones(2, dtype=dtype)
+        assert_array_equal(np.einsum("ji,i->", x, y, optimize=optimize),
+                           [2.])  # contig_contig_outstride0_two
+        assert_array_equal(np.einsum("i,ij->", y, x, optimize=optimize),
+                           [2.])  # stride0_contig_outstride0_two
+        assert_array_equal(np.einsum("ij,i->", x, y, optimize=optimize),
+                           [2.])  # contig_stride0_outstride0_two
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_int8(self):
+        if (
+                (sys.platform == 'darwin' and platform.machine() == 'x86_64')
+                or
+                USING_CLANG_CL
+        ):
+            pytest.xfail('Fails on macOS x86-64 and when using clang-cl '
+                         'with Meson, see gh-23838')
+        self.check_einsum_sums('i1')
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_uint8(self):
+        if (
+                (sys.platform == 'darwin' and platform.machine() == 'x86_64')
+                or
+                USING_CLANG_CL
+        ):
+            pytest.xfail('Fails on macOS x86-64 and when using clang-cl '
+                         'with Meson, see gh-23838')
+        self.check_einsum_sums('u1')
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_int16(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('i2')
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_uint16(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('u2')
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_int32(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('i4')
+        self.check_einsum_sums('i4', True)
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_uint32(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('u4')
+        self.check_einsum_sums('u4', True)
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_int64(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('i8')
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_uint64(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('u8')
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_float16(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('f2')
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_float32(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('f4')
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_float64(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('f8')
+        self.check_einsum_sums('f8', True)
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_longdouble(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums(np.longdouble)
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_cfloat64(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('c8')
+        self.check_einsum_sums('c8', True)
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_cfloat128(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('c16')
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_clongdouble(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums(np.clongdouble)
+
+    def test_einsum_sums_object(self):
+        self.check_einsum_sums('object')
+        self.check_einsum_sums('object', True)
+
+    def test_einsum_misc(self):
+        # This call used to crash because of a bug in
+        # PyArray_AssignZero
+        a = np.ones((1, 2))
+        b = np.ones((2, 2, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.einsum('ij...,j...->i...', a, b), [[[2], [2]]])
+        assert_equal(np.einsum('ij...,j...->i...', a, b, optimize=True), [[[2], [2]]])
+
+        # Regression test for issue #10369 (test unicode inputs with Python 2)
+        assert_equal(np.einsum('ij...,j...->i...', a, b), [[[2], [2]]])
+        assert_equal(np.einsum('...i,...i', [1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4]), 20)
+        assert_equal(np.einsum('...i,...i', [1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4],
+                               optimize='greedy'), 20)
+
+        # The iterator had an issue with buffering this reduction
+        a = np.ones((5, 12, 4, 2, 3), np.int64)
+        b = np.ones((5, 12, 11), np.int64)
+        assert_equal(np.einsum('ijklm,ijn,ijn->', a, b, b),
+                     np.einsum('ijklm,ijn->', a, b))
+        assert_equal(np.einsum('ijklm,ijn,ijn->', a, b, b, optimize=True),
+                     np.einsum('ijklm,ijn->', a, b, optimize=True))
+
+        # Issue #2027, was a problem in the contiguous 3-argument
+        # inner loop implementation
+        a = np.arange(1, 3)
+        b = np.arange(1, 5).reshape(2, 2)
+        c = np.arange(1, 9).reshape(4, 2)
+        assert_equal(np.einsum('x,yx,zx->xzy', a, b, c),
+                     [[[1,  3], [3,  9], [5, 15], [7, 21]],
+                     [[8, 16], [16, 32], [24, 48], [32, 64]]])
+        assert_equal(np.einsum('x,yx,zx->xzy', a, b, c, optimize=True),
+                     [[[1,  3], [3,  9], [5, 15], [7, 21]],
+                     [[8, 16], [16, 32], [24, 48], [32, 64]]])
+
+        # Ensure explicitly setting out=None does not cause an error
+        # see issue gh-15776 and issue gh-15256
+        assert_equal(np.einsum('i,j', [1], [2], out=None), [[2]])
+
+    def test_object_loop(self):
+
+        class Mult:
+            def __mul__(self, other):
+                return 42
+
+        objMult = np.array([Mult()])
+        objNULL = np.ndarray(buffer = b'\0' * np.intp(0).itemsize, shape=1, dtype=object)
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.einsum("i,j", [1], objNULL)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.einsum("i,j", objNULL, [1])
+        assert np.einsum("i,j", objMult, objMult) == 42
+
+    def test_subscript_range(self):
+        # Issue #7741, make sure that all letters of Latin alphabet (both uppercase & lowercase) can be used
+        # when creating a subscript from arrays
+        a = np.ones((2, 3))
+        b = np.ones((3, 4))
+        np.einsum(a, [0, 20], b, [20, 2], [0, 2], optimize=False)
+        np.einsum(a, [0, 27], b, [27, 2], [0, 2], optimize=False)
+        np.einsum(a, [0, 51], b, [51, 2], [0, 2], optimize=False)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: np.einsum(a, [0, 52], b, [52, 2], [0, 2], optimize=False))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: np.einsum(a, [-1, 5], b, [5, 2], [-1, 2], optimize=False))
+
+    def test_einsum_broadcast(self):
+        # Issue #2455 change in handling ellipsis
+        # remove the 'middle broadcast' error
+        # only use the 'RIGHT' iteration in prepare_op_axes
+        # adds auto broadcast on left where it belongs
+        # broadcast on right has to be explicit
+        # We need to test the optimized parsing as well
+
+        A = np.arange(2 * 3 * 4).reshape(2, 3, 4)
+        B = np.arange(3)
+        ref = np.einsum('ijk,j->ijk', A, B, optimize=False)
+        for opt in [True, False]:
+            assert_equal(np.einsum('ij...,j...->ij...', A, B, optimize=opt), ref)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum('ij...,...j->ij...', A, B, optimize=opt), ref)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum('ij...,j->ij...', A, B, optimize=opt), ref)  # used to raise error
+
+        A = np.arange(12).reshape((4, 3))
+        B = np.arange(6).reshape((3, 2))
+        ref = np.einsum('ik,kj->ij', A, B, optimize=False)
+        for opt in [True, False]:
+            assert_equal(np.einsum('ik...,k...->i...', A, B, optimize=opt), ref)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum('ik...,...kj->i...j', A, B, optimize=opt), ref)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum('...k,kj', A, B, optimize=opt), ref)  # used to raise error
+            assert_equal(np.einsum('ik,k...->i...', A, B, optimize=opt), ref)  # used to raise error
+
+        dims = [2, 3, 4, 5]
+        a = np.arange(np.prod(dims)).reshape(dims)
+        v = np.arange(dims[2])
+        ref = np.einsum('ijkl,k->ijl', a, v, optimize=False)
+        for opt in [True, False]:
+            assert_equal(np.einsum('ijkl,k', a, v, optimize=opt), ref)
+            assert_equal(np.einsum('...kl,k', a, v, optimize=opt), ref)  # used to raise error
+            assert_equal(np.einsum('...kl,k...', a, v, optimize=opt), ref)
+
+        J, K, M = 160, 160, 120
+        A = np.arange(J * K * M).reshape(1, 1, 1, J, K, M)
+        B = np.arange(J * K * M * 3).reshape(J, K, M, 3)
+        ref = np.einsum('...lmn,...lmno->...o', A, B, optimize=False)
+        for opt in [True, False]:
+            assert_equal(np.einsum('...lmn,lmno->...o', A, B,
+                                   optimize=opt), ref)  # used to raise error
+
+    def test_einsum_fixedstridebug(self):
+        # Issue #4485 obscure einsum bug
+        # This case revealed a bug in nditer where it reported a stride
+        # as 'fixed' (0) when it was in fact not fixed during processing
+        # (0 or 4). The reason for the bug was that the check for a fixed
+        # stride was using the information from the 2D inner loop reuse
+        # to restrict the iteration dimensions it had to validate to be
+        # the same, but that 2D inner loop reuse logic is only triggered
+        # during the buffer copying step, and hence it was invalid to
+        # rely on those values. The fix is to check all the dimensions
+        # of the stride in question, which in the test case reveals that
+        # the stride is not fixed.
+        #
+        # NOTE: This test is triggered by the fact that the default buffersize,
+        #       used by einsum, is 8192, and 3*2731 = 8193, is larger than that
+        #       and results in a mismatch between the buffering and the
+        #       striding for operand A.
+        A = np.arange(2 * 3).reshape(2, 3).astype(np.float32)
+        B = np.arange(2 * 3 * 2731).reshape(2, 3, 2731).astype(np.int16)
+        es = np.einsum('cl, cpx->lpx',  A,  B)
+        tp = np.tensordot(A,  B,  axes=(0,  0))
+        assert_equal(es,  tp)
+        # The following is the original test case from the bug report,
+        # made repeatable by changing random arrays to aranges.
+        A = np.arange(3 * 3).reshape(3, 3).astype(np.float64)
+        B = np.arange(3 * 3 * 64 * 64).reshape(3, 3, 64, 64).astype(np.float32)
+        es = np.einsum('cl, cpxy->lpxy',  A, B)
+        tp = np.tensordot(A, B,  axes=(0, 0))
+        assert_equal(es, tp)
+
+    def test_einsum_fixed_collapsingbug(self):
+        # Issue #5147.
+        # The bug only occurred when output argument of einssum was used.
+        x = np.random.normal(0, 1, (5, 5, 5, 5))
+        y1 = np.zeros((5, 5))
+        np.einsum('aabb->ab', x, out=y1)
+        idx = np.arange(5)
+        y2 = x[idx[:, None], idx[:, None], idx, idx]
+        assert_equal(y1, y2)
+
+    def test_einsum_failed_on_p9_and_s390x(self):
+        # Issues gh-14692 and gh-12689
+        # Bug with signed vs unsigned char errored on power9 and s390x Linux
+        tensor = np.random.random_sample((10, 10, 10, 10))
+        x = np.einsum('ijij->', tensor)
+        y = tensor.trace(axis1=0, axis2=2).trace()
+        assert_allclose(x, y)
+
+    def test_einsum_all_contig_non_contig_output(self):
+        # Issue gh-5907, tests that the all contiguous special case
+        # actually checks the contiguity of the output
+        x = np.ones((5, 5))
+        out = np.ones(10)[::2]
+        correct_base = np.ones(10)
+        correct_base[::2] = 5
+        # Always worked (inner iteration is done with 0-stride):
+        np.einsum('mi,mi,mi->m', x, x, x, out=out)
+        assert_array_equal(out.base, correct_base)
+        # Example 1:
+        out = np.ones(10)[::2]
+        np.einsum('im,im,im->m', x, x, x, out=out)
+        assert_array_equal(out.base, correct_base)
+        # Example 2, buffering causes x to be contiguous but
+        # special cases do not catch the operation before:
+        out = np.ones((2, 2, 2))[..., 0]
+        correct_base = np.ones((2, 2, 2))
+        correct_base[..., 0] = 2
+        x = np.ones((2, 2), np.float32)
+        np.einsum('ij,jk->ik', x, x, out=out)
+        assert_array_equal(out.base, correct_base)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype",
+             np.typecodes["AllFloat"] + np.typecodes["AllInteger"])
+    def test_different_paths(self, dtype):
+        # Test originally added to cover broken float16 path: gh-20305
+        # Likely most are covered elsewhere, at least partially.
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+        # Simple test, designed to exercise most specialized code paths,
+        # note the +0.5 for floats.  This makes sure we use a float value
+        # where the results must be exact.
+        arr = (np.arange(7) + 0.5).astype(dtype)
+        scalar = np.array(2, dtype=dtype)
+
+        # contig -> scalar:
+        res = np.einsum('i->', arr)
+        assert res == arr.sum()
+        # contig, contig -> contig:
+        res = np.einsum('i,i->i', arr, arr)
+        assert_array_equal(res, arr * arr)
+        # noncontig, noncontig -> contig:
+        res = np.einsum('i,i->i', arr.repeat(2)[::2], arr.repeat(2)[::2])
+        assert_array_equal(res, arr * arr)
+        # contig + contig -> scalar
+        assert np.einsum('i,i->', arr, arr) == (arr * arr).sum()
+        # contig + scalar -> contig (with out)
+        out = np.ones(7, dtype=dtype)
+        res = np.einsum('i,->i', arr, dtype.type(2), out=out)
+        assert_array_equal(res, arr * dtype.type(2))
+        # scalar + contig -> contig (with out)
+        res = np.einsum(',i->i', scalar, arr)
+        assert_array_equal(res, arr * dtype.type(2))
+        # scalar + contig -> scalar
+        res = np.einsum(',i->', scalar, arr)
+        # Use einsum to compare to not have difference due to sum round-offs:
+        assert res == np.einsum('i->', scalar * arr)
+        # contig + scalar -> scalar
+        res = np.einsum('i,->', arr, scalar)
+        # Use einsum to compare to not have difference due to sum round-offs:
+        assert res == np.einsum('i->', scalar * arr)
+        # contig + contig + contig -> scalar
+        arr = np.array([0.5, 0.5, 0.25, 4.5, 3.], dtype=dtype)
+        res = np.einsum('i,i,i->', arr, arr, arr)
+        assert_array_equal(res, (arr * arr * arr).sum())
+        # four arrays:
+        res = np.einsum('i,i,i,i->', arr, arr, arr, arr)
+        assert_array_equal(res, (arr * arr * arr * arr).sum())
+
+    def test_small_boolean_arrays(self):
+        # See gh-5946.
+        # Use array of True embedded in False.
+        a = np.zeros((16, 1, 1), dtype=np.bool_)[:2]
+        a[...] = True
+        out = np.zeros((16, 1, 1), dtype=np.bool_)[:2]
+        tgt = np.ones((2, 1, 1), dtype=np.bool_)
+        res = np.einsum('...ij,...jk->...ik', a, a, out=out)
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_out_is_res(self):
+        a = np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3)
+        res = np.einsum('...ij,...jk->...ik', a, a, out=a)
+        assert res is a
+
+    def optimize_compare(self, subscripts, operands=None):
+        # Tests all paths of the optimization function against
+        # conventional einsum
+        if operands is None:
+            args = [subscripts]
+            terms = subscripts.split('->')[0].split(',')
+            for term in terms:
+                dims = [global_size_dict[x] for x in term]
+                args.append(np.random.rand(*dims))
+        else:
+            args = [subscripts] + operands
+
+        noopt = np.einsum(*args, optimize=False)
+        opt = np.einsum(*args, optimize='greedy')
+        assert_almost_equal(opt, noopt)
+        opt = np.einsum(*args, optimize='optimal')
+        assert_almost_equal(opt, noopt)
+
+    def test_hadamard_like_products(self):
+        # Hadamard outer products
+        self.optimize_compare('a,ab,abc->abc')
+        self.optimize_compare('a,b,ab->ab')
+
+    def test_index_transformations(self):
+        # Simple index transformation cases
+        self.optimize_compare('ea,fb,gc,hd,abcd->efgh')
+        self.optimize_compare('ea,fb,abcd,gc,hd->efgh')
+        self.optimize_compare('abcd,ea,fb,gc,hd->efgh')
+
+    def test_complex(self):
+        # Long test cases
+        self.optimize_compare('acdf,jbje,gihb,hfac,gfac,gifabc,hfac')
+        self.optimize_compare('acdf,jbje,gihb,hfac,gfac,gifabc,hfac')
+        self.optimize_compare('cd,bdhe,aidb,hgca,gc,hgibcd,hgac')
+        self.optimize_compare('abhe,hidj,jgba,hiab,gab')
+        self.optimize_compare('bde,cdh,agdb,hica,ibd,hgicd,hiac')
+        self.optimize_compare('chd,bde,agbc,hiad,hgc,hgi,hiad')
+        self.optimize_compare('chd,bde,agbc,hiad,bdi,cgh,agdb')
+        self.optimize_compare('bdhe,acad,hiab,agac,hibd')
+
+    def test_collapse(self):
+        # Inner products
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,ab,c->')
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,ab,c->c')
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,ab,cd,cd->')
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,ab,cd,cd->ac')
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,ab,cd,cd->cd')
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,ab,cd,cd,ef,ef->')
+
+    def test_expand(self):
+        # Outer products
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,cd,ef->abcdef')
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,cd,ef->acdf')
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,cd,de->abcde')
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,cd,de->be')
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,bcd,cd->abcd')
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,bcd,cd->abd')
+
+    def test_edge_cases(self):
+        # Difficult edge cases for optimization
+        self.optimize_compare('eb,cb,fb->cef')
+        self.optimize_compare('dd,fb,be,cdb->cef')
+        self.optimize_compare('bca,cdb,dbf,afc->')
+        self.optimize_compare('dcc,fce,ea,dbf->ab')
+        self.optimize_compare('fdf,cdd,ccd,afe->ae')
+        self.optimize_compare('abcd,ad')
+        self.optimize_compare('ed,fcd,ff,bcf->be')
+        self.optimize_compare('baa,dcf,af,cde->be')
+        self.optimize_compare('bd,db,eac->ace')
+        self.optimize_compare('fff,fae,bef,def->abd')
+        self.optimize_compare('efc,dbc,acf,fd->abe')
+        self.optimize_compare('ba,ac,da->bcd')
+
+    def test_inner_product(self):
+        # Inner products
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,ab')
+        self.optimize_compare('ab,ba')
+        self.optimize_compare('abc,abc')
+        self.optimize_compare('abc,bac')
+        self.optimize_compare('abc,cba')
+
+    def test_random_cases(self):
+        # Randomly built test cases
+        self.optimize_compare('aab,fa,df,ecc->bde')
+        self.optimize_compare('ecb,fef,bad,ed->ac')
+        self.optimize_compare('bcf,bbb,fbf,fc->')
+        self.optimize_compare('bb,ff,be->e')
+        self.optimize_compare('bcb,bb,fc,fff->')
+        self.optimize_compare('fbb,dfd,fc,fc->')
+        self.optimize_compare('afd,ba,cc,dc->bf')
+        self.optimize_compare('adb,bc,fa,cfc->d')
+        self.optimize_compare('bbd,bda,fc,db->acf')
+        self.optimize_compare('dba,ead,cad->bce')
+        self.optimize_compare('aef,fbc,dca->bde')
+
+    def test_combined_views_mapping(self):
+        # gh-10792
+        a = np.arange(9).reshape(1, 1, 3, 1, 3)
+        b = np.einsum('bbcdc->d', a)
+        assert_equal(b, [12])
+
+    def test_broadcasting_dot_cases(self):
+        # Ensures broadcasting cases are not mistaken for GEMM
+
+        a = np.random.rand(1, 5, 4)
+        b = np.random.rand(4, 6)
+        c = np.random.rand(5, 6)
+        d = np.random.rand(10)
+
+        self.optimize_compare('ijk,kl,jl', operands=[a, b, c])
+        self.optimize_compare('ijk,kl,jl,i->i', operands=[a, b, c, d])
+
+        e = np.random.rand(1, 1, 5, 4)
+        f = np.random.rand(7, 7)
+        self.optimize_compare('abjk,kl,jl', operands=[e, b, c])
+        self.optimize_compare('abjk,kl,jl,ab->ab', operands=[e, b, c, f])
+
+        # Edge case found in gh-11308
+        g = np.arange(64).reshape(2, 4, 8)
+        self.optimize_compare('obk,ijk->ioj', operands=[g, g])
+
+    def test_output_order(self):
+        # Ensure output order is respected for optimize cases, the below
+        # conraction should yield a reshaped tensor view
+        # gh-16415
+
+        a = np.ones((2, 3, 5), order='F')
+        b = np.ones((4, 3), order='F')
+
+        for opt in [True, False]:
+            tmp = np.einsum('...ft,mf->...mt', a, b, order='a', optimize=opt)
+            assert_(tmp.flags.f_contiguous)
+
+            tmp = np.einsum('...ft,mf->...mt', a, b, order='f', optimize=opt)
+            assert_(tmp.flags.f_contiguous)
+
+            tmp = np.einsum('...ft,mf->...mt', a, b, order='c', optimize=opt)
+            assert_(tmp.flags.c_contiguous)
+
+            tmp = np.einsum('...ft,mf->...mt', a, b, order='k', optimize=opt)
+            assert_(tmp.flags.c_contiguous is False)
+            assert_(tmp.flags.f_contiguous is False)
+
+            tmp = np.einsum('...ft,mf->...mt', a, b, optimize=opt)
+            assert_(tmp.flags.c_contiguous is False)
+            assert_(tmp.flags.f_contiguous is False)
+
+        c = np.ones((4, 3), order='C')
+        for opt in [True, False]:
+            tmp = np.einsum('...ft,mf->...mt', a, c, order='a', optimize=opt)
+            assert_(tmp.flags.c_contiguous)
+
+        d = np.ones((2, 3, 5), order='C')
+        for opt in [True, False]:
+            tmp = np.einsum('...ft,mf->...mt', d, c, order='a', optimize=opt)
+            assert_(tmp.flags.c_contiguous)
+
+class TestEinsumPath:
+    def build_operands(self, string, size_dict=global_size_dict):
+
+        # Builds views based off initial operands
+        operands = [string]
+        terms = string.split('->')[0].split(',')
+        for term in terms:
+            dims = [size_dict[x] for x in term]
+            operands.append(np.random.rand(*dims))
+
+        return operands
+
+    def assert_path_equal(self, comp, benchmark):
+        # Checks if list of tuples are equivalent
+        ret = (len(comp) == len(benchmark))
+        assert_(ret)
+        for pos in range(len(comp) - 1):
+            ret &= isinstance(comp[pos + 1], tuple)
+            ret &= (comp[pos + 1] == benchmark[pos + 1])
+        assert_(ret)
+
+    def test_memory_contraints(self):
+        # Ensure memory constraints are satisfied
+
+        outer_test = self.build_operands('a,b,c->abc')
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*outer_test, optimize=('greedy', 0))
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (0, 1, 2)])
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*outer_test, optimize=('optimal', 0))
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (0, 1, 2)])
+
+        long_test = self.build_operands('acdf,jbje,gihb,hfac')
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*long_test, optimize=('greedy', 0))
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (0, 1, 2, 3)])
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*long_test, optimize=('optimal', 0))
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (0, 1, 2, 3)])
+
+    def test_long_paths(self):
+        # Long complex cases
+
+        # Long test 1
+        long_test1 = self.build_operands('acdf,jbje,gihb,hfac,gfac,gifabc,hfac')
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*long_test1, optimize='greedy')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path',
+                                      (3, 6), (3, 4), (2, 4), (2, 3), (0, 2), (0, 1)])
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*long_test1, optimize='optimal')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path',
+                                      (3, 6), (3, 4), (2, 4), (2, 3), (0, 2), (0, 1)])
+
+        # Long test 2
+        long_test2 = self.build_operands('chd,bde,agbc,hiad,bdi,cgh,agdb')
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*long_test2, optimize='greedy')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path',
+                                      (3, 4), (0, 3), (3, 4), (1, 3), (1, 2), (0, 1)])
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*long_test2, optimize='optimal')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path',
+                                      (0, 5), (1, 4), (3, 4), (1, 3), (1, 2), (0, 1)])
+
+    def test_edge_paths(self):
+        # Difficult edge cases
+
+        # Edge test1
+        edge_test1 = self.build_operands('eb,cb,fb->cef')
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*edge_test1, optimize='greedy')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (0, 2), (0, 1)])
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*edge_test1, optimize='optimal')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (0, 2), (0, 1)])
+
+        # Edge test2
+        edge_test2 = self.build_operands('dd,fb,be,cdb->cef')
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*edge_test2, optimize='greedy')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (0, 3), (0, 1), (0, 1)])
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*edge_test2, optimize='optimal')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (0, 3), (0, 1), (0, 1)])
+
+        # Edge test3
+        edge_test3 = self.build_operands('bca,cdb,dbf,afc->')
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*edge_test3, optimize='greedy')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (1, 2), (0, 2), (0, 1)])
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*edge_test3, optimize='optimal')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (1, 2), (0, 2), (0, 1)])
+
+        # Edge test4
+        edge_test4 = self.build_operands('dcc,fce,ea,dbf->ab')
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*edge_test4, optimize='greedy')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (1, 2), (0, 1), (0, 1)])
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*edge_test4, optimize='optimal')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (1, 2), (0, 2), (0, 1)])
+
+        # Edge test5
+        edge_test4 = self.build_operands('a,ac,ab,ad,cd,bd,bc->',
+                                         size_dict={"a": 20, "b": 20, "c": 20, "d": 20})
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*edge_test4, optimize='greedy')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (0, 1), (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)])
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*edge_test4, optimize='optimal')
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (0, 1), (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)])
+
+    def test_path_type_input(self):
+        # Test explicit path handling
+        path_test = self.build_operands('dcc,fce,ea,dbf->ab')
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*path_test, optimize=False)
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (0, 1, 2, 3)])
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*path_test, optimize=True)
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, ['einsum_path', (1, 2), (0, 1), (0, 1)])
+
+        exp_path = ['einsum_path', (0, 2), (0, 2), (0, 1)]
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*path_test, optimize=exp_path)
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, exp_path)
+
+        # Double check einsum works on the input path
+        noopt = np.einsum(*path_test, optimize=False)
+        opt = np.einsum(*path_test, optimize=exp_path)
+        assert_almost_equal(noopt, opt)
+
+    def test_path_type_input_internal_trace(self):
+        #gh-20962
+        path_test = self.build_operands('cab,cdd->ab')
+        exp_path = ['einsum_path', (1,), (0, 1)]
+
+        path, path_str = np.einsum_path(*path_test, optimize=exp_path)
+        self.assert_path_equal(path, exp_path)
+
+        # Double check einsum works on the input path
+        noopt = np.einsum(*path_test, optimize=False)
+        opt = np.einsum(*path_test, optimize=exp_path)
+        assert_almost_equal(noopt, opt)
+
+    def test_path_type_input_invalid(self):
+        path_test = self.build_operands('ab,bc,cd,de->ae')
+        exp_path = ['einsum_path', (2, 3), (0, 1)]
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, np.einsum, *path_test, optimize=exp_path)
+        assert_raises(
+            RuntimeError, np.einsum_path, *path_test, optimize=exp_path)
+
+        path_test = self.build_operands('a,a,a->a')
+        exp_path = ['einsum_path', (1,), (0, 1)]
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, np.einsum, *path_test, optimize=exp_path)
+        assert_raises(
+            RuntimeError, np.einsum_path, *path_test, optimize=exp_path)
+
+    def test_spaces(self):
+        #gh-10794
+        arr = np.array([[1]])
+        for sp in itertools.product(['', ' '], repeat=4):
+            # no error for any spacing
+            np.einsum('{}...a{}->{}...a{}'.format(*sp), arr)
+
+def test_overlap():
+    a = np.arange(9, dtype=int).reshape(3, 3)
+    b = np.arange(9, dtype=int).reshape(3, 3)
+    d = np.dot(a, b)
+    # sanity check
+    c = np.einsum('ij,jk->ik', a, b)
+    assert_equal(c, d)
+    #gh-10080, out overlaps one of the operands
+    c = np.einsum('ij,jk->ik', a, b, out=b)
+    assert_equal(c, d)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_errstate.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_errstate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a5647f6f34036711337bfe7f625242afd1e2b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_errstate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import pytest
+import sysconfig
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import assert_, assert_raises, IS_WASM
+
+# The floating point emulation on ARM EABI systems lacking a hardware FPU is
+# known to be buggy. This is an attempt to identify these hosts. It may not
+# catch all possible cases, but it catches the known cases of gh-413 and
+# gh-15562.
+hosttype = sysconfig.get_config_var('HOST_GNU_TYPE')
+arm_softfloat = False if hosttype is None else hosttype.endswith('gnueabi')
+
+class TestErrstate:
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(arm_softfloat,
+                        reason='platform/cpu issue with FPU (gh-413,-15562)')
+    def test_invalid(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='raise', under='ignore'):
+            a = -np.arange(3)
+            # This should work
+            with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+                np.sqrt(a)
+            # While this should fail!
+            with assert_raises(FloatingPointError):
+                np.sqrt(a)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(arm_softfloat,
+                        reason='platform/cpu issue with FPU (gh-15562)')
+    def test_divide(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='raise', under='ignore'):
+            a = -np.arange(3)
+            # This should work
+            with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
+                a // 0
+            # While this should fail!
+            with assert_raises(FloatingPointError):
+                a // 0
+            # As should this, see gh-15562
+            with assert_raises(FloatingPointError):
+                a // a
+
+    def test_errcall(self):
+        def foo(*args):
+            print(args)
+
+        olderrcall = np.geterrcall()
+        with np.errstate(call=foo):
+            assert_(np.geterrcall() is foo, 'call is not foo')
+            with np.errstate(call=None):
+                assert_(np.geterrcall() is None, 'call is not None')
+        assert_(np.geterrcall() is olderrcall, 'call is not olderrcall')
+
+    def test_errstate_decorator(self):
+        @np.errstate(all='ignore')
+        def foo():
+            a = -np.arange(3)
+            a // 0
+            
+        foo()
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_extint128.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_extint128.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b64915f36a3c1874a7e8ee5cb0346c2fca39333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_extint128.py
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+import itertools
+import contextlib
+import operator
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.core._multiarray_tests as mt
+
+from numpy.testing import assert_raises, assert_equal
+
+
+INT64_MAX = np.iinfo(np.int64).max
+INT64_MIN = np.iinfo(np.int64).min
+INT64_MID = 2**32
+
+# int128 is not two's complement, the sign bit is separate
+INT128_MAX = 2**128 - 1
+INT128_MIN = -INT128_MAX
+INT128_MID = 2**64
+
+INT64_VALUES = (
+    [INT64_MIN + j for j in range(20)] +
+    [INT64_MAX - j for j in range(20)] +
+    [INT64_MID + j for j in range(-20, 20)] +
+    [2*INT64_MID + j for j in range(-20, 20)] +
+    [INT64_MID//2 + j for j in range(-20, 20)] +
+    list(range(-70, 70))
+)
+
+INT128_VALUES = (
+    [INT128_MIN + j for j in range(20)] +
+    [INT128_MAX - j for j in range(20)] +
+    [INT128_MID + j for j in range(-20, 20)] +
+    [2*INT128_MID + j for j in range(-20, 20)] +
+    [INT128_MID//2 + j for j in range(-20, 20)] +
+    list(range(-70, 70)) +
+    [False]  # negative zero
+)
+
+INT64_POS_VALUES = [x for x in INT64_VALUES if x > 0]
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def exc_iter(*args):
+    """
+    Iterate over Cartesian product of *args, and if an exception is raised,
+    add information of the current iterate.
+    """
+
+    value = [None]
+
+    def iterate():
+        for v in itertools.product(*args):
+            value[0] = v
+            yield v
+
+    try:
+        yield iterate()
+    except Exception:
+        import traceback
+        msg = "At: %r\n%s" % (repr(value[0]),
+                              traceback.format_exc())
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+
+
+def test_safe_binop():
+    # Test checked arithmetic routines
+
+    ops = [
+        (operator.add, 1),
+        (operator.sub, 2),
+        (operator.mul, 3)
+    ]
+
+    with exc_iter(ops, INT64_VALUES, INT64_VALUES) as it:
+        for xop, a, b in it:
+            pyop, op = xop
+            c = pyop(a, b)
+
+            if not (INT64_MIN <= c <= INT64_MAX):
+                assert_raises(OverflowError, mt.extint_safe_binop, a, b, op)
+            else:
+                d = mt.extint_safe_binop(a, b, op)
+                if c != d:
+                    # assert_equal is slow
+                    assert_equal(d, c)
+
+
+def test_to_128():
+    with exc_iter(INT64_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, in it:
+            b = mt.extint_to_128(a)
+            if a != b:
+                assert_equal(b, a)
+
+
+def test_to_64():
+    with exc_iter(INT128_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, in it:
+            if not (INT64_MIN <= a <= INT64_MAX):
+                assert_raises(OverflowError, mt.extint_to_64, a)
+            else:
+                b = mt.extint_to_64(a)
+                if a != b:
+                    assert_equal(b, a)
+
+
+def test_mul_64_64():
+    with exc_iter(INT64_VALUES, INT64_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, b in it:
+            c = a * b
+            d = mt.extint_mul_64_64(a, b)
+            if c != d:
+                assert_equal(d, c)
+
+
+def test_add_128():
+    with exc_iter(INT128_VALUES, INT128_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, b in it:
+            c = a + b
+            if not (INT128_MIN <= c <= INT128_MAX):
+                assert_raises(OverflowError, mt.extint_add_128, a, b)
+            else:
+                d = mt.extint_add_128(a, b)
+                if c != d:
+                    assert_equal(d, c)
+
+
+def test_sub_128():
+    with exc_iter(INT128_VALUES, INT128_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, b in it:
+            c = a - b
+            if not (INT128_MIN <= c <= INT128_MAX):
+                assert_raises(OverflowError, mt.extint_sub_128, a, b)
+            else:
+                d = mt.extint_sub_128(a, b)
+                if c != d:
+                    assert_equal(d, c)
+
+
+def test_neg_128():
+    with exc_iter(INT128_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, in it:
+            b = -a
+            c = mt.extint_neg_128(a)
+            if b != c:
+                assert_equal(c, b)
+
+
+def test_shl_128():
+    with exc_iter(INT128_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, in it:
+            if a < 0:
+                b = -(((-a) << 1) & (2**128-1))
+            else:
+                b = (a << 1) & (2**128-1)
+            c = mt.extint_shl_128(a)
+            if b != c:
+                assert_equal(c, b)
+
+
+def test_shr_128():
+    with exc_iter(INT128_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, in it:
+            if a < 0:
+                b = -((-a) >> 1)
+            else:
+                b = a >> 1
+            c = mt.extint_shr_128(a)
+            if b != c:
+                assert_equal(c, b)
+
+
+def test_gt_128():
+    with exc_iter(INT128_VALUES, INT128_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, b in it:
+            c = a > b
+            d = mt.extint_gt_128(a, b)
+            if c != d:
+                assert_equal(d, c)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+def test_divmod_128_64():
+    with exc_iter(INT128_VALUES, INT64_POS_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, b in it:
+            if a >= 0:
+                c, cr = divmod(a, b)
+            else:
+                c, cr = divmod(-a, b)
+                c = -c
+                cr = -cr
+
+            d, dr = mt.extint_divmod_128_64(a, b)
+
+            if c != d or d != dr or b*d + dr != a:
+                assert_equal(d, c)
+                assert_equal(dr, cr)
+                assert_equal(b*d + dr, a)
+
+
+def test_floordiv_128_64():
+    with exc_iter(INT128_VALUES, INT64_POS_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, b in it:
+            c = a // b
+            d = mt.extint_floordiv_128_64(a, b)
+
+            if c != d:
+                assert_equal(d, c)
+
+
+def test_ceildiv_128_64():
+    with exc_iter(INT128_VALUES, INT64_POS_VALUES) as it:
+        for a, b in it:
+            c = (a + b - 1) // b
+            d = mt.extint_ceildiv_128_64(a, b)
+
+            if c != d:
+                assert_equal(d, c)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_function_base.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_function_base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79f1ecfc9d01178cea591964e384a6bef760153f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_function_base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+import pytest
+from numpy import (
+    logspace, linspace, geomspace, dtype, array, sctypes, arange, isnan,
+    ndarray, sqrt, nextafter, stack, errstate
+    )
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_array_equal, assert_allclose,
+    )
+
+
+class PhysicalQuantity(float):
+    def __new__(cls, value):
+        return float.__new__(cls, value)
+
+    def __add__(self, x):
+        assert_(isinstance(x, PhysicalQuantity))
+        return PhysicalQuantity(float(x) + float(self))
+    __radd__ = __add__
+
+    def __sub__(self, x):
+        assert_(isinstance(x, PhysicalQuantity))
+        return PhysicalQuantity(float(self) - float(x))
+
+    def __rsub__(self, x):
+        assert_(isinstance(x, PhysicalQuantity))
+        return PhysicalQuantity(float(x) - float(self))
+
+    def __mul__(self, x):
+        return PhysicalQuantity(float(x) * float(self))
+    __rmul__ = __mul__
+
+    def __div__(self, x):
+        return PhysicalQuantity(float(self) / float(x))
+
+    def __rdiv__(self, x):
+        return PhysicalQuantity(float(x) / float(self))
+
+
+class PhysicalQuantity2(ndarray):
+    __array_priority__ = 10
+
+
+class TestLogspace:
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        y = logspace(0, 6)
+        assert_(len(y) == 50)
+        y = logspace(0, 6, num=100)
+        assert_(y[-1] == 10 ** 6)
+        y = logspace(0, 6, endpoint=False)
+        assert_(y[-1] < 10 ** 6)
+        y = logspace(0, 6, num=7)
+        assert_array_equal(y, [1, 10, 100, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6])
+
+    def test_start_stop_array(self):
+        start = array([0., 1.])
+        stop = array([6., 7.])
+        t1 = logspace(start, stop, 6)
+        t2 = stack([logspace(_start, _stop, 6)
+                    for _start, _stop in zip(start, stop)], axis=1)
+        assert_equal(t1, t2)
+        t3 = logspace(start, stop[0], 6)
+        t4 = stack([logspace(_start, stop[0], 6)
+                    for _start in start], axis=1)
+        assert_equal(t3, t4)
+        t5 = logspace(start, stop, 6, axis=-1)
+        assert_equal(t5, t2.T)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", [0, 1, -1])
+    def test_base_array(self, axis: int):
+        start = 1
+        stop = 2
+        num = 6
+        base = array([1, 2])
+        t1 = logspace(start, stop, num=num, base=base, axis=axis)
+        t2 = stack(
+            [logspace(start, stop, num=num, base=_base) for _base in base],
+            axis=(axis + 1) % t1.ndim,
+        )
+        assert_equal(t1, t2)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", [0, 1, -1])
+    def test_stop_base_array(self, axis: int):
+        start = 1
+        stop = array([2, 3])
+        num = 6
+        base = array([1, 2])
+        t1 = logspace(start, stop, num=num, base=base, axis=axis)
+        t2 = stack(
+            [logspace(start, _stop, num=num, base=_base)
+             for _stop, _base in zip(stop, base)],
+            axis=(axis + 1) % t1.ndim,
+        )
+        assert_equal(t1, t2)
+
+    def test_dtype(self):
+        y = logspace(0, 6, dtype='float32')
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, dtype('float32'))
+        y = logspace(0, 6, dtype='float64')
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, dtype('float64'))
+        y = logspace(0, 6, dtype='int32')
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, dtype('int32'))
+
+    def test_physical_quantities(self):
+        a = PhysicalQuantity(1.0)
+        b = PhysicalQuantity(5.0)
+        assert_equal(logspace(a, b), logspace(1.0, 5.0))
+
+    def test_subclass(self):
+        a = array(1).view(PhysicalQuantity2)
+        b = array(7).view(PhysicalQuantity2)
+        ls = logspace(a, b)
+        assert type(ls) is PhysicalQuantity2
+        assert_equal(ls, logspace(1.0, 7.0))
+        ls = logspace(a, b, 1)
+        assert type(ls) is PhysicalQuantity2
+        assert_equal(ls, logspace(1.0, 7.0, 1))
+
+
+class TestGeomspace:
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        y = geomspace(1, 1e6)
+        assert_(len(y) == 50)
+        y = geomspace(1, 1e6, num=100)
+        assert_(y[-1] == 10 ** 6)
+        y = geomspace(1, 1e6, endpoint=False)
+        assert_(y[-1] < 10 ** 6)
+        y = geomspace(1, 1e6, num=7)
+        assert_array_equal(y, [1, 10, 100, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6])
+
+        y = geomspace(8, 2, num=3)
+        assert_allclose(y, [8, 4, 2])
+        assert_array_equal(y.imag, 0)
+
+        y = geomspace(-1, -100, num=3)
+        assert_array_equal(y, [-1, -10, -100])
+        assert_array_equal(y.imag, 0)
+
+        y = geomspace(-100, -1, num=3)
+        assert_array_equal(y, [-100, -10, -1])
+        assert_array_equal(y.imag, 0)
+
+    def test_boundaries_match_start_and_stop_exactly(self):
+        # make sure that the boundaries of the returned array exactly
+        # equal 'start' and 'stop' - this isn't obvious because
+        # np.exp(np.log(x)) isn't necessarily exactly equal to x
+        start = 0.3
+        stop = 20.3
+
+        y = geomspace(start, stop, num=1)
+        assert_equal(y[0], start)
+
+        y = geomspace(start, stop, num=1, endpoint=False)
+        assert_equal(y[0], start)
+
+        y = geomspace(start, stop, num=3)
+        assert_equal(y[0], start)
+        assert_equal(y[-1], stop)
+
+        y = geomspace(start, stop, num=3, endpoint=False)
+        assert_equal(y[0], start)
+
+    def test_nan_interior(self):
+        with errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            y = geomspace(-3, 3, num=4)
+
+        assert_equal(y[0], -3.0)
+        assert_(isnan(y[1:-1]).all())
+        assert_equal(y[3], 3.0)
+
+        with errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            y = geomspace(-3, 3, num=4, endpoint=False)
+
+        assert_equal(y[0], -3.0)
+        assert_(isnan(y[1:]).all())
+
+    def test_complex(self):
+        # Purely imaginary
+        y = geomspace(1j, 16j, num=5)
+        assert_allclose(y, [1j, 2j, 4j, 8j, 16j])
+        assert_array_equal(y.real, 0)
+
+        y = geomspace(-4j, -324j, num=5)
+        assert_allclose(y, [-4j, -12j, -36j, -108j, -324j])
+        assert_array_equal(y.real, 0)
+
+        y = geomspace(1+1j, 1000+1000j, num=4)
+        assert_allclose(y, [1+1j, 10+10j, 100+100j, 1000+1000j])
+
+        y = geomspace(-1+1j, -1000+1000j, num=4)
+        assert_allclose(y, [-1+1j, -10+10j, -100+100j, -1000+1000j])
+
+        # Logarithmic spirals
+        y = geomspace(-1, 1, num=3, dtype=complex)
+        assert_allclose(y, [-1, 1j, +1])
+
+        y = geomspace(0+3j, -3+0j, 3)
+        assert_allclose(y, [0+3j, -3/sqrt(2)+3j/sqrt(2), -3+0j])
+        y = geomspace(0+3j, 3+0j, 3)
+        assert_allclose(y, [0+3j, 3/sqrt(2)+3j/sqrt(2), 3+0j])
+        y = geomspace(-3+0j, 0-3j, 3)
+        assert_allclose(y, [-3+0j, -3/sqrt(2)-3j/sqrt(2), 0-3j])
+        y = geomspace(0+3j, -3+0j, 3)
+        assert_allclose(y, [0+3j, -3/sqrt(2)+3j/sqrt(2), -3+0j])
+        y = geomspace(-2-3j, 5+7j, 7)
+        assert_allclose(y, [-2-3j, -0.29058977-4.15771027j,
+                            2.08885354-4.34146838j, 4.58345529-3.16355218j,
+                            6.41401745-0.55233457j, 6.75707386+3.11795092j,
+                            5+7j])
+
+        # Type promotion should prevent the -5 from becoming a NaN
+        y = geomspace(3j, -5, 2)
+        assert_allclose(y, [3j, -5])
+        y = geomspace(-5, 3j, 2)
+        assert_allclose(y, [-5, 3j])
+
+    def test_dtype(self):
+        y = geomspace(1, 1e6, dtype='float32')
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, dtype('float32'))
+        y = geomspace(1, 1e6, dtype='float64')
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, dtype('float64'))
+        y = geomspace(1, 1e6, dtype='int32')
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, dtype('int32'))
+
+        # Native types
+        y = geomspace(1, 1e6, dtype=float)
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, dtype('float_'))
+        y = geomspace(1, 1e6, dtype=complex)
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, dtype('complex'))
+
+    def test_start_stop_array_scalar(self):
+        lim1 = array([120, 100], dtype="int8")
+        lim2 = array([-120, -100], dtype="int8")
+        lim3 = array([1200, 1000], dtype="uint16")
+        t1 = geomspace(lim1[0], lim1[1], 5)
+        t2 = geomspace(lim2[0], lim2[1], 5)
+        t3 = geomspace(lim3[0], lim3[1], 5)
+        t4 = geomspace(120.0, 100.0, 5)
+        t5 = geomspace(-120.0, -100.0, 5)
+        t6 = geomspace(1200.0, 1000.0, 5)
+
+        # t3 uses float32, t6 uses float64
+        assert_allclose(t1, t4, rtol=1e-2)
+        assert_allclose(t2, t5, rtol=1e-2)
+        assert_allclose(t3, t6, rtol=1e-5)
+
+    def test_start_stop_array(self):
+        # Try to use all special cases.
+        start = array([1.e0, 32., 1j, -4j, 1+1j, -1])
+        stop = array([1.e4, 2., 16j, -324j, 10000+10000j, 1])
+        t1 = geomspace(start, stop, 5)
+        t2 = stack([geomspace(_start, _stop, 5)
+                    for _start, _stop in zip(start, stop)], axis=1)
+        assert_equal(t1, t2)
+        t3 = geomspace(start, stop[0], 5)
+        t4 = stack([geomspace(_start, stop[0], 5)
+                    for _start in start], axis=1)
+        assert_equal(t3, t4)
+        t5 = geomspace(start, stop, 5, axis=-1)
+        assert_equal(t5, t2.T)
+
+    def test_physical_quantities(self):
+        a = PhysicalQuantity(1.0)
+        b = PhysicalQuantity(5.0)
+        assert_equal(geomspace(a, b), geomspace(1.0, 5.0))
+
+    def test_subclass(self):
+        a = array(1).view(PhysicalQuantity2)
+        b = array(7).view(PhysicalQuantity2)
+        gs = geomspace(a, b)
+        assert type(gs) is PhysicalQuantity2
+        assert_equal(gs, geomspace(1.0, 7.0))
+        gs = geomspace(a, b, 1)
+        assert type(gs) is PhysicalQuantity2
+        assert_equal(gs, geomspace(1.0, 7.0, 1))
+
+    def test_bounds(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, geomspace, 0, 10)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, geomspace, 10, 0)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, geomspace, 0, 0)
+
+
+class TestLinspace:
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        y = linspace(0, 10)
+        assert_(len(y) == 50)
+        y = linspace(2, 10, num=100)
+        assert_(y[-1] == 10)
+        y = linspace(2, 10, endpoint=False)
+        assert_(y[-1] < 10)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, linspace, 0, 10, num=-1)
+
+    def test_corner(self):
+        y = list(linspace(0, 1, 1))
+        assert_(y == [0.0], y)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, linspace, 0, 1, num=2.5)
+
+    def test_type(self):
+        t1 = linspace(0, 1, 0).dtype
+        t2 = linspace(0, 1, 1).dtype
+        t3 = linspace(0, 1, 2).dtype
+        assert_equal(t1, t2)
+        assert_equal(t2, t3)
+
+    def test_dtype(self):
+        y = linspace(0, 6, dtype='float32')
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, dtype('float32'))
+        y = linspace(0, 6, dtype='float64')
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, dtype('float64'))
+        y = linspace(0, 6, dtype='int32')
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, dtype('int32'))
+
+    def test_start_stop_array_scalar(self):
+        lim1 = array([-120, 100], dtype="int8")
+        lim2 = array([120, -100], dtype="int8")
+        lim3 = array([1200, 1000], dtype="uint16")
+        t1 = linspace(lim1[0], lim1[1], 5)
+        t2 = linspace(lim2[0], lim2[1], 5)
+        t3 = linspace(lim3[0], lim3[1], 5)
+        t4 = linspace(-120.0, 100.0, 5)
+        t5 = linspace(120.0, -100.0, 5)
+        t6 = linspace(1200.0, 1000.0, 5)
+        assert_equal(t1, t4)
+        assert_equal(t2, t5)
+        assert_equal(t3, t6)
+
+    def test_start_stop_array(self):
+        start = array([-120, 120], dtype="int8")
+        stop = array([100, -100], dtype="int8")
+        t1 = linspace(start, stop, 5)
+        t2 = stack([linspace(_start, _stop, 5)
+                    for _start, _stop in zip(start, stop)], axis=1)
+        assert_equal(t1, t2)
+        t3 = linspace(start, stop[0], 5)
+        t4 = stack([linspace(_start, stop[0], 5)
+                    for _start in start], axis=1)
+        assert_equal(t3, t4)
+        t5 = linspace(start, stop, 5, axis=-1)
+        assert_equal(t5, t2.T)
+
+    def test_complex(self):
+        lim1 = linspace(1 + 2j, 3 + 4j, 5)
+        t1 = array([1.0+2.j, 1.5+2.5j,  2.0+3j, 2.5+3.5j, 3.0+4j])
+        lim2 = linspace(1j, 10, 5)
+        t2 = array([0.0+1.j, 2.5+0.75j, 5.0+0.5j, 7.5+0.25j, 10.0+0j])
+        assert_equal(lim1, t1)
+        assert_equal(lim2, t2)
+
+    def test_physical_quantities(self):
+        a = PhysicalQuantity(0.0)
+        b = PhysicalQuantity(1.0)
+        assert_equal(linspace(a, b), linspace(0.0, 1.0))
+
+    def test_subclass(self):
+        a = array(0).view(PhysicalQuantity2)
+        b = array(1).view(PhysicalQuantity2)
+        ls = linspace(a, b)
+        assert type(ls) is PhysicalQuantity2
+        assert_equal(ls, linspace(0.0, 1.0))
+        ls = linspace(a, b, 1)
+        assert type(ls) is PhysicalQuantity2
+        assert_equal(ls, linspace(0.0, 1.0, 1))
+
+    def test_array_interface(self):
+        # Regression test for https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/6659
+        # Ensure that start/stop can be objects that implement
+        # __array_interface__ and are convertible to numeric scalars
+
+        class Arrayish:
+            """
+            A generic object that supports the __array_interface__ and hence
+            can in principle be converted to a numeric scalar, but is not
+            otherwise recognized as numeric, but also happens to support
+            multiplication by floats.
+
+            Data should be an object that implements the buffer interface,
+            and contains at least 4 bytes.
+            """
+
+            def __init__(self, data):
+                self._data = data
+
+            @property
+            def __array_interface__(self):
+                return {'shape': (), 'typestr': ' 1)
+        assert_(info.minexp < -1)
+        assert_(info.maxexp > 1)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_half.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_half.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbc1bf6a0a6dd0c82b8c62968407e9c959a582f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_half.py
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+import platform
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy import uint16, float16, float32, float64
+from numpy.testing import assert_, assert_equal, _OLD_PROMOTION, IS_WASM
+
+
+def assert_raises_fpe(strmatch, callable, *args, **kwargs):
+    try:
+        callable(*args, **kwargs)
+    except FloatingPointError as exc:
+        assert_(str(exc).find(strmatch) >= 0,
+                "Did not raise floating point %s error" % strmatch)
+    else:
+        assert_(False,
+                "Did not raise floating point %s error" % strmatch)
+
+class TestHalf:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        # An array of all possible float16 values
+        self.all_f16 = np.arange(0x10000, dtype=uint16)
+        self.all_f16.dtype = float16
+
+        # NaN value can cause an invalid FP exception if HW is been used
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            self.all_f32 = np.array(self.all_f16, dtype=float32)
+            self.all_f64 = np.array(self.all_f16, dtype=float64)
+
+        # An array of all non-NaN float16 values, in sorted order
+        self.nonan_f16 = np.concatenate(
+                                (np.arange(0xfc00, 0x7fff, -1, dtype=uint16),
+                                 np.arange(0x0000, 0x7c01, 1, dtype=uint16)))
+        self.nonan_f16.dtype = float16
+        self.nonan_f32 = np.array(self.nonan_f16, dtype=float32)
+        self.nonan_f64 = np.array(self.nonan_f16, dtype=float64)
+
+        # An array of all finite float16 values, in sorted order
+        self.finite_f16 = self.nonan_f16[1:-1]
+        self.finite_f32 = self.nonan_f32[1:-1]
+        self.finite_f64 = self.nonan_f64[1:-1]
+
+    def test_half_conversions(self):
+        """Checks that all 16-bit values survive conversion
+           to/from 32-bit and 64-bit float"""
+        # Because the underlying routines preserve the NaN bits, every
+        # value is preserved when converting to/from other floats.
+
+        # Convert from float32 back to float16
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            b = np.array(self.all_f32, dtype=float16)
+        # avoid testing NaNs due to differ bits wither Q/SNaNs
+        b_nn = b == b
+        assert_equal(self.all_f16[b_nn].view(dtype=uint16),
+                     b[b_nn].view(dtype=uint16))
+
+        # Convert from float64 back to float16
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            b = np.array(self.all_f64, dtype=float16)
+        b_nn = b == b
+        assert_equal(self.all_f16[b_nn].view(dtype=uint16),
+                     b[b_nn].view(dtype=uint16))
+
+        # Convert float16 to longdouble and back
+        # This doesn't necessarily preserve the extra NaN bits,
+        # so exclude NaNs.
+        a_ld = np.array(self.nonan_f16, dtype=np.longdouble)
+        b = np.array(a_ld, dtype=float16)
+        assert_equal(self.nonan_f16.view(dtype=uint16),
+                     b.view(dtype=uint16))
+
+        # Check the range for which all integers can be represented
+        i_int = np.arange(-2048, 2049)
+        i_f16 = np.array(i_int, dtype=float16)
+        j = np.array(i_f16, dtype=int)
+        assert_equal(i_int, j)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("string_dt", ["S", "U"])
+    def test_half_conversion_to_string(self, string_dt):
+        # Currently uses S/U32 (which is sufficient for float32)
+        expected_dt = np.dtype(f"{string_dt}32")
+        assert np.promote_types(np.float16, string_dt) == expected_dt
+        assert np.promote_types(string_dt, np.float16) == expected_dt
+
+        arr = np.ones(3, dtype=np.float16).astype(string_dt)
+        assert arr.dtype == expected_dt
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("string_dt", ["S", "U"])
+    def test_half_conversion_from_string(self, string_dt):
+        string = np.array("3.1416", dtype=string_dt)
+        assert string.astype(np.float16) == np.array(3.1416, dtype=np.float16)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("offset", [None, "up", "down"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("shift", [None, "up", "down"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("float_t", [np.float32, np.float64])
+    @np._no_nep50_warning()
+    def test_half_conversion_rounding(self, float_t, shift, offset):
+        # Assumes that round to even is used during casting.
+        max_pattern = np.float16(np.finfo(np.float16).max).view(np.uint16)
+
+        # Test all (positive) finite numbers, denormals are most interesting
+        # however:
+        f16s_patterns = np.arange(0, max_pattern+1, dtype=np.uint16)
+        f16s_float = f16s_patterns.view(np.float16).astype(float_t)
+
+        # Shift the values by half a bit up or a down (or do not shift),
+        if shift == "up":
+            f16s_float = 0.5 * (f16s_float[:-1] + f16s_float[1:])[1:]
+        elif shift == "down":
+            f16s_float = 0.5 * (f16s_float[:-1] + f16s_float[1:])[:-1]
+        else:
+            f16s_float = f16s_float[1:-1]
+
+        # Increase the float by a minimal value:
+        if offset == "up":
+            f16s_float = np.nextafter(f16s_float, float_t(np.inf))
+        elif offset == "down":
+            f16s_float = np.nextafter(f16s_float, float_t(-np.inf))
+
+        # Convert back to float16 and its bit pattern:
+        res_patterns = f16s_float.astype(np.float16).view(np.uint16)
+
+        # The above calculations tries the original values, or the exact
+        # mid points between the float16 values. It then further offsets them
+        # by as little as possible. If no offset occurs, "round to even"
+        # logic will be necessary, an arbitrarily small offset should cause
+        # normal up/down rounding always.
+
+        # Calculate the expected pattern:
+        cmp_patterns = f16s_patterns[1:-1].copy()
+
+        if shift == "down" and offset != "up":
+            shift_pattern = -1
+        elif shift == "up" and offset != "down":
+            shift_pattern = 1
+        else:
+            # There cannot be a shift, either shift is None, so all rounding
+            # will go back to original, or shift is reduced by offset too much.
+            shift_pattern = 0
+
+        # If rounding occurs, is it normal rounding or round to even?
+        if offset is None:
+            # Round to even occurs, modify only non-even, cast to allow + (-1)
+            cmp_patterns[0::2].view(np.int16)[...] += shift_pattern
+        else:
+            cmp_patterns.view(np.int16)[...] += shift_pattern
+
+        assert_equal(res_patterns, cmp_patterns)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["float_t", "uint_t", "bits"],
+                             [(np.float32, np.uint32, 23),
+                              (np.float64, np.uint64, 52)])
+    def test_half_conversion_denormal_round_even(self, float_t, uint_t, bits):
+        # Test specifically that all bits are considered when deciding
+        # whether round to even should occur (i.e. no bits are lost at the
+        # end. Compare also gh-12721. The most bits can get lost for the
+        # smallest denormal:
+        smallest_value = np.uint16(1).view(np.float16).astype(float_t)
+        assert smallest_value == 2**-24
+
+        # Will be rounded to zero based on round to even rule:
+        rounded_to_zero = smallest_value / float_t(2)
+        assert rounded_to_zero.astype(np.float16) == 0
+
+        # The significand will be all 0 for the float_t, test that we do not
+        # lose the lower ones of these:
+        for i in range(bits):
+            # slightly increasing the value should make it round up:
+            larger_pattern = rounded_to_zero.view(uint_t) | uint_t(1 << i)
+            larger_value = larger_pattern.view(float_t)
+            assert larger_value.astype(np.float16) == smallest_value
+
+    def test_nans_infs(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            # Check some of the ufuncs
+            assert_equal(np.isnan(self.all_f16), np.isnan(self.all_f32))
+            assert_equal(np.isinf(self.all_f16), np.isinf(self.all_f32))
+            assert_equal(np.isfinite(self.all_f16), np.isfinite(self.all_f32))
+            assert_equal(np.signbit(self.all_f16), np.signbit(self.all_f32))
+            assert_equal(np.spacing(float16(65504)), np.inf)
+
+            # Check comparisons of all values with NaN
+            nan = float16(np.nan)
+
+            assert_(not (self.all_f16 == nan).any())
+            assert_(not (nan == self.all_f16).any())
+
+            assert_((self.all_f16 != nan).all())
+            assert_((nan != self.all_f16).all())
+
+            assert_(not (self.all_f16 < nan).any())
+            assert_(not (nan < self.all_f16).any())
+
+            assert_(not (self.all_f16 <= nan).any())
+            assert_(not (nan <= self.all_f16).any())
+
+            assert_(not (self.all_f16 > nan).any())
+            assert_(not (nan > self.all_f16).any())
+
+            assert_(not (self.all_f16 >= nan).any())
+            assert_(not (nan >= self.all_f16).any())
+
+    def test_half_values(self):
+        """Confirms a small number of known half values"""
+        a = np.array([1.0, -1.0,
+                      2.0, -2.0,
+                      0.0999755859375, 0.333251953125,  # 1/10, 1/3
+                      65504, -65504,           # Maximum magnitude
+                      2.0**(-14), -2.0**(-14),  # Minimum normal
+                      2.0**(-24), -2.0**(-24),  # Minimum subnormal
+                      0, -1/1e1000,            # Signed zeros
+                      np.inf, -np.inf])
+        b = np.array([0x3c00, 0xbc00,
+                      0x4000, 0xc000,
+                      0x2e66, 0x3555,
+                      0x7bff, 0xfbff,
+                      0x0400, 0x8400,
+                      0x0001, 0x8001,
+                      0x0000, 0x8000,
+                      0x7c00, 0xfc00], dtype=uint16)
+        b.dtype = float16
+        assert_equal(a, b)
+
+    def test_half_rounding(self):
+        """Checks that rounding when converting to half is correct"""
+        a = np.array([2.0**-25 + 2.0**-35,  # Rounds to minimum subnormal
+                      2.0**-25,       # Underflows to zero (nearest even mode)
+                      2.0**-26,       # Underflows to zero
+                      1.0+2.0**-11 + 2.0**-16,  # rounds to 1.0+2**(-10)
+                      1.0+2.0**-11,   # rounds to 1.0 (nearest even mode)
+                      1.0+2.0**-12,   # rounds to 1.0
+                      65519,          # rounds to 65504
+                      65520],         # rounds to inf
+                      dtype=float64)
+        rounded = [2.0**-24,
+                   0.0,
+                   0.0,
+                   1.0+2.0**(-10),
+                   1.0,
+                   1.0,
+                   65504,
+                   np.inf]
+
+        # Check float64->float16 rounding
+        with np.errstate(over="ignore"):
+            b = np.array(a, dtype=float16)
+        assert_equal(b, rounded)
+
+        # Check float32->float16 rounding
+        a = np.array(a, dtype=float32)
+        with np.errstate(over="ignore"):
+            b = np.array(a, dtype=float16)
+        assert_equal(b, rounded)
+
+    def test_half_correctness(self):
+        """Take every finite float16, and check the casting functions with
+           a manual conversion."""
+
+        # Create an array of all finite float16s
+        a_bits = self.finite_f16.view(dtype=uint16)
+
+        # Convert to 64-bit float manually
+        a_sgn = (-1.0)**((a_bits & 0x8000) >> 15)
+        a_exp = np.array((a_bits & 0x7c00) >> 10, dtype=np.int32) - 15
+        a_man = (a_bits & 0x03ff) * 2.0**(-10)
+        # Implicit bit of normalized floats
+        a_man[a_exp != -15] += 1
+        # Denormalized exponent is -14
+        a_exp[a_exp == -15] = -14
+
+        a_manual = a_sgn * a_man * 2.0**a_exp
+
+        a32_fail = np.nonzero(self.finite_f32 != a_manual)[0]
+        if len(a32_fail) != 0:
+            bad_index = a32_fail[0]
+            assert_equal(self.finite_f32, a_manual,
+                 "First non-equal is half value 0x%x -> %g != %g" %
+                            (a_bits[bad_index],
+                             self.finite_f32[bad_index],
+                             a_manual[bad_index]))
+
+        a64_fail = np.nonzero(self.finite_f64 != a_manual)[0]
+        if len(a64_fail) != 0:
+            bad_index = a64_fail[0]
+            assert_equal(self.finite_f64, a_manual,
+                 "First non-equal is half value 0x%x -> %g != %g" %
+                            (a_bits[bad_index],
+                             self.finite_f64[bad_index],
+                             a_manual[bad_index]))
+
+    def test_half_ordering(self):
+        """Make sure comparisons are working right"""
+
+        # All non-NaN float16 values in reverse order
+        a = self.nonan_f16[::-1].copy()
+
+        # 32-bit float copy
+        b = np.array(a, dtype=float32)
+
+        # Should sort the same
+        a.sort()
+        b.sort()
+        assert_equal(a, b)
+
+        # Comparisons should work
+        assert_((a[:-1] <= a[1:]).all())
+        assert_(not (a[:-1] > a[1:]).any())
+        assert_((a[1:] >= a[:-1]).all())
+        assert_(not (a[1:] < a[:-1]).any())
+        # All != except for +/-0
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(a[:-1] < a[1:])[0].size, a.size-2)
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(a[1:] > a[:-1])[0].size, a.size-2)
+
+    def test_half_funcs(self):
+        """Test the various ArrFuncs"""
+
+        # fill
+        assert_equal(np.arange(10, dtype=float16),
+                     np.arange(10, dtype=float32))
+
+        # fillwithscalar
+        a = np.zeros((5,), dtype=float16)
+        a.fill(1)
+        assert_equal(a, np.ones((5,), dtype=float16))
+
+        # nonzero and copyswap
+        a = np.array([0, 0, -1, -1/1e20, 0, 2.0**-24, 7.629e-6], dtype=float16)
+        assert_equal(a.nonzero()[0],
+                     [2, 5, 6])
+        a = a.byteswap()
+        a = a.view(a.dtype.newbyteorder())
+        assert_equal(a.nonzero()[0],
+                     [2, 5, 6])
+
+        # dot
+        a = np.arange(0, 10, 0.5, dtype=float16)
+        b = np.ones((20,), dtype=float16)
+        assert_equal(np.dot(a, b),
+                     95)
+
+        # argmax
+        a = np.array([0, -np.inf, -2, 0.5, 12.55, 7.3, 2.1, 12.4], dtype=float16)
+        assert_equal(a.argmax(),
+                     4)
+        a = np.array([0, -np.inf, -2, np.inf, 12.55, np.nan, 2.1, 12.4], dtype=float16)
+        assert_equal(a.argmax(),
+                     5)
+
+        # getitem
+        a = np.arange(10, dtype=float16)
+        for i in range(10):
+            assert_equal(a.item(i), i)
+
+    def test_spacing_nextafter(self):
+        """Test np.spacing and np.nextafter"""
+        # All non-negative finite #'s
+        a = np.arange(0x7c00, dtype=uint16)
+        hinf = np.array((np.inf,), dtype=float16)
+        hnan = np.array((np.nan,), dtype=float16)
+        a_f16 = a.view(dtype=float16)
+
+        assert_equal(np.spacing(a_f16[:-1]), a_f16[1:]-a_f16[:-1])
+
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(a_f16[:-1], hinf), a_f16[1:])
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(a_f16[0], -hinf), -a_f16[1])
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(a_f16[1:], -hinf), a_f16[:-1])
+
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(hinf, a_f16), a_f16[-1])
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(-hinf, a_f16), -a_f16[-1])
+
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(hinf, hinf), hinf)
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(hinf, -hinf), a_f16[-1])
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(-hinf, hinf), -a_f16[-1])
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(-hinf, -hinf), -hinf)
+
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(a_f16, hnan), hnan[0])
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(hnan, a_f16), hnan[0])
+
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(hnan, hnan), hnan)
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(hinf, hnan), hnan)
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(hnan, hinf), hnan)
+
+        # switch to negatives
+        a |= 0x8000
+
+        assert_equal(np.spacing(a_f16[0]), np.spacing(a_f16[1]))
+        assert_equal(np.spacing(a_f16[1:]), a_f16[:-1]-a_f16[1:])
+
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(a_f16[0], hinf), -a_f16[1])
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(a_f16[1:], hinf), a_f16[:-1])
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(a_f16[:-1], -hinf), a_f16[1:])
+
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(hinf, a_f16), -a_f16[-1])
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(-hinf, a_f16), a_f16[-1])
+
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(a_f16, hnan), hnan[0])
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(hnan, a_f16), hnan[0])
+
+    def test_half_ufuncs(self):
+        """Test the various ufuncs"""
+
+        a = np.array([0, 1, 2, 4, 2], dtype=float16)
+        b = np.array([-2, 5, 1, 4, 3], dtype=float16)
+        c = np.array([0, -1, -np.inf, np.nan, 6], dtype=float16)
+
+        assert_equal(np.add(a, b), [-2, 6, 3, 8, 5])
+        assert_equal(np.subtract(a, b), [2, -4, 1, 0, -1])
+        assert_equal(np.multiply(a, b), [0, 5, 2, 16, 6])
+        assert_equal(np.divide(a, b), [0, 0.199951171875, 2, 1, 0.66650390625])
+
+        assert_equal(np.equal(a, b), [False, False, False, True, False])
+        assert_equal(np.not_equal(a, b), [True, True, True, False, True])
+        assert_equal(np.less(a, b), [False, True, False, False, True])
+        assert_equal(np.less_equal(a, b), [False, True, False, True, True])
+        assert_equal(np.greater(a, b), [True, False, True, False, False])
+        assert_equal(np.greater_equal(a, b), [True, False, True, True, False])
+        assert_equal(np.logical_and(a, b), [False, True, True, True, True])
+        assert_equal(np.logical_or(a, b), [True, True, True, True, True])
+        assert_equal(np.logical_xor(a, b), [True, False, False, False, False])
+        assert_equal(np.logical_not(a), [True, False, False, False, False])
+
+        assert_equal(np.isnan(c), [False, False, False, True, False])
+        assert_equal(np.isinf(c), [False, False, True, False, False])
+        assert_equal(np.isfinite(c), [True, True, False, False, True])
+        assert_equal(np.signbit(b), [True, False, False, False, False])
+
+        assert_equal(np.copysign(b, a), [2, 5, 1, 4, 3])
+
+        assert_equal(np.maximum(a, b), [0, 5, 2, 4, 3])
+
+        x = np.maximum(b, c)
+        assert_(np.isnan(x[3]))
+        x[3] = 0
+        assert_equal(x, [0, 5, 1, 0, 6])
+
+        assert_equal(np.minimum(a, b), [-2, 1, 1, 4, 2])
+
+        x = np.minimum(b, c)
+        assert_(np.isnan(x[3]))
+        x[3] = 0
+        assert_equal(x, [-2, -1, -np.inf, 0, 3])
+
+        assert_equal(np.fmax(a, b), [0, 5, 2, 4, 3])
+        assert_equal(np.fmax(b, c), [0, 5, 1, 4, 6])
+        assert_equal(np.fmin(a, b), [-2, 1, 1, 4, 2])
+        assert_equal(np.fmin(b, c), [-2, -1, -np.inf, 4, 3])
+
+        assert_equal(np.floor_divide(a, b), [0, 0, 2, 1, 0])
+        assert_equal(np.remainder(a, b), [0, 1, 0, 0, 2])
+        assert_equal(np.divmod(a, b), ([0, 0, 2, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0, 2]))
+        assert_equal(np.square(b), [4, 25, 1, 16, 9])
+        assert_equal(np.reciprocal(b), [-0.5, 0.199951171875, 1, 0.25, 0.333251953125])
+        assert_equal(np.ones_like(b), [1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.conjugate(b), b)
+        assert_equal(np.absolute(b), [2, 5, 1, 4, 3])
+        assert_equal(np.negative(b), [2, -5, -1, -4, -3])
+        assert_equal(np.positive(b), b)
+        assert_equal(np.sign(b), [-1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.modf(b), ([0, 0, 0, 0, 0], b))
+        assert_equal(np.frexp(b), ([-0.5, 0.625, 0.5, 0.5, 0.75], [2, 3, 1, 3, 2]))
+        assert_equal(np.ldexp(b, [0, 1, 2, 4, 2]), [-2, 10, 4, 64, 12])
+
+    @np._no_nep50_warning()
+    def test_half_coercion(self, weak_promotion):
+        """Test that half gets coerced properly with the other types"""
+        a16 = np.array((1,), dtype=float16)
+        a32 = np.array((1,), dtype=float32)
+        b16 = float16(1)
+        b32 = float32(1)
+
+        assert np.power(a16, 2).dtype == float16
+        assert np.power(a16, 2.0).dtype == float16
+        assert np.power(a16, b16).dtype == float16
+        expected_dt = float32 if weak_promotion else float16
+        assert np.power(a16, b32).dtype == expected_dt
+        assert np.power(a16, a16).dtype == float16
+        assert np.power(a16, a32).dtype == float32
+
+        expected_dt = float16 if weak_promotion else float64
+        assert np.power(b16, 2).dtype == expected_dt
+        assert np.power(b16, 2.0).dtype == expected_dt
+        assert np.power(b16, b16).dtype, float16
+        assert np.power(b16, b32).dtype, float32
+        assert np.power(b16, a16).dtype, float16
+        assert np.power(b16, a32).dtype, float32
+
+        assert np.power(a32, a16).dtype == float32
+        assert np.power(a32, b16).dtype == float32
+        expected_dt = float32 if weak_promotion else float16
+        assert np.power(b32, a16).dtype == expected_dt
+        assert np.power(b32, b16).dtype == float32
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(platform.machine() == "armv5tel",
+                        reason="See gh-413.")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM,
+                        reason="fp exceptions don't work in wasm.")
+    def test_half_fpe(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='raise'):
+            sx16 = np.array((1e-4,), dtype=float16)
+            bx16 = np.array((1e4,), dtype=float16)
+            sy16 = float16(1e-4)
+            by16 = float16(1e4)
+
+            # Underflow errors
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a*b, sx16, sx16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a*b, sx16, sy16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a*b, sy16, sx16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a*b, sy16, sy16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a/b, sx16, bx16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a/b, sx16, by16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a/b, sy16, bx16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a/b, sy16, by16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a/b,
+                                             float16(2.**-14), float16(2**11))
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a/b,
+                                             float16(-2.**-14), float16(2**11))
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a/b,
+                                             float16(2.**-14+2**-24), float16(2))
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a/b,
+                                             float16(-2.**-14-2**-24), float16(2))
+            assert_raises_fpe('underflow', lambda a, b:a/b,
+                                             float16(2.**-14+2**-23), float16(4))
+
+            # Overflow errors
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', lambda a, b:a*b, bx16, bx16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', lambda a, b:a*b, bx16, by16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', lambda a, b:a*b, by16, bx16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', lambda a, b:a*b, by16, by16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', lambda a, b:a/b, bx16, sx16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', lambda a, b:a/b, bx16, sy16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', lambda a, b:a/b, by16, sx16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', lambda a, b:a/b, by16, sy16)
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', lambda a, b:a+b,
+                                             float16(65504), float16(17))
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', lambda a, b:a-b,
+                                             float16(-65504), float16(17))
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', np.nextafter, float16(65504), float16(np.inf))
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', np.nextafter, float16(-65504), float16(-np.inf))
+            assert_raises_fpe('overflow', np.spacing, float16(65504))
+
+            # Invalid value errors
+            assert_raises_fpe('invalid', np.divide, float16(np.inf), float16(np.inf))
+            assert_raises_fpe('invalid', np.spacing, float16(np.inf))
+            assert_raises_fpe('invalid', np.spacing, float16(np.nan))
+
+            # These should not raise
+            float16(65472)+float16(32)
+            float16(2**-13)/float16(2)
+            float16(2**-14)/float16(2**10)
+            np.spacing(float16(-65504))
+            np.nextafter(float16(65504), float16(-np.inf))
+            np.nextafter(float16(-65504), float16(np.inf))
+            np.nextafter(float16(np.inf), float16(0))
+            np.nextafter(float16(-np.inf), float16(0))
+            np.nextafter(float16(0), float16(np.nan))
+            np.nextafter(float16(np.nan), float16(0))
+            float16(2**-14)/float16(2**10)
+            float16(-2**-14)/float16(2**10)
+            float16(2**-14+2**-23)/float16(2)
+            float16(-2**-14-2**-23)/float16(2)
+
+    def test_half_array_interface(self):
+        """Test that half is compatible with __array_interface__"""
+        class Dummy:
+            pass
+
+        a = np.ones((1,), dtype=float16)
+        b = Dummy()
+        b.__array_interface__ = a.__array_interface__
+        c = np.array(b)
+        assert_(c.dtype == float16)
+        assert_equal(a, c)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_hashtable.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_hashtable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bace4c051e1158662d967839d9ea5dda69a2fde2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_hashtable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import pytest
+
+import random
+from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import identityhash_tester
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("key_length", [1, 3, 6])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("length", [1, 16, 2000])
+def test_identity_hashtable(key_length, length):
+    # use a 30 object pool for everything (duplicates will happen)
+    pool = [object() for i in range(20)]
+    keys_vals = []
+    for i in range(length):
+        keys = tuple(random.choices(pool, k=key_length))
+        keys_vals.append((keys, random.choice(pool)))
+
+    dictionary = dict(keys_vals)
+
+    # add a random item at the end:
+    keys_vals.append(random.choice(keys_vals))
+    # the expected one could be different with duplicates:
+    expected = dictionary[keys_vals[-1][0]]
+
+    res = identityhash_tester(key_length, keys_vals, replace=True)
+    assert res is expected
+
+    # check that ensuring one duplicate definitely raises:
+    keys_vals.insert(0, keys_vals[-2])
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        identityhash_tester(key_length, keys_vals)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_indexerrors.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_indexerrors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0e9a8c55834a8c3f77e36d6a6847a19a46a4eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_indexerrors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (
+        assert_raises, assert_raises_regex,
+        )
+
+
+class TestIndexErrors:
+    '''Tests to exercise indexerrors not covered by other tests.'''
+
+    def test_arraytypes_fasttake(self):
+        'take from a 0-length dimension'
+        x = np.empty((2, 3, 0, 4))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, x.take, [0], axis=2)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, x.take, [1], axis=2)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, x.take, [0], axis=2, mode='wrap')
+        assert_raises(IndexError, x.take, [0], axis=2, mode='clip')
+
+    def test_take_from_object(self):
+        # Check exception taking from object array
+        d = np.zeros(5, dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, d.take, [6])
+
+        # Check exception taking from 0-d array
+        d = np.zeros((5, 0), dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, d.take, [1], axis=1)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, d.take, [0], axis=1)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, d.take, [0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, d.take, [0], mode='wrap')
+        assert_raises(IndexError, d.take, [0], mode='clip')
+
+    def test_multiindex_exceptions(self):
+        a = np.empty(5, dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.item, 20)
+        a = np.empty((5, 0), dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.item, (0, 0))
+
+        a = np.empty(5, dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.itemset, 20, 0)
+        a = np.empty((5, 0), dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.itemset, (0, 0), 0)
+
+    def test_put_exceptions(self):
+        a = np.zeros((5, 5))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.put, 100, 0)
+        a = np.zeros((5, 5), dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.put, 100, 0)
+        a = np.zeros((5, 5, 0))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.put, 100, 0)
+        a = np.zeros((5, 5, 0), dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.put, 100, 0)
+
+    def test_iterators_exceptions(self):
+        "cases in iterators.c"
+        def assign(obj, ind, val):
+            obj[ind] = val
+
+        a = np.zeros([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0, 5, None, 2])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0, 5, 0, 2])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a, (0, 5, None, 2), 1))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a, (0, 5, 0, 2),  1))
+
+        a = np.zeros([1, 0, 3])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0, 0, None, 2])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a, (0, 0, None, 2), 1))
+
+        a = np.zeros([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a.flat[10])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a.flat, 10, 5))
+        a = np.zeros([1, 0, 3])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a.flat[10])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a.flat, 10, 5))
+
+        a = np.zeros([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a.flat[np.array(10)])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a.flat, np.array(10), 5))
+        a = np.zeros([1, 0, 3])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a.flat[np.array(10)])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a.flat, np.array(10), 5))
+
+        a = np.zeros([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a.flat[np.array([10])])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a.flat, np.array([10]), 5))
+        a = np.zeros([1, 0, 3])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a.flat[np.array([10])])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a.flat, np.array([10]), 5))
+
+    def test_mapping(self):
+        "cases from mapping.c"
+
+        def assign(obj, ind, val):
+            obj[ind] = val
+
+        a = np.zeros((0, 10))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[12])
+
+        a = np.zeros((3, 5))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[(10, 20)])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a, (10, 20), 1))
+        a = np.zeros((3, 0))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[(1, 0)])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a, (1, 0), 1))
+
+        a = np.zeros((10,))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a, 10, 1))
+        a = np.zeros((0,))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a, 10, 1))
+
+        a = np.zeros((3, 5))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[(1, [1, 20])])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a, (1, [1, 20]), 1))
+        a = np.zeros((3, 0))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[(1, [0, 1])])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: assign(a, (1, [0, 1]), 1))
+
+    def test_mapping_error_message(self):
+        a = np.zeros((3, 5))
+        index = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+        assert_raises_regex(
+                IndexError,
+                "too many indices for array: "
+                "array is 2-dimensional, but 5 were indexed",
+                lambda: a[index])
+
+    def test_methods(self):
+        "cases from methods.c"
+
+        a = np.zeros((3, 3))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a.item(100))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a.itemset(100, 1))
+        a = np.zeros((0, 3))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a.item(100))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a.itemset(100, 1))
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_indexing.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_indexing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..042936702305efd25dae5cf5d5d2a3df4c4421f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_indexing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1417 @@
+import sys
+import warnings
+import functools
+import operator
+
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import array_indexing
+from itertools import product
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_raises_regex,
+    assert_array_equal, assert_warns, HAS_REFCOUNT, IS_WASM
+    )
+
+
+class TestIndexing:
+    def test_index_no_floats(self):
+        a = np.array([[[5]]])
+
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0.0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0, 0.0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0.0, 0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0.0,:])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[:, 0.0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[:, 0.0,:])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0.0,:,:])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0, 0, 0.0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0.0, 0, 0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0, 0.0, 0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[-1.4])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0, -1.4])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[-1.4, 0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[-1.4,:])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[:, -1.4])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[:, -1.4,:])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[-1.4,:,:])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0, 0, -1.4])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[-1.4, 0, 0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0, -1.4, 0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0.0:, 0.0])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[0.0:, 0.0,:])
+
+    def test_slicing_no_floats(self):
+        a = np.array([[5]])
+
+        # start as float.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[0.0:])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[0:, 0.0:2])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[0.0::2, :0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[0.0:1:2,:])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[:, 0.0:])
+        # stop as float.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[:0.0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[:0, 1:2.0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[:0.0:2, :0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[:0.0,:])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[:, 0:4.0:2])
+        # step as float.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[::1.0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[0:, :2:2.0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[1::4.0, :0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[::5.0,:])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[:, 0:4:2.0])
+        # mixed.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[1.0:2:2.0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[1.0::2.0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[0:, :2.0:2.0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[1.0:1:4.0, :0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[1.0:5.0:5.0,:])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[:, 0.4:4.0:2.0])
+        # should still get the DeprecationWarning if step = 0.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[::0.0])
+
+    def test_index_no_array_to_index(self):
+        # No non-scalar arrays.
+        a = np.array([[[1]]])
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: a[a:a:a])
+
+    def test_none_index(self):
+        # `None` index adds newaxis
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(a[None], a[np.newaxis])
+        assert_equal(a[None].ndim, a.ndim + 1)
+
+    def test_empty_tuple_index(self):
+        # Empty tuple index creates a view
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(a[()], a)
+        assert_(a[()].base is a)
+        a = np.array(0)
+        assert_(isinstance(a[()], np.int_))
+
+    def test_void_scalar_empty_tuple(self):
+        s = np.zeros((), dtype='V4')
+        assert_equal(s[()].dtype, s.dtype)
+        assert_equal(s[()], s)
+        assert_equal(type(s[...]), np.ndarray)
+
+    def test_same_kind_index_casting(self):
+        # Indexes should be cast with same-kind and not safe, even if that
+        # is somewhat unsafe. So test various different code paths.
+        index = np.arange(5)
+        u_index = index.astype(np.uintp)
+        arr = np.arange(10)
+
+        assert_array_equal(arr[index], arr[u_index])
+        arr[u_index] = np.arange(5)
+        assert_array_equal(arr, np.arange(10))
+
+        arr = np.arange(10).reshape(5, 2)
+        assert_array_equal(arr[index], arr[u_index])
+
+        arr[u_index] = np.arange(5)[:,None]
+        assert_array_equal(arr, np.arange(5)[:,None].repeat(2, axis=1))
+
+        arr = np.arange(25).reshape(5, 5)
+        assert_array_equal(arr[u_index, u_index], arr[index, index])
+
+    def test_empty_fancy_index(self):
+        # Empty list index creates an empty array
+        # with the same dtype (but with weird shape)
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(a[[]], [])
+        assert_equal(a[[]].dtype, a.dtype)
+
+        b = np.array([], dtype=np.intp)
+        assert_equal(a[[]], [])
+        assert_equal(a[[]].dtype, a.dtype)
+
+        b = np.array([])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, b)
+
+    def test_ellipsis_index(self):
+        a = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
+                      [4, 5, 6],
+                      [7, 8, 9]])
+        assert_(a[...] is not a)
+        assert_equal(a[...], a)
+        # `a[...]` was `a` in numpy <1.9.
+        assert_(a[...].base is a)
+
+        # Slicing with ellipsis can skip an
+        # arbitrary number of dimensions
+        assert_equal(a[0, ...], a[0])
+        assert_equal(a[0, ...], a[0,:])
+        assert_equal(a[..., 0], a[:, 0])
+
+        # Slicing with ellipsis always results
+        # in an array, not a scalar
+        assert_equal(a[0, ..., 1], np.array(2))
+
+        # Assignment with `(Ellipsis,)` on 0-d arrays
+        b = np.array(1)
+        b[(Ellipsis,)] = 2
+        assert_equal(b, 2)
+
+    def test_single_int_index(self):
+        # Single integer index selects one row
+        a = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
+                      [4, 5, 6],
+                      [7, 8, 9]])
+
+        assert_equal(a[0], [1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(a[-1], [7, 8, 9])
+
+        # Index out of bounds produces IndexError
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, 1 << 30)
+        # Index overflow produces IndexError
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, 1 << 64)
+
+    def test_single_bool_index(self):
+        # Single boolean index
+        a = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
+                      [4, 5, 6],
+                      [7, 8, 9]])
+
+        assert_equal(a[np.array(True)], a[None])
+        assert_equal(a[np.array(False)], a[None][0:0])
+
+    def test_boolean_shape_mismatch(self):
+        arr = np.ones((5, 4, 3))
+
+        index = np.array([True])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, arr.__getitem__, index)
+
+        index = np.array([False] * 6)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, arr.__getitem__, index)
+
+        index = np.zeros((4, 4), dtype=bool)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, arr.__getitem__, index)
+
+        assert_raises(IndexError, arr.__getitem__, (slice(None), index))
+
+    def test_boolean_indexing_onedim(self):
+        # Indexing a 2-dimensional array with
+        # boolean array of length one
+        a = np.array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.]])
+        b = np.array([ True], dtype=bool)
+        assert_equal(a[b], a)
+        # boolean assignment
+        a[b] = 1.
+        assert_equal(a, [[1., 1., 1.]])
+
+    def test_boolean_assignment_value_mismatch(self):
+        # A boolean assignment should fail when the shape of the values
+        # cannot be broadcast to the subscription. (see also gh-3458)
+        a = np.arange(4)
+
+        def f(a, v):
+            a[a > -1] = v
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, f, a, [])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, f, a, [1, 2, 3])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, f, a[:1], [1, 2, 3])
+
+    def test_boolean_assignment_needs_api(self):
+        # See also gh-7666
+        # This caused a segfault on Python 2 due to the GIL not being
+        # held when the iterator does not need it, but the transfer function
+        # does
+        arr = np.zeros(1000)
+        indx = np.zeros(1000, dtype=bool)
+        indx[:100] = True
+        arr[indx] = np.ones(100, dtype=object)
+
+        expected = np.zeros(1000)
+        expected[:100] = 1
+        assert_array_equal(arr, expected)
+
+    def test_boolean_indexing_twodim(self):
+        # Indexing a 2-dimensional array with
+        # 2-dimensional boolean array
+        a = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
+                      [4, 5, 6],
+                      [7, 8, 9]])
+        b = np.array([[ True, False,  True],
+                      [False,  True, False],
+                      [ True, False,  True]])
+        assert_equal(a[b], [1, 3, 5, 7, 9])
+        assert_equal(a[b[1]], [[4, 5, 6]])
+        assert_equal(a[b[0]], a[b[2]])
+
+        # boolean assignment
+        a[b] = 0
+        assert_equal(a, [[0, 2, 0],
+                         [4, 0, 6],
+                         [0, 8, 0]])
+
+    def test_boolean_indexing_list(self):
+        # Regression test for #13715. It's a use-after-free bug which the
+        # test won't directly catch, but it will show up in valgrind.
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        b = [True, False, True]
+        # Two variants of the test because the first takes a fast path
+        assert_equal(a[b], [1, 3])
+        assert_equal(a[None, b], [[1, 3]])
+
+    def test_reverse_strides_and_subspace_bufferinit(self):
+        # This tests that the strides are not reversed for simple and
+        # subspace fancy indexing.
+        a = np.ones(5)
+        b = np.zeros(5, dtype=np.intp)[::-1]
+        c = np.arange(5)[::-1]
+
+        a[b] = c
+        # If the strides are not reversed, the 0 in the arange comes last.
+        assert_equal(a[0], 0)
+
+        # This also tests that the subspace buffer is initialized:
+        a = np.ones((5, 2))
+        c = np.arange(10).reshape(5, 2)[::-1]
+        a[b, :] = c
+        assert_equal(a[0], [0, 1])
+
+    def test_reversed_strides_result_allocation(self):
+        # Test a bug when calculating the output strides for a result array
+        # when the subspace size was 1 (and test other cases as well)
+        a = np.arange(10)[:, None]
+        i = np.arange(10)[::-1]
+        assert_array_equal(a[i], a[i.copy('C')])
+
+        a = np.arange(20).reshape(-1, 2)
+
+    def test_uncontiguous_subspace_assignment(self):
+        # During development there was a bug activating a skip logic
+        # based on ndim instead of size.
+        a = np.full((3, 4, 2), -1)
+        b = np.full((3, 4, 2), -1)
+
+        a[[0, 1]] = np.arange(2 * 4 * 2).reshape(2, 4, 2).T
+        b[[0, 1]] = np.arange(2 * 4 * 2).reshape(2, 4, 2).T.copy()
+
+        assert_equal(a, b)
+
+    def test_too_many_fancy_indices_special_case(self):
+        # Just documents behaviour, this is a small limitation.
+        a = np.ones((1,) * 32)  # 32 is NPY_MAXDIMS
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, (np.array([0]),) * 32)
+
+    def test_scalar_array_bool(self):
+        # NumPy bools can be used as boolean index (python ones as of yet not)
+        a = np.array(1)
+        assert_equal(a[np.bool_(True)], a[np.array(True)])
+        assert_equal(a[np.bool_(False)], a[np.array(False)])
+
+        # After deprecating bools as integers:
+        #a = np.array([0,1,2])
+        #assert_equal(a[True, :], a[None, :])
+        #assert_equal(a[:, True], a[:, None])
+        #
+        #assert_(not np.may_share_memory(a, a[True, :]))
+
+    def test_everything_returns_views(self):
+        # Before `...` would return a itself.
+        a = np.arange(5)
+
+        assert_(a is not a[()])
+        assert_(a is not a[...])
+        assert_(a is not a[:])
+
+    def test_broaderrors_indexing(self):
+        a = np.zeros((5, 5))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, ([0, 1], [0, 1, 2]))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__setitem__, ([0, 1], [0, 1, 2]), 0)
+
+    def test_trivial_fancy_out_of_bounds(self):
+        a = np.zeros(5)
+        ind = np.ones(20, dtype=np.intp)
+        ind[-1] = 10
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, ind)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__setitem__, ind, 0)
+        ind = np.ones(20, dtype=np.intp)
+        ind[0] = 11
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, ind)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__setitem__, ind, 0)
+
+    def test_trivial_fancy_not_possible(self):
+        # Test that the fast path for trivial assignment is not incorrectly
+        # used when the index is not contiguous or 1D, see also gh-11467.
+        a = np.arange(6)
+        idx = np.arange(6, dtype=np.intp).reshape(2, 1, 3)[:, :, 0]
+        assert_array_equal(a[idx], idx)
+
+        # this case must not go into the fast path, note that idx is
+        # a non-contiuguous none 1D array here.
+        a[idx] = -1
+        res = np.arange(6)
+        res[0] = -1
+        res[3] = -1
+        assert_array_equal(a, res)
+
+    def test_nonbaseclass_values(self):
+        class SubClass(np.ndarray):
+            def __array_finalize__(self, old):
+                # Have array finalize do funny things
+                self.fill(99)
+
+        a = np.zeros((5, 5))
+        s = a.copy().view(type=SubClass)
+        s.fill(1)
+
+        a[[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], :] = s
+        assert_((a == 1).all())
+
+        # Subspace is last, so transposing might want to finalize
+        a[:, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]] = s
+        assert_((a == 1).all())
+
+        a.fill(0)
+        a[...] = s
+        assert_((a == 1).all())
+
+    def test_array_like_values(self):
+        # Similar to the above test, but use a memoryview instead
+        a = np.zeros((5, 5))
+        s = np.arange(25, dtype=np.float64).reshape(5, 5)
+
+        a[[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], :] = memoryview(s)
+        assert_array_equal(a, s)
+
+        a[:, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]] = memoryview(s)
+        assert_array_equal(a, s)
+
+        a[...] = memoryview(s)
+        assert_array_equal(a, s)
+
+    def test_subclass_writeable(self):
+        d = np.rec.array([('NGC1001', 11), ('NGC1002', 1.), ('NGC1003', 1.)],
+                         dtype=[('target', 'S20'), ('V_mag', '>f4')])
+        ind = np.array([False,  True,  True], dtype=bool)
+        assert_(d[ind].flags.writeable)
+        ind = np.array([0, 1])
+        assert_(d[ind].flags.writeable)
+        assert_(d[...].flags.writeable)
+        assert_(d[0].flags.writeable)
+
+    def test_memory_order(self):
+        # This is not necessary to preserve. Memory layouts for
+        # more complex indices are not as simple.
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        b = np.arange(10).reshape(5,2).T
+        assert_(a[b].flags.f_contiguous)
+
+        # Takes a different implementation branch:
+        a = a.reshape(-1, 1)
+        assert_(a[b, 0].flags.f_contiguous)
+
+    def test_scalar_return_type(self):
+        # Full scalar indices should return scalars and object
+        # arrays should not call PyArray_Return on their items
+        class Zero:
+            # The most basic valid indexing
+            def __index__(self):
+                return 0
+
+        z = Zero()
+
+        class ArrayLike:
+            # Simple array, should behave like the array
+            def __array__(self):
+                return np.array(0)
+
+        a = np.zeros(())
+        assert_(isinstance(a[()], np.float_))
+        a = np.zeros(1)
+        assert_(isinstance(a[z], np.float_))
+        a = np.zeros((1, 1))
+        assert_(isinstance(a[z, np.array(0)], np.float_))
+        assert_(isinstance(a[z, ArrayLike()], np.float_))
+
+        # And object arrays do not call it too often:
+        b = np.array(0)
+        a = np.array(0, dtype=object)
+        a[()] = b
+        assert_(isinstance(a[()], np.ndarray))
+        a = np.array([b, None])
+        assert_(isinstance(a[z], np.ndarray))
+        a = np.array([[b, None]])
+        assert_(isinstance(a[z, np.array(0)], np.ndarray))
+        assert_(isinstance(a[z, ArrayLike()], np.ndarray))
+
+    def test_small_regressions(self):
+        # Reference count of intp for index checks
+        a = np.array([0])
+        if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+            refcount = sys.getrefcount(np.dtype(np.intp))
+        # item setting always checks indices in separate function:
+        a[np.array([0], dtype=np.intp)] = 1
+        a[np.array([0], dtype=np.uint8)] = 1
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__setitem__,
+                      np.array([1], dtype=np.intp), 1)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__setitem__,
+                      np.array([1], dtype=np.uint8), 1)
+
+        if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+            assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(np.dtype(np.intp)), refcount)
+
+    def test_unaligned(self):
+        v = (np.zeros(64, dtype=np.int8) + ord('a'))[1:-7]
+        d = v.view(np.dtype("S8"))
+        # unaligned source
+        x = (np.zeros(16, dtype=np.int8) + ord('a'))[1:-7]
+        x = x.view(np.dtype("S8"))
+        x[...] = np.array("b" * 8, dtype="S")
+        b = np.arange(d.size)
+        #trivial
+        assert_equal(d[b], d)
+        d[b] = x
+        # nontrivial
+        # unaligned index array
+        b = np.zeros(d.size + 1).view(np.int8)[1:-(np.intp(0).itemsize - 1)]
+        b = b.view(np.intp)[:d.size]
+        b[...] = np.arange(d.size)
+        assert_equal(d[b.astype(np.int16)], d)
+        d[b.astype(np.int16)] = x
+        # boolean
+        d[b % 2 == 0]
+        d[b % 2 == 0] = x[::2]
+
+    def test_tuple_subclass(self):
+        arr = np.ones((5, 5))
+
+        # A tuple subclass should also be an nd-index
+        class TupleSubclass(tuple):
+            pass
+        index = ([1], [1])
+        index = TupleSubclass(index)
+        assert_(arr[index].shape == (1,))
+        # Unlike the non nd-index:
+        assert_(arr[index,].shape != (1,))
+
+    def test_broken_sequence_not_nd_index(self):
+        # See gh-5063:
+        # If we have an object which claims to be a sequence, but fails
+        # on item getting, this should not be converted to an nd-index (tuple)
+        # If this object happens to be a valid index otherwise, it should work
+        # This object here is very dubious and probably bad though:
+        class SequenceLike:
+            def __index__(self):
+                return 0
+
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 1
+
+            def __getitem__(self, item):
+                raise IndexError('Not possible')
+
+        arr = np.arange(10)
+        assert_array_equal(arr[SequenceLike()], arr[SequenceLike(),])
+
+        # also test that field indexing does not segfault
+        # for a similar reason, by indexing a structured array
+        arr = np.zeros((1,), dtype=[('f1', 'i8'), ('f2', 'i8')])
+        assert_array_equal(arr[SequenceLike()], arr[SequenceLike(),])
+
+    def test_indexing_array_weird_strides(self):
+        # See also gh-6221
+        # the shapes used here come from the issue and create the correct
+        # size for the iterator buffering size.
+        x = np.ones(10)
+        x2 = np.ones((10, 2))
+        ind = np.arange(10)[:, None, None, None]
+        ind = np.broadcast_to(ind, (10, 55, 4, 4))
+
+        # single advanced index case
+        assert_array_equal(x[ind], x[ind.copy()])
+        # higher dimensional advanced index
+        zind = np.zeros(4, dtype=np.intp)
+        assert_array_equal(x2[ind, zind], x2[ind.copy(), zind])
+
+    def test_indexing_array_negative_strides(self):
+        # From gh-8264,
+        # core dumps if negative strides are used in iteration
+        arro = np.zeros((4, 4))
+        arr = arro[::-1, ::-1]
+
+        slices = (slice(None), [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        arr[slices] = 10
+        assert_array_equal(arr, 10.)
+
+    def test_character_assignment(self):
+        # This is an example a function going through CopyObject which
+        # used to have an untested special path for scalars
+        # (the character special dtype case, should be deprecated probably)
+        arr = np.zeros((1, 5), dtype="c")
+        arr[0] = np.str_("asdfg")  # must assign as a sequence
+        assert_array_equal(arr[0], np.array("asdfg", dtype="c"))
+        assert arr[0, 1] == b"s"  # make sure not all were set to "a" for both
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("index",
+            [True, False, np.array([0])])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("num", [32, 40])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("original_ndim", [1, 32])
+    def test_too_many_advanced_indices(self, index, num, original_ndim):
+        # These are limitations based on the number of arguments we can process.
+        # For `num=32` (and all boolean cases), the result is actually define;
+        # but the use of NpyIter (NPY_MAXARGS) limits it for technical reasons.
+        arr = np.ones((1,) * original_ndim)
+        with pytest.raises(IndexError):
+            arr[(index,) * num]
+        with pytest.raises(IndexError):
+            arr[(index,) * num] = 1.
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="no threading")
+    def test_structured_advanced_indexing(self):
+        # Test that copyswap(n) used by integer array indexing is threadsafe
+        # for structured datatypes, see gh-15387. This test can behave randomly.
+        from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+
+        # Create a deeply nested dtype to make a failure more likely:
+        dt = np.dtype([("", "f8")])
+        dt = np.dtype([("", dt)] * 2)
+        dt = np.dtype([("", dt)] * 2)
+        # The array should be large enough to likely run into threading issues
+        arr = np.random.uniform(size=(6000, 8)).view(dt)[:, 0]
+
+        rng = np.random.default_rng()
+        def func(arr):
+            indx = rng.integers(0, len(arr), size=6000, dtype=np.intp)
+            arr[indx]
+
+        tpe = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=8)
+        futures = [tpe.submit(func, arr) for _ in range(10)]
+        for f in futures:
+            f.result()
+
+        assert arr.dtype is dt
+
+    def test_nontuple_ndindex(self):
+        a = np.arange(25).reshape((5, 5))
+        assert_equal(a[[0, 1]], np.array([a[0], a[1]]))
+        assert_equal(a[[0, 1], [0, 1]], np.array([0, 6]))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, [slice(None)])
+
+
+class TestFieldIndexing:
+    def test_scalar_return_type(self):
+        # Field access on an array should return an array, even if it
+        # is 0-d.
+        a = np.zeros((), [('a','f8')])
+        assert_(isinstance(a['a'], np.ndarray))
+        assert_(isinstance(a[['a']], np.ndarray))
+
+
+class TestBroadcastedAssignments:
+    def assign(self, a, ind, val):
+        a[ind] = val
+        return a
+
+    def test_prepending_ones(self):
+        a = np.zeros((3, 2))
+
+        a[...] = np.ones((1, 3, 2))
+        # Fancy with subspace with and without transpose
+        a[[0, 1, 2], :] = np.ones((1, 3, 2))
+        a[:, [0, 1]] = np.ones((1, 3, 2))
+        # Fancy without subspace (with broadcasting)
+        a[[[0], [1], [2]], [0, 1]] = np.ones((1, 3, 2))
+
+    def test_prepend_not_one(self):
+        assign = self.assign
+        s_ = np.s_
+        a = np.zeros(5)
+
+        # Too large and not only ones.
+        assert_raises(ValueError, assign, a, s_[...],  np.ones((2, 1)))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, assign, a, s_[[1, 2, 3],], np.ones((2, 1)))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, assign, a, s_[[[1], [2]],], np.ones((2,2,1)))
+
+    def test_simple_broadcasting_errors(self):
+        assign = self.assign
+        s_ = np.s_
+        a = np.zeros((5, 1))
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, assign, a, s_[...], np.zeros((5, 2)))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, assign, a, s_[...], np.zeros((5, 0)))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, assign, a, s_[:, [0]], np.zeros((5, 2)))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, assign, a, s_[:, [0]], np.zeros((5, 0)))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, assign, a, s_[[0], :], np.zeros((2, 1)))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("index", [
+            (..., [1, 2], slice(None)),
+            ([0, 1], ..., 0),
+            (..., [1, 2], [1, 2])])
+    def test_broadcast_error_reports_correct_shape(self, index):
+        values = np.zeros((100, 100))  # will never broadcast below  
+
+        arr = np.zeros((3, 4, 5, 6, 7))
+        # We currently report without any spaces (could be changed)
+        shape_str = str(arr[index].shape).replace(" ", "")
+        
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
+            arr[index] = values
+
+        assert str(e.value).endswith(shape_str)
+
+    def test_index_is_larger(self):
+        # Simple case of fancy index broadcasting of the index.
+        a = np.zeros((5, 5))
+        a[[[0], [1], [2]], [0, 1, 2]] = [2, 3, 4]
+
+        assert_((a[:3, :3] == [2, 3, 4]).all())
+
+    def test_broadcast_subspace(self):
+        a = np.zeros((100, 100))
+        v = np.arange(100)[:,None]
+        b = np.arange(100)[::-1]
+        a[b] = v
+        assert_((a[::-1] == v).all())
+
+
+class TestSubclasses:
+    def test_basic(self):
+        # Test that indexing in various ways produces SubClass instances,
+        # and that the base is set up correctly: the original subclass
+        # instance for views, and a new ndarray for advanced/boolean indexing
+        # where a copy was made (latter a regression test for gh-11983).
+        class SubClass(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        a = np.arange(5)
+        s = a.view(SubClass)
+        s_slice = s[:3]
+        assert_(type(s_slice) is SubClass)
+        assert_(s_slice.base is s)
+        assert_array_equal(s_slice, a[:3])
+
+        s_fancy = s[[0, 1, 2]]
+        assert_(type(s_fancy) is SubClass)
+        assert_(s_fancy.base is not s)
+        assert_(type(s_fancy.base) is np.ndarray)
+        assert_array_equal(s_fancy, a[[0, 1, 2]])
+        assert_array_equal(s_fancy.base, a[[0, 1, 2]])
+
+        s_bool = s[s > 0]
+        assert_(type(s_bool) is SubClass)
+        assert_(s_bool.base is not s)
+        assert_(type(s_bool.base) is np.ndarray)
+        assert_array_equal(s_bool, a[a > 0])
+        assert_array_equal(s_bool.base, a[a > 0])
+
+    def test_fancy_on_read_only(self):
+        # Test that fancy indexing on read-only SubClass does not make a
+        # read-only copy (gh-14132)
+        class SubClass(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        a = np.arange(5)
+        s = a.view(SubClass)
+        s.flags.writeable = False
+        s_fancy = s[[0, 1, 2]]
+        assert_(s_fancy.flags.writeable)
+
+
+    def test_finalize_gets_full_info(self):
+        # Array finalize should be called on the filled array.
+        class SubClass(np.ndarray):
+            def __array_finalize__(self, old):
+                self.finalize_status = np.array(self)
+                self.old = old
+
+        s = np.arange(10).view(SubClass)
+        new_s = s[:3]
+        assert_array_equal(new_s.finalize_status, new_s)
+        assert_array_equal(new_s.old, s)
+
+        new_s = s[[0,1,2,3]]
+        assert_array_equal(new_s.finalize_status, new_s)
+        assert_array_equal(new_s.old, s)
+
+        new_s = s[s > 0]
+        assert_array_equal(new_s.finalize_status, new_s)
+        assert_array_equal(new_s.old, s)
+
+
+class TestFancyIndexingCast:
+    def test_boolean_index_cast_assign(self):
+        # Setup the boolean index and float arrays.
+        shape = (8, 63)
+        bool_index = np.zeros(shape).astype(bool)
+        bool_index[0, 1] = True
+        zero_array = np.zeros(shape)
+
+        # Assigning float is fine.
+        zero_array[bool_index] = np.array([1])
+        assert_equal(zero_array[0, 1], 1)
+
+        # Fancy indexing works, although we get a cast warning.
+        assert_warns(np.ComplexWarning,
+                     zero_array.__setitem__, ([0], [1]), np.array([2 + 1j]))
+        assert_equal(zero_array[0, 1], 2)  # No complex part
+
+        # Cast complex to float, throwing away the imaginary portion.
+        assert_warns(np.ComplexWarning,
+                     zero_array.__setitem__, bool_index, np.array([1j]))
+        assert_equal(zero_array[0, 1], 0)
+
+class TestFancyIndexingEquivalence:
+    def test_object_assign(self):
+        # Check that the field and object special case using copyto is active.
+        # The right hand side cannot be converted to an array here.
+        a = np.arange(5, dtype=object)
+        b = a.copy()
+        a[:3] = [1, (1,2), 3]
+        b[[0, 1, 2]] = [1, (1,2), 3]
+        assert_array_equal(a, b)
+
+        # test same for subspace fancy indexing
+        b = np.arange(5, dtype=object)[None, :]
+        b[[0], :3] = [[1, (1,2), 3]]
+        assert_array_equal(a, b[0])
+
+        # Check that swapping of axes works.
+        # There was a bug that made the later assignment throw a ValueError
+        # do to an incorrectly transposed temporary right hand side (gh-5714)
+        b = b.T
+        b[:3, [0]] = [[1], [(1,2)], [3]]
+        assert_array_equal(a, b[:, 0])
+
+        # Another test for the memory order of the subspace
+        arr = np.ones((3, 4, 5), dtype=object)
+        # Equivalent slicing assignment for comparison
+        cmp_arr = arr.copy()
+        cmp_arr[:1, ...] = [[[1], [2], [3], [4]]]
+        arr[[0], ...] = [[[1], [2], [3], [4]]]
+        assert_array_equal(arr, cmp_arr)
+        arr = arr.copy('F')
+        arr[[0], ...] = [[[1], [2], [3], [4]]]
+        assert_array_equal(arr, cmp_arr)
+
+    def test_cast_equivalence(self):
+        # Yes, normal slicing uses unsafe casting.
+        a = np.arange(5)
+        b = a.copy()
+
+        a[:3] = np.array(['2', '-3', '-1'])
+        b[[0, 2, 1]] = np.array(['2', '-1', '-3'])
+        assert_array_equal(a, b)
+
+        # test the same for subspace fancy indexing
+        b = np.arange(5)[None, :]
+        b[[0], :3] = np.array([['2', '-3', '-1']])
+        assert_array_equal(a, b[0])
+
+
+class TestMultiIndexingAutomated:
+    """
+    These tests use code to mimic the C-Code indexing for selection.
+
+    NOTE:
+
+        * This still lacks tests for complex item setting.
+        * If you change behavior of indexing, you might want to modify
+          these tests to try more combinations.
+        * Behavior was written to match numpy version 1.8. (though a
+          first version matched 1.7.)
+        * Only tuple indices are supported by the mimicking code.
+          (and tested as of writing this)
+        * Error types should match most of the time as long as there
+          is only one error. For multiple errors, what gets raised
+          will usually not be the same one. They are *not* tested.
+
+    Update 2016-11-30: It is probably not worth maintaining this test
+    indefinitely and it can be dropped if maintenance becomes a burden.
+
+    """
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.a = np.arange(np.prod([3, 1, 5, 6])).reshape(3, 1, 5, 6)
+        self.b = np.empty((3, 0, 5, 6))
+        self.complex_indices = ['skip', Ellipsis,
+            0,
+            # Boolean indices, up to 3-d for some special cases of eating up
+            # dimensions, also need to test all False
+            np.array([True, False, False]),
+            np.array([[True, False], [False, True]]),
+            np.array([[[False, False], [False, False]]]),
+            # Some slices:
+            slice(-5, 5, 2),
+            slice(1, 1, 100),
+            slice(4, -1, -2),
+            slice(None, None, -3),
+            # Some Fancy indexes:
+            np.empty((0, 1, 1), dtype=np.intp),  # empty and can be broadcast
+            np.array([0, 1, -2]),
+            np.array([[2], [0], [1]]),
+            np.array([[0, -1], [0, 1]], dtype=np.dtype('intp').newbyteorder()),
+            np.array([2, -1], dtype=np.int8),
+            np.zeros([1]*31, dtype=int),  # trigger too large array.
+            np.array([0., 1.])]  # invalid datatype
+        # Some simpler indices that still cover a bit more
+        self.simple_indices = [Ellipsis, None, -1, [1], np.array([True]),
+                               'skip']
+        # Very simple ones to fill the rest:
+        self.fill_indices = [slice(None, None), 0]
+
+    def _get_multi_index(self, arr, indices):
+        """Mimic multi dimensional indexing.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : ndarray
+            Array to be indexed.
+        indices : tuple of index objects
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        out : ndarray
+            An array equivalent to the indexing operation (but always a copy).
+            `arr[indices]` should be identical.
+        no_copy : bool
+            Whether the indexing operation requires a copy. If this is `True`,
+            `np.may_share_memory(arr, arr[indices])` should be `True` (with
+            some exceptions for scalars and possibly 0-d arrays).
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        While the function may mostly match the errors of normal indexing this
+        is generally not the case.
+        """
+        in_indices = list(indices)
+        indices = []
+        # if False, this is a fancy or boolean index
+        no_copy = True
+        # number of fancy/scalar indexes that are not consecutive
+        num_fancy = 0
+        # number of dimensions indexed by a "fancy" index
+        fancy_dim = 0
+        # NOTE: This is a funny twist (and probably OK to change).
+        # The boolean array has illegal indexes, but this is
+        # allowed if the broadcast fancy-indices are 0-sized.
+        # This variable is to catch that case.
+        error_unless_broadcast_to_empty = False
+
+        # We need to handle Ellipsis and make arrays from indices, also
+        # check if this is fancy indexing (set no_copy).
+        ndim = 0
+        ellipsis_pos = None  # define here mostly to replace all but first.
+        for i, indx in enumerate(in_indices):
+            if indx is None:
+                continue
+            if isinstance(indx, np.ndarray) and indx.dtype == bool:
+                no_copy = False
+                if indx.ndim == 0:
+                    raise IndexError
+                # boolean indices can have higher dimensions
+                ndim += indx.ndim
+                fancy_dim += indx.ndim
+                continue
+            if indx is Ellipsis:
+                if ellipsis_pos is None:
+                    ellipsis_pos = i
+                    continue  # do not increment ndim counter
+                raise IndexError
+            if isinstance(indx, slice):
+                ndim += 1
+                continue
+            if not isinstance(indx, np.ndarray):
+                # This could be open for changes in numpy.
+                # numpy should maybe raise an error if casting to intp
+                # is not safe. It rejects np.array([1., 2.]) but not
+                # [1., 2.] as index (same for ie. np.take).
+                # (Note the importance of empty lists if changing this here)
+                try:
+                    indx = np.array(indx, dtype=np.intp)
+                except ValueError:
+                    raise IndexError
+                in_indices[i] = indx
+            elif indx.dtype.kind != 'b' and indx.dtype.kind != 'i':
+                raise IndexError('arrays used as indices must be of '
+                                 'integer (or boolean) type')
+            if indx.ndim != 0:
+                no_copy = False
+            ndim += 1
+            fancy_dim += 1
+
+        if arr.ndim - ndim < 0:
+            # we can't take more dimensions then we have, not even for 0-d
+            # arrays.  since a[()] makes sense, but not a[(),]. We will
+            # raise an error later on, unless a broadcasting error occurs
+            # first.
+            raise IndexError
+
+        if ndim == 0 and None not in in_indices:
+            # Well we have no indexes or one Ellipsis. This is legal.
+            return arr.copy(), no_copy
+
+        if ellipsis_pos is not None:
+            in_indices[ellipsis_pos:ellipsis_pos+1] = ([slice(None, None)] *
+                                                       (arr.ndim - ndim))
+
+        for ax, indx in enumerate(in_indices):
+            if isinstance(indx, slice):
+                # convert to an index array
+                indx = np.arange(*indx.indices(arr.shape[ax]))
+                indices.append(['s', indx])
+                continue
+            elif indx is None:
+                # this is like taking a slice with one element from a new axis:
+                indices.append(['n', np.array([0], dtype=np.intp)])
+                arr = arr.reshape((arr.shape[:ax] + (1,) + arr.shape[ax:]))
+                continue
+            if isinstance(indx, np.ndarray) and indx.dtype == bool:
+                if indx.shape != arr.shape[ax:ax+indx.ndim]:
+                    raise IndexError
+
+                try:
+                    flat_indx = np.ravel_multi_index(np.nonzero(indx),
+                                    arr.shape[ax:ax+indx.ndim], mode='raise')
+                except Exception:
+                    error_unless_broadcast_to_empty = True
+                    # fill with 0s instead, and raise error later
+                    flat_indx = np.array([0]*indx.sum(), dtype=np.intp)
+                # concatenate axis into a single one:
+                if indx.ndim != 0:
+                    arr = arr.reshape((arr.shape[:ax]
+                                  + (np.prod(arr.shape[ax:ax+indx.ndim]),)
+                                  + arr.shape[ax+indx.ndim:]))
+                    indx = flat_indx
+                else:
+                    # This could be changed, a 0-d boolean index can
+                    # make sense (even outside the 0-d indexed array case)
+                    # Note that originally this is could be interpreted as
+                    # integer in the full integer special case.
+                    raise IndexError
+            else:
+                # If the index is a singleton, the bounds check is done
+                # before the broadcasting. This used to be different in <1.9
+                if indx.ndim == 0:
+                    if indx >= arr.shape[ax] or indx < -arr.shape[ax]:
+                        raise IndexError
+            if indx.ndim == 0:
+                # The index is a scalar. This used to be two fold, but if
+                # fancy indexing was active, the check was done later,
+                # possibly after broadcasting it away (1.7. or earlier).
+                # Now it is always done.
+                if indx >= arr.shape[ax] or indx < - arr.shape[ax]:
+                    raise IndexError
+            if (len(indices) > 0 and
+                    indices[-1][0] == 'f' and
+                    ax != ellipsis_pos):
+                # NOTE: There could still have been a 0-sized Ellipsis
+                # between them. Checked that with ellipsis_pos.
+                indices[-1].append(indx)
+            else:
+                # We have a fancy index that is not after an existing one.
+                # NOTE: A 0-d array triggers this as well, while one may
+                # expect it to not trigger it, since a scalar would not be
+                # considered fancy indexing.
+                num_fancy += 1
+                indices.append(['f', indx])
+
+        if num_fancy > 1 and not no_copy:
+            # We have to flush the fancy indexes left
+            new_indices = indices[:]
+            axes = list(range(arr.ndim))
+            fancy_axes = []
+            new_indices.insert(0, ['f'])
+            ni = 0
+            ai = 0
+            for indx in indices:
+                ni += 1
+                if indx[0] == 'f':
+                    new_indices[0].extend(indx[1:])
+                    del new_indices[ni]
+                    ni -= 1
+                    for ax in range(ai, ai + len(indx[1:])):
+                        fancy_axes.append(ax)
+                        axes.remove(ax)
+                ai += len(indx) - 1  # axis we are at
+            indices = new_indices
+            # and now we need to transpose arr:
+            arr = arr.transpose(*(fancy_axes + axes))
+
+        # We only have one 'f' index now and arr is transposed accordingly.
+        # Now handle newaxis by reshaping...
+        ax = 0
+        for indx in indices:
+            if indx[0] == 'f':
+                if len(indx) == 1:
+                    continue
+                # First of all, reshape arr to combine fancy axes into one:
+                orig_shape = arr.shape
+                orig_slice = orig_shape[ax:ax + len(indx[1:])]
+                arr = arr.reshape((arr.shape[:ax]
+                                    + (np.prod(orig_slice).astype(int),)
+                                    + arr.shape[ax + len(indx[1:]):]))
+
+                # Check if broadcasting works
+                res = np.broadcast(*indx[1:])
+                # unfortunately the indices might be out of bounds. So check
+                # that first, and use mode='wrap' then. However only if
+                # there are any indices...
+                if res.size != 0:
+                    if error_unless_broadcast_to_empty:
+                        raise IndexError
+                    for _indx, _size in zip(indx[1:], orig_slice):
+                        if _indx.size == 0:
+                            continue
+                        if np.any(_indx >= _size) or np.any(_indx < -_size):
+                                raise IndexError
+                if len(indx[1:]) == len(orig_slice):
+                    if np.prod(orig_slice) == 0:
+                        # Work around for a crash or IndexError with 'wrap'
+                        # in some 0-sized cases.
+                        try:
+                            mi = np.ravel_multi_index(indx[1:], orig_slice,
+                                                      mode='raise')
+                        except Exception:
+                            # This happens with 0-sized orig_slice (sometimes?)
+                            # here it is a ValueError, but indexing gives a:
+                            raise IndexError('invalid index into 0-sized')
+                    else:
+                        mi = np.ravel_multi_index(indx[1:], orig_slice,
+                                                  mode='wrap')
+                else:
+                    # Maybe never happens...
+                    raise ValueError
+                arr = arr.take(mi.ravel(), axis=ax)
+                try:
+                    arr = arr.reshape((arr.shape[:ax]
+                                        + mi.shape
+                                        + arr.shape[ax+1:]))
+                except ValueError:
+                    # too many dimensions, probably
+                    raise IndexError
+                ax += mi.ndim
+                continue
+
+            # If we are here, we have a 1D array for take:
+            arr = arr.take(indx[1], axis=ax)
+            ax += 1
+
+        return arr, no_copy
+
+    def _check_multi_index(self, arr, index):
+        """Check a multi index item getting and simple setting.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : ndarray
+            Array to be indexed, must be a reshaped arange.
+        index : tuple of indexing objects
+            Index being tested.
+        """
+        # Test item getting
+        try:
+            mimic_get, no_copy = self._get_multi_index(arr, index)
+        except Exception as e:
+            if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+                prev_refcount = sys.getrefcount(arr)
+            assert_raises(type(e), arr.__getitem__, index)
+            assert_raises(type(e), arr.__setitem__, index, 0)
+            if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+                assert_equal(prev_refcount, sys.getrefcount(arr))
+            return
+
+        self._compare_index_result(arr, index, mimic_get, no_copy)
+
+    def _check_single_index(self, arr, index):
+        """Check a single index item getting and simple setting.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : ndarray
+            Array to be indexed, must be an arange.
+        index : indexing object
+            Index being tested. Must be a single index and not a tuple
+            of indexing objects (see also `_check_multi_index`).
+        """
+        try:
+            mimic_get, no_copy = self._get_multi_index(arr, (index,))
+        except Exception as e:
+            if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+                prev_refcount = sys.getrefcount(arr)
+            assert_raises(type(e), arr.__getitem__, index)
+            assert_raises(type(e), arr.__setitem__, index, 0)
+            if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+                assert_equal(prev_refcount, sys.getrefcount(arr))
+            return
+
+        self._compare_index_result(arr, index, mimic_get, no_copy)
+
+    def _compare_index_result(self, arr, index, mimic_get, no_copy):
+        """Compare mimicked result to indexing result.
+        """
+        arr = arr.copy()
+        indexed_arr = arr[index]
+        assert_array_equal(indexed_arr, mimic_get)
+        # Check if we got a view, unless its a 0-sized or 0-d array.
+        # (then its not a view, and that does not matter)
+        if indexed_arr.size != 0 and indexed_arr.ndim != 0:
+            assert_(np.may_share_memory(indexed_arr, arr) == no_copy)
+            # Check reference count of the original array
+            if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+                if no_copy:
+                    # refcount increases by one:
+                    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(arr), 3)
+                else:
+                    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(arr), 2)
+
+        # Test non-broadcast setitem:
+        b = arr.copy()
+        b[index] = mimic_get + 1000
+        if b.size == 0:
+            return  # nothing to compare here...
+        if no_copy and indexed_arr.ndim != 0:
+            # change indexed_arr in-place to manipulate original:
+            indexed_arr += 1000
+            assert_array_equal(arr, b)
+            return
+        # Use the fact that the array is originally an arange:
+        arr.flat[indexed_arr.ravel()] += 1000
+        assert_array_equal(arr, b)
+
+    def test_boolean(self):
+        a = np.array(5)
+        assert_equal(a[np.array(True)], 5)
+        a[np.array(True)] = 1
+        assert_equal(a, 1)
+        # NOTE: This is different from normal broadcasting, as
+        # arr[boolean_array] works like in a multi index. Which means
+        # it is aligned to the left. This is probably correct for
+        # consistency with arr[boolean_array,] also no broadcasting
+        # is done at all
+        self._check_multi_index(
+            self.a, (np.zeros_like(self.a, dtype=bool),))
+        self._check_multi_index(
+            self.a, (np.zeros_like(self.a, dtype=bool)[..., 0],))
+        self._check_multi_index(
+            self.a, (np.zeros_like(self.a, dtype=bool)[None, ...],))
+
+    def test_multidim(self):
+        # Automatically test combinations with complex indexes on 2nd (or 1st)
+        # spot and the simple ones in one other spot.
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            # This is so that np.array(True) is not accepted in a full integer
+            # index, when running the file separately.
+            warnings.filterwarnings('error', '', DeprecationWarning)
+            warnings.filterwarnings('error', '', np.VisibleDeprecationWarning)
+
+            def isskip(idx):
+                return isinstance(idx, str) and idx == "skip"
+
+            for simple_pos in [0, 2, 3]:
+                tocheck = [self.fill_indices, self.complex_indices,
+                           self.fill_indices, self.fill_indices]
+                tocheck[simple_pos] = self.simple_indices
+                for index in product(*tocheck):
+                    index = tuple(i for i in index if not isskip(i))
+                    self._check_multi_index(self.a, index)
+                    self._check_multi_index(self.b, index)
+
+        # Check very simple item getting:
+        self._check_multi_index(self.a, (0, 0, 0, 0))
+        self._check_multi_index(self.b, (0, 0, 0, 0))
+        # Also check (simple cases of) too many indices:
+        assert_raises(IndexError, self.a.__getitem__, (0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, self.a.__setitem__, (0, 0, 0, 0, 0), 0)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, self.a.__getitem__, (0, 0, [1], 0, 0))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, self.a.__setitem__, (0, 0, [1], 0, 0), 0)
+
+    def test_1d(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        for index in self.complex_indices:
+            self._check_single_index(a, index)
+
+class TestFloatNonIntegerArgument:
+    """
+    These test that ``TypeError`` is raised when you try to use
+    non-integers as arguments to for indexing and slicing e.g. ``a[0.0:5]``
+    and ``a[0.5]``, or other functions like ``array.reshape(1., -1)``.
+
+    """
+    def test_valid_indexing(self):
+        # These should raise no errors.
+        a = np.array([[[5]]])
+
+        a[np.array([0])]
+        a[[0, 0]]
+        a[:, [0, 0]]
+        a[:, 0,:]
+        a[:,:,:]
+
+    def test_valid_slicing(self):
+        # These should raise no errors.
+        a = np.array([[[5]]])
+
+        a[::]
+        a[0:]
+        a[:2]
+        a[0:2]
+        a[::2]
+        a[1::2]
+        a[:2:2]
+        a[1:2:2]
+
+    def test_non_integer_argument_errors(self):
+        a = np.array([[5]])
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.reshape, a, (1., 1., -1))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.reshape, a, (np.array(1.), -1))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.take, a, [0], 1.)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.take, a, [0], np.float64(1.))
+
+    def test_non_integer_sequence_multiplication(self):
+        # NumPy scalar sequence multiply should not work with non-integers
+        def mult(a, b):
+            return a * b
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, mult, [1], np.float_(3))
+        # following should be OK
+        mult([1], np.int_(3))
+
+    def test_reduce_axis_float_index(self):
+        d = np.zeros((3,3,3))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.min, d, 0.5)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.min, d, (0.5, 1))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.min, d, (1, 2.2))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.min, d, (.2, 1.2))
+
+
+class TestBooleanIndexing:
+    # Using a boolean as integer argument/indexing is an error.
+    def test_bool_as_int_argument_errors(self):
+        a = np.array([[[1]]])
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.reshape, a, (True, -1))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.reshape, a, (np.bool_(True), -1))
+        # Note that operator.index(np.array(True)) does not work, a boolean
+        # array is thus also deprecated, but not with the same message:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, operator.index, np.array(True))
+        assert_warns(DeprecationWarning, operator.index, np.True_)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.take, args=(a, [0], False))
+
+    def test_boolean_indexing_weirdness(self):
+        # Weird boolean indexing things
+        a = np.ones((2, 3, 4))
+        assert a[False, True, ...].shape == (0, 2, 3, 4)
+        assert a[True, [0, 1], True, True, [1], [[2]]].shape == (1, 2)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[False, [0, 1], ...])
+
+    def test_boolean_indexing_fast_path(self):
+        # These used to either give the wrong error, or incorrectly give no
+        # error.
+        a = np.ones((3, 3))
+
+        # This used to incorrectly work (and give an array of shape (0,))
+        idx1 = np.array([[False]*9])
+        assert_raises_regex(IndexError,
+            "boolean index did not match indexed array along dimension 0; "
+            "dimension is 3 but corresponding boolean dimension is 1",
+            lambda: a[idx1])
+
+        # This used to incorrectly give a ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together
+        idx2 = np.array([[False]*8 + [True]])
+        assert_raises_regex(IndexError,
+            "boolean index did not match indexed array along dimension 0; "
+            "dimension is 3 but corresponding boolean dimension is 1",
+            lambda: a[idx2])
+
+        # This is the same as it used to be. The above two should work like this.
+        idx3 = np.array([[False]*10])
+        assert_raises_regex(IndexError,
+            "boolean index did not match indexed array along dimension 0; "
+            "dimension is 3 but corresponding boolean dimension is 1",
+            lambda: a[idx3])
+
+        # This used to give ValueError: non-broadcastable operand
+        a = np.ones((1, 1, 2))
+        idx = np.array([[[True], [False]]])
+        assert_raises_regex(IndexError,
+            "boolean index did not match indexed array along dimension 1; "
+            "dimension is 1 but corresponding boolean dimension is 2",
+            lambda: a[idx])
+
+
+class TestArrayToIndexDeprecation:
+    """Creating an index from array not 0-D is an error.
+
+    """
+    def test_array_to_index_error(self):
+        # so no exception is expected. The raising is effectively tested above.
+        a = np.array([[[1]]])
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, operator.index, np.array([1]))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.reshape, a, (a, -1))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.take, a, [0], a)
+
+
+class TestNonIntegerArrayLike:
+    """Tests that array_likes only valid if can safely cast to integer.
+
+    For instance, lists give IndexError when they cannot be safely cast to
+    an integer.
+
+    """
+    def test_basic(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, [0.5, 1.5])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, (['1', '2'],))
+
+        # The following is valid
+        a.__getitem__([])
+
+
+class TestMultipleEllipsisError:
+    """An index can only have a single ellipsis.
+
+    """
+    def test_basic(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: a[..., ...])
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, ((Ellipsis,) * 2,))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, ((Ellipsis,) * 3,))
+
+
+class TestCApiAccess:
+    def test_getitem(self):
+        subscript = functools.partial(array_indexing, 0)
+
+        # 0-d arrays don't work:
+        assert_raises(IndexError, subscript, np.ones(()), 0)
+        # Out of bound values:
+        assert_raises(IndexError, subscript, np.ones(10), 11)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, subscript, np.ones(10), -11)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, subscript, np.ones((10, 10)), 11)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, subscript, np.ones((10, 10)), -11)
+
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        assert_array_equal(a[4], subscript(a, 4))
+        a = a.reshape(5, 2)
+        assert_array_equal(a[-4], subscript(a, -4))
+
+    def test_setitem(self):
+        assign = functools.partial(array_indexing, 1)
+
+        # Deletion is impossible:
+        assert_raises(ValueError, assign, np.ones(10), 0)
+        # 0-d arrays don't work:
+        assert_raises(IndexError, assign, np.ones(()), 0, 0)
+        # Out of bound values:
+        assert_raises(IndexError, assign, np.ones(10), 11, 0)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, assign, np.ones(10), -11, 0)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, assign, np.ones((10, 10)), 11, 0)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, assign, np.ones((10, 10)), -11, 0)
+
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        assign(a, 4, 10)
+        assert_(a[4] == 10)
+
+        a = a.reshape(5, 2)
+        assign(a, 4, 10)
+        assert_array_equal(a[-1], [10, 10])
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_item_selection.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_item_selection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5660ef583edb52824494efb4d444d10ad2be5b6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_item_selection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_raises, assert_array_equal, HAS_REFCOUNT
+    )
+
+
+class TestTake:
+    def test_simple(self):
+        a = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
+        a_str = [[b'1', b'2'], [b'3', b'4']]
+        modes = ['raise', 'wrap', 'clip']
+        indices = [-1, 4]
+        index_arrays = [np.empty(0, dtype=np.intp),
+                        np.empty(tuple(), dtype=np.intp),
+                        np.empty((1, 1), dtype=np.intp)]
+        real_indices = {'raise': {-1: 1, 4: IndexError},
+                        'wrap': {-1: 1, 4: 0},
+                        'clip': {-1: 0, 4: 1}}
+        # Currently all types but object, use the same function generation.
+        # So it should not be necessary to test all. However test also a non
+        # refcounted struct on top of object, which has a size that hits the
+        # default (non-specialized) path.
+        types = int, object, np.dtype([('', 'i2', 3)])
+        for t in types:
+            # ta works, even if the array may be odd if buffer interface is used
+            ta = np.array(a if np.issubdtype(t, np.number) else a_str, dtype=t)
+            tresult = list(ta.T.copy())
+            for index_array in index_arrays:
+                if index_array.size != 0:
+                    tresult[0].shape = (2,) + index_array.shape
+                    tresult[1].shape = (2,) + index_array.shape
+                for mode in modes:
+                    for index in indices:
+                        real_index = real_indices[mode][index]
+                        if real_index is IndexError and index_array.size != 0:
+                            index_array.put(0, index)
+                            assert_raises(IndexError, ta.take, index_array,
+                                          mode=mode, axis=1)
+                        elif index_array.size != 0:
+                            index_array.put(0, index)
+                            res = ta.take(index_array, mode=mode, axis=1)
+                            assert_array_equal(res, tresult[real_index])
+                        else:
+                            res = ta.take(index_array, mode=mode, axis=1)
+                            assert_(res.shape == (2,) + index_array.shape)
+
+    def test_refcounting(self):
+        objects = [object() for i in range(10)]
+        for mode in ('raise', 'clip', 'wrap'):
+            a = np.array(objects)
+            b = np.array([2, 2, 4, 5, 3, 5])
+            a.take(b, out=a[:6], mode=mode)
+            del a
+            if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+                assert_(all(sys.getrefcount(o) == 3 for o in objects))
+            # not contiguous, example:
+            a = np.array(objects * 2)[::2]
+            a.take(b, out=a[:6], mode=mode)
+            del a
+            if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+                assert_(all(sys.getrefcount(o) == 3 for o in objects))
+
+    def test_unicode_mode(self):
+        d = np.arange(10)
+        k = b'\xc3\xa4'.decode("UTF8")
+        assert_raises(ValueError, d.take, 5, mode=k)
+
+    def test_empty_partition(self):
+        # In reference to github issue #6530
+        a_original = np.array([0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10])
+        a = a_original.copy()
+
+        # An empty partition should be a successful no-op
+        a.partition(np.array([], dtype=np.int16))
+
+        assert_array_equal(a, a_original)
+
+    def test_empty_argpartition(self):
+        # In reference to github issue #6530
+        a = np.array([0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10])
+        a = a.argpartition(np.array([], dtype=np.int16))
+
+        b = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        assert_array_equal(a, b)
+
+
+class TestPutMask:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", list(np.typecodes["All"]) + ["i,O"])
+    def test_simple(self, dtype):
+        if dtype.lower() == "m":
+            dtype += "8[ns]"
+
+        # putmask is weird and doesn't care about value length (even shorter)
+        vals = np.arange(1001).astype(dtype=dtype)
+
+        mask = np.random.randint(2, size=1000).astype(bool)
+        # Use vals.dtype in case of flexible dtype (i.e. string)
+        arr = np.zeros(1000, dtype=vals.dtype)
+        zeros = arr.copy()
+
+        np.putmask(arr, mask, vals)
+        assert_array_equal(arr[mask], vals[:len(mask)][mask])
+        assert_array_equal(arr[~mask], zeros[~mask])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", list(np.typecodes["All"])[1:] + ["i,O"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ["raise", "wrap", "clip"])
+    def test_empty(self, dtype, mode):
+        arr = np.zeros(1000, dtype=dtype)
+        arr_copy = arr.copy()
+        mask = np.random.randint(2, size=1000).astype(bool)
+
+        # Allowing empty values like this is weird...
+        np.put(arr, mask, [])
+        assert_array_equal(arr, arr_copy)
+
+
+class TestPut:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", list(np.typecodes["All"])[1:] + ["i,O"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ["raise", "wrap", "clip"])
+    def test_simple(self, dtype, mode):
+        if dtype.lower() == "m":
+            dtype += "8[ns]"
+
+        # put is weird and doesn't care about value length (even shorter)
+        vals = np.arange(1001).astype(dtype=dtype)
+
+        # Use vals.dtype in case of flexible dtype (i.e. string)
+        arr = np.zeros(1000, dtype=vals.dtype)
+        zeros = arr.copy()
+
+        if mode == "clip":
+            # Special because 0 and -1 value are "reserved" for clip test
+            indx = np.random.permutation(len(arr) - 2)[:-500] + 1
+
+            indx[-1] = 0
+            indx[-2] = len(arr) - 1
+            indx_put = indx.copy()
+            indx_put[-1] = -1389
+            indx_put[-2] = 1321
+        else:
+            # Avoid duplicates (for simplicity) and fill half only
+            indx = np.random.permutation(len(arr) - 3)[:-500]
+            indx_put = indx
+            if mode == "wrap":
+                indx_put = indx_put + len(arr)
+
+        np.put(arr, indx_put, vals, mode=mode)
+        assert_array_equal(arr[indx], vals[:len(indx)])
+        untouched = np.ones(len(arr), dtype=bool)
+        untouched[indx] = False
+        assert_array_equal(arr[untouched], zeros[:untouched.sum()])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", list(np.typecodes["All"])[1:] + ["i,O"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ["raise", "wrap", "clip"])
+    def test_empty(self, dtype, mode):
+        arr = np.zeros(1000, dtype=dtype)
+        arr_copy = arr.copy()
+
+        # Allowing empty values like this is weird...
+        np.put(arr, [1, 2, 3], [])
+        assert_array_equal(arr, arr_copy)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_limited_api.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_limited_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..725de19bdaed5b46218dd7d2c882728bfc3c11be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_limited_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import pytest
+
+from numpy.testing import IS_WASM
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="Can't start subprocess")
+@pytest.mark.xfail(
+    sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_DEBUG"),
+    reason=(
+        "Py_LIMITED_API is incompatible with Py_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS, "
+        "and Py_REF_DEBUG"
+    ),
+)
+def test_limited_api(tmp_path):
+    """Test building a third-party C extension with the limited API."""
+    # Based in part on test_cython from random.tests.test_extending
+
+    here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+    ext_dir = os.path.join(here, "examples", "limited_api")
+
+    cytest = str(tmp_path / "limited_api")
+
+    shutil.copytree(ext_dir, cytest)
+    # build the examples and "install" them into a temporary directory
+
+    install_log = str(tmp_path / "tmp_install_log.txt")
+    subprocess.check_output(
+        [
+            sys.executable,
+            "setup.py",
+            "build",
+            "install",
+            "--prefix", str(tmp_path / "installdir"),
+            "--single-version-externally-managed",
+            "--record",
+            install_log,
+        ],
+        cwd=cytest,
+    )
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_longdouble.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_longdouble.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45721950c0f19685d9c1075f95f7f126a43831aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_longdouble.py
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+import warnings
+import platform
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_warns, assert_array_equal,
+    temppath, IS_MUSL
+    )
+from numpy.core.tests._locales import CommaDecimalPointLocale
+
+
+LD_INFO = np.finfo(np.longdouble)
+longdouble_longer_than_double = (LD_INFO.eps < np.finfo(np.double).eps)
+
+
+_o = 1 + LD_INFO.eps
+string_to_longdouble_inaccurate = (_o != np.longdouble(repr(_o)))
+del _o
+
+
+def test_scalar_extraction():
+    """Confirm that extracting a value doesn't convert to python float"""
+    o = 1 + LD_INFO.eps
+    a = np.array([o, o, o])
+    assert_equal(a[1], o)
+
+
+# Conversions string -> long double
+
+# 0.1 not exactly representable in base 2 floating point.
+repr_precision = len(repr(np.longdouble(0.1)))
+# +2 from macro block starting around line 842 in scalartypes.c.src.
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(IS_MUSL,
+                    reason="test flaky on musllinux")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(LD_INFO.precision + 2 >= repr_precision,
+                    reason="repr precision not enough to show eps")
+def test_repr_roundtrip():
+    # We will only see eps in repr if within printing precision.
+    o = 1 + LD_INFO.eps
+    assert_equal(np.longdouble(repr(o)), o, "repr was %s" % repr(o))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(string_to_longdouble_inaccurate, reason="Need strtold_l")
+def test_repr_roundtrip_bytes():
+    o = 1 + LD_INFO.eps
+    assert_equal(np.longdouble(repr(o).encode("ascii")), o)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(string_to_longdouble_inaccurate, reason="Need strtold_l")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("strtype", (np.str_, np.bytes_, str, bytes))
+def test_array_and_stringlike_roundtrip(strtype):
+    """
+    Test that string representations of long-double roundtrip both
+    for array casting and scalar coercion, see also gh-15608.
+    """
+    o = 1 + LD_INFO.eps
+
+    if strtype in (np.bytes_, bytes):
+        o_str = strtype(repr(o).encode("ascii"))
+    else:
+        o_str = strtype(repr(o))
+
+    # Test that `o` is correctly coerced from the string-like
+    assert o == np.longdouble(o_str)
+
+    # Test that arrays also roundtrip correctly:
+    o_strarr = np.asarray([o] * 3, dtype=strtype)
+    assert (o == o_strarr.astype(np.longdouble)).all()
+
+    # And array coercion and casting to string give the same as scalar repr:
+    assert (o_strarr == o_str).all()
+    assert (np.asarray([o] * 3).astype(strtype) == o_str).all()
+
+
+def test_bogus_string():
+    assert_raises(ValueError, np.longdouble, "spam")
+    assert_raises(ValueError, np.longdouble, "1.0 flub")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(string_to_longdouble_inaccurate, reason="Need strtold_l")
+def test_fromstring():
+    o = 1 + LD_INFO.eps
+    s = (" " + repr(o))*5
+    a = np.array([o]*5)
+    assert_equal(np.fromstring(s, sep=" ", dtype=np.longdouble), a,
+                 err_msg="reading '%s'" % s)
+
+
+def test_fromstring_complex():
+    for ctype in ["complex", "cdouble", "cfloat"]:
+        # Check spacing between separator
+        assert_equal(np.fromstring("1, 2 ,  3  ,4", sep=",", dtype=ctype),
+                     np.array([1., 2., 3., 4.]))
+        # Real component not specified
+        assert_equal(np.fromstring("1j, -2j,  3j, 4e1j", sep=",", dtype=ctype),
+                     np.array([1.j, -2.j, 3.j, 40.j]))
+        # Both components specified
+        assert_equal(np.fromstring("1+1j,2-2j, -3+3j,  -4e1+4j", sep=",", dtype=ctype),
+                     np.array([1. + 1.j, 2. - 2.j, - 3. + 3.j, - 40. + 4j]))
+        # Spaces at wrong places
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.fromstring("1+2 j,3", dtype=ctype, sep=","),
+                         np.array([1.]))
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.fromstring("1+ 2j,3", dtype=ctype, sep=","),
+                         np.array([1.]))
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.fromstring("1 +2j,3", dtype=ctype, sep=","),
+                         np.array([1.]))
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.fromstring("1+j", dtype=ctype, sep=","),
+                         np.array([1.]))
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.fromstring("1+", dtype=ctype, sep=","),
+                         np.array([1.]))
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.fromstring("1j+1", dtype=ctype, sep=","),
+                         np.array([1j]))
+
+
+def test_fromstring_bogus():
+    with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        assert_equal(np.fromstring("1. 2. 3. flop 4.", dtype=float, sep=" "),
+                     np.array([1., 2., 3.]))
+
+
+def test_fromstring_empty():
+    with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        assert_equal(np.fromstring("xxxxx", sep="x"),
+                     np.array([]))
+
+
+def test_fromstring_missing():
+    with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        assert_equal(np.fromstring("1xx3x4x5x6", sep="x"),
+                     np.array([1]))
+
+
+class TestFileBased:
+
+    ldbl = 1 + LD_INFO.eps
+    tgt = np.array([ldbl]*5)
+    out = ''.join([repr(t) + '\n' for t in tgt])
+
+    def test_fromfile_bogus(self):
+        with temppath() as path:
+            with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                f.write("1. 2. 3. flop 4.\n")
+
+            with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=float, sep=" ")
+        assert_equal(res, np.array([1., 2., 3.]))
+
+    def test_fromfile_complex(self):
+        for ctype in ["complex", "cdouble", "cfloat"]:
+            # Check spacing between separator and only real component specified
+            with temppath() as path:
+                with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                    f.write("1, 2 ,  3  ,4\n")
+
+                res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=ctype, sep=",")
+            assert_equal(res, np.array([1., 2., 3., 4.]))
+
+            # Real component not specified
+            with temppath() as path:
+                with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                    f.write("1j, -2j,  3j, 4e1j\n")
+
+                res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=ctype, sep=",")
+            assert_equal(res, np.array([1.j, -2.j, 3.j, 40.j]))
+
+            # Both components specified
+            with temppath() as path:
+                with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                    f.write("1+1j,2-2j, -3+3j,  -4e1+4j\n")
+
+                res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=ctype, sep=",")
+            assert_equal(res, np.array([1. + 1.j, 2. - 2.j, - 3. + 3.j, - 40. + 4j]))
+
+            # Spaces at wrong places
+            with temppath() as path:
+                with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                    f.write("1+2 j,3\n")
+
+                with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                    res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=ctype, sep=",")
+            assert_equal(res, np.array([1.]))
+
+            # Spaces at wrong places
+            with temppath() as path:
+                with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                    f.write("1+ 2j,3\n")
+
+                with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                    res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=ctype, sep=",")
+            assert_equal(res, np.array([1.]))
+
+            # Spaces at wrong places
+            with temppath() as path:
+                with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                    f.write("1 +2j,3\n")
+
+                with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                    res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=ctype, sep=",")
+            assert_equal(res, np.array([1.]))
+
+            # Spaces at wrong places
+            with temppath() as path:
+                with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                    f.write("1+j\n")
+
+                with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                    res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=ctype, sep=",")
+            assert_equal(res, np.array([1.]))
+
+            # Spaces at wrong places
+            with temppath() as path:
+                with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                    f.write("1+\n")
+
+                with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                    res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=ctype, sep=",")
+            assert_equal(res, np.array([1.]))
+
+            # Spaces at wrong places
+            with temppath() as path:
+                with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                    f.write("1j+1\n")
+
+                with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                    res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=ctype, sep=",")
+            assert_equal(res, np.array([1.j]))
+
+
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(string_to_longdouble_inaccurate,
+                        reason="Need strtold_l")
+    def test_fromfile(self):
+        with temppath() as path:
+            with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                f.write(self.out)
+            res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=np.longdouble, sep="\n")
+        assert_equal(res, self.tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(string_to_longdouble_inaccurate,
+                        reason="Need strtold_l")
+    def test_genfromtxt(self):
+        with temppath() as path:
+            with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                f.write(self.out)
+            res = np.genfromtxt(path, dtype=np.longdouble)
+        assert_equal(res, self.tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(string_to_longdouble_inaccurate,
+                        reason="Need strtold_l")
+    def test_loadtxt(self):
+        with temppath() as path:
+            with open(path, 'w') as f:
+                f.write(self.out)
+            res = np.loadtxt(path, dtype=np.longdouble)
+        assert_equal(res, self.tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(string_to_longdouble_inaccurate,
+                        reason="Need strtold_l")
+    def test_tofile_roundtrip(self):
+        with temppath() as path:
+            self.tgt.tofile(path, sep=" ")
+            res = np.fromfile(path, dtype=np.longdouble, sep=" ")
+        assert_equal(res, self.tgt)
+
+
+# Conversions long double -> string
+
+
+def test_repr_exact():
+    o = 1 + LD_INFO.eps
+    assert_(repr(o) != '1')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(longdouble_longer_than_double, reason="BUG #2376")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(string_to_longdouble_inaccurate,
+                    reason="Need strtold_l")
+def test_format():
+    o = 1 + LD_INFO.eps
+    assert_("{0:.40g}".format(o) != '1')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(longdouble_longer_than_double, reason="BUG #2376")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(string_to_longdouble_inaccurate,
+                    reason="Need strtold_l")
+def test_percent():
+    o = 1 + LD_INFO.eps
+    assert_("%.40g" % o != '1')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(longdouble_longer_than_double,
+                    reason="array repr problem")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(string_to_longdouble_inaccurate,
+                    reason="Need strtold_l")
+def test_array_repr():
+    o = 1 + LD_INFO.eps
+    a = np.array([o])
+    b = np.array([1], dtype=np.longdouble)
+    if not np.all(a != b):
+        raise ValueError("precision loss creating arrays")
+    assert_(repr(a) != repr(b))
+
+#
+# Locale tests: scalar types formatting should be independent of the locale
+#
+
+class TestCommaDecimalPointLocale(CommaDecimalPointLocale):
+
+    def test_repr_roundtrip_foreign(self):
+        o = 1.5
+        assert_equal(o, np.longdouble(repr(o)))
+
+    def test_fromstring_foreign_repr(self):
+        f = 1.234
+        a = np.fromstring(repr(f), dtype=float, sep=" ")
+        assert_equal(a[0], f)
+
+    def test_fromstring_best_effort_float(self):
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.fromstring("1,234", dtype=float, sep=" "),
+                         np.array([1.]))
+
+    def test_fromstring_best_effort(self):
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.fromstring("1,234", dtype=np.longdouble, sep=" "),
+                         np.array([1.]))
+
+    def test_fromstring_foreign(self):
+        s = "1.234"
+        a = np.fromstring(s, dtype=np.longdouble, sep=" ")
+        assert_equal(a[0], np.longdouble(s))
+
+    def test_fromstring_foreign_sep(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+        b = np.fromstring("1,2,3,4,", dtype=np.longdouble, sep=",")
+        assert_array_equal(a, b)
+
+    def test_fromstring_foreign_value(self):
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            b = np.fromstring("1,234", dtype=np.longdouble, sep=" ")
+            assert_array_equal(b[0], 1)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("int_val", [
+    # cases discussed in gh-10723
+    # and gh-9968
+    2 ** 1024, 0])
+def test_longdouble_from_int(int_val):
+    # for issue gh-9968
+    str_val = str(int_val)
+    # we'll expect a RuntimeWarning on platforms
+    # with np.longdouble equivalent to np.double
+    # for large integer input
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+        warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', RuntimeWarning)
+        # can be inf==inf on some platforms
+        assert np.longdouble(int_val) == np.longdouble(str_val)
+        # we can't directly compare the int and
+        # max longdouble value on all platforms
+        if np.allclose(np.finfo(np.longdouble).max,
+                       np.finfo(np.double).max) and w:
+            assert w[0].category is RuntimeWarning
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bool_val", [
+    True, False])
+def test_longdouble_from_bool(bool_val):
+    assert np.longdouble(bool_val) == np.longdouble(int(bool_val))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not (IS_MUSL and platform.machine() == "x86_64"),
+    reason="only need to run on musllinux_x86_64"
+)
+def test_musllinux_x86_64_signature():
+    # this test may fail if you're emulating musllinux_x86_64 on a different
+    # architecture, but should pass natively.
+    known_sigs = [b'\xcd\xcc\xcc\xcc\xcc\xcc\xcc\xcc\xfb\xbf']
+    sig = (np.longdouble(-1.0) / np.longdouble(10.0)
+           ).newbyteorder('<').tobytes()[:10]
+    assert sig in known_sigs
+
+
+def test_eps_positive():
+    # np.finfo('g').eps should be positive on all platforms. If this isn't true
+    # then something may have gone wrong with the MachArLike, e.g. if
+    # np.core.getlimits._discovered_machar didn't work properly
+    assert np.finfo(np.longdouble).eps > 0.
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_machar.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_machar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a66ec51fd5860a546b917af3b83d21ac55540ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_machar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+"""
+Test machar. Given recent changes to hardcode type data, we might want to get
+rid of both MachAr and this test at some point.
+
+"""
+from numpy.core._machar import MachAr
+import numpy.core.numerictypes as ntypes
+from numpy import errstate, array
+
+
+class TestMachAr:
+    def _run_machar_highprec(self):
+        # Instantiate MachAr instance with high enough precision to cause
+        # underflow
+        try:
+            hiprec = ntypes.float96
+            MachAr(lambda v: array(v, hiprec))
+        except AttributeError:
+            # Fixme, this needs to raise a 'skip' exception.
+            "Skipping test: no ntypes.float96 available on this platform."
+
+    def test_underlow(self):
+        # Regression test for #759:
+        # instantiating MachAr for dtype = np.float96 raises spurious warning.
+        with errstate(all='raise'):
+            try:
+                self._run_machar_highprec()
+            except FloatingPointError as e:
+                msg = "Caught %s exception, should not have been raised." % e
+                raise AssertionError(msg)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_mem_overlap.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_mem_overlap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fd4c4d412078108f26dc1803b025d37da3329ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_mem_overlap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,931 @@
+import itertools
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import solve_diophantine, internal_overlap
+from numpy.core import _umath_tests
+from numpy.lib.stride_tricks import as_strided
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_raises, assert_equal, assert_array_equal
+    )
+
+
+ndims = 2
+size = 10
+shape = tuple([size] * ndims)
+
+MAY_SHARE_BOUNDS = 0
+MAY_SHARE_EXACT = -1
+
+
+def _indices_for_nelems(nelems):
+    """Returns slices of length nelems, from start onwards, in direction sign."""
+
+    if nelems == 0:
+        return [size // 2]  # int index
+
+    res = []
+    for step in (1, 2):
+        for sign in (-1, 1):
+            start = size // 2 - nelems * step * sign // 2
+            stop = start + nelems * step * sign
+            res.append(slice(start, stop, step * sign))
+
+    return res
+
+
+def _indices_for_axis():
+    """Returns (src, dst) pairs of indices."""
+
+    res = []
+    for nelems in (0, 2, 3):
+        ind = _indices_for_nelems(nelems)
+        res.extend(itertools.product(ind, ind))  # all assignments of size "nelems"
+
+    return res
+
+
+def _indices(ndims):
+    """Returns ((axis0_src, axis0_dst), (axis1_src, axis1_dst), ... ) index pairs."""
+
+    ind = _indices_for_axis()
+    return itertools.product(ind, repeat=ndims)
+
+
+def _check_assignment(srcidx, dstidx):
+    """Check assignment arr[dstidx] = arr[srcidx] works."""
+
+    arr = np.arange(np.prod(shape)).reshape(shape)
+
+    cpy = arr.copy()
+
+    cpy[dstidx] = arr[srcidx]
+    arr[dstidx] = arr[srcidx]
+
+    assert_(np.all(arr == cpy),
+            'assigning arr[%s] = arr[%s]' % (dstidx, srcidx))
+
+
+def test_overlapping_assignments():
+    # Test automatically generated assignments which overlap in memory.
+
+    inds = _indices(ndims)
+
+    for ind in inds:
+        srcidx = tuple([a[0] for a in ind])
+        dstidx = tuple([a[1] for a in ind])
+
+        _check_assignment(srcidx, dstidx)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+def test_diophantine_fuzz():
+    # Fuzz test the diophantine solver
+    rng = np.random.RandomState(1234)
+
+    max_int = np.iinfo(np.intp).max
+
+    for ndim in range(10):
+        feasible_count = 0
+        infeasible_count = 0
+
+        min_count = 500//(ndim + 1)
+
+        while min(feasible_count, infeasible_count) < min_count:
+            # Ensure big and small integer problems
+            A_max = 1 + rng.randint(0, 11, dtype=np.intp)**6
+            U_max = rng.randint(0, 11, dtype=np.intp)**6
+
+            A_max = min(max_int, A_max)
+            U_max = min(max_int-1, U_max)
+
+            A = tuple(int(rng.randint(1, A_max+1, dtype=np.intp))
+                      for j in range(ndim))
+            U = tuple(int(rng.randint(0, U_max+2, dtype=np.intp))
+                      for j in range(ndim))
+
+            b_ub = min(max_int-2, sum(a*ub for a, ub in zip(A, U)))
+            b = int(rng.randint(-1, b_ub+2, dtype=np.intp))
+
+            if ndim == 0 and feasible_count < min_count:
+                b = 0
+
+            X = solve_diophantine(A, U, b)
+
+            if X is None:
+                # Check the simplified decision problem agrees
+                X_simplified = solve_diophantine(A, U, b, simplify=1)
+                assert_(X_simplified is None, (A, U, b, X_simplified))
+
+                # Check no solution exists (provided the problem is
+                # small enough so that brute force checking doesn't
+                # take too long)
+                ranges = tuple(range(0, a*ub+1, a) for a, ub in zip(A, U))
+
+                size = 1
+                for r in ranges:
+                    size *= len(r)
+                if size < 100000:
+                    assert_(not any(sum(w) == b for w in itertools.product(*ranges)))
+                    infeasible_count += 1
+            else:
+                # Check the simplified decision problem agrees
+                X_simplified = solve_diophantine(A, U, b, simplify=1)
+                assert_(X_simplified is not None, (A, U, b, X_simplified))
+
+                # Check validity
+                assert_(sum(a*x for a, x in zip(A, X)) == b)
+                assert_(all(0 <= x <= ub for x, ub in zip(X, U)))
+                feasible_count += 1
+
+
+def test_diophantine_overflow():
+    # Smoke test integer overflow detection
+    max_intp = np.iinfo(np.intp).max
+    max_int64 = np.iinfo(np.int64).max
+
+    if max_int64 <= max_intp:
+        # Check that the algorithm works internally in 128-bit;
+        # solving this problem requires large intermediate numbers
+        A = (max_int64//2, max_int64//2 - 10)
+        U = (max_int64//2, max_int64//2 - 10)
+        b = 2*(max_int64//2) - 10
+
+        assert_equal(solve_diophantine(A, U, b), (1, 1))
+
+
+def check_may_share_memory_exact(a, b):
+    got = np.may_share_memory(a, b, max_work=MAY_SHARE_EXACT)
+
+    assert_equal(np.may_share_memory(a, b),
+                 np.may_share_memory(a, b, max_work=MAY_SHARE_BOUNDS))
+
+    a.fill(0)
+    b.fill(0)
+    a.fill(1)
+    exact = b.any()
+
+    err_msg = ""
+    if got != exact:
+        err_msg = "    " + "\n    ".join([
+            "base_a - base_b = %r" % (a.__array_interface__['data'][0] - b.__array_interface__['data'][0],),
+            "shape_a = %r" % (a.shape,),
+            "shape_b = %r" % (b.shape,),
+            "strides_a = %r" % (a.strides,),
+            "strides_b = %r" % (b.strides,),
+            "size_a = %r" % (a.size,),
+            "size_b = %r" % (b.size,)
+        ])
+
+    assert_equal(got, exact, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+
+def test_may_share_memory_manual():
+    # Manual test cases for may_share_memory
+
+    # Base arrays
+    xs0 = [
+        np.zeros([13, 21, 23, 22], dtype=np.int8),
+        np.zeros([13, 21, 23*2, 22], dtype=np.int8)[:,:,::2,:]
+    ]
+
+    # Generate all negative stride combinations
+    xs = []
+    for x in xs0:
+        for ss in itertools.product(*(([slice(None), slice(None, None, -1)],)*4)):
+            xp = x[ss]
+            xs.append(xp)
+
+    for x in xs:
+        # The default is a simple extent check
+        assert_(np.may_share_memory(x[:,0,:], x[:,1,:]))
+        assert_(np.may_share_memory(x[:,0,:], x[:,1,:], max_work=None))
+
+        # Exact checks
+        check_may_share_memory_exact(x[:,0,:], x[:,1,:])
+        check_may_share_memory_exact(x[:,::7], x[:,3::3])
+
+        try:
+            xp = x.ravel()
+            if xp.flags.owndata:
+                continue
+            xp = xp.view(np.int16)
+        except ValueError:
+            continue
+
+        # 0-size arrays cannot overlap
+        check_may_share_memory_exact(x.ravel()[6:6],
+                                     xp.reshape(13, 21, 23, 11)[:,::7])
+
+        # Test itemsize is dealt with
+        check_may_share_memory_exact(x[:,::7],
+                                     xp.reshape(13, 21, 23, 11))
+        check_may_share_memory_exact(x[:,::7],
+                                     xp.reshape(13, 21, 23, 11)[:,3::3])
+        check_may_share_memory_exact(x.ravel()[6:7],
+                                     xp.reshape(13, 21, 23, 11)[:,::7])
+
+    # Check unit size
+    x = np.zeros([1], dtype=np.int8)
+    check_may_share_memory_exact(x, x)
+    check_may_share_memory_exact(x, x.copy())
+
+
+def iter_random_view_pairs(x, same_steps=True, equal_size=False):
+    rng = np.random.RandomState(1234)
+
+    if equal_size and same_steps:
+        raise ValueError()
+
+    def random_slice(n, step):
+        start = rng.randint(0, n+1, dtype=np.intp)
+        stop = rng.randint(start, n+1, dtype=np.intp)
+        if rng.randint(0, 2, dtype=np.intp) == 0:
+            stop, start = start, stop
+            step *= -1
+        return slice(start, stop, step)
+
+    def random_slice_fixed_size(n, step, size):
+        start = rng.randint(0, n+1 - size*step)
+        stop = start + (size-1)*step + 1
+        if rng.randint(0, 2) == 0:
+            stop, start = start-1, stop-1
+            if stop < 0:
+                stop = None
+            step *= -1
+        return slice(start, stop, step)
+
+    # First a few regular views
+    yield x, x
+    for j in range(1, 7, 3):
+        yield x[j:], x[:-j]
+        yield x[...,j:], x[...,:-j]
+
+    # An array with zero stride internal overlap
+    strides = list(x.strides)
+    strides[0] = 0
+    xp = as_strided(x, shape=x.shape, strides=strides)
+    yield x, xp
+    yield xp, xp
+
+    # An array with non-zero stride internal overlap
+    strides = list(x.strides)
+    if strides[0] > 1:
+        strides[0] = 1
+    xp = as_strided(x, shape=x.shape, strides=strides)
+    yield x, xp
+    yield xp, xp
+
+    # Then discontiguous views
+    while True:
+        steps = tuple(rng.randint(1, 11, dtype=np.intp)
+                      if rng.randint(0, 5, dtype=np.intp) == 0 else 1
+                      for j in range(x.ndim))
+        s1 = tuple(random_slice(p, s) for p, s in zip(x.shape, steps))
+
+        t1 = np.arange(x.ndim)
+        rng.shuffle(t1)
+
+        if equal_size:
+            t2 = t1
+        else:
+            t2 = np.arange(x.ndim)
+            rng.shuffle(t2)
+
+        a = x[s1]
+
+        if equal_size:
+            if a.size == 0:
+                continue
+
+            steps2 = tuple(rng.randint(1, max(2, p//(1+pa)))
+                           if rng.randint(0, 5) == 0 else 1
+                           for p, s, pa in zip(x.shape, s1, a.shape))
+            s2 = tuple(random_slice_fixed_size(p, s, pa)
+                       for p, s, pa in zip(x.shape, steps2, a.shape))
+        elif same_steps:
+            steps2 = steps
+        else:
+            steps2 = tuple(rng.randint(1, 11, dtype=np.intp)
+                           if rng.randint(0, 5, dtype=np.intp) == 0 else 1
+                           for j in range(x.ndim))
+
+        if not equal_size:
+            s2 = tuple(random_slice(p, s) for p, s in zip(x.shape, steps2))
+
+        a = a.transpose(t1)
+        b = x[s2].transpose(t2)
+
+        yield a, b
+
+
+def check_may_share_memory_easy_fuzz(get_max_work, same_steps, min_count):
+    # Check that overlap problems with common strides are solved with
+    # little work.
+    x = np.zeros([17,34,71,97], dtype=np.int16)
+
+    feasible = 0
+    infeasible = 0
+
+    pair_iter = iter_random_view_pairs(x, same_steps)
+
+    while min(feasible, infeasible) < min_count:
+        a, b = next(pair_iter)
+
+        bounds_overlap = np.may_share_memory(a, b)
+        may_share_answer = np.may_share_memory(a, b)
+        easy_answer = np.may_share_memory(a, b, max_work=get_max_work(a, b))
+        exact_answer = np.may_share_memory(a, b, max_work=MAY_SHARE_EXACT)
+
+        if easy_answer != exact_answer:
+            # assert_equal is slow...
+            assert_equal(easy_answer, exact_answer)
+
+        if may_share_answer != bounds_overlap:
+            assert_equal(may_share_answer, bounds_overlap)
+
+        if bounds_overlap:
+            if exact_answer:
+                feasible += 1
+            else:
+                infeasible += 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+def test_may_share_memory_easy_fuzz():
+    # Check that overlap problems with common strides are always
+    # solved with little work.
+
+    check_may_share_memory_easy_fuzz(get_max_work=lambda a, b: 1,
+                                     same_steps=True,
+                                     min_count=2000)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+def test_may_share_memory_harder_fuzz():
+    # Overlap problems with not necessarily common strides take more
+    # work.
+    #
+    # The work bound below can't be reduced much. Harder problems can
+    # also exist but not be detected here, as the set of problems
+    # comes from RNG.
+
+    check_may_share_memory_easy_fuzz(get_max_work=lambda a, b: max(a.size, b.size)//2,
+                                     same_steps=False,
+                                     min_count=2000)
+
+
+def test_shares_memory_api():
+    x = np.zeros([4, 5, 6], dtype=np.int8)
+
+    assert_equal(np.shares_memory(x, x), True)
+    assert_equal(np.shares_memory(x, x.copy()), False)
+
+    a = x[:,::2,::3]
+    b = x[:,::3,::2]
+    assert_equal(np.shares_memory(a, b), True)
+    assert_equal(np.shares_memory(a, b, max_work=None), True)
+    assert_raises(np.TooHardError, np.shares_memory, a, b, max_work=1)
+
+
+def test_may_share_memory_bad_max_work():
+    x = np.zeros([1])
+    assert_raises(OverflowError, np.may_share_memory, x, x, max_work=10**100)
+    assert_raises(OverflowError, np.shares_memory, x, x, max_work=10**100)
+
+
+def test_internal_overlap_diophantine():
+    def check(A, U, exists=None):
+        X = solve_diophantine(A, U, 0, require_ub_nontrivial=1)
+
+        if exists is None:
+            exists = (X is not None)
+
+        if X is not None:
+            assert_(sum(a*x for a, x in zip(A, X)) == sum(a*u//2 for a, u in zip(A, U)))
+            assert_(all(0 <= x <= u for x, u in zip(X, U)))
+            assert_(any(x != u//2 for x, u in zip(X, U)))
+
+        if exists:
+            assert_(X is not None, repr(X))
+        else:
+            assert_(X is None, repr(X))
+
+    # Smoke tests
+    check((3, 2), (2*2, 3*2), exists=True)
+    check((3*2, 2), (15*2, (3-1)*2), exists=False)
+
+
+def test_internal_overlap_slices():
+    # Slicing an array never generates internal overlap
+
+    x = np.zeros([17,34,71,97], dtype=np.int16)
+
+    rng = np.random.RandomState(1234)
+
+    def random_slice(n, step):
+        start = rng.randint(0, n+1, dtype=np.intp)
+        stop = rng.randint(start, n+1, dtype=np.intp)
+        if rng.randint(0, 2, dtype=np.intp) == 0:
+            stop, start = start, stop
+            step *= -1
+        return slice(start, stop, step)
+
+    cases = 0
+    min_count = 5000
+
+    while cases < min_count:
+        steps = tuple(rng.randint(1, 11, dtype=np.intp)
+                      if rng.randint(0, 5, dtype=np.intp) == 0 else 1
+                      for j in range(x.ndim))
+        t1 = np.arange(x.ndim)
+        rng.shuffle(t1)
+        s1 = tuple(random_slice(p, s) for p, s in zip(x.shape, steps))
+        a = x[s1].transpose(t1)
+
+        assert_(not internal_overlap(a))
+        cases += 1
+
+
+def check_internal_overlap(a, manual_expected=None):
+    got = internal_overlap(a)
+
+    # Brute-force check
+    m = set()
+    ranges = tuple(range(n) for n in a.shape)
+    for v in itertools.product(*ranges):
+        offset = sum(s*w for s, w in zip(a.strides, v))
+        if offset in m:
+            expected = True
+            break
+        else:
+            m.add(offset)
+    else:
+        expected = False
+
+    # Compare
+    if got != expected:
+        assert_equal(got, expected, err_msg=repr((a.strides, a.shape)))
+    if manual_expected is not None and expected != manual_expected:
+        assert_equal(expected, manual_expected)
+    return got
+
+
+def test_internal_overlap_manual():
+    # Stride tricks can construct arrays with internal overlap
+
+    # We don't care about memory bounds, the array is not
+    # read/write accessed
+    x = np.arange(1).astype(np.int8)
+
+    # Check low-dimensional special cases
+
+    check_internal_overlap(x, False) # 1-dim
+    check_internal_overlap(x.reshape([]), False) # 0-dim
+
+    a = as_strided(x, strides=(3, 4), shape=(4, 4))
+    check_internal_overlap(a, False)
+
+    a = as_strided(x, strides=(3, 4), shape=(5, 4))
+    check_internal_overlap(a, True)
+
+    a = as_strided(x, strides=(0,), shape=(0,))
+    check_internal_overlap(a, False)
+
+    a = as_strided(x, strides=(0,), shape=(1,))
+    check_internal_overlap(a, False)
+
+    a = as_strided(x, strides=(0,), shape=(2,))
+    check_internal_overlap(a, True)
+
+    a = as_strided(x, strides=(0, -9993), shape=(87, 22))
+    check_internal_overlap(a, True)
+
+    a = as_strided(x, strides=(0, -9993), shape=(1, 22))
+    check_internal_overlap(a, False)
+
+    a = as_strided(x, strides=(0, -9993), shape=(0, 22))
+    check_internal_overlap(a, False)
+
+
+def test_internal_overlap_fuzz():
+    # Fuzz check; the brute-force check is fairly slow
+
+    x = np.arange(1).astype(np.int8)
+
+    overlap = 0
+    no_overlap = 0
+    min_count = 100
+
+    rng = np.random.RandomState(1234)
+
+    while min(overlap, no_overlap) < min_count:
+        ndim = rng.randint(1, 4, dtype=np.intp)
+
+        strides = tuple(rng.randint(-1000, 1000, dtype=np.intp)
+                        for j in range(ndim))
+        shape = tuple(rng.randint(1, 30, dtype=np.intp)
+                      for j in range(ndim))
+
+        a = as_strided(x, strides=strides, shape=shape)
+        result = check_internal_overlap(a)
+
+        if result:
+            overlap += 1
+        else:
+            no_overlap += 1
+
+
+def test_non_ndarray_inputs():
+    # Regression check for gh-5604
+
+    class MyArray:
+        def __init__(self, data):
+            self.data = data
+
+        @property
+        def __array_interface__(self):
+            return self.data.__array_interface__
+
+    class MyArray2:
+        def __init__(self, data):
+            self.data = data
+
+        def __array__(self):
+            return self.data
+
+    for cls in [MyArray, MyArray2]:
+        x = np.arange(5)
+
+        assert_(np.may_share_memory(cls(x[::2]), x[1::2]))
+        assert_(not np.shares_memory(cls(x[::2]), x[1::2]))
+
+        assert_(np.shares_memory(cls(x[1::3]), x[::2]))
+        assert_(np.may_share_memory(cls(x[1::3]), x[::2]))
+
+
+def view_element_first_byte(x):
+    """Construct an array viewing the first byte of each element of `x`"""
+    from numpy.lib.stride_tricks import DummyArray
+    interface = dict(x.__array_interface__)
+    interface['typestr'] = '|b1'
+    interface['descr'] = [('', '|b1')]
+    return np.asarray(DummyArray(interface, x))
+
+
+def assert_copy_equivalent(operation, args, out, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Check that operation(*args, out=out) produces results
+    equivalent to out[...] = operation(*args, out=out.copy())
+    """
+
+    kwargs['out'] = out
+    kwargs2 = dict(kwargs)
+    kwargs2['out'] = out.copy()
+
+    out_orig = out.copy()
+    out[...] = operation(*args, **kwargs2)
+    expected = out.copy()
+    out[...] = out_orig
+
+    got = operation(*args, **kwargs).copy()
+
+    if (got != expected).any():
+        assert_equal(got, expected)
+
+
+class TestUFunc:
+    """
+    Test ufunc call memory overlap handling
+    """
+
+    def check_unary_fuzz(self, operation, get_out_axis_size, dtype=np.int16,
+                             count=5000):
+        shapes = [7, 13, 8, 21, 29, 32]
+
+        rng = np.random.RandomState(1234)
+
+        for ndim in range(1, 6):
+            x = rng.randint(0, 2**16, size=shapes[:ndim]).astype(dtype)
+
+            it = iter_random_view_pairs(x, same_steps=False, equal_size=True)
+
+            min_count = count // (ndim + 1)**2
+
+            overlapping = 0
+            while overlapping < min_count:
+                a, b = next(it)
+
+                a_orig = a.copy()
+                b_orig = b.copy()
+
+                if get_out_axis_size is None:
+                    assert_copy_equivalent(operation, [a], out=b)
+
+                    if np.shares_memory(a, b):
+                        overlapping += 1
+                else:
+                    for axis in itertools.chain(range(ndim), [None]):
+                        a[...] = a_orig
+                        b[...] = b_orig
+
+                        # Determine size for reduction axis (None if scalar)
+                        outsize, scalarize = get_out_axis_size(a, b, axis)
+                        if outsize == 'skip':
+                            continue
+
+                        # Slice b to get an output array of the correct size
+                        sl = [slice(None)] * ndim
+                        if axis is None:
+                            if outsize is None:
+                                sl = [slice(0, 1)] + [0]*(ndim - 1)
+                            else:
+                                sl = [slice(0, outsize)] + [0]*(ndim - 1)
+                        else:
+                            if outsize is None:
+                                k = b.shape[axis]//2
+                                if ndim == 1:
+                                    sl[axis] = slice(k, k + 1)
+                                else:
+                                    sl[axis] = k
+                            else:
+                                assert b.shape[axis] >= outsize
+                                sl[axis] = slice(0, outsize)
+                        b_out = b[tuple(sl)]
+
+                        if scalarize:
+                            b_out = b_out.reshape([])
+
+                        if np.shares_memory(a, b_out):
+                            overlapping += 1
+
+                        # Check result
+                        assert_copy_equivalent(operation, [a], out=b_out, axis=axis)
+
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    def test_unary_ufunc_call_fuzz(self):
+        self.check_unary_fuzz(np.invert, None, np.int16)
+
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    def test_unary_ufunc_call_complex_fuzz(self):
+        # Complex typically has a smaller alignment than itemsize
+        self.check_unary_fuzz(np.negative, None, np.complex128, count=500)
+
+    def test_binary_ufunc_accumulate_fuzz(self):
+        def get_out_axis_size(a, b, axis):
+            if axis is None:
+                if a.ndim == 1:
+                    return a.size, False
+                else:
+                    return 'skip', False  # accumulate doesn't support this
+            else:
+                return a.shape[axis], False
+
+        self.check_unary_fuzz(np.add.accumulate, get_out_axis_size,
+                              dtype=np.int16, count=500)
+
+    def test_binary_ufunc_reduce_fuzz(self):
+        def get_out_axis_size(a, b, axis):
+            return None, (axis is None or a.ndim == 1)
+
+        self.check_unary_fuzz(np.add.reduce, get_out_axis_size,
+                              dtype=np.int16, count=500)
+
+    def test_binary_ufunc_reduceat_fuzz(self):
+        def get_out_axis_size(a, b, axis):
+            if axis is None:
+                if a.ndim == 1:
+                    return a.size, False
+                else:
+                    return 'skip', False  # reduceat doesn't support this
+            else:
+                return a.shape[axis], False
+
+        def do_reduceat(a, out, axis):
+            if axis is None:
+                size = len(a)
+                step = size//len(out)
+            else:
+                size = a.shape[axis]
+                step = a.shape[axis] // out.shape[axis]
+            idx = np.arange(0, size, step)
+            return np.add.reduceat(a, idx, out=out, axis=axis)
+
+        self.check_unary_fuzz(do_reduceat, get_out_axis_size,
+                              dtype=np.int16, count=500)
+
+    def test_binary_ufunc_reduceat_manual(self):
+        def check(ufunc, a, ind, out):
+            c1 = ufunc.reduceat(a.copy(), ind.copy(), out=out.copy())
+            c2 = ufunc.reduceat(a, ind, out=out)
+            assert_array_equal(c1, c2)
+
+        # Exactly same input/output arrays
+        a = np.arange(10000, dtype=np.int16)
+        check(np.add, a, a[::-1].copy(), a)
+
+        # Overlap with index
+        a = np.arange(10000, dtype=np.int16)
+        check(np.add, a, a[::-1], a)
+
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    def test_unary_gufunc_fuzz(self):
+        shapes = [7, 13, 8, 21, 29, 32]
+        gufunc = _umath_tests.euclidean_pdist
+
+        rng = np.random.RandomState(1234)
+
+        for ndim in range(2, 6):
+            x = rng.rand(*shapes[:ndim])
+
+            it = iter_random_view_pairs(x, same_steps=False, equal_size=True)
+
+            min_count = 500 // (ndim + 1)**2
+
+            overlapping = 0
+            while overlapping < min_count:
+                a, b = next(it)
+
+                if min(a.shape[-2:]) < 2 or min(b.shape[-2:]) < 2 or a.shape[-1] < 2:
+                    continue
+
+                # Ensure the shapes are so that euclidean_pdist is happy
+                if b.shape[-1] > b.shape[-2]:
+                    b = b[...,0,:]
+                else:
+                    b = b[...,:,0]
+
+                n = a.shape[-2]
+                p = n * (n - 1) // 2
+                if p <= b.shape[-1] and p > 0:
+                    b = b[...,:p]
+                else:
+                    n = max(2, int(np.sqrt(b.shape[-1]))//2)
+                    p = n * (n - 1) // 2
+                    a = a[...,:n,:]
+                    b = b[...,:p]
+
+                # Call
+                if np.shares_memory(a, b):
+                    overlapping += 1
+
+                with np.errstate(over='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+                    assert_copy_equivalent(gufunc, [a], out=b)
+
+    def test_ufunc_at_manual(self):
+        def check(ufunc, a, ind, b=None):
+            a0 = a.copy()
+            if b is None:
+                ufunc.at(a0, ind.copy())
+                c1 = a0.copy()
+                ufunc.at(a, ind)
+                c2 = a.copy()
+            else:
+                ufunc.at(a0, ind.copy(), b.copy())
+                c1 = a0.copy()
+                ufunc.at(a, ind, b)
+                c2 = a.copy()
+            assert_array_equal(c1, c2)
+
+        # Overlap with index
+        a = np.arange(10000, dtype=np.int16)
+        check(np.invert, a[::-1], a)
+
+        # Overlap with second data array
+        a = np.arange(100, dtype=np.int16)
+        ind = np.arange(0, 100, 2, dtype=np.int16)
+        check(np.add, a, ind, a[25:75])
+
+    def test_unary_ufunc_1d_manual(self):
+        # Exercise ufunc fast-paths (that avoid creation of an `np.nditer`)
+
+        def check(a, b):
+            a_orig = a.copy()
+            b_orig = b.copy()
+
+            b0 = b.copy()
+            c1 = ufunc(a, out=b0)
+            c2 = ufunc(a, out=b)
+            assert_array_equal(c1, c2)
+
+            # Trigger "fancy ufunc loop" code path
+            mask = view_element_first_byte(b).view(np.bool_)
+
+            a[...] = a_orig
+            b[...] = b_orig
+            c1 = ufunc(a, out=b.copy(), where=mask.copy()).copy()
+
+            a[...] = a_orig
+            b[...] = b_orig
+            c2 = ufunc(a, out=b, where=mask.copy()).copy()
+
+            # Also, mask overlapping with output
+            a[...] = a_orig
+            b[...] = b_orig
+            c3 = ufunc(a, out=b, where=mask).copy()
+
+            assert_array_equal(c1, c2)
+            assert_array_equal(c1, c3)
+
+        dtypes = [np.int8, np.int16, np.int32, np.int64, np.float32,
+                  np.float64, np.complex64, np.complex128]
+        dtypes = [np.dtype(x) for x in dtypes]
+
+        for dtype in dtypes:
+            if np.issubdtype(dtype, np.integer):
+                ufunc = np.invert
+            else:
+                ufunc = np.reciprocal
+
+            n = 1000
+            k = 10
+            indices = [
+                np.index_exp[:n],
+                np.index_exp[k:k+n],
+                np.index_exp[n-1::-1],
+                np.index_exp[k+n-1:k-1:-1],
+                np.index_exp[:2*n:2],
+                np.index_exp[k:k+2*n:2],
+                np.index_exp[2*n-1::-2],
+                np.index_exp[k+2*n-1:k-1:-2],
+            ]
+
+            for xi, yi in itertools.product(indices, indices):
+                v = np.arange(1, 1 + n*2 + k, dtype=dtype)
+                x = v[xi]
+                y = v[yi]
+
+                with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+                    check(x, y)
+
+                    # Scalar cases
+                    check(x[:1], y)
+                    check(x[-1:], y)
+                    check(x[:1].reshape([]), y)
+                    check(x[-1:].reshape([]), y)
+
+    def test_unary_ufunc_where_same(self):
+        # Check behavior at wheremask overlap
+        ufunc = np.invert
+
+        def check(a, out, mask):
+            c1 = ufunc(a, out=out.copy(), where=mask.copy())
+            c2 = ufunc(a, out=out, where=mask)
+            assert_array_equal(c1, c2)
+
+        # Check behavior with same input and output arrays
+        x = np.arange(100).astype(np.bool_)
+        check(x, x, x)
+        check(x, x.copy(), x)
+        check(x, x, x.copy())
+
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    def test_binary_ufunc_1d_manual(self):
+        ufunc = np.add
+
+        def check(a, b, c):
+            c0 = c.copy()
+            c1 = ufunc(a, b, out=c0)
+            c2 = ufunc(a, b, out=c)
+            assert_array_equal(c1, c2)
+
+        for dtype in [np.int8, np.int16, np.int32, np.int64,
+                      np.float32, np.float64, np.complex64, np.complex128]:
+            # Check different data dependency orders
+
+            n = 1000
+            k = 10
+
+            indices = []
+            for p in [1, 2]:
+                indices.extend([
+                    np.index_exp[:p*n:p],
+                    np.index_exp[k:k+p*n:p],
+                    np.index_exp[p*n-1::-p],
+                    np.index_exp[k+p*n-1:k-1:-p],
+                ])
+
+            for x, y, z in itertools.product(indices, indices, indices):
+                v = np.arange(6*n).astype(dtype)
+                x = v[x]
+                y = v[y]
+                z = v[z]
+
+                check(x, y, z)
+
+                # Scalar cases
+                check(x[:1], y, z)
+                check(x[-1:], y, z)
+                check(x[:1].reshape([]), y, z)
+                check(x[-1:].reshape([]), y, z)
+                check(x, y[:1], z)
+                check(x, y[-1:], z)
+                check(x, y[:1].reshape([]), z)
+                check(x, y[-1:].reshape([]), z)
+
+    def test_inplace_op_simple_manual(self):
+        rng = np.random.RandomState(1234)
+        x = rng.rand(200, 200)  # bigger than bufsize
+
+        x += x.T
+        assert_array_equal(x - x.T, 0)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_mem_policy.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_mem_policy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a381fa1d8905bf922d607643514cb30a4c645e0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_mem_policy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+import asyncio
+import gc
+import os
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
+import threading
+import warnings
+from numpy.testing import extbuild, assert_warns, IS_WASM
+import sys
+
+
+# FIXME: numpy.testing.extbuild uses `numpy.distutils`, so this won't work on
+# Python 3.12 and up. It's an internal test utility, so for now we just skip
+# these tests.
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def get_module(tmp_path):
+    """ Add a memory policy that returns a false pointer 64 bytes into the
+    actual allocation, and fill the prefix with some text. Then check at each
+    memory manipulation that the prefix exists, to make sure all alloc/realloc/
+    free/calloc go via the functions here.
+    """
+    if sys.platform.startswith('cygwin'):
+        pytest.skip('link fails on cygwin')
+    if IS_WASM:
+        pytest.skip("Can't build module inside Wasm")
+    functions = [
+        ("get_default_policy", "METH_NOARGS", """
+             Py_INCREF(PyDataMem_DefaultHandler);
+             return PyDataMem_DefaultHandler;
+         """),
+        ("set_secret_data_policy", "METH_NOARGS", """
+             PyObject *secret_data =
+                 PyCapsule_New(&secret_data_handler, "mem_handler", NULL);
+             if (secret_data == NULL) {
+                 return NULL;
+             }
+             PyObject *old = PyDataMem_SetHandler(secret_data);
+             Py_DECREF(secret_data);
+             return old;
+         """),
+        ("set_old_policy", "METH_O", """
+             PyObject *old;
+             if (args != NULL && PyCapsule_CheckExact(args)) {
+                 old = PyDataMem_SetHandler(args);
+             }
+             else {
+                 old = PyDataMem_SetHandler(NULL);
+             }
+             return old;
+         """),
+        ("get_array", "METH_NOARGS", """
+            char *buf = (char *)malloc(20);
+            npy_intp dims[1];
+            dims[0] = 20;
+            PyArray_Descr *descr =  PyArray_DescrNewFromType(NPY_UINT8);
+            return PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type, descr, 1, dims, NULL,
+                                        buf, NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE, NULL);
+         """),
+        ("set_own", "METH_O", """
+            if (!PyArray_Check(args)) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                             "need an ndarray");
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            PyArray_ENABLEFLAGS((PyArrayObject*)args, NPY_ARRAY_OWNDATA);
+            // Maybe try this too?
+            // PyArray_BASE(PyArrayObject *)args) = NULL;
+            Py_RETURN_NONE;
+         """),
+        ("get_array_with_base", "METH_NOARGS", """
+            char *buf = (char *)malloc(20);
+            npy_intp dims[1];
+            dims[0] = 20;
+            PyArray_Descr *descr =  PyArray_DescrNewFromType(NPY_UINT8);
+            PyObject *arr = PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type, descr, 1, dims,
+                                                 NULL, buf,
+                                                 NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE, NULL);
+            if (arr == NULL) return NULL;
+            PyObject *obj = PyCapsule_New(buf, "buf capsule",
+                                          (PyCapsule_Destructor)&warn_on_free);
+            if (obj == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(arr);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            if (PyArray_SetBaseObject((PyArrayObject *)arr, obj) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(arr);
+                Py_DECREF(obj);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            return arr;
+
+         """),
+    ]
+    prologue = '''
+        #define NPY_TARGET_VERSION NPY_1_22_API_VERSION
+        #define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION
+        #include 
+        /*
+         * This struct allows the dynamic configuration of the allocator funcs
+         * of the `secret_data_allocator`. It is provided here for
+         * demonstration purposes, as a valid `ctx` use-case scenario.
+         */
+        typedef struct {
+            void *(*malloc)(size_t);
+            void *(*calloc)(size_t, size_t);
+            void *(*realloc)(void *, size_t);
+            void (*free)(void *);
+        } SecretDataAllocatorFuncs;
+
+        NPY_NO_EXPORT void *
+        shift_alloc(void *ctx, size_t sz) {
+            SecretDataAllocatorFuncs *funcs = (SecretDataAllocatorFuncs *)ctx;
+            char *real = (char *)funcs->malloc(sz + 64);
+            if (real == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            snprintf(real, 64, "originally allocated %ld", (unsigned long)sz);
+            return (void *)(real + 64);
+        }
+        NPY_NO_EXPORT void *
+        shift_zero(void *ctx, size_t sz, size_t cnt) {
+            SecretDataAllocatorFuncs *funcs = (SecretDataAllocatorFuncs *)ctx;
+            char *real = (char *)funcs->calloc(sz + 64, cnt);
+            if (real == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            snprintf(real, 64, "originally allocated %ld via zero",
+                     (unsigned long)sz);
+            return (void *)(real + 64);
+        }
+        NPY_NO_EXPORT void
+        shift_free(void *ctx, void * p, npy_uintp sz) {
+            SecretDataAllocatorFuncs *funcs = (SecretDataAllocatorFuncs *)ctx;
+            if (p == NULL) {
+                return ;
+            }
+            char *real = (char *)p - 64;
+            if (strncmp(real, "originally allocated", 20) != 0) {
+                fprintf(stdout, "uh-oh, unmatched shift_free, "
+                        "no appropriate prefix\\n");
+                /* Make C runtime crash by calling free on the wrong address */
+                funcs->free((char *)p + 10);
+                /* funcs->free(real); */
+            }
+            else {
+                npy_uintp i = (npy_uintp)atoi(real +20);
+                if (i != sz) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "uh-oh, unmatched shift_free"
+                            "(ptr, %ld) but allocated %ld\\n", sz, i);
+                    /* This happens in some places, only print */
+                    funcs->free(real);
+                }
+                else {
+                    funcs->free(real);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        NPY_NO_EXPORT void *
+        shift_realloc(void *ctx, void * p, npy_uintp sz) {
+            SecretDataAllocatorFuncs *funcs = (SecretDataAllocatorFuncs *)ctx;
+            if (p != NULL) {
+                char *real = (char *)p - 64;
+                if (strncmp(real, "originally allocated", 20) != 0) {
+                    fprintf(stdout, "uh-oh, unmatched shift_realloc\\n");
+                    return realloc(p, sz);
+                }
+                return (void *)((char *)funcs->realloc(real, sz + 64) + 64);
+            }
+            else {
+                char *real = (char *)funcs->realloc(p, sz + 64);
+                if (real == NULL) {
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                snprintf(real, 64, "originally allocated "
+                         "%ld  via realloc", (unsigned long)sz);
+                return (void *)(real + 64);
+            }
+        }
+        /* As an example, we use the standard {m|c|re}alloc/free funcs. */
+        static SecretDataAllocatorFuncs secret_data_handler_ctx = {
+            malloc,
+            calloc,
+            realloc,
+            free
+        };
+        static PyDataMem_Handler secret_data_handler = {
+            "secret_data_allocator",
+            1,
+            {
+                &secret_data_handler_ctx, /* ctx */
+                shift_alloc,              /* malloc */
+                shift_zero,               /* calloc */
+                shift_realloc,            /* realloc */
+                shift_free                /* free */
+            }
+        };
+        void warn_on_free(void *capsule) {
+            PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_UserWarning, "in warn_on_free", 1);
+            void * obj = PyCapsule_GetPointer(capsule,
+                                              PyCapsule_GetName(capsule));
+            free(obj);
+        };
+        '''
+    more_init = "import_array();"
+    try:
+        import mem_policy
+        return mem_policy
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    # if it does not exist, build and load it
+    return extbuild.build_and_import_extension('mem_policy',
+                                               functions,
+                                               prologue=prologue,
+                                               include_dirs=[np.get_include()],
+                                               build_dir=tmp_path,
+                                               more_init=more_init)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info >= (3, 12), reason="no numpy.distutils")
+def test_set_policy(get_module):
+
+    get_handler_name = np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name
+    get_handler_version = np.core.multiarray.get_handler_version
+    orig_policy_name = get_handler_name()
+
+    a = np.arange(10).reshape((2, 5))  # a doesn't own its own data
+    assert get_handler_name(a) is None
+    assert get_handler_version(a) is None
+    assert get_handler_name(a.base) == orig_policy_name
+    assert get_handler_version(a.base) == 1
+
+    orig_policy = get_module.set_secret_data_policy()
+
+    b = np.arange(10).reshape((2, 5))  # b doesn't own its own data
+    assert get_handler_name(b) is None
+    assert get_handler_version(b) is None
+    assert get_handler_name(b.base) == 'secret_data_allocator'
+    assert get_handler_version(b.base) == 1
+
+    if orig_policy_name == 'default_allocator':
+        get_module.set_old_policy(None)  # tests PyDataMem_SetHandler(NULL)
+        assert get_handler_name() == 'default_allocator'
+    else:
+        get_module.set_old_policy(orig_policy)
+        assert get_handler_name() == orig_policy_name
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info >= (3, 12), reason="no numpy.distutils")
+def test_default_policy_singleton(get_module):
+    get_handler_name = np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name
+
+    # set the policy to default
+    orig_policy = get_module.set_old_policy(None)
+
+    assert get_handler_name() == 'default_allocator'
+
+    # re-set the policy to default
+    def_policy_1 = get_module.set_old_policy(None)
+
+    assert get_handler_name() == 'default_allocator'
+
+    # set the policy to original
+    def_policy_2 = get_module.set_old_policy(orig_policy)
+
+    # since default policy is a singleton,
+    # these should be the same object
+    assert def_policy_1 is def_policy_2 is get_module.get_default_policy()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info >= (3, 12), reason="no numpy.distutils")
+def test_policy_propagation(get_module):
+    # The memory policy goes hand-in-hand with flags.owndata
+
+    class MyArr(np.ndarray):
+        pass
+
+    get_handler_name = np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name
+    orig_policy_name = get_handler_name()
+    a = np.arange(10).view(MyArr).reshape((2, 5))
+    assert get_handler_name(a) is None
+    assert a.flags.owndata is False
+
+    assert get_handler_name(a.base) is None
+    assert a.base.flags.owndata is False
+
+    assert get_handler_name(a.base.base) == orig_policy_name
+    assert a.base.base.flags.owndata is True
+
+
+async def concurrent_context1(get_module, orig_policy_name, event):
+    if orig_policy_name == 'default_allocator':
+        get_module.set_secret_data_policy()
+        assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name() == 'secret_data_allocator'
+    else:
+        get_module.set_old_policy(None)
+        assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name() == 'default_allocator'
+    event.set()
+
+
+async def concurrent_context2(get_module, orig_policy_name, event):
+    await event.wait()
+    # the policy is not affected by changes in parallel contexts
+    assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name() == orig_policy_name
+    # change policy in the child context
+    if orig_policy_name == 'default_allocator':
+        get_module.set_secret_data_policy()
+        assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name() == 'secret_data_allocator'
+    else:
+        get_module.set_old_policy(None)
+        assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name() == 'default_allocator'
+
+
+async def async_test_context_locality(get_module):
+    orig_policy_name = np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name()
+
+    event = asyncio.Event()
+    # the child contexts inherit the parent policy
+    concurrent_task1 = asyncio.create_task(
+        concurrent_context1(get_module, orig_policy_name, event))
+    concurrent_task2 = asyncio.create_task(
+        concurrent_context2(get_module, orig_policy_name, event))
+    await concurrent_task1
+    await concurrent_task2
+
+    # the parent context is not affected by child policy changes
+    assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name() == orig_policy_name
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info >= (3, 12), reason="no numpy.distutils")
+def test_context_locality(get_module):
+    if (sys.implementation.name == 'pypy'
+            and sys.pypy_version_info[:3] < (7, 3, 6)):
+        pytest.skip('no context-locality support in PyPy < 7.3.6')
+    asyncio.run(async_test_context_locality(get_module))
+
+
+def concurrent_thread1(get_module, event):
+    get_module.set_secret_data_policy()
+    assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name() == 'secret_data_allocator'
+    event.set()
+
+
+def concurrent_thread2(get_module, event):
+    event.wait()
+    # the policy is not affected by changes in parallel threads
+    assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name() == 'default_allocator'
+    # change policy in the child thread
+    get_module.set_secret_data_policy()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info >= (3, 12), reason="no numpy.distutils")
+def test_thread_locality(get_module):
+    orig_policy_name = np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name()
+
+    event = threading.Event()
+    # the child threads do not inherit the parent policy
+    concurrent_task1 = threading.Thread(target=concurrent_thread1,
+                                        args=(get_module, event))
+    concurrent_task2 = threading.Thread(target=concurrent_thread2,
+                                        args=(get_module, event))
+    concurrent_task1.start()
+    concurrent_task2.start()
+    concurrent_task1.join()
+    concurrent_task2.join()
+
+    # the parent thread is not affected by child policy changes
+    assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name() == orig_policy_name
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info >= (3, 12), reason="no numpy.distutils")
+@pytest.mark.skip(reason="too slow, see gh-23975")
+def test_new_policy(get_module):
+    a = np.arange(10)
+    orig_policy_name = np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name(a)
+
+    orig_policy = get_module.set_secret_data_policy()
+
+    b = np.arange(10)
+    assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name(b) == 'secret_data_allocator'
+
+    # test array manipulation. This is slow
+    if orig_policy_name == 'default_allocator':
+        # when the np.core.test tests recurse into this test, the
+        # policy will be set so this "if" will be false, preventing
+        # infinite recursion
+        #
+        # if needed, debug this by
+        # - running tests with -- -s (to not capture stdout/stderr
+        # - setting verbose=2
+        # - setting extra_argv=['-vv'] here
+        assert np.core.test('full', verbose=1, extra_argv=[])
+        # also try the ma tests, the pickling test is quite tricky
+        assert np.ma.test('full', verbose=1, extra_argv=[])
+
+    get_module.set_old_policy(orig_policy)
+
+    c = np.arange(10)
+    assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name(c) == orig_policy_name
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info >= (3, 12), reason="no numpy.distutils")
+@pytest.mark.xfail(sys.implementation.name == "pypy",
+                   reason=("bad interaction between getenv and "
+                           "os.environ inside pytest"))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("policy", ["0", "1", None])
+def test_switch_owner(get_module, policy):
+    a = get_module.get_array()
+    assert np.core.multiarray.get_handler_name(a) is None
+    get_module.set_own(a)
+
+    if policy is None:
+        # See what we expect to be set based on the env variable
+        policy = os.getenv("NUMPY_WARN_IF_NO_MEM_POLICY", "0") == "1"
+        oldval = None
+    else:
+        policy = policy == "1"
+        oldval = np.core._multiarray_umath._set_numpy_warn_if_no_mem_policy(
+            policy)
+    try:
+        # The policy should be NULL, so we have to assume we can call
+        # "free".  A warning is given if the policy == "1"
+        if policy:
+            with assert_warns(RuntimeWarning) as w:
+                del a
+                gc.collect()
+        else:
+            del a
+            gc.collect()
+
+    finally:
+        if oldval is not None:
+            np.core._multiarray_umath._set_numpy_warn_if_no_mem_policy(oldval)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info >= (3, 12), reason="no numpy.distutils")
+def test_owner_is_base(get_module):
+    a = get_module.get_array_with_base()
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match='warn_on_free'):
+        del a
+        gc.collect()
+        gc.collect()
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_memmap.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_memmap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad074b312d5a0f5d551324b4be8327bacff7a849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_memmap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+import sys
+import os
+import mmap
+import pytest
+from pathlib import Path
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile, TemporaryFile
+
+from numpy import (
+    memmap, sum, average, prod, ndarray, isscalar, add, subtract, multiply)
+
+from numpy import arange, allclose, asarray
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_array_equal, suppress_warnings, IS_PYPY,
+    break_cycles
+    )
+
+class TestMemmap:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.tmpfp = NamedTemporaryFile(prefix='mmap')
+        self.shape = (3, 4)
+        self.dtype = 'float32'
+        self.data = arange(12, dtype=self.dtype)
+        self.data.resize(self.shape)
+
+    def teardown_method(self):
+        self.tmpfp.close()
+        self.data = None
+        if IS_PYPY:
+            break_cycles()
+            break_cycles()
+
+    def test_roundtrip(self):
+        # Write data to file
+        fp = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, mode='w+',
+                    shape=self.shape)
+        fp[:] = self.data[:]
+        del fp  # Test __del__ machinery, which handles cleanup
+
+        # Read data back from file
+        newfp = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, mode='r',
+                       shape=self.shape)
+        assert_(allclose(self.data, newfp))
+        assert_array_equal(self.data, newfp)
+        assert_equal(newfp.flags.writeable, False)
+
+    def test_open_with_filename(self, tmp_path):
+        tmpname = tmp_path / 'mmap'
+        fp = memmap(tmpname, dtype=self.dtype, mode='w+',
+                       shape=self.shape)
+        fp[:] = self.data[:]
+        del fp
+
+    def test_unnamed_file(self):
+        with TemporaryFile() as f:
+            fp = memmap(f, dtype=self.dtype, shape=self.shape)
+            del fp
+
+    def test_attributes(self):
+        offset = 1
+        mode = "w+"
+        fp = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, mode=mode,
+                    shape=self.shape, offset=offset)
+        assert_equal(offset, fp.offset)
+        assert_equal(mode, fp.mode)
+        del fp
+
+    def test_filename(self, tmp_path):
+        tmpname = tmp_path / "mmap"
+        fp = memmap(tmpname, dtype=self.dtype, mode='w+',
+                       shape=self.shape)
+        abspath = Path(os.path.abspath(tmpname))
+        fp[:] = self.data[:]
+        assert_equal(abspath, fp.filename)
+        b = fp[:1]
+        assert_equal(abspath, b.filename)
+        del b
+        del fp
+
+    def test_path(self, tmp_path):
+        tmpname = tmp_path / "mmap"
+        fp = memmap(Path(tmpname), dtype=self.dtype, mode='w+',
+                       shape=self.shape)
+        # os.path.realpath does not resolve symlinks on Windows
+        # see: https://bugs.python.org/issue9949
+        # use Path.resolve, just as memmap class does internally
+        abspath = str(Path(tmpname).resolve())
+        fp[:] = self.data[:]
+        assert_equal(abspath, str(fp.filename.resolve()))
+        b = fp[:1]
+        assert_equal(abspath, str(b.filename.resolve()))
+        del b
+        del fp
+
+    def test_filename_fileobj(self):
+        fp = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, mode="w+",
+                    shape=self.shape)
+        assert_equal(fp.filename, self.tmpfp.name)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == 'gnu0',
+                        reason="Known to fail on hurd")
+    def test_flush(self):
+        fp = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, mode='w+',
+                    shape=self.shape)
+        fp[:] = self.data[:]
+        assert_equal(fp[0], self.data[0])
+        fp.flush()
+
+    def test_del(self):
+        # Make sure a view does not delete the underlying mmap
+        fp_base = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, mode='w+',
+                    shape=self.shape)
+        fp_base[0] = 5
+        fp_view = fp_base[0:1]
+        assert_equal(fp_view[0], 5)
+        del fp_view
+        # Should still be able to access and assign values after
+        # deleting the view
+        assert_equal(fp_base[0], 5)
+        fp_base[0] = 6
+        assert_equal(fp_base[0], 6)
+
+    def test_arithmetic_drops_references(self):
+        fp = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, mode='w+',
+                    shape=self.shape)
+        tmp = (fp + 10)
+        if isinstance(tmp, memmap):
+            assert_(tmp._mmap is not fp._mmap)
+
+    def test_indexing_drops_references(self):
+        fp = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, mode='w+',
+                    shape=self.shape)
+        tmp = fp[(1, 2), (2, 3)]
+        if isinstance(tmp, memmap):
+            assert_(tmp._mmap is not fp._mmap)
+
+    def test_slicing_keeps_references(self):
+        fp = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, mode='w+',
+                    shape=self.shape)
+        assert_(fp[:2, :2]._mmap is fp._mmap)
+
+    def test_view(self):
+        fp = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, shape=self.shape)
+        new1 = fp.view()
+        new2 = new1.view()
+        assert_(new1.base is fp)
+        assert_(new2.base is fp)
+        new_array = asarray(fp)
+        assert_(new_array.base is fp)
+
+    def test_ufunc_return_ndarray(self):
+        fp = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, shape=self.shape)
+        fp[:] = self.data
+
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(FutureWarning, "np.average currently does not preserve")
+            for unary_op in [sum, average, prod]:
+                result = unary_op(fp)
+                assert_(isscalar(result))
+                assert_(result.__class__ is self.data[0, 0].__class__)
+
+                assert_(unary_op(fp, axis=0).__class__ is ndarray)
+                assert_(unary_op(fp, axis=1).__class__ is ndarray)
+
+        for binary_op in [add, subtract, multiply]:
+            assert_(binary_op(fp, self.data).__class__ is ndarray)
+            assert_(binary_op(self.data, fp).__class__ is ndarray)
+            assert_(binary_op(fp, fp).__class__ is ndarray)
+
+        fp += 1
+        assert(fp.__class__ is memmap)
+        add(fp, 1, out=fp)
+        assert(fp.__class__ is memmap)
+
+    def test_getitem(self):
+        fp = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, shape=self.shape)
+        fp[:] = self.data
+
+        assert_(fp[1:, :-1].__class__ is memmap)
+        # Fancy indexing returns a copy that is not memmapped
+        assert_(fp[[0, 1]].__class__ is ndarray)
+
+    def test_memmap_subclass(self):
+        class MemmapSubClass(memmap):
+            pass
+
+        fp = MemmapSubClass(self.tmpfp, dtype=self.dtype, shape=self.shape)
+        fp[:] = self.data
+
+        # We keep previous behavior for subclasses of memmap, i.e. the
+        # ufunc and __getitem__ output is never turned into a ndarray
+        assert_(sum(fp, axis=0).__class__ is MemmapSubClass)
+        assert_(sum(fp).__class__ is MemmapSubClass)
+        assert_(fp[1:, :-1].__class__ is MemmapSubClass)
+        assert(fp[[0, 1]].__class__ is MemmapSubClass)
+
+    def test_mmap_offset_greater_than_allocation_granularity(self):
+        size = 5 * mmap.ALLOCATIONGRANULARITY
+        offset = mmap.ALLOCATIONGRANULARITY + 1
+        fp = memmap(self.tmpfp, shape=size, mode='w+', offset=offset)
+        assert_(fp.offset == offset)
+
+    def test_no_shape(self):
+        self.tmpfp.write(b'a'*16)
+        mm = memmap(self.tmpfp, dtype='float64')
+        assert_equal(mm.shape, (2,))
+
+    def test_empty_array(self):
+        # gh-12653
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='empty file'):
+            memmap(self.tmpfp, shape=(0,4), mode='w+')
+
+        self.tmpfp.write(b'\0')
+
+        # ok now the file is not empty
+        memmap(self.tmpfp, shape=(0,4), mode='w+')
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_multiarray.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_multiarray.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ace40049fd83fbb7b2d14b2d59276466e4e16e27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_multiarray.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10054 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc
+import tempfile
+import sys
+import warnings
+import operator
+import io
+import itertools
+import functools
+import ctypes
+import os
+import gc
+import re
+import weakref
+import pytest
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from numpy.compat import pickle
+
+import pathlib
+import builtins
+from decimal import Decimal
+import mmap
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.core._multiarray_tests as _multiarray_tests
+from numpy.core._rational_tests import rational
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_raises, assert_warns, assert_equal, assert_almost_equal,
+    assert_array_equal, assert_raises_regex, assert_array_almost_equal,
+    assert_allclose, IS_PYPY, IS_PYSTON, HAS_REFCOUNT, assert_array_less,
+    runstring, temppath, suppress_warnings, break_cycles, _SUPPORTS_SVE,
+    )
+from numpy.testing._private.utils import requires_memory, _no_tracing
+from numpy.core.tests._locales import CommaDecimalPointLocale
+from numpy.lib.recfunctions import repack_fields
+from numpy.core.multiarray import _get_ndarray_c_version
+
+# Need to test an object that does not fully implement math interface
+from datetime import timedelta, datetime
+
+
+def assert_arg_sorted(arr, arg):
+    # resulting array should be sorted and arg values should be unique
+    assert_equal(arr[arg], np.sort(arr))
+    assert_equal(np.sort(arg), np.arange(len(arg)))
+
+
+def _aligned_zeros(shape, dtype=float, order="C", align=None):
+    """
+    Allocate a new ndarray with aligned memory.
+
+    The ndarray is guaranteed *not* aligned to twice the requested alignment.
+    Eg, if align=4, guarantees it is not aligned to 8. If align=None uses
+    dtype.alignment."""
+    dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+    if dtype == np.dtype(object):
+        # Can't do this, fall back to standard allocation (which
+        # should always be sufficiently aligned)
+        if align is not None:
+            raise ValueError("object array alignment not supported")
+        return np.zeros(shape, dtype=dtype, order=order)
+    if align is None:
+        align = dtype.alignment
+    if not hasattr(shape, '__len__'):
+        shape = (shape,)
+    size = functools.reduce(operator.mul, shape) * dtype.itemsize
+    buf = np.empty(size + 2*align + 1, np.uint8)
+
+    ptr = buf.__array_interface__['data'][0]
+    offset = ptr % align
+    if offset != 0:
+        offset = align - offset
+    if (ptr % (2*align)) == 0:
+        offset += align
+
+    # Note: slices producing 0-size arrays do not necessarily change
+    # data pointer --- so we use and allocate size+1
+    buf = buf[offset:offset+size+1][:-1]
+    buf.fill(0)
+    data = np.ndarray(shape, dtype, buf, order=order)
+    return data
+
+
+class TestFlags:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.a = np.arange(10)
+
+    def test_writeable(self):
+        mydict = locals()
+        self.a.flags.writeable = False
+        assert_raises(ValueError, runstring, 'self.a[0] = 3', mydict)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, runstring, 'self.a[0:1].itemset(3)', mydict)
+        self.a.flags.writeable = True
+        self.a[0] = 5
+        self.a[0] = 0
+
+    def test_writeable_any_base(self):
+        # Ensure that any base being writeable is sufficient to change flag;
+        # this is especially interesting for arrays from an array interface.
+        arr = np.arange(10)
+
+        class subclass(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        # Create subclass so base will not be collapsed, this is OK to change
+        view1 = arr.view(subclass)
+        view2 = view1[...]
+        arr.flags.writeable = False
+        view2.flags.writeable = False
+        view2.flags.writeable = True  # Can be set to True again.
+
+        arr = np.arange(10)
+
+        class frominterface:
+            def __init__(self, arr):
+                self.arr = arr
+                self.__array_interface__ = arr.__array_interface__
+
+        view1 = np.asarray(frominterface)
+        view2 = view1[...]
+        view2.flags.writeable = False
+        view2.flags.writeable = True
+
+        view1.flags.writeable = False
+        view2.flags.writeable = False
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            # Must assume not writeable, since only base is not:
+            view2.flags.writeable = True
+
+    def test_writeable_from_readonly(self):
+        # gh-9440 - make sure fromstring, from buffer on readonly buffers
+        # set writeable False
+        data = b'\x00' * 100
+        vals = np.frombuffer(data, 'B')
+        assert_raises(ValueError, vals.setflags, write=True)
+        types = np.dtype( [('vals', 'u1'), ('res3', 'S4')] )
+        values = np.core.records.fromstring(data, types)
+        vals = values['vals']
+        assert_raises(ValueError, vals.setflags, write=True)
+
+    def test_writeable_from_buffer(self):
+        data = bytearray(b'\x00' * 100)
+        vals = np.frombuffer(data, 'B')
+        assert_(vals.flags.writeable)
+        vals.setflags(write=False)
+        assert_(vals.flags.writeable is False)
+        vals.setflags(write=True)
+        assert_(vals.flags.writeable)
+        types = np.dtype( [('vals', 'u1'), ('res3', 'S4')] )
+        values = np.core.records.fromstring(data, types)
+        vals = values['vals']
+        assert_(vals.flags.writeable)
+        vals.setflags(write=False)
+        assert_(vals.flags.writeable is False)
+        vals.setflags(write=True)
+        assert_(vals.flags.writeable)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYPY, reason="PyPy always copies")
+    def test_writeable_pickle(self):
+        import pickle
+        # Small arrays will be copied without setting base.
+        # See condition for using PyArray_SetBaseObject in
+        # array_setstate.
+        a = np.arange(1000)
+        for v in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL):
+            vals = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(a, v))
+            assert_(vals.flags.writeable)
+            assert_(isinstance(vals.base, bytes))
+
+    def test_writeable_from_c_data(self):
+        # Test that the writeable flag can be changed for an array wrapping
+        # low level C-data, but not owning its data.
+        # Also see that this is deprecated to change from python.
+        from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import get_c_wrapping_array
+
+        arr_writeable = get_c_wrapping_array(True)
+        assert not arr_writeable.flags.owndata
+        assert arr_writeable.flags.writeable
+        view = arr_writeable[...]
+
+        # Toggling the writeable flag works on the view:
+        view.flags.writeable = False
+        assert not view.flags.writeable
+        view.flags.writeable = True
+        assert view.flags.writeable
+        # Flag can be unset on the arr_writeable:
+        arr_writeable.flags.writeable = False
+
+        arr_readonly = get_c_wrapping_array(False)
+        assert not arr_readonly.flags.owndata
+        assert not arr_readonly.flags.writeable
+
+        for arr in [arr_writeable, arr_readonly]:
+            view = arr[...]
+            view.flags.writeable = False  # make sure it is readonly
+            arr.flags.writeable = False
+            assert not arr.flags.writeable
+
+            with assert_raises(ValueError):
+                view.flags.writeable = True
+
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter("error", DeprecationWarning)
+                with assert_raises(DeprecationWarning):
+                    arr.flags.writeable = True
+
+            with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                arr.flags.writeable = True
+
+    def test_warnonwrite(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        a.flags._warn_on_write = True
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.filterwarnings('always')
+            a[1] = 10
+            a[2] = 10
+            # only warn once
+            assert_(len(w) == 1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["flag", "flag_value", "writeable"],
+            [("writeable", True, True),
+             # Delete _warn_on_write after deprecation and simplify
+             # the parameterization:
+             ("_warn_on_write", True, False),
+             ("writeable", False, False)])
+    def test_readonly_flag_protocols(self, flag, flag_value, writeable):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        setattr(a.flags, flag, flag_value)
+
+        class MyArr():
+            __array_struct__ = a.__array_struct__
+
+        assert memoryview(a).readonly is not writeable
+        assert a.__array_interface__['data'][1] is not writeable
+        assert np.asarray(MyArr()).flags.writeable is writeable
+
+    def test_otherflags(self):
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags.carray, True)
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags['C'], True)
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags.farray, False)
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags.behaved, True)
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags.fnc, False)
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags.forc, True)
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags.owndata, True)
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags.writeable, True)
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags.aligned, True)
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags.writebackifcopy, False)
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags['X'], False)
+        assert_equal(self.a.flags['WRITEBACKIFCOPY'], False)
+
+    def test_string_align(self):
+        a = np.zeros(4, dtype=np.dtype('|S4'))
+        assert_(a.flags.aligned)
+        # not power of two are accessed byte-wise and thus considered aligned
+        a = np.zeros(5, dtype=np.dtype('|S4'))
+        assert_(a.flags.aligned)
+
+    def test_void_align(self):
+        a = np.zeros(4, dtype=np.dtype([("a", "i4"), ("b", "i4")]))
+        assert_(a.flags.aligned)
+
+
+class TestHash:
+    # see #3793
+    def test_int(self):
+        for st, ut, s in [(np.int8, np.uint8, 8),
+                          (np.int16, np.uint16, 16),
+                          (np.int32, np.uint32, 32),
+                          (np.int64, np.uint64, 64)]:
+            for i in range(1, s):
+                assert_equal(hash(st(-2**i)), hash(-2**i),
+                             err_msg="%r: -2**%d" % (st, i))
+                assert_equal(hash(st(2**(i - 1))), hash(2**(i - 1)),
+                             err_msg="%r: 2**%d" % (st, i - 1))
+                assert_equal(hash(st(2**i - 1)), hash(2**i - 1),
+                             err_msg="%r: 2**%d - 1" % (st, i))
+
+                i = max(i - 1, 1)
+                assert_equal(hash(ut(2**(i - 1))), hash(2**(i - 1)),
+                             err_msg="%r: 2**%d" % (ut, i - 1))
+                assert_equal(hash(ut(2**i - 1)), hash(2**i - 1),
+                             err_msg="%r: 2**%d - 1" % (ut, i))
+
+
+class TestAttributes:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.one = np.arange(10)
+        self.two = np.arange(20).reshape(4, 5)
+        self.three = np.arange(60, dtype=np.float64).reshape(2, 5, 6)
+
+    def test_attributes(self):
+        assert_equal(self.one.shape, (10,))
+        assert_equal(self.two.shape, (4, 5))
+        assert_equal(self.three.shape, (2, 5, 6))
+        self.three.shape = (10, 3, 2)
+        assert_equal(self.three.shape, (10, 3, 2))
+        self.three.shape = (2, 5, 6)
+        assert_equal(self.one.strides, (self.one.itemsize,))
+        num = self.two.itemsize
+        assert_equal(self.two.strides, (5*num, num))
+        num = self.three.itemsize
+        assert_equal(self.three.strides, (30*num, 6*num, num))
+        assert_equal(self.one.ndim, 1)
+        assert_equal(self.two.ndim, 2)
+        assert_equal(self.three.ndim, 3)
+        num = self.two.itemsize
+        assert_equal(self.two.size, 20)
+        assert_equal(self.two.nbytes, 20*num)
+        assert_equal(self.two.itemsize, self.two.dtype.itemsize)
+        assert_equal(self.two.base, np.arange(20))
+
+    def test_dtypeattr(self):
+        assert_equal(self.one.dtype, np.dtype(np.int_))
+        assert_equal(self.three.dtype, np.dtype(np.float_))
+        assert_equal(self.one.dtype.char, 'l')
+        assert_equal(self.three.dtype.char, 'd')
+        assert_(self.three.dtype.str[0] in '<>')
+        assert_equal(self.one.dtype.str[1], 'i')
+        assert_equal(self.three.dtype.str[1], 'f')
+
+    def test_int_subclassing(self):
+        # Regression test for https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/3526
+
+        numpy_int = np.int_(0)
+
+        # int_ doesn't inherit from Python int, because it's not fixed-width
+        assert_(not isinstance(numpy_int, int))
+
+    def test_stridesattr(self):
+        x = self.one
+
+        def make_array(size, offset, strides):
+            return np.ndarray(size, buffer=x, dtype=int,
+                              offset=offset*x.itemsize,
+                              strides=strides*x.itemsize)
+
+        assert_equal(make_array(4, 4, -1), np.array([4, 3, 2, 1]))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, make_array, 4, 4, -2)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, make_array, 4, 2, -1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, make_array, 8, 3, 1)
+        assert_equal(make_array(8, 3, 0), np.array([3]*8))
+        # Check behavior reported in gh-2503:
+        assert_raises(ValueError, make_array, (2, 3), 5, np.array([-2, -3]))
+        make_array(0, 0, 10)
+
+    def test_set_stridesattr(self):
+        x = self.one
+
+        def make_array(size, offset, strides):
+            try:
+                r = np.ndarray([size], dtype=int, buffer=x,
+                               offset=offset*x.itemsize)
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise RuntimeError(e)
+            r.strides = strides = strides*x.itemsize
+            return r
+
+        assert_equal(make_array(4, 4, -1), np.array([4, 3, 2, 1]))
+        assert_equal(make_array(7, 3, 1), np.array([3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, make_array, 4, 4, -2)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, make_array, 4, 2, -1)
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, make_array, 8, 3, 1)
+        # Check that the true extent of the array is used.
+        # Test relies on as_strided base not exposing a buffer.
+        x = np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(np.arange(1), (10, 10), (0, 0))
+
+        def set_strides(arr, strides):
+            arr.strides = strides
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, set_strides, x, (10*x.itemsize, x.itemsize))
+
+        # Test for offset calculations:
+        x = np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(np.arange(10, dtype=np.int8)[-1],
+                                                    shape=(10,), strides=(-1,))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, set_strides, x[::-1], -1)
+        a = x[::-1]
+        a.strides = 1
+        a[::2].strides = 2
+
+        # test 0d
+        arr_0d = np.array(0)
+        arr_0d.strides = ()
+        assert_raises(TypeError, set_strides, arr_0d, None)
+
+    def test_fill(self):
+        for t in "?bhilqpBHILQPfdgFDGO":
+            x = np.empty((3, 2, 1), t)
+            y = np.empty((3, 2, 1), t)
+            x.fill(1)
+            y[...] = 1
+            assert_equal(x, y)
+
+    def test_fill_max_uint64(self):
+        x = np.empty((3, 2, 1), dtype=np.uint64)
+        y = np.empty((3, 2, 1), dtype=np.uint64)
+        value = 2**64 - 1
+        y[...] = value
+        x.fill(value)
+        assert_array_equal(x, y)
+
+    def test_fill_struct_array(self):
+        # Filling from a scalar
+        x = np.array([(0, 0.0), (1, 1.0)], dtype='i4,f8')
+        x.fill(x[0])
+        assert_equal(x['f1'][1], x['f1'][0])
+        # Filling from a tuple that can be converted
+        # to a scalar
+        x = np.zeros(2, dtype=[('a', 'f8'), ('b', 'i4')])
+        x.fill((3.5, -2))
+        assert_array_equal(x['a'], [3.5, 3.5])
+        assert_array_equal(x['b'], [-2, -2])
+
+    def test_fill_readonly(self):
+        # gh-22922
+        a = np.zeros(11)
+        a.setflags(write=False)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=".*read-only"):
+            a.fill(0)
+
+
+class TestArrayConstruction:
+    def test_array(self):
+        d = np.ones(6)
+        r = np.array([d, d])
+        assert_equal(r, np.ones((2, 6)))
+
+        d = np.ones(6)
+        tgt = np.ones((2, 6))
+        r = np.array([d, d])
+        assert_equal(r, tgt)
+        tgt[1] = 2
+        r = np.array([d, d + 1])
+        assert_equal(r, tgt)
+
+        d = np.ones(6)
+        r = np.array([[d, d]])
+        assert_equal(r, np.ones((1, 2, 6)))
+
+        d = np.ones(6)
+        r = np.array([[d, d], [d, d]])
+        assert_equal(r, np.ones((2, 2, 6)))
+
+        d = np.ones((6, 6))
+        r = np.array([d, d])
+        assert_equal(r, np.ones((2, 6, 6)))
+
+        d = np.ones((6, ))
+        r = np.array([[d, d + 1], d + 2], dtype=object)
+        assert_equal(len(r), 2)
+        assert_equal(r[0], [d, d + 1])
+        assert_equal(r[1], d + 2)
+
+        tgt = np.ones((2, 3), dtype=bool)
+        tgt[0, 2] = False
+        tgt[1, 0:2] = False
+        r = np.array([[True, True, False], [False, False, True]])
+        assert_equal(r, tgt)
+        r = np.array([[True, False], [True, False], [False, True]])
+        assert_equal(r, tgt.T)
+
+    def test_array_empty(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.array)
+
+    def test_0d_array_shape(self):
+        assert np.ones(np.array(3)).shape == (3,)
+
+    def test_array_copy_false(self):
+        d = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        e = np.array(d, copy=False)
+        d[1] = 3
+        assert_array_equal(e, [1, 3, 3])
+        e = np.array(d, copy=False, order='F')
+        d[1] = 4
+        assert_array_equal(e, [1, 4, 3])
+        e[2] = 7
+        assert_array_equal(d, [1, 4, 7])
+
+    def test_array_copy_true(self):
+        d = np.array([[1,2,3], [1, 2, 3]])
+        e = np.array(d, copy=True)
+        d[0, 1] = 3
+        e[0, 2] = -7
+        assert_array_equal(e, [[1, 2, -7], [1, 2, 3]])
+        assert_array_equal(d, [[1, 3, 3], [1, 2, 3]])
+        e = np.array(d, copy=True, order='F')
+        d[0, 1] = 5
+        e[0, 2] = 7
+        assert_array_equal(e, [[1, 3, 7], [1, 2, 3]])
+        assert_array_equal(d, [[1, 5, 3], [1,2,3]])
+
+    def test_array_cont(self):
+        d = np.ones(10)[::2]
+        assert_(np.ascontiguousarray(d).flags.c_contiguous)
+        assert_(np.ascontiguousarray(d).flags.f_contiguous)
+        assert_(np.asfortranarray(d).flags.c_contiguous)
+        assert_(np.asfortranarray(d).flags.f_contiguous)
+        d = np.ones((10, 10))[::2,::2]
+        assert_(np.ascontiguousarray(d).flags.c_contiguous)
+        assert_(np.asfortranarray(d).flags.f_contiguous)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("func",
+            [np.array,
+             np.asarray,
+             np.asanyarray,
+             np.ascontiguousarray,
+             np.asfortranarray])
+    def test_bad_arguments_error(self, func):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            func(3, dtype="bad dtype")
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            func()  # missing arguments
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            func(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)  # too many arguments
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("func",
+            [np.array,
+             np.asarray,
+             np.asanyarray,
+             np.ascontiguousarray,
+             np.asfortranarray])
+    def test_array_as_keyword(self, func):
+        # This should likely be made positional only, but do not change
+        # the name accidentally.
+        if func is np.array:
+            func(object=3)
+        else:
+            func(a=3)
+
+
+class TestAssignment:
+    def test_assignment_broadcasting(self):
+        a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
+
+        # Broadcasting the input to the output
+        a[...] = np.arange(3)
+        assert_equal(a, [[0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2]])
+        a[...] = np.arange(2).reshape(2, 1)
+        assert_equal(a, [[0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1]])
+
+        # For compatibility with <= 1.5, a limited version of broadcasting
+        # the output to the input.
+        #
+        # This behavior is inconsistent with NumPy broadcasting
+        # in general, because it only uses one of the two broadcasting
+        # rules (adding a new "1" dimension to the left of the shape),
+        # applied to the output instead of an input. In NumPy 2.0, this kind
+        # of broadcasting assignment will likely be disallowed.
+        a[...] = np.arange(6)[::-1].reshape(1, 2, 3)
+        assert_equal(a, [[5, 4, 3], [2, 1, 0]])
+        # The other type of broadcasting would require a reduction operation.
+
+        def assign(a, b):
+            a[...] = b
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, assign, a, np.arange(12).reshape(2, 2, 3))
+
+    def test_assignment_errors(self):
+        # Address issue #2276
+        class C:
+            pass
+        a = np.zeros(1)
+
+        def assign(v):
+            a[0] = v
+
+        assert_raises((AttributeError, TypeError), assign, C())
+        assert_raises(ValueError, assign, [1])
+
+    def test_unicode_assignment(self):
+        # gh-5049
+        from numpy.core.numeric import set_string_function
+
+        @contextmanager
+        def inject_str(s):
+            """ replace ndarray.__str__ temporarily """
+            set_string_function(lambda x: s, repr=False)
+            try:
+                yield
+            finally:
+                set_string_function(None, repr=False)
+
+        a1d = np.array(['test'])
+        a0d = np.array('done')
+        with inject_str('bad'):
+            a1d[0] = a0d  # previously this would invoke __str__
+        assert_equal(a1d[0], 'done')
+
+        # this would crash for the same reason
+        np.array([np.array('\xe5\xe4\xf6')])
+
+    def test_stringlike_empty_list(self):
+        # gh-8902
+        u = np.array(['done'])
+        b = np.array([b'done'])
+
+        class bad_sequence:
+            def __getitem__(self): pass
+            def __len__(self): raise RuntimeError
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, operator.setitem, u, 0, [])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, operator.setitem, b, 0, [])
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, operator.setitem, u, 0, bad_sequence())
+        assert_raises(ValueError, operator.setitem, b, 0, bad_sequence())
+
+    def test_longdouble_assignment(self):
+        # only relevant if longdouble is larger than float
+        # we're looking for loss of precision
+
+        for dtype in (np.longdouble, np.longcomplex):
+            # gh-8902
+            tinyb = np.nextafter(np.longdouble(0), 1).astype(dtype)
+            tinya = np.nextafter(np.longdouble(0), -1).astype(dtype)
+
+            # construction
+            tiny1d = np.array([tinya])
+            assert_equal(tiny1d[0], tinya)
+
+            # scalar = scalar
+            tiny1d[0] = tinyb
+            assert_equal(tiny1d[0], tinyb)
+
+            # 0d = scalar
+            tiny1d[0, ...] = tinya
+            assert_equal(tiny1d[0], tinya)
+
+            # 0d = 0d
+            tiny1d[0, ...] = tinyb[...]
+            assert_equal(tiny1d[0], tinyb)
+
+            # scalar = 0d
+            tiny1d[0] = tinyb[...]
+            assert_equal(tiny1d[0], tinyb)
+
+            arr = np.array([np.array(tinya)])
+            assert_equal(arr[0], tinya)
+
+    def test_cast_to_string(self):
+        # cast to str should do "str(scalar)", not "str(scalar.item())"
+        # Example: In python2, str(float) is truncated, so we want to avoid
+        # str(np.float64(...).item()) as this would incorrectly truncate.
+        a = np.zeros(1, dtype='S20')
+        a[:] = np.array(['1.12345678901234567890'], dtype='f8')
+        assert_equal(a[0], b"1.1234567890123457")
+
+
+class TestDtypedescr:
+    def test_construction(self):
+        d1 = np.dtype('i4')
+        assert_equal(d1, np.dtype(np.int32))
+        d2 = np.dtype('f8')
+        assert_equal(d2, np.dtype(np.float64))
+
+    def test_byteorders(self):
+        assert_(np.dtype('i4'))
+        assert_(np.dtype([('a', 'i4')]))
+
+    def test_structured_non_void(self):
+        fields = [('a', 'i8'), ('b', 'f8')])
+        assert_equal(a == b, [False, True])
+        assert_equal(a != b, [True, False])
+
+        a = np.array([(5, 42), (10, 1)], dtype=[('a', '>f8'), ('b', 'i8')])
+        assert_equal(a == b, [False, True])
+        assert_equal(a != b, [True, False])
+
+        # Including with embedded subarray dtype (although subarray comparison
+        # itself may still be a bit weird and compare the raw data)
+        a = np.array([(5, 42), (10, 1)], dtype=[('a', '10>f8'), ('b', '5i8')])
+        assert_equal(a == b, [False, True])
+        assert_equal(a != b, [True, False])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [
+            operator.eq, lambda x, y: operator.eq(y, x),
+            operator.ne, lambda x, y: operator.ne(y, x)])
+    def test_void_comparison_failures(self, op):
+        # In principle, one could decide to return an array of False for some
+        # if comparisons are impossible.  But right now we return TypeError
+        # when "void" dtype are involved.
+        x = np.zeros(3, dtype=[('a', 'i1')])
+        y = np.zeros(3)
+        # Cannot compare non-structured to structured:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            op(x, y)
+
+        # Added title prevents promotion, but casts are OK:
+        y = np.zeros(3, dtype=[(('title', 'a'), 'i1')])
+        assert np.can_cast(y.dtype, x.dtype)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            op(x, y)
+
+        x = np.zeros(3, dtype="V7")
+        y = np.zeros(3, dtype="V8")
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            op(x, y)
+
+    def test_casting(self):
+        # Check that casting a structured array to change its byte order
+        # works
+        a = np.array([(1,)], dtype=[('a', 'i4')], casting='unsafe'))
+        b = a.astype([('a', '>i4')])
+        assert_equal(b, a.byteswap().newbyteorder())
+        assert_equal(a['a'][0], b['a'][0])
+
+        # Check that equality comparison works on structured arrays if
+        # they are 'equiv'-castable
+        a = np.array([(5, 42), (10, 1)], dtype=[('a', '>i4'), ('b', 'f8')])
+        assert_(np.can_cast(a.dtype, b.dtype, casting='equiv'))
+        assert_equal(a == b, [True, True])
+
+        # Check that 'equiv' casting can change byte order
+        assert_(np.can_cast(a.dtype, b.dtype, casting='equiv'))
+        c = a.astype(b.dtype, casting='equiv')
+        assert_equal(a == c, [True, True])
+
+        # Check that 'safe' casting can change byte order and up-cast
+        # fields
+        t = [('a', 'f8')]
+        assert_(np.can_cast(a.dtype, t, casting='safe'))
+        c = a.astype(t, casting='safe')
+        assert_equal((c == np.array([(5, 42), (10, 1)], dtype=t)),
+                     [True, True])
+
+        # Check that 'same_kind' casting can change byte order and
+        # change field widths within a "kind"
+        t = [('a', 'f4')]
+        assert_(np.can_cast(a.dtype, t, casting='same_kind'))
+        c = a.astype(t, casting='same_kind')
+        assert_equal((c == np.array([(5, 42), (10, 1)], dtype=t)),
+                     [True, True])
+
+        # Check that casting fails if the casting rule should fail on
+        # any of the fields
+        t = [('a', '>i8'), ('b', 'i2'), ('b', 'i8'), ('b', 'i4')]
+            assert_(not np.can_cast(a.dtype, t, casting=casting))
+            t = [('a', '>i4'), ('b', 'i8")
+        ab = np.array([(1, 2)], dtype=[A, B])
+        ba = np.array([(1, 2)], dtype=[B, A])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.concatenate, ab, ba)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.result_type, ab.dtype, ba.dtype)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, ab.dtype, ba.dtype)
+
+        # dtypes with same field names/order but different memory offsets
+        # and byte-order are promotable to packed nbo.
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types(ab.dtype, ba[['a', 'b']].dtype),
+                     repack_fields(ab.dtype.newbyteorder('N')))
+
+        # gh-13667
+        # dtypes with different fieldnames but castable field types are castable
+        assert_equal(np.can_cast(ab.dtype, ba.dtype), True)
+        assert_equal(ab.astype(ba.dtype).dtype, ba.dtype)
+        assert_equal(np.can_cast('f8,i8', [('f0', 'f8'), ('f1', 'i8')]), True)
+        assert_equal(np.can_cast('f8,i8', [('f1', 'f8'), ('f0', 'i8')]), True)
+        assert_equal(np.can_cast('f8,i8', [('f1', 'i8'), ('f0', 'f8')]), False)
+        assert_equal(np.can_cast('f8,i8', [('f1', 'i8'), ('f0', 'f8')],
+                                 casting='unsafe'), True)
+
+        ab[:] = ba  # make sure assignment still works
+
+        # tests of type-promotion of corresponding fields
+        dt1 = np.dtype([("", "i4")])
+        dt2 = np.dtype([("", "i8")])
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types(dt1, dt2), np.dtype([('f0', 'i8')]))
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types(dt2, dt1), np.dtype([('f0', 'i8')]))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, dt1, np.dtype([("", "V3")]))
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types('i4,f8', 'i8,f4'),
+                     np.dtype([('f0', 'i8'), ('f1', 'f8')]))
+        # test nested case
+        dt1nest = np.dtype([("", dt1)])
+        dt2nest = np.dtype([("", dt2)])
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types(dt1nest, dt2nest),
+                     np.dtype([('f0', np.dtype([('f0', 'i8')]))]))
+
+        # note that offsets are lost when promoting:
+        dt = np.dtype({'names': ['x'], 'formats': ['i4'], 'offsets': [8]})
+        a = np.ones(3, dtype=dt)
+        assert_equal(np.concatenate([a, a]).dtype, np.dtype([('x', 'i4')]))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype_dict", [
+            dict(names=["a", "b"], formats=["i4", "f"], itemsize=100),
+            dict(names=["a", "b"], formats=["i4", "f"],
+                 offsets=[0, 12])])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("align", [True, False])
+    def test_structured_promotion_packs(self, dtype_dict, align):
+        # Structured dtypes are packed when promoted (we consider the packed
+        # form to be "canonical"), so tere is no extra padding.
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype_dict, align=align)
+        # Remove non "canonical" dtype options:
+        dtype_dict.pop("itemsize", None)
+        dtype_dict.pop("offsets", None)
+        expected = np.dtype(dtype_dict, align=align)
+
+        res = np.promote_types(dtype, dtype)
+        assert res.itemsize == expected.itemsize
+        assert res.fields == expected.fields
+
+        # But the "expected" one, should just be returned unchanged:
+        res = np.promote_types(expected, expected)
+        assert res is expected
+
+    def test_structured_asarray_is_view(self):
+        # A scalar viewing an array preserves its view even when creating a
+        # new array. This test documents behaviour, it may not be the best
+        # desired behaviour.
+        arr = np.array([1], dtype="i,i")
+        scalar = arr[0]
+        assert not scalar.flags.owndata  # view into the array
+        assert np.asarray(scalar).base is scalar
+        # But never when a dtype is passed in:
+        assert np.asarray(scalar, dtype=scalar.dtype).base is None
+        # A scalar which owns its data does not have this property.
+        # It is not easy to create one, one method is to use pickle:
+        scalar = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(scalar))
+        assert scalar.flags.owndata
+        assert np.asarray(scalar).base is None
+
+class TestBool:
+    def test_test_interning(self):
+        a0 = np.bool_(0)
+        b0 = np.bool_(False)
+        assert_(a0 is b0)
+        a1 = np.bool_(1)
+        b1 = np.bool_(True)
+        assert_(a1 is b1)
+        assert_(np.array([True])[0] is a1)
+        assert_(np.array(True)[()] is a1)
+
+    def test_sum(self):
+        d = np.ones(101, dtype=bool)
+        assert_equal(d.sum(), d.size)
+        assert_equal(d[::2].sum(), d[::2].size)
+        assert_equal(d[::-2].sum(), d[::-2].size)
+
+        d = np.frombuffer(b'\xff\xff' * 100, dtype=bool)
+        assert_equal(d.sum(), d.size)
+        assert_equal(d[::2].sum(), d[::2].size)
+        assert_equal(d[::-2].sum(), d[::-2].size)
+
+    def check_count_nonzero(self, power, length):
+        powers = [2 ** i for i in range(length)]
+        for i in range(2**power):
+            l = [(i & x) != 0 for x in powers]
+            a = np.array(l, dtype=bool)
+            c = builtins.sum(l)
+            assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(a), c)
+            av = a.view(np.uint8)
+            av *= 3
+            assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(a), c)
+            av *= 4
+            assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(a), c)
+            av[av != 0] = 0xFF
+            assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(a), c)
+
+    def test_count_nonzero(self):
+        # check all 12 bit combinations in a length 17 array
+        # covers most cases of the 16 byte unrolled code
+        self.check_count_nonzero(12, 17)
+
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    def test_count_nonzero_all(self):
+        # check all combinations in a length 17 array
+        # covers all cases of the 16 byte unrolled code
+        self.check_count_nonzero(17, 17)
+
+    def test_count_nonzero_unaligned(self):
+        # prevent mistakes as e.g. gh-4060
+        for o in range(7):
+            a = np.zeros((18,), dtype=bool)[o+1:]
+            a[:o] = True
+            assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(a), builtins.sum(a.tolist()))
+            a = np.ones((18,), dtype=bool)[o+1:]
+            a[:o] = False
+            assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(a), builtins.sum(a.tolist()))
+
+    def _test_cast_from_flexible(self, dtype):
+        # empty string -> false
+        for n in range(3):
+            v = np.array(b'', (dtype, n))
+            assert_equal(bool(v), False)
+            assert_equal(bool(v[()]), False)
+            assert_equal(v.astype(bool), False)
+            assert_(isinstance(v.astype(bool), np.ndarray))
+            assert_(v[()].astype(bool) is np.False_)
+
+        # anything else -> true
+        for n in range(1, 4):
+            for val in [b'a', b'0', b' ']:
+                v = np.array(val, (dtype, n))
+                assert_equal(bool(v), True)
+                assert_equal(bool(v[()]), True)
+                assert_equal(v.astype(bool), True)
+                assert_(isinstance(v.astype(bool), np.ndarray))
+                assert_(v[()].astype(bool) is np.True_)
+
+    def test_cast_from_void(self):
+        self._test_cast_from_flexible(np.void)
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="See gh-9847")
+    def test_cast_from_unicode(self):
+        self._test_cast_from_flexible(np.str_)
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="See gh-9847")
+    def test_cast_from_bytes(self):
+        self._test_cast_from_flexible(np.bytes_)
+
+
+class TestZeroSizeFlexible:
+    @staticmethod
+    def _zeros(shape, dtype=str):
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+        if dtype == np.void:
+            return np.zeros(shape, dtype=(dtype, 0))
+
+        # not constructable directly
+        dtype = np.dtype([('x', dtype, 0)])
+        return np.zeros(shape, dtype=dtype)['x']
+
+    def test_create(self):
+        zs = self._zeros(10, bytes)
+        assert_equal(zs.itemsize, 0)
+        zs = self._zeros(10, np.void)
+        assert_equal(zs.itemsize, 0)
+        zs = self._zeros(10, str)
+        assert_equal(zs.itemsize, 0)
+
+    def _test_sort_partition(self, name, kinds, **kwargs):
+        # Previously, these would all hang
+        for dt in [bytes, np.void, str]:
+            zs = self._zeros(10, dt)
+            sort_method = getattr(zs, name)
+            sort_func = getattr(np, name)
+            for kind in kinds:
+                sort_method(kind=kind, **kwargs)
+                sort_func(zs, kind=kind, **kwargs)
+
+    def test_sort(self):
+        self._test_sort_partition('sort', kinds='qhs')
+
+    def test_argsort(self):
+        self._test_sort_partition('argsort', kinds='qhs')
+
+    def test_partition(self):
+        self._test_sort_partition('partition', kinds=['introselect'], kth=2)
+
+    def test_argpartition(self):
+        self._test_sort_partition('argpartition', kinds=['introselect'], kth=2)
+
+    def test_resize(self):
+        # previously an error
+        for dt in [bytes, np.void, str]:
+            zs = self._zeros(10, dt)
+            zs.resize(25)
+            zs.resize((10, 10))
+
+    def test_view(self):
+        for dt in [bytes, np.void, str]:
+            zs = self._zeros(10, dt)
+
+            # viewing as itself should be allowed
+            assert_equal(zs.view(dt).dtype, np.dtype(dt))
+
+            # viewing as any non-empty type gives an empty result
+            assert_equal(zs.view((dt, 1)).shape, (0,))
+
+    def test_dumps(self):
+        zs = self._zeros(10, int)
+        assert_equal(zs, pickle.loads(zs.dumps()))
+
+    def test_pickle(self):
+        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            for dt in [bytes, np.void, str]:
+                zs = self._zeros(10, dt)
+                p = pickle.dumps(zs, protocol=proto)
+                zs2 = pickle.loads(p)
+
+                assert_equal(zs.dtype, zs2.dtype)
+
+    def test_pickle_empty(self):
+        """Checking if an empty array pickled and un-pickled will not cause a
+        segmentation fault"""
+        arr = np.array([]).reshape(999999, 0)
+        pk_dmp = pickle.dumps(arr)
+        pk_load = pickle.loads(pk_dmp)
+
+        assert pk_load.size == 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL < 5,
+                        reason="requires pickle protocol 5")
+    def test_pickle_with_buffercallback(self):
+        array = np.arange(10)
+        buffers = []
+        bytes_string = pickle.dumps(array, buffer_callback=buffers.append,
+                                    protocol=5)
+        array_from_buffer = pickle.loads(bytes_string, buffers=buffers)
+        # when using pickle protocol 5 with buffer callbacks,
+        # array_from_buffer is reconstructed from a buffer holding a view
+        # to the initial array's data, so modifying an element in array
+        # should modify it in array_from_buffer too.
+        array[0] = -1
+        assert array_from_buffer[0] == -1, array_from_buffer[0]
+
+
+class TestMethods:
+
+    sort_kinds = ['quicksort', 'heapsort', 'stable']
+
+    def test_all_where(self):
+        a = np.array([[True, False, True],
+                      [False, False, False],
+                      [True, True, True]])
+        wh_full = np.array([[True, False, True],
+                            [False, False, False],
+                            [True, False, True]])
+        wh_lower = np.array([[False],
+                             [False],
+                             [True]])
+        for _ax in [0, None]:
+            assert_equal(a.all(axis=_ax, where=wh_lower),
+                        np.all(a[wh_lower[:,0],:], axis=_ax))
+            assert_equal(np.all(a, axis=_ax, where=wh_lower),
+                         a[wh_lower[:,0],:].all(axis=_ax))
+
+        assert_equal(a.all(where=wh_full), True)
+        assert_equal(np.all(a, where=wh_full), True)
+        assert_equal(a.all(where=False), True)
+        assert_equal(np.all(a, where=False), True)
+
+    def test_any_where(self):
+        a = np.array([[True, False, True],
+                      [False, False, False],
+                      [True, True, True]])
+        wh_full = np.array([[False, True, False],
+                            [True, True, True],
+                            [False, False, False]])
+        wh_middle = np.array([[False],
+                              [True],
+                              [False]])
+        for _ax in [0, None]:
+            assert_equal(a.any(axis=_ax, where=wh_middle),
+                         np.any(a[wh_middle[:,0],:], axis=_ax))
+            assert_equal(np.any(a, axis=_ax, where=wh_middle),
+                         a[wh_middle[:,0],:].any(axis=_ax))
+        assert_equal(a.any(where=wh_full), False)
+        assert_equal(np.any(a, where=wh_full), False)
+        assert_equal(a.any(where=False), False)
+        assert_equal(np.any(a, where=False), False)
+
+    def test_compress(self):
+        tgt = [[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]]
+        arr = np.arange(10).reshape(2, 5)
+        out = arr.compress([0, 1], axis=0)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[1, 3], [6, 8]]
+        out = arr.compress([0, 1, 0, 1, 0], axis=1)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[1], [6]]
+        arr = np.arange(10).reshape(2, 5)
+        out = arr.compress([0, 1], axis=1)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+        arr = np.arange(10).reshape(2, 5)
+        out = arr.compress([0, 1])
+        assert_equal(out, 1)
+
+    def test_choose(self):
+        x = 2*np.ones((3,), dtype=int)
+        y = 3*np.ones((3,), dtype=int)
+        x2 = 2*np.ones((2, 3), dtype=int)
+        y2 = 3*np.ones((2, 3), dtype=int)
+        ind = np.array([0, 0, 1])
+
+        A = ind.choose((x, y))
+        assert_equal(A, [2, 2, 3])
+
+        A = ind.choose((x2, y2))
+        assert_equal(A, [[2, 2, 3], [2, 2, 3]])
+
+        A = ind.choose((x, y2))
+        assert_equal(A, [[2, 2, 3], [2, 2, 3]])
+
+        oned = np.ones(1)
+        # gh-12031, caused SEGFAULT
+        assert_raises(TypeError, oned.choose,np.void(0), [oned])
+
+        out = np.array(0)
+        ret = np.choose(np.array(1), [10, 20, 30], out=out)
+        assert out is ret
+        assert_equal(out[()], 20)
+
+        # gh-6272 check overlap on out
+        x = np.arange(5)
+        y = np.choose([0,0,0], [x[:3], x[:3], x[:3]], out=x[1:4], mode='wrap')
+        assert_equal(y, np.array([0, 1, 2]))
+
+    def test_prod(self):
+        ba = [1, 2, 10, 11, 6, 5, 4]
+        ba2 = [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 9], [10, 3, 4, 5]]
+
+        for ctype in [np.int16, np.uint16, np.int32, np.uint32,
+                      np.float32, np.float64, np.complex64, np.complex128]:
+            a = np.array(ba, ctype)
+            a2 = np.array(ba2, ctype)
+            if ctype in ['1', 'b']:
+                assert_raises(ArithmeticError, a.prod)
+                assert_raises(ArithmeticError, a2.prod, axis=1)
+            else:
+                assert_equal(a.prod(axis=0), 26400)
+                assert_array_equal(a2.prod(axis=0),
+                                   np.array([50, 36, 84, 180], ctype))
+                assert_array_equal(a2.prod(axis=-1),
+                                   np.array([24, 1890, 600], ctype))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', [None, object])
+    def test_repeat(self, dtype):
+        m = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], dtype=dtype)
+        m_rect = m.reshape((2, 3))
+
+        A = m.repeat([1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2])
+        assert_equal(A, [1, 2, 2, 2, 3,
+                         3, 4, 5, 6, 6])
+
+        A = m.repeat(2)
+        assert_equal(A, [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3,
+                         4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6])
+
+        A = m_rect.repeat([2, 1], axis=0)
+        assert_equal(A, [[1, 2, 3],
+                         [1, 2, 3],
+                         [4, 5, 6]])
+
+        A = m_rect.repeat([1, 3, 2], axis=1)
+        assert_equal(A, [[1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3],
+                         [4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6]])
+
+        A = m_rect.repeat(2, axis=0)
+        assert_equal(A, [[1, 2, 3],
+                         [1, 2, 3],
+                         [4, 5, 6],
+                         [4, 5, 6]])
+
+        A = m_rect.repeat(2, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(A, [[1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3],
+                         [4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6]])
+
+    def test_reshape(self):
+        arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]])
+
+        tgt = [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]]
+        assert_equal(arr.reshape(2, 6), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]]
+        assert_equal(arr.reshape(3, 4), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[1, 10, 8, 6], [4, 2, 11, 9], [7, 5, 3, 12]]
+        assert_equal(arr.reshape((3, 4), order='F'), tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[1, 4, 7, 10], [2, 5, 8, 11], [3, 6, 9, 12]]
+        assert_equal(arr.T.reshape((3, 4), order='C'), tgt)
+
+    def test_round(self):
+        def check_round(arr, expected, *round_args):
+            assert_equal(arr.round(*round_args), expected)
+            # With output array
+            out = np.zeros_like(arr)
+            res = arr.round(*round_args, out=out)
+            assert_equal(out, expected)
+            assert out is res
+
+        check_round(np.array([1.2, 1.5]), [1, 2])
+        check_round(np.array(1.5), 2)
+        check_round(np.array([12.2, 15.5]), [10, 20], -1)
+        check_round(np.array([12.15, 15.51]), [12.2, 15.5], 1)
+        # Complex rounding
+        check_round(np.array([4.5 + 1.5j]), [4 + 2j])
+        check_round(np.array([12.5 + 15.5j]), [10 + 20j], -1)
+
+    def test_squeeze(self):
+        a = np.array([[[1], [2], [3]]])
+        assert_equal(a.squeeze(), [1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(a.squeeze(axis=(0,)), [[1], [2], [3]])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, a.squeeze, axis=(1,))
+        assert_equal(a.squeeze(axis=(2,)), [[1, 2, 3]])
+
+    def test_transpose(self):
+        a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        assert_equal(a.transpose(), [[1, 3], [2, 4]])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: a.transpose(0))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: a.transpose(0, 0))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: a.transpose(0, 1, 2))
+
+    def test_sort(self):
+        # test ordering for floats and complex containing nans. It is only
+        # necessary to check the less-than comparison, so sorts that
+        # only follow the insertion sort path are sufficient. We only
+        # test doubles and complex doubles as the logic is the same.
+
+        # check doubles
+        msg = "Test real sort order with nans"
+        a = np.array([np.nan, 1, 0])
+        b = np.sort(a)
+        assert_equal(b, a[::-1], msg)
+        # check complex
+        msg = "Test complex sort order with nans"
+        a = np.zeros(9, dtype=np.complex128)
+        a.real += [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0]
+        a.imag += [np.nan, 1, 0, np.nan, np.nan, 1, 0, 1, 0]
+        b = np.sort(a)
+        assert_equal(b, a[::-1], msg)
+
+    # all c scalar sorts use the same code with different types
+    # so it suffices to run a quick check with one type. The number
+    # of sorted items must be greater than ~50 to check the actual
+    # algorithm because quick and merge sort fall over to insertion
+    # sort for small arrays.
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', [np.uint8, np.uint16, np.uint32, np.uint64,
+                                       np.float16, np.float32, np.float64,
+                                       np.longdouble])
+    def test_sort_unsigned(self, dtype):
+        a = np.arange(101, dtype=dtype)
+        b = a[::-1].copy()
+        for kind in self.sort_kinds:
+            msg = "scalar sort, kind=%s" % kind
+            c = a.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a, msg)
+            c = b.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a, msg)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype',
+                             [np.int8, np.int16, np.int32, np.int64, np.float16,
+                              np.float32, np.float64, np.longdouble])
+    def test_sort_signed(self, dtype):
+        a = np.arange(-50, 51, dtype=dtype)
+        b = a[::-1].copy()
+        for kind in self.sort_kinds:
+            msg = "scalar sort, kind=%s" % (kind)
+            c = a.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a, msg)
+            c = b.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a, msg)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', [np.float32, np.float64, np.longdouble])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('part', ['real', 'imag'])
+    def test_sort_complex(self, part, dtype):
+        # test complex sorts. These use the same code as the scalars
+        # but the compare function differs.
+        cdtype = {
+            np.single: np.csingle,
+            np.double: np.cdouble,
+            np.longdouble: np.clongdouble,
+        }[dtype]
+        a = np.arange(-50, 51, dtype=dtype)
+        b = a[::-1].copy()
+        ai = (a * (1+1j)).astype(cdtype)
+        bi = (b * (1+1j)).astype(cdtype)
+        setattr(ai, part, 1)
+        setattr(bi, part, 1)
+        for kind in self.sort_kinds:
+            msg = "complex sort, %s part == 1, kind=%s" % (part, kind)
+            c = ai.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, ai, msg)
+            c = bi.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, ai, msg)
+
+    def test_sort_complex_byte_swapping(self):
+        # test sorting of complex arrays requiring byte-swapping, gh-5441
+        for endianness in '<>':
+            for dt in np.typecodes['Complex']:
+                arr = np.array([1+3.j, 2+2.j, 3+1.j], dtype=endianness + dt)
+                c = arr.copy()
+                c.sort()
+                msg = 'byte-swapped complex sort, dtype={0}'.format(dt)
+                assert_equal(c, arr, msg)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', [np.bytes_, np.str_])
+    def test_sort_string(self, dtype):
+        # np.array will perform the encoding to bytes for us in the bytes test
+        a = np.array(['aaaaaaaa' + chr(i) for i in range(101)], dtype=dtype)
+        b = a[::-1].copy()
+        for kind in self.sort_kinds:
+            msg = "kind=%s" % kind
+            c = a.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a, msg)
+            c = b.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a, msg)
+
+    def test_sort_object(self):
+        # test object array sorts.
+        a = np.empty((101,), dtype=object)
+        a[:] = list(range(101))
+        b = a[::-1]
+        for kind in ['q', 'h', 'm']:
+            msg = "kind=%s" % kind
+            c = a.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a, msg)
+            c = b.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a, msg)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dt", [
+            np.dtype([('f', float), ('i', int)]),
+            np.dtype([('f', float), ('i', object)])])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("step", [1, 2])
+    def test_sort_structured(self, dt, step):
+        # test record array sorts.
+        a = np.array([(i, i) for i in range(101*step)], dtype=dt)
+        b = a[::-1]
+        for kind in ['q', 'h', 'm']:
+            msg = "kind=%s" % kind
+            c = a.copy()[::step]
+            indx = c.argsort(kind=kind)
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a[::step], msg)
+            assert_equal(a[::step][indx], a[::step], msg)
+            c = b.copy()[::step]
+            indx = c.argsort(kind=kind)
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a[step-1::step], msg)
+            assert_equal(b[::step][indx], a[step-1::step], msg)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', ['datetime64[D]', 'timedelta64[D]'])
+    def test_sort_time(self, dtype):
+        # test datetime64 and timedelta64 sorts.
+        a = np.arange(0, 101, dtype=dtype)
+        b = a[::-1]
+        for kind in ['q', 'h', 'm']:
+            msg = "kind=%s" % kind
+            c = a.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a, msg)
+            c = b.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a, msg)
+
+    def test_sort_axis(self):
+        # check axis handling. This should be the same for all type
+        # specific sorts, so we only check it for one type and one kind
+        a = np.array([[3, 2], [1, 0]])
+        b = np.array([[1, 0], [3, 2]])
+        c = np.array([[2, 3], [0, 1]])
+        d = a.copy()
+        d.sort(axis=0)
+        assert_equal(d, b, "test sort with axis=0")
+        d = a.copy()
+        d.sort(axis=1)
+        assert_equal(d, c, "test sort with axis=1")
+        d = a.copy()
+        d.sort()
+        assert_equal(d, c, "test sort with default axis")
+
+    def test_sort_size_0(self):
+        # check axis handling for multidimensional empty arrays
+        a = np.array([])
+        a.shape = (3, 2, 1, 0)
+        for axis in range(-a.ndim, a.ndim):
+            msg = 'test empty array sort with axis={0}'.format(axis)
+            assert_equal(np.sort(a, axis=axis), a, msg)
+        msg = 'test empty array sort with axis=None'
+        assert_equal(np.sort(a, axis=None), a.ravel(), msg)
+
+    def test_sort_bad_ordering(self):
+        # test generic class with bogus ordering,
+        # should not segfault.
+        class Boom:
+            def __lt__(self, other):
+                return True
+
+        a = np.array([Boom()] * 100, dtype=object)
+        for kind in self.sort_kinds:
+            msg = "kind=%s" % kind
+            c = a.copy()
+            c.sort(kind=kind)
+            assert_equal(c, a, msg)
+
+    def test_void_sort(self):
+        # gh-8210 - previously segfaulted
+        for i in range(4):
+            rand = np.random.randint(256, size=4000, dtype=np.uint8)
+            arr = rand.view('V4')
+            arr[::-1].sort()
+
+        dt = np.dtype([('val', 'i4', (1,))])
+        for i in range(4):
+            rand = np.random.randint(256, size=4000, dtype=np.uint8)
+            arr = rand.view(dt)
+            arr[::-1].sort()
+
+    def test_sort_raises(self):
+        #gh-9404
+        arr = np.array([0, datetime.now(), 1], dtype=object)
+        for kind in self.sort_kinds:
+            assert_raises(TypeError, arr.sort, kind=kind)
+        #gh-3879
+        class Raiser:
+            def raises_anything(*args, **kwargs):
+                raise TypeError("SOMETHING ERRORED")
+            __eq__ = __ne__ = __lt__ = __gt__ = __ge__ = __le__ = raises_anything
+        arr = np.array([[Raiser(), n] for n in range(10)]).reshape(-1)
+        np.random.shuffle(arr)
+        for kind in self.sort_kinds:
+            assert_raises(TypeError, arr.sort, kind=kind)
+
+    def test_sort_degraded(self):
+        # test degraded dataset would take minutes to run with normal qsort
+        d = np.arange(1000000)
+        do = d.copy()
+        x = d
+        # create a median of 3 killer where each median is the sorted second
+        # last element of the quicksort partition
+        while x.size > 3:
+            mid = x.size // 2
+            x[mid], x[-2] = x[-2], x[mid]
+            x = x[:-2]
+
+        assert_equal(np.sort(d), do)
+        assert_equal(d[np.argsort(d)], do)
+
+    def test_copy(self):
+        def assert_fortran(arr):
+            assert_(arr.flags.fortran)
+            assert_(arr.flags.f_contiguous)
+            assert_(not arr.flags.c_contiguous)
+
+        def assert_c(arr):
+            assert_(not arr.flags.fortran)
+            assert_(not arr.flags.f_contiguous)
+            assert_(arr.flags.c_contiguous)
+
+        a = np.empty((2, 2), order='F')
+        # Test copying a Fortran array
+        assert_c(a.copy())
+        assert_c(a.copy('C'))
+        assert_fortran(a.copy('F'))
+        assert_fortran(a.copy('A'))
+
+        # Now test starting with a C array.
+        a = np.empty((2, 2), order='C')
+        assert_c(a.copy())
+        assert_c(a.copy('C'))
+        assert_fortran(a.copy('F'))
+        assert_c(a.copy('A'))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ['O', np.int32, 'i,O'])
+    def test__deepcopy__(self, dtype):
+        # Force the entry of NULLs into array
+        a = np.empty(4, dtype=dtype)
+        ctypes.memset(a.ctypes.data, 0, a.nbytes)
+
+        # Ensure no error is raised, see gh-21833
+        b = a.__deepcopy__({})
+
+        a[0] = 42
+        with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+            assert_array_equal(a, b)
+
+    def test__deepcopy__catches_failure(self):
+        class MyObj:
+            def __deepcopy__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                raise RuntimeError
+
+        arr = np.array([1, MyObj(), 3], dtype='O')
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            arr.__deepcopy__({})
+
+    def test_sort_order(self):
+        # Test sorting an array with fields
+        x1 = np.array([21, 32, 14])
+        x2 = np.array(['my', 'first', 'name'])
+        x3 = np.array([3.1, 4.5, 6.2])
+        r = np.rec.fromarrays([x1, x2, x3], names='id,word,number')
+
+        r.sort(order=['id'])
+        assert_equal(r.id, np.array([14, 21, 32]))
+        assert_equal(r.word, np.array(['name', 'my', 'first']))
+        assert_equal(r.number, np.array([6.2, 3.1, 4.5]))
+
+        r.sort(order=['word'])
+        assert_equal(r.id, np.array([32, 21, 14]))
+        assert_equal(r.word, np.array(['first', 'my', 'name']))
+        assert_equal(r.number, np.array([4.5, 3.1, 6.2]))
+
+        r.sort(order=['number'])
+        assert_equal(r.id, np.array([21, 32, 14]))
+        assert_equal(r.word, np.array(['my', 'first', 'name']))
+        assert_equal(r.number, np.array([3.1, 4.5, 6.2]))
+
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'duplicate',
+            lambda: r.sort(order=['id', 'id']))
+
+        if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+            strtype = '>i2'
+        else:
+            strtype = '':
+            for dt in np.typecodes['Complex']:
+                arr = np.array([1+3.j, 2+2.j, 3+1.j], dtype=endianness + dt)
+                msg = 'byte-swapped complex argsort, dtype={0}'.format(dt)
+                assert_equal(arr.argsort(),
+                             np.arange(len(arr), dtype=np.intp), msg)
+
+        # test string argsorts.
+        s = 'aaaaaaaa'
+        a = np.array([s + chr(i) for i in range(101)])
+        b = a[::-1].copy()
+        r = np.arange(101)
+        rr = r[::-1]
+        for kind in self.sort_kinds:
+            msg = "string argsort, kind=%s" % kind
+            assert_equal(a.copy().argsort(kind=kind), r, msg)
+            assert_equal(b.copy().argsort(kind=kind), rr, msg)
+
+        # test unicode argsorts.
+        s = 'aaaaaaaa'
+        a = np.array([s + chr(i) for i in range(101)], dtype=np.str_)
+        b = a[::-1]
+        r = np.arange(101)
+        rr = r[::-1]
+        for kind in self.sort_kinds:
+            msg = "unicode argsort, kind=%s" % kind
+            assert_equal(a.copy().argsort(kind=kind), r, msg)
+            assert_equal(b.copy().argsort(kind=kind), rr, msg)
+
+        # test object array argsorts.
+        a = np.empty((101,), dtype=object)
+        a[:] = list(range(101))
+        b = a[::-1]
+        r = np.arange(101)
+        rr = r[::-1]
+        for kind in self.sort_kinds:
+            msg = "object argsort, kind=%s" % kind
+            assert_equal(a.copy().argsort(kind=kind), r, msg)
+            assert_equal(b.copy().argsort(kind=kind), rr, msg)
+
+        # test structured array argsorts.
+        dt = np.dtype([('f', float), ('i', int)])
+        a = np.array([(i, i) for i in range(101)], dtype=dt)
+        b = a[::-1]
+        r = np.arange(101)
+        rr = r[::-1]
+        for kind in self.sort_kinds:
+            msg = "structured array argsort, kind=%s" % kind
+            assert_equal(a.copy().argsort(kind=kind), r, msg)
+            assert_equal(b.copy().argsort(kind=kind), rr, msg)
+
+        # test datetime64 argsorts.
+        a = np.arange(0, 101, dtype='datetime64[D]')
+        b = a[::-1]
+        r = np.arange(101)
+        rr = r[::-1]
+        for kind in ['q', 'h', 'm']:
+            msg = "datetime64 argsort, kind=%s" % kind
+            assert_equal(a.copy().argsort(kind=kind), r, msg)
+            assert_equal(b.copy().argsort(kind=kind), rr, msg)
+
+        # test timedelta64 argsorts.
+        a = np.arange(0, 101, dtype='timedelta64[D]')
+        b = a[::-1]
+        r = np.arange(101)
+        rr = r[::-1]
+        for kind in ['q', 'h', 'm']:
+            msg = "timedelta64 argsort, kind=%s" % kind
+            assert_equal(a.copy().argsort(kind=kind), r, msg)
+            assert_equal(b.copy().argsort(kind=kind), rr, msg)
+
+        # check axis handling. This should be the same for all type
+        # specific argsorts, so we only check it for one type and one kind
+        a = np.array([[3, 2], [1, 0]])
+        b = np.array([[1, 1], [0, 0]])
+        c = np.array([[1, 0], [1, 0]])
+        assert_equal(a.copy().argsort(axis=0), b)
+        assert_equal(a.copy().argsort(axis=1), c)
+        assert_equal(a.copy().argsort(), c)
+
+        # check axis handling for multidimensional empty arrays
+        a = np.array([])
+        a.shape = (3, 2, 1, 0)
+        for axis in range(-a.ndim, a.ndim):
+            msg = 'test empty array argsort with axis={0}'.format(axis)
+            assert_equal(np.argsort(a, axis=axis),
+                         np.zeros_like(a, dtype=np.intp), msg)
+        msg = 'test empty array argsort with axis=None'
+        assert_equal(np.argsort(a, axis=None),
+                     np.zeros_like(a.ravel(), dtype=np.intp), msg)
+
+        # check that stable argsorts are stable
+        r = np.arange(100)
+        # scalars
+        a = np.zeros(100)
+        assert_equal(a.argsort(kind='m'), r)
+        # complex
+        a = np.zeros(100, dtype=complex)
+        assert_equal(a.argsort(kind='m'), r)
+        # string
+        a = np.array(['aaaaaaaaa' for i in range(100)])
+        assert_equal(a.argsort(kind='m'), r)
+        # unicode
+        a = np.array(['aaaaaaaaa' for i in range(100)], dtype=np.str_)
+        assert_equal(a.argsort(kind='m'), r)
+
+    def test_sort_unicode_kind(self):
+        d = np.arange(10)
+        k = b'\xc3\xa4'.decode("UTF8")
+        assert_raises(ValueError, d.sort, kind=k)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, d.argsort, kind=k)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('a', [
+        np.array([0, 1, np.nan], dtype=np.float16),
+        np.array([0, 1, np.nan], dtype=np.float32),
+        np.array([0, 1, np.nan]),
+    ])
+    def test_searchsorted_floats(self, a):
+        # test for floats arrays containing nans. Explicitly test
+        # half, single, and double precision floats to verify that
+        # the NaN-handling is correct.
+        msg = "Test real (%s) searchsorted with nans, side='l'" % a.dtype
+        b = a.searchsorted(a, side='left')
+        assert_equal(b, np.arange(3), msg)
+        msg = "Test real (%s) searchsorted with nans, side='r'" % a.dtype
+        b = a.searchsorted(a, side='right')
+        assert_equal(b, np.arange(1, 4), msg)
+        # check keyword arguments
+        a.searchsorted(v=1)
+        x = np.array([0, 1, np.nan], dtype='float32')
+        y = np.searchsorted(x, x[-1])
+        assert_equal(y, 2)
+
+    def test_searchsorted_complex(self):
+        # test for complex arrays containing nans.
+        # The search sorted routines use the compare functions for the
+        # array type, so this checks if that is consistent with the sort
+        # order.
+        # check double complex
+        a = np.zeros(9, dtype=np.complex128)
+        a.real += [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]
+        a.imag += [0, 1, 0, 1, np.nan, np.nan, 0, 1, np.nan]
+        msg = "Test complex searchsorted with nans, side='l'"
+        b = a.searchsorted(a, side='left')
+        assert_equal(b, np.arange(9), msg)
+        msg = "Test complex searchsorted with nans, side='r'"
+        b = a.searchsorted(a, side='right')
+        assert_equal(b, np.arange(1, 10), msg)
+        msg = "Test searchsorted with little endian, side='l'"
+        a = np.array([0, 128], dtype=' p[:, i]).all(),
+                       msg="%d: %r < %r" % (i, p[:, i], p[:, i + 1:].T))
+                    aae(p, d1[np.arange(d1.shape[0])[:, None],
+                        np.argpartition(d1, i, axis=1, kind=k)])
+
+                    p = np.partition(d0, i, axis=0, kind=k)
+                    aae(p[i, :], np.array([i] * d1.shape[0], dtype=dt))
+                    # array_less does not seem to work right
+                    at((p[:i, :] <= p[i, :]).all(),
+                       msg="%d: %r <= %r" % (i, p[i, :], p[:i, :]))
+                    at((p[i + 1:, :] > p[i, :]).all(),
+                       msg="%d: %r < %r" % (i, p[i, :], p[:, i + 1:]))
+                    aae(p, d0[np.argpartition(d0, i, axis=0, kind=k),
+                        np.arange(d0.shape[1])[None, :]])
+
+                    # check inplace
+                    dc = d.copy()
+                    dc.partition(i, kind=k)
+                    assert_equal(dc, np.partition(d, i, kind=k))
+                    dc = d0.copy()
+                    dc.partition(i, axis=0, kind=k)
+                    assert_equal(dc, np.partition(d0, i, axis=0, kind=k))
+                    dc = d1.copy()
+                    dc.partition(i, axis=1, kind=k)
+                    assert_equal(dc, np.partition(d1, i, axis=1, kind=k))
+
+    def assert_partitioned(self, d, kth):
+        prev = 0
+        for k in np.sort(kth):
+            assert_array_less(d[prev:k], d[k], err_msg='kth %d' % k)
+            assert_((d[k:] >= d[k]).all(),
+                    msg="kth %d, %r not greater equal %d" % (k, d[k:], d[k]))
+            prev = k + 1
+
+    def test_partition_iterative(self):
+            d = np.arange(17)
+            kth = (0, 1, 2, 429, 231)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, d.partition, kth)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, d.argpartition, kth)
+            d = np.arange(10).reshape((2, 5))
+            assert_raises(ValueError, d.partition, kth, axis=0)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, d.partition, kth, axis=1)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.partition, d, kth, axis=1)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.partition, d, kth, axis=None)
+
+            d = np.array([3, 4, 2, 1])
+            p = np.partition(d, (0, 3))
+            self.assert_partitioned(p, (0, 3))
+            self.assert_partitioned(d[np.argpartition(d, (0, 3))], (0, 3))
+
+            assert_array_equal(p, np.partition(d, (-3, -1)))
+            assert_array_equal(p, d[np.argpartition(d, (-3, -1))])
+
+            d = np.arange(17)
+            np.random.shuffle(d)
+            d.partition(range(d.size))
+            assert_array_equal(np.arange(17), d)
+            np.random.shuffle(d)
+            assert_array_equal(np.arange(17), d[d.argpartition(range(d.size))])
+
+            # test unsorted kth
+            d = np.arange(17)
+            np.random.shuffle(d)
+            keys = np.array([1, 3, 8, -2])
+            np.random.shuffle(d)
+            p = np.partition(d, keys)
+            self.assert_partitioned(p, keys)
+            p = d[np.argpartition(d, keys)]
+            self.assert_partitioned(p, keys)
+            np.random.shuffle(keys)
+            assert_array_equal(np.partition(d, keys), p)
+            assert_array_equal(d[np.argpartition(d, keys)], p)
+
+            # equal kth
+            d = np.arange(20)[::-1]
+            self.assert_partitioned(np.partition(d, [5]*4), [5])
+            self.assert_partitioned(np.partition(d, [5]*4 + [6, 13]),
+                                    [5]*4 + [6, 13])
+            self.assert_partitioned(d[np.argpartition(d, [5]*4)], [5])
+            self.assert_partitioned(d[np.argpartition(d, [5]*4 + [6, 13])],
+                                    [5]*4 + [6, 13])
+
+            d = np.arange(12)
+            np.random.shuffle(d)
+            d1 = np.tile(np.arange(12), (4, 1))
+            map(np.random.shuffle, d1)
+            d0 = np.transpose(d1)
+
+            kth = (1, 6, 7, -1)
+            p = np.partition(d1, kth, axis=1)
+            pa = d1[np.arange(d1.shape[0])[:, None],
+                    d1.argpartition(kth, axis=1)]
+            assert_array_equal(p, pa)
+            for i in range(d1.shape[0]):
+                self.assert_partitioned(p[i,:], kth)
+            p = np.partition(d0, kth, axis=0)
+            pa = d0[np.argpartition(d0, kth, axis=0),
+                    np.arange(d0.shape[1])[None,:]]
+            assert_array_equal(p, pa)
+            for i in range(d0.shape[1]):
+                self.assert_partitioned(p[:, i], kth)
+
+    def test_partition_cdtype(self):
+        d = np.array([('Galahad', 1.7, 38), ('Arthur', 1.8, 41),
+                   ('Lancelot', 1.9, 38)],
+                  dtype=[('name', '|S10'), ('height', ' (numpy ufunc, has_in_place_version, preferred_dtype)
+        ops = {
+            'add':      (np.add, True, float),
+            'sub':      (np.subtract, True, float),
+            'mul':      (np.multiply, True, float),
+            'truediv':  (np.true_divide, True, float),
+            'floordiv': (np.floor_divide, True, float),
+            'mod':      (np.remainder, True, float),
+            'divmod':   (np.divmod, False, float),
+            'pow':      (np.power, True, int),
+            'lshift':   (np.left_shift, True, int),
+            'rshift':   (np.right_shift, True, int),
+            'and':      (np.bitwise_and, True, int),
+            'xor':      (np.bitwise_xor, True, int),
+            'or':       (np.bitwise_or, True, int),
+            'matmul':   (np.matmul, True, float),
+            # 'ge':       (np.less_equal, False),
+            # 'gt':       (np.less, False),
+            # 'le':       (np.greater_equal, False),
+            # 'lt':       (np.greater, False),
+            # 'eq':       (np.equal, False),
+            # 'ne':       (np.not_equal, False),
+        }
+
+        class Coerced(Exception):
+            pass
+
+        def array_impl(self):
+            raise Coerced
+
+        def op_impl(self, other):
+            return "forward"
+
+        def rop_impl(self, other):
+            return "reverse"
+
+        def iop_impl(self, other):
+            return "in-place"
+
+        def array_ufunc_impl(self, ufunc, method, *args, **kwargs):
+            return ("__array_ufunc__", ufunc, method, args, kwargs)
+
+        # Create an object with the given base, in the given module, with a
+        # bunch of placeholder __op__ methods, and optionally a
+        # __array_ufunc__ and __array_priority__.
+        def make_obj(base, array_priority=False, array_ufunc=False,
+                     alleged_module="__main__"):
+            class_namespace = {"__array__": array_impl}
+            if array_priority is not False:
+                class_namespace["__array_priority__"] = array_priority
+            for op in ops:
+                class_namespace["__{0}__".format(op)] = op_impl
+                class_namespace["__r{0}__".format(op)] = rop_impl
+                class_namespace["__i{0}__".format(op)] = iop_impl
+            if array_ufunc is not False:
+                class_namespace["__array_ufunc__"] = array_ufunc
+            eval_namespace = {"base": base,
+                              "class_namespace": class_namespace,
+                              "__name__": alleged_module,
+                              }
+            MyType = eval("type('MyType', (base,), class_namespace)",
+                          eval_namespace)
+            if issubclass(MyType, np.ndarray):
+                # Use this range to avoid special case weirdnesses around
+                # divide-by-0, pow(x, 2), overflow due to pow(big, big), etc.
+                return np.arange(3, 7).reshape(2, 2).view(MyType)
+            else:
+                return MyType()
+
+        def check(obj, binop_override_expected, ufunc_override_expected,
+                  inplace_override_expected, check_scalar=True):
+            for op, (ufunc, has_inplace, dtype) in ops.items():
+                err_msg = ('op: %s, ufunc: %s, has_inplace: %s, dtype: %s'
+                           % (op, ufunc, has_inplace, dtype))
+                check_objs = [np.arange(3, 7, dtype=dtype).reshape(2, 2)]
+                if check_scalar:
+                    check_objs.append(check_objs[0][0])
+                for arr in check_objs:
+                    arr_method = getattr(arr, "__{0}__".format(op))
+
+                    def first_out_arg(result):
+                        if op == "divmod":
+                            assert_(isinstance(result, tuple))
+                            return result[0]
+                        else:
+                            return result
+
+                    # arr __op__ obj
+                    if binop_override_expected:
+                        assert_equal(arr_method(obj), NotImplemented, err_msg)
+                    elif ufunc_override_expected:
+                        assert_equal(arr_method(obj)[0], "__array_ufunc__",
+                                     err_msg)
+                    else:
+                        if (isinstance(obj, np.ndarray) and
+                            (type(obj).__array_ufunc__ is
+                             np.ndarray.__array_ufunc__)):
+                            # __array__ gets ignored
+                            res = first_out_arg(arr_method(obj))
+                            assert_(res.__class__ is obj.__class__, err_msg)
+                        else:
+                            assert_raises((TypeError, Coerced),
+                                          arr_method, obj, err_msg=err_msg)
+                    # obj __op__ arr
+                    arr_rmethod = getattr(arr, "__r{0}__".format(op))
+                    if ufunc_override_expected:
+                        res = arr_rmethod(obj)
+                        assert_equal(res[0], "__array_ufunc__",
+                                     err_msg=err_msg)
+                        assert_equal(res[1], ufunc, err_msg=err_msg)
+                    else:
+                        if (isinstance(obj, np.ndarray) and
+                                (type(obj).__array_ufunc__ is
+                                 np.ndarray.__array_ufunc__)):
+                            # __array__ gets ignored
+                            res = first_out_arg(arr_rmethod(obj))
+                            assert_(res.__class__ is obj.__class__, err_msg)
+                        else:
+                            # __array_ufunc__ = "asdf" creates a TypeError
+                            assert_raises((TypeError, Coerced),
+                                          arr_rmethod, obj, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+                    # arr __iop__ obj
+                    # array scalars don't have in-place operators
+                    if has_inplace and isinstance(arr, np.ndarray):
+                        arr_imethod = getattr(arr, "__i{0}__".format(op))
+                        if inplace_override_expected:
+                            assert_equal(arr_method(obj), NotImplemented,
+                                         err_msg=err_msg)
+                        elif ufunc_override_expected:
+                            res = arr_imethod(obj)
+                            assert_equal(res[0], "__array_ufunc__", err_msg)
+                            assert_equal(res[1], ufunc, err_msg)
+                            assert_(type(res[-1]["out"]) is tuple, err_msg)
+                            assert_(res[-1]["out"][0] is arr, err_msg)
+                        else:
+                            if (isinstance(obj, np.ndarray) and
+                                    (type(obj).__array_ufunc__ is
+                                    np.ndarray.__array_ufunc__)):
+                                # __array__ gets ignored
+                                assert_(arr_imethod(obj) is arr, err_msg)
+                            else:
+                                assert_raises((TypeError, Coerced),
+                                              arr_imethod, obj,
+                                              err_msg=err_msg)
+
+                    op_fn = getattr(operator, op, None)
+                    if op_fn is None:
+                        op_fn = getattr(operator, op + "_", None)
+                    if op_fn is None:
+                        op_fn = getattr(builtins, op)
+                    assert_equal(op_fn(obj, arr), "forward", err_msg)
+                    if not isinstance(obj, np.ndarray):
+                        if binop_override_expected:
+                            assert_equal(op_fn(arr, obj), "reverse", err_msg)
+                        elif ufunc_override_expected:
+                            assert_equal(op_fn(arr, obj)[0], "__array_ufunc__",
+                                         err_msg)
+                    if ufunc_override_expected:
+                        assert_equal(ufunc(obj, arr)[0], "__array_ufunc__",
+                                     err_msg)
+
+        # No array priority, no array_ufunc -> nothing called
+        check(make_obj(object), False, False, False)
+        # Negative array priority, no array_ufunc -> nothing called
+        # (has to be very negative, because scalar priority is -1000000.0)
+        check(make_obj(object, array_priority=-2**30), False, False, False)
+        # Positive array priority, no array_ufunc -> binops and iops only
+        check(make_obj(object, array_priority=1), True, False, True)
+        # ndarray ignores array_priority for ndarray subclasses
+        check(make_obj(np.ndarray, array_priority=1), False, False, False,
+              check_scalar=False)
+        # Positive array_priority and array_ufunc -> array_ufunc only
+        check(make_obj(object, array_priority=1,
+                       array_ufunc=array_ufunc_impl), False, True, False)
+        check(make_obj(np.ndarray, array_priority=1,
+                       array_ufunc=array_ufunc_impl), False, True, False)
+        # array_ufunc set to None -> defer binops only
+        check(make_obj(object, array_ufunc=None), True, False, False)
+        check(make_obj(np.ndarray, array_ufunc=None), True, False, False,
+              check_scalar=False)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("priority", [None, "runtime error"])
+    def test_ufunc_binop_bad_array_priority(self, priority):
+        # Mainly checks that this does not crash.  The second array has a lower
+        # priority than -1 ("error value").  If the __radd__ actually exists,
+        # bad things can happen (I think via the scalar paths).
+        # In principle both of these can probably just be errors in the future.
+        class BadPriority:
+            @property
+            def __array_priority__(self):
+                if priority == "runtime error":
+                    raise RuntimeError("RuntimeError in __array_priority__!")
+                return priority
+
+            def __radd__(self, other):
+                return "result"
+
+        class LowPriority(np.ndarray):
+            __array_priority__ = -1000
+
+        # Priority failure uses the same as scalars (smaller -1000).  So the
+        # LowPriority wins with 'result' for each element (inner operation).
+        res = np.arange(3).view(LowPriority) + BadPriority()
+        assert res.shape == (3,)
+        assert res[0] == 'result'
+
+
+    def test_ufunc_override_normalize_signature(self):
+        # gh-5674
+        class SomeClass:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kw):
+                return kw
+
+        a = SomeClass()
+        kw = np.add(a, [1])
+        assert_('sig' not in kw and 'signature' not in kw)
+        kw = np.add(a, [1], sig='ii->i')
+        assert_('sig' not in kw and 'signature' in kw)
+        assert_equal(kw['signature'], 'ii->i')
+        kw = np.add(a, [1], signature='ii->i')
+        assert_('sig' not in kw and 'signature' in kw)
+        assert_equal(kw['signature'], 'ii->i')
+
+    def test_array_ufunc_index(self):
+        # Check that index is set appropriately, also if only an output
+        # is passed on (latter is another regression tests for github bug 4753)
+        # This also checks implicitly that 'out' is always a tuple.
+        class CheckIndex:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kw):
+                for i, a in enumerate(inputs):
+                    if a is self:
+                        return i
+                # calls below mean we must be in an output.
+                for j, a in enumerate(kw['out']):
+                    if a is self:
+                        return (j,)
+
+        a = CheckIndex()
+        dummy = np.arange(2.)
+        # 1 input, 1 output
+        assert_equal(np.sin(a), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.sin(dummy, a), (0,))
+        assert_equal(np.sin(dummy, out=a), (0,))
+        assert_equal(np.sin(dummy, out=(a,)), (0,))
+        assert_equal(np.sin(a, a), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.sin(a, out=a), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.sin(a, out=(a,)), 0)
+        # 1 input, 2 outputs
+        assert_equal(np.modf(dummy, a), (0,))
+        assert_equal(np.modf(dummy, None, a), (1,))
+        assert_equal(np.modf(dummy, dummy, a), (1,))
+        assert_equal(np.modf(dummy, out=(a, None)), (0,))
+        assert_equal(np.modf(dummy, out=(a, dummy)), (0,))
+        assert_equal(np.modf(dummy, out=(None, a)), (1,))
+        assert_equal(np.modf(dummy, out=(dummy, a)), (1,))
+        assert_equal(np.modf(a, out=(dummy, a)), 0)
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            # Out argument must be tuple, since there are multiple outputs
+            np.modf(dummy, out=a)
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.modf, dummy, out=(a,))
+
+        # 2 inputs, 1 output
+        assert_equal(np.add(a, dummy), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.add(dummy, a), 1)
+        assert_equal(np.add(dummy, dummy, a), (0,))
+        assert_equal(np.add(dummy, a, a), 1)
+        assert_equal(np.add(dummy, dummy, out=a), (0,))
+        assert_equal(np.add(dummy, dummy, out=(a,)), (0,))
+        assert_equal(np.add(a, dummy, out=a), 0)
+
+    def test_out_override(self):
+        # regression test for github bug 4753
+        class OutClass(np.ndarray):
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kw):
+                if 'out' in kw:
+                    tmp_kw = kw.copy()
+                    tmp_kw.pop('out')
+                    func = getattr(ufunc, method)
+                    kw['out'][0][...] = func(*inputs, **tmp_kw)
+
+        A = np.array([0]).view(OutClass)
+        B = np.array([5])
+        C = np.array([6])
+        np.multiply(C, B, A)
+        assert_equal(A[0], 30)
+        assert_(isinstance(A, OutClass))
+        A[0] = 0
+        np.multiply(C, B, out=A)
+        assert_equal(A[0], 30)
+        assert_(isinstance(A, OutClass))
+
+    def test_pow_override_with_errors(self):
+        # regression test for gh-9112
+        class PowerOnly(np.ndarray):
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kw):
+                if ufunc is not np.power:
+                    raise NotImplementedError
+                return "POWER!"
+        # explicit cast to float, to ensure the fast power path is taken.
+        a = np.array(5., dtype=np.float64).view(PowerOnly)
+        assert_equal(a ** 2.5, "POWER!")
+        with assert_raises(NotImplementedError):
+            a ** 0.5
+        with assert_raises(NotImplementedError):
+            a ** 0
+        with assert_raises(NotImplementedError):
+            a ** 1
+        with assert_raises(NotImplementedError):
+            a ** -1
+        with assert_raises(NotImplementedError):
+            a ** 2
+
+    def test_pow_array_object_dtype(self):
+        # test pow on arrays of object dtype
+        class SomeClass:
+            def __init__(self, num=None):
+                self.num = num
+
+            # want to ensure a fast pow path is not taken
+            def __mul__(self, other):
+                raise AssertionError('__mul__ should not be called')
+
+            def __div__(self, other):
+                raise AssertionError('__div__ should not be called')
+
+            def __pow__(self, exp):
+                return SomeClass(num=self.num ** exp)
+
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                if isinstance(other, SomeClass):
+                    return self.num == other.num
+
+            __rpow__ = __pow__
+
+        def pow_for(exp, arr):
+            return np.array([x ** exp for x in arr])
+
+        obj_arr = np.array([SomeClass(1), SomeClass(2), SomeClass(3)])
+
+        assert_equal(obj_arr ** 0.5, pow_for(0.5, obj_arr))
+        assert_equal(obj_arr ** 0, pow_for(0, obj_arr))
+        assert_equal(obj_arr ** 1, pow_for(1, obj_arr))
+        assert_equal(obj_arr ** -1, pow_for(-1, obj_arr))
+        assert_equal(obj_arr ** 2, pow_for(2, obj_arr))
+
+    def test_pos_array_ufunc_override(self):
+        class A(np.ndarray):
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                return getattr(ufunc, method)(*[i.view(np.ndarray) for
+                                                i in inputs], **kwargs)
+        tst = np.array('foo').view(A)
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            +tst
+
+
+class TestTemporaryElide:
+    # elision is only triggered on relatively large arrays
+
+    def test_extension_incref_elide(self):
+        # test extension (e.g. cython) calling PyNumber_* slots without
+        # increasing the reference counts
+        #
+        # def incref_elide(a):
+        #    d = input.copy() # refcount 1
+        #    return d, d + d # PyNumber_Add without increasing refcount
+        from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import incref_elide
+        d = np.ones(100000)
+        orig, res = incref_elide(d)
+        d + d
+        # the return original should not be changed to an inplace operation
+        assert_array_equal(orig, d)
+        assert_array_equal(res, d + d)
+
+    def test_extension_incref_elide_stack(self):
+        # scanning if the refcount == 1 object is on the python stack to check
+        # that we are called directly from python is flawed as object may still
+        # be above the stack pointer and we have no access to the top of it
+        #
+        # def incref_elide_l(d):
+        #    return l[4] + l[4] # PyNumber_Add without increasing refcount
+        from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import incref_elide_l
+        # padding with 1 makes sure the object on the stack is not overwritten
+        l = [1, 1, 1, 1, np.ones(100000)]
+        res = incref_elide_l(l)
+        # the return original should not be changed to an inplace operation
+        assert_array_equal(l[4], np.ones(100000))
+        assert_array_equal(res, l[4] + l[4])
+
+    def test_temporary_with_cast(self):
+        # check that we don't elide into a temporary which would need casting
+        d = np.ones(200000, dtype=np.int64)
+        assert_equal(((d + d) + 2**222).dtype, np.dtype('O'))
+
+        r = ((d + d) / 2)
+        assert_equal(r.dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+
+        r = np.true_divide((d + d), 2)
+        assert_equal(r.dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+
+        r = ((d + d) / 2.)
+        assert_equal(r.dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+
+        r = ((d + d) // 2)
+        assert_equal(r.dtype, np.dtype(np.int64))
+
+        # commutative elision into the astype result
+        f = np.ones(100000, dtype=np.float32)
+        assert_equal(((f + f) + f.astype(np.float64)).dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+
+        # no elision into lower type
+        d = f.astype(np.float64)
+        assert_equal(((f + f) + d).dtype, d.dtype)
+        l = np.ones(100000, dtype=np.longdouble)
+        assert_equal(((d + d) + l).dtype, l.dtype)
+
+        # test unary abs with different output dtype
+        for dt in (np.complex64, np.complex128, np.clongdouble):
+            c = np.ones(100000, dtype=dt)
+            r = abs(c * 2.0)
+            assert_equal(r.dtype, np.dtype('f%d' % (c.itemsize // 2)))
+
+    def test_elide_broadcast(self):
+        # test no elision on broadcast to higher dimension
+        # only triggers elision code path in debug mode as triggering it in
+        # normal mode needs 256kb large matching dimension, so a lot of memory
+        d = np.ones((2000, 1), dtype=int)
+        b = np.ones((2000), dtype=bool)
+        r = (1 - d) + b
+        assert_equal(r, 1)
+        assert_equal(r.shape, (2000, 2000))
+
+    def test_elide_scalar(self):
+        # check inplace op does not create ndarray from scalars
+        a = np.bool_()
+        assert_(type(~(a & a)) is np.bool_)
+
+    def test_elide_scalar_readonly(self):
+        # The imaginary part of a real array is readonly. This needs to go
+        # through fast_scalar_power which is only called for powers of
+        # +1, -1, 0, 0.5, and 2, so use 2. Also need valid refcount for
+        # elision which can be gotten for the imaginary part of a real
+        # array. Should not error.
+        a = np.empty(100000, dtype=np.float64)
+        a.imag ** 2
+
+    def test_elide_readonly(self):
+        # don't try to elide readonly temporaries
+        r = np.asarray(np.broadcast_to(np.zeros(1), 100000).flat) * 0.0
+        assert_equal(r, 0)
+
+    def test_elide_updateifcopy(self):
+        a = np.ones(2**20)[::2]
+        b = a.flat.__array__() + 1
+        del b
+        assert_equal(a, 1)
+
+
+class TestCAPI:
+    def test_IsPythonScalar(self):
+        from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import IsPythonScalar
+        assert_(IsPythonScalar(b'foobar'))
+        assert_(IsPythonScalar(1))
+        assert_(IsPythonScalar(2**80))
+        assert_(IsPythonScalar(2.))
+        assert_(IsPythonScalar("a"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("converter",
+             [_multiarray_tests.run_scalar_intp_converter,
+              _multiarray_tests.run_scalar_intp_from_sequence])
+    def test_intp_sequence_converters(self, converter):
+        # Test simple values (-1 is special for error return paths)
+        assert converter(10) == (10,)
+        assert converter(-1) == (-1,)
+        # A 0-D array looks a bit like a sequence but must take the integer
+        # path:
+        assert converter(np.array(123)) == (123,)
+        # Test simple sequences (intp_from_sequence only supports length 1):
+        assert converter((10,)) == (10,)
+        assert converter(np.array([11])) == (11,)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("converter",
+             [_multiarray_tests.run_scalar_intp_converter,
+              _multiarray_tests.run_scalar_intp_from_sequence])
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYPY and sys.implementation.version <= (7, 3, 8),
+            reason="PyPy bug in error formatting")
+    def test_intp_sequence_converters_errors(self, converter):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+                match="expected a sequence of integers or a single integer, "):
+            converter(object())
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+                match="expected a sequence of integers or a single integer, "
+                      "got '32.0'"):
+            converter(32.)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+                match="'float' object cannot be interpreted as an integer"):
+            converter([32.])
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError,
+                match="Maximum allowed dimension"):
+            # These converters currently convert overflows to a ValueError
+            converter(2**64)
+
+
+class TestSubscripting:
+    def test_test_zero_rank(self):
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_(isinstance(x[0], np.int_))
+        assert_(type(x[0, ...]) is np.ndarray)
+
+
+class TestPickling:
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL >= 5,
+                        reason=('this tests the error messages when trying to'
+                                'protocol 5 although it is not available'))
+    def test_correct_protocol5_error_message(self):
+        array = np.arange(10)
+
+    def test_record_array_with_object_dtype(self):
+        my_object = object()
+
+        arr_with_object = np.array(
+                [(my_object, 1, 2.0)],
+                dtype=[('a', object), ('b', int), ('c', float)])
+        arr_without_object = np.array(
+                [('xxx', 1, 2.0)],
+                dtype=[('a', str), ('b', int), ('c', float)])
+
+        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            depickled_arr_with_object = pickle.loads(
+                    pickle.dumps(arr_with_object, protocol=proto))
+            depickled_arr_without_object = pickle.loads(
+                    pickle.dumps(arr_without_object, protocol=proto))
+
+            assert_equal(arr_with_object.dtype,
+                         depickled_arr_with_object.dtype)
+            assert_equal(arr_without_object.dtype,
+                         depickled_arr_without_object.dtype)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL < 5,
+                        reason="requires pickle protocol 5")
+    def test_f_contiguous_array(self):
+        f_contiguous_array = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], order='F')
+        buffers = []
+
+        # When using pickle protocol 5, Fortran-contiguous arrays can be
+        # serialized using out-of-band buffers
+        bytes_string = pickle.dumps(f_contiguous_array, protocol=5,
+                                    buffer_callback=buffers.append)
+
+        assert len(buffers) > 0
+
+        depickled_f_contiguous_array = pickle.loads(bytes_string,
+                                                    buffers=buffers)
+
+        assert_equal(f_contiguous_array, depickled_f_contiguous_array)
+
+    def test_non_contiguous_array(self):
+        non_contiguous_array = np.arange(12).reshape(3, 4)[:, :2]
+        assert not non_contiguous_array.flags.c_contiguous
+        assert not non_contiguous_array.flags.f_contiguous
+
+        # make sure non-contiguous arrays can be pickled-depickled
+        # using any protocol
+        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            depickled_non_contiguous_array = pickle.loads(
+                    pickle.dumps(non_contiguous_array, protocol=proto))
+
+            assert_equal(non_contiguous_array, depickled_non_contiguous_array)
+
+    def test_roundtrip(self):
+        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            carray = np.array([[2, 9], [7, 0], [3, 8]])
+            DATA = [
+                carray,
+                np.transpose(carray),
+                np.array([('xxx', 1, 2.0)], dtype=[('a', (str, 3)), ('b', int),
+                                                   ('c', float)])
+            ]
+
+            refs = [weakref.ref(a) for a in DATA]
+            for a in DATA:
+                assert_equal(
+                        a, pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(a, protocol=proto)),
+                        err_msg="%r" % a)
+            del a, DATA, carray
+            break_cycles()
+            # check for reference leaks (gh-12793)
+            for ref in refs:
+                assert ref() is None
+
+    def _loads(self, obj):
+        return pickle.loads(obj, encoding='latin1')
+
+    # version 0 pickles, using protocol=2 to pickle
+    # version 0 doesn't have a version field
+    def test_version0_int8(self):
+        s = b'\x80\x02cnumpy.core._internal\n_reconstruct\nq\x01cnumpy\nndarray\nq\x02K\x00\x85U\x01b\x87Rq\x03(K\x04\x85cnumpy\ndtype\nq\x04U\x02i1K\x00K\x01\x87Rq\x05(U\x01|NNJ\xff\xff\xff\xffJ\xff\xff\xff\xfftb\x89U\x04\x01\x02\x03\x04tb.'
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4], dtype=np.int8)
+        p = self._loads(s)
+        assert_equal(a, p)
+
+    def test_version0_float32(self):
+        s = b'\x80\x02cnumpy.core._internal\n_reconstruct\nq\x01cnumpy\nndarray\nq\x02K\x00\x85U\x01b\x87Rq\x03(K\x04\x85cnumpy\ndtype\nq\x04U\x02f4K\x00K\x01\x87Rq\x05(U\x01= g2, [g1[i] >= g2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 < g2, [g1[i] < g2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 > g2, [g1[i] > g2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]])
+
+    def test_mixed(self):
+        g1 = np.array(["spam", "spa", "spammer", "and eggs"])
+        g2 = "spam"
+        assert_array_equal(g1 == g2, [x == g2 for x in g1])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 != g2, [x != g2 for x in g1])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 < g2, [x < g2 for x in g1])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 > g2, [x > g2 for x in g1])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 <= g2, [x <= g2 for x in g1])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 >= g2, [x >= g2 for x in g1])
+
+    def test_unicode(self):
+        g1 = np.array(["This", "is", "example"])
+        g2 = np.array(["This", "was", "example"])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 == g2, [g1[i] == g2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 != g2, [g1[i] != g2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 <= g2, [g1[i] <= g2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 >= g2, [g1[i] >= g2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 < g2,  [g1[i] < g2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]])
+        assert_array_equal(g1 > g2,  [g1[i] > g2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]])
+
+class TestArgmaxArgminCommon:
+
+    sizes = [(), (3,), (3, 2), (2, 3),
+             (3, 3), (2, 3, 4), (4, 3, 2),
+             (1, 2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4, 1),
+             (3, 4, 1, 2), (4, 1, 2, 3),
+             (64,), (128,), (256,)]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("size, axis", itertools.chain(*[[(size, axis)
+        for axis in list(range(-len(size), len(size))) + [None]]
+        for size in sizes]))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('method', [np.argmax, np.argmin])
+    def test_np_argmin_argmax_keepdims(self, size, axis, method):
+
+        arr = np.random.normal(size=size)
+
+        # contiguous arrays
+        if axis is None:
+            new_shape = [1 for _ in range(len(size))]
+        else:
+            new_shape = list(size)
+            new_shape[axis] = 1
+        new_shape = tuple(new_shape)
+
+        _res_orig = method(arr, axis=axis)
+        res_orig = _res_orig.reshape(new_shape)
+        res = method(arr, axis=axis, keepdims=True)
+        assert_equal(res, res_orig)
+        assert_(res.shape == new_shape)
+        outarray = np.empty(res.shape, dtype=res.dtype)
+        res1 = method(arr, axis=axis, out=outarray,
+                            keepdims=True)
+        assert_(res1 is outarray)
+        assert_equal(res, outarray)
+
+        if len(size) > 0:
+            wrong_shape = list(new_shape)
+            if axis is not None:
+                wrong_shape[axis] = 2
+            else:
+                wrong_shape[0] = 2
+            wrong_outarray = np.empty(wrong_shape, dtype=res.dtype)
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                method(arr.T, axis=axis,
+                        out=wrong_outarray, keepdims=True)
+
+        # non-contiguous arrays
+        if axis is None:
+            new_shape = [1 for _ in range(len(size))]
+        else:
+            new_shape = list(size)[::-1]
+            new_shape[axis] = 1
+        new_shape = tuple(new_shape)
+
+        _res_orig = method(arr.T, axis=axis)
+        res_orig = _res_orig.reshape(new_shape)
+        res = method(arr.T, axis=axis, keepdims=True)
+        assert_equal(res, res_orig)
+        assert_(res.shape == new_shape)
+        outarray = np.empty(new_shape[::-1], dtype=res.dtype)
+        outarray = outarray.T
+        res1 = method(arr.T, axis=axis, out=outarray,
+                            keepdims=True)
+        assert_(res1 is outarray)
+        assert_equal(res, outarray)
+
+        if len(size) > 0:
+            # one dimension lesser for non-zero sized
+            # array should raise an error
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                method(arr[0], axis=axis,
+                        out=outarray, keepdims=True)
+
+        if len(size) > 0:
+            wrong_shape = list(new_shape)
+            if axis is not None:
+                wrong_shape[axis] = 2
+            else:
+                wrong_shape[0] = 2
+            wrong_outarray = np.empty(wrong_shape, dtype=res.dtype)
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                method(arr.T, axis=axis,
+                        out=wrong_outarray, keepdims=True)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('method', ['max', 'min'])
+    def test_all(self, method):
+        a = np.random.normal(0, 1, (4, 5, 6, 7, 8))
+        arg_method = getattr(a, 'arg' + method)
+        val_method = getattr(a, method)
+        for i in range(a.ndim):
+            a_maxmin = val_method(i)
+            aarg_maxmin = arg_method(i)
+            axes = list(range(a.ndim))
+            axes.remove(i)
+            assert_(np.all(a_maxmin == aarg_maxmin.choose(
+                                        *a.transpose(i, *axes))))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('method', ['argmax', 'argmin'])
+    def test_output_shape(self, method):
+        # see also gh-616
+        a = np.ones((10, 5))
+        arg_method = getattr(a, method)
+        # Check some simple shape mismatches
+        out = np.ones(11, dtype=np.int_)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, arg_method, -1, out)
+
+        out = np.ones((2, 5), dtype=np.int_)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, arg_method, -1, out)
+
+        # these could be relaxed possibly (used to allow even the previous)
+        out = np.ones((1, 10), dtype=np.int_)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, arg_method, -1, out)
+
+        out = np.ones(10, dtype=np.int_)
+        arg_method(-1, out=out)
+        assert_equal(out, arg_method(-1))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('ndim', [0, 1])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('method', ['argmax', 'argmin'])
+    def test_ret_is_out(self, ndim, method):
+        a = np.ones((4,) + (256,)*ndim)
+        arg_method = getattr(a, method)
+        out = np.empty((256,)*ndim, dtype=np.intp)
+        ret = arg_method(axis=0, out=out)
+        assert ret is out
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('np_array, method, idx, val',
+        [(np.zeros, 'argmax', 5942, "as"),
+         (np.ones, 'argmin', 6001, "0")])
+    def test_unicode(self, np_array, method, idx, val):
+        d = np_array(6031, dtype='= cmin))
+        assert_(np.all(x <= cmax))
+
+    def _clip_type(self, type_group, array_max,
+                   clip_min, clip_max, inplace=False,
+                   expected_min=None, expected_max=None):
+        if expected_min is None:
+            expected_min = clip_min
+        if expected_max is None:
+            expected_max = clip_max
+
+        for T in np.sctypes[type_group]:
+            if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+                byte_orders = ['=', '>']
+            else:
+                byte_orders = ['<', '=']
+
+            for byteorder in byte_orders:
+                dtype = np.dtype(T).newbyteorder(byteorder)
+
+                x = (np.random.random(1000) * array_max).astype(dtype)
+                if inplace:
+                    # The tests that call us pass clip_min and clip_max that
+                    # might not fit in the destination dtype. They were written
+                    # assuming the previous unsafe casting, which now must be
+                    # passed explicitly to avoid a warning.
+                    x.clip(clip_min, clip_max, x, casting='unsafe')
+                else:
+                    x = x.clip(clip_min, clip_max)
+                    byteorder = '='
+
+                if x.dtype.byteorder == '|':
+                    byteorder = '|'
+                assert_equal(x.dtype.byteorder, byteorder)
+                self._check_range(x, expected_min, expected_max)
+        return x
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        for inplace in [False, True]:
+            self._clip_type(
+                'float', 1024, -12.8, 100.2, inplace=inplace)
+            self._clip_type(
+                'float', 1024, 0, 0, inplace=inplace)
+
+            self._clip_type(
+                'int', 1024, -120, 100, inplace=inplace)
+            self._clip_type(
+                'int', 1024, 0, 0, inplace=inplace)
+
+            self._clip_type(
+                'uint', 1024, 0, 0, inplace=inplace)
+            self._clip_type(
+                'uint', 1024, -120, 100, inplace=inplace, expected_min=0)
+
+    def test_record_array(self):
+        rec = np.array([(-5, 2.0, 3.0), (5.0, 4.0, 3.0)],
+                       dtype=[('x', '= 3))
+        x = val.clip(min=3)
+        assert_(np.all(x >= 3))
+        x = val.clip(max=4)
+        assert_(np.all(x <= 4))
+
+    def test_nan(self):
+        input_arr = np.array([-2., np.nan, 0.5, 3., 0.25, np.nan])
+        result = input_arr.clip(-1, 1)
+        expected = np.array([-1., np.nan, 0.5, 1., 0.25, np.nan])
+        assert_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+class TestCompress:
+    def test_axis(self):
+        tgt = [[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]]
+        arr = np.arange(10).reshape(2, 5)
+        out = np.compress([0, 1], arr, axis=0)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+        tgt = [[1, 3], [6, 8]]
+        out = np.compress([0, 1, 0, 1, 0], arr, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    def test_truncate(self):
+        tgt = [[1], [6]]
+        arr = np.arange(10).reshape(2, 5)
+        out = np.compress([0, 1], arr, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    def test_flatten(self):
+        arr = np.arange(10).reshape(2, 5)
+        out = np.compress([0, 1], arr)
+        assert_equal(out, 1)
+
+
+class TestPutmask:
+    def tst_basic(self, x, T, mask, val):
+        np.putmask(x, mask, val)
+        assert_equal(x[mask], np.array(val, T))
+
+    def test_ip_types(self):
+        unchecked_types = [bytes, str, np.void]
+
+        x = np.random.random(1000)*100
+        mask = x < 40
+
+        for val in [-100, 0, 15]:
+            for types in np.sctypes.values():
+                for T in types:
+                    if T not in unchecked_types:
+                        if val < 0 and np.dtype(T).kind == "u":
+                            val = np.iinfo(T).max - 99
+                        self.tst_basic(x.copy().astype(T), T, mask, val)
+
+            # Also test string of a length which uses an untypical length
+            dt = np.dtype("S3")
+            self.tst_basic(x.astype(dt), dt.type, mask, dt.type(val)[:3])
+
+    def test_mask_size(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.putmask, np.array([1, 2, 3]), [True], 5)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', ('>i4', 'f8'), ('z', '= 2, 3)
+
+    def test_kwargs(self):
+        x = np.array([0, 0])
+        np.putmask(x, [0, 1], [-1, -2])
+        assert_array_equal(x, [0, -2])
+
+        x = np.array([0, 0])
+        np.putmask(x, mask=[0, 1], values=[-1, -2])
+        assert_array_equal(x, [0, -2])
+
+        x = np.array([0, 0])
+        np.putmask(x, values=[-1, -2],  mask=[0, 1])
+        assert_array_equal(x, [0, -2])
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.putmask(a=x, values=[-1, -2],  mask=[0, 1])
+
+
+class TestTake:
+    def tst_basic(self, x):
+        ind = list(range(x.shape[0]))
+        assert_array_equal(x.take(ind, axis=0), x)
+
+    def test_ip_types(self):
+        unchecked_types = [bytes, str, np.void]
+
+        x = np.random.random(24)*100
+        x.shape = 2, 3, 4
+        for types in np.sctypes.values():
+            for T in types:
+                if T not in unchecked_types:
+                    self.tst_basic(x.copy().astype(T))
+
+            # Also test string of a length which uses an untypical length
+            self.tst_basic(x.astype("S3"))
+
+    def test_raise(self):
+        x = np.random.random(24)*100
+        x.shape = 2, 3, 4
+        assert_raises(IndexError, x.take, [0, 1, 2], axis=0)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, x.take, [-3], axis=0)
+        assert_array_equal(x.take([-1], axis=0)[0], x[1])
+
+    def test_clip(self):
+        x = np.random.random(24)*100
+        x.shape = 2, 3, 4
+        assert_array_equal(x.take([-1], axis=0, mode='clip')[0], x[0])
+        assert_array_equal(x.take([2], axis=0, mode='clip')[0], x[1])
+
+    def test_wrap(self):
+        x = np.random.random(24)*100
+        x.shape = 2, 3, 4
+        assert_array_equal(x.take([-1], axis=0, mode='wrap')[0], x[1])
+        assert_array_equal(x.take([2], axis=0, mode='wrap')[0], x[0])
+        assert_array_equal(x.take([3], axis=0, mode='wrap')[0], x[1])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', ('>i4', 'f8'), ('z', ' 16MB
+        d = np.zeros(4 * 1024 ** 2)
+        d.tofile(tmp_filename)
+        assert_equal(os.path.getsize(tmp_filename), d.nbytes)
+        assert_array_equal(d, np.fromfile(tmp_filename))
+        # check offset
+        with open(tmp_filename, "r+b") as f:
+            f.seek(d.nbytes)
+            d.tofile(f)
+            assert_equal(os.path.getsize(tmp_filename), d.nbytes * 2)
+        # check append mode (gh-8329)
+        open(tmp_filename, "w").close()  # delete file contents
+        with open(tmp_filename, "ab") as f:
+            d.tofile(f)
+        assert_array_equal(d, np.fromfile(tmp_filename))
+        with open(tmp_filename, "ab") as f:
+            d.tofile(f)
+        assert_equal(os.path.getsize(tmp_filename), d.nbytes * 2)
+
+    def test_io_open_buffered_fromfile(self, x, tmp_filename):
+        # gh-6632
+        x.tofile(tmp_filename)
+        with io.open(tmp_filename, 'rb', buffering=-1) as f:
+            y = np.fromfile(f, dtype=x.dtype)
+        assert_array_equal(y, x.flat)
+
+    def test_file_position_after_fromfile(self, tmp_filename):
+        # gh-4118
+        sizes = [io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE//8,
+                 io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE,
+                 io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE*8]
+
+        for size in sizes:
+            with open(tmp_filename, 'wb') as f:
+                f.seek(size-1)
+                f.write(b'\0')
+
+            for mode in ['rb', 'r+b']:
+                err_msg = "%d %s" % (size, mode)
+
+                with open(tmp_filename, mode) as f:
+                    f.read(2)
+                    np.fromfile(f, dtype=np.float64, count=1)
+                    pos = f.tell()
+                assert_equal(pos, 10, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+    def test_file_position_after_tofile(self, tmp_filename):
+        # gh-4118
+        sizes = [io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE//8,
+                 io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE,
+                 io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE*8]
+
+        for size in sizes:
+            err_msg = "%d" % (size,)
+
+            with open(tmp_filename, 'wb') as f:
+                f.seek(size-1)
+                f.write(b'\0')
+                f.seek(10)
+                f.write(b'12')
+                np.array([0], dtype=np.float64).tofile(f)
+                pos = f.tell()
+            assert_equal(pos, 10 + 2 + 8, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+            with open(tmp_filename, 'r+b') as f:
+                f.read(2)
+                f.seek(0, 1)  # seek between read&write required by ANSI C
+                np.array([0], dtype=np.float64).tofile(f)
+                pos = f.tell()
+            assert_equal(pos, 10, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+    def test_load_object_array_fromfile(self, tmp_filename):
+        # gh-12300
+        with open(tmp_filename, 'w') as f:
+            # Ensure we have a file with consistent contents
+            pass
+
+        with open(tmp_filename, 'rb') as f:
+            assert_raises_regex(ValueError, "Cannot read into object array",
+                                np.fromfile, f, dtype=object)
+
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, "Cannot read into object array",
+                            np.fromfile, tmp_filename, dtype=object)
+
+    def test_fromfile_offset(self, x, tmp_filename):
+        with open(tmp_filename, 'wb') as f:
+            x.tofile(f)
+
+        with open(tmp_filename, 'rb') as f:
+            y = np.fromfile(f, dtype=x.dtype, offset=0)
+            assert_array_equal(y, x.flat)
+
+        with open(tmp_filename, 'rb') as f:
+            count_items = len(x.flat) // 8
+            offset_items = len(x.flat) // 4
+            offset_bytes = x.dtype.itemsize * offset_items
+            y = np.fromfile(
+                f, dtype=x.dtype, count=count_items, offset=offset_bytes
+            )
+            assert_array_equal(
+                y, x.flat[offset_items:offset_items+count_items]
+            )
+
+            # subsequent seeks should stack
+            offset_bytes = x.dtype.itemsize
+            z = np.fromfile(f, dtype=x.dtype, offset=offset_bytes)
+            assert_array_equal(z, x.flat[offset_items+count_items+1:])
+
+        with open(tmp_filename, 'wb') as f:
+            x.tofile(f, sep=",")
+
+        with open(tmp_filename, 'rb') as f:
+            assert_raises_regex(
+                    TypeError,
+                    "'offset' argument only permitted for binary files",
+                    np.fromfile, tmp_filename, dtype=x.dtype,
+                    sep=",", offset=1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYPY, reason="bug in PyPy's PyNumber_AsSsize_t")
+    def test_fromfile_bad_dup(self, x, tmp_filename):
+        def dup_str(fd):
+            return 'abc'
+
+        def dup_bigint(fd):
+            return 2**68
+
+        old_dup = os.dup
+        try:
+            with open(tmp_filename, 'wb') as f:
+                x.tofile(f)
+                for dup, exc in ((dup_str, TypeError), (dup_bigint, OSError)):
+                    os.dup = dup
+                    assert_raises(exc, np.fromfile, f)
+        finally:
+            os.dup = old_dup
+
+    def _check_from(self, s, value, filename, **kw):
+        if 'sep' not in kw:
+            y = np.frombuffer(s, **kw)
+        else:
+            y = np.fromstring(s, **kw)
+        assert_array_equal(y, value)
+
+        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(s)
+        y = np.fromfile(filename, **kw)
+        assert_array_equal(y, value)
+
+    @pytest.fixture(params=["period", "comma"])
+    def decimal_sep_localization(self, request):
+        """
+        Including this fixture in a test will automatically
+        execute it with both types of decimal separator.
+
+        So::
+
+            def test_decimal(decimal_sep_localization):
+                pass
+
+        is equivalent to the following two tests::
+
+            def test_decimal_period_separator():
+                pass
+
+            def test_decimal_comma_separator():
+                with CommaDecimalPointLocale():
+                    pass
+        """
+        if request.param == "period":
+            yield
+        elif request.param == "comma":
+            with CommaDecimalPointLocale():
+                yield
+        else:
+            assert False, request.param
+
+    def test_nan(self, tmp_filename, decimal_sep_localization):
+        self._check_from(
+            b"nan +nan -nan NaN nan(foo) +NaN(BAR) -NAN(q_u_u_x_)",
+            [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan],
+            tmp_filename,
+            sep=' ')
+
+    def test_inf(self, tmp_filename, decimal_sep_localization):
+        self._check_from(
+            b"inf +inf -inf infinity -Infinity iNfInItY -inF",
+            [np.inf, np.inf, -np.inf, np.inf, -np.inf, np.inf, -np.inf],
+            tmp_filename,
+            sep=' ')
+
+    def test_numbers(self, tmp_filename, decimal_sep_localization):
+        self._check_from(
+            b"1.234 -1.234 .3 .3e55 -123133.1231e+133",
+            [1.234, -1.234, .3, .3e55, -123133.1231e+133],
+            tmp_filename,
+            sep=' ')
+
+    def test_binary(self, tmp_filename):
+        self._check_from(
+            b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00\x00@\x00\x00@@\x00\x00\x80@',
+            np.array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
+            tmp_filename,
+            dtype=''])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', [float, int, complex])
+    def test_basic(self, byteorder, dtype):
+        dt = np.dtype(dtype).newbyteorder(byteorder)
+        x = (np.random.random((4, 7)) * 5).astype(dt)
+        buf = x.tobytes()
+        assert_array_equal(np.frombuffer(buf, dtype=dt), x.flat)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("obj", [np.arange(10), b"12345678"])
+    def test_array_base(self, obj):
+        # Objects (including NumPy arrays), which do not use the
+        # `release_buffer` slot should be directly used as a base object.
+        # See also gh-21612
+        new = np.frombuffer(obj)
+        assert new.base is obj
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        assert_array_equal(np.frombuffer(b''), np.array([]))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYPY,
+            reason="PyPy's memoryview currently does not track exports. See: "
+                   "https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3724")
+    def test_mmap_close(self):
+        # The old buffer protocol was not safe for some things that the new
+        # one is.  But `frombuffer` always used the old one for a long time.
+        # Checks that it is safe with the new one (using memoryviews)
+        with tempfile.TemporaryFile(mode='wb') as tmp:
+            tmp.write(b"asdf")
+            tmp.flush()
+            mm = mmap.mmap(tmp.fileno(), 0)
+            arr = np.frombuffer(mm, dtype=np.uint8)
+            with pytest.raises(BufferError):
+                mm.close()  # cannot close while array uses the buffer
+            del arr
+            mm.close()
+
+class TestFlat:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        a0 = np.arange(20.0)
+        a = a0.reshape(4, 5)
+        a0.shape = (4, 5)
+        a.flags.writeable = False
+        self.a = a
+        self.b = a[::2, ::2]
+        self.a0 = a0
+        self.b0 = a0[::2, ::2]
+
+    def test_contiguous(self):
+        testpassed = False
+        try:
+            self.a.flat[12] = 100.0
+        except ValueError:
+            testpassed = True
+        assert_(testpassed)
+        assert_(self.a.flat[12] == 12.0)
+
+    def test_discontiguous(self):
+        testpassed = False
+        try:
+            self.b.flat[4] = 100.0
+        except ValueError:
+            testpassed = True
+        assert_(testpassed)
+        assert_(self.b.flat[4] == 12.0)
+
+    def test___array__(self):
+        c = self.a.flat.__array__()
+        d = self.b.flat.__array__()
+        e = self.a0.flat.__array__()
+        f = self.b0.flat.__array__()
+
+        assert_(c.flags.writeable is False)
+        assert_(d.flags.writeable is False)
+        assert_(e.flags.writeable is True)
+        assert_(f.flags.writeable is False)
+        assert_(c.flags.writebackifcopy is False)
+        assert_(d.flags.writebackifcopy is False)
+        assert_(e.flags.writebackifcopy is False)
+        assert_(f.flags.writebackifcopy is False)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_REFCOUNT, reason="Python lacks refcounts")
+    def test_refcount(self):
+        # includes regression test for reference count error gh-13165
+        inds = [np.intp(0), np.array([True]*self.a.size), np.array([0]), None]
+        indtype = np.dtype(np.intp)
+        rc_indtype = sys.getrefcount(indtype)
+        for ind in inds:
+            rc_ind = sys.getrefcount(ind)
+            for _ in range(100):
+                try:
+                    self.a.flat[ind]
+                except IndexError:
+                    pass
+            assert_(abs(sys.getrefcount(ind) - rc_ind) < 50)
+            assert_(abs(sys.getrefcount(indtype) - rc_indtype) < 50)
+
+    def test_index_getset(self):
+        it = np.arange(10).reshape(2, 1, 5).flat
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+            it.index = 10
+
+        for _ in it:
+            pass
+        # Check the value of `.index` is updated correctly (see also gh-19153)
+        # If the type was incorrect, this would show up on big-endian machines
+        assert it.index == it.base.size
+
+
+class TestResize:
+
+    @_no_tracing
+    def test_basic(self):
+        x = np.array([[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]])
+        if IS_PYPY:
+            x.resize((5, 5), refcheck=False)
+        else:
+            x.resize((5, 5))
+        assert_array_equal(x.flat[:9],
+                np.array([[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]]).flat)
+        assert_array_equal(x[9:].flat, 0)
+
+    def test_check_reference(self):
+        x = np.array([[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]])
+        y = x
+        assert_raises(ValueError, x.resize, (5, 1))
+        del y  # avoid pyflakes unused variable warning.
+
+    @_no_tracing
+    def test_int_shape(self):
+        x = np.eye(3)
+        if IS_PYPY:
+            x.resize(3, refcheck=False)
+        else:
+            x.resize(3)
+        assert_array_equal(x, np.eye(3)[0,:])
+
+    def test_none_shape(self):
+        x = np.eye(3)
+        x.resize(None)
+        assert_array_equal(x, np.eye(3))
+        x.resize()
+        assert_array_equal(x, np.eye(3))
+
+    def test_0d_shape(self):
+        # to it multiple times to test it does not break alloc cache gh-9216
+        for i in range(10):
+            x = np.empty((1,))
+            x.resize(())
+            assert_equal(x.shape, ())
+            assert_equal(x.size, 1)
+            x = np.empty(())
+            x.resize((1,))
+            assert_equal(x.shape, (1,))
+            assert_equal(x.size, 1)
+
+    def test_invalid_arguments(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.eye(3).resize, 'hi')
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.eye(3).resize, -1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.eye(3).resize, order=1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.eye(3).resize, refcheck='hi')
+
+    @_no_tracing
+    def test_freeform_shape(self):
+        x = np.eye(3)
+        if IS_PYPY:
+            x.resize(3, 2, 1, refcheck=False)
+        else:
+            x.resize(3, 2, 1)
+        assert_(x.shape == (3, 2, 1))
+
+    @_no_tracing
+    def test_zeros_appended(self):
+        x = np.eye(3)
+        if IS_PYPY:
+            x.resize(2, 3, 3, refcheck=False)
+        else:
+            x.resize(2, 3, 3)
+        assert_array_equal(x[0], np.eye(3))
+        assert_array_equal(x[1], np.zeros((3, 3)))
+
+    @_no_tracing
+    def test_obj_obj(self):
+        # check memory is initialized on resize, gh-4857
+        a = np.ones(10, dtype=[('k', object, 2)])
+        if IS_PYPY:
+            a.resize(15, refcheck=False)
+        else:
+            a.resize(15,)
+        assert_equal(a.shape, (15,))
+        assert_array_equal(a['k'][-5:], 0)
+        assert_array_equal(a['k'][:-5], 1)
+
+    def test_empty_view(self):
+        # check that sizes containing a zero don't trigger a reallocate for
+        # already empty arrays
+        x = np.zeros((10, 0), int)
+        x_view = x[...]
+        x_view.resize((0, 10))
+        x_view.resize((0, 100))
+
+    def test_check_weakref(self):
+        x = np.array([[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]])
+        xref = weakref.ref(x)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, x.resize, (5, 1))
+        del xref  # avoid pyflakes unused variable warning.
+
+
+class TestRecord:
+    def test_field_rename(self):
+        dt = np.dtype([('f', float), ('i', int)])
+        dt.names = ['p', 'q']
+        assert_equal(dt.names, ['p', 'q'])
+
+    def test_multiple_field_name_occurrence(self):
+        def test_dtype_init():
+            np.dtype([("A", "f8"), ("B", "f8"), ("A", "f8")])
+
+        # Error raised when multiple fields have the same name
+        assert_raises(ValueError, test_dtype_init)
+
+    def test_bytes_fields(self):
+        # Bytes are not allowed in field names and not recognized in titles
+        # on Py3
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, [(b'a', int)])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, [(('b', b'a'), int)])
+
+        dt = np.dtype([((b'a', 'b'), int)])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, dt.__getitem__, b'a')
+
+        x = np.array([(1,), (2,), (3,)], dtype=dt)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, x.__getitem__, b'a')
+
+        y = x[0]
+        assert_raises(IndexError, y.__getitem__, b'a')
+
+    def test_multiple_field_name_unicode(self):
+        def test_dtype_unicode():
+            np.dtype([("\u20B9", "f8"), ("B", "f8"), ("\u20B9", "f8")])
+
+        # Error raised when multiple fields have the same name(unicode included)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, test_dtype_unicode)
+
+    def test_fromarrays_unicode(self):
+        # A single name string provided to fromarrays() is allowed to be unicode
+        # on both Python 2 and 3:
+        x = np.core.records.fromarrays(
+            [[0], [1]], names='a,b', formats='i4,i4')
+        assert_equal(x['a'][0], 0)
+        assert_equal(x['b'][0], 1)
+
+    def test_unicode_order(self):
+        # Test that we can sort with order as a unicode field name in both Python 2 and
+        # 3:
+        name = 'b'
+        x = np.array([1, 3, 2], dtype=[(name, int)])
+        x.sort(order=name)
+        assert_equal(x['b'], np.array([1, 2, 3]))
+
+    def test_field_names(self):
+        # Test unicode and 8-bit / byte strings can be used
+        a = np.zeros((1,), dtype=[('f1', 'i4'),
+                                  ('f2', 'i4'),
+                                  ('f3', [('sf1', 'i4')])])
+        # byte string indexing fails gracefully
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__setitem__, b'f1', 1)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a.__getitem__, b'f1')
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a['f1'].__setitem__, b'sf1', 1)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, a['f1'].__getitem__, b'sf1')
+        b = a.copy()
+        fn1 = str('f1')
+        b[fn1] = 1
+        assert_equal(b[fn1], 1)
+        fnn = str('not at all')
+        assert_raises(ValueError, b.__setitem__, fnn, 1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, b.__getitem__, fnn)
+        b[0][fn1] = 2
+        assert_equal(b[fn1], 2)
+        # Subfield
+        assert_raises(ValueError, b[0].__setitem__, fnn, 1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, b[0].__getitem__, fnn)
+        # Subfield
+        fn3 = str('f3')
+        sfn1 = str('sf1')
+        b[fn3][sfn1] = 1
+        assert_equal(b[fn3][sfn1], 1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, b[fn3].__setitem__, fnn, 1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, b[fn3].__getitem__, fnn)
+        # multiple subfields
+        fn2 = str('f2')
+        b[fn2] = 3
+
+        assert_equal(b[['f1', 'f2']][0].tolist(), (2, 3))
+        assert_equal(b[['f2', 'f1']][0].tolist(), (3, 2))
+        assert_equal(b[['f1', 'f3']][0].tolist(), (2, (1,)))
+
+        # non-ascii unicode field indexing is well behaved
+        assert_raises(ValueError, a.__setitem__, '\u03e0', 1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, a.__getitem__, '\u03e0')
+
+    def test_record_hash(self):
+        a = np.array([(1, 2), (1, 2)], dtype='i1,i2')
+        a.flags.writeable = False
+        b = np.array([(1, 2), (3, 4)], dtype=[('num1', 'i1'), ('num2', 'i2')])
+        b.flags.writeable = False
+        c = np.array([(1, 2), (3, 4)], dtype='i1,i2')
+        c.flags.writeable = False
+        assert_(hash(a[0]) == hash(a[1]))
+        assert_(hash(a[0]) == hash(b[0]))
+        assert_(hash(a[0]) != hash(b[1]))
+        assert_(hash(c[0]) == hash(a[0]) and c[0] == a[0])
+
+    def test_record_no_hash(self):
+        a = np.array([(1, 2), (1, 2)], dtype='i1,i2')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, hash, a[0])
+
+    def test_empty_structure_creation(self):
+        # make sure these do not raise errors (gh-5631)
+        np.array([()], dtype={'names': [], 'formats': [],
+                           'offsets': [], 'itemsize': 12})
+        np.array([(), (), (), (), ()], dtype={'names': [], 'formats': [],
+                                           'offsets': [], 'itemsize': 12})
+
+    def test_multifield_indexing_view(self):
+        a = np.ones(3, dtype=[('a', 'i4'), ('b', 'f4'), ('c', 'u4')])
+        v = a[['a', 'c']]
+        assert_(v.base is a)
+        assert_(v.dtype == np.dtype({'names': ['a', 'c'],
+                                     'formats': ['i4', 'u4'],
+                                     'offsets': [0, 8]}))
+        v[:] = (4,5)
+        assert_equal(a[0].item(), (4, 1, 5))
+
+class TestView:
+    def test_basic(self):
+        x = np.array([(1, 2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8)],
+                     dtype=[('r', np.int8), ('g', np.int8),
+                            ('b', np.int8), ('a', np.int8)])
+        # We must be specific about the endianness here:
+        y = x.view(dtype=' 0)
+                    assert_(issubclass(w[0].category, RuntimeWarning))
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        A = np.zeros((0, 3))
+        for f in self.funcs:
+            for axis in [0, None]:
+                with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+                    warnings.simplefilter('always')
+                    assert_(np.isnan(f(A, axis=axis)).all())
+                    assert_(len(w) > 0)
+                    assert_(issubclass(w[0].category, RuntimeWarning))
+            for axis in [1]:
+                with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+                    warnings.simplefilter('always')
+                    assert_equal(f(A, axis=axis), np.zeros([]))
+
+    def test_mean_values(self):
+        for mat in [self.rmat, self.cmat, self.omat]:
+            for axis in [0, 1]:
+                tgt = mat.sum(axis=axis)
+                res = _mean(mat, axis=axis) * mat.shape[axis]
+                assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+            for axis in [None]:
+                tgt = mat.sum(axis=axis)
+                res = _mean(mat, axis=axis) * np.prod(mat.shape)
+                assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_mean_float16(self):
+        # This fail if the sum inside mean is done in float16 instead
+        # of float32.
+        assert_(_mean(np.ones(100000, dtype='float16')) == 1)
+
+    def test_mean_axis_error(self):
+        # Ensure that AxisError is raised instead of IndexError when axis is
+        # out of bounds, see gh-15817.
+        with assert_raises(np.exceptions.AxisError):
+            np.arange(10).mean(axis=2)
+
+    def test_mean_where(self):
+        a = np.arange(16).reshape((4, 4))
+        wh_full = np.array([[False, True, False, True],
+                            [True, False, True, False],
+                            [True, True, False, False],
+                            [False, False, True, True]])
+        wh_partial = np.array([[False],
+                               [True],
+                               [True],
+                               [False]])
+        _cases = [(1, True, [1.5, 5.5, 9.5, 13.5]),
+                  (0, wh_full, [6., 5., 10., 9.]),
+                  (1, wh_full, [2., 5., 8.5, 14.5]),
+                  (0, wh_partial, [6., 7., 8., 9.])]
+        for _ax, _wh, _res in _cases:
+            assert_allclose(a.mean(axis=_ax, where=_wh),
+                            np.array(_res))
+            assert_allclose(np.mean(a, axis=_ax, where=_wh),
+                            np.array(_res))
+
+        a3d = np.arange(16).reshape((2, 2, 4))
+        _wh_partial = np.array([False, True, True, False])
+        _res = [[1.5, 5.5], [9.5, 13.5]]
+        assert_allclose(a3d.mean(axis=2, where=_wh_partial),
+                        np.array(_res))
+        assert_allclose(np.mean(a3d, axis=2, where=_wh_partial),
+                        np.array(_res))
+
+        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning) as w:
+            assert_allclose(a.mean(axis=1, where=wh_partial),
+                            np.array([np.nan, 5.5, 9.5, np.nan]))
+        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning) as w:
+            assert_equal(a.mean(where=False), np.nan)
+        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning) as w:
+            assert_equal(np.mean(a, where=False), np.nan)
+
+    def test_var_values(self):
+        for mat in [self.rmat, self.cmat, self.omat]:
+            for axis in [0, 1, None]:
+                msqr = _mean(mat * mat.conj(), axis=axis)
+                mean = _mean(mat, axis=axis)
+                tgt = msqr - mean * mean.conjugate()
+                res = _var(mat, axis=axis)
+                assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('complex_dtype', 'ndec'), (
+        ('complex64', 6),
+        ('complex128', 7),
+        ('clongdouble', 7),
+    ))
+    def test_var_complex_values(self, complex_dtype, ndec):
+        # Test fast-paths for every builtin complex type
+        for axis in [0, 1, None]:
+            mat = self.cmat.copy().astype(complex_dtype)
+            msqr = _mean(mat * mat.conj(), axis=axis)
+            mean = _mean(mat, axis=axis)
+            tgt = msqr - mean * mean.conjugate()
+            res = _var(mat, axis=axis)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=ndec)
+
+    def test_var_dimensions(self):
+        # _var paths for complex number introduce additions on views that
+        # increase dimensions. Ensure this generalizes to higher dims
+        mat = np.stack([self.cmat]*3)
+        for axis in [0, 1, 2, -1, None]:
+            msqr = _mean(mat * mat.conj(), axis=axis)
+            mean = _mean(mat, axis=axis)
+            tgt = msqr - mean * mean.conjugate()
+            res = _var(mat, axis=axis)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_var_complex_byteorder(self):
+        # Test that var fast-path does not cause failures for complex arrays
+        # with non-native byteorder
+        cmat = self.cmat.copy().astype('complex128')
+        cmat_swapped = cmat.astype(cmat.dtype.newbyteorder())
+        assert_almost_equal(cmat.var(), cmat_swapped.var())
+
+    def test_var_axis_error(self):
+        # Ensure that AxisError is raised instead of IndexError when axis is
+        # out of bounds, see gh-15817.
+        with assert_raises(np.exceptions.AxisError):
+            np.arange(10).var(axis=2)
+
+    def test_var_where(self):
+        a = np.arange(25).reshape((5, 5))
+        wh_full = np.array([[False, True, False, True, True],
+                            [True, False, True, True, False],
+                            [True, True, False, False, True],
+                            [False, True, True, False, True],
+                            [True, False, True, True, False]])
+        wh_partial = np.array([[False],
+                               [True],
+                               [True],
+                               [False],
+                               [True]])
+        _cases = [(0, True, [50., 50., 50., 50., 50.]),
+                  (1, True, [2., 2., 2., 2., 2.])]
+        for _ax, _wh, _res in _cases:
+            assert_allclose(a.var(axis=_ax, where=_wh),
+                            np.array(_res))
+            assert_allclose(np.var(a, axis=_ax, where=_wh),
+                            np.array(_res))
+
+        a3d = np.arange(16).reshape((2, 2, 4))
+        _wh_partial = np.array([False, True, True, False])
+        _res = [[0.25, 0.25], [0.25, 0.25]]
+        assert_allclose(a3d.var(axis=2, where=_wh_partial),
+                        np.array(_res))
+        assert_allclose(np.var(a3d, axis=2, where=_wh_partial),
+                        np.array(_res))
+
+        assert_allclose(np.var(a, axis=1, where=wh_full),
+                        np.var(a[wh_full].reshape((5, 3)), axis=1))
+        assert_allclose(np.var(a, axis=0, where=wh_partial),
+                        np.var(a[wh_partial[:,0]], axis=0))
+        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning) as w:
+            assert_equal(a.var(where=False), np.nan)
+        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning) as w:
+            assert_equal(np.var(a, where=False), np.nan)
+
+    def test_std_values(self):
+        for mat in [self.rmat, self.cmat, self.omat]:
+            for axis in [0, 1, None]:
+                tgt = np.sqrt(_var(mat, axis=axis))
+                res = _std(mat, axis=axis)
+                assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_std_where(self):
+        a = np.arange(25).reshape((5,5))[::-1]
+        whf = np.array([[False, True, False, True, True],
+                        [True, False, True, False, True],
+                        [True, True, False, True, False],
+                        [True, False, True, True, False],
+                        [False, True, False, True, True]])
+        whp = np.array([[False],
+                        [False],
+                        [True],
+                        [True],
+                        [False]])
+        _cases = [
+            (0, True, 7.07106781*np.ones((5))),
+            (1, True, 1.41421356*np.ones((5))),
+            (0, whf,
+             np.array([4.0824829 , 8.16496581, 5., 7.39509973, 8.49836586])),
+            (0, whp, 2.5*np.ones((5)))
+        ]
+        for _ax, _wh, _res in _cases:
+            assert_allclose(a.std(axis=_ax, where=_wh), _res)
+            assert_allclose(np.std(a, axis=_ax, where=_wh), _res)
+
+        a3d = np.arange(16).reshape((2, 2, 4))
+        _wh_partial = np.array([False, True, True, False])
+        _res = [[0.5, 0.5], [0.5, 0.5]]
+        assert_allclose(a3d.std(axis=2, where=_wh_partial),
+                        np.array(_res))
+        assert_allclose(np.std(a3d, axis=2, where=_wh_partial),
+                        np.array(_res))
+
+        assert_allclose(a.std(axis=1, where=whf),
+                        np.std(a[whf].reshape((5,3)), axis=1))
+        assert_allclose(np.std(a, axis=1, where=whf),
+                        (a[whf].reshape((5,3))).std(axis=1))
+        assert_allclose(a.std(axis=0, where=whp),
+                        np.std(a[whp[:,0]], axis=0))
+        assert_allclose(np.std(a, axis=0, where=whp),
+                        (a[whp[:,0]]).std(axis=0))
+        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning) as w:
+            assert_equal(a.std(where=False), np.nan)
+        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning) as w:
+            assert_equal(np.std(a, where=False), np.nan)
+
+    def test_subclass(self):
+        class TestArray(np.ndarray):
+            def __new__(cls, data, info):
+                result = np.array(data)
+                result = result.view(cls)
+                result.info = info
+                return result
+
+            def __array_finalize__(self, obj):
+                self.info = getattr(obj, "info", '')
+
+        dat = TestArray([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]], 'jubba')
+        res = dat.mean(1)
+        assert_(res.info == dat.info)
+        res = dat.std(1)
+        assert_(res.info == dat.info)
+        res = dat.var(1)
+        assert_(res.info == dat.info)
+
+
+class TestVdot:
+    def test_basic(self):
+        dt_numeric = np.typecodes['AllFloat'] + np.typecodes['AllInteger']
+        dt_complex = np.typecodes['Complex']
+
+        # test real
+        a = np.eye(3)
+        for dt in dt_numeric + 'O':
+            b = a.astype(dt)
+            res = np.vdot(b, b)
+            assert_(np.isscalar(res))
+            assert_equal(np.vdot(b, b), 3)
+
+        # test complex
+        a = np.eye(3) * 1j
+        for dt in dt_complex + 'O':
+            b = a.astype(dt)
+            res = np.vdot(b, b)
+            assert_(np.isscalar(res))
+            assert_equal(np.vdot(b, b), 3)
+
+        # test boolean
+        b = np.eye(3, dtype=bool)
+        res = np.vdot(b, b)
+        assert_(np.isscalar(res))
+        assert_equal(np.vdot(b, b), True)
+
+    def test_vdot_array_order(self):
+        a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], order='C')
+        b = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], order='F')
+        res = np.vdot(a, a)
+
+        # integer arrays are exact
+        assert_equal(np.vdot(a, b), res)
+        assert_equal(np.vdot(b, a), res)
+        assert_equal(np.vdot(b, b), res)
+
+    def test_vdot_uncontiguous(self):
+        for size in [2, 1000]:
+            # Different sizes match different branches in vdot.
+            a = np.zeros((size, 2, 2))
+            b = np.zeros((size, 2, 2))
+            a[:, 0, 0] = np.arange(size)
+            b[:, 0, 0] = np.arange(size) + 1
+            # Make a and b uncontiguous:
+            a = a[..., 0]
+            b = b[..., 0]
+
+            assert_equal(np.vdot(a, b),
+                         np.vdot(a.flatten(), b.flatten()))
+            assert_equal(np.vdot(a, b.copy()),
+                         np.vdot(a.flatten(), b.flatten()))
+            assert_equal(np.vdot(a.copy(), b),
+                         np.vdot(a.flatten(), b.flatten()))
+            assert_equal(np.vdot(a.copy('F'), b),
+                         np.vdot(a.flatten(), b.flatten()))
+            assert_equal(np.vdot(a, b.copy('F')),
+                         np.vdot(a.flatten(), b.flatten()))
+
+
+class TestDot:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        np.random.seed(128)
+        self.A = np.random.rand(4, 2)
+        self.b1 = np.random.rand(2, 1)
+        self.b2 = np.random.rand(2)
+        self.b3 = np.random.rand(1, 2)
+        self.b4 = np.random.rand(4)
+        self.N = 7
+
+    def test_dotmatmat(self):
+        A = self.A
+        res = np.dot(A.transpose(), A)
+        tgt = np.array([[1.45046013, 0.86323640],
+                        [0.86323640, 0.84934569]])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_dotmatvec(self):
+        A, b1 = self.A, self.b1
+        res = np.dot(A, b1)
+        tgt = np.array([[0.32114320], [0.04889721],
+                        [0.15696029], [0.33612621]])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_dotmatvec2(self):
+        A, b2 = self.A, self.b2
+        res = np.dot(A, b2)
+        tgt = np.array([0.29677940, 0.04518649, 0.14468333, 0.31039293])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_dotvecmat(self):
+        A, b4 = self.A, self.b4
+        res = np.dot(b4, A)
+        tgt = np.array([1.23495091, 1.12222648])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_dotvecmat2(self):
+        b3, A = self.b3, self.A
+        res = np.dot(b3, A.transpose())
+        tgt = np.array([[0.58793804, 0.08957460, 0.30605758, 0.62716383]])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_dotvecmat3(self):
+        A, b4 = self.A, self.b4
+        res = np.dot(A.transpose(), b4)
+        tgt = np.array([1.23495091, 1.12222648])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_dotvecvecouter(self):
+        b1, b3 = self.b1, self.b3
+        res = np.dot(b1, b3)
+        tgt = np.array([[0.20128610, 0.08400440], [0.07190947, 0.03001058]])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_dotvecvecinner(self):
+        b1, b3 = self.b1, self.b3
+        res = np.dot(b3, b1)
+        tgt = np.array([[ 0.23129668]])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_dotcolumnvect1(self):
+        b1 = np.ones((3, 1))
+        b2 = [5.3]
+        res = np.dot(b1, b2)
+        tgt = np.array([5.3, 5.3, 5.3])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_dotcolumnvect2(self):
+        b1 = np.ones((3, 1)).transpose()
+        b2 = [6.2]
+        res = np.dot(b2, b1)
+        tgt = np.array([6.2, 6.2, 6.2])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_dotvecscalar(self):
+        np.random.seed(100)
+        b1 = np.random.rand(1, 1)
+        b2 = np.random.rand(1, 4)
+        res = np.dot(b1, b2)
+        tgt = np.array([[0.15126730, 0.23068496, 0.45905553, 0.00256425]])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_dotvecscalar2(self):
+        np.random.seed(100)
+        b1 = np.random.rand(4, 1)
+        b2 = np.random.rand(1, 1)
+        res = np.dot(b1, b2)
+        tgt = np.array([[0.00256425],[0.00131359],[0.00200324],[ 0.00398638]])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_all(self):
+        dims = [(), (1,), (1, 1)]
+        dout = [(), (1,), (1, 1), (1,), (), (1,), (1, 1), (1,), (1, 1)]
+        for dim, (dim1, dim2) in zip(dout, itertools.product(dims, dims)):
+            b1 = np.zeros(dim1)
+            b2 = np.zeros(dim2)
+            res = np.dot(b1, b2)
+            tgt = np.zeros(dim)
+            assert_(res.shape == tgt.shape)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, decimal=self.N)
+
+    def test_vecobject(self):
+        class Vec:
+            def __init__(self, sequence=None):
+                if sequence is None:
+                    sequence = []
+                self.array = np.array(sequence)
+
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                out = Vec()
+                out.array = self.array + other.array
+                return out
+
+            def __sub__(self, other):
+                out = Vec()
+                out.array = self.array - other.array
+                return out
+
+            def __mul__(self, other):  # with scalar
+                out = Vec(self.array.copy())
+                out.array *= other
+                return out
+
+            def __rmul__(self, other):
+                return self*other
+
+        U_non_cont = np.transpose([[1., 1.], [1., 2.]])
+        U_cont = np.ascontiguousarray(U_non_cont)
+        x = np.array([Vec([1., 0.]), Vec([0., 1.])])
+        zeros = np.array([Vec([0., 0.]), Vec([0., 0.])])
+        zeros_test = np.dot(U_cont, x) - np.dot(U_non_cont, x)
+        assert_equal(zeros[0].array, zeros_test[0].array)
+        assert_equal(zeros[1].array, zeros_test[1].array)
+
+    def test_dot_2args(self):
+        from numpy.core.multiarray import dot
+
+        a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype=float)
+        b = np.array([[1, 0], [1, 1]], dtype=float)
+        c = np.array([[3, 2], [7, 4]], dtype=float)
+
+        d = dot(a, b)
+        assert_allclose(c, d)
+
+    def test_dot_3args(self):
+        from numpy.core.multiarray import dot
+
+        np.random.seed(22)
+        f = np.random.random_sample((1024, 16))
+        v = np.random.random_sample((16, 32))
+
+        r = np.empty((1024, 32))
+        for i in range(12):
+            dot(f, v, r)
+        if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+            assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(r), 2)
+        r2 = dot(f, v, out=None)
+        assert_array_equal(r2, r)
+        assert_(r is dot(f, v, out=r))
+
+        v = v[:, 0].copy()  # v.shape == (16,)
+        r = r[:, 0].copy()  # r.shape == (1024,)
+        r2 = dot(f, v)
+        assert_(r is dot(f, v, r))
+        assert_array_equal(r2, r)
+
+    def test_dot_3args_errors(self):
+        from numpy.core.multiarray import dot
+
+        np.random.seed(22)
+        f = np.random.random_sample((1024, 16))
+        v = np.random.random_sample((16, 32))
+
+        r = np.empty((1024, 31))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dot, f, v, r)
+
+        r = np.empty((1024,))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dot, f, v, r)
+
+        r = np.empty((32,))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dot, f, v, r)
+
+        r = np.empty((32, 1024))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dot, f, v, r)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dot, f, v, r.T)
+
+        r = np.empty((1024, 64))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dot, f, v, r[:, ::2])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dot, f, v, r[:, :32])
+
+        r = np.empty((1024, 32), dtype=np.float32)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dot, f, v, r)
+
+        r = np.empty((1024, 32), dtype=int)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, dot, f, v, r)
+
+    def test_dot_out_result(self):
+        x = np.ones((), dtype=np.float16)
+        y = np.ones((5,), dtype=np.float16)
+        z = np.zeros((5,), dtype=np.float16)
+        res = x.dot(y, out=z)
+        assert np.array_equal(res, y)
+        assert np.array_equal(z, y)
+
+    def test_dot_out_aliasing(self):
+        x = np.ones((), dtype=np.float16)
+        y = np.ones((5,), dtype=np.float16)
+        z = np.zeros((5,), dtype=np.float16)
+        res = x.dot(y, out=z)
+        z[0] = 2
+        assert np.array_equal(res, z)
+
+    def test_dot_array_order(self):
+        a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], order='C')
+        b = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], order='F')
+        res = np.dot(a, a)
+
+        # integer arrays are exact
+        assert_equal(np.dot(a, b), res)
+        assert_equal(np.dot(b, a), res)
+        assert_equal(np.dot(b, b), res)
+
+    def test_accelerate_framework_sgemv_fix(self):
+
+        def aligned_array(shape, align, dtype, order='C'):
+            d = dtype(0)
+            N = np.prod(shape)
+            tmp = np.zeros(N * d.nbytes + align, dtype=np.uint8)
+            address = tmp.__array_interface__["data"][0]
+            for offset in range(align):
+                if (address + offset) % align == 0:
+                    break
+            tmp = tmp[offset:offset+N*d.nbytes].view(dtype=dtype)
+            return tmp.reshape(shape, order=order)
+
+        def as_aligned(arr, align, dtype, order='C'):
+            aligned = aligned_array(arr.shape, align, dtype, order)
+            aligned[:] = arr[:]
+            return aligned
+
+        def assert_dot_close(A, X, desired):
+            assert_allclose(np.dot(A, X), desired, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-7)
+
+        m = aligned_array(100, 15, np.float32)
+        s = aligned_array((100, 100), 15, np.float32)
+        np.dot(s, m)  # this will always segfault if the bug is present
+
+        testdata = itertools.product((15, 32), (10000,), (200, 89), ('C', 'F'))
+        for align, m, n, a_order in testdata:
+            # Calculation in double precision
+            A_d = np.random.rand(m, n)
+            X_d = np.random.rand(n)
+            desired = np.dot(A_d, X_d)
+            # Calculation with aligned single precision
+            A_f = as_aligned(A_d, align, np.float32, order=a_order)
+            X_f = as_aligned(X_d, align, np.float32)
+            assert_dot_close(A_f, X_f, desired)
+            # Strided A rows
+            A_d_2 = A_d[::2]
+            desired = np.dot(A_d_2, X_d)
+            A_f_2 = A_f[::2]
+            assert_dot_close(A_f_2, X_f, desired)
+            # Strided A columns, strided X vector
+            A_d_22 = A_d_2[:, ::2]
+            X_d_2 = X_d[::2]
+            desired = np.dot(A_d_22, X_d_2)
+            A_f_22 = A_f_2[:, ::2]
+            X_f_2 = X_f[::2]
+            assert_dot_close(A_f_22, X_f_2, desired)
+            # Check the strides are as expected
+            if a_order == 'F':
+                assert_equal(A_f_22.strides, (8, 8 * m))
+            else:
+                assert_equal(A_f_22.strides, (8 * n, 8))
+            assert_equal(X_f_2.strides, (8,))
+            # Strides in A rows + cols only
+            X_f_2c = as_aligned(X_f_2, align, np.float32)
+            assert_dot_close(A_f_22, X_f_2c, desired)
+            # Strides just in A cols
+            A_d_12 = A_d[:, ::2]
+            desired = np.dot(A_d_12, X_d_2)
+            A_f_12 = A_f[:, ::2]
+            assert_dot_close(A_f_12, X_f_2c, desired)
+            # Strides in A cols and X
+            assert_dot_close(A_f_12, X_f_2, desired)
+
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [np.float64, np.complex128])
+    @requires_memory(free_bytes=18e9)  # complex case needs 18GiB+
+    def test_huge_vectordot(self, dtype):
+        # Large vector multiplications are chunked with 32bit BLAS
+        # Test that the chunking does the right thing, see also gh-22262
+        data = np.ones(2**30+100, dtype=dtype)
+        res = np.dot(data, data)
+        assert res == 2**30+100
+
+    def test_dtype_discovery_fails(self):
+        # See gh-14247, error checking was missing for failed dtype discovery
+        class BadObject(object):
+            def __array__(self):
+                raise TypeError("just this tiny mint leaf")
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.dot(BadObject(), BadObject())
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.dot(3.0, BadObject())
+
+
+class MatmulCommon:
+    """Common tests for '@' operator and numpy.matmul.
+
+    """
+    # Should work with these types. Will want to add
+    # "O" at some point
+    types = "?bhilqBHILQefdgFDGO"
+
+    def test_exceptions(self):
+        dims = [
+            ((1,), (2,)),            # mismatched vector vector
+            ((2, 1,), (2,)),         # mismatched matrix vector
+            ((2,), (1, 2)),          # mismatched vector matrix
+            ((1, 2), (3, 1)),        # mismatched matrix matrix
+            ((1,), ()),              # vector scalar
+            ((), (1)),               # scalar vector
+            ((1, 1), ()),            # matrix scalar
+            ((), (1, 1)),            # scalar matrix
+            ((2, 2, 1), (3, 1, 2)),  # cannot broadcast
+            ]
+
+        for dt, (dm1, dm2) in itertools.product(self.types, dims):
+            a = np.ones(dm1, dtype=dt)
+            b = np.ones(dm2, dtype=dt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, self.matmul, a, b)
+
+    def test_shapes(self):
+        dims = [
+            ((1, 1), (2, 1, 1)),     # broadcast first argument
+            ((2, 1, 1), (1, 1)),     # broadcast second argument
+            ((2, 1, 1), (2, 1, 1)),  # matrix stack sizes match
+            ]
+
+        for dt, (dm1, dm2) in itertools.product(self.types, dims):
+            a = np.ones(dm1, dtype=dt)
+            b = np.ones(dm2, dtype=dt)
+            res = self.matmul(a, b)
+            assert_(res.shape == (2, 1, 1))
+
+        # vector vector returns scalars.
+        for dt in self.types:
+            a = np.ones((2,), dtype=dt)
+            b = np.ones((2,), dtype=dt)
+            c = self.matmul(a, b)
+            assert_(np.array(c).shape == ())
+
+    def test_result_types(self):
+        mat = np.ones((1,1))
+        vec = np.ones((1,))
+        for dt in self.types:
+            m = mat.astype(dt)
+            v = vec.astype(dt)
+            for arg in [(m, v), (v, m), (m, m)]:
+                res = self.matmul(*arg)
+                assert_(res.dtype == dt)
+
+            # vector vector returns scalars
+            if dt != "O":
+                res = self.matmul(v, v)
+                assert_(type(res) is np.dtype(dt).type)
+
+    def test_scalar_output(self):
+        vec1 = np.array([2])
+        vec2 = np.array([3, 4]).reshape(1, -1)
+        tgt = np.array([6, 8])
+        for dt in self.types[1:]:
+            v1 = vec1.astype(dt)
+            v2 = vec2.astype(dt)
+            res = self.matmul(v1, v2)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt)
+            res = self.matmul(v2.T, v1)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # boolean type
+        vec = np.array([True, True], dtype='?').reshape(1, -1)
+        res = self.matmul(vec[:, 0], vec)
+        assert_equal(res, True)
+
+    def test_vector_vector_values(self):
+        vec1 = np.array([1, 2])
+        vec2 = np.array([3, 4]).reshape(-1, 1)
+        tgt1 = np.array([11])
+        tgt2 = np.array([[3, 6], [4, 8]])
+        for dt in self.types[1:]:
+            v1 = vec1.astype(dt)
+            v2 = vec2.astype(dt)
+            res = self.matmul(v1, v2)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt1)
+            # no broadcast, we must make v1 into a 2d ndarray
+            res = self.matmul(v2, v1.reshape(1, -1))
+            assert_equal(res, tgt2)
+
+        # boolean type
+        vec = np.array([True, True], dtype='?')
+        res = self.matmul(vec, vec)
+        assert_equal(res, True)
+
+    def test_vector_matrix_values(self):
+        vec = np.array([1, 2])
+        mat1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        mat2 = np.stack([mat1]*2, axis=0)
+        tgt1 = np.array([7, 10])
+        tgt2 = np.stack([tgt1]*2, axis=0)
+        for dt in self.types[1:]:
+            v = vec.astype(dt)
+            m1 = mat1.astype(dt)
+            m2 = mat2.astype(dt)
+            res = self.matmul(v, m1)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt1)
+            res = self.matmul(v, m2)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt2)
+
+        # boolean type
+        vec = np.array([True, False])
+        mat1 = np.array([[True, False], [False, True]])
+        mat2 = np.stack([mat1]*2, axis=0)
+        tgt1 = np.array([True, False])
+        tgt2 = np.stack([tgt1]*2, axis=0)
+
+        res = self.matmul(vec, mat1)
+        assert_equal(res, tgt1)
+        res = self.matmul(vec, mat2)
+        assert_equal(res, tgt2)
+
+    def test_matrix_vector_values(self):
+        vec = np.array([1, 2])
+        mat1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        mat2 = np.stack([mat1]*2, axis=0)
+        tgt1 = np.array([5, 11])
+        tgt2 = np.stack([tgt1]*2, axis=0)
+        for dt in self.types[1:]:
+            v = vec.astype(dt)
+            m1 = mat1.astype(dt)
+            m2 = mat2.astype(dt)
+            res = self.matmul(m1, v)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt1)
+            res = self.matmul(m2, v)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt2)
+
+        # boolean type
+        vec = np.array([True, False])
+        mat1 = np.array([[True, False], [False, True]])
+        mat2 = np.stack([mat1]*2, axis=0)
+        tgt1 = np.array([True, False])
+        tgt2 = np.stack([tgt1]*2, axis=0)
+
+        res = self.matmul(vec, mat1)
+        assert_equal(res, tgt1)
+        res = self.matmul(vec, mat2)
+        assert_equal(res, tgt2)
+
+    def test_matrix_matrix_values(self):
+        mat1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        mat2 = np.array([[1, 0], [1, 1]])
+        mat12 = np.stack([mat1, mat2], axis=0)
+        mat21 = np.stack([mat2, mat1], axis=0)
+        tgt11 = np.array([[7, 10], [15, 22]])
+        tgt12 = np.array([[3, 2], [7, 4]])
+        tgt21 = np.array([[1, 2], [4, 6]])
+        tgt12_21 = np.stack([tgt12, tgt21], axis=0)
+        tgt11_12 = np.stack((tgt11, tgt12), axis=0)
+        tgt11_21 = np.stack((tgt11, tgt21), axis=0)
+        for dt in self.types[1:]:
+            m1 = mat1.astype(dt)
+            m2 = mat2.astype(dt)
+            m12 = mat12.astype(dt)
+            m21 = mat21.astype(dt)
+
+            # matrix @ matrix
+            res = self.matmul(m1, m2)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt12)
+            res = self.matmul(m2, m1)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt21)
+
+            # stacked @ matrix
+            res = self.matmul(m12, m1)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt11_21)
+
+            # matrix @ stacked
+            res = self.matmul(m1, m12)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt11_12)
+
+            # stacked @ stacked
+            res = self.matmul(m12, m21)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt12_21)
+
+        # boolean type
+        m1 = np.array([[1, 1], [0, 0]], dtype=np.bool_)
+        m2 = np.array([[1, 0], [1, 1]], dtype=np.bool_)
+        m12 = np.stack([m1, m2], axis=0)
+        m21 = np.stack([m2, m1], axis=0)
+        tgt11 = m1
+        tgt12 = m1
+        tgt21 = np.array([[1, 1], [1, 1]], dtype=np.bool_)
+        tgt12_21 = np.stack([tgt12, tgt21], axis=0)
+        tgt11_12 = np.stack((tgt11, tgt12), axis=0)
+        tgt11_21 = np.stack((tgt11, tgt21), axis=0)
+
+        # matrix @ matrix
+        res = self.matmul(m1, m2)
+        assert_equal(res, tgt12)
+        res = self.matmul(m2, m1)
+        assert_equal(res, tgt21)
+
+        # stacked @ matrix
+        res = self.matmul(m12, m1)
+        assert_equal(res, tgt11_21)
+
+        # matrix @ stacked
+        res = self.matmul(m1, m12)
+        assert_equal(res, tgt11_12)
+
+        # stacked @ stacked
+        res = self.matmul(m12, m21)
+        assert_equal(res, tgt12_21)
+
+
+class TestMatmul(MatmulCommon):
+    matmul = np.matmul
+
+    def test_out_arg(self):
+        a = np.ones((5, 2), dtype=float)
+        b = np.array([[1, 3], [5, 7]], dtype=float)
+        tgt = np.dot(a, b)
+
+        # test as positional argument
+        msg = "out positional argument"
+        out = np.zeros((5, 2), dtype=float)
+        self.matmul(a, b, out)
+        assert_array_equal(out, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+
+        # test as keyword argument
+        msg = "out keyword argument"
+        out = np.zeros((5, 2), dtype=float)
+        self.matmul(a, b, out=out)
+        assert_array_equal(out, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+
+        # test out with not allowed type cast (safe casting)
+        msg = "Cannot cast ufunc .* output"
+        out = np.zeros((5, 2), dtype=np.int32)
+        assert_raises_regex(TypeError, msg, self.matmul, a, b, out=out)
+
+        # test out with type upcast to complex
+        out = np.zeros((5, 2), dtype=np.complex128)
+        c = self.matmul(a, b, out=out)
+        assert_(c is out)
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(np.ComplexWarning, '')
+            c = c.astype(tgt.dtype)
+        assert_array_equal(c, tgt)
+
+    def test_empty_out(self):
+        # Check that the output cannot be broadcast, so that it cannot be
+        # size zero when the outer dimensions (iterator size) has size zero.
+        arr = np.ones((0, 1, 1))
+        out = np.ones((1, 1, 1))
+        assert self.matmul(arr, arr).shape == (0, 1, 1)
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"non-broadcastable"):
+            self.matmul(arr, arr, out=out)
+
+    def test_out_contiguous(self):
+        a = np.ones((5, 2), dtype=float)
+        b = np.array([[1, 3], [5, 7]], dtype=float)
+        v = np.array([1, 3], dtype=float)
+        tgt = np.dot(a, b)
+        tgt_mv = np.dot(a, v)
+
+        # test out non-contiguous
+        out = np.ones((5, 2, 2), dtype=float)
+        c = self.matmul(a, b, out=out[..., 0])
+        assert c.base is out
+        assert_array_equal(c, tgt)
+        c = self.matmul(a, v, out=out[:, 0, 0])
+        assert_array_equal(c, tgt_mv)
+        c = self.matmul(v, a.T, out=out[:, 0, 0])
+        assert_array_equal(c, tgt_mv)
+
+        # test out contiguous in only last dim
+        out = np.ones((10, 2), dtype=float)
+        c = self.matmul(a, b, out=out[::2, :])
+        assert_array_equal(c, tgt)
+
+        # test transposes of out, args
+        out = np.ones((5, 2), dtype=float)
+        c = self.matmul(b.T, a.T, out=out.T)
+        assert_array_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    m1 = np.arange(15.).reshape(5, 3)
+    m2 = np.arange(21.).reshape(3, 7)
+    m3 = np.arange(30.).reshape(5, 6)[:, ::2]  # non-contiguous
+    vc = np.arange(10.)
+    vr = np.arange(6.)
+    m0 = np.zeros((3, 0))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('args', (
+            # matrix-matrix
+            (m1, m2), (m2.T, m1.T), (m2.T.copy(), m1.T), (m2.T, m1.T.copy()),
+            # matrix-matrix-transpose, contiguous and non
+            (m1, m1.T), (m1.T, m1), (m1, m3.T), (m3, m1.T),
+            (m3, m3.T), (m3.T, m3),
+            # matrix-matrix non-contiguous
+            (m3, m2), (m2.T, m3.T), (m2.T.copy(), m3.T),
+            # vector-matrix, matrix-vector, contiguous
+            (m1, vr[:3]), (vc[:5], m1), (m1.T, vc[:5]), (vr[:3], m1.T),
+            # vector-matrix, matrix-vector, vector non-contiguous
+            (m1, vr[::2]), (vc[::2], m1), (m1.T, vc[::2]), (vr[::2], m1.T),
+            # vector-matrix, matrix-vector, matrix non-contiguous
+            (m3, vr[:3]), (vc[:5], m3), (m3.T, vc[:5]), (vr[:3], m3.T),
+            # vector-matrix, matrix-vector, both non-contiguous
+            (m3, vr[::2]), (vc[::2], m3), (m3.T, vc[::2]), (vr[::2], m3.T),
+            # size == 0
+            (m0, m0.T), (m0.T, m0), (m1, m0), (m0.T, m1.T),
+        ))
+    def test_dot_equivalent(self, args):
+        r1 = np.matmul(*args)
+        r2 = np.dot(*args)
+        assert_equal(r1, r2)
+
+        r3 = np.matmul(args[0].copy(), args[1].copy())
+        assert_equal(r1, r3)
+
+    def test_matmul_object(self):
+        import fractions
+
+        f = np.vectorize(fractions.Fraction)
+        def random_ints():
+            return np.random.randint(1, 1000, size=(10, 3, 3))
+        M1 = f(random_ints(), random_ints())
+        M2 = f(random_ints(), random_ints())
+
+        M3 = self.matmul(M1, M2)
+
+        [N1, N2, N3] = [a.astype(float) for a in [M1, M2, M3]]
+
+        assert_allclose(N3, self.matmul(N1, N2))
+
+    def test_matmul_object_type_scalar(self):
+        from fractions import Fraction as F
+        v = np.array([F(2,3), F(5,7)])
+        res = self.matmul(v, v)
+        assert_(type(res) is F)
+
+    def test_matmul_empty(self):
+        a = np.empty((3, 0), dtype=object)
+        b = np.empty((0, 3), dtype=object)
+        c = np.zeros((3, 3))
+        assert_array_equal(np.matmul(a, b), c)
+
+    def test_matmul_exception_multiply(self):
+        # test that matmul fails if `__mul__` is missing
+        class add_not_multiply():
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                return self
+        a = np.full((3,3), add_not_multiply())
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            b = np.matmul(a, a)
+
+    def test_matmul_exception_add(self):
+        # test that matmul fails if `__add__` is missing
+        class multiply_not_add():
+            def __mul__(self, other):
+                return self
+        a = np.full((3,3), multiply_not_add())
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            b = np.matmul(a, a)
+
+    def test_matmul_bool(self):
+        # gh-14439
+        a = np.array([[1, 0],[1, 1]], dtype=bool)
+        assert np.max(a.view(np.uint8)) == 1
+        b = np.matmul(a, a)
+        # matmul with boolean output should always be 0, 1
+        assert np.max(b.view(np.uint8)) == 1
+
+        rg = np.random.default_rng(np.random.PCG64(43))
+        d = rg.integers(2, size=4*5, dtype=np.int8)
+        d = d.reshape(4, 5) > 0
+        out1 = np.matmul(d, d.reshape(5, 4))
+        out2 = np.dot(d, d.reshape(5, 4))
+        assert_equal(out1, out2)
+
+        c = np.matmul(np.zeros((2, 0), dtype=bool), np.zeros(0, dtype=bool))
+        assert not np.any(c)
+
+
+class TestMatmulOperator(MatmulCommon):
+    import operator
+    matmul = operator.matmul
+
+    def test_array_priority_override(self):
+
+        class A:
+            __array_priority__ = 1000
+
+            def __matmul__(self, other):
+                return "A"
+
+            def __rmatmul__(self, other):
+                return "A"
+
+        a = A()
+        b = np.ones(2)
+        assert_equal(self.matmul(a, b), "A")
+        assert_equal(self.matmul(b, a), "A")
+
+    def test_matmul_raises(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, self.matmul, np.int8(5), np.int8(5))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, self.matmul, np.void(b'abc'), np.void(b'abc'))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, self.matmul, np.arange(10), np.void(b'abc'))
+
+
+class TestMatmulInplace:
+    DTYPES = {}
+    for i in MatmulCommon.types:
+        for j in MatmulCommon.types:
+            if np.can_cast(j, i):
+                DTYPES[f"{i}-{j}"] = (np.dtype(i), np.dtype(j))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype1,dtype2", DTYPES.values(), ids=DTYPES)
+    def test_basic(self, dtype1: np.dtype, dtype2: np.dtype) -> None:
+        a = np.arange(10).reshape(5, 2).astype(dtype1)
+        a_id = id(a)
+        b = np.ones((2, 2), dtype=dtype2)
+
+        ref = a @ b
+        a @= b
+
+        assert id(a) == a_id
+        assert a.dtype == dtype1
+        assert a.shape == (5, 2)
+        if dtype1.kind in "fc":
+            np.testing.assert_allclose(a, ref)
+        else:
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(a, ref)
+
+    SHAPES = {
+        "2d_large": ((10**5, 10), (10, 10)),
+        "3d_large": ((10**4, 10, 10), (1, 10, 10)),
+        "1d": ((3,), (3,)),
+        "2d_1d": ((3, 3), (3,)),
+        "1d_2d": ((3,), (3, 3)),
+        "2d_broadcast": ((3, 3), (3, 1)),
+        "2d_broadcast_reverse": ((1, 3), (3, 3)),
+        "3d_broadcast1": ((3, 3, 3), (1, 3, 1)),
+        "3d_broadcast2": ((3, 3, 3), (1, 3, 3)),
+        "3d_broadcast3": ((3, 3, 3), (3, 3, 1)),
+        "3d_broadcast_reverse1": ((1, 3, 3), (3, 3, 3)),
+        "3d_broadcast_reverse2": ((3, 1, 3), (3, 3, 3)),
+        "3d_broadcast_reverse3": ((1, 1, 3), (3, 3, 3)),
+    }
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("a_shape,b_shape", SHAPES.values(), ids=SHAPES)
+    def test_shapes(self, a_shape: tuple[int, ...], b_shape: tuple[int, ...]):
+        a_size = np.prod(a_shape)
+        a = np.arange(a_size).reshape(a_shape).astype(np.float64)
+        a_id = id(a)
+
+        b_size = np.prod(b_shape)
+        b = np.arange(b_size).reshape(b_shape)
+
+        ref = a @ b
+        if ref.shape != a_shape:
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                a @= b
+            return
+        else:
+            a @= b
+
+        assert id(a) == a_id
+        assert a.dtype.type == np.float64
+        assert a.shape == a_shape
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(a, ref)
+
+
+def test_matmul_axes():
+    a = np.arange(3*4*5).reshape(3, 4, 5)
+    c = np.matmul(a, a, axes=[(-2, -1), (-1, -2), (1, 2)])
+    assert c.shape == (3, 4, 4)
+    d = np.matmul(a, a, axes=[(-2, -1), (-1, -2), (0, 1)])
+    assert d.shape == (4, 4, 3)
+    e = np.swapaxes(d, 0, 2)
+    assert_array_equal(e, c)
+    f = np.matmul(a, np.arange(3), axes=[(1, 0), (0), (0)])
+    assert f.shape == (4, 5)
+
+
+class TestInner:
+
+    def test_inner_type_mismatch(self):
+        c = 1.
+        A = np.array((1,1), dtype='i,i')
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.inner, c, A)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.inner, A, c)
+
+    def test_inner_scalar_and_vector(self):
+        for dt in np.typecodes['AllInteger'] + np.typecodes['AllFloat'] + '?':
+            sca = np.array(3, dtype=dt)[()]
+            vec = np.array([1, 2], dtype=dt)
+            desired = np.array([3, 6], dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.inner(vec, sca), desired)
+            assert_equal(np.inner(sca, vec), desired)
+
+    def test_vecself(self):
+        # Ticket 844.
+        # Inner product of a vector with itself segfaults or give
+        # meaningless result
+        a = np.zeros(shape=(1, 80), dtype=np.float64)
+        p = np.inner(a, a)
+        assert_almost_equal(p, 0, decimal=14)
+
+    def test_inner_product_with_various_contiguities(self):
+        # github issue 6532
+        for dt in np.typecodes['AllInteger'] + np.typecodes['AllFloat'] + '?':
+            # check an inner product involving a matrix transpose
+            A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype=dt)
+            B = np.array([[1, 3], [2, 4]], dtype=dt)
+            C = np.array([1, 1], dtype=dt)
+            desired = np.array([4, 6], dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.inner(A.T, C), desired)
+            assert_equal(np.inner(C, A.T), desired)
+            assert_equal(np.inner(B, C), desired)
+            assert_equal(np.inner(C, B), desired)
+            # check a matrix product
+            desired = np.array([[7, 10], [15, 22]], dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.inner(A, B), desired)
+            # check the syrk vs. gemm paths
+            desired = np.array([[5, 11], [11, 25]], dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.inner(A, A), desired)
+            assert_equal(np.inner(A, A.copy()), desired)
+            # check an inner product involving an aliased and reversed view
+            a = np.arange(5).astype(dt)
+            b = a[::-1]
+            desired = np.array(10, dtype=dt).item()
+            assert_equal(np.inner(b, a), desired)
+
+    def test_3d_tensor(self):
+        for dt in np.typecodes['AllInteger'] + np.typecodes['AllFloat'] + '?':
+            a = np.arange(24).reshape(2,3,4).astype(dt)
+            b = np.arange(24, 48).reshape(2,3,4).astype(dt)
+            desired = np.array(
+                [[[[ 158,  182,  206],
+                   [ 230,  254,  278]],
+
+                  [[ 566,  654,  742],
+                   [ 830,  918, 1006]],
+
+                  [[ 974, 1126, 1278],
+                   [1430, 1582, 1734]]],
+
+                 [[[1382, 1598, 1814],
+                   [2030, 2246, 2462]],
+
+                  [[1790, 2070, 2350],
+                   [2630, 2910, 3190]],
+
+                  [[2198, 2542, 2886],
+                   [3230, 3574, 3918]]]]
+            ).astype(dt)
+            assert_equal(np.inner(a, b), desired)
+            assert_equal(np.inner(b, a).transpose(2,3,0,1), desired)
+
+
+class TestChoose:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.x = 2*np.ones((3,), dtype=int)
+        self.y = 3*np.ones((3,), dtype=int)
+        self.x2 = 2*np.ones((2, 3), dtype=int)
+        self.y2 = 3*np.ones((2, 3), dtype=int)
+        self.ind = [0, 0, 1]
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        A = np.choose(self.ind, (self.x, self.y))
+        assert_equal(A, [2, 2, 3])
+
+    def test_broadcast1(self):
+        A = np.choose(self.ind, (self.x2, self.y2))
+        assert_equal(A, [[2, 2, 3], [2, 2, 3]])
+
+    def test_broadcast2(self):
+        A = np.choose(self.ind, (self.x, self.y2))
+        assert_equal(A, [[2, 2, 3], [2, 2, 3]])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ops",
+        [(1000, np.array([1], dtype=np.uint8)),
+         (-1, np.array([1], dtype=np.uint8)),
+         (1., np.float32(3)),
+         (1., np.array([3], dtype=np.float32))],)
+    def test_output_dtype(self, ops):
+        expected_dt = np.result_type(*ops)
+        assert(np.choose([0], ops).dtype == expected_dt)
+
+
+class TestRepeat:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.m = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
+        self.m_rect = self.m.reshape((2, 3))
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        A = np.repeat(self.m, [1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2])
+        assert_equal(A, [1, 2, 2, 2, 3,
+                         3, 4, 5, 6, 6])
+
+    def test_broadcast1(self):
+        A = np.repeat(self.m, 2)
+        assert_equal(A, [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3,
+                         4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6])
+
+    def test_axis_spec(self):
+        A = np.repeat(self.m_rect, [2, 1], axis=0)
+        assert_equal(A, [[1, 2, 3],
+                         [1, 2, 3],
+                         [4, 5, 6]])
+
+        A = np.repeat(self.m_rect, [1, 3, 2], axis=1)
+        assert_equal(A, [[1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3],
+                         [4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6]])
+
+    def test_broadcast2(self):
+        A = np.repeat(self.m_rect, 2, axis=0)
+        assert_equal(A, [[1, 2, 3],
+                         [1, 2, 3],
+                         [4, 5, 6],
+                         [4, 5, 6]])
+
+        A = np.repeat(self.m_rect, 2, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(A, [[1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3],
+                         [4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6]])
+
+
+# TODO: test for multidimensional
+NEIGH_MODE = {'zero': 0, 'one': 1, 'constant': 2, 'circular': 3, 'mirror': 4}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('dt', [float, Decimal], ids=['float', 'object'])
+class TestNeighborhoodIter:
+    # Simple, 2d tests
+    def test_simple2d(self, dt):
+        # Test zero and one padding for simple data type
+        x = np.array([[0, 1], [2, 3]], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[0, 0, 1], [0, 2, 3]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[0, 1, 0], [2, 3, 0]], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator(
+                x, [-1, 0, -1, 1], x[0], NEIGH_MODE['zero'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        r = [np.array([[1, 1, 1], [1, 0, 1]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 1]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[1, 0, 1], [1, 2, 3]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[0, 1, 1], [2, 3, 1]], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator(
+                x, [-1, 0, -1, 1], x[0], NEIGH_MODE['one'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        r = [np.array([[4, 4, 4], [4, 0, 1]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[4, 4, 4], [0, 1, 4]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[4, 0, 1], [4, 2, 3]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[0, 1, 4], [2, 3, 4]], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator(
+                x, [-1, 0, -1, 1], 4, NEIGH_MODE['constant'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        # Test with start in the middle
+        r = [np.array([[4, 0, 1], [4, 2, 3]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[0, 1, 4], [2, 3, 4]], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator(
+                x, [-1, 0, -1, 1], 4, NEIGH_MODE['constant'], 2)
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+    def test_mirror2d(self, dt):
+        x = np.array([[0, 1], [2, 3]], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([[0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[0, 1, 1], [0, 1, 1]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[0, 0, 1], [2, 2, 3]], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([[0, 1, 1], [2, 3, 3]], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator(
+                x, [-1, 0, -1, 1], x[0], NEIGH_MODE['mirror'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+    # Simple, 1d tests
+    def test_simple(self, dt):
+        # Test padding with constant values
+        x = np.linspace(1, 5, 5).astype(dt)
+        r = [[0, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4], [3, 4, 5], [4, 5, 0]]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator(
+                x, [-1, 1], x[0], NEIGH_MODE['zero'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        r = [[1, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4], [3, 4, 5], [4, 5, 1]]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator(
+                x, [-1, 1], x[0], NEIGH_MODE['one'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        r = [[x[4], 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4], [3, 4, 5], [4, 5, x[4]]]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator(
+                x, [-1, 1], x[4], NEIGH_MODE['constant'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+    # Test mirror modes
+    def test_mirror(self, dt):
+        x = np.linspace(1, 5, 5).astype(dt)
+        r = np.array([[2, 1, 1, 2, 3], [1, 1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+                [2, 3, 4, 5, 5], [3, 4, 5, 5, 4]], dtype=dt)
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator(
+                x, [-2, 2], x[1], NEIGH_MODE['mirror'])
+        assert_([i.dtype == dt for i in l])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+    # Circular mode
+    def test_circular(self, dt):
+        x = np.linspace(1, 5, 5).astype(dt)
+        r = np.array([[4, 5, 1, 2, 3], [5, 1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+                [2, 3, 4, 5, 1], [3, 4, 5, 1, 2]], dtype=dt)
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator(
+                x, [-2, 2], x[0], NEIGH_MODE['circular'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+
+# Test stacking neighborhood iterators
+class TestStackedNeighborhoodIter:
+    # Simple, 1d test: stacking 2 constant-padded neigh iterators
+    def test_simple_const(self):
+        dt = np.float64
+        # Test zero and one padding for simple data type
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([1], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([2], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([3], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [-2, 4], NEIGH_MODE['zero'], [0, 0], NEIGH_MODE['zero'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        r = [np.array([1, 0, 1], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0, 1, 2], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([2, 3, 0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([3, 0, 1], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [-1, 3], NEIGH_MODE['zero'], [-1, 1], NEIGH_MODE['one'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+    # 2nd simple, 1d test: stacking 2 neigh iterators, mixing const padding and
+    # mirror padding
+    def test_simple_mirror(self):
+        dt = np.float64
+        # Stacking zero on top of mirror
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([0, 1, 1], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([1, 1, 2], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([2, 3, 3], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([3, 3, 0], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [-1, 3], NEIGH_MODE['mirror'], [-1, 1], NEIGH_MODE['zero'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        # Stacking mirror on top of zero
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([1, 0, 0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0, 0, 1], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0, 1, 2], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([2, 3, 0], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [-1, 3], NEIGH_MODE['zero'], [-2, 0], NEIGH_MODE['mirror'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        # Stacking mirror on top of zero: 2nd
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([0, 1, 2], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([2, 3, 0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([3, 0, 0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0, 0, 3], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [-1, 3], NEIGH_MODE['zero'], [0, 2], NEIGH_MODE['mirror'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        # Stacking mirror on top of zero: 3rd
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([1, 0, 0, 1, 2], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0, 0, 1, 2, 3], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([1, 2, 3, 0, 0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([2, 3, 0, 0, 3], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [-1, 3], NEIGH_MODE['zero'], [-2, 2], NEIGH_MODE['mirror'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+    # 3rd simple, 1d test: stacking 2 neigh iterators, mixing const padding and
+    # circular padding
+    def test_simple_circular(self):
+        dt = np.float64
+        # Stacking zero on top of mirror
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([0, 3, 1], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([3, 1, 2], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([2, 3, 1], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([3, 1, 0], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [-1, 3], NEIGH_MODE['circular'], [-1, 1], NEIGH_MODE['zero'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        # Stacking mirror on top of zero
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([3, 0, 0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0, 0, 1], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0, 1, 2], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([2, 3, 0], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [-1, 3], NEIGH_MODE['zero'], [-2, 0], NEIGH_MODE['circular'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        # Stacking mirror on top of zero: 2nd
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([0, 1, 2], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([2, 3, 0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([3, 0, 0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0, 0, 1], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [-1, 3], NEIGH_MODE['zero'], [0, 2], NEIGH_MODE['circular'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        # Stacking mirror on top of zero: 3rd
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([3, 0, 0, 1, 2], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0, 0, 1, 2, 3], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([1, 2, 3, 0, 0], dtype=dt),
+             np.array([2, 3, 0, 0, 1], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [-1, 3], NEIGH_MODE['zero'], [-2, 2], NEIGH_MODE['circular'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+    # 4th simple, 1d test: stacking 2 neigh iterators, but with lower iterator
+    # being strictly within the array
+    def test_simple_strict_within(self):
+        dt = np.float64
+        # Stacking zero on top of zero, first neighborhood strictly inside the
+        # array
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([1, 2, 3, 0], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [1, 1], NEIGH_MODE['zero'], [-1, 2], NEIGH_MODE['zero'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        # Stacking mirror on top of zero, first neighborhood strictly inside the
+        # array
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([1, 2, 3, 3], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [1, 1], NEIGH_MODE['zero'], [-1, 2], NEIGH_MODE['mirror'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+        # Stacking mirror on top of zero, first neighborhood strictly inside the
+        # array
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+        r = [np.array([1, 2, 3, 1], dtype=dt)]
+        l = _multiarray_tests.test_neighborhood_iterator_oob(
+                x, [1, 1], NEIGH_MODE['zero'], [-1, 2], NEIGH_MODE['circular'])
+        assert_array_equal(l, r)
+
+class TestWarnings:
+
+    def test_complex_warning(self):
+        x = np.array([1, 2])
+        y = np.array([1-2j, 1+2j])
+
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error", np.ComplexWarning)
+            assert_raises(np.ComplexWarning, x.__setitem__, slice(None), y)
+            assert_equal(x, [1, 2])
+
+
+class TestMinScalarType:
+
+    def test_usigned_shortshort(self):
+        dt = np.min_scalar_type(2**8-1)
+        wanted = np.dtype('uint8')
+        assert_equal(wanted, dt)
+
+    def test_usigned_short(self):
+        dt = np.min_scalar_type(2**16-1)
+        wanted = np.dtype('uint16')
+        assert_equal(wanted, dt)
+
+    def test_usigned_int(self):
+        dt = np.min_scalar_type(2**32-1)
+        wanted = np.dtype('uint32')
+        assert_equal(wanted, dt)
+
+    def test_usigned_longlong(self):
+        dt = np.min_scalar_type(2**63-1)
+        wanted = np.dtype('uint64')
+        assert_equal(wanted, dt)
+
+    def test_object(self):
+        dt = np.min_scalar_type(2**64)
+        wanted = np.dtype('O')
+        assert_equal(wanted, dt)
+
+
+from numpy.core._internal import _dtype_from_pep3118
+
+
+class TestPEP3118Dtype:
+    def _check(self, spec, wanted):
+        dt = np.dtype(wanted)
+        actual = _dtype_from_pep3118(spec)
+        assert_equal(actual, dt,
+                     err_msg="spec %r != dtype %r" % (spec, wanted))
+
+    def test_native_padding(self):
+        align = np.dtype('i').alignment
+        for j in range(8):
+            if j == 0:
+                s = 'bi'
+            else:
+                s = 'b%dxi' % j
+            self._check('@'+s, {'f0': ('i1', 0),
+                                'f1': ('i', align*(1 + j//align))})
+            self._check('='+s, {'f0': ('i1', 0),
+                                'f1': ('i', 1+j)})
+
+    def test_native_padding_2(self):
+        # Native padding should work also for structs and sub-arrays
+        self._check('x3T{xi}', {'f0': (({'f0': ('i', 4)}, (3,)), 4)})
+        self._check('^x3T{xi}', {'f0': (({'f0': ('i', 1)}, (3,)), 1)})
+
+    def test_trailing_padding(self):
+        # Trailing padding should be included, *and*, the item size
+        # should match the alignment if in aligned mode
+        align = np.dtype('i').alignment
+        size = np.dtype('i').itemsize
+
+        def aligned(n):
+            return align*(1 + (n-1)//align)
+
+        base = dict(formats=['i'], names=['f0'])
+
+        self._check('ix',    dict(itemsize=aligned(size + 1), **base))
+        self._check('ixx',   dict(itemsize=aligned(size + 2), **base))
+        self._check('ixxx',  dict(itemsize=aligned(size + 3), **base))
+        self._check('ixxxx', dict(itemsize=aligned(size + 4), **base))
+        self._check('i7x',   dict(itemsize=aligned(size + 7), **base))
+
+        self._check('^ix',    dict(itemsize=size + 1, **base))
+        self._check('^ixx',   dict(itemsize=size + 2, **base))
+        self._check('^ixxx',  dict(itemsize=size + 3, **base))
+        self._check('^ixxxx', dict(itemsize=size + 4, **base))
+        self._check('^i7x',   dict(itemsize=size + 7, **base))
+
+    def test_native_padding_3(self):
+        dt = np.dtype(
+                [('a', 'b'), ('b', 'i'),
+                    ('sub', np.dtype('b,i')), ('c', 'i')],
+                align=True)
+        self._check("T{b:a:xxxi:b:T{b:f0:=i:f1:}:sub:xxxi:c:}", dt)
+
+        dt = np.dtype(
+                [('a', 'b'), ('b', 'i'), ('c', 'b'), ('d', 'b'),
+                    ('e', 'b'), ('sub', np.dtype('b,i', align=True))])
+        self._check("T{b:a:=i:b:b:c:b:d:b:e:T{b:f0:xxxi:f1:}:sub:}", dt)
+
+    def test_padding_with_array_inside_struct(self):
+        dt = np.dtype(
+                [('a', 'b'), ('b', 'i'), ('c', 'b', (3,)),
+                    ('d', 'i')],
+                align=True)
+        self._check("T{b:a:xxxi:b:3b:c:xi:d:}", dt)
+
+    def test_byteorder_inside_struct(self):
+        # The byte order after @T{=i} should be '=', not '@'.
+        # Check this by noting the absence of native alignment.
+        self._check('@T{^i}xi', {'f0': ({'f0': ('i', 0)}, 0),
+                                 'f1': ('i', 5)})
+
+    def test_intra_padding(self):
+        # Natively aligned sub-arrays may require some internal padding
+        align = np.dtype('i').alignment
+        size = np.dtype('i').itemsize
+
+        def aligned(n):
+            return (align*(1 + (n-1)//align))
+
+        self._check('(3)T{ix}', (dict(
+            names=['f0'],
+            formats=['i'],
+            offsets=[0],
+            itemsize=aligned(size + 1)
+        ), (3,)))
+
+    def test_char_vs_string(self):
+        dt = np.dtype('c')
+        self._check('c', dt)
+
+        dt = np.dtype([('f0', 'S1', (4,)), ('f1', 'S4')])
+        self._check('4c4s', dt)
+
+    def test_field_order(self):
+        # gh-9053 - previously, we relied on dictionary key order
+        self._check("(0)I:a:f:b:", [('a', 'I', (0,)), ('b', 'f')])
+        self._check("(0)I:b:f:a:", [('b', 'I', (0,)), ('a', 'f')])
+
+    def test_unnamed_fields(self):
+        self._check('ii',     [('f0', 'i'), ('f1', 'i')])
+        self._check('ii:f0:', [('f1', 'i'), ('f0', 'i')])
+
+        self._check('i', 'i')
+        self._check('i:f0:', [('f0', 'i')])
+
+
+class TestNewBufferProtocol:
+    """ Test PEP3118 buffers """
+
+    def _check_roundtrip(self, obj):
+        obj = np.asarray(obj)
+        x = memoryview(obj)
+        y = np.asarray(x)
+        y2 = np.array(x)
+        assert_(not y.flags.owndata)
+        assert_(y2.flags.owndata)
+
+        assert_equal(y.dtype, obj.dtype)
+        assert_equal(y.shape, obj.shape)
+        assert_array_equal(obj, y)
+
+        assert_equal(y2.dtype, obj.dtype)
+        assert_equal(y2.shape, obj.shape)
+        assert_array_equal(obj, y2)
+
+    def test_roundtrip(self):
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], dtype='i4')
+        self._check_roundtrip(x)
+
+        x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype=np.float64)
+        self._check_roundtrip(x)
+
+        x = np.zeros((3, 3, 3), dtype=np.float32)[:, 0,:]
+        self._check_roundtrip(x)
+
+        dt = [('a', 'b'),
+              ('b', 'h'),
+              ('c', 'i'),
+              ('d', 'l'),
+              ('dx', 'q'),
+              ('e', 'B'),
+              ('f', 'H'),
+              ('g', 'I'),
+              ('h', 'L'),
+              ('hx', 'Q'),
+              ('i', np.single),
+              ('j', np.double),
+              ('k', np.longdouble),
+              ('ix', np.csingle),
+              ('jx', np.cdouble),
+              ('kx', np.clongdouble),
+              ('l', 'S4'),
+              ('m', 'U4'),
+              ('n', 'V3'),
+              ('o', '?'),
+              ('p', np.half),
+              ]
+        x = np.array(
+                [(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+                    b'aaaa', 'bbbb', b'xxx', True, 1.0)],
+                dtype=dt)
+        self._check_roundtrip(x)
+
+        x = np.array(([[1, 2], [3, 4]],), dtype=[('a', (int, (2, 2)))])
+        self._check_roundtrip(x)
+
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype='>i2')
+        self._check_roundtrip(x)
+
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype='')
+                x = np.zeros(4, dtype=dt)
+                self._check_roundtrip(x)
+
+    def test_roundtrip_scalar(self):
+        # Issue #4015.
+        self._check_roundtrip(0)
+
+    def test_invalid_buffer_format(self):
+        # datetime64 cannot be used fully in a buffer yet
+        # Should be fixed in the next Numpy major release
+        dt = np.dtype([('a', 'uint16'), ('b', 'M8[s]')])
+        a = np.empty(3, dt)
+        assert_raises((ValueError, BufferError), memoryview, a)
+        assert_raises((ValueError, BufferError), memoryview, np.array((3), 'M8[D]'))
+
+    def test_export_simple_1d(self):
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], dtype='i')
+        y = memoryview(x)
+        assert_equal(y.format, 'i')
+        assert_equal(y.shape, (5,))
+        assert_equal(y.ndim, 1)
+        assert_equal(y.strides, (4,))
+        assert_equal(y.suboffsets, ())
+        assert_equal(y.itemsize, 4)
+
+    def test_export_simple_nd(self):
+        x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype=np.float64)
+        y = memoryview(x)
+        assert_equal(y.format, 'd')
+        assert_equal(y.shape, (2, 2))
+        assert_equal(y.ndim, 2)
+        assert_equal(y.strides, (16, 8))
+        assert_equal(y.suboffsets, ())
+        assert_equal(y.itemsize, 8)
+
+    def test_export_discontiguous(self):
+        x = np.zeros((3, 3, 3), dtype=np.float32)[:, 0,:]
+        y = memoryview(x)
+        assert_equal(y.format, 'f')
+        assert_equal(y.shape, (3, 3))
+        assert_equal(y.ndim, 2)
+        assert_equal(y.strides, (36, 4))
+        assert_equal(y.suboffsets, ())
+        assert_equal(y.itemsize, 4)
+
+    def test_export_record(self):
+        dt = [('a', 'b'),
+              ('b', 'h'),
+              ('c', 'i'),
+              ('d', 'l'),
+              ('dx', 'q'),
+              ('e', 'B'),
+              ('f', 'H'),
+              ('g', 'I'),
+              ('h', 'L'),
+              ('hx', 'Q'),
+              ('i', np.single),
+              ('j', np.double),
+              ('k', np.longdouble),
+              ('ix', np.csingle),
+              ('jx', np.cdouble),
+              ('kx', np.clongdouble),
+              ('l', 'S4'),
+              ('m', 'U4'),
+              ('n', 'V3'),
+              ('o', '?'),
+              ('p', np.half),
+              ]
+        x = np.array(
+                [(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+                    b'aaaa', 'bbbb', b'   ', True, 1.0)],
+                dtype=dt)
+        y = memoryview(x)
+        assert_equal(y.shape, (1,))
+        assert_equal(y.ndim, 1)
+        assert_equal(y.suboffsets, ())
+
+        sz = sum([np.dtype(b).itemsize for a, b in dt])
+        if np.dtype('l').itemsize == 4:
+            assert_equal(y.format, 'T{b:a:=h:b:i:c:l:d:q:dx:B:e:@H:f:=I:g:L:h:Q:hx:f:i:d:j:^g:k:=Zf:ix:Zd:jx:^Zg:kx:4s:l:=4w:m:3x:n:?:o:@e:p:}')
+        else:
+            assert_equal(y.format, 'T{b:a:=h:b:i:c:q:d:q:dx:B:e:@H:f:=I:g:Q:h:Q:hx:f:i:d:j:^g:k:=Zf:ix:Zd:jx:^Zg:kx:4s:l:=4w:m:3x:n:?:o:@e:p:}')
+        # Cannot test if NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_DEBUG changes the strides
+        if not (np.ones(1).strides[0] == np.iinfo(np.intp).max):
+            assert_equal(y.strides, (sz,))
+        assert_equal(y.itemsize, sz)
+
+    def test_export_subarray(self):
+        x = np.array(([[1, 2], [3, 4]],), dtype=[('a', ('i', (2, 2)))])
+        y = memoryview(x)
+        assert_equal(y.format, 'T{(2,2)i:a:}')
+        assert_equal(y.shape, ())
+        assert_equal(y.ndim, 0)
+        assert_equal(y.strides, ())
+        assert_equal(y.suboffsets, ())
+        assert_equal(y.itemsize, 16)
+
+    def test_export_endian(self):
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype='>i')
+        y = memoryview(x)
+        if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+            assert_equal(y.format, '>i')
+        else:
+            assert_equal(y.format, 'i')
+
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=' np.array(0, dtype=dt1), "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+            assert_(not 1 < np.array(0, dtype=dt1), "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+
+            for dt2 in np.typecodes['AllInteger']:
+                assert_(np.array(1, dtype=dt1) > np.array(0, dtype=dt2),
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+                assert_(not np.array(1, dtype=dt1) < np.array(0, dtype=dt2),
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+
+        # Unsigned integers
+        for dt1 in 'BHILQP':
+            assert_(-1 < np.array(1, dtype=dt1), "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+            assert_(not -1 > np.array(1, dtype=dt1), "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+            assert_(-1 != np.array(1, dtype=dt1), "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+
+            # Unsigned vs signed
+            for dt2 in 'bhilqp':
+                assert_(np.array(1, dtype=dt1) > np.array(-1, dtype=dt2),
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+                assert_(not np.array(1, dtype=dt1) < np.array(-1, dtype=dt2),
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+                assert_(np.array(1, dtype=dt1) != np.array(-1, dtype=dt2),
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+
+        # Signed integers and floats
+        for dt1 in 'bhlqp' + np.typecodes['Float']:
+            assert_(1 > np.array(-1, dtype=dt1), "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+            assert_(not 1 < np.array(-1, dtype=dt1), "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+            assert_(-1 == np.array(-1, dtype=dt1), "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+
+            for dt2 in 'bhlqp' + np.typecodes['Float']:
+                assert_(np.array(1, dtype=dt1) > np.array(-1, dtype=dt2),
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+                assert_(not np.array(1, dtype=dt1) < np.array(-1, dtype=dt2),
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+                assert_(np.array(-1, dtype=dt1) == np.array(-1, dtype=dt2),
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+
+    def test_to_bool_scalar(self):
+        assert_equal(bool(np.array([False])), False)
+        assert_equal(bool(np.array([True])), True)
+        assert_equal(bool(np.array([[42]])), True)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, bool, np.array([1, 2]))
+
+        class NotConvertible:
+            def __bool__(self):
+                raise NotImplementedError
+
+        assert_raises(NotImplementedError, bool, np.array(NotConvertible()))
+        assert_raises(NotImplementedError, bool, np.array([NotConvertible()]))
+        if IS_PYSTON:
+            pytest.skip("Pyston disables recursion checking")
+
+        self_containing = np.array([None])
+        self_containing[0] = self_containing
+
+        Error = RecursionError
+
+        assert_raises(Error, bool, self_containing)  # previously stack overflow
+        self_containing[0] = None  # resolve circular reference
+
+    def test_to_int_scalar(self):
+        # gh-9972 means that these aren't always the same
+        int_funcs = (int, lambda x: x.__int__())
+        for int_func in int_funcs:
+            assert_equal(int_func(np.array(0)), 0)
+            with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                assert_equal(int_func(np.array([1])), 1)
+            with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                assert_equal(int_func(np.array([[42]])), 42)
+            assert_raises(TypeError, int_func, np.array([1, 2]))
+
+            # gh-9972
+            assert_equal(4, int_func(np.array('4')))
+            assert_equal(5, int_func(np.bytes_(b'5')))
+            assert_equal(6, int_func(np.str_('6')))
+
+            # The delegation of int() to __trunc__ was deprecated in
+            # Python 3.11.
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+                class HasTrunc:
+                    def __trunc__(self):
+                        return 3
+                assert_equal(3, int_func(np.array(HasTrunc())))
+                with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                    assert_equal(3, int_func(np.array([HasTrunc()])))
+            else:
+                pass
+
+            class NotConvertible:
+                def __int__(self):
+                    raise NotImplementedError
+            assert_raises(NotImplementedError,
+                int_func, np.array(NotConvertible()))
+            with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                assert_raises(NotImplementedError,
+                    int_func, np.array([NotConvertible()]))
+
+
+class TestWhere:
+    def test_basic(self):
+        dts = [bool, np.int16, np.int32, np.int64, np.double, np.complex128,
+               np.longdouble, np.clongdouble]
+        for dt in dts:
+            c = np.ones(53, dtype=bool)
+            assert_equal(np.where( c, dt(0), dt(1)), dt(0))
+            assert_equal(np.where(~c, dt(0), dt(1)), dt(1))
+            assert_equal(np.where(True, dt(0), dt(1)), dt(0))
+            assert_equal(np.where(False, dt(0), dt(1)), dt(1))
+            d = np.ones_like(c).astype(dt)
+            e = np.zeros_like(d)
+            r = d.astype(dt)
+            c[7] = False
+            r[7] = e[7]
+            assert_equal(np.where(c, e, e), e)
+            assert_equal(np.where(c, d, e), r)
+            assert_equal(np.where(c, d, e[0]), r)
+            assert_equal(np.where(c, d[0], e), r)
+            assert_equal(np.where(c[::2], d[::2], e[::2]), r[::2])
+            assert_equal(np.where(c[1::2], d[1::2], e[1::2]), r[1::2])
+            assert_equal(np.where(c[::3], d[::3], e[::3]), r[::3])
+            assert_equal(np.where(c[1::3], d[1::3], e[1::3]), r[1::3])
+            assert_equal(np.where(c[::-2], d[::-2], e[::-2]), r[::-2])
+            assert_equal(np.where(c[::-3], d[::-3], e[::-3]), r[::-3])
+            assert_equal(np.where(c[1::-3], d[1::-3], e[1::-3]), r[1::-3])
+
+    def test_exotic(self):
+        # object
+        assert_array_equal(np.where(True, None, None), np.array(None))
+        # zero sized
+        m = np.array([], dtype=bool).reshape(0, 3)
+        b = np.array([], dtype=np.float64).reshape(0, 3)
+        assert_array_equal(np.where(m, 0, b), np.array([]).reshape(0, 3))
+
+        # object cast
+        d = np.array([-1.34, -0.16, -0.54, -0.31, -0.08, -0.95, 0.000, 0.313,
+                      0.547, -0.18, 0.876, 0.236, 1.969, 0.310, 0.699, 1.013,
+                      1.267, 0.229, -1.39, 0.487])
+        nan = float('NaN')
+        e = np.array(['5z', '0l', nan, 'Wz', nan, nan, 'Xq', 'cs', nan, nan,
+                     'QN', nan, nan, 'Fd', nan, nan, 'kp', nan, '36', 'i1'],
+                     dtype=object)
+        m = np.array([0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1,
+                      0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0], dtype=bool)
+
+        r = e[:]
+        r[np.where(m)] = d[np.where(m)]
+        assert_array_equal(np.where(m, d, e), r)
+
+        r = e[:]
+        r[np.where(~m)] = d[np.where(~m)]
+        assert_array_equal(np.where(m, e, d), r)
+
+        assert_array_equal(np.where(m, e, e), e)
+
+        # minimal dtype result with NaN scalar (e.g required by pandas)
+        d = np.array([1., 2.], dtype=np.float32)
+        e = float('NaN')
+        assert_equal(np.where(True, d, e).dtype, np.float32)
+        e = float('Infinity')
+        assert_equal(np.where(True, d, e).dtype, np.float32)
+        e = float('-Infinity')
+        assert_equal(np.where(True, d, e).dtype, np.float32)
+        # also check upcast
+        e = float(1e150)
+        assert_equal(np.where(True, d, e).dtype, np.float64)
+
+    def test_ndim(self):
+        c = [True, False]
+        a = np.zeros((2, 25))
+        b = np.ones((2, 25))
+        r = np.where(np.array(c)[:,np.newaxis], a, b)
+        assert_array_equal(r[0], a[0])
+        assert_array_equal(r[1], b[0])
+
+        a = a.T
+        b = b.T
+        r = np.where(c, a, b)
+        assert_array_equal(r[:,0], a[:,0])
+        assert_array_equal(r[:,1], b[:,0])
+
+    def test_dtype_mix(self):
+        c = np.array([False, True, False, False, False, False, True, False,
+                     False, False, True, False])
+        a = np.uint32(1)
+        b = np.array([5., 0., 3., 2., -1., -4., 0., -10., 10., 1., 0., 3.],
+                      dtype=np.float64)
+        r = np.array([5., 1., 3., 2., -1., -4., 1., -10., 10., 1., 1., 3.],
+                     dtype=np.float64)
+        assert_equal(np.where(c, a, b), r)
+
+        a = a.astype(np.float32)
+        b = b.astype(np.int64)
+        assert_equal(np.where(c, a, b), r)
+
+        # non bool mask
+        c = c.astype(int)
+        c[c != 0] = 34242324
+        assert_equal(np.where(c, a, b), r)
+        # invert
+        tmpmask = c != 0
+        c[c == 0] = 41247212
+        c[tmpmask] = 0
+        assert_equal(np.where(c, b, a), r)
+
+    def test_foreign(self):
+        c = np.array([False, True, False, False, False, False, True, False,
+                     False, False, True, False])
+        r = np.array([5., 1., 3., 2., -1., -4., 1., -10., 10., 1., 1., 3.],
+                     dtype=np.float64)
+        a = np.ones(1, dtype='>i4')
+        b = np.array([5., 0., 3., 2., -1., -4., 0., -10., 10., 1., 0., 3.],
+                     dtype=np.float64)
+        assert_equal(np.where(c, a, b), r)
+
+        b = b.astype('>f8')
+        assert_equal(np.where(c, a, b), r)
+
+        a = a.astype('i4')
+        assert_equal(np.where(c, a, b), r)
+
+    def test_error(self):
+        c = [True, True]
+        a = np.ones((4, 5))
+        b = np.ones((5, 5))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.where, c, a, a)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.where, c[0], a, b)
+
+    def test_string(self):
+        # gh-4778 check strings are properly filled with nulls
+        a = np.array("abc")
+        b = np.array("x" * 753)
+        assert_equal(np.where(True, a, b), "abc")
+        assert_equal(np.where(False, b, a), "abc")
+
+        # check native datatype sized strings
+        a = np.array("abcd")
+        b = np.array("x" * 8)
+        assert_equal(np.where(True, a, b), "abcd")
+        assert_equal(np.where(False, b, a), "abcd")
+
+    def test_empty_result(self):
+        # pass empty where result through an assignment which reads the data of
+        # empty arrays, error detectable with valgrind, see gh-8922
+        x = np.zeros((1, 1))
+        ibad = np.vstack(np.where(x == 99.))
+        assert_array_equal(ibad,
+                           np.atleast_2d(np.array([[],[]], dtype=np.intp)))
+
+    def test_largedim(self):
+        # invalid read regression gh-9304
+        shape = [10, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+        np.random.seed(2)
+        array = np.random.rand(*shape)
+
+        for i in range(10):
+            benchmark = array.nonzero()
+            result = array.nonzero()
+            assert_array_equal(benchmark, result)
+
+    def test_kwargs(self):
+        a = np.zeros(1)
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            np.where(a, x=a, y=a)
+
+
+if not IS_PYPY:
+    # sys.getsizeof() is not valid on PyPy
+    class TestSizeOf:
+
+        def test_empty_array(self):
+            x = np.array([])
+            assert_(sys.getsizeof(x) > 0)
+
+        def check_array(self, dtype):
+            elem_size = dtype(0).itemsize
+
+            for length in [10, 50, 100, 500]:
+                x = np.arange(length, dtype=dtype)
+                assert_(sys.getsizeof(x) > length * elem_size)
+
+        def test_array_int32(self):
+            self.check_array(np.int32)
+
+        def test_array_int64(self):
+            self.check_array(np.int64)
+
+        def test_array_float32(self):
+            self.check_array(np.float32)
+
+        def test_array_float64(self):
+            self.check_array(np.float64)
+
+        def test_view(self):
+            d = np.ones(100)
+            assert_(sys.getsizeof(d[...]) < sys.getsizeof(d))
+
+        def test_reshape(self):
+            d = np.ones(100)
+            assert_(sys.getsizeof(d) < sys.getsizeof(d.reshape(100, 1, 1).copy()))
+
+        @_no_tracing
+        def test_resize(self):
+            d = np.ones(100)
+            old = sys.getsizeof(d)
+            d.resize(50)
+            assert_(old > sys.getsizeof(d))
+            d.resize(150)
+            assert_(old < sys.getsizeof(d))
+
+        def test_error(self):
+            d = np.ones(100)
+            assert_raises(TypeError, d.__sizeof__, "a")
+
+
+class TestHashing:
+
+    def test_arrays_not_hashable(self):
+        x = np.ones(3)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, hash, x)
+
+    def test_collections_hashable(self):
+        x = np.array([])
+        assert_(not isinstance(x, collections.abc.Hashable))
+
+
+class TestArrayPriority:
+    # This will go away when __array_priority__ is settled, meanwhile
+    # it serves to check unintended changes.
+    op = operator
+    binary_ops = [
+        op.pow, op.add, op.sub, op.mul, op.floordiv, op.truediv, op.mod,
+        op.and_, op.or_, op.xor, op.lshift, op.rshift, op.mod, op.gt,
+        op.ge, op.lt, op.le, op.ne, op.eq
+        ]
+
+    class Foo(np.ndarray):
+        __array_priority__ = 100.
+
+        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            return np.array(*args, **kwargs).view(cls)
+
+    class Bar(np.ndarray):
+        __array_priority__ = 101.
+
+        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            return np.array(*args, **kwargs).view(cls)
+
+    class Other:
+        __array_priority__ = 1000.
+
+        def _all(self, other):
+            return self.__class__()
+
+        __add__ = __radd__ = _all
+        __sub__ = __rsub__ = _all
+        __mul__ = __rmul__ = _all
+        __pow__ = __rpow__ = _all
+        __div__ = __rdiv__ = _all
+        __mod__ = __rmod__ = _all
+        __truediv__ = __rtruediv__ = _all
+        __floordiv__ = __rfloordiv__ = _all
+        __and__ = __rand__ = _all
+        __xor__ = __rxor__ = _all
+        __or__ = __ror__ = _all
+        __lshift__ = __rlshift__ = _all
+        __rshift__ = __rrshift__ = _all
+        __eq__ = _all
+        __ne__ = _all
+        __gt__ = _all
+        __ge__ = _all
+        __lt__ = _all
+        __le__ = _all
+
+    def test_ndarray_subclass(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2])
+        b = self.Bar([1, 2])
+        for f in self.binary_ops:
+            msg = repr(f)
+            assert_(isinstance(f(a, b), self.Bar), msg)
+            assert_(isinstance(f(b, a), self.Bar), msg)
+
+    def test_ndarray_other(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2])
+        b = self.Other()
+        for f in self.binary_ops:
+            msg = repr(f)
+            assert_(isinstance(f(a, b), self.Other), msg)
+            assert_(isinstance(f(b, a), self.Other), msg)
+
+    def test_subclass_subclass(self):
+        a = self.Foo([1, 2])
+        b = self.Bar([1, 2])
+        for f in self.binary_ops:
+            msg = repr(f)
+            assert_(isinstance(f(a, b), self.Bar), msg)
+            assert_(isinstance(f(b, a), self.Bar), msg)
+
+    def test_subclass_other(self):
+        a = self.Foo([1, 2])
+        b = self.Other()
+        for f in self.binary_ops:
+            msg = repr(f)
+            assert_(isinstance(f(a, b), self.Other), msg)
+            assert_(isinstance(f(b, a), self.Other), msg)
+
+
+class TestBytestringArrayNonzero:
+
+    def test_empty_bstring_array_is_falsey(self):
+        assert_(not np.array([''], dtype=str))
+
+    def test_whitespace_bstring_array_is_falsey(self):
+        a = np.array(['spam'], dtype=str)
+        a[0] = '  \0\0'
+        assert_(not a)
+
+    def test_all_null_bstring_array_is_falsey(self):
+        a = np.array(['spam'], dtype=str)
+        a[0] = '\0\0\0\0'
+        assert_(not a)
+
+    def test_null_inside_bstring_array_is_truthy(self):
+        a = np.array(['spam'], dtype=str)
+        a[0] = ' \0 \0'
+        assert_(a)
+
+
+class TestUnicodeEncoding:
+    """
+    Tests for encoding related bugs, such as UCS2 vs UCS4, round-tripping
+    issues, etc
+    """
+    def test_round_trip(self):
+        """ Tests that GETITEM, SETITEM, and PyArray_Scalar roundtrip """
+        # gh-15363
+        arr = np.zeros(shape=(), dtype="U1")
+        for i in range(1, sys.maxunicode + 1):
+            expected = chr(i)
+            arr[()] = expected
+            assert arr[()] == expected
+            assert arr.item() == expected
+
+    def test_assign_scalar(self):
+        # gh-3258
+        l = np.array(['aa', 'bb'])
+        l[:] = np.str_('cc')
+        assert_equal(l, ['cc', 'cc'])
+
+    def test_fill_scalar(self):
+        # gh-7227
+        l = np.array(['aa', 'bb'])
+        l.fill(np.str_('cc'))
+        assert_equal(l, ['cc', 'cc'])
+
+
+class TestUnicodeArrayNonzero:
+
+    def test_empty_ustring_array_is_falsey(self):
+        assert_(not np.array([''], dtype=np.str_))
+
+    def test_whitespace_ustring_array_is_falsey(self):
+        a = np.array(['eggs'], dtype=np.str_)
+        a[0] = '  \0\0'
+        assert_(not a)
+
+    def test_all_null_ustring_array_is_falsey(self):
+        a = np.array(['eggs'], dtype=np.str_)
+        a[0] = '\0\0\0\0'
+        assert_(not a)
+
+    def test_null_inside_ustring_array_is_truthy(self):
+        a = np.array(['eggs'], dtype=np.str_)
+        a[0] = ' \0 \0'
+        assert_(a)
+
+
+class TestFormat:
+
+    def test_0d(self):
+        a = np.array(np.pi)
+        assert_equal('{:0.3g}'.format(a), '3.14')
+        assert_equal('{:0.3g}'.format(a[()]), '3.14')
+
+    def test_1d_no_format(self):
+        a = np.array([np.pi])
+        assert_equal('{}'.format(a), str(a))
+
+    def test_1d_format(self):
+        # until gh-5543, ensure that the behaviour matches what it used to be
+        a = np.array([np.pi])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, '{:30}'.format, a)
+
+from numpy.testing import IS_PYPY
+
+class TestCTypes:
+
+    def test_ctypes_is_available(self):
+        test_arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
+
+        assert_equal(ctypes, test_arr.ctypes._ctypes)
+        assert_equal(tuple(test_arr.ctypes.shape), (2, 3))
+
+    def test_ctypes_is_not_available(self):
+        from numpy.core import _internal
+        _internal.ctypes = None
+        try:
+            test_arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
+
+            assert_(isinstance(test_arr.ctypes._ctypes,
+                               _internal._missing_ctypes))
+            assert_equal(tuple(test_arr.ctypes.shape), (2, 3))
+        finally:
+            _internal.ctypes = ctypes
+
+    def _make_readonly(x):
+        x.flags.writeable = False
+        return x
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('arr', [
+        np.array([1, 2, 3]),
+        np.array([['one', 'two'], ['three', 'four']]),
+        np.array((1, 2), dtype='i4,i4'),
+        np.zeros((2,), dtype=
+            np.dtype(dict(
+                formats=['2, [44, 55])
+        assert_equal(a, np.array([[0, 44], [1, 55], [2, 44]]))
+        # hit one of the failing paths
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.place, a, a>20, [])
+
+    def test_put_noncontiguous(self):
+        a = np.arange(6).reshape(2,3).T # force non-c-contiguous
+        np.put(a, [0, 2], [44, 55])
+        assert_equal(a, np.array([[44, 3], [55, 4], [2, 5]]))
+
+    def test_putmask_noncontiguous(self):
+        a = np.arange(6).reshape(2,3).T # force non-c-contiguous
+        # uses arr_putmask
+        np.putmask(a, a>2, a**2)
+        assert_equal(a, np.array([[0, 9], [1, 16], [2, 25]]))
+
+    def test_take_mode_raise(self):
+        a = np.arange(6, dtype='int')
+        out = np.empty(2, dtype='int')
+        np.take(a, [0, 2], out=out, mode='raise')
+        assert_equal(out, np.array([0, 2]))
+
+    def test_choose_mod_raise(self):
+        a = np.array([[1, 0, 1], [0, 1, 0], [1, 0, 1]])
+        out = np.empty((3,3), dtype='int')
+        choices = [-10, 10]
+        np.choose(a, choices, out=out, mode='raise')
+        assert_equal(out, np.array([[ 10, -10,  10],
+                                    [-10,  10, -10],
+                                    [ 10, -10,  10]]))
+
+    def test_flatiter__array__(self):
+        a = np.arange(9).reshape(3,3)
+        b = a.T.flat
+        c = b.__array__()
+        # triggers the WRITEBACKIFCOPY resolution, assuming refcount semantics
+        del c
+
+    def test_dot_out(self):
+        # if HAVE_CBLAS, will use WRITEBACKIFCOPY
+        a = np.arange(9, dtype=float).reshape(3,3)
+        b = np.dot(a, a, out=a)
+        assert_equal(b, np.array([[15, 18, 21], [42, 54, 66], [69, 90, 111]]))
+
+    def test_view_assign(self):
+        from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import npy_create_writebackifcopy, npy_resolve
+
+        arr = np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3).T
+        arr_wb = npy_create_writebackifcopy(arr)
+        assert_(arr_wb.flags.writebackifcopy)
+        assert_(arr_wb.base is arr)
+        arr_wb[...] = -100
+        npy_resolve(arr_wb)
+        # arr changes after resolve, even though we assigned to arr_wb
+        assert_equal(arr, -100)
+        # after resolve, the two arrays no longer reference each other
+        assert_(arr_wb.ctypes.data != 0)
+        assert_equal(arr_wb.base, None)
+        # assigning to arr_wb does not get transferred to arr
+        arr_wb[...] = 100
+        assert_equal(arr, -100)
+
+    @pytest.mark.leaks_references(
+            reason="increments self in dealloc; ignore since deprecated path.")
+    def test_dealloc_warning(self):
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.record(RuntimeWarning)
+            arr = np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3)
+            v = arr.T
+            _multiarray_tests.npy_abuse_writebackifcopy(v)
+            assert len(sup.log) == 1
+
+    def test_view_discard_refcount(self):
+        from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import npy_create_writebackifcopy, npy_discard
+
+        arr = np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3).T
+        orig = arr.copy()
+        if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+            arr_cnt = sys.getrefcount(arr)
+        arr_wb = npy_create_writebackifcopy(arr)
+        assert_(arr_wb.flags.writebackifcopy)
+        assert_(arr_wb.base is arr)
+        arr_wb[...] = -100
+        npy_discard(arr_wb)
+        # arr remains unchanged after discard
+        assert_equal(arr, orig)
+        # after discard, the two arrays no longer reference each other
+        assert_(arr_wb.ctypes.data != 0)
+        assert_equal(arr_wb.base, None)
+        if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+            assert_equal(arr_cnt, sys.getrefcount(arr))
+        # assigning to arr_wb does not get transferred to arr
+        arr_wb[...] = 100
+        assert_equal(arr, orig)
+
+
+class TestArange:
+    def test_infinite(self):
+        assert_raises_regex(
+            ValueError, "size exceeded",
+            np.arange, 0, np.inf
+        )
+
+    def test_nan_step(self):
+        assert_raises_regex(
+            ValueError, "cannot compute length",
+            np.arange, 0, 1, np.nan
+        )
+
+    def test_zero_step(self):
+        assert_raises(ZeroDivisionError, np.arange, 0, 10, 0)
+        assert_raises(ZeroDivisionError, np.arange, 0.0, 10.0, 0.0)
+
+        # empty range
+        assert_raises(ZeroDivisionError, np.arange, 0, 0, 0)
+        assert_raises(ZeroDivisionError, np.arange, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+
+    def test_require_range(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange, step=3)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange, dtype='int64')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange, start=4)
+
+    def test_start_stop_kwarg(self):
+        keyword_stop = np.arange(stop=3)
+        keyword_zerotostop = np.arange(start=0, stop=3)
+        keyword_start_stop = np.arange(start=3, stop=9)
+
+        assert len(keyword_stop) == 3
+        assert len(keyword_zerotostop) == 3
+        assert len(keyword_start_stop) == 6
+        assert_array_equal(keyword_stop, keyword_zerotostop)
+
+    def test_arange_booleans(self):
+        # Arange makes some sense for booleans and works up to length 2.
+        # But it is weird since `arange(2, 4, dtype=bool)` works.
+        # Arguably, much or all of this could be deprecated/removed.
+        res = np.arange(False, dtype=bool)
+        assert_array_equal(res, np.array([], dtype="bool"))
+
+        res = np.arange(True, dtype="bool")
+        assert_array_equal(res, [False])
+
+        res = np.arange(2, dtype="bool")
+        assert_array_equal(res, [False, True])
+
+        # This case is especially weird, but drops out without special case:
+        res = np.arange(6, 8, dtype="bool")
+        assert_array_equal(res, [True, True])
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.arange(3, dtype="bool")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ["S3", "U", "5i"])
+    def test_rejects_bad_dtypes(self, dtype):
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+        DType_name = re.escape(str(type(dtype)))
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+                match=rf"arange\(\) not supported for inputs .* {DType_name}"):
+            np.arange(2, dtype=dtype)
+
+    def test_rejects_strings(self):
+        # Explicitly test error for strings which may call "b" - "a":
+        DType_name = re.escape(str(type(np.array("a").dtype)))
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+                match=rf"arange\(\) not supported for inputs .* {DType_name}"):
+            np.arange("a", "b")
+
+    def test_byteswapped(self):
+        res_be = np.arange(1, 1000, dtype=">i4")
+        res_le = np.arange(1, 1000, dtype="i4"
+        assert res_le.dtype == " arr2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [
+        operator.eq, operator.ne, operator.le, operator.lt, operator.ge,
+        operator.gt])
+def test_comparisons_forwards_error(op):
+    class NotArray:
+        def __array__(self):
+            raise TypeError("run you fools")
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="run you fools"):
+        op(np.arange(2), NotArray())
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="run you fools"):
+        op(NotArray(), np.arange(2))
+
+
+def test_richcompare_scalar_boolean_singleton_return():
+    # These are currently guaranteed to be the boolean singletons, but maybe
+    # returning NumPy booleans would also be OK:
+    assert (np.array(0) == "a") is False
+    assert (np.array(0) != "a") is True
+    assert (np.int16(0) == "a") is False
+    assert (np.int16(0) != "a") is True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [
+        operator.eq, operator.ne, operator.le, operator.lt, operator.ge,
+        operator.gt])
+def test_ragged_comparison_fails(op):
+    # This needs to convert the internal array to True/False, which fails:
+    a = np.array([1, np.array([1, 2, 3])], dtype=object)
+    b = np.array([1, np.array([1, 2, 3])], dtype=object)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="The truth value.*ambiguous"):
+        op(a, b)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ["fun", "npfun"],
+    [
+        (_multiarray_tests.npy_cabs, np.absolute),
+        (_multiarray_tests.npy_carg, np.angle)
+    ]
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("x", [1, np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("y", [1, np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_dtype", np.complexfloating.__subclasses__())
+def test_npymath_complex(fun, npfun, x, y, test_dtype):
+    # Smoketest npymath functions
+    z = test_dtype(complex(x, y))
+    with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+        # Fallback implementations may emit a warning for +-inf (see gh-24876):
+        #     RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in absolute
+        got = fun(z)
+        expected = npfun(z)
+        assert_allclose(got, expected)
+
+
+def test_npymath_real():
+    # Smoketest npymath functions
+    from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import (
+        npy_log10, npy_cosh, npy_sinh, npy_tan, npy_tanh)
+
+    funcs = {npy_log10: np.log10,
+             npy_cosh: np.cosh,
+             npy_sinh: np.sinh,
+             npy_tan: np.tan,
+             npy_tanh: np.tanh}
+    vals = (1, np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan)
+    types = (np.float32, np.float64, np.longdouble)
+
+    with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+        for fun, npfun in funcs.items():
+            for x, t in itertools.product(vals, types):
+                z = t(x)
+                got = fun(z)
+                expected = npfun(z)
+                assert_allclose(got, expected)
+
+def test_uintalignment_and_alignment():
+    # alignment code needs to satisfy these requirements:
+    #  1. numpy structs match C struct layout
+    #  2. ufuncs/casting is safe wrt to aligned access
+    #  3. copy code is safe wrt to "uint alidned" access
+    #
+    # Complex types are the main problem, whose alignment may not be the same
+    # as their "uint alignment".
+    #
+    # This test might only fail on certain platforms, where uint64 alignment is
+    # not equal to complex64 alignment. The second 2 tests will only fail
+    # for DEBUG=1.
+
+    d1 = np.dtype('u1,c8', align=True)
+    d2 = np.dtype('u4,c8', align=True)
+    d3 = np.dtype({'names': ['a', 'b'], 'formats': ['u1', d1]}, align=True)
+
+    assert_equal(np.zeros(1, dtype=d1)['f1'].flags['ALIGNED'], True)
+    assert_equal(np.zeros(1, dtype=d2)['f1'].flags['ALIGNED'], True)
+    assert_equal(np.zeros(1, dtype='u1,c8')['f1'].flags['ALIGNED'], False)
+
+    # check that C struct matches numpy struct size
+    s = _multiarray_tests.get_struct_alignments()
+    for d, (alignment, size) in zip([d1,d2,d3], s):
+        assert_equal(d.alignment, alignment)
+        assert_equal(d.itemsize, size)
+
+    # check that ufuncs don't complain in debug mode
+    # (this is probably OK if the aligned flag is true above)
+    src = np.zeros((2,2), dtype=d1)['f1']  # 4-byte aligned, often
+    np.exp(src)  # assert fails?
+
+    # check that copy code doesn't complain in debug mode
+    dst = np.zeros((2,2), dtype='c8')
+    dst[:,1] = src[:,1]  # assert in lowlevel_strided_loops fails?
+
+class TestAlignment:
+    # adapted from scipy._lib.tests.test__util.test__aligned_zeros
+    # Checks that unusual memory alignments don't trip up numpy.
+    # In particular, check RELAXED_STRIDES don't trip alignment assertions in
+    # NDEBUG mode for size-0 arrays (gh-12503)
+
+    def check(self, shape, dtype, order, align):
+        err_msg = repr((shape, dtype, order, align))
+        x = _aligned_zeros(shape, dtype, order, align=align)
+        if align is None:
+            align = np.dtype(dtype).alignment
+        assert_equal(x.__array_interface__['data'][0] % align, 0)
+        if hasattr(shape, '__len__'):
+            assert_equal(x.shape, shape, err_msg)
+        else:
+            assert_equal(x.shape, (shape,), err_msg)
+        assert_equal(x.dtype, dtype)
+        if order == "C":
+            assert_(x.flags.c_contiguous, err_msg)
+        elif order == "F":
+            if x.size > 0:
+                assert_(x.flags.f_contiguous, err_msg)
+        elif order is None:
+            assert_(x.flags.c_contiguous, err_msg)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError()
+
+    def test_various_alignments(self):
+        for align in [1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 32, 64, None]:
+            for n in [0, 1, 3, 11]:
+                for order in ["C", "F", None]:
+                    for dtype in list(np.typecodes["All"]) + ['i4,i4,i4']:
+                        if dtype == 'O':
+                            # object dtype can't be misaligned
+                            continue
+                        for shape in [n, (1, 2, 3, n)]:
+                            self.check(shape, np.dtype(dtype), order, align)
+
+    def test_strided_loop_alignments(self):
+        # particularly test that complex64 and float128 use right alignment
+        # code-paths, since these are particularly problematic. It is useful to
+        # turn on USE_DEBUG for this test, so lowlevel-loop asserts are run.
+        for align in [1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, None]:
+            xf64 = _aligned_zeros(3, np.float64)
+
+            xc64 = _aligned_zeros(3, np.complex64, align=align)
+            xf128 = _aligned_zeros(3, np.longdouble, align=align)
+
+            # test casting, both to and from misaligned
+            with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+                sup.filter(np.ComplexWarning, "Casting complex values")
+                xc64.astype('f8')
+            xf64.astype(np.complex64)
+            test = xc64 + xf64
+
+            xf128.astype('f8')
+            xf64.astype(np.longdouble)
+            test = xf128 + xf64
+
+            test = xf128 + xc64
+
+            # test copy, both to and from misaligned
+            # contig copy
+            xf64[:] = xf64.copy()
+            xc64[:] = xc64.copy()
+            xf128[:] = xf128.copy()
+            # strided copy
+            xf64[::2] = xf64[::2].copy()
+            xc64[::2] = xc64[::2].copy()
+            xf128[::2] = xf128[::2].copy()
+
+def test_getfield():
+    a = np.arange(32, dtype='uint16')
+    if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+        i = 0
+        j = 1
+    else:
+        i = 1
+        j = 0
+    b = a.getfield('int8', i)
+    assert_equal(b, a)
+    b = a.getfield('int8', j)
+    assert_equal(b, 0)
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, a.getfield, 'uint8', -1)
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, a.getfield, 'uint8', 16)
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, a.getfield, 'uint64', 0)
+
+
+class TestViewDtype:
+    """
+    Verify that making a view of a non-contiguous array works as expected.
+    """
+    def test_smaller_dtype_multiple(self):
+        # x is non-contiguous
+        x = np.arange(10, dtype=' rc_a)
+        assert_(sys.getrefcount(dt) > rc_dt)
+    # del 'it'
+    it = None
+    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(a), rc_a)
+    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(dt), rc_dt)
+
+    # With a copy
+    a = arange(6, dtype='f4')
+    dt = np.dtype('f4')
+    rc_a = sys.getrefcount(a)
+    rc_dt = sys.getrefcount(dt)
+    it = nditer(a, [],
+                [['readwrite']],
+                op_dtypes=[dt])
+    rc2_a = sys.getrefcount(a)
+    rc2_dt = sys.getrefcount(dt)
+    it2 = it.copy()
+    assert_(sys.getrefcount(a) > rc2_a)
+    assert_(sys.getrefcount(dt) > rc2_dt)
+    it = None
+    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(a), rc2_a)
+    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(dt), rc2_dt)
+    it2 = None
+    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(a), rc_a)
+    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(dt), rc_dt)
+
+    del it2  # avoid pyflakes unused variable warning
+
+def test_iter_best_order():
+    # The iterator should always find the iteration order
+    # with increasing memory addresses
+
+    # Test the ordering for 1-D to 5-D shapes
+    for shape in [(5,), (3, 4), (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4, 3), (2, 3, 2, 2, 3)]:
+        a = arange(np.prod(shape))
+        # Test each combination of positive and negative strides
+        for dirs in range(2**len(shape)):
+            dirs_index = [slice(None)]*len(shape)
+            for bit in range(len(shape)):
+                if ((2**bit) & dirs):
+                    dirs_index[bit] = slice(None, None, -1)
+            dirs_index = tuple(dirs_index)
+
+            aview = a.reshape(shape)[dirs_index]
+            # C-order
+            i = nditer(aview, [], [['readonly']])
+            assert_equal([x for x in i], a)
+            # Fortran-order
+            i = nditer(aview.T, [], [['readonly']])
+            assert_equal([x for x in i], a)
+            # Other order
+            if len(shape) > 2:
+                i = nditer(aview.swapaxes(0, 1), [], [['readonly']])
+                assert_equal([x for x in i], a)
+
+def test_iter_c_order():
+    # Test forcing C order
+
+    # Test the ordering for 1-D to 5-D shapes
+    for shape in [(5,), (3, 4), (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4, 3), (2, 3, 2, 2, 3)]:
+        a = arange(np.prod(shape))
+        # Test each combination of positive and negative strides
+        for dirs in range(2**len(shape)):
+            dirs_index = [slice(None)]*len(shape)
+            for bit in range(len(shape)):
+                if ((2**bit) & dirs):
+                    dirs_index[bit] = slice(None, None, -1)
+            dirs_index = tuple(dirs_index)
+
+            aview = a.reshape(shape)[dirs_index]
+            # C-order
+            i = nditer(aview, order='C')
+            assert_equal([x for x in i], aview.ravel(order='C'))
+            # Fortran-order
+            i = nditer(aview.T, order='C')
+            assert_equal([x for x in i], aview.T.ravel(order='C'))
+            # Other order
+            if len(shape) > 2:
+                i = nditer(aview.swapaxes(0, 1), order='C')
+                assert_equal([x for x in i],
+                                    aview.swapaxes(0, 1).ravel(order='C'))
+
+def test_iter_f_order():
+    # Test forcing F order
+
+    # Test the ordering for 1-D to 5-D shapes
+    for shape in [(5,), (3, 4), (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4, 3), (2, 3, 2, 2, 3)]:
+        a = arange(np.prod(shape))
+        # Test each combination of positive and negative strides
+        for dirs in range(2**len(shape)):
+            dirs_index = [slice(None)]*len(shape)
+            for bit in range(len(shape)):
+                if ((2**bit) & dirs):
+                    dirs_index[bit] = slice(None, None, -1)
+            dirs_index = tuple(dirs_index)
+
+            aview = a.reshape(shape)[dirs_index]
+            # C-order
+            i = nditer(aview, order='F')
+            assert_equal([x for x in i], aview.ravel(order='F'))
+            # Fortran-order
+            i = nditer(aview.T, order='F')
+            assert_equal([x for x in i], aview.T.ravel(order='F'))
+            # Other order
+            if len(shape) > 2:
+                i = nditer(aview.swapaxes(0, 1), order='F')
+                assert_equal([x for x in i],
+                                    aview.swapaxes(0, 1).ravel(order='F'))
+
+def test_iter_c_or_f_order():
+    # Test forcing any contiguous (C or F) order
+
+    # Test the ordering for 1-D to 5-D shapes
+    for shape in [(5,), (3, 4), (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4, 3), (2, 3, 2, 2, 3)]:
+        a = arange(np.prod(shape))
+        # Test each combination of positive and negative strides
+        for dirs in range(2**len(shape)):
+            dirs_index = [slice(None)]*len(shape)
+            for bit in range(len(shape)):
+                if ((2**bit) & dirs):
+                    dirs_index[bit] = slice(None, None, -1)
+            dirs_index = tuple(dirs_index)
+
+            aview = a.reshape(shape)[dirs_index]
+            # C-order
+            i = nditer(aview, order='A')
+            assert_equal([x for x in i], aview.ravel(order='A'))
+            # Fortran-order
+            i = nditer(aview.T, order='A')
+            assert_equal([x for x in i], aview.T.ravel(order='A'))
+            # Other order
+            if len(shape) > 2:
+                i = nditer(aview.swapaxes(0, 1), order='A')
+                assert_equal([x for x in i],
+                                    aview.swapaxes(0, 1).ravel(order='A'))
+
+def test_nditer_multi_index_set():
+    # Test the multi_index set
+    a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
+    it = np.nditer(a, flags=['multi_index'])
+
+    # Removes the iteration on two first elements of a[0]
+    it.multi_index = (0, 2,)
+
+    assert_equal([i for i in it], [2, 3, 4, 5])
+    
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_REFCOUNT, reason="Python lacks refcounts")
+def test_nditer_multi_index_set_refcount():
+    # Test if the reference count on index variable is decreased
+    
+    index = 0
+    i = np.nditer(np.array([111, 222, 333, 444]), flags=['multi_index'])
+
+    start_count = sys.getrefcount(index)
+    i.multi_index = (index,)
+    end_count = sys.getrefcount(index)
+    
+    assert_equal(start_count, end_count)
+
+def test_iter_best_order_multi_index_1d():
+    # The multi-indices should be correct with any reordering
+
+    a = arange(4)
+    # 1D order
+    i = nditer(a, ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i), [(0,), (1,), (2,), (3,)])
+    # 1D reversed order
+    i = nditer(a[::-1], ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i), [(3,), (2,), (1,), (0,)])
+
+def test_iter_best_order_multi_index_2d():
+    # The multi-indices should be correct with any reordering
+
+    a = arange(6)
+    # 2D C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3), ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i), [(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2)])
+    # 2D Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F'), ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i), [(0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2)])
+    # 2D reversed C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3)[::-1], ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i), [(1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3)[:, ::-1], ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i), [(0, 2), (0, 1), (0, 0), (1, 2), (1, 1), (1, 0)])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3)[::-1, ::-1], ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i), [(1, 2), (1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 2), (0, 1), (0, 0)])
+    # 2D reversed Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F')[::-1], ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i), [(1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1), (1, 2), (0, 2)])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F')[:, ::-1],
+                                                   ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i), [(0, 2), (1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 1), (0, 0), (1, 0)])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F')[::-1, ::-1],
+                                                   ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i), [(1, 2), (0, 2), (1, 1), (0, 1), (1, 0), (0, 0)])
+
+def test_iter_best_order_multi_index_3d():
+    # The multi-indices should be correct with any reordering
+
+    a = arange(12)
+    # 3D C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2), ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i),
+                            [(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1), (0, 2, 0), (0, 2, 1),
+                             (1, 0, 0), (1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1), (1, 2, 0), (1, 2, 1)])
+    # 3D Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F'), ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i),
+                            [(0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (1, 1, 0), (0, 2, 0), (1, 2, 0),
+                             (0, 0, 1), (1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (0, 2, 1), (1, 2, 1)])
+    # 3D reversed C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2)[::-1], ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i),
+                            [(1, 0, 0), (1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1), (1, 2, 0), (1, 2, 1),
+                             (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1), (0, 2, 0), (0, 2, 1)])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2)[:, ::-1], ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i),
+                            [(0, 2, 0), (0, 2, 1), (0, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1),
+                             (1, 2, 0), (1, 2, 1), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1), (1, 0, 0), (1, 0, 1)])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2)[:,:, ::-1], ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i),
+                            [(0, 0, 1), (0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 1), (0, 1, 0), (0, 2, 1), (0, 2, 0),
+                             (1, 0, 1), (1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 0), (1, 2, 1), (1, 2, 0)])
+    # 3D reversed Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F')[::-1],
+                                                    ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i),
+                            [(1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 0), (1, 2, 0), (0, 2, 0),
+                             (1, 0, 1), (0, 0, 1), (1, 1, 1), (0, 1, 1), (1, 2, 1), (0, 2, 1)])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F')[:, ::-1],
+                                                    ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i),
+                            [(0, 2, 0), (1, 2, 0), (0, 1, 0), (1, 1, 0), (0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0),
+                             (0, 2, 1), (1, 2, 1), (0, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (0, 0, 1), (1, 0, 1)])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F')[:,:, ::-1],
+                                                    ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_multi_index(i),
+                            [(0, 0, 1), (1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (0, 2, 1), (1, 2, 1),
+                             (0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (1, 1, 0), (0, 2, 0), (1, 2, 0)])
+
+def test_iter_best_order_c_index_1d():
+    # The C index should be correct with any reordering
+
+    a = arange(4)
+    # 1D order
+    i = nditer(a, ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [0, 1, 2, 3])
+    # 1D reversed order
+    i = nditer(a[::-1], ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [3, 2, 1, 0])
+
+def test_iter_best_order_c_index_2d():
+    # The C index should be correct with any reordering
+
+    a = arange(6)
+    # 2D C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3), ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+    # 2D Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F'),
+                                    ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5])
+    # 2D reversed C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3)[::-1], ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [3, 4, 5, 0, 1, 2])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3)[:, ::-1], ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [2, 1, 0, 5, 4, 3])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3)[::-1, ::-1], ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0])
+    # 2D reversed Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F')[::-1],
+                                    ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [3, 0, 4, 1, 5, 2])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F')[:, ::-1],
+                                    ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [2, 5, 1, 4, 0, 3])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F')[::-1, ::-1],
+                                    ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [5, 2, 4, 1, 3, 0])
+
+def test_iter_best_order_c_index_3d():
+    # The C index should be correct with any reordering
+
+    a = arange(12)
+    # 3D C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2), ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11])
+    # 3D Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F'),
+                                    ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [0, 6, 2, 8, 4, 10, 1, 7, 3, 9, 5, 11])
+    # 3D reversed C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2)[::-1], ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2)[:, ::-1], ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1, 10, 11, 8, 9, 6, 7])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2)[:,:, ::-1], ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10])
+    # 3D reversed Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F')[::-1],
+                                    ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [6, 0, 8, 2, 10, 4, 7, 1, 9, 3, 11, 5])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F')[:, ::-1],
+                                    ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [4, 10, 2, 8, 0, 6, 5, 11, 3, 9, 1, 7])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F')[:,:, ::-1],
+                                    ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [1, 7, 3, 9, 5, 11, 0, 6, 2, 8, 4, 10])
+
+def test_iter_best_order_f_index_1d():
+    # The Fortran index should be correct with any reordering
+
+    a = arange(4)
+    # 1D order
+    i = nditer(a, ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [0, 1, 2, 3])
+    # 1D reversed order
+    i = nditer(a[::-1], ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [3, 2, 1, 0])
+
+def test_iter_best_order_f_index_2d():
+    # The Fortran index should be correct with any reordering
+
+    a = arange(6)
+    # 2D C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3), ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5])
+    # 2D Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F'),
+                                    ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+    # 2D reversed C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3)[::-1], ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [1, 3, 5, 0, 2, 4])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3)[:, ::-1], ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [4, 2, 0, 5, 3, 1])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3)[::-1, ::-1], ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [5, 3, 1, 4, 2, 0])
+    # 2D reversed Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F')[::-1],
+                                    ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F')[:, ::-1],
+                                    ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3).copy(order='F')[::-1, ::-1],
+                                    ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i), [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0])
+
+def test_iter_best_order_f_index_3d():
+    # The Fortran index should be correct with any reordering
+
+    a = arange(12)
+    # 3D C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2), ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [0, 6, 2, 8, 4, 10, 1, 7, 3, 9, 5, 11])
+    # 3D Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F'),
+                                    ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11])
+    # 3D reversed C-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2)[::-1], ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [1, 7, 3, 9, 5, 11, 0, 6, 2, 8, 4, 10])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2)[:, ::-1], ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [4, 10, 2, 8, 0, 6, 5, 11, 3, 9, 1, 7])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2)[:,:, ::-1], ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [6, 0, 8, 2, 10, 4, 7, 1, 9, 3, 11, 5])
+    # 3D reversed Fortran-order
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F')[::-1],
+                                    ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F')[:, ::-1],
+                                    ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1, 10, 11, 8, 9, 6, 7])
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 3, 2).copy(order='F')[:,:, ::-1],
+                                    ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(iter_indices(i),
+                            [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+
+def test_iter_no_inner_full_coalesce():
+    # Check no_inner iterators which coalesce into a single inner loop
+
+    for shape in [(5,), (3, 4), (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4, 3), (2, 3, 2, 2, 3)]:
+        size = np.prod(shape)
+        a = arange(size)
+        # Test each combination of forward and backwards indexing
+        for dirs in range(2**len(shape)):
+            dirs_index = [slice(None)]*len(shape)
+            for bit in range(len(shape)):
+                if ((2**bit) & dirs):
+                    dirs_index[bit] = slice(None, None, -1)
+            dirs_index = tuple(dirs_index)
+
+            aview = a.reshape(shape)[dirs_index]
+            # C-order
+            i = nditer(aview, ['external_loop'], [['readonly']])
+            assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+            assert_equal(i[0].shape, (size,))
+            # Fortran-order
+            i = nditer(aview.T, ['external_loop'], [['readonly']])
+            assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+            assert_equal(i[0].shape, (size,))
+            # Other order
+            if len(shape) > 2:
+                i = nditer(aview.swapaxes(0, 1),
+                                    ['external_loop'], [['readonly']])
+                assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+                assert_equal(i[0].shape, (size,))
+
+def test_iter_no_inner_dim_coalescing():
+    # Check no_inner iterators whose dimensions may not coalesce completely
+
+    # Skipping the last element in a dimension prevents coalescing
+    # with the next-bigger dimension
+    a = arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)[:,:, :-1]
+    i = nditer(a, ['external_loop'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].shape, (3,))
+    a = arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)[:, :-1,:]
+    i = nditer(a, ['external_loop'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].shape, (8,))
+    a = arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)[:-1,:,:]
+    i = nditer(a, ['external_loop'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+    assert_equal(i[0].shape, (12,))
+
+    # Even with lots of 1-sized dimensions, should still coalesce
+    a = arange(24).reshape(1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1)
+    i = nditer(a, ['external_loop'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+    assert_equal(i[0].shape, (24,))
+
+def test_iter_dim_coalescing():
+    # Check that the correct number of dimensions are coalesced
+
+    # Tracking a multi-index disables coalescing
+    a = arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)
+    i = nditer(a, ['multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 3)
+
+    # A tracked index can allow coalescing if it's compatible with the array
+    a3d = arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)
+    i = nditer(a3d, ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+    i = nditer(a3d.swapaxes(0, 1), ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 3)
+    i = nditer(a3d.T, ['c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 3)
+    i = nditer(a3d.T, ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+    i = nditer(a3d.T.swapaxes(0, 1), ['f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 3)
+
+    # When C or F order is forced, coalescing may still occur
+    a3d = arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)
+    i = nditer(a3d, order='C')
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+    i = nditer(a3d.T, order='C')
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 3)
+    i = nditer(a3d, order='F')
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 3)
+    i = nditer(a3d.T, order='F')
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+    i = nditer(a3d, order='A')
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+    i = nditer(a3d.T, order='A')
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+
+def test_iter_broadcasting():
+    # Standard NumPy broadcasting rules
+
+    # 1D with scalar
+    i = nditer([arange(6), np.int32(2)], ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 6)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (6,))
+
+    # 2D with scalar
+    i = nditer([arange(6).reshape(2, 3), np.int32(2)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 6)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (2, 3))
+    # 2D with 1D
+    i = nditer([arange(6).reshape(2, 3), arange(3)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 6)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (2, 3))
+    i = nditer([arange(2).reshape(2, 1), arange(3)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 6)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (2, 3))
+    # 2D with 2D
+    i = nditer([arange(2).reshape(2, 1), arange(3).reshape(1, 3)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 6)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (2, 3))
+
+    # 3D with scalar
+    i = nditer([np.int32(2), arange(24).reshape(4, 2, 3)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 24)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (4, 2, 3))
+    # 3D with 1D
+    i = nditer([arange(3), arange(24).reshape(4, 2, 3)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 24)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (4, 2, 3))
+    i = nditer([arange(3), arange(8).reshape(4, 2, 1)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 24)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (4, 2, 3))
+    # 3D with 2D
+    i = nditer([arange(6).reshape(2, 3), arange(24).reshape(4, 2, 3)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 24)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (4, 2, 3))
+    i = nditer([arange(2).reshape(2, 1), arange(24).reshape(4, 2, 3)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 24)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (4, 2, 3))
+    i = nditer([arange(3).reshape(1, 3), arange(8).reshape(4, 2, 1)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 24)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (4, 2, 3))
+    # 3D with 3D
+    i = nditer([arange(2).reshape(1, 2, 1), arange(3).reshape(1, 1, 3),
+                        arange(4).reshape(4, 1, 1)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*3)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 24)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (4, 2, 3))
+    i = nditer([arange(6).reshape(1, 2, 3), arange(4).reshape(4, 1, 1)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 24)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (4, 2, 3))
+    i = nditer([arange(24).reshape(4, 2, 3), arange(12).reshape(4, 1, 3)],
+                        ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 24)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (4, 2, 3))
+
+def test_iter_itershape():
+    # Check that allocated outputs work with a specified shape
+    a = np.arange(6, dtype='i2').reshape(2, 3)
+    i = nditer([a, None], [], [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                            op_axes=[[0, 1, None], None],
+                            itershape=(-1, -1, 4))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].shape, (2, 3, 4))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].strides, (24, 8, 2))
+
+    i = nditer([a.T, None], [], [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                            op_axes=[[0, 1, None], None],
+                            itershape=(-1, -1, 4))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].shape, (3, 2, 4))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].strides, (8, 24, 2))
+
+    i = nditer([a.T, None], [], [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                            order='F',
+                            op_axes=[[0, 1, None], None],
+                            itershape=(-1, -1, 4))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].shape, (3, 2, 4))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].strides, (2, 6, 12))
+
+    # If we specify 1 in the itershape, it shouldn't allow broadcasting
+    # of that dimension to a bigger value
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, None], [],
+                            [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                            op_axes=[[0, 1, None], None],
+                            itershape=(-1, 1, 4))
+    # Test bug that for no op_axes but itershape, they are NULLed correctly
+    i = np.nditer([np.ones(2), None, None], itershape=(2,))
+
+def test_iter_broadcasting_errors():
+    # Check that errors are thrown for bad broadcasting shapes
+
+    # 1D with 1D
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [arange(2), arange(3)],
+                    [], [['readonly']]*2)
+    # 2D with 1D
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer,
+                    [arange(6).reshape(2, 3), arange(2)],
+                    [], [['readonly']]*2)
+    # 2D with 2D
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer,
+                    [arange(6).reshape(2, 3), arange(9).reshape(3, 3)],
+                    [], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer,
+                    [arange(6).reshape(2, 3), arange(4).reshape(2, 2)],
+                    [], [['readonly']]*2)
+    # 3D with 3D
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer,
+                    [arange(36).reshape(3, 3, 4), arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)],
+                    [], [['readonly']]*2)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer,
+                    [arange(8).reshape(2, 4, 1), arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)],
+                    [], [['readonly']]*2)
+
+    # Verify that the error message mentions the right shapes
+    try:
+        nditer([arange(2).reshape(1, 2, 1),
+                arange(3).reshape(1, 3),
+                arange(6).reshape(2, 3)],
+               [],
+               [['readonly'], ['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'no_broadcast']])
+        raise AssertionError('Should have raised a broadcast error')
+    except ValueError as e:
+        msg = str(e)
+        # The message should contain the shape of the 3rd operand
+        assert_(msg.find('(2,3)') >= 0,
+                'Message "%s" doesn\'t contain operand shape (2,3)' % msg)
+        # The message should contain the broadcast shape
+        assert_(msg.find('(1,2,3)') >= 0,
+                'Message "%s" doesn\'t contain broadcast shape (1,2,3)' % msg)
+
+    try:
+        nditer([arange(6).reshape(2, 3), arange(2)],
+               [],
+               [['readonly'], ['readonly']],
+               op_axes=[[0, 1], [0, np.newaxis]],
+               itershape=(4, 3))
+        raise AssertionError('Should have raised a broadcast error')
+    except ValueError as e:
+        msg = str(e)
+        # The message should contain "shape->remappedshape" for each operand
+        assert_(msg.find('(2,3)->(2,3)') >= 0,
+            'Message "%s" doesn\'t contain operand shape (2,3)->(2,3)' % msg)
+        assert_(msg.find('(2,)->(2,newaxis)') >= 0,
+                ('Message "%s" doesn\'t contain remapped operand shape' +
+                '(2,)->(2,newaxis)') % msg)
+        # The message should contain the itershape parameter
+        assert_(msg.find('(4,3)') >= 0,
+                'Message "%s" doesn\'t contain itershape parameter (4,3)' % msg)
+
+    try:
+        nditer([np.zeros((2, 1, 1)), np.zeros((2,))],
+               [],
+               [['writeonly', 'no_broadcast'], ['readonly']])
+        raise AssertionError('Should have raised a broadcast error')
+    except ValueError as e:
+        msg = str(e)
+        # The message should contain the shape of the bad operand
+        assert_(msg.find('(2,1,1)') >= 0,
+            'Message "%s" doesn\'t contain operand shape (2,1,1)' % msg)
+        # The message should contain the broadcast shape
+        assert_(msg.find('(2,1,2)') >= 0,
+                'Message "%s" doesn\'t contain the broadcast shape (2,1,2)' % msg)
+
+def test_iter_flags_errors():
+    # Check that bad combinations of flags produce errors
+
+    a = arange(6)
+
+    # Not enough operands
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [], [], [])
+    # Too many operands
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a]*100, [], [['readonly']]*100)
+    # Bad global flag
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a], ['bad flag'], [['readonly']])
+    # Bad op flag
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a], [], [['readonly', 'bad flag']])
+    # Bad order parameter
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a], [], [['readonly']], order='G')
+    # Bad casting parameter
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a], [], [['readonly']], casting='noon')
+    # op_flags must match ops
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a]*3, [], [['readonly']]*2)
+    # Cannot track both a C and an F index
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, a,
+                ['c_index', 'f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    # Inner iteration and multi-indices/indices are incompatible
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, a,
+                ['external_loop', 'multi_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, a,
+                ['external_loop', 'c_index'], [['readonly']])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, a,
+                ['external_loop', 'f_index'], [['readonly']])
+    # Must specify exactly one of readwrite/readonly/writeonly per operand
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, a, [], [[]])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, a, [], [['readonly', 'writeonly']])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, a, [], [['readonly', 'readwrite']])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, a, [], [['writeonly', 'readwrite']])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, a,
+                [], [['readonly', 'writeonly', 'readwrite']])
+    # Python scalars are always readonly
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, 1.5, [], [['writeonly']])
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, 1.5, [], [['readwrite']])
+    # Array scalars are always readonly
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, np.int32(1), [], [['writeonly']])
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, np.int32(1), [], [['readwrite']])
+    # Check readonly array
+    a.flags.writeable = False
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, a, [], [['writeonly']])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, a, [], [['readwrite']])
+    a.flags.writeable = True
+    # Multi-indices available only with the multi_index flag
+    i = nditer(arange(6), [], [['readonly']])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, lambda i:i.multi_index, i)
+    # Index available only with an index flag
+    assert_raises(ValueError, lambda i:i.index, i)
+    # GotoCoords and GotoIndex incompatible with buffering or no_inner
+
+    def assign_multi_index(i):
+        i.multi_index = (0,)
+
+    def assign_index(i):
+        i.index = 0
+
+    def assign_iterindex(i):
+        i.iterindex = 0
+
+    def assign_iterrange(i):
+        i.iterrange = (0, 1)
+    i = nditer(arange(6), ['external_loop'])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, assign_multi_index, i)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, assign_index, i)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, assign_iterindex, i)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, assign_iterrange, i)
+    i = nditer(arange(6), ['buffered'])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, assign_multi_index, i)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, assign_index, i)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, assign_iterrange, i)
+    # Can't iterate if size is zero
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, np.array([]))
+
+def test_iter_slice():
+    a, b, c = np.arange(3), np.arange(3), np.arange(3.)
+    i = nditer([a, b, c], [], ['readwrite'])
+    with i:
+        i[0:2] = (3, 3)
+        assert_equal(a, [3, 1, 2])
+        assert_equal(b, [3, 1, 2])
+        assert_equal(c, [0, 1, 2])
+        i[1] = 12
+        assert_equal(i[0:2], [3, 12])
+
+def test_iter_assign_mapping():
+    a = np.arange(24, dtype='f8').reshape(2, 3, 4).T
+    it = np.nditer(a, [], [['readwrite', 'updateifcopy']],
+                       casting='same_kind', op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+    with it:
+        it.operands[0][...] = 3
+        it.operands[0][...] = 14
+    assert_equal(a, 14)
+    it = np.nditer(a, [], [['readwrite', 'updateifcopy']],
+                       casting='same_kind', op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+    with it:
+        x = it.operands[0][-1:1]
+        x[...] = 14
+        it.operands[0][...] = -1234
+    assert_equal(a, -1234)
+    # check for no warnings on dealloc
+    x = None
+    it = None
+
+def test_iter_nbo_align_contig():
+    # Check that byte order, alignment, and contig changes work
+
+    # Byte order change by requesting a specific dtype
+    a = np.arange(6, dtype='f4')
+    au = a.byteswap().newbyteorder()
+    assert_(a.dtype.byteorder != au.dtype.byteorder)
+    i = nditer(au, [], [['readwrite', 'updateifcopy']],
+                        casting='equiv',
+                        op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+    with i:
+        # context manager triggers WRITEBACKIFCOPY on i at exit
+        assert_equal(i.dtypes[0].byteorder, a.dtype.byteorder)
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0].dtype.byteorder, a.dtype.byteorder)
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0], a)
+        i.operands[0][:] = 2
+    assert_equal(au, [2]*6)
+    del i  # should not raise a warning
+    # Byte order change by requesting NBO
+    a = np.arange(6, dtype='f4')
+    au = a.byteswap().newbyteorder()
+    assert_(a.dtype.byteorder != au.dtype.byteorder)
+    with nditer(au, [], [['readwrite', 'updateifcopy', 'nbo']],
+                        casting='equiv') as i:
+        # context manager triggers UPDATEIFCOPY on i at exit
+        assert_equal(i.dtypes[0].byteorder, a.dtype.byteorder)
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0].dtype.byteorder, a.dtype.byteorder)
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0], a)
+        i.operands[0][:] = 12345
+        i.operands[0][:] = 2
+    assert_equal(au, [2]*6)
+
+    # Unaligned input
+    a = np.zeros((6*4+1,), dtype='i1')[1:]
+    a.dtype = 'f4'
+    a[:] = np.arange(6, dtype='f4')
+    assert_(not a.flags.aligned)
+    # Without 'aligned', shouldn't copy
+    i = nditer(a, [], [['readonly']])
+    assert_(not i.operands[0].flags.aligned)
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0], a)
+    # With 'aligned', should make a copy
+    with nditer(a, [], [['readwrite', 'updateifcopy', 'aligned']]) as i:
+        assert_(i.operands[0].flags.aligned)
+        # context manager triggers UPDATEIFCOPY on i at exit
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0], a)
+        i.operands[0][:] = 3
+    assert_equal(a, [3]*6)
+
+    # Discontiguous input
+    a = arange(12)
+    # If it is contiguous, shouldn't copy
+    i = nditer(a[:6], [], [['readonly']])
+    assert_(i.operands[0].flags.contiguous)
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0], a[:6])
+    # If it isn't contiguous, should buffer
+    i = nditer(a[::2], ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                        [['readonly', 'contig']],
+                        buffersize=10)
+    assert_(i[0].flags.contiguous)
+    assert_equal(i[0], a[::2])
+
+def test_iter_array_cast():
+    # Check that arrays are cast as requested
+
+    # No cast 'f4' -> 'f4'
+    a = np.arange(6, dtype='f4').reshape(2, 3)
+    i = nditer(a, [], [['readwrite']], op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+    with i:
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0], a)
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0].dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+
+    # Byte-order cast ' '>f4'
+    a = np.arange(6, dtype='f4')]) as i:
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0], a)
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0].dtype, np.dtype('>f4'))
+
+    # Safe case 'f4' -> 'f8'
+    a = np.arange(24, dtype='f4').reshape(2, 3, 4).swapaxes(1, 2)
+    i = nditer(a, [], [['readonly', 'copy']],
+            casting='safe',
+            op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f8')])
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0], a)
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0].dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+    # The memory layout of the temporary should match a (a is (48,4,16))
+    # except negative strides get flipped to positive strides.
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0].strides, (96, 8, 32))
+    a = a[::-1,:, ::-1]
+    i = nditer(a, [], [['readonly', 'copy']],
+            casting='safe',
+            op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f8')])
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0], a)
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0].dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0].strides, (96, 8, 32))
+
+    # Same-kind cast 'f8' -> 'f4' -> 'f8'
+    a = np.arange(24, dtype='f8').reshape(2, 3, 4).T
+    with nditer(a, [],
+            [['readwrite', 'updateifcopy']],
+            casting='same_kind',
+            op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')]) as i:
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0], a)
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0].dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0].strides, (4, 16, 48))
+        # Check that WRITEBACKIFCOPY is activated at exit
+        i.operands[0][2, 1, 1] = -12.5
+        assert_(a[2, 1, 1] != -12.5)
+    assert_equal(a[2, 1, 1], -12.5)
+
+    a = np.arange(6, dtype='i4')[::-2]
+    with nditer(a, [],
+            [['writeonly', 'updateifcopy']],
+            casting='unsafe',
+            op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')]) as i:
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0].dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+        # Even though the stride was negative in 'a', it
+        # becomes positive in the temporary
+        assert_equal(i.operands[0].strides, (4,))
+        i.operands[0][:] = [1, 2, 3]
+    assert_equal(a, [1, 2, 3])
+
+def test_iter_array_cast_errors():
+    # Check that invalid casts are caught
+
+    # Need to enable copying for casts to occur
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, arange(2, dtype='f4'), [],
+                [['readonly']], op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f8')])
+    # Also need to allow casting for casts to occur
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, arange(2, dtype='f4'), [],
+                [['readonly', 'copy']], casting='no',
+                op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f8')])
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, arange(2, dtype='f4'), [],
+                [['readonly', 'copy']], casting='equiv',
+                op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f8')])
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, arange(2, dtype='f8'), [],
+                [['writeonly', 'updateifcopy']],
+                casting='no',
+                op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, arange(2, dtype='f8'), [],
+                [['writeonly', 'updateifcopy']],
+                casting='equiv',
+                op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+    # ' '>f4' should not work with casting='no'
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, arange(2, dtype='f4')])
+    # 'f4' -> 'f8' is a safe cast, but 'f8' -> 'f4' isn't
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, arange(2, dtype='f4'), [],
+                [['readwrite', 'updateifcopy']],
+                casting='safe',
+                op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f8')])
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, arange(2, dtype='f8'), [],
+                [['readwrite', 'updateifcopy']],
+                casting='safe',
+                op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+    # 'f4' -> 'i4' is neither a safe nor a same-kind cast
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, arange(2, dtype='f4'), [],
+                [['readonly', 'copy']],
+                casting='same_kind',
+                op_dtypes=[np.dtype('i4')])
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, arange(2, dtype='i4'), [],
+                [['writeonly', 'updateifcopy']],
+                casting='same_kind',
+                op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+
+def test_iter_scalar_cast():
+    # Check that scalars are cast as requested
+
+    # No cast 'f4' -> 'f4'
+    i = nditer(np.float32(2.5), [], [['readonly']],
+                    op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('f4'))
+    assert_equal(i.value.dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+    assert_equal(i.value, 2.5)
+    # Safe cast 'f4' -> 'f8'
+    i = nditer(np.float32(2.5), [],
+                    [['readonly', 'copy']],
+                    casting='safe',
+                    op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f8')])
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('f8'))
+    assert_equal(i.value.dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+    assert_equal(i.value, 2.5)
+    # Same-kind cast 'f8' -> 'f4'
+    i = nditer(np.float64(2.5), [],
+                    [['readonly', 'copy']],
+                    casting='same_kind',
+                    op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('f4'))
+    assert_equal(i.value.dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+    assert_equal(i.value, 2.5)
+    # Unsafe cast 'f8' -> 'i4'
+    i = nditer(np.float64(3.0), [],
+                    [['readonly', 'copy']],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=[np.dtype('i4')])
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('i4'))
+    assert_equal(i.value.dtype, np.dtype('i4'))
+    assert_equal(i.value, 3)
+    # Readonly scalars may be cast even without setting COPY or BUFFERED
+    i = nditer(3, [], [['readonly']], op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f8')])
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+    assert_equal(i[0], 3.)
+
+def test_iter_scalar_cast_errors():
+    # Check that invalid casts are caught
+
+    # Need to allow copying/buffering for write casts of scalars to occur
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, np.float32(2), [],
+                [['readwrite']], op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f8')])
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, 2.5, [],
+                [['readwrite']], op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+    # 'f8' -> 'f4' isn't a safe cast if the value would overflow
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, np.float64(1e60), [],
+                [['readonly']],
+                casting='safe',
+                op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')])
+    # 'f4' -> 'i4' is neither a safe nor a same-kind cast
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, np.float32(2), [],
+                [['readonly']],
+                casting='same_kind',
+                op_dtypes=[np.dtype('i4')])
+
+def test_iter_object_arrays_basic():
+    # Check that object arrays work
+
+    obj = {'a':3,'b':'d'}
+    a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], None, obj, None], dtype='O')
+    if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+        rc = sys.getrefcount(obj)
+
+    # Need to allow references for object arrays
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, a)
+    if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+        assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(obj), rc)
+
+    i = nditer(a, ['refs_ok'], ['readonly'])
+    vals = [x_[()] for x_ in i]
+    assert_equal(np.array(vals, dtype='O'), a)
+    vals, i, x = [None]*3
+    if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+        assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(obj), rc)
+
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 2).T, ['refs_ok', 'buffered'],
+                        ['readonly'], order='C')
+    assert_(i.iterationneedsapi)
+    vals = [x_[()] for x_ in i]
+    assert_equal(np.array(vals, dtype='O'), a.reshape(2, 2).ravel(order='F'))
+    vals, i, x = [None]*3
+    if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+        assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(obj), rc)
+
+    i = nditer(a.reshape(2, 2).T, ['refs_ok', 'buffered'],
+                        ['readwrite'], order='C')
+    with i:
+        for x in i:
+            x[...] = None
+        vals, i, x = [None]*3
+    if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+        assert_(sys.getrefcount(obj) == rc-1)
+    assert_equal(a, np.array([None]*4, dtype='O'))
+
+def test_iter_object_arrays_conversions():
+    # Conversions to/from objects
+    a = np.arange(6, dtype='O')
+    i = nditer(a, ['refs_ok', 'buffered'], ['readwrite'],
+                    casting='unsafe', op_dtypes='i4')
+    with i:
+        for x in i:
+            x[...] += 1
+    assert_equal(a, np.arange(6)+1)
+
+    a = np.arange(6, dtype='i4')
+    i = nditer(a, ['refs_ok', 'buffered'], ['readwrite'],
+                    casting='unsafe', op_dtypes='O')
+    with i:
+        for x in i:
+            x[...] += 1
+    assert_equal(a, np.arange(6)+1)
+
+    # Non-contiguous object array
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=[('p', 'i1'), ('a', 'O')])
+    a = a['a']
+    a[:] = np.arange(6)
+    i = nditer(a, ['refs_ok', 'buffered'], ['readwrite'],
+                    casting='unsafe', op_dtypes='i4')
+    with i:
+        for x in i:
+            x[...] += 1
+    assert_equal(a, np.arange(6)+1)
+
+    #Non-contiguous value array
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=[('p', 'i1'), ('a', 'i4')])
+    a = a['a']
+    a[:] = np.arange(6) + 98172488
+    i = nditer(a, ['refs_ok', 'buffered'], ['readwrite'],
+                    casting='unsafe', op_dtypes='O')
+    with i:
+        ob = i[0][()]
+        if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+            rc = sys.getrefcount(ob)
+        for x in i:
+            x[...] += 1
+    if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+        assert_(sys.getrefcount(ob) == rc-1)
+    assert_equal(a, np.arange(6)+98172489)
+
+def test_iter_common_dtype():
+    # Check that the iterator finds a common data type correctly
+
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='f4'), array([0], dtype='f8')],
+                    ['common_dtype'],
+                    [['readonly', 'copy']]*2,
+                    casting='safe')
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('f8'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[1], np.dtype('f8'))
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='i4'), array([0], dtype='f4')],
+                    ['common_dtype'],
+                    [['readonly', 'copy']]*2,
+                    casting='safe')
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('f8'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[1], np.dtype('f8'))
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='f4'), array(0, dtype='f8')],
+                    ['common_dtype'],
+                    [['readonly', 'copy']]*2,
+                    casting='same_kind')
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('f4'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[1], np.dtype('f4'))
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='u4'), array(0, dtype='i4')],
+                    ['common_dtype'],
+                    [['readonly', 'copy']]*2,
+                    casting='safe')
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('u4'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[1], np.dtype('u4'))
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='u4'), array(-12, dtype='i4')],
+                    ['common_dtype'],
+                    [['readonly', 'copy']]*2,
+                    casting='safe')
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('i8'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[1], np.dtype('i8'))
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='u4'), array(-12, dtype='i4'),
+                 array([2j], dtype='c8'), array([9], dtype='f8')],
+                    ['common_dtype'],
+                    [['readonly', 'copy']]*4,
+                    casting='safe')
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('c16'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[1], np.dtype('c16'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[2], np.dtype('c16'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[3], np.dtype('c16'))
+    assert_equal(i.value, (3, -12, 2j, 9))
+
+    # When allocating outputs, other outputs aren't factored in
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='i4'), None, array([2j], dtype='c16')], [],
+                    [['readonly', 'copy'],
+                     ['writeonly', 'allocate'],
+                     ['writeonly']],
+                    casting='safe')
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('i4'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[1], np.dtype('i4'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[2], np.dtype('c16'))
+    # But, if common data types are requested, they are
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='i4'), None, array([2j], dtype='c16')],
+                    ['common_dtype'],
+                    [['readonly', 'copy'],
+                     ['writeonly', 'allocate'],
+                     ['writeonly']],
+                    casting='safe')
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], np.dtype('c16'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[1], np.dtype('c16'))
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[2], np.dtype('c16'))
+
+def test_iter_copy_if_overlap():
+    # Ensure the iterator makes copies on read/write overlap, if requested
+
+    # Copy not needed, 1 op
+    for flag in ['readonly', 'writeonly', 'readwrite']:
+        a = arange(10)
+        i = nditer([a], ['copy_if_overlap'], [[flag]])
+        with i:
+            assert_(i.operands[0] is a)
+
+    # Copy needed, 2 ops, read-write overlap
+    x = arange(10)
+    a = x[1:]
+    b = x[:-1]
+    with nditer([a, b], ['copy_if_overlap'], [['readonly'], ['readwrite']]) as i:
+        assert_(not np.shares_memory(*i.operands))
+
+    # Copy not needed with elementwise, 2 ops, exactly same arrays
+    x = arange(10)
+    a = x
+    b = x
+    i = nditer([a, b], ['copy_if_overlap'], [['readonly', 'overlap_assume_elementwise'],
+                                             ['readwrite', 'overlap_assume_elementwise']])
+    with i:
+        assert_(i.operands[0] is a and i.operands[1] is b)
+    with nditer([a, b], ['copy_if_overlap'], [['readonly'], ['readwrite']]) as i:
+        assert_(i.operands[0] is a and not np.shares_memory(i.operands[1], b))
+
+    # Copy not needed, 2 ops, no overlap
+    x = arange(10)
+    a = x[::2]
+    b = x[1::2]
+    i = nditer([a, b], ['copy_if_overlap'], [['readonly'], ['writeonly']])
+    assert_(i.operands[0] is a and i.operands[1] is b)
+
+    # Copy needed, 2 ops, read-write overlap
+    x = arange(4, dtype=np.int8)
+    a = x[3:]
+    b = x.view(np.int32)[:1]
+    with nditer([a, b], ['copy_if_overlap'], [['readonly'], ['writeonly']]) as i:
+        assert_(not np.shares_memory(*i.operands))
+
+    # Copy needed, 3 ops, read-write overlap
+    for flag in ['writeonly', 'readwrite']:
+        x = np.ones([10, 10])
+        a = x
+        b = x.T
+        c = x
+        with nditer([a, b, c], ['copy_if_overlap'],
+                   [['readonly'], ['readonly'], [flag]]) as i:
+            a2, b2, c2 = i.operands
+            assert_(not np.shares_memory(a2, c2))
+            assert_(not np.shares_memory(b2, c2))
+
+    # Copy not needed, 3 ops, read-only overlap
+    x = np.ones([10, 10])
+    a = x
+    b = x.T
+    c = x
+    i = nditer([a, b, c], ['copy_if_overlap'],
+               [['readonly'], ['readonly'], ['readonly']])
+    a2, b2, c2 = i.operands
+    assert_(a is a2)
+    assert_(b is b2)
+    assert_(c is c2)
+
+    # Copy not needed, 3 ops, read-only overlap
+    x = np.ones([10, 10])
+    a = x
+    b = np.ones([10, 10])
+    c = x.T
+    i = nditer([a, b, c], ['copy_if_overlap'],
+               [['readonly'], ['writeonly'], ['readonly']])
+    a2, b2, c2 = i.operands
+    assert_(a is a2)
+    assert_(b is b2)
+    assert_(c is c2)
+
+    # Copy not needed, 3 ops, write-only overlap
+    x = np.arange(7)
+    a = x[:3]
+    b = x[3:6]
+    c = x[4:7]
+    i = nditer([a, b, c], ['copy_if_overlap'],
+               [['readonly'], ['writeonly'], ['writeonly']])
+    a2, b2, c2 = i.operands
+    assert_(a is a2)
+    assert_(b is b2)
+    assert_(c is c2)
+
+def test_iter_op_axes():
+    # Check that custom axes work
+
+    # Reverse the axes
+    a = arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
+    i = nditer([a, a.T], [], [['readonly']]*2, op_axes=[[0, 1], [1, 0]])
+    assert_(all([x == y for (x, y) in i]))
+    a = arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)
+    i = nditer([a.T, a], [], [['readonly']]*2, op_axes=[[2, 1, 0], None])
+    assert_(all([x == y for (x, y) in i]))
+
+    # Broadcast 1D to any dimension
+    a = arange(1, 31).reshape(2, 3, 5)
+    b = arange(1, 3)
+    i = nditer([a, b], [], [['readonly']]*2, op_axes=[None, [0, -1, -1]])
+    assert_equal([x*y for (x, y) in i], (a*b.reshape(2, 1, 1)).ravel())
+    b = arange(1, 4)
+    i = nditer([a, b], [], [['readonly']]*2, op_axes=[None, [-1, 0, -1]])
+    assert_equal([x*y for (x, y) in i], (a*b.reshape(1, 3, 1)).ravel())
+    b = arange(1, 6)
+    i = nditer([a, b], [], [['readonly']]*2,
+                            op_axes=[None, [np.newaxis, np.newaxis, 0]])
+    assert_equal([x*y for (x, y) in i], (a*b.reshape(1, 1, 5)).ravel())
+
+    # Inner product-style broadcasting
+    a = arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)
+    b = arange(40).reshape(5, 2, 4)
+    i = nditer([a, b], ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2,
+                            op_axes=[[0, 1, -1, -1], [-1, -1, 0, 1]])
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (2, 3, 5, 2))
+
+    # Matrix product-style broadcasting
+    a = arange(12).reshape(3, 4)
+    b = arange(20).reshape(4, 5)
+    i = nditer([a, b], ['multi_index'], [['readonly']]*2,
+                            op_axes=[[0, -1], [-1, 1]])
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (3, 5))
+
+def test_iter_op_axes_errors():
+    # Check that custom axes throws errors for bad inputs
+
+    # Wrong number of items in op_axes
+    a = arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, a], [], [['readonly']]*2,
+                                    op_axes=[[0], [1], [0]])
+    # Out of bounds items in op_axes
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, a], [], [['readonly']]*2,
+                                    op_axes=[[2, 1], [0, 1]])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, a], [], [['readonly']]*2,
+                                    op_axes=[[0, 1], [2, -1]])
+    # Duplicate items in op_axes
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, a], [], [['readonly']]*2,
+                                    op_axes=[[0, 0], [0, 1]])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, a], [], [['readonly']]*2,
+                                    op_axes=[[0, 1], [1, 1]])
+
+    # Different sized arrays in op_axes
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, a], [], [['readonly']]*2,
+                                    op_axes=[[0, 1], [0, 1, 0]])
+
+    # Non-broadcastable dimensions in the result
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, a], [], [['readonly']]*2,
+                                    op_axes=[[0, 1], [1, 0]])
+
+def test_iter_copy():
+    # Check that copying the iterator works correctly
+    a = arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)
+
+    # Simple iterator
+    i = nditer(a)
+    j = i.copy()
+    assert_equal([x[()] for x in i], [x[()] for x in j])
+
+    i.iterindex = 3
+    j = i.copy()
+    assert_equal([x[()] for x in i], [x[()] for x in j])
+
+    # Buffered iterator
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'ranged'], order='F', buffersize=3)
+    j = i.copy()
+    assert_equal([x[()] for x in i], [x[()] for x in j])
+
+    i.iterindex = 3
+    j = i.copy()
+    assert_equal([x[()] for x in i], [x[()] for x in j])
+
+    i.iterrange = (3, 9)
+    j = i.copy()
+    assert_equal([x[()] for x in i], [x[()] for x in j])
+
+    i.iterrange = (2, 18)
+    next(i)
+    next(i)
+    j = i.copy()
+    assert_equal([x[()] for x in i], [x[()] for x in j])
+
+    # Casting iterator
+    with nditer(a, ['buffered'], order='F', casting='unsafe',
+                op_dtypes='f8', buffersize=5) as i:
+        j = i.copy()
+    assert_equal([x[()] for x in j], a.ravel(order='F'))
+
+    a = arange(24, dtype=' unstructured (any to object), and many other
+    # casts, which cause this to require all steps in the casting machinery
+    # one level down as well as the iterator copy (which uses NpyAuxData clone)
+    in_dtype = np.dtype([("a", np.dtype("i,")),
+                         ("b", np.dtype(">i,d,S17,>d,(3)f,O,i1"))])
+    out_dtype = np.dtype([("a", np.dtype("O")),
+                          ("b", np.dtype(">i,>i,S17,>d,>U3,(3)d,i1,O"))])
+    arr = np.ones(1000, dtype=in_dtype)
+
+    it = np.nditer((arr,), ["buffered", "external_loop", "refs_ok"],
+                   op_dtypes=[out_dtype], casting="unsafe")
+    it_copy = it.copy()
+
+    res1 = next(it)
+    del it
+    res2 = next(it_copy)
+    del it_copy
+
+    expected = arr["a"].astype(out_dtype["a"])
+    assert_array_equal(res1["a"], expected)
+    assert_array_equal(res2["a"], expected)
+
+    for field in in_dtype["b"].names:
+        # Note that the .base avoids the subarray field
+        expected = arr["b"][field].astype(out_dtype["b"][field].base)
+        assert_array_equal(res1["b"][field], expected)
+        assert_array_equal(res2["b"][field], expected)
+
+
+def test_iter_copy_casts_structured2():
+    # Similar to the above, this is a fairly arcane test to cover internals
+    in_dtype = np.dtype([("a", np.dtype("O,O")),
+                         ("b", np.dtype("(5)O,(3)O,(1,)O,(1,)i,(1,)O"))])
+    out_dtype = np.dtype([("a", np.dtype("O")),
+                          ("b", np.dtype("O,(3)i,(4)O,(4)O,(4)i"))])
+
+    arr = np.ones(1, dtype=in_dtype)
+    it = np.nditer((arr,), ["buffered", "external_loop", "refs_ok"],
+                   op_dtypes=[out_dtype], casting="unsafe")
+    it_copy = it.copy()
+
+    res1 = next(it)
+    del it
+    res2 = next(it_copy)
+    del it_copy
+
+    # Array of two structured scalars:
+    for res in res1, res2:
+        # Cast to tuple by getitem, which may be weird and changable?:
+        assert type(res["a"][0]) == tuple
+        assert res["a"][0] == (1, 1)
+
+    for res in res1, res2:
+        assert_array_equal(res["b"]["f0"][0], np.ones(5, dtype=object))
+        assert_array_equal(res["b"]["f1"], np.ones((1, 3), dtype="i"))
+        assert res["b"]["f2"].shape == (1, 4)
+        assert_array_equal(res["b"]["f2"][0], np.ones(4, dtype=object))
+        assert_array_equal(res["b"]["f3"][0], np.ones(4, dtype=object))
+        assert_array_equal(res["b"]["f3"][0], np.ones(4, dtype="i"))
+
+
+def test_iter_allocate_output_simple():
+    # Check that the iterator will properly allocate outputs
+
+    # Simple case
+    a = arange(6)
+    i = nditer([a, None], [], [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                        op_dtypes=[None, np.dtype('f4')])
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].shape, a.shape)
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+
+def test_iter_allocate_output_buffered_readwrite():
+    # Allocated output with buffering + delay_bufalloc
+
+    a = arange(6)
+    i = nditer([a, None], ['buffered', 'delay_bufalloc'],
+                        [['readonly'], ['allocate', 'readwrite']])
+    with i:
+        i.operands[1][:] = 1
+        i.reset()
+        for x in i:
+            x[1][...] += x[0][...]
+        assert_equal(i.operands[1], a+1)
+
+def test_iter_allocate_output_itorder():
+    # The allocated output should match the iteration order
+
+    # C-order input, best iteration order
+    a = arange(6, dtype='i4').reshape(2, 3)
+    i = nditer([a, None], [], [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                        op_dtypes=[None, np.dtype('f4')])
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].shape, a.shape)
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].strides, a.strides)
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+    # F-order input, best iteration order
+    a = arange(24, dtype='i4').reshape(2, 3, 4).T
+    i = nditer([a, None], [], [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                        op_dtypes=[None, np.dtype('f4')])
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].shape, a.shape)
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].strides, a.strides)
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+    # Non-contiguous input, C iteration order
+    a = arange(24, dtype='i4').reshape(2, 3, 4).swapaxes(0, 1)
+    i = nditer([a, None], [],
+                        [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                        order='C',
+                        op_dtypes=[None, np.dtype('f4')])
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].shape, a.shape)
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].strides, (32, 16, 4))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[1].dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+
+def test_iter_allocate_output_opaxes():
+    # Specifying op_axes should work
+
+    a = arange(24, dtype='i4').reshape(2, 3, 4)
+    i = nditer([None, a], [], [['writeonly', 'allocate'], ['readonly']],
+                        op_dtypes=[np.dtype('u4'), None],
+                        op_axes=[[1, 2, 0], None])
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0].shape, (4, 2, 3))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0].strides, (4, 48, 16))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0].dtype, np.dtype('u4'))
+
+def test_iter_allocate_output_types_promotion():
+    # Check type promotion of automatic outputs
+
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='f4'), array([0], dtype='f8'), None], [],
+                    [['readonly']]*2+[['writeonly', 'allocate']])
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[2], np.dtype('f8'))
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='i4'), array([0], dtype='f4'), None], [],
+                    [['readonly']]*2+[['writeonly', 'allocate']])
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[2], np.dtype('f8'))
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='f4'), array(0, dtype='f8'), None], [],
+                    [['readonly']]*2+[['writeonly', 'allocate']])
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[2], np.dtype('f4'))
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='u4'), array(0, dtype='i4'), None], [],
+                    [['readonly']]*2+[['writeonly', 'allocate']])
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[2], np.dtype('u4'))
+    i = nditer([array([3], dtype='u4'), array(-12, dtype='i4'), None], [],
+                    [['readonly']]*2+[['writeonly', 'allocate']])
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[2], np.dtype('i8'))
+
+def test_iter_allocate_output_types_byte_order():
+    # Verify the rules for byte order changes
+
+    # When there's just one input, the output type exactly matches
+    a = array([3], dtype='u4').newbyteorder()
+    i = nditer([a, None], [],
+                    [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']])
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0], i.dtypes[1])
+    # With two or more inputs, the output type is in native byte order
+    i = nditer([a, a, None], [],
+                    [['readonly'], ['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']])
+    assert_(i.dtypes[0] != i.dtypes[2])
+    assert_equal(i.dtypes[0].newbyteorder('='), i.dtypes[2])
+
+def test_iter_allocate_output_types_scalar():
+    # If the inputs are all scalars, the output should be a scalar
+
+    i = nditer([None, 1, 2.3, np.float32(12), np.complex128(3)], [],
+                [['writeonly', 'allocate']] + [['readonly']]*4)
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0].dtype, np.dtype('complex128'))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[0].ndim, 0)
+
+def test_iter_allocate_output_subtype():
+    # Make sure that the subtype with priority wins
+    class MyNDArray(np.ndarray):
+        __array_priority__ = 15
+
+    # subclass vs ndarray
+    a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]).view(MyNDArray)
+    b = np.arange(4).reshape(2, 2).T
+    i = nditer([a, b, None], [],
+               [['readonly'], ['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']])
+    assert_equal(type(a), type(i.operands[2]))
+    assert_(type(b) is not type(i.operands[2]))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[2].shape, (2, 2))
+
+    # If subtypes are disabled, we should get back an ndarray.
+    i = nditer([a, b, None], [],
+               [['readonly'], ['readonly'],
+                ['writeonly', 'allocate', 'no_subtype']])
+    assert_equal(type(b), type(i.operands[2]))
+    assert_(type(a) is not type(i.operands[2]))
+    assert_equal(i.operands[2].shape, (2, 2))
+
+def test_iter_allocate_output_errors():
+    # Check that the iterator will throw errors for bad output allocations
+
+    # Need an input if no output data type is specified
+    a = arange(6)
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, [a, None], [],
+                        [['writeonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']])
+    # Allocated output should be flagged for writing
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, None], [],
+                        [['readonly'], ['allocate', 'readonly']])
+    # Allocated output can't have buffering without delayed bufalloc
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, None], ['buffered'],
+                                            ['allocate', 'readwrite'])
+    # Must specify dtype if there are no inputs (cannot promote existing ones;
+    # maybe this should use the 'f4' here, but it does not historically.)
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, [None, None], [],
+                        [['writeonly', 'allocate'],
+                         ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                        op_dtypes=[None, np.dtype('f4')])
+    # If using op_axes, must specify all the axes
+    a = arange(24, dtype='i4').reshape(2, 3, 4)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, None], [],
+                        [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                        op_dtypes=[None, np.dtype('f4')],
+                        op_axes=[None, [0, np.newaxis, 1]])
+    # If using op_axes, the axes must be within bounds
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, None], [],
+                        [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                        op_dtypes=[None, np.dtype('f4')],
+                        op_axes=[None, [0, 3, 1]])
+    # If using op_axes, there can't be duplicates
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, None], [],
+                        [['readonly'], ['writeonly', 'allocate']],
+                        op_dtypes=[None, np.dtype('f4')],
+                        op_axes=[None, [0, 2, 1, 0]])
+    # Not all axes may be specified if a reduction. If there is a hole
+    # in op_axes, this is an error.
+    a = arange(24, dtype='i4').reshape(2, 3, 4)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, None], ["reduce_ok"],
+                        [['readonly'], ['readwrite', 'allocate']],
+                        op_dtypes=[None, np.dtype('f4')],
+                        op_axes=[None, [0, np.newaxis, 2]])
+
+def test_all_allocated():
+    # When no output and no shape is given, `()` is used as shape.
+    i = np.nditer([None], op_dtypes=["int64"])
+    assert i.operands[0].shape == ()
+    assert i.dtypes == (np.dtype("int64"),)
+
+    i = np.nditer([None], op_dtypes=["int64"], itershape=(2, 3, 4))
+    assert i.operands[0].shape == (2, 3, 4)
+
+def test_iter_remove_axis():
+    a = arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)
+
+    i = nditer(a, ['multi_index'])
+    i.remove_axis(1)
+    assert_equal([x for x in i], a[:, 0,:].ravel())
+
+    a = a[::-1,:,:]
+    i = nditer(a, ['multi_index'])
+    i.remove_axis(0)
+    assert_equal([x for x in i], a[0,:,:].ravel())
+
+def test_iter_remove_multi_index_inner_loop():
+    # Check that removing multi-index support works
+
+    a = arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)
+
+    i = nditer(a, ['multi_index'])
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 3)
+    assert_equal(i.shape, (2, 3, 4))
+    assert_equal(i.itviews[0].shape, (2, 3, 4))
+
+    # Removing the multi-index tracking causes all dimensions to coalesce
+    before = [x for x in i]
+    i.remove_multi_index()
+    after = [x for x in i]
+
+    assert_equal(before, after)
+    assert_equal(i.ndim, 1)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, lambda i:i.shape, i)
+    assert_equal(i.itviews[0].shape, (24,))
+
+    # Removing the inner loop means there's just one iteration
+    i.reset()
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 24)
+    assert_equal(i[0].shape, tuple())
+    i.enable_external_loop()
+    assert_equal(i.itersize, 24)
+    assert_equal(i[0].shape, (24,))
+    assert_equal(i.value, arange(24))
+
+def test_iter_iterindex():
+    # Make sure iterindex works
+
+    buffersize = 5
+    a = arange(24).reshape(4, 3, 2)
+    for flags in ([], ['buffered']):
+        i = nditer(a, flags, buffersize=buffersize)
+        assert_equal(iter_iterindices(i), list(range(24)))
+        i.iterindex = 2
+        assert_equal(iter_iterindices(i), list(range(2, 24)))
+
+        i = nditer(a, flags, order='F', buffersize=buffersize)
+        assert_equal(iter_iterindices(i), list(range(24)))
+        i.iterindex = 5
+        assert_equal(iter_iterindices(i), list(range(5, 24)))
+
+        i = nditer(a[::-1], flags, order='F', buffersize=buffersize)
+        assert_equal(iter_iterindices(i), list(range(24)))
+        i.iterindex = 9
+        assert_equal(iter_iterindices(i), list(range(9, 24)))
+
+        i = nditer(a[::-1, ::-1], flags, order='C', buffersize=buffersize)
+        assert_equal(iter_iterindices(i), list(range(24)))
+        i.iterindex = 13
+        assert_equal(iter_iterindices(i), list(range(13, 24)))
+
+        i = nditer(a[::1, ::-1], flags, buffersize=buffersize)
+        assert_equal(iter_iterindices(i), list(range(24)))
+        i.iterindex = 23
+        assert_equal(iter_iterindices(i), list(range(23, 24)))
+        i.reset()
+        i.iterindex = 2
+        assert_equal(iter_iterindices(i), list(range(2, 24)))
+
+def test_iter_iterrange():
+    # Make sure getting and resetting the iterrange works
+
+    buffersize = 5
+    a = arange(24, dtype='i4').reshape(4, 3, 2)
+    a_fort = a.ravel(order='F')
+
+    i = nditer(a, ['ranged'], ['readonly'], order='F',
+                buffersize=buffersize)
+    assert_equal(i.iterrange, (0, 24))
+    assert_equal([x[()] for x in i], a_fort)
+    for r in [(0, 24), (1, 2), (3, 24), (5, 5), (0, 20), (23, 24)]:
+        i.iterrange = r
+        assert_equal(i.iterrange, r)
+        assert_equal([x[()] for x in i], a_fort[r[0]:r[1]])
+
+    i = nditer(a, ['ranged', 'buffered'], ['readonly'], order='F',
+                op_dtypes='f8', buffersize=buffersize)
+    assert_equal(i.iterrange, (0, 24))
+    assert_equal([x[()] for x in i], a_fort)
+    for r in [(0, 24), (1, 2), (3, 24), (5, 5), (0, 20), (23, 24)]:
+        i.iterrange = r
+        assert_equal(i.iterrange, r)
+        assert_equal([x[()] for x in i], a_fort[r[0]:r[1]])
+
+    def get_array(i):
+        val = np.array([], dtype='f8')
+        for x in i:
+            val = np.concatenate((val, x))
+        return val
+
+    i = nditer(a, ['ranged', 'buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                ['readonly'], order='F',
+                op_dtypes='f8', buffersize=buffersize)
+    assert_equal(i.iterrange, (0, 24))
+    assert_equal(get_array(i), a_fort)
+    for r in [(0, 24), (1, 2), (3, 24), (5, 5), (0, 20), (23, 24)]:
+        i.iterrange = r
+        assert_equal(i.iterrange, r)
+        assert_equal(get_array(i), a_fort[r[0]:r[1]])
+
+def test_iter_buffering():
+    # Test buffering with several buffer sizes and types
+    arrays = []
+    # F-order swapped array
+    arrays.append(np.arange(24,
+                    dtype='c16').reshape(2, 3, 4).T.newbyteorder().byteswap())
+    # Contiguous 1-dimensional array
+    arrays.append(np.arange(10, dtype='f4'))
+    # Unaligned array
+    a = np.zeros((4*16+1,), dtype='i1')[1:]
+    a.dtype = 'i4'
+    a[:] = np.arange(16, dtype='i4')
+    arrays.append(a)
+    # 4-D F-order array
+    arrays.append(np.arange(120, dtype='i4').reshape(5, 3, 2, 4).T)
+    for a in arrays:
+        for buffersize in (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 11, 16, 1024):
+            vals = []
+            i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                           [['readonly', 'nbo', 'aligned']],
+                           order='C',
+                           casting='equiv',
+                           buffersize=buffersize)
+            while not i.finished:
+                assert_(i[0].size <= buffersize)
+                vals.append(i[0].copy())
+                i.iternext()
+            assert_equal(np.concatenate(vals), a.ravel(order='C'))
+
+def test_iter_write_buffering():
+    # Test that buffering of writes is working
+
+    # F-order swapped array
+    a = np.arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4).T.newbyteorder().byteswap()
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered'],
+                   [['readwrite', 'nbo', 'aligned']],
+                   casting='equiv',
+                   order='C',
+                   buffersize=16)
+    x = 0
+    with i:
+        while not i.finished:
+            i[0] = x
+            x += 1
+            i.iternext()
+    assert_equal(a.ravel(order='C'), np.arange(24))
+
+def test_iter_buffering_delayed_alloc():
+    # Test that delaying buffer allocation works
+
+    a = np.arange(6)
+    b = np.arange(1, dtype='f4')
+    i = nditer([a, b], ['buffered', 'delay_bufalloc', 'multi_index', 'reduce_ok'],
+                    ['readwrite'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes='f4')
+    assert_(i.has_delayed_bufalloc)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, lambda i:i.multi_index, i)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, lambda i:i[0], i)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, lambda i:i[0:2], i)
+
+    def assign_iter(i):
+        i[0] = 0
+    assert_raises(ValueError, assign_iter, i)
+
+    i.reset()
+    assert_(not i.has_delayed_bufalloc)
+    assert_equal(i.multi_index, (0,))
+    with i:
+        assert_equal(i[0], 0)
+        i[1] = 1
+        assert_equal(i[0:2], [0, 1])
+        assert_equal([[x[0][()], x[1][()]] for x in i], list(zip(range(6), [1]*6)))
+
+def test_iter_buffered_cast_simple():
+    # Test that buffering can handle a simple cast
+
+    a = np.arange(10, dtype='f4')
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                   [['readwrite', 'nbo', 'aligned']],
+                   casting='same_kind',
+                   op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f8')],
+                   buffersize=3)
+    with i:
+        for v in i:
+            v[...] *= 2
+
+    assert_equal(a, 2*np.arange(10, dtype='f4'))
+
+def test_iter_buffered_cast_byteswapped():
+    # Test that buffering can handle a cast which requires swap->cast->swap
+
+    a = np.arange(10, dtype='f4').newbyteorder().byteswap()
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                   [['readwrite', 'nbo', 'aligned']],
+                   casting='same_kind',
+                   op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f8').newbyteorder()],
+                   buffersize=3)
+    with i:
+        for v in i:
+            v[...] *= 2
+
+    assert_equal(a, 2*np.arange(10, dtype='f4'))
+
+    with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+        sup.filter(np.ComplexWarning)
+
+        a = np.arange(10, dtype='f8').newbyteorder().byteswap()
+        i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                       [['readwrite', 'nbo', 'aligned']],
+                       casting='unsafe',
+                       op_dtypes=[np.dtype('c8').newbyteorder()],
+                       buffersize=3)
+        with i:
+            for v in i:
+                v[...] *= 2
+
+        assert_equal(a, 2*np.arange(10, dtype='f8'))
+
+def test_iter_buffered_cast_byteswapped_complex():
+    # Test that buffering can handle a cast which requires swap->cast->copy
+
+    a = np.arange(10, dtype='c8').newbyteorder().byteswap()
+    a += 2j
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                   [['readwrite', 'nbo', 'aligned']],
+                   casting='same_kind',
+                   op_dtypes=[np.dtype('c16')],
+                   buffersize=3)
+    with i:
+        for v in i:
+            v[...] *= 2
+    assert_equal(a, 2*np.arange(10, dtype='c8') + 4j)
+
+    a = np.arange(10, dtype='c8')
+    a += 2j
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                   [['readwrite', 'nbo', 'aligned']],
+                   casting='same_kind',
+                   op_dtypes=[np.dtype('c16').newbyteorder()],
+                   buffersize=3)
+    with i:
+        for v in i:
+            v[...] *= 2
+    assert_equal(a, 2*np.arange(10, dtype='c8') + 4j)
+
+    a = np.arange(10, dtype=np.clongdouble).newbyteorder().byteswap()
+    a += 2j
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                   [['readwrite', 'nbo', 'aligned']],
+                   casting='same_kind',
+                   op_dtypes=[np.dtype('c16')],
+                   buffersize=3)
+    with i:
+        for v in i:
+            v[...] *= 2
+    assert_equal(a, 2*np.arange(10, dtype=np.clongdouble) + 4j)
+
+    a = np.arange(10, dtype=np.longdouble).newbyteorder().byteswap()
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                   [['readwrite', 'nbo', 'aligned']],
+                   casting='same_kind',
+                   op_dtypes=[np.dtype('f4')],
+                   buffersize=7)
+    with i:
+        for v in i:
+            v[...] *= 2
+    assert_equal(a, 2*np.arange(10, dtype=np.longdouble))
+
+def test_iter_buffered_cast_structured_type():
+    # Tests buffering of structured types
+
+    # simple -> struct type (duplicates the value)
+    sdt = [('a', 'f4'), ('b', 'i8'), ('c', 'c8', (2, 3)), ('d', 'O')]
+    a = np.arange(3, dtype='f4') + 0.5
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt)
+    vals = [np.array(x) for x in i]
+    assert_equal(vals[0]['a'], 0.5)
+    assert_equal(vals[0]['b'], 0)
+    assert_equal(vals[0]['c'], [[(0.5)]*3]*2)
+    assert_equal(vals[0]['d'], 0.5)
+    assert_equal(vals[1]['a'], 1.5)
+    assert_equal(vals[1]['b'], 1)
+    assert_equal(vals[1]['c'], [[(1.5)]*3]*2)
+    assert_equal(vals[1]['d'], 1.5)
+    assert_equal(vals[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt))
+
+    # object -> struct type
+    sdt = [('a', 'f4'), ('b', 'i8'), ('c', 'c8', (2, 3)), ('d', 'O')]
+    a = np.zeros((3,), dtype='O')
+    a[0] = (0.5, 0.5, [[0.5, 0.5, 0.5], [0.5, 0.5, 0.5]], 0.5)
+    a[1] = (1.5, 1.5, [[1.5, 1.5, 1.5], [1.5, 1.5, 1.5]], 1.5)
+    a[2] = (2.5, 2.5, [[2.5, 2.5, 2.5], [2.5, 2.5, 2.5]], 2.5)
+    if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+        rc = sys.getrefcount(a[0])
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt)
+    vals = [x.copy() for x in i]
+    assert_equal(vals[0]['a'], 0.5)
+    assert_equal(vals[0]['b'], 0)
+    assert_equal(vals[0]['c'], [[(0.5)]*3]*2)
+    assert_equal(vals[0]['d'], 0.5)
+    assert_equal(vals[1]['a'], 1.5)
+    assert_equal(vals[1]['b'], 1)
+    assert_equal(vals[1]['c'], [[(1.5)]*3]*2)
+    assert_equal(vals[1]['d'], 1.5)
+    assert_equal(vals[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt))
+    vals, i, x = [None]*3
+    if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+        assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(a[0]), rc)
+
+    # single-field struct type -> simple
+    sdt = [('a', 'f4')]
+    a = np.array([(5.5,), (8,)], dtype=sdt)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes='i4')
+    assert_equal([x_[()] for x_ in i], [5, 8])
+
+    # make sure multi-field struct type -> simple doesn't work
+    sdt = [('a', 'f4'), ('b', 'i8'), ('d', 'O')]
+    a = np.array([(5.5, 7, 'test'), (8, 10, 11)], dtype=sdt)
+    assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: (
+        nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+               casting='unsafe',
+               op_dtypes='i4')))
+
+    # struct type -> struct type (field-wise copy)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'f4'), ('b', 'i8'), ('d', 'O')]
+    sdt2 = [('d', 'u2'), ('a', 'O'), ('b', 'f8')]
+    a = np.array([(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)], dtype=sdt1)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+    assert_equal([np.array(x_) for x_ in i],
+                 [np.array((1, 2, 3), dtype=sdt2),
+                  np.array((4, 5, 6), dtype=sdt2)])
+
+
+def test_iter_buffered_cast_structured_type_failure_with_cleanup():
+    # make sure struct type -> struct type with different
+    # number of fields fails
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'f4'), ('b', 'i8'), ('d', 'O')]
+    sdt2 = [('b', 'O'), ('a', 'f8')]
+    a = np.array([(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)], dtype=sdt1)
+
+    for intent in ["readwrite", "readonly", "writeonly"]:
+        # This test was initially designed to test an error at a different
+        # place, but will now raise earlier to to the cast not being possible:
+        # `assert np.can_cast(a.dtype, sdt2, casting="unsafe")` fails.
+        # Without a faulty DType, there is probably no reliable
+        # way to get the initial tested behaviour.
+        simple_arr = np.array([1, 2], dtype="i,i")  # requires clean up
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            nditer((simple_arr, a), ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], [intent, intent],
+                   casting='unsafe', op_dtypes=["f,f", sdt2])
+
+
+def test_buffered_cast_error_paths():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        # The input is cast into an `S3` buffer
+        np.nditer((np.array("a", dtype="S1"),), op_dtypes=["i"],
+                  casting="unsafe", flags=["buffered"])
+
+    # The `M8[ns]` is cast into the `S3` output
+    it = np.nditer((np.array(1, dtype="i"),), op_dtypes=["S1"],
+                   op_flags=["writeonly"], casting="unsafe", flags=["buffered"])
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        with it:
+            buf = next(it)
+            buf[...] = "a"  # cannot be converted to int.
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="Cannot start subprocess")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_REFCOUNT, reason="PyPy seems to not hit this.")
+def test_buffered_cast_error_paths_unraisable():
+    # The following gives an unraisable error. Pytest sometimes captures that
+    # (depending python and/or pytest version). So with Python>=3.8 this can
+    # probably be cleaned out in the future to check for
+    # pytest.PytestUnraisableExceptionWarning:
+    code = textwrap.dedent("""
+        import numpy as np
+    
+        it = np.nditer((np.array(1, dtype="i"),), op_dtypes=["S1"],
+                       op_flags=["writeonly"], casting="unsafe", flags=["buffered"])
+        buf = next(it)
+        buf[...] = "a"
+        del buf, it  # Flushing only happens during deallocate right now.
+        """)
+    res = subprocess.check_output([sys.executable, "-c", code],
+                                  stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, text=True)
+    assert "ValueError" in res
+
+
+def test_iter_buffered_cast_subarray():
+    # Tests buffering of subarrays
+
+    # one element -> many (copies it to all)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'f4')]
+    sdt2 = [('a', 'f8', (3, 2, 2))]
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=sdt1)
+    a['a'] = np.arange(6)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+    for x, count in zip(i, list(range(6))):
+        assert_(np.all(x['a'] == count))
+
+    # one element -> many -> back (copies it to all)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'O', (1, 1))]
+    sdt2 = [('a', 'O', (3, 2, 2))]
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=sdt1)
+    a['a'][:, 0, 0] = np.arange(6)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readwrite'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    with i:
+        assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+        count = 0
+        for x in i:
+            assert_(np.all(x['a'] == count))
+            x['a'][0] += 2
+            count += 1
+    assert_equal(a['a'], np.arange(6).reshape(6, 1, 1)+2)
+
+    # many -> one element -> back (copies just element 0)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'O', (3, 2, 2))]
+    sdt2 = [('a', 'O', (1,))]
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=sdt1)
+    a['a'][:, 0, 0, 0] = np.arange(6)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readwrite'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    with i:
+        assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+        count = 0
+        for x in i:
+            assert_equal(x['a'], count)
+            x['a'] += 2
+            count += 1
+    assert_equal(a['a'], np.arange(6).reshape(6, 1, 1, 1)*np.ones((1, 3, 2, 2))+2)
+
+    # many -> one element -> back (copies just element 0)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'f8', (3, 2, 2))]
+    sdt2 = [('a', 'O', (1,))]
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=sdt1)
+    a['a'][:, 0, 0, 0] = np.arange(6)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+    count = 0
+    for x in i:
+        assert_equal(x['a'], count)
+        count += 1
+
+    # many -> one element (copies just element 0)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'O', (3, 2, 2))]
+    sdt2 = [('a', 'f4', (1,))]
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=sdt1)
+    a['a'][:, 0, 0, 0] = np.arange(6)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+    count = 0
+    for x in i:
+        assert_equal(x['a'], count)
+        count += 1
+
+    # many -> matching shape (straightforward copy)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'O', (3, 2, 2))]
+    sdt2 = [('a', 'f4', (3, 2, 2))]
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=sdt1)
+    a['a'] = np.arange(6*3*2*2).reshape(6, 3, 2, 2)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+    count = 0
+    for x in i:
+        assert_equal(x['a'], a[count]['a'])
+        count += 1
+
+    # vector -> smaller vector (truncates)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'f8', (6,))]
+    sdt2 = [('a', 'f4', (2,))]
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=sdt1)
+    a['a'] = np.arange(6*6).reshape(6, 6)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+    count = 0
+    for x in i:
+        assert_equal(x['a'], a[count]['a'][:2])
+        count += 1
+
+    # vector -> bigger vector (pads with zeros)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'f8', (2,))]
+    sdt2 = [('a', 'f4', (6,))]
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=sdt1)
+    a['a'] = np.arange(6*2).reshape(6, 2)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+    count = 0
+    for x in i:
+        assert_equal(x['a'][:2], a[count]['a'])
+        assert_equal(x['a'][2:], [0, 0, 0, 0])
+        count += 1
+
+    # vector -> matrix (broadcasts)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'f8', (2,))]
+    sdt2 = [('a', 'f4', (2, 2))]
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=sdt1)
+    a['a'] = np.arange(6*2).reshape(6, 2)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+    count = 0
+    for x in i:
+        assert_equal(x['a'][0], a[count]['a'])
+        assert_equal(x['a'][1], a[count]['a'])
+        count += 1
+
+    # vector -> matrix (broadcasts and zero-pads)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'f8', (2, 1))]
+    sdt2 = [('a', 'f4', (3, 2))]
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=sdt1)
+    a['a'] = np.arange(6*2).reshape(6, 2, 1)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+    count = 0
+    for x in i:
+        assert_equal(x['a'][:2, 0], a[count]['a'][:, 0])
+        assert_equal(x['a'][:2, 1], a[count]['a'][:, 0])
+        assert_equal(x['a'][2,:], [0, 0])
+        count += 1
+
+    # matrix -> matrix (truncates and zero-pads)
+    sdt1 = [('a', 'f8', (2, 3))]
+    sdt2 = [('a', 'f4', (3, 2))]
+    a = np.zeros((6,), dtype=sdt1)
+    a['a'] = np.arange(6*2*3).reshape(6, 2, 3)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'refs_ok'], ['readonly'],
+                    casting='unsafe',
+                    op_dtypes=sdt2)
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype(sdt2))
+    count = 0
+    for x in i:
+        assert_equal(x['a'][:2, 0], a[count]['a'][:, 0])
+        assert_equal(x['a'][:2, 1], a[count]['a'][:, 1])
+        assert_equal(x['a'][2,:], [0, 0])
+        count += 1
+
+def test_iter_buffering_badwriteback():
+    # Writing back from a buffer cannot combine elements
+
+    # a needs write buffering, but had a broadcast dimension
+    a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3, 1)
+    b = np.arange(12).reshape(2, 3, 2)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, b],
+                  ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                  [['readwrite'], ['writeonly']],
+                  order='C')
+
+    # But if a is readonly, it's fine
+    nditer([a, b], ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+           [['readonly'], ['writeonly']],
+           order='C')
+
+    # If a has just one element, it's fine too (constant 0 stride, a reduction)
+    a = np.arange(1).reshape(1, 1, 1)
+    nditer([a, b], ['buffered', 'external_loop', 'reduce_ok'],
+           [['readwrite'], ['writeonly']],
+           order='C')
+
+    # check that it fails on other dimensions too
+    a = np.arange(6).reshape(1, 3, 2)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, b],
+                  ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                  [['readwrite'], ['writeonly']],
+                  order='C')
+    a = np.arange(4).reshape(2, 1, 2)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, b],
+                  ['buffered', 'external_loop'],
+                  [['readwrite'], ['writeonly']],
+                  order='C')
+
+def test_iter_buffering_string():
+    # Safe casting disallows shrinking strings
+    a = np.array(['abc', 'a', 'abcd'], dtype=np.bytes_)
+    assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('S4'))
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, a, ['buffered'], ['readonly'],
+                  op_dtypes='S2')
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered'], ['readonly'], op_dtypes='S6')
+    assert_equal(i[0], b'abc')
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype('S6'))
+
+    a = np.array(['abc', 'a', 'abcd'], dtype=np.str_)
+    assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('U4'))
+    assert_raises(TypeError, nditer, a, ['buffered'], ['readonly'],
+                    op_dtypes='U2')
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered'], ['readonly'], op_dtypes='U6')
+    assert_equal(i[0], 'abc')
+    assert_equal(i[0].dtype, np.dtype('U6'))
+
+def test_iter_buffering_growinner():
+    # Test that the inner loop grows when no buffering is needed
+    a = np.arange(30)
+    i = nditer(a, ['buffered', 'growinner', 'external_loop'],
+                           buffersize=5)
+    # Should end up with just one inner loop here
+    assert_equal(i[0].size, a.size)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+def test_iter_buffered_reduce_reuse():
+    # large enough array for all views, including negative strides.
+    a = np.arange(2*3**5)[3**5:3**5+1]
+    flags = ['buffered', 'delay_bufalloc', 'multi_index', 'reduce_ok', 'refs_ok']
+    op_flags = [('readonly',), ('readwrite', 'allocate')]
+    op_axes_list = [[(0, 1, 2), (0, 1, -1)], [(0, 1, 2), (0, -1, -1)]]
+    # wrong dtype to force buffering
+    op_dtypes = [float, a.dtype]
+
+    def get_params():
+        for xs in range(-3**2, 3**2 + 1):
+            for ys in range(xs, 3**2 + 1):
+                for op_axes in op_axes_list:
+                    # last stride is reduced and because of that not
+                    # important for this test, as it is the inner stride.
+                    strides = (xs * a.itemsize, ys * a.itemsize, a.itemsize)
+                    arr = np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(a, (3, 3, 3), strides)
+
+                    for skip in [0, 1]:
+                        yield arr, op_axes, skip
+
+    for arr, op_axes, skip in get_params():
+        nditer2 = np.nditer([arr.copy(), None],
+                            op_axes=op_axes, flags=flags, op_flags=op_flags,
+                            op_dtypes=op_dtypes)
+        with nditer2:
+            nditer2.operands[-1][...] = 0
+            nditer2.reset()
+            nditer2.iterindex = skip
+
+            for (a2_in, b2_in) in nditer2:
+                b2_in += a2_in.astype(np.int_)
+
+            comp_res = nditer2.operands[-1]
+
+        for bufsize in range(0, 3**3):
+            nditer1 = np.nditer([arr, None],
+                                op_axes=op_axes, flags=flags, op_flags=op_flags,
+                                buffersize=bufsize, op_dtypes=op_dtypes)
+            with nditer1:
+                nditer1.operands[-1][...] = 0
+                nditer1.reset()
+                nditer1.iterindex = skip
+
+                for (a1_in, b1_in) in nditer1:
+                    b1_in += a1_in.astype(np.int_)
+
+                res = nditer1.operands[-1]
+            assert_array_equal(res, comp_res)
+
+
+def test_iter_no_broadcast():
+    # Test that the no_broadcast flag works
+    a = np.arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4)
+    b = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3, 1)
+    c = np.arange(12).reshape(3, 4)
+
+    nditer([a, b, c], [],
+           [['readonly', 'no_broadcast'],
+            ['readonly'], ['readonly']])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, b, c], [],
+                  [['readonly'], ['readonly', 'no_broadcast'], ['readonly']])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, b, c], [],
+                  [['readonly'], ['readonly'], ['readonly', 'no_broadcast']])
+
+
+class TestIterNested:
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        # Test nested iteration basic usage
+        a = arange(12).reshape(2, 3, 2)
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0], [1, 2]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0, 1], [2]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7], [8, 9], [10, 11]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0, 2], [1]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5], [6, 8, 10], [7, 9, 11]])
+
+    def test_reorder(self):
+        # Test nested iteration basic usage
+        a = arange(12).reshape(2, 3, 2)
+
+        # In 'K' order (default), it gets reordered
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0], [2, 1]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[1, 0], [2]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7], [8, 9], [10, 11]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[2, 0], [1]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5], [6, 8, 10], [7, 9, 11]])
+
+        # In 'C' order, it doesn't
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0], [2, 1]], order='C')
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5], [6, 8, 10, 7, 9, 11]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[1, 0], [2]], order='C')
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 1], [6, 7], [2, 3], [8, 9], [4, 5], [10, 11]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[2, 0], [1]], order='C')
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 2, 4], [6, 8, 10], [1, 3, 5], [7, 9, 11]])
+
+    def test_flip_axes(self):
+        # Test nested iteration with negative axes
+        a = arange(12).reshape(2, 3, 2)[::-1, ::-1, ::-1]
+
+        # In 'K' order (default), the axes all get flipped
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0], [1, 2]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0, 1], [2]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7], [8, 9], [10, 11]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0, 2], [1]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5], [6, 8, 10], [7, 9, 11]])
+
+        # In 'C' order, flipping axes is disabled
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0], [1, 2]], order='C')
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6], [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0, 1], [2]], order='C')
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[11, 10], [9, 8], [7, 6], [5, 4], [3, 2], [1, 0]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0, 2], [1]], order='C')
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[11, 9, 7], [10, 8, 6], [5, 3, 1], [4, 2, 0]])
+
+    def test_broadcast(self):
+        # Test nested iteration with broadcasting
+        a = arange(2).reshape(2, 1)
+        b = arange(3).reshape(1, 3)
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters([a, b], [[0], [1]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[[0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 2]], [[1, 0], [1, 1], [1, 2]]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters([a, b], [[1], [0]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[[0, 0], [1, 0]], [[0, 1], [1, 1]], [[0, 2], [1, 2]]])
+
+    def test_dtype_copy(self):
+        # Test nested iteration with a copy to change dtype
+
+        # copy
+        a = arange(6, dtype='i4').reshape(2, 3)
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0], [1]],
+                            op_flags=['readonly', 'copy'],
+                            op_dtypes='f8')
+        assert_equal(j[0].dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]])
+        vals = None
+
+        # writebackifcopy - using context manager
+        a = arange(6, dtype='f4').reshape(2, 3)
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0], [1]],
+                            op_flags=['readwrite', 'updateifcopy'],
+                            casting='same_kind',
+                            op_dtypes='f8')
+        with i, j:
+            assert_equal(j[0].dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+            for x in i:
+                for y in j:
+                    y[...] += 1
+            assert_equal(a, [[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]])
+        assert_equal(a, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
+
+        # writebackifcopy - using close()
+        a = arange(6, dtype='f4').reshape(2, 3)
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0], [1]],
+                            op_flags=['readwrite', 'updateifcopy'],
+                            casting='same_kind',
+                            op_dtypes='f8')
+        assert_equal(j[0].dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+        for x in i:
+            for y in j:
+                y[...] += 1
+        assert_equal(a, [[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]])
+        i.close()
+        j.close()
+        assert_equal(a, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
+
+    def test_dtype_buffered(self):
+        # Test nested iteration with buffering to change dtype
+
+        a = arange(6, dtype='f4').reshape(2, 3)
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0], [1]],
+                            flags=['buffered'],
+                            op_flags=['readwrite'],
+                            casting='same_kind',
+                            op_dtypes='f8')
+        assert_equal(j[0].dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+        for x in i:
+            for y in j:
+                y[...] += 1
+        assert_equal(a, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
+
+    def test_0d(self):
+        a = np.arange(12).reshape(2, 3, 2)
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[], [1, 0, 2]])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]])
+
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[1, 0, 2], []])
+        vals = [list(j) for _ in i]
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]])
+
+        i, j, k = np.nested_iters(a, [[2, 0], [], [1]])
+        vals = []
+        for x in i:
+            for y in j:
+                vals.append([z for z in k])
+        assert_equal(vals, [[0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5], [6, 8, 10], [7, 9, 11]])
+
+    def test_iter_nested_iters_dtype_buffered(self):
+        # Test nested iteration with buffering to change dtype
+
+        a = arange(6, dtype='f4').reshape(2, 3)
+        i, j = np.nested_iters(a, [[0], [1]],
+                            flags=['buffered'],
+                            op_flags=['readwrite'],
+                            casting='same_kind',
+                            op_dtypes='f8')
+        with i, j:
+            assert_equal(j[0].dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+            for x in i:
+                for y in j:
+                    y[...] += 1
+        assert_equal(a, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
+
+def test_iter_reduction_error():
+
+    a = np.arange(6)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, None], [],
+                    [['readonly'], ['readwrite', 'allocate']],
+                    op_axes=[[0], [-1]])
+
+    a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, None], ['external_loop'],
+                    [['readonly'], ['readwrite', 'allocate']],
+                    op_axes=[[0, 1], [-1, -1]])
+
+def test_iter_reduction():
+    # Test doing reductions with the iterator
+
+    a = np.arange(6)
+    i = nditer([a, None], ['reduce_ok'],
+                    [['readonly'], ['readwrite', 'allocate']],
+                    op_axes=[[0], [-1]])
+    # Need to initialize the output operand to the addition unit
+    with i:
+        i.operands[1][...] = 0
+        # Do the reduction
+        for x, y in i:
+            y[...] += x
+        # Since no axes were specified, should have allocated a scalar
+        assert_equal(i.operands[1].ndim, 0)
+        assert_equal(i.operands[1], np.sum(a))
+
+    a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
+    i = nditer([a, None], ['reduce_ok', 'external_loop'],
+                    [['readonly'], ['readwrite', 'allocate']],
+                    op_axes=[[0, 1], [-1, -1]])
+    # Need to initialize the output operand to the addition unit
+    with i:
+        i.operands[1][...] = 0
+        # Reduction shape/strides for the output
+        assert_equal(i[1].shape, (6,))
+        assert_equal(i[1].strides, (0,))
+        # Do the reduction
+        for x, y in i:
+            # Use a for loop instead of ``y[...] += x``
+            # (equivalent to ``y[...] = y[...].copy() + x``),
+            # because y has zero strides we use for the reduction
+            for j in range(len(y)):
+                y[j] += x[j]
+        # Since no axes were specified, should have allocated a scalar
+        assert_equal(i.operands[1].ndim, 0)
+        assert_equal(i.operands[1], np.sum(a))
+
+    # This is a tricky reduction case for the buffering double loop
+    # to handle
+    a = np.ones((2, 3, 5))
+    it1 = nditer([a, None], ['reduce_ok', 'external_loop'],
+                    [['readonly'], ['readwrite', 'allocate']],
+                    op_axes=[None, [0, -1, 1]])
+    it2 = nditer([a, None], ['reduce_ok', 'external_loop',
+                            'buffered', 'delay_bufalloc'],
+                    [['readonly'], ['readwrite', 'allocate']],
+                    op_axes=[None, [0, -1, 1]], buffersize=10)
+    with it1, it2:
+        it1.operands[1].fill(0)
+        it2.operands[1].fill(0)
+        it2.reset()
+        for x in it1:
+            x[1][...] += x[0]
+        for x in it2:
+            x[1][...] += x[0]
+        assert_equal(it1.operands[1], it2.operands[1])
+        assert_equal(it2.operands[1].sum(), a.size)
+
+def test_iter_buffering_reduction():
+    # Test doing buffered reductions with the iterator
+
+    a = np.arange(6)
+    b = np.array(0., dtype='f8').byteswap().newbyteorder()
+    i = nditer([a, b], ['reduce_ok', 'buffered'],
+                    [['readonly'], ['readwrite', 'nbo']],
+                    op_axes=[[0], [-1]])
+    with i:
+        assert_equal(i[1].dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
+        assert_(i[1].dtype != b.dtype)
+        # Do the reduction
+        for x, y in i:
+            y[...] += x
+    # Since no axes were specified, should have allocated a scalar
+    assert_equal(b, np.sum(a))
+
+    a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
+    b = np.array([0, 0], dtype='f8').byteswap().newbyteorder()
+    i = nditer([a, b], ['reduce_ok', 'external_loop', 'buffered'],
+                    [['readonly'], ['readwrite', 'nbo']],
+                    op_axes=[[0, 1], [0, -1]])
+    # Reduction shape/strides for the output
+    with i:
+        assert_equal(i[1].shape, (3,))
+        assert_equal(i[1].strides, (0,))
+        # Do the reduction
+        for x, y in i:
+            # Use a for loop instead of ``y[...] += x``
+            # (equivalent to ``y[...] = y[...].copy() + x``),
+            # because y has zero strides we use for the reduction
+            for j in range(len(y)):
+                y[j] += x[j]
+    assert_equal(b, np.sum(a, axis=1))
+
+    # Iterator inner double loop was wrong on this one
+    p = np.arange(2) + 1
+    it = np.nditer([p, None],
+            ['delay_bufalloc', 'reduce_ok', 'buffered', 'external_loop'],
+            [['readonly'], ['readwrite', 'allocate']],
+            op_axes=[[-1, 0], [-1, -1]],
+            itershape=(2, 2))
+    with it:
+        it.operands[1].fill(0)
+        it.reset()
+        assert_equal(it[0], [1, 2, 1, 2])
+
+    # Iterator inner loop should take argument contiguity into account
+    x = np.ones((7, 13, 8), np.int8)[4:6,1:11:6,1:5].transpose(1, 2, 0)
+    x[...] = np.arange(x.size).reshape(x.shape)
+    y_base = np.arange(4*4, dtype=np.int8).reshape(4, 4)
+    y_base_copy = y_base.copy()
+    y = y_base[::2,:,None]
+
+    it = np.nditer([y, x],
+                   ['buffered', 'external_loop', 'reduce_ok'],
+                   [['readwrite'], ['readonly']])
+    with it:
+        for a, b in it:
+            a.fill(2)
+
+    assert_equal(y_base[1::2], y_base_copy[1::2])
+    assert_equal(y_base[::2], 2)
+
+def test_iter_buffering_reduction_reuse_reduce_loops():
+    # There was a bug triggering reuse of the reduce loop inappropriately,
+    # which caused processing to happen in unnecessarily small chunks
+    # and overran the buffer.
+
+    a = np.zeros((2, 7))
+    b = np.zeros((1, 7))
+    it = np.nditer([a, b], flags=['reduce_ok', 'external_loop', 'buffered'],
+                    op_flags=[['readonly'], ['readwrite']],
+                    buffersize=5)
+
+    with it:
+        bufsizes = [x.shape[0] for x, y in it]
+    assert_equal(bufsizes, [5, 2, 5, 2])
+    assert_equal(sum(bufsizes), a.size)
+
+def test_iter_writemasked_badinput():
+    a = np.zeros((2, 3))
+    b = np.zeros((3,))
+    m = np.array([[True, True, False], [False, True, False]])
+    m2 = np.array([True, True, False])
+    m3 = np.array([0, 1, 1], dtype='u1')
+    mbad1 = np.array([0, 1, 1], dtype='i1')
+    mbad2 = np.array([0, 1, 1], dtype='f4')
+
+    # Need an 'arraymask' if any operand is 'writemasked'
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, m], [],
+                    [['readwrite', 'writemasked'], ['readonly']])
+
+    # A 'writemasked' operand must not be readonly
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, m], [],
+                    [['readonly', 'writemasked'], ['readonly', 'arraymask']])
+
+    # 'writemasked' and 'arraymask' may not be used together
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, m], [],
+                    [['readonly'], ['readwrite', 'arraymask', 'writemasked']])
+
+    # 'arraymask' may only be specified once
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, m, m2], [],
+                    [['readwrite', 'writemasked'],
+                     ['readonly', 'arraymask'],
+                     ['readonly', 'arraymask']])
+
+    # An 'arraymask' with nothing 'writemasked' also doesn't make sense
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, m], [],
+                    [['readwrite'], ['readonly', 'arraymask']])
+
+    # A writemasked reduction requires a similarly smaller mask
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, b, m], ['reduce_ok'],
+                    [['readonly'],
+                     ['readwrite', 'writemasked'],
+                     ['readonly', 'arraymask']])
+    # But this should work with a smaller/equal mask to the reduction operand
+    np.nditer([a, b, m2], ['reduce_ok'],
+                    [['readonly'],
+                     ['readwrite', 'writemasked'],
+                     ['readonly', 'arraymask']])
+    # The arraymask itself cannot be a reduction
+    assert_raises(ValueError, nditer, [a, b, m2], ['reduce_ok'],
+                    [['readonly'],
+                     ['readwrite', 'writemasked'],
+                     ['readwrite', 'arraymask']])
+
+    # A uint8 mask is ok too
+    np.nditer([a, m3], ['buffered'],
+                    [['readwrite', 'writemasked'],
+                     ['readonly', 'arraymask']],
+                    op_dtypes=['f4', None],
+                    casting='same_kind')
+    # An int8 mask isn't ok
+    assert_raises(TypeError, np.nditer, [a, mbad1], ['buffered'],
+                    [['readwrite', 'writemasked'],
+                     ['readonly', 'arraymask']],
+                    op_dtypes=['f4', None],
+                    casting='same_kind')
+    # A float32 mask isn't ok
+    assert_raises(TypeError, np.nditer, [a, mbad2], ['buffered'],
+                    [['readwrite', 'writemasked'],
+                     ['readonly', 'arraymask']],
+                    op_dtypes=['f4', None],
+                    casting='same_kind')
+
+
+def _is_buffered(iterator):
+    try:
+        iterator.itviews
+    except ValueError:
+        return True
+    return False
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("a",
+        [np.zeros((3,), dtype='f8'),
+         np.zeros((9876, 3*5), dtype='f8')[::2, :],
+         np.zeros((4, 312, 124, 3), dtype='f8')[::2, :, ::2, :],
+         # Also test with the last dimension strided (so it does not fit if
+         # there is repeated access)
+         np.zeros((9,), dtype='f8')[::3],
+         np.zeros((9876, 3*10), dtype='f8')[::2, ::5],
+         np.zeros((4, 312, 124, 3), dtype='f8')[::2, :, ::2, ::-1]])
+def test_iter_writemasked(a):
+    # Note, the slicing above is to ensure that nditer cannot combine multiple
+    # axes into one.  The repetition is just to make things a bit more
+    # interesting.
+    shape = a.shape
+    reps = shape[-1] // 3
+    msk = np.empty(shape, dtype=bool)
+    msk[...] = [True, True, False] * reps
+
+    # When buffering is unused, 'writemasked' effectively does nothing.
+    # It's up to the user of the iterator to obey the requested semantics.
+    it = np.nditer([a, msk], [],
+                [['readwrite', 'writemasked'],
+                 ['readonly', 'arraymask']])
+    with it:
+        for x, m in it:
+            x[...] = 1
+    # Because we violated the semantics, all the values became 1
+    assert_equal(a, np.broadcast_to([1, 1, 1] * reps, shape))
+
+    # Even if buffering is enabled, we still may be accessing the array
+    # directly.
+    it = np.nditer([a, msk], ['buffered'],
+                [['readwrite', 'writemasked'],
+                 ['readonly', 'arraymask']])
+    # @seberg: I honestly don't currently understand why a "buffered" iterator
+    # would end up not using a buffer for the small array here at least when
+    # "writemasked" is used, that seems confusing...  Check by testing for
+    # actual memory overlap!
+    is_buffered = True
+    with it:
+        for x, m in it:
+            x[...] = 2.5
+            if np.may_share_memory(x, a):
+                is_buffered = False
+
+    if not is_buffered:
+        # Because we violated the semantics, all the values became 2.5
+        assert_equal(a, np.broadcast_to([2.5, 2.5, 2.5] * reps, shape))
+    else:
+        # For large sizes, the iterator may be buffered:
+        assert_equal(a, np.broadcast_to([2.5, 2.5, 1] * reps, shape))
+        a[...] = 2.5
+
+    # If buffering will definitely happening, for instance because of
+    # a cast, only the items selected by the mask will be copied back from
+    # the buffer.
+    it = np.nditer([a, msk], ['buffered'],
+                [['readwrite', 'writemasked'],
+                 ['readonly', 'arraymask']],
+                op_dtypes=['i8', None],
+                casting='unsafe')
+    with it:
+        for x, m in it:
+            x[...] = 3
+    # Even though we violated the semantics, only the selected values
+    # were copied back
+    assert_equal(a, np.broadcast_to([3, 3, 2.5] * reps, shape))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["mask", "mask_axes"], [
+        # Allocated operand (only broadcasts with -1)
+        (None, [-1, 0]),
+        # Reduction along the first dimension (with and without op_axes)
+        (np.zeros((1, 4), dtype="bool"), [0, 1]),
+        (np.zeros((1, 4), dtype="bool"), None),
+        # Test 0-D and -1 op_axes
+        (np.zeros(4, dtype="bool"), [-1, 0]),
+        (np.zeros((), dtype="bool"), [-1, -1]),
+        (np.zeros((), dtype="bool"), None)])
+def test_iter_writemasked_broadcast_error(mask, mask_axes):
+    # This assumes that a readwrite mask makes sense. This is likely not the
+    # case and should simply be deprecated.
+    arr = np.zeros((3, 4))
+    itflags = ["reduce_ok"]
+    mask_flags = ["arraymask", "readwrite", "allocate"]
+    a_flags = ["writeonly", "writemasked"]
+    if mask_axes is None:
+        op_axes = None
+    else:
+        op_axes = [mask_axes, [0, 1]]
+
+    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+        np.nditer((mask, arr), flags=itflags, op_flags=[mask_flags, a_flags],
+                  op_axes=op_axes)
+
+
+def test_iter_writemasked_decref():
+    # force casting (to make it interesting) by using a structured dtype.
+    arr = np.arange(10000).astype(">i,O")
+    original = arr.copy()
+    mask = np.random.randint(0, 2, size=10000).astype(bool)
+
+    it = np.nditer([arr, mask], ['buffered', "refs_ok"],
+                   [['readwrite', 'writemasked'],
+                    ['readonly', 'arraymask']],
+                   op_dtypes=[" string -> longdouble` for the
+        # conversion.  But Python may refuse `str(int)` for huge ints.
+        # In that case, RuntimeWarning would be correct, but conversion
+        # fails earlier (seems to happen on 32bit linux, possibly only debug).
+        if dtype in "gG":
+            try:
+                str(too_big_int)
+            except ValueError:
+                pytest.skip("`huge_int -> string -> longdouble` failed")
+
+        # Otherwise, we overflow to infinity:
+        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning):
+            res = scalar_type(1) + too_big_int
+        assert res.dtype == dtype
+        assert res == np.inf
+
+        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning):
+            # We force the dtype here, since windows may otherwise pick the
+            # double instead of the longdouble loop.  That leads to slightly
+            # different results (conversion of the int fails as above).
+            res = np.add(np.array(1, dtype=dtype), too_big_int, dtype=dtype)
+        assert res.dtype == dtype
+        assert res == np.inf
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [operator.add, operator.pow, operator.eq])
+def test_weak_promotion_scalar_path(op):
+    # Some additional paths exercising the weak scalars.
+    np._set_promotion_state("weak")
+
+    # Integer path:
+    res = op(np.uint8(3), 5)
+    assert res == op(3, 5)
+    assert res.dtype == np.uint8 or res.dtype == bool
+
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
+        op(np.uint8(3), 1000)
+
+    # Float path:
+    res = op(np.float32(3), 5.)
+    assert res == op(3., 5.)
+    assert res.dtype == np.float32 or res.dtype == bool
+
+
+def test_nep50_complex_promotion():
+    np._set_promotion_state("weak")
+
+    with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match=".*overflow"):
+        res = np.complex64(3) + complex(2**300)
+
+    assert type(res) == np.complex64
+
+
+def test_nep50_integer_conversion_errors():
+    # Do not worry about warnings here (auto-fixture will reset).
+    np._set_promotion_state("weak")
+    # Implementation for error paths is mostly missing (as of writing)
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=".*uint8"):
+        np.array([1], np.uint8) + 300
+
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=".*uint8"):
+        np.uint8(1) + 300
+
+    # Error message depends on platform (maybe unsigned int or unsigned long)
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError,
+            match="Python integer -1 out of bounds for uint8"):
+        np.uint8(1) + -1
+
+
+def test_nep50_integer_regression():
+    # Test the old integer promotion rules.  When the integer is too large,
+    # we need to keep using the old-style promotion.
+    np._set_promotion_state("legacy")
+    arr = np.array(1)
+    assert (arr + 2**63).dtype == np.float64
+    assert (arr[()] + 2**63).dtype == np.float64
+
+
+def test_nep50_with_axisconcatenator():
+    # I promised that this will be an error in the future in the 1.25
+    # release notes;  test this (NEP 50 opt-in makes the deprecation an error).
+    np._set_promotion_state("weak")
+
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
+        np.r_[np.arange(5, dtype=np.int8), 255]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc", [np.add, np.power])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("state", ["weak", "weak_and_warn"])
+def test_nep50_huge_integers(ufunc, state):
+    # Very large integers are complicated, because they go to uint64 or
+    # object dtype.  This tests covers a few possible paths (some of which
+    # cannot give the NEP 50 warnings).
+    np._set_promotion_state(state)
+
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
+        ufunc(np.int64(0), 2**63)  # 2**63 too large for int64
+
+    if state == "weak_and_warn":
+        with pytest.warns(UserWarning,
+                match="result dtype changed.*float64.*uint64"):
+            with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
+                ufunc(np.uint64(0), 2**64)
+    else:
+        with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
+            ufunc(np.uint64(0), 2**64)  # 2**64 cannot be represented by uint64
+
+    # However, 2**63 can be represented by the uint64 (and that is used):
+    if state == "weak_and_warn":
+        with pytest.warns(UserWarning,
+                match="result dtype changed.*float64.*uint64"):
+            res = ufunc(np.uint64(1), 2**63)
+    else:
+        res = ufunc(np.uint64(1), 2**63)
+
+    assert res.dtype == np.uint64
+    assert res == ufunc(1, 2**63, dtype=object)
+
+    # The following paths fail to warn correctly about the change:
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
+        ufunc(np.int64(1), 2**63)  # np.array(2**63) would go to uint
+
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
+        ufunc(np.int64(1), 2**100)  # np.array(2**100) would go to object
+
+    # This would go to object and thus a Python float, not a NumPy one:
+    res = ufunc(1.0, 2**100)
+    assert isinstance(res, np.float64)
+
+
+def test_nep50_in_concat_and_choose():
+    np._set_promotion_state("weak_and_warn")
+
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="result dtype changed"):
+        res = np.concatenate([np.float32(1), 1.], axis=None)
+    assert res.dtype == "float32"
+
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="result dtype changed"):
+        res = np.choose(1, [np.float32(1), 1.])
+    assert res.dtype == "float32"
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_numeric.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_numeric.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5edd3efce5a71cdb48f0fef0ad792f9da61b374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_numeric.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3593 @@
+import sys
+import warnings
+import itertools
+import platform
+import pytest
+import math
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core import umath
+from numpy.random import rand, randint, randn
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_raises_regex,
+    assert_array_equal, assert_almost_equal, assert_array_almost_equal,
+    assert_warns, assert_array_max_ulp, HAS_REFCOUNT, IS_WASM
+    )
+from numpy.core._rational_tests import rational
+
+from hypothesis import given, strategies as st
+from hypothesis.extra import numpy as hynp
+
+
+class TestResize:
+    def test_copies(self):
+        A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        Ar1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]])
+        assert_equal(np.resize(A, (2, 4)), Ar1)
+
+        Ar2 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        assert_equal(np.resize(A, (4, 2)), Ar2)
+
+        Ar3 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 1, 2], [3, 4, 1], [2, 3, 4]])
+        assert_equal(np.resize(A, (4, 3)), Ar3)
+
+    def test_repeats(self):
+        A = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        Ar1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 1], [2, 3, 1, 2]])
+        assert_equal(np.resize(A, (2, 4)), Ar1)
+
+        Ar2 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 1], [2, 3], [1, 2]])
+        assert_equal(np.resize(A, (4, 2)), Ar2)
+
+        Ar3 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]])
+        assert_equal(np.resize(A, (4, 3)), Ar3)
+
+    def test_zeroresize(self):
+        A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        Ar = np.resize(A, (0,))
+        assert_array_equal(Ar, np.array([]))
+        assert_equal(A.dtype, Ar.dtype)
+
+        Ar = np.resize(A, (0, 2))
+        assert_equal(Ar.shape, (0, 2))
+
+        Ar = np.resize(A, (2, 0))
+        assert_equal(Ar.shape, (2, 0))
+
+    def test_reshape_from_zero(self):
+        # See also gh-6740
+        A = np.zeros(0, dtype=[('a', np.float32)])
+        Ar = np.resize(A, (2, 1))
+        assert_array_equal(Ar, np.zeros((2, 1), Ar.dtype))
+        assert_equal(A.dtype, Ar.dtype)
+
+    def test_negative_resize(self):
+        A = np.arange(0, 10, dtype=np.float32)
+        new_shape = (-10, -1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"negative"):
+            np.resize(A, new_shape=new_shape)
+
+    def test_subclass(self):
+        class MyArray(np.ndarray):
+            __array_priority__ = 1.
+
+        my_arr = np.array([1]).view(MyArray)
+        assert type(np.resize(my_arr, 5)) is MyArray
+        assert type(np.resize(my_arr, 0)) is MyArray
+
+        my_arr = np.array([]).view(MyArray)
+        assert type(np.resize(my_arr, 5)) is MyArray
+
+
+class TestNonarrayArgs:
+    # check that non-array arguments to functions wrap them in arrays
+    def test_choose(self):
+        choices = [[0, 1, 2],
+                   [3, 4, 5],
+                   [5, 6, 7]]
+        tgt = [5, 1, 5]
+        a = [2, 0, 1]
+
+        out = np.choose(a, choices)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    def test_clip(self):
+        arr = [-1, 5, 2, 3, 10, -4, -9]
+        out = np.clip(arr, 2, 7)
+        tgt = [2, 5, 2, 3, 7, 2, 2]
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    def test_compress(self):
+        arr = [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
+               [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]]
+        tgt = [[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]]
+        out = np.compress([0, 1], arr, axis=0)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    def test_count_nonzero(self):
+        arr = [[0, 1, 7, 0, 0],
+               [3, 0, 0, 2, 19]]
+        tgt = np.array([2, 3])
+        out = np.count_nonzero(arr, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    def test_cumproduct(self):
+        A = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            expected = np.array([1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720])
+            assert_(np.all(np.cumproduct(A) == expected))
+
+    def test_diagonal(self):
+        a = [[0, 1, 2, 3],
+             [4, 5, 6, 7],
+             [8, 9, 10, 11]]
+        out = np.diagonal(a)
+        tgt = [0, 5, 10]
+
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    def test_mean(self):
+        A = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
+        assert_(np.mean(A) == 3.5)
+        assert_(np.all(np.mean(A, 0) == np.array([2.5, 3.5, 4.5])))
+        assert_(np.all(np.mean(A, 1) == np.array([2., 5.])))
+
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', RuntimeWarning)
+            assert_(np.isnan(np.mean([])))
+            assert_(w[0].category is RuntimeWarning)
+
+    def test_ptp(self):
+        a = [3, 4, 5, 10, -3, -5, 6.0]
+        assert_equal(np.ptp(a, axis=0), 15.0)
+
+    def test_prod(self):
+        arr = [[1, 2, 3, 4],
+               [5, 6, 7, 9],
+               [10, 3, 4, 5]]
+        tgt = [24, 1890, 600]
+
+        assert_equal(np.prod(arr, axis=-1), tgt)
+
+    def test_ravel(self):
+        a = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]
+        tgt = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
+        assert_equal(np.ravel(a), tgt)
+
+    def test_repeat(self):
+        a = [1, 2, 3]
+        tgt = [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3]
+
+        out = np.repeat(a, 2)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    def test_reshape(self):
+        arr = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]
+        tgt = [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]]
+        assert_equal(np.reshape(arr, (2, 6)), tgt)
+
+    def test_round(self):
+        arr = [1.56, 72.54, 6.35, 3.25]
+        tgt = [1.6, 72.5, 6.4, 3.2]
+        assert_equal(np.around(arr, decimals=1), tgt)
+        s = np.float64(1.)
+        assert_(isinstance(s.round(), np.float64))
+        assert_equal(s.round(), 1.)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', [
+        np.int8, np.int16, np.int32, np.int64,
+        np.uint8, np.uint16, np.uint32, np.uint64,
+        np.float16, np.float32, np.float64,
+    ])
+    def test_dunder_round(self, dtype):
+        s = dtype(1)
+        assert_(isinstance(round(s), int))
+        assert_(isinstance(round(s, None), int))
+        assert_(isinstance(round(s, ndigits=None), int))
+        assert_equal(round(s), 1)
+        assert_equal(round(s, None), 1)
+        assert_equal(round(s, ndigits=None), 1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('val, ndigits', [
+        pytest.param(2**31 - 1, -1,
+            marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Out of range of int32")
+        ),
+        (2**31 - 1, 1-math.ceil(math.log10(2**31 - 1))),
+        (2**31 - 1, -math.ceil(math.log10(2**31 - 1)))
+    ])
+    def test_dunder_round_edgecases(self, val, ndigits):
+        assert_equal(round(val, ndigits), round(np.int32(val), ndigits))
+
+    def test_dunder_round_accuracy(self):
+        f = np.float64(5.1 * 10**73)
+        assert_(isinstance(round(f, -73), np.float64))
+        assert_array_max_ulp(round(f, -73), 5.0 * 10**73)
+        assert_(isinstance(round(f, ndigits=-73), np.float64))
+        assert_array_max_ulp(round(f, ndigits=-73), 5.0 * 10**73)
+
+        i = np.int64(501)
+        assert_(isinstance(round(i, -2), np.int64))
+        assert_array_max_ulp(round(i, -2), 500)
+        assert_(isinstance(round(i, ndigits=-2), np.int64))
+        assert_array_max_ulp(round(i, ndigits=-2), 500)
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(raises=AssertionError, reason="gh-15896")
+    def test_round_py_consistency(self):
+        f = 5.1 * 10**73
+        assert_equal(round(np.float64(f), -73), round(f, -73))
+
+    def test_searchsorted(self):
+        arr = [-8, -5, -1, 3, 6, 10]
+        out = np.searchsorted(arr, 0)
+        assert_equal(out, 3)
+
+    def test_size(self):
+        A = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
+        assert_(np.size(A) == 6)
+        assert_(np.size(A, 0) == 2)
+        assert_(np.size(A, 1) == 3)
+
+    def test_squeeze(self):
+        A = [[[1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2], [3, 3, 3]]]
+        assert_equal(np.squeeze(A).shape, (3, 3))
+        assert_equal(np.squeeze(np.zeros((1, 3, 1))).shape, (3,))
+        assert_equal(np.squeeze(np.zeros((1, 3, 1)), axis=0).shape, (3, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.squeeze(np.zeros((1, 3, 1)), axis=-1).shape, (1, 3))
+        assert_equal(np.squeeze(np.zeros((1, 3, 1)), axis=2).shape, (1, 3))
+        assert_equal(np.squeeze([np.zeros((3, 1))]).shape, (3,))
+        assert_equal(np.squeeze([np.zeros((3, 1))], axis=0).shape, (3, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.squeeze([np.zeros((3, 1))], axis=2).shape, (1, 3))
+        assert_equal(np.squeeze([np.zeros((3, 1))], axis=-1).shape, (1, 3))
+
+    def test_std(self):
+        A = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
+        assert_almost_equal(np.std(A), 1.707825127659933)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.std(A, 0), np.array([1.5, 1.5, 1.5]))
+        assert_almost_equal(np.std(A, 1), np.array([0.81649658, 0.81649658]))
+
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', RuntimeWarning)
+            assert_(np.isnan(np.std([])))
+            assert_(w[0].category is RuntimeWarning)
+
+    def test_swapaxes(self):
+        tgt = [[[0, 4], [2, 6]], [[1, 5], [3, 7]]]
+        a = [[[0, 1], [2, 3]], [[4, 5], [6, 7]]]
+        out = np.swapaxes(a, 0, 2)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    def test_sum(self):
+        m = [[1, 2, 3],
+             [4, 5, 6],
+             [7, 8, 9]]
+        tgt = [[6], [15], [24]]
+        out = np.sum(m, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+
+        assert_equal(tgt, out)
+
+    def test_take(self):
+        tgt = [2, 3, 5]
+        indices = [1, 2, 4]
+        a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+        out = np.take(a, indices)
+        assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    def test_trace(self):
+        c = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]
+        assert_equal(np.trace(c), 5)
+
+    def test_transpose(self):
+        arr = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]
+        tgt = [[1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6]]
+        assert_equal(np.transpose(arr, (1, 0)), tgt)
+
+    def test_var(self):
+        A = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
+        assert_almost_equal(np.var(A), 2.9166666666666665)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.var(A, 0), np.array([2.25, 2.25, 2.25]))
+        assert_almost_equal(np.var(A, 1), np.array([0.66666667, 0.66666667]))
+
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', RuntimeWarning)
+            assert_(np.isnan(np.var([])))
+            assert_(w[0].category is RuntimeWarning)
+
+        B = np.array([None, 0])
+        B[0] = 1j
+        assert_almost_equal(np.var(B), 0.25)
+
+
+class TestIsscalar:
+    def test_isscalar(self):
+        assert_(np.isscalar(3.1))
+        assert_(np.isscalar(np.int16(12345)))
+        assert_(np.isscalar(False))
+        assert_(np.isscalar('numpy'))
+        assert_(not np.isscalar([3.1]))
+        assert_(not np.isscalar(None))
+
+        # PEP 3141
+        from fractions import Fraction
+        assert_(np.isscalar(Fraction(5, 17)))
+        from numbers import Number
+        assert_(np.isscalar(Number()))
+
+
+class TestBoolScalar:
+    def test_logical(self):
+        f = np.False_
+        t = np.True_
+        s = "xyz"
+        assert_((t and s) is s)
+        assert_((f and s) is f)
+
+    def test_bitwise_or(self):
+        f = np.False_
+        t = np.True_
+        assert_((t | t) is t)
+        assert_((f | t) is t)
+        assert_((t | f) is t)
+        assert_((f | f) is f)
+
+    def test_bitwise_and(self):
+        f = np.False_
+        t = np.True_
+        assert_((t & t) is t)
+        assert_((f & t) is f)
+        assert_((t & f) is f)
+        assert_((f & f) is f)
+
+    def test_bitwise_xor(self):
+        f = np.False_
+        t = np.True_
+        assert_((t ^ t) is f)
+        assert_((f ^ t) is t)
+        assert_((t ^ f) is t)
+        assert_((f ^ f) is f)
+
+
+class TestBoolArray:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        # offset for simd tests
+        self.t = np.array([True] * 41, dtype=bool)[1::]
+        self.f = np.array([False] * 41, dtype=bool)[1::]
+        self.o = np.array([False] * 42, dtype=bool)[2::]
+        self.nm = self.f.copy()
+        self.im = self.t.copy()
+        self.nm[3] = True
+        self.nm[-2] = True
+        self.im[3] = False
+        self.im[-2] = False
+
+    def test_all_any(self):
+        assert_(self.t.all())
+        assert_(self.t.any())
+        assert_(not self.f.all())
+        assert_(not self.f.any())
+        assert_(self.nm.any())
+        assert_(self.im.any())
+        assert_(not self.nm.all())
+        assert_(not self.im.all())
+        # check bad element in all positions
+        for i in range(256 - 7):
+            d = np.array([False] * 256, dtype=bool)[7::]
+            d[i] = True
+            assert_(np.any(d))
+            e = np.array([True] * 256, dtype=bool)[7::]
+            e[i] = False
+            assert_(not np.all(e))
+            assert_array_equal(e, ~d)
+        # big array test for blocked libc loops
+        for i in list(range(9, 6000, 507)) + [7764, 90021, -10]:
+            d = np.array([False] * 100043, dtype=bool)
+            d[i] = True
+            assert_(np.any(d), msg="%r" % i)
+            e = np.array([True] * 100043, dtype=bool)
+            e[i] = False
+            assert_(not np.all(e), msg="%r" % i)
+
+    def test_logical_not_abs(self):
+        assert_array_equal(~self.t, self.f)
+        assert_array_equal(np.abs(~self.t), self.f)
+        assert_array_equal(np.abs(~self.f), self.t)
+        assert_array_equal(np.abs(self.f), self.f)
+        assert_array_equal(~np.abs(self.f), self.t)
+        assert_array_equal(~np.abs(self.t), self.f)
+        assert_array_equal(np.abs(~self.nm), self.im)
+        np.logical_not(self.t, out=self.o)
+        assert_array_equal(self.o, self.f)
+        np.abs(self.t, out=self.o)
+        assert_array_equal(self.o, self.t)
+
+    def test_logical_and_or_xor(self):
+        assert_array_equal(self.t | self.t, self.t)
+        assert_array_equal(self.f | self.f, self.f)
+        assert_array_equal(self.t | self.f, self.t)
+        assert_array_equal(self.f | self.t, self.t)
+        np.logical_or(self.t, self.t, out=self.o)
+        assert_array_equal(self.o, self.t)
+        assert_array_equal(self.t & self.t, self.t)
+        assert_array_equal(self.f & self.f, self.f)
+        assert_array_equal(self.t & self.f, self.f)
+        assert_array_equal(self.f & self.t, self.f)
+        np.logical_and(self.t, self.t, out=self.o)
+        assert_array_equal(self.o, self.t)
+        assert_array_equal(self.t ^ self.t, self.f)
+        assert_array_equal(self.f ^ self.f, self.f)
+        assert_array_equal(self.t ^ self.f, self.t)
+        assert_array_equal(self.f ^ self.t, self.t)
+        np.logical_xor(self.t, self.t, out=self.o)
+        assert_array_equal(self.o, self.f)
+
+        assert_array_equal(self.nm & self.t, self.nm)
+        assert_array_equal(self.im & self.f, False)
+        assert_array_equal(self.nm & True, self.nm)
+        assert_array_equal(self.im & False, self.f)
+        assert_array_equal(self.nm | self.t, self.t)
+        assert_array_equal(self.im | self.f, self.im)
+        assert_array_equal(self.nm | True, self.t)
+        assert_array_equal(self.im | False, self.im)
+        assert_array_equal(self.nm ^ self.t, self.im)
+        assert_array_equal(self.im ^ self.f, self.im)
+        assert_array_equal(self.nm ^ True, self.im)
+        assert_array_equal(self.im ^ False, self.im)
+
+
+class TestBoolCmp:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.f = np.ones(256, dtype=np.float32)
+        self.ef = np.ones(self.f.size, dtype=bool)
+        self.d = np.ones(128, dtype=np.float64)
+        self.ed = np.ones(self.d.size, dtype=bool)
+        # generate values for all permutation of 256bit simd vectors
+        s = 0
+        for i in range(32):
+            self.f[s:s+8] = [i & 2**x for x in range(8)]
+            self.ef[s:s+8] = [(i & 2**x) != 0 for x in range(8)]
+            s += 8
+        s = 0
+        for i in range(16):
+            self.d[s:s+4] = [i & 2**x for x in range(4)]
+            self.ed[s:s+4] = [(i & 2**x) != 0 for x in range(4)]
+            s += 4
+
+        self.nf = self.f.copy()
+        self.nd = self.d.copy()
+        self.nf[self.ef] = np.nan
+        self.nd[self.ed] = np.nan
+
+        self.inff = self.f.copy()
+        self.infd = self.d.copy()
+        self.inff[::3][self.ef[::3]] = np.inf
+        self.infd[::3][self.ed[::3]] = np.inf
+        self.inff[1::3][self.ef[1::3]] = -np.inf
+        self.infd[1::3][self.ed[1::3]] = -np.inf
+        self.inff[2::3][self.ef[2::3]] = np.nan
+        self.infd[2::3][self.ed[2::3]] = np.nan
+        self.efnonan = self.ef.copy()
+        self.efnonan[2::3] = False
+        self.ednonan = self.ed.copy()
+        self.ednonan[2::3] = False
+
+        self.signf = self.f.copy()
+        self.signd = self.d.copy()
+        self.signf[self.ef] *= -1.
+        self.signd[self.ed] *= -1.
+        self.signf[1::6][self.ef[1::6]] = -np.inf
+        self.signd[1::6][self.ed[1::6]] = -np.inf
+        # On RISC-V, many operations that produce NaNs, such as converting
+        # a -NaN from f64 to f32, return a canonical NaN.  The canonical
+        # NaNs are always positive.  See section 11.3 NaN Generation and
+        # Propagation of the RISC-V Unprivileged ISA for more details.
+        # We disable the float32 sign test on riscv64 for -np.nan as the sign
+        # of the NaN will be lost when it's converted to a float32.
+        if platform.processor() != 'riscv64':
+            self.signf[3::6][self.ef[3::6]] = -np.nan
+        self.signd[3::6][self.ed[3::6]] = -np.nan
+        self.signf[4::6][self.ef[4::6]] = -0.
+        self.signd[4::6][self.ed[4::6]] = -0.
+
+    def test_float(self):
+        # offset for alignment test
+        for i in range(4):
+            assert_array_equal(self.f[i:] > 0, self.ef[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(self.f[i:] - 1 >= 0, self.ef[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(self.f[i:] == 0, ~self.ef[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(-self.f[i:] < 0, self.ef[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(-self.f[i:] + 1 <= 0, self.ef[i:])
+            r = self.f[i:] != 0
+            assert_array_equal(r, self.ef[i:])
+            r2 = self.f[i:] != np.zeros_like(self.f[i:])
+            r3 = 0 != self.f[i:]
+            assert_array_equal(r, r2)
+            assert_array_equal(r, r3)
+            # check bool == 0x1
+            assert_array_equal(r.view(np.int8), r.astype(np.int8))
+            assert_array_equal(r2.view(np.int8), r2.astype(np.int8))
+            assert_array_equal(r3.view(np.int8), r3.astype(np.int8))
+
+            # isnan on amd64 takes the same code path
+            assert_array_equal(np.isnan(self.nf[i:]), self.ef[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(np.isfinite(self.nf[i:]), ~self.ef[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(np.isfinite(self.inff[i:]), ~self.ef[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(np.isinf(self.inff[i:]), self.efnonan[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(np.signbit(self.signf[i:]), self.ef[i:])
+
+    def test_double(self):
+        # offset for alignment test
+        for i in range(2):
+            assert_array_equal(self.d[i:] > 0, self.ed[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(self.d[i:] - 1 >= 0, self.ed[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(self.d[i:] == 0, ~self.ed[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(-self.d[i:] < 0, self.ed[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(-self.d[i:] + 1 <= 0, self.ed[i:])
+            r = self.d[i:] != 0
+            assert_array_equal(r, self.ed[i:])
+            r2 = self.d[i:] != np.zeros_like(self.d[i:])
+            r3 = 0 != self.d[i:]
+            assert_array_equal(r, r2)
+            assert_array_equal(r, r3)
+            # check bool == 0x1
+            assert_array_equal(r.view(np.int8), r.astype(np.int8))
+            assert_array_equal(r2.view(np.int8), r2.astype(np.int8))
+            assert_array_equal(r3.view(np.int8), r3.astype(np.int8))
+
+            # isnan on amd64 takes the same code path
+            assert_array_equal(np.isnan(self.nd[i:]), self.ed[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(np.isfinite(self.nd[i:]), ~self.ed[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(np.isfinite(self.infd[i:]), ~self.ed[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(np.isinf(self.infd[i:]), self.ednonan[i:])
+            assert_array_equal(np.signbit(self.signd[i:]), self.ed[i:])
+
+
+class TestSeterr:
+    def test_default(self):
+        err = np.geterr()
+        assert_equal(err,
+                     dict(divide='warn',
+                          invalid='warn',
+                          over='warn',
+                          under='ignore')
+                     )
+
+    def test_set(self):
+        with np.errstate():
+            err = np.seterr()
+            old = np.seterr(divide='print')
+            assert_(err == old)
+            new = np.seterr()
+            assert_(new['divide'] == 'print')
+            np.seterr(over='raise')
+            assert_(np.geterr()['over'] == 'raise')
+            assert_(new['divide'] == 'print')
+            np.seterr(**old)
+            assert_(np.geterr() == old)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="no wasm fp exception support")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(platform.machine() == "armv5tel", reason="See gh-413.")
+    def test_divide_err(self):
+        with np.errstate(divide='raise'):
+            with assert_raises(FloatingPointError):
+                np.array([1.]) / np.array([0.])
+
+            np.seterr(divide='ignore')
+            np.array([1.]) / np.array([0.])
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="no wasm fp exception support")
+    def test_errobj(self):
+        olderrobj = np.geterrobj()
+        self.called = 0
+        try:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+                warnings.simplefilter("always")
+                with np.errstate(divide='warn'):
+                    np.seterrobj([20000, 1, None])
+                    np.array([1.]) / np.array([0.])
+                    assert_equal(len(w), 1)
+
+            def log_err(*args):
+                self.called += 1
+                extobj_err = args
+                assert_(len(extobj_err) == 2)
+                assert_("divide" in extobj_err[0])
+
+            with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
+                np.seterrobj([20000, 3, log_err])
+                np.array([1.]) / np.array([0.])
+            assert_equal(self.called, 1)
+
+            np.seterrobj(olderrobj)
+            with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
+                np.divide(1., 0., extobj=[20000, 3, log_err])
+            assert_equal(self.called, 2)
+        finally:
+            np.seterrobj(olderrobj)
+            del self.called
+
+    def test_errobj_noerrmask(self):
+        # errmask = 0 has a special code path for the default
+        olderrobj = np.geterrobj()
+        try:
+            # set errobj to something non default
+            np.seterrobj([umath.UFUNC_BUFSIZE_DEFAULT,
+                         umath.ERR_DEFAULT + 1, None])
+            # call a ufunc
+            np.isnan(np.array([6]))
+            # same with the default, lots of times to get rid of possible
+            # pre-existing stack in the code
+            for i in range(10000):
+                np.seterrobj([umath.UFUNC_BUFSIZE_DEFAULT, umath.ERR_DEFAULT,
+                             None])
+            np.isnan(np.array([6]))
+        finally:
+            np.seterrobj(olderrobj)
+
+
+class TestFloatExceptions:
+    def assert_raises_fpe(self, fpeerr, flop, x, y):
+        ftype = type(x)
+        try:
+            flop(x, y)
+            assert_(False,
+                    "Type %s did not raise fpe error '%s'." % (ftype, fpeerr))
+        except FloatingPointError as exc:
+            assert_(str(exc).find(fpeerr) >= 0,
+                    "Type %s raised wrong fpe error '%s'." % (ftype, exc))
+
+    def assert_op_raises_fpe(self, fpeerr, flop, sc1, sc2):
+        # Check that fpe exception is raised.
+        #
+        # Given a floating operation `flop` and two scalar values, check that
+        # the operation raises the floating point exception specified by
+        # `fpeerr`. Tests all variants with 0-d array scalars as well.
+
+        self.assert_raises_fpe(fpeerr, flop, sc1, sc2)
+        self.assert_raises_fpe(fpeerr, flop, sc1[()], sc2)
+        self.assert_raises_fpe(fpeerr, flop, sc1, sc2[()])
+        self.assert_raises_fpe(fpeerr, flop, sc1[()], sc2[()])
+
+    # Test for all real and complex float types
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="no wasm fp exception support")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("typecode", np.typecodes["AllFloat"])
+    def test_floating_exceptions(self, typecode):
+        if 'bsd' in sys.platform and typecode in 'gG':
+            pytest.skip(reason="Fallback impl for (c)longdouble may not raise "
+                               "FPE errors as expected on BSD OSes, "
+                               "see gh-24876, gh-23379")
+
+        # Test basic arithmetic function errors
+        with np.errstate(all='raise'):
+            ftype = np.obj2sctype(typecode)
+            if np.dtype(ftype).kind == 'f':
+                # Get some extreme values for the type
+                fi = np.finfo(ftype)
+                ft_tiny = fi._machar.tiny
+                ft_max = fi.max
+                ft_eps = fi.eps
+                underflow = 'underflow'
+                divbyzero = 'divide by zero'
+            else:
+                # 'c', complex, corresponding real dtype
+                rtype = type(ftype(0).real)
+                fi = np.finfo(rtype)
+                ft_tiny = ftype(fi._machar.tiny)
+                ft_max = ftype(fi.max)
+                ft_eps = ftype(fi.eps)
+                # The complex types raise different exceptions
+                underflow = ''
+                divbyzero = ''
+            overflow = 'overflow'
+            invalid = 'invalid'
+
+            # The value of tiny for double double is NaN, so we need to
+            # pass the assert
+            if not np.isnan(ft_tiny):
+                self.assert_raises_fpe(underflow,
+                                    lambda a, b: a/b, ft_tiny, ft_max)
+                self.assert_raises_fpe(underflow,
+                                    lambda a, b: a*b, ft_tiny, ft_tiny)
+            self.assert_raises_fpe(overflow,
+                                   lambda a, b: a*b, ft_max, ftype(2))
+            self.assert_raises_fpe(overflow,
+                                   lambda a, b: a/b, ft_max, ftype(0.5))
+            self.assert_raises_fpe(overflow,
+                                   lambda a, b: a+b, ft_max, ft_max*ft_eps)
+            self.assert_raises_fpe(overflow,
+                                   lambda a, b: a-b, -ft_max, ft_max*ft_eps)
+            self.assert_raises_fpe(overflow,
+                                   np.power, ftype(2), ftype(2**fi.nexp))
+            self.assert_raises_fpe(divbyzero,
+                                   lambda a, b: a/b, ftype(1), ftype(0))
+            self.assert_raises_fpe(
+                invalid, lambda a, b: a/b, ftype(np.inf), ftype(np.inf)
+            )
+            self.assert_raises_fpe(invalid,
+                                   lambda a, b: a/b, ftype(0), ftype(0))
+            self.assert_raises_fpe(
+                invalid, lambda a, b: a-b, ftype(np.inf), ftype(np.inf)
+            )
+            self.assert_raises_fpe(
+                invalid, lambda a, b: a+b, ftype(np.inf), ftype(-np.inf)
+            )
+            self.assert_raises_fpe(invalid,
+                                   lambda a, b: a*b, ftype(0), ftype(np.inf))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="no wasm fp exception support")
+    def test_warnings(self):
+        # test warning code path
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            with np.errstate(all="warn"):
+                np.divide(1, 0.)
+                assert_equal(len(w), 1)
+                assert_("divide by zero" in str(w[0].message))
+                np.array(1e300) * np.array(1e300)
+                assert_equal(len(w), 2)
+                assert_("overflow" in str(w[-1].message))
+                np.array(np.inf) - np.array(np.inf)
+                assert_equal(len(w), 3)
+                assert_("invalid value" in str(w[-1].message))
+                np.array(1e-300) * np.array(1e-300)
+                assert_equal(len(w), 4)
+                assert_("underflow" in str(w[-1].message))
+
+
+class TestTypes:
+    def check_promotion_cases(self, promote_func):
+        # tests that the scalars get coerced correctly.
+        b = np.bool_(0)
+        i8, i16, i32, i64 = np.int8(0), np.int16(0), np.int32(0), np.int64(0)
+        u8, u16, u32, u64 = np.uint8(0), np.uint16(0), np.uint32(0), np.uint64(0)
+        f32, f64, fld = np.float32(0), np.float64(0), np.longdouble(0)
+        c64, c128, cld = np.complex64(0), np.complex128(0), np.clongdouble(0)
+
+        # coercion within the same kind
+        assert_equal(promote_func(i8, i16), np.dtype(np.int16))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(i32, i8), np.dtype(np.int32))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(i16, i64), np.dtype(np.int64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(u8, u32), np.dtype(np.uint32))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(f32, f64), np.dtype(np.float64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(fld, f32), np.dtype(np.longdouble))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(f64, fld), np.dtype(np.longdouble))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(c128, c64), np.dtype(np.complex128))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(cld, c128), np.dtype(np.clongdouble))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(c64, fld), np.dtype(np.clongdouble))
+
+        # coercion between kinds
+        assert_equal(promote_func(b, i32), np.dtype(np.int32))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(b, u8), np.dtype(np.uint8))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(i8, u8), np.dtype(np.int16))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(u8, i32), np.dtype(np.int32))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(i64, u32), np.dtype(np.int64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(u64, i32), np.dtype(np.float64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(i32, f32), np.dtype(np.float64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(i64, f32), np.dtype(np.float64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(f32, i16), np.dtype(np.float32))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(f32, u32), np.dtype(np.float64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(f32, c64), np.dtype(np.complex64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(c128, f32), np.dtype(np.complex128))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(cld, f64), np.dtype(np.clongdouble))
+
+        # coercion between scalars and 1-D arrays
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([b]), i8), np.dtype(np.int8))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([b]), u8), np.dtype(np.uint8))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([b]), i32), np.dtype(np.int32))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([b]), u32), np.dtype(np.uint32))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([i8]), i64), np.dtype(np.int8))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(u64, np.array([i32])), np.dtype(np.int32))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(i64, np.array([u32])), np.dtype(np.uint32))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.int32(-1), np.array([u64])),
+                     np.dtype(np.float64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(f64, np.array([f32])), np.dtype(np.float32))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(fld, np.array([f32])), np.dtype(np.float32))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([f64]), fld), np.dtype(np.float64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(fld, np.array([c64])),
+                     np.dtype(np.complex64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(c64, np.array([f64])),
+                     np.dtype(np.complex128))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.complex64(3j), np.array([f64])),
+                     np.dtype(np.complex128))
+
+        # coercion between scalars and 1-D arrays, where
+        # the scalar has greater kind than the array
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([b]), f64), np.dtype(np.float64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([b]), i64), np.dtype(np.int64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([b]), u64), np.dtype(np.uint64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([i8]), f64), np.dtype(np.float64))
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([u16]), f64), np.dtype(np.float64))
+
+        # uint and int are treated as the same "kind" for
+        # the purposes of array-scalar promotion.
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([u16]), i32), np.dtype(np.uint16))
+
+        # float and complex are treated as the same "kind" for
+        # the purposes of array-scalar promotion, so that you can do
+        # (0j + float32array) to get a complex64 array instead of
+        # a complex128 array.
+        assert_equal(promote_func(np.array([f32]), c128),
+                     np.dtype(np.complex64))
+
+    def test_coercion(self):
+        def res_type(a, b):
+            return np.add(a, b).dtype
+
+        self.check_promotion_cases(res_type)
+
+        # Use-case: float/complex scalar * bool/int8 array
+        #           shouldn't narrow the float/complex type
+        for a in [np.array([True, False]), np.array([-3, 12], dtype=np.int8)]:
+            b = 1.234 * a
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('f8'), "array type %s" % a.dtype)
+            b = np.longdouble(1.234) * a
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype(np.longdouble),
+                         "array type %s" % a.dtype)
+            b = np.float64(1.234) * a
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('f8'), "array type %s" % a.dtype)
+            b = np.float32(1.234) * a
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('f4'), "array type %s" % a.dtype)
+            b = np.float16(1.234) * a
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('f2'), "array type %s" % a.dtype)
+
+            b = 1.234j * a
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('c16'), "array type %s" % a.dtype)
+            b = np.clongdouble(1.234j) * a
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype(np.clongdouble),
+                         "array type %s" % a.dtype)
+            b = np.complex128(1.234j) * a
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('c16'), "array type %s" % a.dtype)
+            b = np.complex64(1.234j) * a
+            assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('c8'), "array type %s" % a.dtype)
+
+        # The following use-case is problematic, and to resolve its
+        # tricky side-effects requires more changes.
+        #
+        # Use-case: (1-t)*a, where 't' is a boolean array and 'a' is
+        #            a float32, shouldn't promote to float64
+        #
+        # a = np.array([1.0, 1.5], dtype=np.float32)
+        # t = np.array([True, False])
+        # b = t*a
+        # assert_equal(b, [1.0, 0.0])
+        # assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+        # b = (1-t)*a
+        # assert_equal(b, [0.0, 1.5])
+        # assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+        #
+        # Probably ~t (bitwise negation) is more proper to use here,
+        # but this is arguably less intuitive to understand at a glance, and
+        # would fail if 't' is actually an integer array instead of boolean:
+        #
+        # b = (~t)*a
+        # assert_equal(b, [0.0, 1.5])
+        # assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('f4'))
+
+    def test_result_type(self):
+        self.check_promotion_cases(np.result_type)
+        assert_(np.result_type(None) == np.dtype(None))
+
+    def test_promote_types_endian(self):
+        # promote_types should always return native-endian types
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types('i8', '>i8'), np.dtype('i8'))
+
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types('>i8', '>U16'), np.dtype('U21'))
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types('U16', '>i8'), np.dtype('U21'))
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types('S5', '>U8'), np.dtype('U8'))
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types('U8', '>S5'), np.dtype('U8'))
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types('U8', '>U5'), np.dtype('U8'))
+
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types('M8', '>M8'), np.dtype('M8'))
+        assert_equal(np.promote_types('m8', '>m8'), np.dtype('m8'))
+
+    def test_can_cast_and_promote_usertypes(self):
+        # The rational type defines safe casting for signed integers,
+        # boolean. Rational itself *does* cast safely to double.
+        # (rational does not actually cast to all signed integers, e.g.
+        # int64 can be both long and longlong and it registers only the first)
+        valid_types = ["int8", "int16", "int32", "int64", "bool"]
+        invalid_types = "BHILQP" + "FDG" + "mM" + "f" + "V"
+
+        rational_dt = np.dtype(rational)
+        for numpy_dtype in valid_types:
+            numpy_dtype = np.dtype(numpy_dtype)
+            assert np.can_cast(numpy_dtype, rational_dt)
+            assert np.promote_types(numpy_dtype, rational_dt) is rational_dt
+
+        for numpy_dtype in invalid_types:
+            numpy_dtype = np.dtype(numpy_dtype)
+            assert not np.can_cast(numpy_dtype, rational_dt)
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+                np.promote_types(numpy_dtype, rational_dt)
+
+        double_dt = np.dtype("double")
+        assert np.can_cast(rational_dt, double_dt)
+        assert np.promote_types(double_dt, rational_dt) is double_dt
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("swap", ["", "swap"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("string_dtype", ["U", "S"])
+    def test_promote_types_strings(self, swap, string_dtype):
+        if swap == "swap":
+            promote_types = lambda a, b: np.promote_types(b, a)
+        else:
+            promote_types = np.promote_types
+
+        S = string_dtype
+
+        # Promote numeric with unsized string:
+        assert_equal(promote_types('bool', S), np.dtype(S+'5'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('b', S), np.dtype(S+'4'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u1', S), np.dtype(S+'3'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u2', S), np.dtype(S+'5'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u4', S), np.dtype(S+'10'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u8', S), np.dtype(S+'20'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('i1', S), np.dtype(S+'4'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('i2', S), np.dtype(S+'6'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('i4', S), np.dtype(S+'11'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('i8', S), np.dtype(S+'21'))
+        # Promote numeric with sized string:
+        assert_equal(promote_types('bool', S+'1'), np.dtype(S+'5'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('bool', S+'30'), np.dtype(S+'30'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('b', S+'1'), np.dtype(S+'4'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('b', S+'30'), np.dtype(S+'30'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u1', S+'1'), np.dtype(S+'3'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u1', S+'30'), np.dtype(S+'30'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u2', S+'1'), np.dtype(S+'5'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u2', S+'30'), np.dtype(S+'30'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u4', S+'1'), np.dtype(S+'10'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u4', S+'30'), np.dtype(S+'30'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u8', S+'1'), np.dtype(S+'20'))
+        assert_equal(promote_types('u8', S+'30'), np.dtype(S+'30'))
+        # Promote with object:
+        assert_equal(promote_types('O', S+'30'), np.dtype('O'))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["dtype1", "dtype2"],
+            [[np.dtype("V6"), np.dtype("V10")],  # mismatch shape
+             # Mismatching names:
+             [np.dtype([("name1", "i8")]), np.dtype([("name2", "i8")])],
+            ])
+    def test_invalid_void_promotion(self, dtype1, dtype2):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.promote_types(dtype1, dtype2)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["dtype1", "dtype2"],
+            [[np.dtype("V10"), np.dtype("V10")],
+             [np.dtype([("name1", "i8")]),
+              np.dtype([("name1", np.dtype("i8").newbyteorder())])],
+             [np.dtype("i8,i8"), np.dtype("i8,>i8")],
+             [np.dtype("i8,i8"), np.dtype("i4,i4")],
+            ])
+    def test_valid_void_promotion(self, dtype1, dtype2):
+        assert np.promote_types(dtype1, dtype2) == dtype1
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype",
+            list(np.typecodes["All"]) +
+            ["i,i", "10i", "S3", "S100", "U3", "U100", rational])
+    def test_promote_identical_types_metadata(self, dtype):
+        # The same type passed in twice to promote types always
+        # preserves metadata
+        metadata = {1: 1}
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype, metadata=metadata)
+
+        res = np.promote_types(dtype, dtype)
+        assert res.metadata == dtype.metadata
+
+        # byte-swapping preserves and makes the dtype native:
+        dtype = dtype.newbyteorder()
+        if dtype.isnative:
+            # The type does not have byte swapping
+            return
+
+        res = np.promote_types(dtype, dtype)
+
+        # Metadata is (currently) generally lost on byte-swapping (except for
+        # unicode.
+        if dtype.char != "U":
+            assert res.metadata is None
+        else:
+            assert res.metadata == metadata
+        assert res.isnative
+
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings('ignore:Promotion of numbers:FutureWarning')
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["dtype1", "dtype2"],
+            itertools.product(
+                list(np.typecodes["All"]) +
+                ["i,i", "S3", "S100", "U3", "U100", rational],
+                repeat=2))
+    def test_promote_types_metadata(self, dtype1, dtype2):
+        """Metadata handling in promotion does not appear formalized
+        right now in NumPy. This test should thus be considered to
+        document behaviour, rather than test the correct definition of it.
+
+        This test is very ugly, it was useful for rewriting part of the
+        promotion, but probably should eventually be replaced/deleted
+        (i.e. when metadata handling in promotion is better defined).
+        """
+        metadata1 = {1: 1}
+        metadata2 = {2: 2}
+        dtype1 = np.dtype(dtype1, metadata=metadata1)
+        dtype2 = np.dtype(dtype2, metadata=metadata2)
+
+        try:
+            res = np.promote_types(dtype1, dtype2)
+        except TypeError:
+            # Promotion failed, this test only checks metadata
+            return
+
+        if res.char not in "USV" or res.names is not None or res.shape != ():
+            # All except string dtypes (and unstructured void) lose metadata
+            # on promotion (unless both dtypes are identical).
+            # At some point structured ones did not, but were restrictive.
+            assert res.metadata is None
+        elif res == dtype1:
+            # If one result is the result, it is usually returned unchanged:
+            assert res is dtype1
+        elif res == dtype2:
+            # dtype1 may have been cast to the same type/kind as dtype2.
+            # If the resulting dtype is identical we currently pick the cast
+            # version of dtype1, which lost the metadata:
+            if np.promote_types(dtype1, dtype2.kind) == dtype2:
+                res.metadata is None
+            else:
+                res.metadata == metadata2
+        else:
+            assert res.metadata is None
+
+        # Try again for byteswapped version
+        dtype1 = dtype1.newbyteorder()
+        assert dtype1.metadata == metadata1
+        res_bs = np.promote_types(dtype1, dtype2)
+        assert res_bs == res
+        assert res_bs.metadata == res.metadata
+
+    def test_can_cast(self):
+        assert_(np.can_cast(np.int32, np.int64))
+        assert_(np.can_cast(np.float64, complex))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast(complex, float))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i8', 'f8'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i8', 'f4'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i4', 'S11'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i8', 'i8', 'no'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i8', 'no'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i8', 'equiv'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i8', 'equiv'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i8', 'safe'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i4', 'safe'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i4', 'same_kind'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('u4', 'same_kind'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('u4', 'unsafe'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('bool', 'S5'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('bool', 'S4'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('b', 'S4'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('b', 'S3'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('u1', 'S3'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('u1', 'S2'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('u2', 'S5'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('u2', 'S4'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('u4', 'S10'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('u4', 'S9'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('u8', 'S20'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('u8', 'S19'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i1', 'S4'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i1', 'S3'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i2', 'S6'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i2', 'S5'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i4', 'S11'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i4', 'S10'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i8', 'S21'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i8', 'S20'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('bool', 'S5'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('bool', 'S4'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('b', 'U4'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('b', 'U3'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('u1', 'U3'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('u1', 'U2'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('u2', 'U5'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('u2', 'U4'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('u4', 'U10'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('u4', 'U9'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('u8', 'U20'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('u8', 'U19'))
+
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i1', 'U4'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i1', 'U3'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i2', 'U6'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i2', 'U5'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i4', 'U11'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i4', 'U10'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i8', 'U21'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i8', 'U20'))
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.can_cast, 'i4', None)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.can_cast, None, 'i4')
+
+        # Also test keyword arguments
+        assert_(np.can_cast(from_=np.int32, to=np.int64))
+
+    def test_can_cast_simple_to_structured(self):
+        # Non-structured can only be cast to structured in 'unsafe' mode.
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i4', 'i4,i4'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i4', 'i4,i2'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i4', 'i4,i4', casting='unsafe'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i4', 'i4,i2', casting='unsafe'))
+        # Even if there is just a single field which is OK.
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i2', [('f1', 'i4')]))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i2', [('f1', 'i4')], casting='same_kind'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i2', [('f1', 'i4')], casting='unsafe'))
+        # It should be the same for recursive structured or subarrays.
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i2', [('f1', 'i4,i4')]))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i2', [('f1', 'i4,i4')], casting='unsafe'))
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i2', [('f1', '(2,3)i4')]))
+        assert_(np.can_cast('i2', [('f1', '(2,3)i4')], casting='unsafe'))
+
+    def test_can_cast_structured_to_simple(self):
+        # Need unsafe casting for structured to simple.
+        assert_(not np.can_cast([('f1', 'i4')], 'i4'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast([('f1', 'i4')], 'i4', casting='unsafe'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast([('f1', 'i4')], 'i2', casting='unsafe'))
+        # Since it is unclear what is being cast, multiple fields to
+        # single should not work even for unsafe casting.
+        assert_(not np.can_cast('i4,i4', 'i4', casting='unsafe'))
+        # But a single field inside a single field is OK.
+        assert_(not np.can_cast([('f1', [('x', 'i4')])], 'i4'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast([('f1', [('x', 'i4')])], 'i4', casting='unsafe'))
+        # And a subarray is fine too - it will just take the first element
+        # (arguably not very consistently; might also take the first field).
+        assert_(not np.can_cast([('f0', '(3,)i4')], 'i4'))
+        assert_(np.can_cast([('f0', '(3,)i4')], 'i4', casting='unsafe'))
+        # But a structured subarray with multiple fields should fail.
+        assert_(not np.can_cast([('f0', ('i4,i4'), (2,))], 'i4',
+                                casting='unsafe'))
+
+    def test_can_cast_values(self):
+        # gh-5917
+        for dt in np.sctypes['int'] + np.sctypes['uint']:
+            ii = np.iinfo(dt)
+            assert_(np.can_cast(ii.min, dt))
+            assert_(np.can_cast(ii.max, dt))
+            assert_(not np.can_cast(ii.min - 1, dt))
+            assert_(not np.can_cast(ii.max + 1, dt))
+
+        for dt in np.sctypes['float']:
+            fi = np.finfo(dt)
+            assert_(np.can_cast(fi.min, dt))
+            assert_(np.can_cast(fi.max, dt))
+
+
+# Custom exception class to test exception propagation in fromiter
+class NIterError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class TestFromiter:
+    def makegen(self):
+        return (x**2 for x in range(24))
+
+    def test_types(self):
+        ai32 = np.fromiter(self.makegen(), np.int32)
+        ai64 = np.fromiter(self.makegen(), np.int64)
+        af = np.fromiter(self.makegen(), float)
+        assert_(ai32.dtype == np.dtype(np.int32))
+        assert_(ai64.dtype == np.dtype(np.int64))
+        assert_(af.dtype == np.dtype(float))
+
+    def test_lengths(self):
+        expected = np.array(list(self.makegen()))
+        a = np.fromiter(self.makegen(), int)
+        a20 = np.fromiter(self.makegen(), int, 20)
+        assert_(len(a) == len(expected))
+        assert_(len(a20) == 20)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.fromiter,
+                          self.makegen(), int, len(expected) + 10)
+
+    def test_values(self):
+        expected = np.array(list(self.makegen()))
+        a = np.fromiter(self.makegen(), int)
+        a20 = np.fromiter(self.makegen(), int, 20)
+        assert_(np.all(a == expected, axis=0))
+        assert_(np.all(a20 == expected[:20], axis=0))
+
+    def load_data(self, n, eindex):
+        # Utility method for the issue 2592 tests.
+        # Raise an exception at the desired index in the iterator.
+        for e in range(n):
+            if e == eindex:
+                raise NIterError('error at index %s' % eindex)
+            yield e
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [int, object])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["count", "error_index"], [(10, 5), (10, 9)])
+    def test_2592(self, count, error_index, dtype):
+        # Test iteration exceptions are correctly raised. The data/generator
+        # has `count` elements but errors at `error_index`
+        iterable = self.load_data(count, error_index)
+        with pytest.raises(NIterError):
+            np.fromiter(iterable, dtype=dtype, count=count)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ["S", "S0", "V0", "U0"])
+    def test_empty_not_structured(self, dtype):
+        # Note, "S0" could be allowed at some point, so long "S" (without
+        # any length) is rejected.
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Must specify length"):
+            np.fromiter([], dtype=dtype)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["dtype", "data"],
+            [("d", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]),
+             ("O", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]),
+             ("i,O", [(1, 2), (5, 4), (2, 3), (9, 8), (6, 7)]),
+             # subarray dtypes (important because their dimensions end up
+             # in the result arrays dimension:
+             ("2i", [(1, 2), (5, 4), (2, 3), (9, 8), (6, 7)]),
+             (np.dtype(("O", (2, 3))),
+              [((1, 2, 3), (3, 4, 5)), ((3, 2, 1), (5, 4, 3))])])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("length_hint", [0, 1])
+    def test_growth_and_complicated_dtypes(self, dtype, data, length_hint):
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+
+        data = data * 100  # make sure we realloc a bit
+
+        class MyIter:
+            # Class/example from gh-15789
+            def __length_hint__(self):
+                # only required to be an estimate, this is legal
+                return length_hint  # 0 or 1
+
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return iter(data)
+
+        res = np.fromiter(MyIter(), dtype=dtype)
+        expected = np.array(data, dtype=dtype)
+
+        assert_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+    def test_empty_result(self):
+        class MyIter:
+            def __length_hint__(self):
+                return 10
+
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return iter([])  # actual iterator is empty.
+
+        res = np.fromiter(MyIter(), dtype="d")
+        assert res.shape == (0,)
+        assert res.dtype == "d"
+
+    def test_too_few_items(self):
+        msg = "iterator too short: Expected 10 but iterator had only 3 items."
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            np.fromiter([1, 2, 3], count=10, dtype=int)
+
+    def test_failed_itemsetting(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.fromiter([1, None, 3], dtype=int)
+
+        # The following manages to hit somewhat trickier code paths:
+        iterable = ((2, 3, 4) for i in range(5))
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.fromiter(iterable, dtype=np.dtype((int, 2)))
+
+class TestNonzero:
+    def test_nonzero_trivial(self):
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(np.array([])), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(np.array([], dtype='?')), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(np.array([])), ([],))
+
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(np.array([0])), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(np.array([0], dtype='?')), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(np.array([0])), ([],))
+
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(np.array([1])), 1)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(np.array([1], dtype='?')), 1)
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(np.array([1])), ([0],))
+
+    def test_nonzero_zerod(self):
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(np.array(0)), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(np.array(0, dtype='?')), 0)
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.nonzero(np.array(0)), ([],))
+
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(np.array(1)), 1)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(np.array(1, dtype='?')), 1)
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.nonzero(np.array(1)), ([0],))
+
+    def test_nonzero_onedim(self):
+        x = np.array([1, 0, 2, -1, 0, 0, 8])
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x), 4)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x), 4)
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(x), ([0, 2, 3, 6],))
+
+        # x = np.array([(1, 2), (0, 0), (1, 1), (-1, 3), (0, 7)],
+        #              dtype=[('a', 'i4'), ('b', 'i2')])
+        x = np.array([(1, 2, -5, -3), (0, 0, 2, 7), (1, 1, 0, 1), (-1, 3, 1, 0), (0, 7, 0, 4)],
+                     dtype=[('a', 'i4'), ('b', 'i2'), ('c', 'i1'), ('d', 'i8')])
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x['a']), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x['b']), 4)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x['c']), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x['d']), 4)
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(x['a']), ([0, 2, 3],))
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(x['b']), ([0, 2, 3, 4],))
+
+    def test_nonzero_twodim(self):
+        x = np.array([[0, 1, 0], [2, 0, 3]])
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x.astype('i1')), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x.astype('i2')), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x.astype('i4')), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x.astype('i8')), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(x), ([0, 1, 1], [1, 0, 2]))
+
+        x = np.eye(3)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x.astype('i1')), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x.astype('i2')), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x.astype('i4')), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x.astype('i8')), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(x), ([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2]))
+
+        x = np.array([[(0, 1), (0, 0), (1, 11)],
+                   [(1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 0)],
+                   [(0, 0), (1, 5), (0, 1)]], dtype=[('a', 'f4'), ('b', 'u1')])
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x['a']), 4)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x['b']), 5)
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(x['a']), ([0, 1, 1, 2], [2, 0, 1, 1]))
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(x['b']), ([0, 0, 1, 2, 2], [0, 2, 0, 1, 2]))
+
+        assert_(not x['a'].T.flags.aligned)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x['a'].T), 4)
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(x['b'].T), 5)
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(x['a'].T), ([0, 1, 1, 2], [1, 1, 2, 0]))
+        assert_equal(np.nonzero(x['b'].T), ([0, 0, 1, 2, 2], [0, 1, 2, 0, 2]))
+
+    def test_sparse(self):
+        # test special sparse condition boolean code path
+        for i in range(20):
+            c = np.zeros(200, dtype=bool)
+            c[i::20] = True
+            assert_equal(np.nonzero(c)[0], np.arange(i, 200 + i, 20))
+
+            c = np.zeros(400, dtype=bool)
+            c[10 + i:20 + i] = True
+            c[20 + i*2] = True
+            assert_equal(np.nonzero(c)[0],
+                         np.concatenate((np.arange(10 + i, 20 + i), [20 + i*2])))
+
+    def test_return_type(self):
+        class C(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        for view in (C, np.ndarray):
+            for nd in range(1, 4):
+                shape = tuple(range(2, 2+nd))
+                x = np.arange(np.prod(shape)).reshape(shape).view(view)
+                for nzx in (np.nonzero(x), x.nonzero()):
+                    for nzx_i in nzx:
+                        assert_(type(nzx_i) is np.ndarray)
+                        assert_(nzx_i.flags.writeable)
+
+    def test_count_nonzero_axis(self):
+        # Basic check of functionality
+        m = np.array([[0, 1, 7, 0, 0], [3, 0, 0, 2, 19]])
+
+        expected = np.array([1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(m, axis=0), expected)
+
+        expected = np.array([2, 3])
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(m, axis=1), expected)
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.count_nonzero, m, axis=(1, 1))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.count_nonzero, m, axis='foo')
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, np.count_nonzero, m, axis=3)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.count_nonzero,
+                      m, axis=np.array([[1], [2]]))
+
+    def test_count_nonzero_axis_all_dtypes(self):
+        # More thorough test that the axis argument is respected
+        # for all dtypes and responds correctly when presented with
+        # either integer or tuple arguments for axis
+        msg = "Mismatch for dtype: %s"
+
+        def assert_equal_w_dt(a, b, err_msg):
+            assert_equal(a.dtype, b.dtype, err_msg=err_msg)
+            assert_equal(a, b, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+        for dt in np.typecodes['All']:
+            err_msg = msg % (np.dtype(dt).name,)
+
+            if dt != 'V':
+                if dt != 'M':
+                    m = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=dt)
+                    n = np.ones(1, dtype=dt)
+
+                    m[0, 0] = n[0]
+                    m[1, 0] = n[0]
+
+                else:  # np.zeros doesn't work for np.datetime64
+                    m = np.array(['1970-01-01'] * 9)
+                    m = m.reshape((3, 3))
+
+                    m[0, 0] = '1970-01-12'
+                    m[1, 0] = '1970-01-12'
+                    m = m.astype(dt)
+
+                expected = np.array([2, 0, 0], dtype=np.intp)
+                assert_equal_w_dt(np.count_nonzero(m, axis=0),
+                                  expected, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+                expected = np.array([1, 1, 0], dtype=np.intp)
+                assert_equal_w_dt(np.count_nonzero(m, axis=1),
+                                  expected, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+                expected = np.array(2)
+                assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(m, axis=(0, 1)),
+                             expected, err_msg=err_msg)
+                assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(m, axis=None),
+                             expected, err_msg=err_msg)
+                assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(m),
+                             expected, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+            if dt == 'V':
+                # There are no 'nonzero' objects for np.void, so the testing
+                # setup is slightly different for this dtype
+                m = np.array([np.void(1)] * 6).reshape((2, 3))
+
+                expected = np.array([0, 0, 0], dtype=np.intp)
+                assert_equal_w_dt(np.count_nonzero(m, axis=0),
+                                  expected, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+                expected = np.array([0, 0], dtype=np.intp)
+                assert_equal_w_dt(np.count_nonzero(m, axis=1),
+                                  expected, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+                expected = np.array(0)
+                assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(m, axis=(0, 1)),
+                             expected, err_msg=err_msg)
+                assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(m, axis=None),
+                             expected, err_msg=err_msg)
+                assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(m),
+                             expected, err_msg=err_msg)
+
+    def test_count_nonzero_axis_consistent(self):
+        # Check that the axis behaviour for valid axes in
+        # non-special cases is consistent (and therefore
+        # correct) by checking it against an integer array
+        # that is then casted to the generic object dtype
+        from itertools import combinations, permutations
+
+        axis = (0, 1, 2, 3)
+        size = (5, 5, 5, 5)
+        msg = "Mismatch for axis: %s"
+
+        rng = np.random.RandomState(1234)
+        m = rng.randint(-100, 100, size=size)
+        n = m.astype(object)
+
+        for length in range(len(axis)):
+            for combo in combinations(axis, length):
+                for perm in permutations(combo):
+                    assert_equal(
+                        np.count_nonzero(m, axis=perm),
+                        np.count_nonzero(n, axis=perm),
+                        err_msg=msg % (perm,))
+
+    def test_countnonzero_axis_empty(self):
+        a = np.array([[0, 0, 1], [1, 0, 1]])
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(a, axis=()), a.astype(bool))
+
+    def test_countnonzero_keepdims(self):
+        a = np.array([[0, 0, 1, 0],
+                      [0, 3, 5, 0],
+                      [7, 9, 2, 0]])
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(a, axis=0, keepdims=True),
+                     [[1, 2, 3, 0]])
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(a, axis=1, keepdims=True),
+                     [[1], [2], [3]])
+        assert_equal(np.count_nonzero(a, keepdims=True),
+                     [[6]])
+
+    def test_array_method(self):
+        # Tests that the array method
+        # call to nonzero works
+        m = np.array([[1, 0, 0], [4, 0, 6]])
+        tgt = [[0, 1, 1], [0, 0, 2]]
+
+        assert_equal(m.nonzero(), tgt)
+
+    def test_nonzero_invalid_object(self):
+        # gh-9295
+        a = np.array([np.array([1, 2]), 3], dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.nonzero, a)
+
+        class BoolErrors:
+            def __bool__(self):
+                raise ValueError("Not allowed")
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.nonzero, np.array([BoolErrors()]))
+
+    def test_nonzero_sideeffect_safety(self):
+        # gh-13631
+        class FalseThenTrue:
+            _val = False
+            def __bool__(self):
+                try:
+                    return self._val
+                finally:
+                    self._val = True
+
+        class TrueThenFalse:
+            _val = True
+            def __bool__(self):
+                try:
+                    return self._val
+                finally:
+                    self._val = False
+
+        # result grows on the second pass
+        a = np.array([True, FalseThenTrue()])
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, np.nonzero, a)
+
+        a = np.array([[True], [FalseThenTrue()]])
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, np.nonzero, a)
+
+        # result shrinks on the second pass
+        a = np.array([False, TrueThenFalse()])
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, np.nonzero, a)
+
+        a = np.array([[False], [TrueThenFalse()]])
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, np.nonzero, a)
+
+    def test_nonzero_sideffects_structured_void(self):
+        # Checks that structured void does not mutate alignment flag of
+        # original array.
+        arr = np.zeros(5, dtype="i1,i8,i8")  # `ones` may short-circuit
+        assert arr.flags.aligned  # structs are considered "aligned"
+        assert not arr["f2"].flags.aligned
+        # make sure that nonzero/count_nonzero do not flip the flag:
+        np.nonzero(arr)
+        assert arr.flags.aligned
+        np.count_nonzero(arr)
+        assert arr.flags.aligned
+
+    def test_nonzero_exception_safe(self):
+        # gh-13930
+
+        class ThrowsAfter:
+            def __init__(self, iters):
+                self.iters_left = iters
+
+            def __bool__(self):
+                if self.iters_left == 0:
+                    raise ValueError("called `iters` times")
+
+                self.iters_left -= 1
+                return True
+
+        """
+        Test that a ValueError is raised instead of a SystemError
+
+        If the __bool__ function is called after the error state is set,
+        Python (cpython) will raise a SystemError.
+        """
+
+        # assert that an exception in first pass is handled correctly
+        a = np.array([ThrowsAfter(5)]*10)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.nonzero, a)
+
+        # raise exception in second pass for 1-dimensional loop
+        a = np.array([ThrowsAfter(15)]*10)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.nonzero, a)
+
+        # raise exception in second pass for n-dimensional loop
+        a = np.array([[ThrowsAfter(15)]]*10)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.nonzero, a)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="wasm doesn't have threads")
+    def test_structured_threadsafety(self):
+        # Nonzero (and some other functions) should be threadsafe for
+        # structured datatypes, see gh-15387. This test can behave randomly.
+        from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+
+        # Create a deeply nested dtype to make a failure more likely:
+        dt = np.dtype([("", "f8")])
+        dt = np.dtype([("", dt)])
+        dt = np.dtype([("", dt)] * 2)
+        # The array should be large enough to likely run into threading issues
+        arr = np.random.uniform(size=(5000, 4)).view(dt)[:, 0]
+        def func(arr):
+            arr.nonzero()
+
+        tpe = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=8)
+        futures = [tpe.submit(func, arr) for _ in range(10)]
+        for f in futures:
+            f.result()
+
+        assert arr.dtype is dt
+
+
+class TestIndex:
+    def test_boolean(self):
+        a = rand(3, 5, 8)
+        V = rand(5, 8)
+        g1 = randint(0, 5, size=15)
+        g2 = randint(0, 8, size=15)
+        V[g1, g2] = -V[g1, g2]
+        assert_((np.array([a[0][V > 0], a[1][V > 0], a[2][V > 0]]) == a[:, V > 0]).all())
+
+    def test_boolean_edgecase(self):
+        a = np.array([], dtype='int32')
+        b = np.array([], dtype='bool')
+        c = a[b]
+        assert_equal(c, [])
+        assert_equal(c.dtype, np.dtype('int32'))
+
+
+class TestBinaryRepr:
+    def test_zero(self):
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(0), '0')
+
+    def test_positive(self):
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(10), '1010')
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(12522),
+                     '11000011101010')
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(10736848),
+                     '101000111101010011010000')
+
+    def test_negative(self):
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(-1), '-1')
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(-10), '-1010')
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(-12522),
+                     '-11000011101010')
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(-10736848),
+                     '-101000111101010011010000')
+
+    def test_sufficient_width(self):
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(0, width=5), '00000')
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(10, width=7), '0001010')
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(-5, width=7), '1111011')
+
+    def test_neg_width_boundaries(self):
+        # see gh-8670
+
+        # Ensure that the example in the issue does not
+        # break before proceeding to a more thorough test.
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(-128, width=8), '10000000')
+
+        for width in range(1, 11):
+            num = -2**(width - 1)
+            exp = '1' + (width - 1) * '0'
+            assert_equal(np.binary_repr(num, width=width), exp)
+
+    def test_large_neg_int64(self):
+        # See gh-14289.
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(np.int64(-2**62), width=64),
+                     '11' + '0'*62)
+
+
+class TestBaseRepr:
+    def test_base3(self):
+        assert_equal(np.base_repr(3**5, 3), '100000')
+
+    def test_positive(self):
+        assert_equal(np.base_repr(12, 10), '12')
+        assert_equal(np.base_repr(12, 10, 4), '000012')
+        assert_equal(np.base_repr(12, 4), '30')
+        assert_equal(np.base_repr(3731624803700888, 36), '10QR0ROFCEW')
+
+    def test_negative(self):
+        assert_equal(np.base_repr(-12, 10), '-12')
+        assert_equal(np.base_repr(-12, 10, 4), '-000012')
+        assert_equal(np.base_repr(-12, 4), '-30')
+
+    def test_base_range(self):
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            np.base_repr(1, 1)
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            np.base_repr(1, 37)
+
+
+class TestArrayComparisons:
+    def test_array_equal(self):
+        res = np.array_equal(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([1, 2]))
+        assert_(res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equal(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([1, 2, 3]))
+        assert_(not res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equal(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([3, 4]))
+        assert_(not res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equal(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([1, 3]))
+        assert_(not res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equal(np.array(['a'], dtype='S1'), np.array(['a'], dtype='S1'))
+        assert_(res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equal(np.array([('a', 1)], dtype='S1,u4'),
+                             np.array([('a', 1)], dtype='S1,u4'))
+        assert_(res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+
+    def test_array_equal_equal_nan(self):
+        # Test array_equal with equal_nan kwarg
+        a1 = np.array([1, 2, np.nan])
+        a2 = np.array([1, np.nan, 2])
+        a3 = np.array([1, 2, np.inf])
+
+        # equal_nan=False by default
+        assert_(not np.array_equal(a1, a1))
+        assert_(np.array_equal(a1, a1, equal_nan=True))
+        assert_(not np.array_equal(a1, a2, equal_nan=True))
+        # nan's not conflated with inf's
+        assert_(not np.array_equal(a1, a3, equal_nan=True))
+        # 0-D arrays
+        a = np.array(np.nan)
+        assert_(not np.array_equal(a, a))
+        assert_(np.array_equal(a, a, equal_nan=True))
+        # Non-float dtype - equal_nan should have no effect
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=int)
+        assert_(np.array_equal(a, a))
+        assert_(np.array_equal(a, a, equal_nan=True))
+        # Multi-dimensional array
+        a = np.array([[0, 1], [np.nan, 1]])
+        assert_(not np.array_equal(a, a))
+        assert_(np.array_equal(a, a, equal_nan=True))
+        # Complex values
+        a, b = [np.array([1 + 1j])]*2
+        a.real, b.imag = np.nan, np.nan
+        assert_(not np.array_equal(a, b, equal_nan=False))
+        assert_(np.array_equal(a, b, equal_nan=True))
+
+    def test_none_compares_elementwise(self):
+        a = np.array([None, 1, None], dtype=object)
+        assert_equal(a == None, [True, False, True])
+        assert_equal(a != None, [False, True, False])
+
+        a = np.ones(3)
+        assert_equal(a == None, [False, False, False])
+        assert_equal(a != None, [True, True, True])
+
+    def test_array_equiv(self):
+        res = np.array_equiv(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([1, 2]))
+        assert_(res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equiv(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([1, 2, 3]))
+        assert_(not res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equiv(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([3, 4]))
+        assert_(not res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equiv(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([1, 3]))
+        assert_(not res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+
+        res = np.array_equiv(np.array([1, 1]), np.array([1]))
+        assert_(res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equiv(np.array([1, 1]), np.array([[1], [1]]))
+        assert_(res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equiv(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([2]))
+        assert_(not res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equiv(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([[1], [2]]))
+        assert_(not res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+        res = np.array_equiv(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]))
+        assert_(not res)
+        assert_(type(res) is bool)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ["V0", "V3", "V10"])
+    def test_compare_unstructured_voids(self, dtype):
+        zeros = np.zeros(3, dtype=dtype)
+
+        assert_array_equal(zeros, zeros)
+        assert not (zeros != zeros).any()
+
+        if dtype == "V0":
+            # Can't test != of actually different data
+            return
+
+        nonzeros = np.array([b"1", b"2", b"3"], dtype=dtype)
+
+        assert not (zeros == nonzeros).any()
+        assert (zeros != nonzeros).all()
+
+
+def assert_array_strict_equal(x, y):
+    assert_array_equal(x, y)
+    # Check flags, 32 bit arches typically don't provide 16 byte alignment
+    if ((x.dtype.alignment <= 8 or
+            np.intp().dtype.itemsize != 4) and
+            sys.platform != 'win32'):
+        assert_(x.flags == y.flags)
+    else:
+        assert_(x.flags.owndata == y.flags.owndata)
+        assert_(x.flags.writeable == y.flags.writeable)
+        assert_(x.flags.c_contiguous == y.flags.c_contiguous)
+        assert_(x.flags.f_contiguous == y.flags.f_contiguous)
+        assert_(x.flags.writebackifcopy == y.flags.writebackifcopy)
+    # check endianness
+    assert_(x.dtype.isnative == y.dtype.isnative)
+
+
+class TestClip:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.nr = 5
+        self.nc = 3
+
+    def fastclip(self, a, m, M, out=None, **kwargs):
+        return a.clip(m, M, out=out, **kwargs)
+
+    def clip(self, a, m, M, out=None):
+        # use a.choose to verify fastclip result
+        selector = np.less(a, m) + 2*np.greater(a, M)
+        return selector.choose((a, m, M), out=out)
+
+    # Handy functions
+    def _generate_data(self, n, m):
+        return randn(n, m)
+
+    def _generate_data_complex(self, n, m):
+        return randn(n, m) + 1.j * rand(n, m)
+
+    def _generate_flt_data(self, n, m):
+        return (randn(n, m)).astype(np.float32)
+
+    def _neg_byteorder(self, a):
+        a = np.asarray(a)
+        if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+            a = a.astype(a.dtype.newbyteorder('>'))
+        else:
+            a = a.astype(a.dtype.newbyteorder('<'))
+        return a
+
+    def _generate_non_native_data(self, n, m):
+        data = randn(n, m)
+        data = self._neg_byteorder(data)
+        assert_(not data.dtype.isnative)
+        return data
+
+    def _generate_int_data(self, n, m):
+        return (10 * rand(n, m)).astype(np.int64)
+
+    def _generate_int32_data(self, n, m):
+        return (10 * rand(n, m)).astype(np.int32)
+
+    # Now the real test cases
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", '?bhilqpBHILQPefdgFDGO')
+    def test_ones_pathological(self, dtype):
+        # for preservation of behavior described in
+        # gh-12519; amin > amax behavior may still change
+        # in the future
+        arr = np.ones(10, dtype=dtype)
+        expected = np.zeros(10, dtype=dtype)
+        actual = np.clip(arr, 1, 0)
+        if dtype == 'O':
+            assert actual.tolist() == expected.tolist()
+        else:
+            assert_equal(actual, expected)
+
+    def test_simple_double(self):
+        # Test native double input with scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = 0.1
+        M = 0.6
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m, M)
+        act = self.clip(a, m, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_simple_int(self):
+        # Test native int input with scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_int_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        a = a.astype(int)
+        m = -2
+        M = 4
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m, M)
+        act = self.clip(a, m, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_array_double(self):
+        # Test native double input with array min/max.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = np.zeros(a.shape)
+        M = m + 0.5
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m, M)
+        act = self.clip(a, m, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_simple_nonnative(self):
+        # Test non native double input with scalar min/max.
+        # Test native double input with non native double scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_non_native_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 0.6
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m, M)
+        act = self.clip(a, m, M)
+        assert_array_equal(ac, act)
+
+        # Test native double input with non native double scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -0.5
+        M = self._neg_byteorder(0.6)
+        assert_(not M.dtype.isnative)
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m, M)
+        act = self.clip(a, m, M)
+        assert_array_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_simple_complex(self):
+        # Test native complex input with native double scalar min/max.
+        # Test native input with complex double scalar min/max.
+        a = 3 * self._generate_data_complex(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 1.
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m, M)
+        act = self.clip(a, m, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+        # Test native input with complex double scalar min/max.
+        a = 3 * self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -0.5 + 1.j
+        M = 1. + 2.j
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m, M)
+        act = self.clip(a, m, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_clip_complex(self):
+        # Address Issue gh-5354 for clipping complex arrays
+        # Test native complex input without explicit min/max
+        # ie, either min=None or max=None
+        a = np.ones(10, dtype=complex)
+        m = a.min()
+        M = a.max()
+        am = self.fastclip(a, m, None)
+        aM = self.fastclip(a, None, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(am, a)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(aM, a)
+
+    def test_clip_non_contig(self):
+        # Test clip for non contiguous native input and native scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr * 2, self.nc * 3)
+        a = a[::2, ::3]
+        assert_(not a.flags['F_CONTIGUOUS'])
+        assert_(not a.flags['C_CONTIGUOUS'])
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, -1.6, 1.7)
+        act = self.clip(a, -1.6, 1.7)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_simple_out(self):
+        # Test native double input with scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 0.6
+        ac = np.zeros(a.shape)
+        act = np.zeros(a.shape)
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, ac)
+        self.clip(a, m, M, act)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("casting", [None, "unsafe"])
+    def test_simple_int32_inout(self, casting):
+        # Test native int32 input with double min/max and int32 out.
+        a = self._generate_int32_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = np.float64(0)
+        M = np.float64(2)
+        ac = np.zeros(a.shape, dtype=np.int32)
+        act = ac.copy()
+        if casting is None:
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+                self.fastclip(a, m, M, ac, casting=casting)
+        else:
+            # explicitly passing "unsafe" will silence warning
+            self.fastclip(a, m, M, ac, casting=casting)
+            self.clip(a, m, M, act)
+            assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_simple_int64_out(self):
+        # Test native int32 input with int32 scalar min/max and int64 out.
+        a = self._generate_int32_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = np.int32(-1)
+        M = np.int32(1)
+        ac = np.zeros(a.shape, dtype=np.int64)
+        act = ac.copy()
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, ac)
+        self.clip(a, m, M, act)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_simple_int64_inout(self):
+        # Test native int32 input with double array min/max and int32 out.
+        a = self._generate_int32_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = np.zeros(a.shape, np.float64)
+        M = np.float64(1)
+        ac = np.zeros(a.shape, dtype=np.int32)
+        act = ac.copy()
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, out=ac, casting="unsafe")
+        self.clip(a, m, M, act)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_simple_int32_out(self):
+        # Test native double input with scalar min/max and int out.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -1.0
+        M = 2.0
+        ac = np.zeros(a.shape, dtype=np.int32)
+        act = ac.copy()
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, out=ac, casting="unsafe")
+        self.clip(a, m, M, act)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_simple_inplace_01(self):
+        # Test native double input with array min/max in-place.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        ac = a.copy()
+        m = np.zeros(a.shape)
+        M = 1.0
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, a)
+        self.clip(a, m, M, ac)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(a, ac)
+
+    def test_simple_inplace_02(self):
+        # Test native double input with scalar min/max in-place.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        ac = a.copy()
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 0.6
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, a)
+        self.clip(ac, m, M, ac)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(a, ac)
+
+    def test_noncontig_inplace(self):
+        # Test non contiguous double input with double scalar min/max in-place.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr * 2, self.nc * 3)
+        a = a[::2, ::3]
+        assert_(not a.flags['F_CONTIGUOUS'])
+        assert_(not a.flags['C_CONTIGUOUS'])
+        ac = a.copy()
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 0.6
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, a)
+        self.clip(ac, m, M, ac)
+        assert_array_equal(a, ac)
+
+    def test_type_cast_01(self):
+        # Test native double input with scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 0.6
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m, M)
+        act = self.clip(a, m, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_type_cast_02(self):
+        # Test native int32 input with int32 scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_int_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        a = a.astype(np.int32)
+        m = -2
+        M = 4
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m, M)
+        act = self.clip(a, m, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_type_cast_03(self):
+        # Test native int32 input with float64 scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_int32_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -2
+        M = 4
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, np.float64(m), np.float64(M))
+        act = self.clip(a, np.float64(m), np.float64(M))
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_type_cast_04(self):
+        # Test native int32 input with float32 scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_int32_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = np.float32(-2)
+        M = np.float32(4)
+        act = self.fastclip(a, m, M)
+        ac = self.clip(a, m, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_type_cast_05(self):
+        # Test native int32 with double arrays min/max.
+        a = self._generate_int_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 1.
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m * np.zeros(a.shape), M)
+        act = self.clip(a, m * np.zeros(a.shape), M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_type_cast_06(self):
+        # Test native with NON native scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = 0.5
+        m_s = self._neg_byteorder(m)
+        M = 1.
+        act = self.clip(a, m_s, M)
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m_s, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_type_cast_07(self):
+        # Test NON native with native array min/max.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -0.5 * np.ones(a.shape)
+        M = 1.
+        a_s = self._neg_byteorder(a)
+        assert_(not a_s.dtype.isnative)
+        act = a_s.clip(m, M)
+        ac = self.fastclip(a_s, m, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_type_cast_08(self):
+        # Test NON native with native scalar min/max.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 1.
+        a_s = self._neg_byteorder(a)
+        assert_(not a_s.dtype.isnative)
+        ac = self.fastclip(a_s, m, M)
+        act = a_s.clip(m, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_type_cast_09(self):
+        # Test native with NON native array min/max.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -0.5 * np.ones(a.shape)
+        M = 1.
+        m_s = self._neg_byteorder(m)
+        assert_(not m_s.dtype.isnative)
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m_s, M)
+        act = self.clip(a, m_s, M)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_type_cast_10(self):
+        # Test native int32 with float min/max and float out for output argument.
+        a = self._generate_int_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        b = np.zeros(a.shape, dtype=np.float32)
+        m = np.float32(-0.5)
+        M = np.float32(1)
+        act = self.clip(a, m, M, out=b)
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m, M, out=b)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_type_cast_11(self):
+        # Test non native with native scalar, min/max, out non native
+        a = self._generate_non_native_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        b = a.copy()
+        b = b.astype(b.dtype.newbyteorder('>'))
+        bt = b.copy()
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 1.
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, out=b)
+        self.clip(a, m, M, out=bt)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(b, bt)
+
+    def test_type_cast_12(self):
+        # Test native int32 input and min/max and float out
+        a = self._generate_int_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        b = np.zeros(a.shape, dtype=np.float32)
+        m = np.int32(0)
+        M = np.int32(1)
+        act = self.clip(a, m, M, out=b)
+        ac = self.fastclip(a, m, M, out=b)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_clip_with_out_simple(self):
+        # Test native double input with scalar min/max
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 0.6
+        ac = np.zeros(a.shape)
+        act = np.zeros(a.shape)
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, ac)
+        self.clip(a, m, M, act)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_clip_with_out_simple2(self):
+        # Test native int32 input with double min/max and int32 out
+        a = self._generate_int32_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = np.float64(0)
+        M = np.float64(2)
+        ac = np.zeros(a.shape, dtype=np.int32)
+        act = ac.copy()
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, out=ac, casting="unsafe")
+        self.clip(a, m, M, act)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_clip_with_out_simple_int32(self):
+        # Test native int32 input with int32 scalar min/max and int64 out
+        a = self._generate_int32_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = np.int32(-1)
+        M = np.int32(1)
+        ac = np.zeros(a.shape, dtype=np.int64)
+        act = ac.copy()
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, ac)
+        self.clip(a, m, M, act)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_clip_with_out_array_int32(self):
+        # Test native int32 input with double array min/max and int32 out
+        a = self._generate_int32_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = np.zeros(a.shape, np.float64)
+        M = np.float64(1)
+        ac = np.zeros(a.shape, dtype=np.int32)
+        act = ac.copy()
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, out=ac, casting="unsafe")
+        self.clip(a, m, M, act)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_clip_with_out_array_outint32(self):
+        # Test native double input with scalar min/max and int out
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        m = -1.0
+        M = 2.0
+        ac = np.zeros(a.shape, dtype=np.int32)
+        act = ac.copy()
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, out=ac, casting="unsafe")
+        self.clip(a, m, M, act)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(ac, act)
+
+    def test_clip_with_out_transposed(self):
+        # Test that the out argument works when transposed
+        a = np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
+        out = np.empty_like(a).T
+        a.clip(4, 10, out=out)
+        expected = self.clip(a, 4, 10)
+        assert_array_equal(out, expected)
+
+    def test_clip_with_out_memory_overlap(self):
+        # Test that the out argument works when it has memory overlap
+        a = np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
+        ac = a.copy()
+        a[:-1].clip(4, 10, out=a[1:])
+        expected = self.clip(ac[:-1], 4, 10)
+        assert_array_equal(a[1:], expected)
+
+    def test_clip_inplace_array(self):
+        # Test native double input with array min/max
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        ac = a.copy()
+        m = np.zeros(a.shape)
+        M = 1.0
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, a)
+        self.clip(a, m, M, ac)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(a, ac)
+
+    def test_clip_inplace_simple(self):
+        # Test native double input with scalar min/max
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        ac = a.copy()
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 0.6
+        self.fastclip(a, m, M, a)
+        self.clip(a, m, M, ac)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(a, ac)
+
+    def test_clip_func_takes_out(self):
+        # Ensure that the clip() function takes an out=argument.
+        a = self._generate_data(self.nr, self.nc)
+        ac = a.copy()
+        m = -0.5
+        M = 0.6
+        a2 = np.clip(a, m, M, out=a)
+        self.clip(a, m, M, ac)
+        assert_array_strict_equal(a2, ac)
+        assert_(a2 is a)
+
+    def test_clip_nan(self):
+        d = np.arange(7.)
+        assert_equal(d.clip(min=np.nan), np.nan)
+        assert_equal(d.clip(max=np.nan), np.nan)
+        assert_equal(d.clip(min=np.nan, max=np.nan), np.nan)
+        assert_equal(d.clip(min=-2, max=np.nan), np.nan)
+        assert_equal(d.clip(min=np.nan, max=10), np.nan)
+
+    def test_object_clip(self):
+        a = np.arange(10, dtype=object)
+        actual = np.clip(a, 1, 5)
+        expected = np.array([1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5])
+        assert actual.tolist() == expected.tolist()
+
+    def test_clip_all_none(self):
+        a = np.arange(10, dtype=object)
+        with assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'max or min'):
+            np.clip(a, None, None)
+
+    def test_clip_invalid_casting(self):
+        a = np.arange(10, dtype=object)
+        with assert_raises_regex(ValueError,
+                                 'casting must be one of'):
+            self.fastclip(a, 1, 8, casting="garbage")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("amin, amax", [
+        # two scalars
+        (1, 0),
+        # mix scalar and array
+        (1, np.zeros(10)),
+        # two arrays
+        (np.ones(10), np.zeros(10)),
+        ])
+    def test_clip_value_min_max_flip(self, amin, amax):
+        a = np.arange(10, dtype=np.int64)
+        # requirement from ufunc_docstrings.py
+        expected = np.minimum(np.maximum(a, amin), amax)
+        actual = np.clip(a, amin, amax)
+        assert_equal(actual, expected)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arr, amin, amax, exp", [
+        # for a bug in npy_ObjectClip, based on a
+        # case produced by hypothesis
+        (np.zeros(10, dtype=np.int64),
+         0,
+         -2**64+1,
+         np.full(10, -2**64+1, dtype=object)),
+        # for bugs in NPY_TIMEDELTA_MAX, based on a case
+        # produced by hypothesis
+        (np.zeros(10, dtype='m8') - 1,
+         0,
+         0,
+         np.zeros(10, dtype='m8')),
+    ])
+    def test_clip_problem_cases(self, arr, amin, amax, exp):
+        actual = np.clip(arr, amin, amax)
+        assert_equal(actual, exp)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arr, amin, amax", [
+        # problematic scalar nan case from hypothesis
+        (np.zeros(10, dtype=np.int64),
+         np.array(np.nan),
+         np.zeros(10, dtype=np.int32)),
+    ])
+    def test_clip_scalar_nan_propagation(self, arr, amin, amax):
+        # enforcement of scalar nan propagation for comparisons
+        # called through clip()
+        expected = np.minimum(np.maximum(arr, amin), amax)
+        actual = np.clip(arr, amin, amax)
+        assert_equal(actual, expected)
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="propagation doesn't match spec")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arr, amin, amax", [
+        (np.array([1] * 10, dtype='m8'),
+         np.timedelta64('NaT'),
+         np.zeros(10, dtype=np.int32)),
+    ])
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::DeprecationWarning")
+    def test_NaT_propagation(self, arr, amin, amax):
+        # NOTE: the expected function spec doesn't
+        # propagate NaT, but clip() now does
+        expected = np.minimum(np.maximum(arr, amin), amax)
+        actual = np.clip(arr, amin, amax)
+        assert_equal(actual, expected)
+
+    @given(
+        data=st.data(),
+        arr=hynp.arrays(
+            dtype=hynp.integer_dtypes() | hynp.floating_dtypes(),
+            shape=hynp.array_shapes()
+        )
+    )
+    def test_clip_property(self, data, arr):
+        """A property-based test using Hypothesis.
+
+        This aims for maximum generality: it could in principle generate *any*
+        valid inputs to np.clip, and in practice generates much more varied
+        inputs than human testers come up with.
+
+        Because many of the inputs have tricky dependencies - compatible dtypes
+        and mutually-broadcastable shapes - we use `st.data()` strategy draw
+        values *inside* the test function, from strategies we construct based
+        on previous values.  An alternative would be to define a custom strategy
+        with `@st.composite`, but until we have duplicated code inline is fine.
+
+        That accounts for most of the function; the actual test is just three
+        lines to calculate and compare actual vs expected results!
+        """
+        numeric_dtypes = hynp.integer_dtypes() | hynp.floating_dtypes()
+        # Generate shapes for the bounds which can be broadcast with each other
+        # and with the base shape.  Below, we might decide to use scalar bounds,
+        # but it's clearer to generate these shapes unconditionally in advance.
+        in_shapes, result_shape = data.draw(
+            hynp.mutually_broadcastable_shapes(
+                num_shapes=2, base_shape=arr.shape
+            )
+        )
+        # Scalar `nan` is deprecated due to the differing behaviour it shows.
+        s = numeric_dtypes.flatmap(
+            lambda x: hynp.from_dtype(x, allow_nan=False))
+        amin = data.draw(s | hynp.arrays(dtype=numeric_dtypes,
+            shape=in_shapes[0], elements={"allow_nan": False}))
+        amax = data.draw(s | hynp.arrays(dtype=numeric_dtypes,
+            shape=in_shapes[1], elements={"allow_nan": False}))
+
+        # Then calculate our result and expected result and check that they're
+        # equal!  See gh-12519 and gh-19457 for discussion deciding on this
+        # property and the result_type argument.
+        result = np.clip(arr, amin, amax)
+        t = np.result_type(arr, amin, amax)
+        expected = np.minimum(amax, np.maximum(arr, amin, dtype=t), dtype=t)
+        assert result.dtype == t
+        assert_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+class TestAllclose:
+    rtol = 1e-5
+    atol = 1e-8
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.olderr = np.seterr(invalid='ignore')
+
+    def teardown_method(self):
+        np.seterr(**self.olderr)
+
+    def tst_allclose(self, x, y):
+        assert_(np.allclose(x, y), "%s and %s not close" % (x, y))
+
+    def tst_not_allclose(self, x, y):
+        assert_(not np.allclose(x, y), "%s and %s shouldn't be close" % (x, y))
+
+    def test_ip_allclose(self):
+        # Parametric test factory.
+        arr = np.array([100, 1000])
+        aran = np.arange(125).reshape((5, 5, 5))
+
+        atol = self.atol
+        rtol = self.rtol
+
+        data = [([1, 0], [1, 0]),
+                ([atol], [0]),
+                ([1], [1+rtol+atol]),
+                (arr, arr + arr*rtol),
+                (arr, arr + arr*rtol + atol*2),
+                (aran, aran + aran*rtol),
+                (np.inf, np.inf),
+                (np.inf, [np.inf])]
+
+        for (x, y) in data:
+            self.tst_allclose(x, y)
+
+    def test_ip_not_allclose(self):
+        # Parametric test factory.
+        aran = np.arange(125).reshape((5, 5, 5))
+
+        atol = self.atol
+        rtol = self.rtol
+
+        data = [([np.inf, 0], [1, np.inf]),
+                ([np.inf, 0], [1, 0]),
+                ([np.inf, np.inf], [1, np.inf]),
+                ([np.inf, np.inf], [1, 0]),
+                ([-np.inf, 0], [np.inf, 0]),
+                ([np.nan, 0], [np.nan, 0]),
+                ([atol*2], [0]),
+                ([1], [1+rtol+atol*2]),
+                (aran, aran + aran*atol + atol*2),
+                (np.array([np.inf, 1]), np.array([0, np.inf]))]
+
+        for (x, y) in data:
+            self.tst_not_allclose(x, y)
+
+    def test_no_parameter_modification(self):
+        x = np.array([np.inf, 1])
+        y = np.array([0, np.inf])
+        np.allclose(x, y)
+        assert_array_equal(x, np.array([np.inf, 1]))
+        assert_array_equal(y, np.array([0, np.inf]))
+
+    def test_min_int(self):
+        # Could make problems because of abs(min_int) == min_int
+        min_int = np.iinfo(np.int_).min
+        a = np.array([min_int], dtype=np.int_)
+        assert_(np.allclose(a, a))
+
+    def test_equalnan(self):
+        x = np.array([1.0, np.nan])
+        assert_(np.allclose(x, x, equal_nan=True))
+
+    def test_return_class_is_ndarray(self):
+        # Issue gh-6475
+        # Check that allclose does not preserve subtypes
+        class Foo(np.ndarray):
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                return np.array(*args, **kwargs).view(cls)
+
+        a = Foo([1])
+        assert_(type(np.allclose(a, a)) is bool)
+
+
+class TestIsclose:
+    rtol = 1e-5
+    atol = 1e-8
+
+    def _setup(self):
+        atol = self.atol
+        rtol = self.rtol
+        arr = np.array([100, 1000])
+        aran = np.arange(125).reshape((5, 5, 5))
+
+        self.all_close_tests = [
+                ([1, 0], [1, 0]),
+                ([atol], [0]),
+                ([1], [1 + rtol + atol]),
+                (arr, arr + arr*rtol),
+                (arr, arr + arr*rtol + atol),
+                (aran, aran + aran*rtol),
+                (np.inf, np.inf),
+                (np.inf, [np.inf]),
+                ([np.inf, -np.inf], [np.inf, -np.inf]),
+                ]
+        self.none_close_tests = [
+                ([np.inf, 0], [1, np.inf]),
+                ([np.inf, -np.inf], [1, 0]),
+                ([np.inf, np.inf], [1, -np.inf]),
+                ([np.inf, np.inf], [1, 0]),
+                ([np.nan, 0], [np.nan, -np.inf]),
+                ([atol*2], [0]),
+                ([1], [1 + rtol + atol*2]),
+                (aran, aran + rtol*1.1*aran + atol*1.1),
+                (np.array([np.inf, 1]), np.array([0, np.inf])),
+                ]
+        self.some_close_tests = [
+                ([np.inf, 0], [np.inf, atol*2]),
+                ([atol, 1, 1e6*(1 + 2*rtol) + atol], [0, np.nan, 1e6]),
+                (np.arange(3), [0, 1, 2.1]),
+                (np.nan, [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]),
+                ([0], [atol, np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan]),
+                (0, [atol, np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan]),
+                ]
+        self.some_close_results = [
+                [True, False],
+                [True, False, False],
+                [True, True, False],
+                [False, False, False],
+                [True, False, False, False],
+                [True, False, False, False],
+                ]
+
+    def test_ip_isclose(self):
+        self._setup()
+        tests = self.some_close_tests
+        results = self.some_close_results
+        for (x, y), result in zip(tests, results):
+            assert_array_equal(np.isclose(x, y), result)
+
+    def tst_all_isclose(self, x, y):
+        assert_(np.all(np.isclose(x, y)), "%s and %s not close" % (x, y))
+
+    def tst_none_isclose(self, x, y):
+        msg = "%s and %s shouldn't be close"
+        assert_(not np.any(np.isclose(x, y)), msg % (x, y))
+
+    def tst_isclose_allclose(self, x, y):
+        msg = "isclose.all() and allclose aren't same for %s and %s"
+        msg2 = "isclose and allclose aren't same for %s and %s"
+        if np.isscalar(x) and np.isscalar(y):
+            assert_(np.isclose(x, y) == np.allclose(x, y), msg=msg2 % (x, y))
+        else:
+            assert_array_equal(np.isclose(x, y).all(), np.allclose(x, y), msg % (x, y))
+
+    def test_ip_all_isclose(self):
+        self._setup()
+        for (x, y) in self.all_close_tests:
+            self.tst_all_isclose(x, y)
+
+    def test_ip_none_isclose(self):
+        self._setup()
+        for (x, y) in self.none_close_tests:
+            self.tst_none_isclose(x, y)
+
+    def test_ip_isclose_allclose(self):
+        self._setup()
+        tests = (self.all_close_tests + self.none_close_tests +
+                 self.some_close_tests)
+        for (x, y) in tests:
+            self.tst_isclose_allclose(x, y)
+
+    def test_equal_nan(self):
+        assert_array_equal(np.isclose(np.nan, np.nan, equal_nan=True), [True])
+        arr = np.array([1.0, np.nan])
+        assert_array_equal(np.isclose(arr, arr, equal_nan=True), [True, True])
+
+    def test_masked_arrays(self):
+        # Make sure to test the output type when arguments are interchanged.
+
+        x = np.ma.masked_where([True, True, False], np.arange(3))
+        assert_(type(x) is type(np.isclose(2, x)))
+        assert_(type(x) is type(np.isclose(x, 2)))
+
+        x = np.ma.masked_where([True, True, False], [np.nan, np.inf, np.nan])
+        assert_(type(x) is type(np.isclose(np.inf, x)))
+        assert_(type(x) is type(np.isclose(x, np.inf)))
+
+        x = np.ma.masked_where([True, True, False], [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan])
+        y = np.isclose(np.nan, x, equal_nan=True)
+        assert_(type(x) is type(y))
+        # Ensure that the mask isn't modified...
+        assert_array_equal([True, True, False], y.mask)
+        y = np.isclose(x, np.nan, equal_nan=True)
+        assert_(type(x) is type(y))
+        # Ensure that the mask isn't modified...
+        assert_array_equal([True, True, False], y.mask)
+
+        x = np.ma.masked_where([True, True, False], [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan])
+        y = np.isclose(x, x, equal_nan=True)
+        assert_(type(x) is type(y))
+        # Ensure that the mask isn't modified...
+        assert_array_equal([True, True, False], y.mask)
+
+    def test_scalar_return(self):
+        assert_(np.isscalar(np.isclose(1, 1)))
+
+    def test_no_parameter_modification(self):
+        x = np.array([np.inf, 1])
+        y = np.array([0, np.inf])
+        np.isclose(x, y)
+        assert_array_equal(x, np.array([np.inf, 1]))
+        assert_array_equal(y, np.array([0, np.inf]))
+
+    def test_non_finite_scalar(self):
+        # GH7014, when two scalars are compared the output should also be a
+        # scalar
+        assert_(np.isclose(np.inf, -np.inf) is np.False_)
+        assert_(np.isclose(0, np.inf) is np.False_)
+        assert_(type(np.isclose(0, np.inf)) is np.bool_)
+
+    def test_timedelta(self):
+        # Allclose currently works for timedelta64 as long as `atol` is
+        # an integer or also a timedelta64
+        a = np.array([[1, 2, 3, "NaT"]], dtype="m8[ns]")
+        assert np.isclose(a, a, atol=0, equal_nan=True).all()
+        assert np.isclose(a, a, atol=np.timedelta64(1, "ns"), equal_nan=True).all()
+        assert np.allclose(a, a, atol=0, equal_nan=True)
+        assert np.allclose(a, a, atol=np.timedelta64(1, "ns"), equal_nan=True)
+
+
+class TestStdVar:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.A = np.array([1, -1, 1, -1])
+        self.real_var = 1
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(np.var(self.A), self.real_var)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.std(self.A)**2, self.real_var)
+
+    def test_scalars(self):
+        assert_equal(np.var(1), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.std(1), 0)
+
+    def test_ddof1(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(np.var(self.A, ddof=1),
+                            self.real_var * len(self.A) / (len(self.A) - 1))
+        assert_almost_equal(np.std(self.A, ddof=1)**2,
+                            self.real_var*len(self.A) / (len(self.A) - 1))
+
+    def test_ddof2(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(np.var(self.A, ddof=2),
+                            self.real_var * len(self.A) / (len(self.A) - 2))
+        assert_almost_equal(np.std(self.A, ddof=2)**2,
+                            self.real_var * len(self.A) / (len(self.A) - 2))
+
+    def test_out_scalar(self):
+        d = np.arange(10)
+        out = np.array(0.)
+        r = np.std(d, out=out)
+        assert_(r is out)
+        assert_array_equal(r, out)
+        r = np.var(d, out=out)
+        assert_(r is out)
+        assert_array_equal(r, out)
+        r = np.mean(d, out=out)
+        assert_(r is out)
+        assert_array_equal(r, out)
+
+
+class TestStdVarComplex:
+    def test_basic(self):
+        A = np.array([1, 1.j, -1, -1.j])
+        real_var = 1
+        assert_almost_equal(np.var(A), real_var)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.std(A)**2, real_var)
+
+    def test_scalars(self):
+        assert_equal(np.var(1j), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.std(1j), 0)
+
+
+class TestCreationFuncs:
+    # Test ones, zeros, empty and full.
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        dtypes = {np.dtype(tp) for tp in itertools.chain(*np.sctypes.values())}
+        # void, bytes, str
+        variable_sized = {tp for tp in dtypes if tp.str.endswith('0')}
+        self.dtypes = sorted(dtypes - variable_sized |
+                             {np.dtype(tp.str.replace("0", str(i)))
+                              for tp in variable_sized for i in range(1, 10)},
+                             key=lambda dtype: dtype.str)
+        self.orders = {'C': 'c_contiguous', 'F': 'f_contiguous'}
+        self.ndims = 10
+
+    def check_function(self, func, fill_value=None):
+        par = ((0, 1, 2),
+               range(self.ndims),
+               self.orders,
+               self.dtypes)
+        fill_kwarg = {}
+        if fill_value is not None:
+            fill_kwarg = {'fill_value': fill_value}
+
+        for size, ndims, order, dtype in itertools.product(*par):
+            shape = ndims * [size]
+
+            # do not fill void type
+            if fill_kwarg and dtype.str.startswith('|V'):
+                continue
+
+            arr = func(shape, order=order, dtype=dtype,
+                       **fill_kwarg)
+
+            assert_equal(arr.dtype, dtype)
+            assert_(getattr(arr.flags, self.orders[order]))
+
+            if fill_value is not None:
+                if dtype.str.startswith('|S'):
+                    val = str(fill_value)
+                else:
+                    val = fill_value
+                assert_equal(arr, dtype.type(val))
+
+    def test_zeros(self):
+        self.check_function(np.zeros)
+
+    def test_ones(self):
+        self.check_function(np.ones)
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        self.check_function(np.empty)
+
+    def test_full(self):
+        self.check_function(np.full, 0)
+        self.check_function(np.full, 1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_REFCOUNT, reason="Python lacks refcounts")
+    def test_for_reference_leak(self):
+        # Make sure we have an object for reference
+        dim = 1
+        beg = sys.getrefcount(dim)
+        np.zeros([dim]*10)
+        assert_(sys.getrefcount(dim) == beg)
+        np.ones([dim]*10)
+        assert_(sys.getrefcount(dim) == beg)
+        np.empty([dim]*10)
+        assert_(sys.getrefcount(dim) == beg)
+        np.full([dim]*10, 0)
+        assert_(sys.getrefcount(dim) == beg)
+
+
+class TestLikeFuncs:
+    '''Test ones_like, zeros_like, empty_like and full_like'''
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.data = [
+                # Array scalars
+                (np.array(3.), None),
+                (np.array(3), 'f8'),
+                # 1D arrays
+                (np.arange(6, dtype='f4'), None),
+                (np.arange(6), 'c16'),
+                # 2D C-layout arrays
+                (np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3), None),
+                (np.arange(6).reshape(3, 2), 'i1'),
+                # 2D F-layout arrays
+                (np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3), order='F'), None),
+                (np.arange(6).reshape((3, 2), order='F'), 'i1'),
+                # 3D C-layout arrays
+                (np.arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4), None),
+                (np.arange(24).reshape(4, 3, 2), 'f4'),
+                # 3D F-layout arrays
+                (np.arange(24).reshape((2, 3, 4), order='F'), None),
+                (np.arange(24).reshape((4, 3, 2), order='F'), 'f4'),
+                # 3D non-C/F-layout arrays
+                (np.arange(24).reshape(2, 3, 4).swapaxes(0, 1), None),
+                (np.arange(24).reshape(4, 3, 2).swapaxes(0, 1), '?'),
+                     ]
+        self.shapes = [(), (5,), (5,6,), (5,6,7,)]
+
+    def compare_array_value(self, dz, value, fill_value):
+        if value is not None:
+            if fill_value:
+                # Conversion is close to what np.full_like uses
+                # but we  may want to convert directly in the future
+                # which may result in errors (where this does not).
+                z = np.array(value).astype(dz.dtype)
+                assert_(np.all(dz == z))
+            else:
+                assert_(np.all(dz == value))
+
+    def check_like_function(self, like_function, value, fill_value=False):
+        if fill_value:
+            fill_kwarg = {'fill_value': value}
+        else:
+            fill_kwarg = {}
+        for d, dtype in self.data:
+            # default (K) order, dtype
+            dz = like_function(d, dtype=dtype, **fill_kwarg)
+            assert_equal(dz.shape, d.shape)
+            assert_equal(np.array(dz.strides)*d.dtype.itemsize,
+                         np.array(d.strides)*dz.dtype.itemsize)
+            assert_equal(d.flags.c_contiguous, dz.flags.c_contiguous)
+            assert_equal(d.flags.f_contiguous, dz.flags.f_contiguous)
+            if dtype is None:
+                assert_equal(dz.dtype, d.dtype)
+            else:
+                assert_equal(dz.dtype, np.dtype(dtype))
+            self.compare_array_value(dz, value, fill_value)
+
+            # C order, default dtype
+            dz = like_function(d, order='C', dtype=dtype, **fill_kwarg)
+            assert_equal(dz.shape, d.shape)
+            assert_(dz.flags.c_contiguous)
+            if dtype is None:
+                assert_equal(dz.dtype, d.dtype)
+            else:
+                assert_equal(dz.dtype, np.dtype(dtype))
+            self.compare_array_value(dz, value, fill_value)
+
+            # F order, default dtype
+            dz = like_function(d, order='F', dtype=dtype, **fill_kwarg)
+            assert_equal(dz.shape, d.shape)
+            assert_(dz.flags.f_contiguous)
+            if dtype is None:
+                assert_equal(dz.dtype, d.dtype)
+            else:
+                assert_equal(dz.dtype, np.dtype(dtype))
+            self.compare_array_value(dz, value, fill_value)
+
+            # A order
+            dz = like_function(d, order='A', dtype=dtype, **fill_kwarg)
+            assert_equal(dz.shape, d.shape)
+            if d.flags.f_contiguous:
+                assert_(dz.flags.f_contiguous)
+            else:
+                assert_(dz.flags.c_contiguous)
+            if dtype is None:
+                assert_equal(dz.dtype, d.dtype)
+            else:
+                assert_equal(dz.dtype, np.dtype(dtype))
+            self.compare_array_value(dz, value, fill_value)
+
+            # Test the 'shape' parameter
+            for s in self.shapes:
+                for o in 'CFA':
+                    sz = like_function(d, dtype=dtype, shape=s, order=o,
+                                       **fill_kwarg)
+                    assert_equal(sz.shape, s)
+                    if dtype is None:
+                        assert_equal(sz.dtype, d.dtype)
+                    else:
+                        assert_equal(sz.dtype, np.dtype(dtype))
+                    if o == 'C' or (o == 'A' and d.flags.c_contiguous):
+                        assert_(sz.flags.c_contiguous)
+                    elif o == 'F' or (o == 'A' and d.flags.f_contiguous):
+                        assert_(sz.flags.f_contiguous)
+                    self.compare_array_value(sz, value, fill_value)
+
+                if (d.ndim != len(s)):
+                    assert_equal(np.argsort(like_function(d, dtype=dtype,
+                                                          shape=s, order='K',
+                                                          **fill_kwarg).strides),
+                                 np.argsort(np.empty(s, dtype=dtype,
+                                                     order='C').strides))
+                else:
+                    assert_equal(np.argsort(like_function(d, dtype=dtype,
+                                                          shape=s, order='K',
+                                                          **fill_kwarg).strides),
+                                 np.argsort(d.strides))
+
+        # Test the 'subok' parameter
+        class MyNDArray(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]).view(MyNDArray)
+
+        b = like_function(a, **fill_kwarg)
+        assert_(type(b) is MyNDArray)
+
+        b = like_function(a, subok=False, **fill_kwarg)
+        assert_(type(b) is not MyNDArray)
+
+    def test_ones_like(self):
+        self.check_like_function(np.ones_like, 1)
+
+    def test_zeros_like(self):
+        self.check_like_function(np.zeros_like, 0)
+
+    def test_empty_like(self):
+        self.check_like_function(np.empty_like, None)
+
+    def test_filled_like(self):
+        self.check_like_function(np.full_like, 0, True)
+        self.check_like_function(np.full_like, 1, True)
+        self.check_like_function(np.full_like, 1000, True)
+        self.check_like_function(np.full_like, 123.456, True)
+        # Inf to integer casts cause invalid-value errors: ignore them.
+        with np.errstate(invalid="ignore"):
+            self.check_like_function(np.full_like, np.inf, True)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('likefunc', [np.empty_like, np.full_like,
+                                          np.zeros_like, np.ones_like])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', [str, bytes])
+    def test_dtype_str_bytes(self, likefunc, dtype):
+        # Regression test for gh-19860
+        a = np.arange(16).reshape(2, 8)
+        b = a[:, ::2]  # Ensure b is not contiguous.
+        kwargs = {'fill_value': ''} if likefunc == np.full_like else {}
+        result = likefunc(b, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
+        if dtype == str:
+            assert result.strides == (16, 4)
+        else:
+            # dtype is bytes
+            assert result.strides == (4, 1)
+
+
+class TestCorrelate:
+    def _setup(self, dt):
+        self.x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], dtype=dt)
+        self.xs = np.arange(1, 20)[::3]
+        self.y = np.array([-1, -2, -3], dtype=dt)
+        self.z1 = np.array([-3., -8., -14., -20., -26., -14., -5.], dtype=dt)
+        self.z1_4 = np.array([-2., -5., -8., -11., -14., -5.], dtype=dt)
+        self.z1r = np.array([-15., -22., -22., -16., -10., -4., -1.], dtype=dt)
+        self.z2 = np.array([-5., -14., -26., -20., -14., -8., -3.], dtype=dt)
+        self.z2r = np.array([-1., -4., -10., -16., -22., -22., -15.], dtype=dt)
+        self.zs = np.array([-3., -14., -30., -48., -66., -84.,
+                           -102., -54., -19.], dtype=dt)
+
+    def test_float(self):
+        self._setup(float)
+        z = np.correlate(self.x, self.y, 'full')
+        assert_array_almost_equal(z, self.z1)
+        z = np.correlate(self.x, self.y[:-1], 'full')
+        assert_array_almost_equal(z, self.z1_4)
+        z = np.correlate(self.y, self.x, 'full')
+        assert_array_almost_equal(z, self.z2)
+        z = np.correlate(self.x[::-1], self.y, 'full')
+        assert_array_almost_equal(z, self.z1r)
+        z = np.correlate(self.y, self.x[::-1], 'full')
+        assert_array_almost_equal(z, self.z2r)
+        z = np.correlate(self.xs, self.y, 'full')
+        assert_array_almost_equal(z, self.zs)
+
+    def test_object(self):
+        self._setup(Decimal)
+        z = np.correlate(self.x, self.y, 'full')
+        assert_array_almost_equal(z, self.z1)
+        z = np.correlate(self.y, self.x, 'full')
+        assert_array_almost_equal(z, self.z2)
+
+    def test_no_overwrite(self):
+        d = np.ones(100)
+        k = np.ones(3)
+        np.correlate(d, k)
+        assert_array_equal(d, np.ones(100))
+        assert_array_equal(k, np.ones(3))
+
+    def test_complex(self):
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4+1j], dtype=complex)
+        y = np.array([-1, -2j, 3+1j], dtype=complex)
+        r_z = np.array([3-1j, 6, 8+1j, 11+5j, -5+8j, -4-1j], dtype=complex)
+        r_z = r_z[::-1].conjugate()
+        z = np.correlate(y, x, mode='full')
+        assert_array_almost_equal(z, r_z)
+
+    def test_zero_size(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.correlate(np.array([]), np.ones(1000), mode='full')
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.correlate(np.ones(1000), np.array([]), mode='full')
+
+    def test_mode(self):
+        d = np.ones(100)
+        k = np.ones(3)
+        default_mode = np.correlate(d, k, mode='valid')
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            valid_mode = np.correlate(d, k, mode='v')
+        assert_array_equal(valid_mode, default_mode)
+        # integer mode
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            np.correlate(d, k, mode=-1)
+        assert_array_equal(np.correlate(d, k, mode=0), valid_mode)
+        # illegal arguments
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            np.correlate(d, k, mode=None)
+
+
+class TestConvolve:
+    def test_object(self):
+        d = [1.] * 100
+        k = [1.] * 3
+        assert_array_almost_equal(np.convolve(d, k)[2:-2], np.full(98, 3))
+
+    def test_no_overwrite(self):
+        d = np.ones(100)
+        k = np.ones(3)
+        np.convolve(d, k)
+        assert_array_equal(d, np.ones(100))
+        assert_array_equal(k, np.ones(3))
+
+    def test_mode(self):
+        d = np.ones(100)
+        k = np.ones(3)
+        default_mode = np.convolve(d, k, mode='full')
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            full_mode = np.convolve(d, k, mode='f')
+        assert_array_equal(full_mode, default_mode)
+        # integer mode
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            np.convolve(d, k, mode=-1)
+        assert_array_equal(np.convolve(d, k, mode=2), full_mode)
+        # illegal arguments
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            np.convolve(d, k, mode=None)
+
+
+class TestArgwhere:
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('nd', [0, 1, 2])
+    def test_nd(self, nd):
+        # get an nd array with multiple elements in every dimension
+        x = np.empty((2,)*nd, bool)
+
+        # none
+        x[...] = False
+        assert_equal(np.argwhere(x).shape, (0, nd))
+
+        # only one
+        x[...] = False
+        x.flat[0] = True
+        assert_equal(np.argwhere(x).shape, (1, nd))
+
+        # all but one
+        x[...] = True
+        x.flat[0] = False
+        assert_equal(np.argwhere(x).shape, (x.size - 1, nd))
+
+        # all
+        x[...] = True
+        assert_equal(np.argwhere(x).shape, (x.size, nd))
+
+    def test_2D(self):
+        x = np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3))
+        assert_array_equal(np.argwhere(x > 1),
+                           [[0, 2],
+                            [1, 0],
+                            [1, 1],
+                            [1, 2]])
+
+    def test_list(self):
+        assert_equal(np.argwhere([4, 0, 2, 1, 3]), [[0], [2], [3], [4]])
+
+
+class TestStringFunction:
+
+    def test_set_string_function(self):
+        a = np.array([1])
+        np.set_string_function(lambda x: "FOO", repr=True)
+        assert_equal(repr(a), "FOO")
+        np.set_string_function(None, repr=True)
+        assert_equal(repr(a), "array([1])")
+
+        np.set_string_function(lambda x: "FOO", repr=False)
+        assert_equal(str(a), "FOO")
+        np.set_string_function(None, repr=False)
+        assert_equal(str(a), "[1]")
+
+
+class TestRoll:
+    def test_roll1d(self):
+        x = np.arange(10)
+        xr = np.roll(x, 2)
+        assert_equal(xr, np.array([8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]))
+
+    def test_roll2d(self):
+        x2 = np.reshape(np.arange(10), (2, 5))
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, 1)
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[9, 0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]]))
+
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, 1, axis=0)
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[5, 6, 7, 8, 9], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]]))
+
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, 1, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[4, 0, 1, 2, 3], [9, 5, 6, 7, 8]]))
+
+        # Roll multiple axes at once.
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, 1, axis=(0, 1))
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[9, 5, 6, 7, 8], [4, 0, 1, 2, 3]]))
+
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, (1, 0), axis=(0, 1))
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[5, 6, 7, 8, 9], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]]))
+
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, (-1, 0), axis=(0, 1))
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[5, 6, 7, 8, 9], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]]))
+
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, (0, 1), axis=(0, 1))
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[4, 0, 1, 2, 3], [9, 5, 6, 7, 8]]))
+
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, (0, -1), axis=(0, 1))
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4, 0], [6, 7, 8, 9, 5]]))
+
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, (1, 1), axis=(0, 1))
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[9, 5, 6, 7, 8], [4, 0, 1, 2, 3]]))
+
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, (-1, -1), axis=(0, 1))
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[6, 7, 8, 9, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 0]]))
+
+        # Roll the same axis multiple times.
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, 1, axis=(0, 0))
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]]))
+
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, 1, axis=(1, 1))
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[3, 4, 0, 1, 2], [8, 9, 5, 6, 7]]))
+
+        # Roll more than one turn in either direction.
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, 6, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[4, 0, 1, 2, 3], [9, 5, 6, 7, 8]]))
+
+        x2r = np.roll(x2, -4, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(x2r, np.array([[4, 0, 1, 2, 3], [9, 5, 6, 7, 8]]))
+
+    def test_roll_empty(self):
+        x = np.array([])
+        assert_equal(np.roll(x, 1), np.array([]))
+
+
+class TestRollaxis:
+
+    # expected shape indexed by (axis, start) for array of
+    # shape (1, 2, 3, 4)
+    tgtshape = {(0, 0): (1, 2, 3, 4), (0, 1): (1, 2, 3, 4),
+                (0, 2): (2, 1, 3, 4), (0, 3): (2, 3, 1, 4),
+                (0, 4): (2, 3, 4, 1),
+                (1, 0): (2, 1, 3, 4), (1, 1): (1, 2, 3, 4),
+                (1, 2): (1, 2, 3, 4), (1, 3): (1, 3, 2, 4),
+                (1, 4): (1, 3, 4, 2),
+                (2, 0): (3, 1, 2, 4), (2, 1): (1, 3, 2, 4),
+                (2, 2): (1, 2, 3, 4), (2, 3): (1, 2, 3, 4),
+                (2, 4): (1, 2, 4, 3),
+                (3, 0): (4, 1, 2, 3), (3, 1): (1, 4, 2, 3),
+                (3, 2): (1, 2, 4, 3), (3, 3): (1, 2, 3, 4),
+                (3, 4): (1, 2, 3, 4)}
+
+    def test_exceptions(self):
+        a = np.arange(1*2*3*4).reshape(1, 2, 3, 4)
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, np.rollaxis, a, -5, 0)
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, np.rollaxis, a, 0, -5)
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, np.rollaxis, a, 4, 0)
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, np.rollaxis, a, 0, 5)
+
+    def test_results(self):
+        a = np.arange(1*2*3*4).reshape(1, 2, 3, 4).copy()
+        aind = np.indices(a.shape)
+        assert_(a.flags['OWNDATA'])
+        for (i, j) in self.tgtshape:
+            # positive axis, positive start
+            res = np.rollaxis(a, axis=i, start=j)
+            i0, i1, i2, i3 = aind[np.array(res.shape) - 1]
+            assert_(np.all(res[i0, i1, i2, i3] == a))
+            assert_(res.shape == self.tgtshape[(i, j)], str((i,j)))
+            assert_(not res.flags['OWNDATA'])
+
+            # negative axis, positive start
+            ip = i + 1
+            res = np.rollaxis(a, axis=-ip, start=j)
+            i0, i1, i2, i3 = aind[np.array(res.shape) - 1]
+            assert_(np.all(res[i0, i1, i2, i3] == a))
+            assert_(res.shape == self.tgtshape[(4 - ip, j)])
+            assert_(not res.flags['OWNDATA'])
+
+            # positive axis, negative start
+            jp = j + 1 if j < 4 else j
+            res = np.rollaxis(a, axis=i, start=-jp)
+            i0, i1, i2, i3 = aind[np.array(res.shape) - 1]
+            assert_(np.all(res[i0, i1, i2, i3] == a))
+            assert_(res.shape == self.tgtshape[(i, 4 - jp)])
+            assert_(not res.flags['OWNDATA'])
+
+            # negative axis, negative start
+            ip = i + 1
+            jp = j + 1 if j < 4 else j
+            res = np.rollaxis(a, axis=-ip, start=-jp)
+            i0, i1, i2, i3 = aind[np.array(res.shape) - 1]
+            assert_(np.all(res[i0, i1, i2, i3] == a))
+            assert_(res.shape == self.tgtshape[(4 - ip, 4 - jp)])
+            assert_(not res.flags['OWNDATA'])
+
+
+class TestMoveaxis:
+    def test_move_to_end(self):
+        x = np.random.randn(5, 6, 7)
+        for source, expected in [(0, (6, 7, 5)),
+                                 (1, (5, 7, 6)),
+                                 (2, (5, 6, 7)),
+                                 (-1, (5, 6, 7))]:
+            actual = np.moveaxis(x, source, -1).shape
+            assert_(actual, expected)
+
+    def test_move_new_position(self):
+        x = np.random.randn(1, 2, 3, 4)
+        for source, destination, expected in [
+                (0, 1, (2, 1, 3, 4)),
+                (1, 2, (1, 3, 2, 4)),
+                (1, -1, (1, 3, 4, 2)),
+                ]:
+            actual = np.moveaxis(x, source, destination).shape
+            assert_(actual, expected)
+
+    def test_preserve_order(self):
+        x = np.zeros((1, 2, 3, 4))
+        for source, destination in [
+                (0, 0),
+                (3, -1),
+                (-1, 3),
+                ([0, -1], [0, -1]),
+                ([2, 0], [2, 0]),
+                (range(4), range(4)),
+                ]:
+            actual = np.moveaxis(x, source, destination).shape
+            assert_(actual, (1, 2, 3, 4))
+
+    def test_move_multiples(self):
+        x = np.zeros((0, 1, 2, 3))
+        for source, destination, expected in [
+                ([0, 1], [2, 3], (2, 3, 0, 1)),
+                ([2, 3], [0, 1], (2, 3, 0, 1)),
+                ([0, 1, 2], [2, 3, 0], (2, 3, 0, 1)),
+                ([3, 0], [1, 0], (0, 3, 1, 2)),
+                ([0, 3], [0, 1], (0, 3, 1, 2)),
+                ]:
+            actual = np.moveaxis(x, source, destination).shape
+            assert_(actual, expected)
+
+    def test_errors(self):
+        x = np.random.randn(1, 2, 3)
+        assert_raises_regex(np.AxisError, 'source.*out of bounds',
+                            np.moveaxis, x, 3, 0)
+        assert_raises_regex(np.AxisError, 'source.*out of bounds',
+                            np.moveaxis, x, -4, 0)
+        assert_raises_regex(np.AxisError, 'destination.*out of bounds',
+                            np.moveaxis, x, 0, 5)
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'repeated axis in `source`',
+                            np.moveaxis, x, [0, 0], [0, 1])
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'repeated axis in `destination`',
+                            np.moveaxis, x, [0, 1], [1, 1])
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'must have the same number',
+                            np.moveaxis, x, 0, [0, 1])
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'must have the same number',
+                            np.moveaxis, x, [0, 1], [0])
+
+    def test_array_likes(self):
+        x = np.ma.zeros((1, 2, 3))
+        result = np.moveaxis(x, 0, 0)
+        assert_(x.shape, result.shape)
+        assert_(isinstance(result, np.ma.MaskedArray))
+
+        x = [1, 2, 3]
+        result = np.moveaxis(x, 0, 0)
+        assert_(x, list(result))
+        assert_(isinstance(result, np.ndarray))
+
+
+class TestCross:
+    def test_2x2(self):
+        u = [1, 2]
+        v = [3, 4]
+        z = -2
+        cp = np.cross(u, v)
+        assert_equal(cp, z)
+        cp = np.cross(v, u)
+        assert_equal(cp, -z)
+
+    def test_2x3(self):
+        u = [1, 2]
+        v = [3, 4, 5]
+        z = np.array([10, -5, -2])
+        cp = np.cross(u, v)
+        assert_equal(cp, z)
+        cp = np.cross(v, u)
+        assert_equal(cp, -z)
+
+    def test_3x3(self):
+        u = [1, 2, 3]
+        v = [4, 5, 6]
+        z = np.array([-3, 6, -3])
+        cp = np.cross(u, v)
+        assert_equal(cp, z)
+        cp = np.cross(v, u)
+        assert_equal(cp, -z)
+
+    def test_broadcasting(self):
+        # Ticket #2624 (Trac #2032)
+        u = np.tile([1, 2], (11, 1))
+        v = np.tile([3, 4], (11, 1))
+        z = -2
+        assert_equal(np.cross(u, v), z)
+        assert_equal(np.cross(v, u), -z)
+        assert_equal(np.cross(u, u), 0)
+
+        u = np.tile([1, 2], (11, 1)).T
+        v = np.tile([3, 4, 5], (11, 1))
+        z = np.tile([10, -5, -2], (11, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.cross(u, v, axisa=0), z)
+        assert_equal(np.cross(v, u.T), -z)
+        assert_equal(np.cross(v, v), 0)
+
+        u = np.tile([1, 2, 3], (11, 1)).T
+        v = np.tile([3, 4], (11, 1)).T
+        z = np.tile([-12, 9, -2], (11, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.cross(u, v, axisa=0, axisb=0), z)
+        assert_equal(np.cross(v.T, u.T), -z)
+        assert_equal(np.cross(u.T, u.T), 0)
+
+        u = np.tile([1, 2, 3], (5, 1))
+        v = np.tile([4, 5, 6], (5, 1)).T
+        z = np.tile([-3, 6, -3], (5, 1))
+        assert_equal(np.cross(u, v, axisb=0), z)
+        assert_equal(np.cross(v.T, u), -z)
+        assert_equal(np.cross(u, u), 0)
+
+    def test_broadcasting_shapes(self):
+        u = np.ones((2, 1, 3))
+        v = np.ones((5, 3))
+        assert_equal(np.cross(u, v).shape, (2, 5, 3))
+        u = np.ones((10, 3, 5))
+        v = np.ones((2, 5))
+        assert_equal(np.cross(u, v, axisa=1, axisb=0).shape, (10, 5, 3))
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, np.cross, u, v, axisa=1, axisb=2)
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, np.cross, u, v, axisa=3, axisb=0)
+        u = np.ones((10, 3, 5, 7))
+        v = np.ones((5, 7, 2))
+        assert_equal(np.cross(u, v, axisa=1, axisc=2).shape, (10, 5, 3, 7))
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, np.cross, u, v, axisa=-5, axisb=2)
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, np.cross, u, v, axisa=1, axisb=-4)
+        # gh-5885
+        u = np.ones((3, 4, 2))
+        for axisc in range(-2, 2):
+            assert_equal(np.cross(u, u, axisc=axisc).shape, (3, 4))
+
+    def test_uint8_int32_mixed_dtypes(self):
+        # regression test for gh-19138
+        u = np.array([[195, 8, 9]], np.uint8)
+        v = np.array([250, 166, 68], np.int32)
+        z = np.array([[950, 11010, -30370]], dtype=np.int32)
+        assert_equal(np.cross(v, u), z)
+        assert_equal(np.cross(u, v), -z)
+
+
+def test_outer_out_param():
+    arr1 = np.ones((5,))
+    arr2 = np.ones((2,))
+    arr3 = np.linspace(-2, 2, 5)
+    out1 = np.ndarray(shape=(5,5))
+    out2 = np.ndarray(shape=(2, 5))
+    res1 = np.outer(arr1, arr3, out1)
+    assert_equal(res1, out1)
+    assert_equal(np.outer(arr2, arr3, out2), out2)
+
+
+class TestIndices:
+
+    def test_simple(self):
+        [x, y] = np.indices((4, 3))
+        assert_array_equal(x, np.array([[0, 0, 0],
+                                        [1, 1, 1],
+                                        [2, 2, 2],
+                                        [3, 3, 3]]))
+        assert_array_equal(y, np.array([[0, 1, 2],
+                                        [0, 1, 2],
+                                        [0, 1, 2],
+                                        [0, 1, 2]]))
+
+    def test_single_input(self):
+        [x] = np.indices((4,))
+        assert_array_equal(x, np.array([0, 1, 2, 3]))
+
+        [x] = np.indices((4,), sparse=True)
+        assert_array_equal(x, np.array([0, 1, 2, 3]))
+
+    def test_scalar_input(self):
+        assert_array_equal([], np.indices(()))
+        assert_array_equal([], np.indices((), sparse=True))
+        assert_array_equal([[]], np.indices((0,)))
+        assert_array_equal([[]], np.indices((0,), sparse=True))
+
+    def test_sparse(self):
+        [x, y] = np.indices((4,3), sparse=True)
+        assert_array_equal(x, np.array([[0], [1], [2], [3]]))
+        assert_array_equal(y, np.array([[0, 1, 2]]))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [np.int32, np.int64, np.float32, np.float64])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dims", [(), (0,), (4, 3)])
+    def test_return_type(self, dtype, dims):
+        inds = np.indices(dims, dtype=dtype)
+        assert_(inds.dtype == dtype)
+
+        for arr in np.indices(dims, dtype=dtype, sparse=True):
+            assert_(arr.dtype == dtype)
+
+
+class TestRequire:
+    flag_names = ['C', 'C_CONTIGUOUS', 'CONTIGUOUS',
+                  'F', 'F_CONTIGUOUS', 'FORTRAN',
+                  'A', 'ALIGNED',
+                  'W', 'WRITEABLE',
+                  'O', 'OWNDATA']
+
+    def generate_all_false(self, dtype):
+        arr = np.zeros((2, 2), [('junk', 'i1'), ('a', dtype)])
+        arr.setflags(write=False)
+        a = arr['a']
+        assert_(not a.flags['C'])
+        assert_(not a.flags['F'])
+        assert_(not a.flags['O'])
+        assert_(not a.flags['W'])
+        assert_(not a.flags['A'])
+        return a
+
+    def set_and_check_flag(self, flag, dtype, arr):
+        if dtype is None:
+            dtype = arr.dtype
+        b = np.require(arr, dtype, [flag])
+        assert_(b.flags[flag])
+        assert_(b.dtype == dtype)
+
+        # a further call to np.require ought to return the same array
+        # unless OWNDATA is specified.
+        c = np.require(b, None, [flag])
+        if flag[0] != 'O':
+            assert_(c is b)
+        else:
+            assert_(c.flags[flag])
+
+    def test_require_each(self):
+
+        id = ['f8', 'i4']
+        fd = [None, 'f8', 'c16']
+        for idtype, fdtype, flag in itertools.product(id, fd, self.flag_names):
+            a = self.generate_all_false(idtype)
+            self.set_and_check_flag(flag, fdtype,  a)
+
+    def test_unknown_requirement(self):
+        a = self.generate_all_false('f8')
+        assert_raises(KeyError, np.require, a, None, 'Q')
+
+    def test_non_array_input(self):
+        a = np.require([1, 2, 3, 4], 'i4', ['C', 'A', 'O'])
+        assert_(a.flags['O'])
+        assert_(a.flags['C'])
+        assert_(a.flags['A'])
+        assert_(a.dtype == 'i4')
+        assert_equal(a, [1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+    def test_C_and_F_simul(self):
+        a = self.generate_all_false('f8')
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.require, a, None, ['C', 'F'])
+
+    def test_ensure_array(self):
+        class ArraySubclass(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        a = ArraySubclass((2, 2))
+        b = np.require(a, None, ['E'])
+        assert_(type(b) is np.ndarray)
+
+    def test_preserve_subtype(self):
+        class ArraySubclass(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        for flag in self.flag_names:
+            a = ArraySubclass((2, 2))
+            self.set_and_check_flag(flag, None, a)
+
+
+class TestBroadcast:
+    def test_broadcast_in_args(self):
+        # gh-5881
+        arrs = [np.empty((6, 7)), np.empty((5, 6, 1)), np.empty((7,)),
+                np.empty((5, 1, 7))]
+        mits = [np.broadcast(*arrs),
+                np.broadcast(np.broadcast(*arrs[:0]), np.broadcast(*arrs[0:])),
+                np.broadcast(np.broadcast(*arrs[:1]), np.broadcast(*arrs[1:])),
+                np.broadcast(np.broadcast(*arrs[:2]), np.broadcast(*arrs[2:])),
+                np.broadcast(arrs[0], np.broadcast(*arrs[1:-1]), arrs[-1])]
+        for mit in mits:
+            assert_equal(mit.shape, (5, 6, 7))
+            assert_equal(mit.ndim, 3)
+            assert_equal(mit.nd, 3)
+            assert_equal(mit.numiter, 4)
+            for a, ia in zip(arrs, mit.iters):
+                assert_(a is ia.base)
+
+    def test_broadcast_single_arg(self):
+        # gh-6899
+        arrs = [np.empty((5, 6, 7))]
+        mit = np.broadcast(*arrs)
+        assert_equal(mit.shape, (5, 6, 7))
+        assert_equal(mit.ndim, 3)
+        assert_equal(mit.nd, 3)
+        assert_equal(mit.numiter, 1)
+        assert_(arrs[0] is mit.iters[0].base)
+
+    def test_number_of_arguments(self):
+        arr = np.empty((5,))
+        for j in range(35):
+            arrs = [arr] * j
+            if j > 32:
+                assert_raises(ValueError, np.broadcast, *arrs)
+            else:
+                mit = np.broadcast(*arrs)
+                assert_equal(mit.numiter, j)
+
+    def test_broadcast_error_kwargs(self):
+        #gh-13455
+        arrs = [np.empty((5, 6, 7))]
+        mit  = np.broadcast(*arrs)
+        mit2 = np.broadcast(*arrs, **{})
+        assert_equal(mit.shape, mit2.shape)
+        assert_equal(mit.ndim, mit2.ndim)
+        assert_equal(mit.nd, mit2.nd)
+        assert_equal(mit.numiter, mit2.numiter)
+        assert_(mit.iters[0].base is mit2.iters[0].base)
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.broadcast, 1, **{'x': 1})
+
+    def test_shape_mismatch_error_message(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"arg 0 with shape \(1, 3\) and "
+                                             r"arg 2 with shape \(2,\)"):
+            np.broadcast([[1, 2, 3]], [[4], [5]], [6, 7])
+
+
+class TestKeepdims:
+
+    class sub_array(np.ndarray):
+        def sum(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None):
+            return np.ndarray.sum(self, axis, dtype, out, keepdims=True)
+
+    def test_raise(self):
+        sub_class = self.sub_array
+        x = np.arange(30).view(sub_class)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.sum, x, keepdims=True)
+
+
+class TestTensordot:
+
+    def test_zero_dimension(self):
+        # Test resolution to issue #5663
+        a = np.ndarray((3,0))
+        b = np.ndarray((0,4))
+        td = np.tensordot(a, b, (1, 0))
+        assert_array_equal(td, np.dot(a, b))
+        assert_array_equal(td, np.einsum('ij,jk', a, b))
+
+    def test_zero_dimensional(self):
+        # gh-12130
+        arr_0d = np.array(1)
+        ret = np.tensordot(arr_0d, arr_0d, ([], []))  # contracting no axes is well defined
+        assert_array_equal(ret, arr_0d)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_numerictypes.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_numerictypes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bab5bf24666410d841be2ee4c232693e4b2c5195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_numerictypes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,570 @@
+import sys
+import itertools
+
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, IS_PYPY
+
+# This is the structure of the table used for plain objects:
+#
+# +-+-+-+
+# |x|y|z|
+# +-+-+-+
+
+# Structure of a plain array description:
+Pdescr = [
+    ('x', 'i4', (2,)),
+    ('y', 'f8', (2, 2)),
+    ('z', 'u1')]
+
+# A plain list of tuples with values for testing:
+PbufferT = [
+    # x     y                  z
+    ([3, 2], [[6., 4.], [6., 4.]], 8),
+    ([4, 3], [[7., 5.], [7., 5.]], 9),
+    ]
+
+
+# This is the structure of the table used for nested objects (DON'T PANIC!):
+#
+# +-+---------------------------------+-----+----------+-+-+
+# |x|Info                             |color|info      |y|z|
+# | +-----+--+----------------+----+--+     +----+-----+ | |
+# | |value|y2|Info2           |name|z2|     |Name|Value| | |
+# | |     |  +----+-----+--+--+    |  |     |    |     | | |
+# | |     |  |name|value|y3|z3|    |  |     |    |     | | |
+# +-+-----+--+----+-----+--+--+----+--+-----+----+-----+-+-+
+#
+
+# The corresponding nested array description:
+Ndescr = [
+    ('x', 'i4', (2,)),
+    ('Info', [
+        ('value', 'c16'),
+        ('y2', 'f8'),
+        ('Info2', [
+            ('name', 'S2'),
+            ('value', 'c16', (2,)),
+            ('y3', 'f8', (2,)),
+            ('z3', 'u4', (2,))]),
+        ('name', 'S2'),
+        ('z2', 'b1')]),
+    ('color', 'S2'),
+    ('info', [
+        ('Name', 'U8'),
+        ('Value', 'c16')]),
+    ('y', 'f8', (2, 2)),
+    ('z', 'u1')]
+
+NbufferT = [
+    # x     Info                                                color info        y                  z
+    #       value y2 Info2                            name z2         Name Value
+    #                name   value    y3       z3
+    ([3, 2], (6j, 6., (b'nn', [6j, 4j], [6., 4.], [1, 2]), b'NN', True),
+     b'cc', ('NN', 6j), [[6., 4.], [6., 4.]], 8),
+    ([4, 3], (7j, 7., (b'oo', [7j, 5j], [7., 5.], [2, 1]), b'OO', False),
+     b'dd', ('OO', 7j), [[7., 5.], [7., 5.]], 9),
+    ]
+
+
+byteorder = {'little':'<', 'big':'>'}[sys.byteorder]
+
+def normalize_descr(descr):
+    "Normalize a description adding the platform byteorder."
+
+    out = []
+    for item in descr:
+        dtype = item[1]
+        if isinstance(dtype, str):
+            if dtype[0] not in ['|', '<', '>']:
+                onebyte = dtype[1:] == "1"
+                if onebyte or dtype[0] in ['S', 'V', 'b']:
+                    dtype = "|" + dtype
+                else:
+                    dtype = byteorder + dtype
+            if len(item) > 2 and np.prod(item[2]) > 1:
+                nitem = (item[0], dtype, item[2])
+            else:
+                nitem = (item[0], dtype)
+            out.append(nitem)
+        elif isinstance(dtype, list):
+            l = normalize_descr(dtype)
+            out.append((item[0], l))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Expected a str or list and got %s" %
+                             (type(item)))
+    return out
+
+
+############################################################
+#    Creation tests
+############################################################
+
+class CreateZeros:
+    """Check the creation of heterogeneous arrays zero-valued"""
+
+    def test_zeros0D(self):
+        """Check creation of 0-dimensional objects"""
+        h = np.zeros((), dtype=self._descr)
+        assert_(normalize_descr(self._descr) == h.dtype.descr)
+        assert_(h.dtype.fields['x'][0].name[:4] == 'void')
+        assert_(h.dtype.fields['x'][0].char == 'V')
+        assert_(h.dtype.fields['x'][0].type == np.void)
+        # A small check that data is ok
+        assert_equal(h['z'], np.zeros((), dtype='u1'))
+
+    def test_zerosSD(self):
+        """Check creation of single-dimensional objects"""
+        h = np.zeros((2,), dtype=self._descr)
+        assert_(normalize_descr(self._descr) == h.dtype.descr)
+        assert_(h.dtype['y'].name[:4] == 'void')
+        assert_(h.dtype['y'].char == 'V')
+        assert_(h.dtype['y'].type == np.void)
+        # A small check that data is ok
+        assert_equal(h['z'], np.zeros((2,), dtype='u1'))
+
+    def test_zerosMD(self):
+        """Check creation of multi-dimensional objects"""
+        h = np.zeros((2, 3), dtype=self._descr)
+        assert_(normalize_descr(self._descr) == h.dtype.descr)
+        assert_(h.dtype['z'].name == 'uint8')
+        assert_(h.dtype['z'].char == 'B')
+        assert_(h.dtype['z'].type == np.uint8)
+        # A small check that data is ok
+        assert_equal(h['z'], np.zeros((2, 3), dtype='u1'))
+
+
+class TestCreateZerosPlain(CreateZeros):
+    """Check the creation of heterogeneous arrays zero-valued (plain)"""
+    _descr = Pdescr
+
+class TestCreateZerosNested(CreateZeros):
+    """Check the creation of heterogeneous arrays zero-valued (nested)"""
+    _descr = Ndescr
+
+
+class CreateValues:
+    """Check the creation of heterogeneous arrays with values"""
+
+    def test_tuple(self):
+        """Check creation from tuples"""
+        h = np.array(self._buffer, dtype=self._descr)
+        assert_(normalize_descr(self._descr) == h.dtype.descr)
+        if self.multiple_rows:
+            assert_(h.shape == (2,))
+        else:
+            assert_(h.shape == ())
+
+    def test_list_of_tuple(self):
+        """Check creation from list of tuples"""
+        h = np.array([self._buffer], dtype=self._descr)
+        assert_(normalize_descr(self._descr) == h.dtype.descr)
+        if self.multiple_rows:
+            assert_(h.shape == (1, 2))
+        else:
+            assert_(h.shape == (1,))
+
+    def test_list_of_list_of_tuple(self):
+        """Check creation from list of list of tuples"""
+        h = np.array([[self._buffer]], dtype=self._descr)
+        assert_(normalize_descr(self._descr) == h.dtype.descr)
+        if self.multiple_rows:
+            assert_(h.shape == (1, 1, 2))
+        else:
+            assert_(h.shape == (1, 1))
+
+
+class TestCreateValuesPlainSingle(CreateValues):
+    """Check the creation of heterogeneous arrays (plain, single row)"""
+    _descr = Pdescr
+    multiple_rows = 0
+    _buffer = PbufferT[0]
+
+class TestCreateValuesPlainMultiple(CreateValues):
+    """Check the creation of heterogeneous arrays (plain, multiple rows)"""
+    _descr = Pdescr
+    multiple_rows = 1
+    _buffer = PbufferT
+
+class TestCreateValuesNestedSingle(CreateValues):
+    """Check the creation of heterogeneous arrays (nested, single row)"""
+    _descr = Ndescr
+    multiple_rows = 0
+    _buffer = NbufferT[0]
+
+class TestCreateValuesNestedMultiple(CreateValues):
+    """Check the creation of heterogeneous arrays (nested, multiple rows)"""
+    _descr = Ndescr
+    multiple_rows = 1
+    _buffer = NbufferT
+
+
+############################################################
+#    Reading tests
+############################################################
+
+class ReadValuesPlain:
+    """Check the reading of values in heterogeneous arrays (plain)"""
+
+    def test_access_fields(self):
+        h = np.array(self._buffer, dtype=self._descr)
+        if not self.multiple_rows:
+            assert_(h.shape == ())
+            assert_equal(h['x'], np.array(self._buffer[0], dtype='i4'))
+            assert_equal(h['y'], np.array(self._buffer[1], dtype='f8'))
+            assert_equal(h['z'], np.array(self._buffer[2], dtype='u1'))
+        else:
+            assert_(len(h) == 2)
+            assert_equal(h['x'], np.array([self._buffer[0][0],
+                                             self._buffer[1][0]], dtype='i4'))
+            assert_equal(h['y'], np.array([self._buffer[0][1],
+                                             self._buffer[1][1]], dtype='f8'))
+            assert_equal(h['z'], np.array([self._buffer[0][2],
+                                             self._buffer[1][2]], dtype='u1'))
+
+
+class TestReadValuesPlainSingle(ReadValuesPlain):
+    """Check the creation of heterogeneous arrays (plain, single row)"""
+    _descr = Pdescr
+    multiple_rows = 0
+    _buffer = PbufferT[0]
+
+class TestReadValuesPlainMultiple(ReadValuesPlain):
+    """Check the values of heterogeneous arrays (plain, multiple rows)"""
+    _descr = Pdescr
+    multiple_rows = 1
+    _buffer = PbufferT
+
+class ReadValuesNested:
+    """Check the reading of values in heterogeneous arrays (nested)"""
+
+    def test_access_top_fields(self):
+        """Check reading the top fields of a nested array"""
+        h = np.array(self._buffer, dtype=self._descr)
+        if not self.multiple_rows:
+            assert_(h.shape == ())
+            assert_equal(h['x'], np.array(self._buffer[0], dtype='i4'))
+            assert_equal(h['y'], np.array(self._buffer[4], dtype='f8'))
+            assert_equal(h['z'], np.array(self._buffer[5], dtype='u1'))
+        else:
+            assert_(len(h) == 2)
+            assert_equal(h['x'], np.array([self._buffer[0][0],
+                                           self._buffer[1][0]], dtype='i4'))
+            assert_equal(h['y'], np.array([self._buffer[0][4],
+                                           self._buffer[1][4]], dtype='f8'))
+            assert_equal(h['z'], np.array([self._buffer[0][5],
+                                           self._buffer[1][5]], dtype='u1'))
+
+    def test_nested1_acessors(self):
+        """Check reading the nested fields of a nested array (1st level)"""
+        h = np.array(self._buffer, dtype=self._descr)
+        if not self.multiple_rows:
+            assert_equal(h['Info']['value'],
+                         np.array(self._buffer[1][0], dtype='c16'))
+            assert_equal(h['Info']['y2'],
+                         np.array(self._buffer[1][1], dtype='f8'))
+            assert_equal(h['info']['Name'],
+                         np.array(self._buffer[3][0], dtype='U2'))
+            assert_equal(h['info']['Value'],
+                         np.array(self._buffer[3][1], dtype='c16'))
+        else:
+            assert_equal(h['Info']['value'],
+                         np.array([self._buffer[0][1][0],
+                                self._buffer[1][1][0]],
+                                dtype='c16'))
+            assert_equal(h['Info']['y2'],
+                         np.array([self._buffer[0][1][1],
+                                self._buffer[1][1][1]],
+                                dtype='f8'))
+            assert_equal(h['info']['Name'],
+                         np.array([self._buffer[0][3][0],
+                                self._buffer[1][3][0]],
+                               dtype='U2'))
+            assert_equal(h['info']['Value'],
+                         np.array([self._buffer[0][3][1],
+                                self._buffer[1][3][1]],
+                               dtype='c16'))
+
+    def test_nested2_acessors(self):
+        """Check reading the nested fields of a nested array (2nd level)"""
+        h = np.array(self._buffer, dtype=self._descr)
+        if not self.multiple_rows:
+            assert_equal(h['Info']['Info2']['value'],
+                         np.array(self._buffer[1][2][1], dtype='c16'))
+            assert_equal(h['Info']['Info2']['z3'],
+                         np.array(self._buffer[1][2][3], dtype='u4'))
+        else:
+            assert_equal(h['Info']['Info2']['value'],
+                         np.array([self._buffer[0][1][2][1],
+                                self._buffer[1][1][2][1]],
+                               dtype='c16'))
+            assert_equal(h['Info']['Info2']['z3'],
+                         np.array([self._buffer[0][1][2][3],
+                                self._buffer[1][1][2][3]],
+                               dtype='u4'))
+
+    def test_nested1_descriptor(self):
+        """Check access nested descriptors of a nested array (1st level)"""
+        h = np.array(self._buffer, dtype=self._descr)
+        assert_(h.dtype['Info']['value'].name == 'complex128')
+        assert_(h.dtype['Info']['y2'].name == 'float64')
+        assert_(h.dtype['info']['Name'].name == 'str256')
+        assert_(h.dtype['info']['Value'].name == 'complex128')
+
+    def test_nested2_descriptor(self):
+        """Check access nested descriptors of a nested array (2nd level)"""
+        h = np.array(self._buffer, dtype=self._descr)
+        assert_(h.dtype['Info']['Info2']['value'].name == 'void256')
+        assert_(h.dtype['Info']['Info2']['z3'].name == 'void64')
+
+
+class TestReadValuesNestedSingle(ReadValuesNested):
+    """Check the values of heterogeneous arrays (nested, single row)"""
+    _descr = Ndescr
+    multiple_rows = False
+    _buffer = NbufferT[0]
+
+class TestReadValuesNestedMultiple(ReadValuesNested):
+    """Check the values of heterogeneous arrays (nested, multiple rows)"""
+    _descr = Ndescr
+    multiple_rows = True
+    _buffer = NbufferT
+
+class TestEmptyField:
+    def test_assign(self):
+        a = np.arange(10, dtype=np.float32)
+        a.dtype = [("int",   "<0i4"), ("float", "<2f4")]
+        assert_(a['int'].shape == (5, 0))
+        assert_(a['float'].shape == (5, 2))
+
+class TestCommonType:
+    def test_scalar_loses1(self):
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="np.find_common_type"):
+            res = np.find_common_type(['f4', 'f4', 'i2'], ['f8'])
+        assert_(res == 'f4')
+
+    def test_scalar_loses2(self):
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="np.find_common_type"):
+            res = np.find_common_type(['f4', 'f4'], ['i8'])
+        assert_(res == 'f4')
+
+    def test_scalar_wins(self):
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="np.find_common_type"):
+            res = np.find_common_type(['f4', 'f4', 'i2'], ['c8'])
+        assert_(res == 'c8')
+
+    def test_scalar_wins2(self):
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="np.find_common_type"):
+            res = np.find_common_type(['u4', 'i4', 'i4'], ['f4'])
+        assert_(res == 'f8')
+
+    def test_scalar_wins3(self):  # doesn't go up to 'f16' on purpose
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="np.find_common_type"):
+            res = np.find_common_type(['u8', 'i8', 'i8'], ['f8'])
+        assert_(res == 'f8')
+
+class TestMultipleFields:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.ary = np.array([(1, 2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8)], dtype='i4,f4,i2,c8')
+
+    def _bad_call(self):
+        return self.ary['f0', 'f1']
+
+    def test_no_tuple(self):
+        assert_raises(IndexError, self._bad_call)
+
+    def test_return(self):
+        res = self.ary[['f0', 'f2']].tolist()
+        assert_(res == [(1, 3), (5, 7)])
+
+
+class TestIsSubDType:
+    # scalar types can be promoted into dtypes
+    wrappers = [np.dtype, lambda x: x]
+
+    def test_both_abstract(self):
+        assert_(np.issubdtype(np.floating, np.inexact))
+        assert_(not np.issubdtype(np.inexact, np.floating))
+
+    def test_same(self):
+        for cls in (np.float32, np.int32):
+            for w1, w2 in itertools.product(self.wrappers, repeat=2):
+                assert_(np.issubdtype(w1(cls), w2(cls)))
+
+    def test_subclass(self):
+        # note we cannot promote floating to a dtype, as it would turn into a
+        # concrete type
+        for w in self.wrappers:
+            assert_(np.issubdtype(w(np.float32), np.floating))
+            assert_(np.issubdtype(w(np.float64), np.floating))
+
+    def test_subclass_backwards(self):
+        for w in self.wrappers:
+            assert_(not np.issubdtype(np.floating, w(np.float32)))
+            assert_(not np.issubdtype(np.floating, w(np.float64)))
+
+    def test_sibling_class(self):
+        for w1, w2 in itertools.product(self.wrappers, repeat=2):
+            assert_(not np.issubdtype(w1(np.float32), w2(np.float64)))
+            assert_(not np.issubdtype(w1(np.float64), w2(np.float32)))
+
+    def test_nondtype_nonscalartype(self):
+        # See gh-14619 and gh-9505 which introduced the deprecation to fix
+        # this. These tests are directly taken from gh-9505
+        assert not np.issubdtype(np.float32, 'float64')
+        assert not np.issubdtype(np.float32, 'f8')
+        assert not np.issubdtype(np.int32, str)
+        assert not np.issubdtype(np.int32, 'int64')
+        assert not np.issubdtype(np.str_, 'void')
+        # for the following the correct spellings are
+        # np.integer, np.floating, or np.complexfloating respectively:
+        assert not np.issubdtype(np.int8, int)  # np.int8 is never np.int_
+        assert not np.issubdtype(np.float32, float)
+        assert not np.issubdtype(np.complex64, complex)
+        assert not np.issubdtype(np.float32, "float")
+        assert not np.issubdtype(np.float64, "f")
+
+        # Test the same for the correct first datatype and abstract one
+        # in the case of int, float, complex:
+        assert np.issubdtype(np.float64, 'float64')
+        assert np.issubdtype(np.float64, 'f8')
+        assert np.issubdtype(np.str_, str)
+        assert np.issubdtype(np.int64, 'int64')
+        assert np.issubdtype(np.void, 'void')
+        assert np.issubdtype(np.int8, np.integer)
+        assert np.issubdtype(np.float32, np.floating)
+        assert np.issubdtype(np.complex64, np.complexfloating)
+        assert np.issubdtype(np.float64, "float")
+        assert np.issubdtype(np.float32, "f")
+
+
+class TestSctypeDict:
+    def test_longdouble(self):
+        assert_(np.sctypeDict['f8'] is not np.longdouble)
+        assert_(np.sctypeDict['c16'] is not np.clongdouble)
+
+    def test_ulong(self):
+        # Test that 'ulong' behaves like 'long'. np.sctypeDict['long'] is an
+        # alias for np.int_, but np.long is not supported for historical
+        # reasons (gh-21063)
+        assert_(np.sctypeDict['ulong'] is np.uint)
+        with pytest.warns(FutureWarning):
+            # We will probably allow this in the future:
+            assert not hasattr(np, 'ulong')
+
+class TestBitName:
+    def test_abstract(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.core.numerictypes.bitname, np.floating)
+
+
+class TestMaximumSctype:
+
+    # note that parametrizing with sctype['int'] and similar would skip types
+    # with the same size (gh-11923)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t', [np.byte, np.short, np.intc, np.int_, np.longlong])
+    def test_int(self, t):
+        assert_equal(np.maximum_sctype(t), np.sctypes['int'][-1])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t', [np.ubyte, np.ushort, np.uintc, np.uint, np.ulonglong])
+    def test_uint(self, t):
+        assert_equal(np.maximum_sctype(t), np.sctypes['uint'][-1])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t', [np.half, np.single, np.double, np.longdouble])
+    def test_float(self, t):
+        assert_equal(np.maximum_sctype(t), np.sctypes['float'][-1])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t', [np.csingle, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble])
+    def test_complex(self, t):
+        assert_equal(np.maximum_sctype(t), np.sctypes['complex'][-1])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t', [np.bool_, np.object_, np.str_, np.bytes_,
+                                   np.void])
+    def test_other(self, t):
+        assert_equal(np.maximum_sctype(t), t)
+
+
+class Test_sctype2char:
+    # This function is old enough that we're really just documenting the quirks
+    # at this point.
+
+    def test_scalar_type(self):
+        assert_equal(np.sctype2char(np.double), 'd')
+        assert_equal(np.sctype2char(np.int_), 'l')
+        assert_equal(np.sctype2char(np.str_), 'U')
+        assert_equal(np.sctype2char(np.bytes_), 'S')
+
+    def test_other_type(self):
+        assert_equal(np.sctype2char(float), 'd')
+        assert_equal(np.sctype2char(list), 'O')
+        assert_equal(np.sctype2char(np.ndarray), 'O')
+
+    def test_third_party_scalar_type(self):
+        from numpy.core._rational_tests import rational
+        assert_raises(KeyError, np.sctype2char, rational)
+        assert_raises(KeyError, np.sctype2char, rational(1))
+
+    def test_array_instance(self):
+        assert_equal(np.sctype2char(np.array([1.0, 2.0])), 'd')
+
+    def test_abstract_type(self):
+        assert_raises(KeyError, np.sctype2char, np.floating)
+
+    def test_non_type(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.sctype2char, 1)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("rep, expected", [
+    (np.int32, True),
+    (list, False),
+    (1.1, False),
+    (str, True),
+    (np.dtype(np.float64), True),
+    (np.dtype((np.int16, (3, 4))), True),
+    (np.dtype([('a', np.int8)]), True),
+    ])
+def test_issctype(rep, expected):
+    # ensure proper identification of scalar
+    # data-types by issctype()
+    actual = np.issctype(rep)
+    assert_equal(actual, expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.flags.optimize > 1,
+                    reason="no docstrings present to inspect when PYTHONOPTIMIZE/Py_OptimizeFlag > 1")
+@pytest.mark.xfail(IS_PYPY,
+                   reason="PyPy cannot modify tp_doc after PyType_Ready")
+class TestDocStrings:
+    def test_platform_dependent_aliases(self):
+        if np.int64 is np.int_:
+            assert_('int64' in np.int_.__doc__)
+        elif np.int64 is np.longlong:
+            assert_('int64' in np.longlong.__doc__)
+
+
+class TestScalarTypeNames:
+    # gh-9799
+
+    numeric_types = [
+        np.byte, np.short, np.intc, np.int_, np.longlong,
+        np.ubyte, np.ushort, np.uintc, np.uint, np.ulonglong,
+        np.half, np.single, np.double, np.longdouble,
+        np.csingle, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble,
+    ]
+
+    def test_names_are_unique(self):
+        # none of the above may be aliases for each other
+        assert len(set(self.numeric_types)) == len(self.numeric_types)
+
+        # names must be unique
+        names = [t.__name__ for t in self.numeric_types]
+        assert len(set(names)) == len(names)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t', numeric_types)
+    def test_names_reflect_attributes(self, t):
+        """ Test that names correspond to where the type is under ``np.`` """
+        assert getattr(np, t.__name__) is t
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t', numeric_types)
+    def test_names_are_undersood_by_dtype(self, t):
+        """ Test the dtype constructor maps names back to the type """
+        assert np.dtype(t.__name__).type is t
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_numpy_2_0_compat.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_numpy_2_0_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5224261fd29a5365acec0521b10b5a834b77aff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_numpy_2_0_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+from os import path
+import pickle
+
+import numpy as np
+
+
+class TestNumPy2Compatibility:
+
+    data_dir = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), "data")
+    filename = path.join(data_dir, "numpy_2_0_array.pkl")
+
+    def test_importable__core_stubs(self):
+        """
+        Checks if stubs for `numpy._core` are importable.
+        """
+        from numpy._core.multiarray import _reconstruct
+        from numpy._core.umath import cos
+        from numpy._core._multiarray_umath import exp
+        from numpy._core._internal import ndarray
+        from numpy._core._dtype import _construction_repr
+        from numpy._core._dtype_ctypes import dtype_from_ctypes_type
+
+    def test_unpickle_numpy_2_0_file(self):
+        """
+        Checks that NumPy 1.26 and pickle is able to load pickles
+        created with NumPy 2.0 without errors/warnings.
+        """
+        with open(self.filename, mode="rb") as file:
+            content = file.read()
+
+        # Let's make sure that the pickle object we're loading
+        # was built with NumPy 2.0.
+        assert b"numpy._core.multiarray" in content
+
+        arr = pickle.loads(content, encoding="latin1")
+
+        assert isinstance(arr, np.ndarray)
+        assert arr.shape == (73,) and arr.dtype == np.float64
+
+    def test_numpy_load_numpy_2_0_file(self):
+        """
+        Checks that `numpy.load` for NumPy 1.26 is able to load pickles
+        created with NumPy 2.0 without errors/warnings.
+        """
+        arr = np.load(self.filename, encoding="latin1", allow_pickle=True)
+
+        assert isinstance(arr, np.ndarray)
+        assert arr.shape == (73,) and arr.dtype == np.float64
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_overrides.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_overrides.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5924358eaba9081fbf9825dc78044c5cfff53500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_overrides.py
@@ -0,0 +1,759 @@
+import inspect
+import sys
+import os
+import tempfile
+from io import StringIO
+from unittest import mock
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_raises_regex)
+from numpy.core.overrides import (
+    _get_implementing_args, array_function_dispatch,
+    verify_matching_signatures)
+from numpy.compat import pickle
+import pytest
+
+
+def _return_not_implemented(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return NotImplemented
+
+
+# need to define this at the top level to test pickling
+@array_function_dispatch(lambda array: (array,))
+def dispatched_one_arg(array):
+    """Docstring."""
+    return 'original'
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(lambda array1, array2: (array1, array2))
+def dispatched_two_arg(array1, array2):
+    """Docstring."""
+    return 'original'
+
+
+class TestGetImplementingArgs:
+
+    def test_ndarray(self):
+        array = np.array(1)
+
+        args = _get_implementing_args([array])
+        assert_equal(list(args), [array])
+
+        args = _get_implementing_args([array, array])
+        assert_equal(list(args), [array])
+
+        args = _get_implementing_args([array, 1])
+        assert_equal(list(args), [array])
+
+        args = _get_implementing_args([1, array])
+        assert_equal(list(args), [array])
+
+    def test_ndarray_subclasses(self):
+
+        class OverrideSub(np.ndarray):
+            __array_function__ = _return_not_implemented
+
+        class NoOverrideSub(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        array = np.array(1).view(np.ndarray)
+        override_sub = np.array(1).view(OverrideSub)
+        no_override_sub = np.array(1).view(NoOverrideSub)
+
+        args = _get_implementing_args([array, override_sub])
+        assert_equal(list(args), [override_sub, array])
+
+        args = _get_implementing_args([array, no_override_sub])
+        assert_equal(list(args), [no_override_sub, array])
+
+        args = _get_implementing_args(
+            [override_sub, no_override_sub])
+        assert_equal(list(args), [override_sub, no_override_sub])
+
+    def test_ndarray_and_duck_array(self):
+
+        class Other:
+            __array_function__ = _return_not_implemented
+
+        array = np.array(1)
+        other = Other()
+
+        args = _get_implementing_args([other, array])
+        assert_equal(list(args), [other, array])
+
+        args = _get_implementing_args([array, other])
+        assert_equal(list(args), [array, other])
+
+    def test_ndarray_subclass_and_duck_array(self):
+
+        class OverrideSub(np.ndarray):
+            __array_function__ = _return_not_implemented
+
+        class Other:
+            __array_function__ = _return_not_implemented
+
+        array = np.array(1)
+        subarray = np.array(1).view(OverrideSub)
+        other = Other()
+
+        assert_equal(_get_implementing_args([array, subarray, other]),
+                     [subarray, array, other])
+        assert_equal(_get_implementing_args([array, other, subarray]),
+                     [subarray, array, other])
+
+    def test_many_duck_arrays(self):
+
+        class A:
+            __array_function__ = _return_not_implemented
+
+        class B(A):
+            __array_function__ = _return_not_implemented
+
+        class C(A):
+            __array_function__ = _return_not_implemented
+
+        class D:
+            __array_function__ = _return_not_implemented
+
+        a = A()
+        b = B()
+        c = C()
+        d = D()
+
+        assert_equal(_get_implementing_args([1]), [])
+        assert_equal(_get_implementing_args([a]), [a])
+        assert_equal(_get_implementing_args([a, 1]), [a])
+        assert_equal(_get_implementing_args([a, a, a]), [a])
+        assert_equal(_get_implementing_args([a, d, a]), [a, d])
+        assert_equal(_get_implementing_args([a, b]), [b, a])
+        assert_equal(_get_implementing_args([b, a]), [b, a])
+        assert_equal(_get_implementing_args([a, b, c]), [b, c, a])
+        assert_equal(_get_implementing_args([a, c, b]), [c, b, a])
+
+    def test_too_many_duck_arrays(self):
+        namespace = dict(__array_function__=_return_not_implemented)
+        types = [type('A' + str(i), (object,), namespace) for i in range(33)]
+        relevant_args = [t() for t in types]
+
+        actual = _get_implementing_args(relevant_args[:32])
+        assert_equal(actual, relevant_args[:32])
+
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, 'distinct argument types'):
+            _get_implementing_args(relevant_args)
+
+
+class TestNDArrayArrayFunction:
+
+    def test_method(self):
+
+        class Other:
+            __array_function__ = _return_not_implemented
+
+        class NoOverrideSub(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        class OverrideSub(np.ndarray):
+            __array_function__ = _return_not_implemented
+
+        array = np.array([1])
+        other = Other()
+        no_override_sub = array.view(NoOverrideSub)
+        override_sub = array.view(OverrideSub)
+
+        result = array.__array_function__(func=dispatched_two_arg,
+                                          types=(np.ndarray,),
+                                          args=(array, 1.), kwargs={})
+        assert_equal(result, 'original')
+
+        result = array.__array_function__(func=dispatched_two_arg,
+                                          types=(np.ndarray, Other),
+                                          args=(array, other), kwargs={})
+        assert_(result is NotImplemented)
+
+        result = array.__array_function__(func=dispatched_two_arg,
+                                          types=(np.ndarray, NoOverrideSub),
+                                          args=(array, no_override_sub),
+                                          kwargs={})
+        assert_equal(result, 'original')
+
+        result = array.__array_function__(func=dispatched_two_arg,
+                                          types=(np.ndarray, OverrideSub),
+                                          args=(array, override_sub),
+                                          kwargs={})
+        assert_equal(result, 'original')
+
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, 'no implementation found'):
+            np.concatenate((array, other))
+
+        expected = np.concatenate((array, array))
+        result = np.concatenate((array, no_override_sub))
+        assert_equal(result, expected.view(NoOverrideSub))
+        result = np.concatenate((array, override_sub))
+        assert_equal(result, expected.view(OverrideSub))
+
+    def test_no_wrapper(self):
+        # This shouldn't happen unless a user intentionally calls
+        # __array_function__ with invalid arguments, but check that we raise
+        # an appropriate error all the same.
+        array = np.array(1)
+        func = lambda x: x
+        with assert_raises_regex(AttributeError, '_implementation'):
+            array.__array_function__(func=func, types=(np.ndarray,),
+                                     args=(array,), kwargs={})
+
+
+class TestArrayFunctionDispatch:
+
+    def test_pickle(self):
+        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            roundtripped = pickle.loads(
+                    pickle.dumps(dispatched_one_arg, protocol=proto))
+            assert_(roundtripped is dispatched_one_arg)
+
+    def test_name_and_docstring(self):
+        assert_equal(dispatched_one_arg.__name__, 'dispatched_one_arg')
+        if sys.flags.optimize < 2:
+            assert_equal(dispatched_one_arg.__doc__, 'Docstring.')
+
+    def test_interface(self):
+
+        class MyArray:
+            def __array_function__(self, func, types, args, kwargs):
+                return (self, func, types, args, kwargs)
+
+        original = MyArray()
+        (obj, func, types, args, kwargs) = dispatched_one_arg(original)
+        assert_(obj is original)
+        assert_(func is dispatched_one_arg)
+        assert_equal(set(types), {MyArray})
+        # assert_equal uses the overloaded np.iscomplexobj() internally
+        assert_(args == (original,))
+        assert_equal(kwargs, {})
+
+    def test_not_implemented(self):
+
+        class MyArray:
+            def __array_function__(self, func, types, args, kwargs):
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        array = MyArray()
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, 'no implementation found'):
+            dispatched_one_arg(array)
+
+    def test_where_dispatch(self):
+
+        class DuckArray:
+            def __array_function__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                return "overridden"
+
+        array = np.array(1)
+        duck_array = DuckArray()
+
+        result = np.std(array, where=duck_array)
+
+        assert_equal(result, "overridden")
+
+
+class TestVerifyMatchingSignatures:
+
+    def test_verify_matching_signatures(self):
+
+        verify_matching_signatures(lambda x: 0, lambda x: 0)
+        verify_matching_signatures(lambda x=None: 0, lambda x=None: 0)
+        verify_matching_signatures(lambda x=1: 0, lambda x=None: 0)
+
+        with assert_raises(RuntimeError):
+            verify_matching_signatures(lambda a: 0, lambda b: 0)
+        with assert_raises(RuntimeError):
+            verify_matching_signatures(lambda x: 0, lambda x=None: 0)
+        with assert_raises(RuntimeError):
+            verify_matching_signatures(lambda x=None: 0, lambda y=None: 0)
+        with assert_raises(RuntimeError):
+            verify_matching_signatures(lambda x=1: 0, lambda y=1: 0)
+
+    def test_array_function_dispatch(self):
+
+        with assert_raises(RuntimeError):
+            @array_function_dispatch(lambda x: (x,))
+            def f(y):
+                pass
+
+        # should not raise
+        @array_function_dispatch(lambda x: (x,), verify=False)
+        def f(y):
+            pass
+
+
+def _new_duck_type_and_implements():
+    """Create a duck array type and implements functions."""
+    HANDLED_FUNCTIONS = {}
+
+    class MyArray:
+        def __array_function__(self, func, types, args, kwargs):
+            if func not in HANDLED_FUNCTIONS:
+                return NotImplemented
+            if not all(issubclass(t, MyArray) for t in types):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return HANDLED_FUNCTIONS[func](*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def implements(numpy_function):
+        """Register an __array_function__ implementations."""
+        def decorator(func):
+            HANDLED_FUNCTIONS[numpy_function] = func
+            return func
+        return decorator
+
+    return (MyArray, implements)
+
+
+class TestArrayFunctionImplementation:
+
+    def test_one_arg(self):
+        MyArray, implements = _new_duck_type_and_implements()
+
+        @implements(dispatched_one_arg)
+        def _(array):
+            return 'myarray'
+
+        assert_equal(dispatched_one_arg(1), 'original')
+        assert_equal(dispatched_one_arg(MyArray()), 'myarray')
+
+    def test_optional_args(self):
+        MyArray, implements = _new_duck_type_and_implements()
+
+        @array_function_dispatch(lambda array, option=None: (array,))
+        def func_with_option(array, option='default'):
+            return option
+
+        @implements(func_with_option)
+        def my_array_func_with_option(array, new_option='myarray'):
+            return new_option
+
+        # we don't need to implement every option on __array_function__
+        # implementations
+        assert_equal(func_with_option(1), 'default')
+        assert_equal(func_with_option(1, option='extra'), 'extra')
+        assert_equal(func_with_option(MyArray()), 'myarray')
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            func_with_option(MyArray(), option='extra')
+
+        # but new options on implementations can't be used
+        result = my_array_func_with_option(MyArray(), new_option='yes')
+        assert_equal(result, 'yes')
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            func_with_option(MyArray(), new_option='no')
+
+    def test_not_implemented(self):
+        MyArray, implements = _new_duck_type_and_implements()
+
+        @array_function_dispatch(lambda array: (array,), module='my')
+        def func(array):
+            return array
+
+        array = np.array(1)
+        assert_(func(array) is array)
+        assert_equal(func.__module__, 'my')
+
+        with assert_raises_regex(
+                TypeError, "no implementation found for 'my.func'"):
+            func(MyArray())
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["concatenate", "mean", "asarray"])
+    def test_signature_error_message_simple(self, name):
+        func = getattr(np, name)
+        try:
+            # all of these functions need an argument:
+            func()
+        except TypeError as e:
+            exc = e
+
+        assert exc.args[0].startswith(f"{name}()")
+
+    def test_signature_error_message(self):
+        # The lambda function will be named "", but the TypeError
+        # should show the name as "func"
+        def _dispatcher():
+            return ()
+
+        @array_function_dispatch(_dispatcher)
+        def func():
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            func._implementation(bad_arg=3)
+        except TypeError as e:
+            expected_exception = e
+
+        try:
+            func(bad_arg=3)
+            raise AssertionError("must fail")
+        except TypeError as exc:
+            if exc.args[0].startswith("_dispatcher"):
+                # We replace the qualname currently, but it used `__name__`
+                # (relevant functions have the same name and qualname anyway)
+                pytest.skip("Python version is not using __qualname__ for "
+                            "TypeError formatting.")
+
+            assert exc.args == expected_exception.args
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [234, "this func is not replaced"])
+    def test_dispatcher_error(self, value):
+        # If the dispatcher raises an error, we must not attempt to mutate it
+        error = TypeError(value)
+
+        def dispatcher():
+            raise error
+
+        @array_function_dispatch(dispatcher)
+        def func():
+            return 3
+
+        try:
+            func()
+            raise AssertionError("must fail")
+        except TypeError as exc:
+            assert exc is error  # unmodified exception
+
+    def test_properties(self):
+        # Check that str and repr are sensible
+        func = dispatched_two_arg
+        assert str(func) == str(func._implementation)
+        repr_no_id = repr(func).split("at ")[0]
+        repr_no_id_impl = repr(func._implementation).split("at ")[0]
+        assert repr_no_id == repr_no_id_impl
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("func", [
+            lambda x, y: 0,  # no like argument
+            lambda like=None: 0,  # not keyword only
+            lambda *, like=None, a=3: 0,  # not last (not that it matters)
+        ])
+    def test_bad_like_sig(self, func):
+        # We sanity check the signature, and these should fail.
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            array_function_dispatch()(func)
+
+    def test_bad_like_passing(self):
+        # Cover internal sanity check for passing like as first positional arg
+        def func(*, like=None):
+            pass
+
+        func_with_like = array_function_dispatch()(func)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            func_with_like()
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            func_with_like(like=234)
+
+    def test_too_many_args(self):
+        # Mainly a unit-test to increase coverage
+        objs = []
+        for i in range(40):
+            class MyArr:
+                def __array_function__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                    return NotImplemented
+
+            objs.append(MyArr())
+
+        def _dispatch(*args):
+            return args
+
+        @array_function_dispatch(_dispatch)
+        def func(*args):
+            pass
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="maximum number"):
+            func(*objs)
+
+
+
+class TestNDArrayMethods:
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        # gh-12162: should still be defined even if __array_function__ doesn't
+        # implement np.array_repr()
+
+        class MyArray(np.ndarray):
+            def __array_function__(*args, **kwargs):
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        array = np.array(1).view(MyArray)
+        assert_equal(repr(array), 'MyArray(1)')
+        assert_equal(str(array), '1')
+
+
+class TestNumPyFunctions:
+
+    def test_set_module(self):
+        assert_equal(np.sum.__module__, 'numpy')
+        assert_equal(np.char.equal.__module__, 'numpy.char')
+        assert_equal(np.fft.fft.__module__, 'numpy.fft')
+        assert_equal(np.linalg.solve.__module__, 'numpy.linalg')
+
+    def test_inspect_sum(self):
+        signature = inspect.signature(np.sum)
+        assert_('axis' in signature.parameters)
+
+    def test_override_sum(self):
+        MyArray, implements = _new_duck_type_and_implements()
+
+        @implements(np.sum)
+        def _(array):
+            return 'yes'
+
+        assert_equal(np.sum(MyArray()), 'yes')
+
+    def test_sum_on_mock_array(self):
+
+        # We need a proxy for mocks because __array_function__ is only looked
+        # up in the class dict
+        class ArrayProxy:
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = value
+            def __array_function__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                return self.value.__array_function__(*args, **kwargs)
+            def __array__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                return self.value.__array__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        proxy = ArrayProxy(mock.Mock(spec=ArrayProxy))
+        proxy.value.__array_function__.return_value = 1
+        result = np.sum(proxy)
+        assert_equal(result, 1)
+        proxy.value.__array_function__.assert_called_once_with(
+            np.sum, (ArrayProxy,), (proxy,), {})
+        proxy.value.__array__.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_sum_forwarding_implementation(self):
+
+        class MyArray(np.ndarray):
+
+            def sum(self, axis, out):
+                return 'summed'
+
+            def __array_function__(self, func, types, args, kwargs):
+                return super().__array_function__(func, types, args, kwargs)
+
+        # note: the internal implementation of np.sum() calls the .sum() method
+        array = np.array(1).view(MyArray)
+        assert_equal(np.sum(array), 'summed')
+
+
+class TestArrayLike:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        class MyArray():
+            def __init__(self, function=None):
+                self.function = function
+
+            def __array_function__(self, func, types, args, kwargs):
+                assert func is getattr(np, func.__name__)
+                try:
+                    my_func = getattr(self, func.__name__)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    return NotImplemented
+                return my_func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.MyArray = MyArray
+
+        class MyNoArrayFunctionArray():
+            def __init__(self, function=None):
+                self.function = function
+
+        self.MyNoArrayFunctionArray = MyNoArrayFunctionArray
+
+    def add_method(self, name, arr_class, enable_value_error=False):
+        def _definition(*args, **kwargs):
+            # Check that `like=` isn't propagated downstream
+            assert 'like' not in kwargs
+
+            if enable_value_error and 'value_error' in kwargs:
+                raise ValueError
+
+            return arr_class(getattr(arr_class, name))
+        setattr(arr_class, name, _definition)
+
+    def func_args(*args, **kwargs):
+        return args, kwargs
+
+    def test_array_like_not_implemented(self):
+        self.add_method('array', self.MyArray)
+
+        ref = self.MyArray.array()
+
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, 'no implementation found'):
+            array_like = np.asarray(1, like=ref)
+
+    _array_tests = [
+        ('array', *func_args((1,))),
+        ('asarray', *func_args((1,))),
+        ('asanyarray', *func_args((1,))),
+        ('ascontiguousarray', *func_args((2, 3))),
+        ('asfortranarray', *func_args((2, 3))),
+        ('require', *func_args((np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3),),
+                               requirements=['A', 'F'])),
+        ('empty', *func_args((1,))),
+        ('full', *func_args((1,), 2)),
+        ('ones', *func_args((1,))),
+        ('zeros', *func_args((1,))),
+        ('arange', *func_args(3)),
+        ('frombuffer', *func_args(b'\x00' * 8, dtype=int)),
+        ('fromiter', *func_args(range(3), dtype=int)),
+        ('fromstring', *func_args('1,2', dtype=int, sep=',')),
+        ('loadtxt', *func_args(lambda: StringIO('0 1\n2 3'))),
+        ('genfromtxt', *func_args(lambda: StringIO('1,2.1'),
+                                  dtype=[('int', 'i8'), ('float', 'f8')],
+                                  delimiter=',')),
+    ]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('function, args, kwargs', _array_tests)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('numpy_ref', [True, False])
+    def test_array_like(self, function, args, kwargs, numpy_ref):
+        self.add_method('array', self.MyArray)
+        self.add_method(function, self.MyArray)
+        np_func = getattr(np, function)
+        my_func = getattr(self.MyArray, function)
+
+        if numpy_ref is True:
+            ref = np.array(1)
+        else:
+            ref = self.MyArray.array()
+
+        like_args = tuple(a() if callable(a) else a for a in args)
+        array_like = np_func(*like_args, **kwargs, like=ref)
+
+        if numpy_ref is True:
+            assert type(array_like) is np.ndarray
+
+            np_args = tuple(a() if callable(a) else a for a in args)
+            np_arr = np_func(*np_args, **kwargs)
+
+            # Special-case np.empty to ensure values match
+            if function == "empty":
+                np_arr.fill(1)
+                array_like.fill(1)
+
+            assert_equal(array_like, np_arr)
+        else:
+            assert type(array_like) is self.MyArray
+            assert array_like.function is my_func
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('function, args, kwargs', _array_tests)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('ref', [1, [1], "MyNoArrayFunctionArray"])
+    def test_no_array_function_like(self, function, args, kwargs, ref):
+        self.add_method('array', self.MyNoArrayFunctionArray)
+        self.add_method(function, self.MyNoArrayFunctionArray)
+        np_func = getattr(np, function)
+
+        # Instantiate ref if it's the MyNoArrayFunctionArray class
+        if ref == "MyNoArrayFunctionArray":
+            ref = self.MyNoArrayFunctionArray.array()
+
+        like_args = tuple(a() if callable(a) else a for a in args)
+
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError,
+                'The `like` argument must be an array-like that implements'):
+            np_func(*like_args, **kwargs, like=ref)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('numpy_ref', [True, False])
+    def test_array_like_fromfile(self, numpy_ref):
+        self.add_method('array', self.MyArray)
+        self.add_method("fromfile", self.MyArray)
+
+        if numpy_ref is True:
+            ref = np.array(1)
+        else:
+            ref = self.MyArray.array()
+
+        data = np.random.random(5)
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            fname = os.path.join(tmpdir, "testfile")
+            data.tofile(fname)
+
+            array_like = np.fromfile(fname, like=ref)
+            if numpy_ref is True:
+                assert type(array_like) is np.ndarray
+                np_res = np.fromfile(fname, like=ref)
+                assert_equal(np_res, data)
+                assert_equal(array_like, np_res)
+            else:
+                assert type(array_like) is self.MyArray
+                assert array_like.function is self.MyArray.fromfile
+
+    def test_exception_handling(self):
+        self.add_method('array', self.MyArray, enable_value_error=True)
+
+        ref = self.MyArray.array()
+
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            # Raises the error about `value_error` being invalid first
+            np.array(1, value_error=True, like=ref)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('function, args, kwargs', _array_tests)
+    def test_like_as_none(self, function, args, kwargs):
+        self.add_method('array', self.MyArray)
+        self.add_method(function, self.MyArray)
+        np_func = getattr(np, function)
+
+        like_args = tuple(a() if callable(a) else a for a in args)
+        # required for loadtxt and genfromtxt to init w/o error.
+        like_args_exp = tuple(a() if callable(a) else a for a in args)
+
+        array_like = np_func(*like_args, **kwargs, like=None)
+        expected = np_func(*like_args_exp, **kwargs)
+        # Special-case np.empty to ensure values match
+        if function == "empty":
+            array_like.fill(1)
+            expected.fill(1)
+        assert_equal(array_like, expected)
+
+
+def test_function_like():
+    # We provide a `__get__` implementation, make sure it works
+    assert type(np.mean) is np.core._multiarray_umath._ArrayFunctionDispatcher 
+
+    class MyClass:
+        def __array__(self):
+            # valid argument to mean:
+            return np.arange(3)
+
+        func1 = staticmethod(np.mean)
+        func2 = np.mean
+        func3 = classmethod(np.mean)
+
+    m = MyClass()
+    assert m.func1([10]) == 10
+    assert m.func2() == 1  # mean of the arange
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported operand type"):
+        # Tries to operate on the class
+        m.func3()
+
+    # Manual binding also works (the above may shortcut):
+    bound = np.mean.__get__(m, MyClass)
+    assert bound() == 1
+
+    bound = np.mean.__get__(None, MyClass)  # unbound actually
+    assert bound([10]) == 10
+
+    bound = np.mean.__get__(MyClass)  # classmethod
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported operand type"):
+        bound()
+
+
+def test_scipy_trapz_support_shim():
+    # SciPy 1.10 and earlier "clone" trapz in this way, so we have a
+    # support shim in place: https://github.com/scipy/scipy/issues/17811
+    # That should be removed eventually.  This test copies what SciPy does.
+    # Hopefully removable 1 year after SciPy 1.11; shim added to NumPy 1.25.
+    import types
+    import functools
+
+    def _copy_func(f):
+        # Based on http://stackoverflow.com/a/6528148/190597 (Glenn Maynard)
+        g = types.FunctionType(f.__code__, f.__globals__, name=f.__name__,
+                            argdefs=f.__defaults__, closure=f.__closure__)
+        g = functools.update_wrapper(g, f)
+        g.__kwdefaults__ = f.__kwdefaults__
+        return g
+
+    trapezoid = _copy_func(np.trapz)
+
+    assert np.trapz([1, 2]) == trapezoid([1, 2])
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_print.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_print.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..162686ee00c85b15634b18d5a7393d9d1cc6b17a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_print.py
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import assert_, assert_equal, IS_MUSL
+from numpy.core.tests._locales import CommaDecimalPointLocale
+
+
+from io import StringIO
+
+_REF = {np.inf: 'inf', -np.inf: '-inf', np.nan: 'nan'}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('tp', [np.float32, np.double, np.longdouble])
+def test_float_types(tp):
+    """ Check formatting.
+
+        This is only for the str function, and only for simple types.
+        The precision of np.float32 and np.longdouble aren't the same as the
+        python float precision.
+
+    """
+    for x in [0, 1, -1, 1e20]:
+        assert_equal(str(tp(x)), str(float(x)),
+                     err_msg='Failed str formatting for type %s' % tp)
+
+    if tp(1e16).itemsize > 4:
+        assert_equal(str(tp(1e16)), str(float('1e16')),
+                     err_msg='Failed str formatting for type %s' % tp)
+    else:
+        ref = '1e+16'
+        assert_equal(str(tp(1e16)), ref,
+                     err_msg='Failed str formatting for type %s' % tp)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('tp', [np.float32, np.double, np.longdouble])
+def test_nan_inf_float(tp):
+    """ Check formatting of nan & inf.
+
+        This is only for the str function, and only for simple types.
+        The precision of np.float32 and np.longdouble aren't the same as the
+        python float precision.
+
+    """
+    for x in [np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan]:
+        assert_equal(str(tp(x)), _REF[x],
+                     err_msg='Failed str formatting for type %s' % tp)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('tp', [np.complex64, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble])
+def test_complex_types(tp):
+    """Check formatting of complex types.
+
+        This is only for the str function, and only for simple types.
+        The precision of np.float32 and np.longdouble aren't the same as the
+        python float precision.
+
+    """
+    for x in [0, 1, -1, 1e20]:
+        assert_equal(str(tp(x)), str(complex(x)),
+                     err_msg='Failed str formatting for type %s' % tp)
+        assert_equal(str(tp(x*1j)), str(complex(x*1j)),
+                     err_msg='Failed str formatting for type %s' % tp)
+        assert_equal(str(tp(x + x*1j)), str(complex(x + x*1j)),
+                     err_msg='Failed str formatting for type %s' % tp)
+
+    if tp(1e16).itemsize > 8:
+        assert_equal(str(tp(1e16)), str(complex(1e16)),
+                     err_msg='Failed str formatting for type %s' % tp)
+    else:
+        ref = '(1e+16+0j)'
+        assert_equal(str(tp(1e16)), ref,
+                     err_msg='Failed str formatting for type %s' % tp)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', [np.complex64, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble])
+def test_complex_inf_nan(dtype):
+    """Check inf/nan formatting of complex types."""
+    TESTS = {
+        complex(np.inf, 0): "(inf+0j)",
+        complex(0, np.inf): "infj",
+        complex(-np.inf, 0): "(-inf+0j)",
+        complex(0, -np.inf): "-infj",
+        complex(np.inf, 1): "(inf+1j)",
+        complex(1, np.inf): "(1+infj)",
+        complex(-np.inf, 1): "(-inf+1j)",
+        complex(1, -np.inf): "(1-infj)",
+        complex(np.nan, 0): "(nan+0j)",
+        complex(0, np.nan): "nanj",
+        complex(-np.nan, 0): "(nan+0j)",
+        complex(0, -np.nan): "nanj",
+        complex(np.nan, 1): "(nan+1j)",
+        complex(1, np.nan): "(1+nanj)",
+        complex(-np.nan, 1): "(nan+1j)",
+        complex(1, -np.nan): "(1+nanj)",
+    }
+    for c, s in TESTS.items():
+        assert_equal(str(dtype(c)), s)
+
+
+# print tests
+def _test_redirected_print(x, tp, ref=None):
+    file = StringIO()
+    file_tp = StringIO()
+    stdout = sys.stdout
+    try:
+        sys.stdout = file_tp
+        print(tp(x))
+        sys.stdout = file
+        if ref:
+            print(ref)
+        else:
+            print(x)
+    finally:
+        sys.stdout = stdout
+
+    assert_equal(file.getvalue(), file_tp.getvalue(),
+                 err_msg='print failed for type%s' % tp)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('tp', [np.float32, np.double, np.longdouble])
+def test_float_type_print(tp):
+    """Check formatting when using print """
+    for x in [0, 1, -1, 1e20]:
+        _test_redirected_print(float(x), tp)
+
+    for x in [np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan]:
+        _test_redirected_print(float(x), tp, _REF[x])
+
+    if tp(1e16).itemsize > 4:
+        _test_redirected_print(float(1e16), tp)
+    else:
+        ref = '1e+16'
+        _test_redirected_print(float(1e16), tp, ref)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('tp', [np.complex64, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble])
+def test_complex_type_print(tp):
+    """Check formatting when using print """
+    # We do not create complex with inf/nan directly because the feature is
+    # missing in python < 2.6
+    for x in [0, 1, -1, 1e20]:
+        _test_redirected_print(complex(x), tp)
+
+    if tp(1e16).itemsize > 8:
+        _test_redirected_print(complex(1e16), tp)
+    else:
+        ref = '(1e+16+0j)'
+        _test_redirected_print(complex(1e16), tp, ref)
+
+    _test_redirected_print(complex(np.inf, 1), tp, '(inf+1j)')
+    _test_redirected_print(complex(-np.inf, 1), tp, '(-inf+1j)')
+    _test_redirected_print(complex(-np.nan, 1), tp, '(nan+1j)')
+
+
+def test_scalar_format():
+    """Test the str.format method with NumPy scalar types"""
+    tests = [('{0}', True, np.bool_),
+            ('{0}', False, np.bool_),
+            ('{0:d}', 130, np.uint8),
+            ('{0:d}', 50000, np.uint16),
+            ('{0:d}', 3000000000, np.uint32),
+            ('{0:d}', 15000000000000000000, np.uint64),
+            ('{0:d}', -120, np.int8),
+            ('{0:d}', -30000, np.int16),
+            ('{0:d}', -2000000000, np.int32),
+            ('{0:d}', -7000000000000000000, np.int64),
+            ('{0:g}', 1.5, np.float16),
+            ('{0:g}', 1.5, np.float32),
+            ('{0:g}', 1.5, np.float64),
+            ('{0:g}', 1.5, np.longdouble),
+            ('{0:g}', 1.5+0.5j, np.complex64),
+            ('{0:g}', 1.5+0.5j, np.complex128),
+            ('{0:g}', 1.5+0.5j, np.clongdouble)]
+
+    for (fmat, val, valtype) in tests:
+        try:
+            assert_equal(fmat.format(val), fmat.format(valtype(val)),
+                    "failed with val %s, type %s" % (val, valtype))
+        except ValueError as e:
+            assert_(False,
+               "format raised exception (fmt='%s', val=%s, type=%s, exc='%s')" %
+                            (fmat, repr(val), repr(valtype), str(e)))
+
+
+#
+# Locale tests: scalar types formatting should be independent of the locale
+#
+
+class TestCommaDecimalPointLocale(CommaDecimalPointLocale):
+
+    def test_locale_single(self):
+        assert_equal(str(np.float32(1.2)), str(float(1.2)))
+
+    def test_locale_double(self):
+        assert_equal(str(np.double(1.2)), str(float(1.2)))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_MUSL,
+                        reason="test flaky on musllinux")
+    def test_locale_longdouble(self):
+        assert_equal(str(np.longdouble('1.2')), str(float(1.2)))
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_protocols.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_protocols.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55a2bcf72fad9bfae39f03badf0ae768eb305b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_protocols.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import pytest
+import warnings
+import numpy as np
+
+
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("error")
+def test_getattr_warning():
+    # issue gh-14735: make sure we clear only getattr errors, and let warnings
+    # through
+    class Wrapper:
+        def __init__(self, array):
+            self.array = array
+
+        def __len__(self):
+            return len(self.array)
+
+        def __getitem__(self, item):
+            return type(self)(self.array[item])
+
+        def __getattr__(self, name):
+            if name.startswith("__array_"):
+                warnings.warn("object got converted", UserWarning, stacklevel=1)
+
+            return getattr(self.array, name)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return "".format(self=self)
+
+    array = Wrapper(np.arange(10))
+    with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="object got converted"):
+        np.asarray(array)
+
+
+def test_array_called():
+    class Wrapper:
+        val = '0' * 100
+        def __array__(self, result=None):
+            return np.array([self.val], dtype=object)
+
+
+    wrapped = Wrapper()
+    arr = np.array(wrapped, dtype=str)
+    assert arr.dtype == 'U100'
+    assert arr[0] == Wrapper.val
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_records.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_records.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a76ae2d999780fa7aa245923f24e7fe17cdf038e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_records.py
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+import collections.abc
+import textwrap
+from io import BytesIO
+from os import path
+from pathlib import Path
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_array_equal, assert_array_almost_equal,
+    assert_raises, temppath,
+    )
+from numpy.compat import pickle
+
+
+class TestFromrecords:
+    def test_fromrecords(self):
+        r = np.rec.fromrecords([[456, 'dbe', 1.2], [2, 'de', 1.3]],
+                            names='col1,col2,col3')
+        assert_equal(r[0].item(), (456, 'dbe', 1.2))
+        assert_equal(r['col1'].dtype.kind, 'i')
+        assert_equal(r['col2'].dtype.kind, 'U')
+        assert_equal(r['col2'].dtype.itemsize, 12)
+        assert_equal(r['col3'].dtype.kind, 'f')
+
+    def test_fromrecords_0len(self):
+        """ Verify fromrecords works with a 0-length input """
+        dtype = [('a', float), ('b', float)]
+        r = np.rec.fromrecords([], dtype=dtype)
+        assert_equal(r.shape, (0,))
+
+    def test_fromrecords_2d(self):
+        data = [
+            [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)],
+            [(6, 5), (4, 3), (2, 1)]
+        ]
+        expected_a = [[1, 3, 5], [6, 4, 2]]
+        expected_b = [[2, 4, 6], [5, 3, 1]]
+
+        # try with dtype
+        r1 = np.rec.fromrecords(data, dtype=[('a', int), ('b', int)])
+        assert_equal(r1['a'], expected_a)
+        assert_equal(r1['b'], expected_b)
+
+        # try with names
+        r2 = np.rec.fromrecords(data, names=['a', 'b'])
+        assert_equal(r2['a'], expected_a)
+        assert_equal(r2['b'], expected_b)
+
+        assert_equal(r1, r2)
+
+    def test_method_array(self):
+        r = np.rec.array(b'abcdefg' * 100, formats='i2,a3,i4', shape=3, byteorder='big')
+        assert_equal(r[1].item(), (25444, b'efg', 1633837924))
+
+    def test_method_array2(self):
+        r = np.rec.array([(1, 11, 'a'), (2, 22, 'b'), (3, 33, 'c'), (4, 44, 'd'), (5, 55, 'ex'),
+                     (6, 66, 'f'), (7, 77, 'g')], formats='u1,f4,a1')
+        assert_equal(r[1].item(), (2, 22.0, b'b'))
+
+    def test_recarray_slices(self):
+        r = np.rec.array([(1, 11, 'a'), (2, 22, 'b'), (3, 33, 'c'), (4, 44, 'd'), (5, 55, 'ex'),
+                     (6, 66, 'f'), (7, 77, 'g')], formats='u1,f4,a1')
+        assert_equal(r[1::2][1].item(), (4, 44.0, b'd'))
+
+    def test_recarray_fromarrays(self):
+        x1 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+        x2 = np.array(['a', 'dd', 'xyz', '12'])
+        x3 = np.array([1.1, 2, 3, 4])
+        r = np.rec.fromarrays([x1, x2, x3], names='a,b,c')
+        assert_equal(r[1].item(), (2, 'dd', 2.0))
+        x1[1] = 34
+        assert_equal(r.a, np.array([1, 2, 3, 4]))
+
+    def test_recarray_fromfile(self):
+        data_dir = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), 'data')
+        filename = path.join(data_dir, 'recarray_from_file.fits')
+        fd = open(filename, 'rb')
+        fd.seek(2880 * 2)
+        r1 = np.rec.fromfile(fd, formats='f8,i4,a5', shape=3, byteorder='big')
+        fd.seek(2880 * 2)
+        r2 = np.rec.array(fd, formats='f8,i4,a5', shape=3, byteorder='big')
+        fd.seek(2880 * 2)
+        bytes_array = BytesIO()
+        bytes_array.write(fd.read())
+        bytes_array.seek(0)
+        r3 = np.rec.fromfile(bytes_array, formats='f8,i4,a5', shape=3, byteorder='big')
+        fd.close()
+        assert_equal(r1, r2)
+        assert_equal(r2, r3)
+
+    def test_recarray_from_obj(self):
+        count = 10
+        a = np.zeros(count, dtype='O')
+        b = np.zeros(count, dtype='f8')
+        c = np.zeros(count, dtype='f8')
+        for i in range(len(a)):
+            a[i] = list(range(1, 10))
+
+        mine = np.rec.fromarrays([a, b, c], names='date,data1,data2')
+        for i in range(len(a)):
+            assert_((mine.date[i] == list(range(1, 10))))
+            assert_((mine.data1[i] == 0.0))
+            assert_((mine.data2[i] == 0.0))
+
+    def test_recarray_repr(self):
+        a = np.array([(1, 0.1), (2, 0.2)],
+                     dtype=[('foo', ' 2) & (a < 6))
+        xb = np.where((b > 2) & (b < 6))
+        ya = ((a > 2) & (a < 6))
+        yb = ((b > 2) & (b < 6))
+        assert_array_almost_equal(xa, ya.nonzero())
+        assert_array_almost_equal(xb, yb.nonzero())
+        assert_(np.all(a[ya] > 0.5))
+        assert_(np.all(b[yb] > 0.5))
+
+    def test_endian_where(self):
+        # GitHub issue #369
+        net = np.zeros(3, dtype='>f4')
+        net[1] = 0.00458849
+        net[2] = 0.605202
+        max_net = net.max()
+        test = np.where(net <= 0., max_net, net)
+        correct = np.array([ 0.60520202,  0.00458849,  0.60520202])
+        assert_array_almost_equal(test, correct)
+
+    def test_endian_recarray(self):
+        # Ticket #2185
+        dt = np.dtype([
+               ('head', '>u4'),
+               ('data', '>u4', 2),
+            ])
+        buf = np.recarray(1, dtype=dt)
+        buf[0]['head'] = 1
+        buf[0]['data'][:] = [1, 1]
+
+        h = buf[0]['head']
+        d = buf[0]['data'][0]
+        buf[0]['head'] = h
+        buf[0]['data'][0] = d
+        assert_(buf[0]['head'] == 1)
+
+    def test_mem_dot(self):
+        # Ticket #106
+        x = np.random.randn(0, 1)
+        y = np.random.randn(10, 1)
+        # Dummy array to detect bad memory access:
+        _z = np.ones(10)
+        _dummy = np.empty((0, 10))
+        z = np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(_z, _dummy.shape, _dummy.strides)
+        np.dot(x, np.transpose(y), out=z)
+        assert_equal(_z, np.ones(10))
+        # Do the same for the built-in dot:
+        np.core.multiarray.dot(x, np.transpose(y), out=z)
+        assert_equal(_z, np.ones(10))
+
+    def test_arange_endian(self):
+        # Ticket #111
+        ref = np.arange(10)
+        x = np.arange(10, dtype=' 1 and x['two'] > 2)
+
+    def test_method_args(self):
+        # Make sure methods and functions have same default axis
+        # keyword and arguments
+        funcs1 = ['argmax', 'argmin', 'sum', 'any', 'all', 'cumsum',
+                  'ptp', 'cumprod', 'prod', 'std', 'var', 'mean',
+                  'round', 'min', 'max', 'argsort', 'sort']
+        funcs2 = ['compress', 'take', 'repeat']
+
+        for func in funcs1:
+            arr = np.random.rand(8, 7)
+            arr2 = arr.copy()
+            res1 = getattr(arr, func)()
+            res2 = getattr(np, func)(arr2)
+            if res1 is None:
+                res1 = arr
+
+            if res1.dtype.kind in 'uib':
+                assert_((res1 == res2).all(), func)
+            else:
+                assert_(abs(res1-res2).max() < 1e-8, func)
+
+        for func in funcs2:
+            arr1 = np.random.rand(8, 7)
+            arr2 = np.random.rand(8, 7)
+            res1 = None
+            if func == 'compress':
+                arr1 = arr1.ravel()
+                res1 = getattr(arr2, func)(arr1)
+            else:
+                arr2 = (15*arr2).astype(int).ravel()
+            if res1 is None:
+                res1 = getattr(arr1, func)(arr2)
+            res2 = getattr(np, func)(arr1, arr2)
+            assert_(abs(res1-res2).max() < 1e-8, func)
+
+    def test_mem_lexsort_strings(self):
+        # Ticket #298
+        lst = ['abc', 'cde', 'fgh']
+        np.lexsort((lst,))
+
+    def test_fancy_index(self):
+        # Ticket #302
+        x = np.array([1, 2])[np.array([0])]
+        assert_equal(x.shape, (1,))
+
+    def test_recarray_copy(self):
+        # Ticket #312
+        dt = [('x', np.int16), ('y', np.float64)]
+        ra = np.array([(1, 2.3)], dtype=dt)
+        rb = np.rec.array(ra, dtype=dt)
+        rb['x'] = 2.
+        assert_(ra['x'] != rb['x'])
+
+    def test_rec_fromarray(self):
+        # Ticket #322
+        x1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
+        x2 = np.array(['a', 'dd', 'xyz'])
+        x3 = np.array([1.1, 2, 3])
+        np.rec.fromarrays([x1, x2, x3], formats="(2,)i4,a3,f8")
+
+    def test_object_array_assign(self):
+        x = np.empty((2, 2), object)
+        x.flat[2] = (1, 2, 3)
+        assert_equal(x.flat[2], (1, 2, 3))
+
+    def test_ndmin_float64(self):
+        # Ticket #324
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.float64)
+        assert_equal(np.array(x, dtype=np.float32, ndmin=2).ndim, 2)
+        assert_equal(np.array(x, dtype=np.float64, ndmin=2).ndim, 2)
+
+    def test_ndmin_order(self):
+        # Issue #465 and related checks
+        assert_(np.array([1, 2], order='C', ndmin=3).flags.c_contiguous)
+        assert_(np.array([1, 2], order='F', ndmin=3).flags.f_contiguous)
+        assert_(np.array(np.ones((2, 2), order='F'), ndmin=3).flags.f_contiguous)
+        assert_(np.array(np.ones((2, 2), order='C'), ndmin=3).flags.c_contiguous)
+
+    def test_mem_axis_minimization(self):
+        # Ticket #327
+        data = np.arange(5)
+        data = np.add.outer(data, data)
+
+    def test_mem_float_imag(self):
+        # Ticket #330
+        np.float64(1.0).imag
+
+    def test_dtype_tuple(self):
+        # Ticket #334
+        assert_(np.dtype('i4') == np.dtype(('i4', ())))
+
+    def test_dtype_posttuple(self):
+        # Ticket #335
+        np.dtype([('col1', '()i4')])
+
+    def test_numeric_carray_compare(self):
+        # Ticket #341
+        assert_equal(np.array(['X'], 'c'), b'X')
+
+    def test_string_array_size(self):
+        # Ticket #342
+        assert_raises(ValueError,
+                              np.array, [['X'], ['X', 'X', 'X']], '|S1')
+
+    def test_dtype_repr(self):
+        # Ticket #344
+        dt1 = np.dtype(('uint32', 2))
+        dt2 = np.dtype(('uint32', (2,)))
+        assert_equal(dt1.__repr__(), dt2.__repr__())
+
+    def test_reshape_order(self):
+        # Make sure reshape order works.
+        a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3, order='F')
+        assert_equal(a, [[0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5]])
+        a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8]])
+        b = a[:, 1]
+        assert_equal(b.reshape(2, 2, order='F'), [[2, 6], [4, 8]])
+
+    def test_reshape_zero_strides(self):
+        # Issue #380, test reshaping of zero strided arrays
+        a = np.ones(1)
+        a = np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(a, shape=(5,), strides=(0,))
+        assert_(a.reshape(5, 1).strides[0] == 0)
+
+    def test_reshape_zero_size(self):
+        # GitHub Issue #2700, setting shape failed for 0-sized arrays
+        a = np.ones((0, 2))
+        a.shape = (-1, 2)
+
+    # Cannot test if NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_DEBUG changes the strides.
+    # With NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_DEBUG the test becomes superfluous.
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(np.ones(1).strides[0] == np.iinfo(np.intp).max,
+                        reason="Using relaxed stride debug")
+    def test_reshape_trailing_ones_strides(self):
+        # GitHub issue gh-2949, bad strides for trailing ones of new shape
+        a = np.zeros(12, dtype=np.int32)[::2]  # not contiguous
+        strides_c = (16, 8, 8, 8)
+        strides_f = (8, 24, 48, 48)
+        assert_equal(a.reshape(3, 2, 1, 1).strides, strides_c)
+        assert_equal(a.reshape(3, 2, 1, 1, order='F').strides, strides_f)
+        assert_equal(np.array(0, dtype=np.int32).reshape(1, 1).strides, (4, 4))
+
+    def test_repeat_discont(self):
+        # Ticket #352
+        a = np.arange(12).reshape(4, 3)[:, 2]
+        assert_equal(a.repeat(3), [2, 2, 2, 5, 5, 5, 8, 8, 8, 11, 11, 11])
+
+    def test_array_index(self):
+        # Make sure optimization is not called in this case.
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        a2 = np.array([[1, 2, 3]])
+        assert_equal(a[np.where(a == 3)], a2[np.where(a2 == 3)])
+
+    def test_object_argmax(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=object)
+        assert_(a.argmax() == 2)
+
+    def test_recarray_fields(self):
+        # Ticket #372
+        dt0 = np.dtype([('f0', 'i4'), ('f1', 'i4')])
+        dt1 = np.dtype([('f0', 'i8'), ('f1', 'i8')])
+        for a in [np.array([(1, 2), (3, 4)], "i4,i4"),
+                  np.rec.array([(1, 2), (3, 4)], "i4,i4"),
+                  np.rec.array([(1, 2), (3, 4)]),
+                  np.rec.fromarrays([(1, 2), (3, 4)], "i4,i4"),
+                  np.rec.fromarrays([(1, 2), (3, 4)])]:
+            assert_(a.dtype in [dt0, dt1])
+
+    def test_random_shuffle(self):
+        # Ticket #374
+        a = np.arange(5).reshape((5, 1))
+        b = a.copy()
+        np.random.shuffle(b)
+        assert_equal(np.sort(b, axis=0), a)
+
+    def test_refcount_vdot(self):
+        # Changeset #3443
+        _assert_valid_refcount(np.vdot)
+
+    def test_startswith(self):
+        ca = np.char.array(['Hi', 'There'])
+        assert_equal(ca.startswith('H'), [True, False])
+
+    def test_noncommutative_reduce_accumulate(self):
+        # Ticket #413
+        tosubtract = np.arange(5)
+        todivide = np.array([2.0, 0.5, 0.25])
+        assert_equal(np.subtract.reduce(tosubtract), -10)
+        assert_equal(np.divide.reduce(todivide), 16.0)
+        assert_array_equal(np.subtract.accumulate(tosubtract),
+            np.array([0, -1, -3, -6, -10]))
+        assert_array_equal(np.divide.accumulate(todivide),
+            np.array([2., 4., 16.]))
+
+    def test_convolve_empty(self):
+        # Convolve should raise an error for empty input array.
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.convolve, [], [1])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.convolve, [1], [])
+
+    def test_multidim_byteswap(self):
+        # Ticket #449
+        r = np.array([(1, (0, 1, 2))], dtype="i2,3i2")
+        assert_array_equal(r.byteswap(),
+                           np.array([(256, (0, 256, 512))], r.dtype))
+
+    def test_string_NULL(self):
+        # Changeset 3557
+        assert_equal(np.array("a\x00\x0b\x0c\x00").item(),
+                     'a\x00\x0b\x0c')
+
+    def test_junk_in_string_fields_of_recarray(self):
+        # Ticket #483
+        r = np.array([[b'abc']], dtype=[('var1', '|S20')])
+        assert_(asbytes(r['var1'][0][0]) == b'abc')
+
+    def test_take_output(self):
+        # Ensure that 'take' honours output parameter.
+        x = np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4))
+        a = np.take(x, [0, 2], axis=1)
+        b = np.zeros_like(a)
+        np.take(x, [0, 2], axis=1, out=b)
+        assert_array_equal(a, b)
+
+    def test_take_object_fail(self):
+        # Issue gh-3001
+        d = 123.
+        a = np.array([d, 1], dtype=object)
+        if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+            ref_d = sys.getrefcount(d)
+        try:
+            a.take([0, 100])
+        except IndexError:
+            pass
+        if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+            assert_(ref_d == sys.getrefcount(d))
+
+    def test_array_str_64bit(self):
+        # Ticket #501
+        s = np.array([1, np.nan], dtype=np.float64)
+        with np.errstate(all='raise'):
+            np.array_str(s)  # Should succeed
+
+    def test_frompyfunc_endian(self):
+        # Ticket #503
+        from math import radians
+        uradians = np.frompyfunc(radians, 1, 1)
+        big_endian = np.array([83.4, 83.5], dtype='>f8')
+        little_endian = np.array([83.4, 83.5], dtype=' object
+        # casting succeeds
+        def rs():
+            x = np.ones([484, 286])
+            y = np.zeros([484, 286])
+            x |= y
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, rs)
+
+    def test_unicode_scalar(self):
+        # Ticket #600
+        x = np.array(["DROND", "DROND1"], dtype="U6")
+        el = x[1]
+        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            new = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(el, protocol=proto))
+            assert_equal(new, el)
+
+    def test_arange_non_native_dtype(self):
+        # Ticket #616
+        for T in ('>f4', ' 0)] = v
+
+        assert_raises(IndexError, ia, x, s, np.zeros(9, dtype=float))
+        assert_raises(IndexError, ia, x, s, np.zeros(11, dtype=float))
+
+        # Old special case (different code path):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, ia, x.flat, s, np.zeros(9, dtype=float))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, ia, x.flat, s, np.zeros(11, dtype=float))
+
+    def test_mem_scalar_indexing(self):
+        # Ticket #603
+        x = np.array([0], dtype=float)
+        index = np.array(0, dtype=np.int32)
+        x[index]
+
+    def test_binary_repr_0_width(self):
+        assert_equal(np.binary_repr(0, width=3), '000')
+
+    def test_fromstring(self):
+        assert_equal(np.fromstring("12:09:09", dtype=int, sep=":"),
+                     [12, 9, 9])
+
+    def test_searchsorted_variable_length(self):
+        x = np.array(['a', 'aa', 'b'])
+        y = np.array(['d', 'e'])
+        assert_equal(x.searchsorted(y), [3, 3])
+
+    def test_string_argsort_with_zeros(self):
+        # Check argsort for strings containing zeros.
+        x = np.frombuffer(b"\x00\x02\x00\x01", dtype="|S2")
+        assert_array_equal(x.argsort(kind='m'), np.array([1, 0]))
+        assert_array_equal(x.argsort(kind='q'), np.array([1, 0]))
+
+    def test_string_sort_with_zeros(self):
+        # Check sort for strings containing zeros.
+        x = np.frombuffer(b"\x00\x02\x00\x01", dtype="|S2")
+        y = np.frombuffer(b"\x00\x01\x00\x02", dtype="|S2")
+        assert_array_equal(np.sort(x, kind="q"), y)
+
+    def test_copy_detection_zero_dim(self):
+        # Ticket #658
+        np.indices((0, 3, 4)).T.reshape(-1, 3)
+
+    def test_flat_byteorder(self):
+        # Ticket #657
+        x = np.arange(10)
+        assert_array_equal(x.astype('>i4'), x.astype('i4').flat[:], x.astype('i4')):
+            x = np.array([-1, 0, 1], dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(x.flat[0].dtype, x[0].dtype)
+
+    def test_copy_detection_corner_case(self):
+        # Ticket #658
+        np.indices((0, 3, 4)).T.reshape(-1, 3)
+
+    # Cannot test if NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_DEBUG changes the strides.
+    # With NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_DEBUG the test becomes superfluous,
+    # 0-sized reshape itself is tested elsewhere.
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(np.ones(1).strides[0] == np.iinfo(np.intp).max,
+                        reason="Using relaxed stride debug")
+    def test_copy_detection_corner_case2(self):
+        # Ticket #771: strides are not set correctly when reshaping 0-sized
+        # arrays
+        b = np.indices((0, 3, 4)).T.reshape(-1, 3)
+        assert_equal(b.strides, (3 * b.itemsize, b.itemsize))
+
+    def test_object_array_refcounting(self):
+        # Ticket #633
+        if not hasattr(sys, 'getrefcount'):
+            return
+
+        # NB. this is probably CPython-specific
+
+        cnt = sys.getrefcount
+
+        a = object()
+        b = object()
+        c = object()
+
+        cnt0_a = cnt(a)
+        cnt0_b = cnt(b)
+        cnt0_c = cnt(c)
+
+        # -- 0d -> 1-d broadcast slice assignment
+
+        arr = np.zeros(5, dtype=np.object_)
+
+        arr[:] = a
+        assert_equal(cnt(a), cnt0_a + 5)
+
+        arr[:] = b
+        assert_equal(cnt(a), cnt0_a)
+        assert_equal(cnt(b), cnt0_b + 5)
+
+        arr[:2] = c
+        assert_equal(cnt(b), cnt0_b + 3)
+        assert_equal(cnt(c), cnt0_c + 2)
+
+        del arr
+
+        # -- 1-d -> 2-d broadcast slice assignment
+
+        arr = np.zeros((5, 2), dtype=np.object_)
+        arr0 = np.zeros(2, dtype=np.object_)
+
+        arr0[0] = a
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 1)
+        arr0[1] = b
+        assert_(cnt(b) == cnt0_b + 1)
+
+        arr[:, :] = arr0
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 6)
+        assert_(cnt(b) == cnt0_b + 6)
+
+        arr[:, 0] = None
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 1)
+
+        del arr, arr0
+
+        # -- 2-d copying + flattening
+
+        arr = np.zeros((5, 2), dtype=np.object_)
+
+        arr[:, 0] = a
+        arr[:, 1] = b
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 5)
+        assert_(cnt(b) == cnt0_b + 5)
+
+        arr2 = arr.copy()
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 10)
+        assert_(cnt(b) == cnt0_b + 10)
+
+        arr2 = arr[:, 0].copy()
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 10)
+        assert_(cnt(b) == cnt0_b + 5)
+
+        arr2 = arr.flatten()
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 10)
+        assert_(cnt(b) == cnt0_b + 10)
+
+        del arr, arr2
+
+        # -- concatenate, repeat, take, choose
+
+        arr1 = np.zeros((5, 1), dtype=np.object_)
+        arr2 = np.zeros((5, 1), dtype=np.object_)
+
+        arr1[...] = a
+        arr2[...] = b
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 5)
+        assert_(cnt(b) == cnt0_b + 5)
+
+        tmp = np.concatenate((arr1, arr2))
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 5 + 5)
+        assert_(cnt(b) == cnt0_b + 5 + 5)
+
+        tmp = arr1.repeat(3, axis=0)
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 5 + 3*5)
+
+        tmp = arr1.take([1, 2, 3], axis=0)
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 5 + 3)
+
+        x = np.array([[0], [1], [0], [1], [1]], int)
+        tmp = x.choose(arr1, arr2)
+        assert_(cnt(a) == cnt0_a + 5 + 2)
+        assert_(cnt(b) == cnt0_b + 5 + 3)
+
+        del tmp  # Avoid pyflakes unused variable warning
+
+    def test_mem_custom_float_to_array(self):
+        # Ticket 702
+        class MyFloat:
+            def __float__(self):
+                return 1.0
+
+        tmp = np.atleast_1d([MyFloat()])
+        tmp.astype(float)  # Should succeed
+
+    def test_object_array_refcount_self_assign(self):
+        # Ticket #711
+        class VictimObject:
+            deleted = False
+
+            def __del__(self):
+                self.deleted = True
+
+        d = VictimObject()
+        arr = np.zeros(5, dtype=np.object_)
+        arr[:] = d
+        del d
+        arr[:] = arr  # refcount of 'd' might hit zero here
+        assert_(not arr[0].deleted)
+        arr[:] = arr  # trying to induce a segfault by doing it again...
+        assert_(not arr[0].deleted)
+
+    def test_mem_fromiter_invalid_dtype_string(self):
+        x = [1, 2, 3]
+        assert_raises(ValueError,
+                              np.fromiter, [xi for xi in x], dtype='S')
+
+    def test_reduce_big_object_array(self):
+        # Ticket #713
+        oldsize = np.setbufsize(10*16)
+        a = np.array([None]*161, object)
+        assert_(not np.any(a))
+        np.setbufsize(oldsize)
+
+    def test_mem_0d_array_index(self):
+        # Ticket #714
+        np.zeros(10)[np.array(0)]
+
+    def test_nonnative_endian_fill(self):
+        # Non-native endian arrays were incorrectly filled with scalars
+        # before r5034.
+        if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+            dtype = np.dtype('>i4')
+        else:
+            dtype = np.dtype('data contains non-zero floats
+                    x = np.array([123456789e199], dtype=np.float64)
+                    if IS_PYPY:
+                        x.resize((m, 0), refcheck=False)
+                    else:
+                        x.resize((m, 0))
+                    y = np.array([123456789e199], dtype=np.float64)
+                    if IS_PYPY:
+                        y.resize((0, n), refcheck=False)
+                    else:
+                        y.resize((0, n))
+
+                    # `dot` should just return zero (m, n) matrix
+                    z = np.dot(x, y)
+                    assert_(np.all(z == 0))
+                    assert_(z.shape == (m, n))
+
+    def test_zeros(self):
+        # Regression test for #1061.
+        # Set a size which cannot fit into a 64 bits signed integer
+        sz = 2 ** 64
+        with assert_raises_regex(ValueError,
+                                 'Maximum allowed dimension exceeded'):
+            np.empty(sz)
+
+    def test_huge_arange(self):
+        # Regression test for #1062.
+        # Set a size which cannot fit into a 64 bits signed integer
+        sz = 2 ** 64
+        with assert_raises_regex(ValueError,
+                                 'Maximum allowed size exceeded'):
+            np.arange(sz)
+            assert_(np.size == sz)
+
+    def test_fromiter_bytes(self):
+        # Ticket #1058
+        a = np.fromiter(list(range(10)), dtype='b')
+        b = np.fromiter(list(range(10)), dtype='B')
+        assert_(np.all(a == np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])))
+        assert_(np.all(b == np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])))
+
+    def test_array_from_sequence_scalar_array(self):
+        # Ticket #1078: segfaults when creating an array with a sequence of
+        # 0d arrays.
+        a = np.array((np.ones(2), np.array(2)), dtype=object)
+        assert_equal(a.shape, (2,))
+        assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype(object))
+        assert_equal(a[0], np.ones(2))
+        assert_equal(a[1], np.array(2))
+
+        a = np.array(((1,), np.array(1)), dtype=object)
+        assert_equal(a.shape, (2,))
+        assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype(object))
+        assert_equal(a[0], (1,))
+        assert_equal(a[1], np.array(1))
+
+    def test_array_from_sequence_scalar_array2(self):
+        # Ticket #1081: weird array with strange input...
+        t = np.array([np.array([]), np.array(0, object)], dtype=object)
+        assert_equal(t.shape, (2,))
+        assert_equal(t.dtype, np.dtype(object))
+
+    def test_array_too_big(self):
+        # Ticket #1080.
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.zeros, [975]*7, np.int8)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.zeros, [26244]*5, np.int8)
+
+    def test_dtype_keyerrors_(self):
+        # Ticket #1106.
+        dt = np.dtype([('f1', np.uint)])
+        assert_raises(KeyError, dt.__getitem__, "f2")
+        assert_raises(IndexError, dt.__getitem__, 1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, dt.__getitem__, 0.0)
+
+    def test_lexsort_buffer_length(self):
+        # Ticket #1217, don't segfault.
+        a = np.ones(100, dtype=np.int8)
+        b = np.ones(100, dtype=np.int32)
+        i = np.lexsort((a[::-1], b))
+        assert_equal(i, np.arange(100, dtype=int))
+
+    def test_object_array_to_fixed_string(self):
+        # Ticket #1235.
+        a = np.array(['abcdefgh', 'ijklmnop'], dtype=np.object_)
+        b = np.array(a, dtype=(np.str_, 8))
+        assert_equal(a, b)
+        c = np.array(a, dtype=(np.str_, 5))
+        assert_equal(c, np.array(['abcde', 'ijklm']))
+        d = np.array(a, dtype=(np.str_, 12))
+        assert_equal(a, d)
+        e = np.empty((2, ), dtype=(np.str_, 8))
+        e[:] = a[:]
+        assert_equal(a, e)
+
+    def test_unicode_to_string_cast(self):
+        # Ticket #1240.
+        a = np.array([['abc', '\u03a3'],
+                      ['asdf', 'erw']],
+                     dtype='U')
+        assert_raises(UnicodeEncodeError, np.array, a, 'S4')
+
+    def test_unicode_to_string_cast_error(self):
+        # gh-15790
+        a = np.array(['\x80'] * 129, dtype='U3')
+        assert_raises(UnicodeEncodeError, np.array, a, 'S')
+        b = a.reshape(3, 43)[:-1, :-1]
+        assert_raises(UnicodeEncodeError, np.array, b, 'S')
+
+    def test_mixed_string_byte_array_creation(self):
+        a = np.array(['1234', b'123'])
+        assert_(a.itemsize == 16)
+        a = np.array([b'123', '1234'])
+        assert_(a.itemsize == 16)
+        a = np.array(['1234', b'123', '12345'])
+        assert_(a.itemsize == 20)
+        a = np.array([b'123', '1234', b'12345'])
+        assert_(a.itemsize == 20)
+        a = np.array([b'123', '1234', b'1234'])
+        assert_(a.itemsize == 16)
+
+    def test_misaligned_objects_segfault(self):
+        # Ticket #1198 and #1267
+        a1 = np.zeros((10,), dtype='O,c')
+        a2 = np.array(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'], 'S10')
+        a1['f0'] = a2
+        repr(a1)
+        np.argmax(a1['f0'])
+        a1['f0'][1] = "FOO"
+        a1['f0'] = "FOO"
+        np.array(a1['f0'], dtype='S')
+        np.nonzero(a1['f0'])
+        a1.sort()
+        copy.deepcopy(a1)
+
+    def test_misaligned_scalars_segfault(self):
+        # Ticket #1267
+        s1 = np.array(('a', 'Foo'), dtype='c,O')
+        s2 = np.array(('b', 'Bar'), dtype='c,O')
+        s1['f1'] = s2['f1']
+        s1['f1'] = 'Baz'
+
+    def test_misaligned_dot_product_objects(self):
+        # Ticket #1267
+        # This didn't require a fix, but it's worth testing anyway, because
+        # it may fail if .dot stops enforcing the arrays to be BEHAVED
+        a = np.array([[(1, 'a'), (0, 'a')], [(0, 'a'), (1, 'a')]], dtype='O,c')
+        b = np.array([[(4, 'a'), (1, 'a')], [(2, 'a'), (2, 'a')]], dtype='O,c')
+        np.dot(a['f0'], b['f0'])
+
+    def test_byteswap_complex_scalar(self):
+        # Ticket #1259 and gh-441
+        for dtype in [np.dtype('<'+t) for t in np.typecodes['Complex']]:
+            z = np.array([2.2-1.1j], dtype)
+            x = z[0]  # always native-endian
+            y = x.byteswap()
+            if x.dtype.byteorder == z.dtype.byteorder:
+                # little-endian machine
+                assert_equal(x, np.frombuffer(y.tobytes(), dtype=dtype.newbyteorder()))
+            else:
+                # big-endian machine
+                assert_equal(x, np.frombuffer(y.tobytes(), dtype=dtype))
+            # double check real and imaginary parts:
+            assert_equal(x.real, y.real.byteswap())
+            assert_equal(x.imag, y.imag.byteswap())
+
+    def test_structured_arrays_with_objects1(self):
+        # Ticket #1299
+        stra = 'aaaa'
+        strb = 'bbbb'
+        x = np.array([[(0, stra), (1, strb)]], 'i8,O')
+        x[x.nonzero()] = x.ravel()[:1]
+        assert_(x[0, 1] == x[0, 0])
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.version_info >= (3, 12),
+        reason="Python 3.12 has immortal refcounts, this test no longer works."
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_REFCOUNT, reason="Python lacks refcounts")
+    def test_structured_arrays_with_objects2(self):
+        # Ticket #1299 second test
+        stra = 'aaaa'
+        strb = 'bbbb'
+        numb = sys.getrefcount(strb)
+        numa = sys.getrefcount(stra)
+        x = np.array([[(0, stra), (1, strb)]], 'i8,O')
+        x[x.nonzero()] = x.ravel()[:1]
+        assert_(sys.getrefcount(strb) == numb)
+        assert_(sys.getrefcount(stra) == numa + 2)
+
+    def test_duplicate_title_and_name(self):
+        # Ticket #1254
+        dtspec = [(('a', 'a'), 'i'), ('b', 'i')]
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.dtype, dtspec)
+
+    def test_signed_integer_division_overflow(self):
+        # Ticket #1317.
+        def test_type(t):
+            min = np.array([np.iinfo(t).min])
+            min //= -1
+
+        with np.errstate(over="ignore"):
+            for t in (np.int8, np.int16, np.int32, np.int64, int):
+                test_type(t)
+
+    def test_buffer_hashlib(self):
+        from hashlib import sha256
+
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.dtype('c')
+
+    def test_log1p_compiler_shenanigans(self):
+        # Check if log1p is behaving on 32 bit intel systems.
+        assert_(np.isfinite(np.log1p(np.exp2(-53))))
+
+    def test_fromiter_comparison(self):
+        a = np.fromiter(list(range(10)), dtype='b')
+        b = np.fromiter(list(range(10)), dtype='B')
+        assert_(np.all(a == np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])))
+        assert_(np.all(b == np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])))
+
+    def test_fromstring_crash(self):
+        # Ticket #1345: the following should not cause a crash
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            np.fromstring(b'aa, aa, 1.0', sep=',')
+
+    def test_ticket_1539(self):
+        dtypes = [x for x in np.sctypeDict.values()
+                  if (issubclass(x, np.number)
+                      and not issubclass(x, np.timedelta64))]
+        a = np.array([], np.bool_)  # not x[0] because it is unordered
+        failures = []
+
+        for x in dtypes:
+            b = a.astype(x)
+            for y in dtypes:
+                c = a.astype(y)
+                try:
+                    d = np.dot(b, c)
+                except TypeError:
+                    failures.append((x, y))
+                else:
+                    if d != 0:
+                        failures.append((x, y))
+        if failures:
+            raise AssertionError("Failures: %r" % failures)
+
+    def test_ticket_1538(self):
+        x = np.finfo(np.float32)
+        for name in 'eps epsneg max min resolution tiny'.split():
+            assert_equal(type(getattr(x, name)), np.float32,
+                         err_msg=name)
+
+    def test_ticket_1434(self):
+        # Check that the out= argument in var and std has an effect
+        data = np.array(((1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9)))
+        out = np.zeros((3,))
+
+        ret = data.var(axis=1, out=out)
+        assert_(ret is out)
+        assert_array_equal(ret, data.var(axis=1))
+
+        ret = data.std(axis=1, out=out)
+        assert_(ret is out)
+        assert_array_equal(ret, data.std(axis=1))
+
+    def test_complex_nan_maximum(self):
+        cnan = complex(0, np.nan)
+        assert_equal(np.maximum(1, cnan), cnan)
+
+    def test_subclass_int_tuple_assignment(self):
+        # ticket #1563
+        class Subclass(np.ndarray):
+            def __new__(cls, i):
+                return np.ones((i,)).view(cls)
+
+        x = Subclass(5)
+        x[(0,)] = 2  # shouldn't raise an exception
+        assert_equal(x[0], 2)
+
+    def test_ufunc_no_unnecessary_views(self):
+        # ticket #1548
+        class Subclass(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3]).view(Subclass)
+        y = np.add(x, x, x)
+        assert_equal(id(x), id(y))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_REFCOUNT, reason="Python lacks refcounts")
+    def test_take_refcount(self):
+        # ticket #939
+        a = np.arange(16, dtype=float)
+        a.shape = (4, 4)
+        lut = np.ones((5 + 3, 4), float)
+        rgba = np.empty(shape=a.shape + (4,), dtype=lut.dtype)
+        c1 = sys.getrefcount(rgba)
+        try:
+            lut.take(a, axis=0, mode='clip', out=rgba)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        c2 = sys.getrefcount(rgba)
+        assert_equal(c1, c2)
+
+    def test_fromfile_tofile_seeks(self):
+        # On Python 3, tofile/fromfile used to get (#1610) the Python
+        # file handle out of sync
+        f0 = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
+        f = f0.file
+        f.write(np.arange(255, dtype='u1').tobytes())
+
+        f.seek(20)
+        ret = np.fromfile(f, count=4, dtype='u1')
+        assert_equal(ret, np.array([20, 21, 22, 23], dtype='u1'))
+        assert_equal(f.tell(), 24)
+
+        f.seek(40)
+        np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype='u1').tofile(f)
+        assert_equal(f.tell(), 43)
+
+        f.seek(40)
+        data = f.read(3)
+        assert_equal(data, b"\x01\x02\x03")
+
+        f.seek(80)
+        f.read(4)
+        data = np.fromfile(f, dtype='u1', count=4)
+        assert_equal(data, np.array([84, 85, 86, 87], dtype='u1'))
+
+        f.close()
+
+    def test_complex_scalar_warning(self):
+        for tp in [np.csingle, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble]:
+            x = tp(1+2j)
+            assert_warns(np.ComplexWarning, float, x)
+            with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+                sup.filter(np.ComplexWarning)
+                assert_equal(float(x), float(x.real))
+
+    def test_complex_scalar_complex_cast(self):
+        for tp in [np.csingle, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble]:
+            x = tp(1+2j)
+            assert_equal(complex(x), 1+2j)
+
+    def test_complex_boolean_cast(self):
+        # Ticket #2218
+        for tp in [np.csingle, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble]:
+            x = np.array([0, 0+0.5j, 0.5+0j], dtype=tp)
+            assert_equal(x.astype(bool), np.array([0, 1, 1], dtype=bool))
+            assert_(np.any(x))
+            assert_(np.all(x[1:]))
+
+    def test_uint_int_conversion(self):
+        x = 2**64 - 1
+        assert_equal(int(np.uint64(x)), x)
+
+    def test_duplicate_field_names_assign(self):
+        ra = np.fromiter(((i*3, i*2) for i in range(10)), dtype='i8,f8')
+        ra.dtype.names = ('f1', 'f2')
+        repr(ra)  # should not cause a segmentation fault
+        assert_raises(ValueError, setattr, ra.dtype, 'names', ('f1', 'f1'))
+
+    def test_eq_string_and_object_array(self):
+        # From e-mail thread "__eq__ with str and object" (Keith Goodman)
+        a1 = np.array(['a', 'b'], dtype=object)
+        a2 = np.array(['a', 'c'])
+        assert_array_equal(a1 == a2, [True, False])
+        assert_array_equal(a2 == a1, [True, False])
+
+    def test_nonzero_byteswap(self):
+        a = np.array([0x80000000, 0x00000080, 0], dtype=np.uint32)
+        a.dtype = np.float32
+        assert_equal(a.nonzero()[0], [1])
+        a = a.byteswap().newbyteorder()
+        assert_equal(a.nonzero()[0], [1])  # [0] if nonzero() ignores swap
+
+    def test_find_common_type_boolean(self):
+        # Ticket #1695
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="np.find_common_type"):
+            res = np.find_common_type([], ['?', '?'])
+        assert res == '?'
+
+    def test_empty_mul(self):
+        a = np.array([1.])
+        a[1:1] *= 2
+        assert_equal(a, [1.])
+
+    def test_array_side_effect(self):
+        # The second use of itemsize was throwing an exception because in
+        # ctors.c, discover_itemsize was calling PyObject_Length without
+        # checking the return code.  This failed to get the length of the
+        # number 2, and the exception hung around until something checked
+        # PyErr_Occurred() and returned an error.
+        assert_equal(np.dtype('S10').itemsize, 10)
+        np.array([['abc', 2], ['long   ', '0123456789']], dtype=np.bytes_)
+        assert_equal(np.dtype('S10').itemsize, 10)
+
+    def test_any_float(self):
+        # all and any for floats
+        a = np.array([0.1, 0.9])
+        assert_(np.any(a))
+        assert_(np.all(a))
+
+    def test_large_float_sum(self):
+        a = np.arange(10000, dtype='f')
+        assert_equal(a.sum(dtype='d'), a.astype('d').sum())
+
+    def test_ufunc_casting_out(self):
+        a = np.array(1.0, dtype=np.float32)
+        b = np.array(1.0, dtype=np.float64)
+        c = np.array(1.0, dtype=np.float32)
+        np.add(a, b, out=c)
+        assert_equal(c, 2.0)
+
+    def test_array_scalar_contiguous(self):
+        # Array scalars are both C and Fortran contiguous
+        assert_(np.array(1.0).flags.c_contiguous)
+        assert_(np.array(1.0).flags.f_contiguous)
+        assert_(np.array(np.float32(1.0)).flags.c_contiguous)
+        assert_(np.array(np.float32(1.0)).flags.f_contiguous)
+
+    def test_squeeze_contiguous(self):
+        # Similar to GitHub issue #387
+        a = np.zeros((1, 2)).squeeze()
+        b = np.zeros((2, 2, 2), order='F')[:, :, ::2].squeeze()
+        assert_(a.flags.c_contiguous)
+        assert_(a.flags.f_contiguous)
+        assert_(b.flags.f_contiguous)
+
+    def test_squeeze_axis_handling(self):
+        # Issue #10779
+        # Ensure proper handling of objects
+        # that don't support axis specification
+        # when squeezing
+
+        class OldSqueeze(np.ndarray):
+
+            def __new__(cls,
+                        input_array):
+                obj = np.asarray(input_array).view(cls)
+                return obj
+
+            # it is perfectly reasonable that prior
+            # to numpy version 1.7.0 a subclass of ndarray
+            # might have been created that did not expect
+            # squeeze to have an axis argument
+            # NOTE: this example is somewhat artificial;
+            # it is designed to simulate an old API
+            # expectation to guard against regression
+            def squeeze(self):
+                return super().squeeze()
+
+        oldsqueeze = OldSqueeze(np.array([[1],[2],[3]]))
+
+        # if no axis argument is specified the old API
+        # expectation should give the correct result
+        assert_equal(np.squeeze(oldsqueeze),
+                     np.array([1,2,3]))
+
+        # likewise, axis=None should work perfectly well
+        # with the old API expectation
+        assert_equal(np.squeeze(oldsqueeze, axis=None),
+                     np.array([1,2,3]))
+
+        # however, specification of any particular axis
+        # should raise a TypeError in the context of the
+        # old API specification, even when using a valid
+        # axis specification like 1 for this array
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            # this would silently succeed for array
+            # subclasses / objects that did not support
+            # squeeze axis argument handling before fixing
+            # Issue #10779
+            np.squeeze(oldsqueeze, axis=1)
+
+        # check for the same behavior when using an invalid
+        # axis specification -- in this case axis=0 does not
+        # have size 1, but the priority should be to raise
+        # a TypeError for the axis argument and NOT a
+        # ValueError for squeezing a non-empty dimension
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            np.squeeze(oldsqueeze, axis=0)
+
+        # the new API knows how to handle the axis
+        # argument and will return a ValueError if
+        # attempting to squeeze an axis that is not
+        # of length 1
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            np.squeeze(np.array([[1],[2],[3]]), axis=0)
+
+    def test_reduce_contiguous(self):
+        # GitHub issue #387
+        a = np.add.reduce(np.zeros((2, 1, 2)), (0, 1))
+        b = np.add.reduce(np.zeros((2, 1, 2)), 1)
+        assert_(a.flags.c_contiguous)
+        assert_(a.flags.f_contiguous)
+        assert_(b.flags.c_contiguous)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYSTON, reason="Pyston disables recursion checking")
+    def test_object_array_self_reference(self):
+        # Object arrays with references to themselves can cause problems
+        a = np.array(0, dtype=object)
+        a[()] = a
+        assert_raises(RecursionError, int, a)
+        assert_raises(RecursionError, float, a)
+        a[()] = None
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYSTON, reason="Pyston disables recursion checking")
+    def test_object_array_circular_reference(self):
+        # Test the same for a circular reference.
+        a = np.array(0, dtype=object)
+        b = np.array(0, dtype=object)
+        a[()] = b
+        b[()] = a
+        assert_raises(RecursionError, int, a)
+        # NumPy has no tp_traverse currently, so circular references
+        # cannot be detected. So resolve it:
+        a[()] = None
+
+        # This was causing a to become like the above
+        a = np.array(0, dtype=object)
+        a[...] += 1
+        assert_equal(a, 1)
+
+    def test_object_array_nested(self):
+        # but is fine with a reference to a different array
+        a = np.array(0, dtype=object)
+        b = np.array(0, dtype=object)
+        a[()] = b
+        assert_equal(int(a), int(0))
+        assert_equal(float(a), float(0))
+
+    def test_object_array_self_copy(self):
+        # An object array being copied into itself DECREF'ed before INCREF'ing
+        # causing segmentation faults (gh-3787)
+        a = np.array(object(), dtype=object)
+        np.copyto(a, a)
+        if HAS_REFCOUNT:
+            assert_(sys.getrefcount(a[()]) == 2)
+        a[()].__class__  # will segfault if object was deleted
+
+    def test_zerosize_accumulate(self):
+        "Ticket #1733"
+        x = np.array([[42, 0]], dtype=np.uint32)
+        assert_equal(np.add.accumulate(x[:-1, 0]), [])
+
+    def test_objectarray_setfield(self):
+        # Setfield should not overwrite Object fields with non-Object data
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, x.setfield, 4, np.int32, 0)
+
+    def test_setting_rank0_string(self):
+        "Ticket #1736"
+        s1 = b"hello1"
+        s2 = b"hello2"
+        a = np.zeros((), dtype="S10")
+        a[()] = s1
+        assert_equal(a, np.array(s1))
+        a[()] = np.array(s2)
+        assert_equal(a, np.array(s2))
+
+        a = np.zeros((), dtype='f4')
+        a[()] = 3
+        assert_equal(a, np.array(3))
+        a[()] = np.array(4)
+        assert_equal(a, np.array(4))
+
+    def test_string_astype(self):
+        "Ticket #1748"
+        s1 = b'black'
+        s2 = b'white'
+        s3 = b'other'
+        a = np.array([[s1], [s2], [s3]])
+        assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('S5'))
+        b = a.astype(np.dtype('S0'))
+        assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('S5'))
+
+    def test_ticket_1756(self):
+        # Ticket #1756
+        s = b'0123456789abcdef'
+        a = np.array([s]*5)
+        for i in range(1, 17):
+            a1 = np.array(a, "|S%d" % i)
+            a2 = np.array([s[:i]]*5)
+            assert_equal(a1, a2)
+
+    def test_fields_strides(self):
+        "gh-2355"
+        r = np.frombuffer(b'abcdefghijklmnop'*4*3, dtype='i4,(2,3)u2')
+        assert_equal(r[0:3:2]['f1'], r['f1'][0:3:2])
+        assert_equal(r[0:3:2]['f1'][0], r[0:3:2][0]['f1'])
+        assert_equal(r[0:3:2]['f1'][0][()], r[0:3:2][0]['f1'][()])
+        assert_equal(r[0:3:2]['f1'][0].strides, r[0:3:2][0]['f1'].strides)
+
+    def test_alignment_update(self):
+        # Check that alignment flag is updated on stride setting
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        assert_(a.flags.aligned)
+        a.strides = 3
+        assert_(not a.flags.aligned)
+
+    def test_ticket_1770(self):
+        "Should not segfault on python 3k"
+        import numpy as np
+        try:
+            a = np.zeros((1,), dtype=[('f1', 'f')])
+            a['f1'] = 1
+            a['f2'] = 1
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        except Exception:
+            raise AssertionError
+
+    def test_ticket_1608(self):
+        "x.flat shouldn't modify data"
+        x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]).T
+        np.array(x.flat)
+        assert_equal(x, [[1, 3], [2, 4]])
+
+    def test_pickle_string_overwrite(self):
+        import re
+
+        data = np.array([1], dtype='b')
+        blob = pickle.dumps(data, protocol=1)
+        data = pickle.loads(blob)
+
+        # Check that loads does not clobber interned strings
+        s = re.sub("a(.)", "\x01\\1", "a_")
+        assert_equal(s[0], "\x01")
+        data[0] = 0x6a
+        s = re.sub("a(.)", "\x01\\1", "a_")
+        assert_equal(s[0], "\x01")
+
+    def test_pickle_bytes_overwrite(self):
+        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            data = np.array([1], dtype='b')
+            data = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(data, protocol=proto))
+            data[0] = 0x7d
+            bytestring = "\x01  ".encode('ascii')
+            assert_equal(bytestring[0:1], '\x01'.encode('ascii'))
+
+    def test_pickle_py2_array_latin1_hack(self):
+        # Check that unpickling hacks in Py3 that support
+        # encoding='latin1' work correctly.
+
+        # Python2 output for pickle.dumps(numpy.array([129], dtype='b'))
+        data = (b"cnumpy.core.multiarray\n_reconstruct\np0\n(cnumpy\nndarray\np1\n(I0\n"
+                b"tp2\nS'b'\np3\ntp4\nRp5\n(I1\n(I1\ntp6\ncnumpy\ndtype\np7\n(S'i1'\np8\n"
+                b"I0\nI1\ntp9\nRp10\n(I3\nS'|'\np11\nNNNI-1\nI-1\nI0\ntp12\nbI00\nS'\\x81'\n"
+                b"p13\ntp14\nb.")
+        # This should work:
+        result = pickle.loads(data, encoding='latin1')
+        assert_array_equal(result, np.array([129]).astype('b'))
+        # Should not segfault:
+        assert_raises(Exception, pickle.loads, data, encoding='koi8-r')
+
+    def test_pickle_py2_scalar_latin1_hack(self):
+        # Check that scalar unpickling hack in Py3 that supports
+        # encoding='latin1' work correctly.
+
+        # Python2 output for pickle.dumps(...)
+        datas = [
+            # (original, python2_pickle, koi8r_validity)
+            (np.str_('\u6bd2'),
+             (b"cnumpy.core.multiarray\nscalar\np0\n(cnumpy\ndtype\np1\n"
+              b"(S'U1'\np2\nI0\nI1\ntp3\nRp4\n(I3\nS'<'\np5\nNNNI4\nI4\nI0\n"
+              b"tp6\nbS'\\xd2k\\x00\\x00'\np7\ntp8\nRp9\n."),
+             'invalid'),
+
+            (np.float64(9e123),
+             (b"cnumpy.core.multiarray\nscalar\np0\n(cnumpy\ndtype\np1\n(S'f8'\n"
+              b"p2\nI0\nI1\ntp3\nRp4\n(I3\nS'<'\np5\nNNNI-1\nI-1\nI0\ntp6\n"
+              b"bS'O\\x81\\xb7Z\\xaa:\\xabY'\np7\ntp8\nRp9\n."),
+             'invalid'),
+
+            (np.bytes_(b'\x9c'),  # different 8-bit code point in KOI8-R vs latin1
+             (b"cnumpy.core.multiarray\nscalar\np0\n(cnumpy\ndtype\np1\n(S'S1'\np2\n"
+              b"I0\nI1\ntp3\nRp4\n(I3\nS'|'\np5\nNNNI1\nI1\nI0\ntp6\nbS'\\x9c'\np7\n"
+              b"tp8\nRp9\n."),
+             'different'),
+        ]
+        for original, data, koi8r_validity in datas:
+            result = pickle.loads(data, encoding='latin1')
+            assert_equal(result, original)
+
+            # Decoding under non-latin1 encoding (e.g.) KOI8-R can
+            # produce bad results, but should not segfault.
+            if koi8r_validity == 'different':
+                # Unicode code points happen to lie within latin1,
+                # but are different in koi8-r, resulting to silent
+                # bogus results
+                result = pickle.loads(data, encoding='koi8-r')
+                assert_(result != original)
+            elif koi8r_validity == 'invalid':
+                # Unicode code points outside latin1, so results
+                # to an encoding exception
+                assert_raises(ValueError, pickle.loads, data, encoding='koi8-r')
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(koi8r_validity)
+
+    def test_structured_type_to_object(self):
+        a_rec = np.array([(0, 1), (3, 2)], dtype='i4,i8')
+        a_obj = np.empty((2,), dtype=object)
+        a_obj[0] = (0, 1)
+        a_obj[1] = (3, 2)
+        # astype records -> object
+        assert_equal(a_rec.astype(object), a_obj)
+        # '=' records -> object
+        b = np.empty_like(a_obj)
+        b[...] = a_rec
+        assert_equal(b, a_obj)
+        # '=' object -> records
+        b = np.empty_like(a_rec)
+        b[...] = a_obj
+        assert_equal(b, a_rec)
+
+    def test_assign_obj_listoflists(self):
+        # Ticket # 1870
+        # The inner list should get assigned to the object elements
+        a = np.zeros(4, dtype=object)
+        b = a.copy()
+        a[0] = [1]
+        a[1] = [2]
+        a[2] = [3]
+        a[3] = [4]
+        b[...] = [[1], [2], [3], [4]]
+        assert_equal(a, b)
+        # The first dimension should get broadcast
+        a = np.zeros((2, 2), dtype=object)
+        a[...] = [[1, 2]]
+        assert_equal(a, [[1, 2], [1, 2]])
+
+    @pytest.mark.slow_pypy
+    def test_memoryleak(self):
+        # Ticket #1917 - ensure that array data doesn't leak
+        for i in range(1000):
+            # 100MB times 1000 would give 100GB of memory usage if it leaks
+            a = np.empty((100000000,), dtype='i1')
+            del a
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_REFCOUNT, reason="Python lacks refcounts")
+    def test_ufunc_reduce_memoryleak(self):
+        a = np.arange(6)
+        acnt = sys.getrefcount(a)
+        np.add.reduce(a)
+        assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(a), acnt)
+
+    def test_search_sorted_invalid_arguments(self):
+        # Ticket #2021, should not segfault.
+        x = np.arange(0, 4, dtype='datetime64[D]')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, x.searchsorted, 1)
+
+    def test_string_truncation(self):
+        # Ticket #1990 - Data can be truncated in creation of an array from a
+        # mixed sequence of numeric values and strings (gh-2583)
+        for val in [True, 1234, 123.4, complex(1, 234)]:
+            for tostr, dtype in [(asunicode, "U"), (asbytes, "S")]:
+                b = np.array([val, tostr('xx')], dtype=dtype)
+                assert_equal(tostr(b[0]), tostr(val))
+                b = np.array([tostr('xx'), val], dtype=dtype)
+                assert_equal(tostr(b[1]), tostr(val))
+
+                # test also with longer strings
+                b = np.array([val, tostr('xxxxxxxxxx')], dtype=dtype)
+                assert_equal(tostr(b[0]), tostr(val))
+                b = np.array([tostr('xxxxxxxxxx'), val], dtype=dtype)
+                assert_equal(tostr(b[1]), tostr(val))
+
+    def test_string_truncation_ucs2(self):
+        # Ticket #2081. Python compiled with two byte unicode
+        # can lead to truncation if itemsize is not properly
+        # adjusted for NumPy's four byte unicode.
+        a = np.array(['abcd'])
+        assert_equal(a.dtype.itemsize, 16)
+
+    def test_unique_stable(self):
+        # Ticket #2063 must always choose stable sort for argsort to
+        # get consistent results
+        v = np.array(([0]*5 + [1]*6 + [2]*6)*4)
+        res = np.unique(v, return_index=True)
+        tgt = (np.array([0, 1, 2]), np.array([ 0,  5, 11]))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_unicode_alloc_dealloc_match(self):
+        # Ticket #1578, the mismatch only showed up when running
+        # python-debug for python versions >= 2.7, and then as
+        # a core dump and error message.
+        a = np.array(['abc'], dtype=np.str_)[0]
+        del a
+
+    def test_refcount_error_in_clip(self):
+        # Ticket #1588
+        a = np.zeros((2,), dtype='>i2').clip(min=0)
+        x = a + a
+        # This used to segfault:
+        y = str(x)
+        # Check the final string:
+        assert_(y == "[0 0]")
+
+    def test_searchsorted_wrong_dtype(self):
+        # Ticket #2189, it used to segfault, so we check that it raises the
+        # proper exception.
+        a = np.array([('a', 1)], dtype='S1, int')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.searchsorted, a, 1.2)
+        # Ticket #2066, similar problem:
+        dtype = np.format_parser(['i4', 'i4'], [], [])
+        a = np.recarray((2,), dtype)
+        a[...] = [(1, 2), (3, 4)]
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.searchsorted, a, 1)
+
+    def test_complex64_alignment(self):
+        # Issue gh-2668 (trac 2076), segfault on sparc due to misalignment
+        dtt = np.complex64
+        arr = np.arange(10, dtype=dtt)
+        # 2D array
+        arr2 = np.reshape(arr, (2, 5))
+        # Fortran write followed by (C or F) read caused bus error
+        data_str = arr2.tobytes('F')
+        data_back = np.ndarray(arr2.shape,
+                              arr2.dtype,
+                              buffer=data_str,
+                              order='F')
+        assert_array_equal(arr2, data_back)
+
+    def test_structured_count_nonzero(self):
+        arr = np.array([0, 1]).astype('i4, (2)i4')[:1]
+        count = np.count_nonzero(arr)
+        assert_equal(count, 0)
+
+    def test_copymodule_preserves_f_contiguity(self):
+        a = np.empty((2, 2), order='F')
+        b = copy.copy(a)
+        c = copy.deepcopy(a)
+        assert_(b.flags.fortran)
+        assert_(b.flags.f_contiguous)
+        assert_(c.flags.fortran)
+        assert_(c.flags.f_contiguous)
+
+    def test_fortran_order_buffer(self):
+        import numpy as np
+        a = np.array([['Hello', 'Foob']], dtype='U5', order='F')
+        arr = np.ndarray(shape=[1, 2, 5], dtype='U1', buffer=a)
+        arr2 = np.array([[['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'],
+                          ['F', 'o', 'o', 'b', '']]])
+        assert_array_equal(arr, arr2)
+
+    def test_assign_from_sequence_error(self):
+        # Ticket #4024.
+        arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, arr.__setitem__, slice(None), [9, 9])
+        arr.__setitem__(slice(None), [9])
+        assert_equal(arr, [9, 9, 9])
+
+    def test_format_on_flex_array_element(self):
+        # Ticket #4369.
+        dt = np.dtype([('date', ' 0:
+            # unpickling ndarray goes through _frombuffer for protocol 5
+            assert b'numpy.core.numeric' in s
+        else:
+            assert b'numpy.core.multiarray' in s
+
+    def test_object_casting_errors(self):
+        # gh-11993 update to ValueError (see gh-16909), since strings can in
+        # principle be converted to complex, but this string cannot.
+        arr = np.array(['AAAAA', 18465886.0, 18465886.0], dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, arr.astype, 'c8')
+
+    def test_eff1d_casting(self):
+        # gh-12711
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 4, 7, 0], dtype=np.int16)
+        res = np.ediff1d(x, to_begin=-99, to_end=np.array([88, 99]))
+        assert_equal(res, [-99,   1,   2,   3,  -7,  88,  99])
+
+        # The use of safe casting means, that 1<<20 is cast unsafely, an
+        # error may be better, but currently there is no mechanism for it.
+        res = np.ediff1d(x, to_begin=(1<<20), to_end=(1<<20))
+        assert_equal(res, [0,   1,   2,   3,  -7,  0])
+
+    def test_pickle_datetime64_array(self):
+        # gh-12745 (would fail with pickle5 installed)
+        d = np.datetime64('2015-07-04 12:59:59.50', 'ns')
+        arr = np.array([d])
+        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            dumped = pickle.dumps(arr, protocol=proto)
+            assert_equal(pickle.loads(dumped), arr)
+
+    def test_bad_array_interface(self):
+        class T:
+            __array_interface__ = {}
+
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            np.array([T()])
+
+    def test_2d__array__shape(self):
+        class T:
+            def __array__(self):
+                return np.ndarray(shape=(0,0))
+
+            # Make sure __array__ is used instead of Sequence methods.
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return iter([])
+
+            def __getitem__(self, idx):
+                raise AssertionError("__getitem__ was called")
+
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 0
+
+
+        t = T()
+        # gh-13659, would raise in broadcasting [x=t for x in result]
+        arr = np.array([t])
+        assert arr.shape == (1, 0, 0)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize < 2 ** 31 + 1, reason='overflows 32-bit python')
+    def test_to_ctypes(self):
+        #gh-14214
+        arr = np.zeros((2 ** 31 + 1,), 'b')
+        assert arr.size * arr.itemsize > 2 ** 31
+        c_arr = np.ctypeslib.as_ctypes(arr)
+        assert_equal(c_arr._length_, arr.size)
+
+    def test_complex_conversion_error(self):
+        # gh-17068
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=r"Unable to convert dtype.*"):
+            complex(np.array("now", np.datetime64))
+
+    def test__array_interface__descr(self):
+        # gh-17068
+        dt = np.dtype(dict(names=['a', 'b'],
+                           offsets=[0, 0],
+                           formats=[np.int64, np.int64]))
+        descr = np.array((1, 1), dtype=dt).__array_interface__['descr']
+        assert descr == [('', '|V8')]  # instead of [(b'', '|V8')]
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize < 2 ** 31 + 1, reason='overflows 32-bit python')
+    @requires_memory(free_bytes=9e9)
+    def test_dot_big_stride(self):
+        # gh-17111
+        # blas stride = stride//itemsize > int32 max
+        int32_max = np.iinfo(np.int32).max
+        n = int32_max + 3
+        a = np.empty([n], dtype=np.float32)
+        b = a[::n-1]
+        b[...] = 1
+        assert b.strides[0] > int32_max * b.dtype.itemsize
+        assert np.dot(b, b) == 2.0
+
+    def test_frompyfunc_name(self):
+        # name conversion was failing for python 3 strings
+        # resulting in the default '?' name. Also test utf-8
+        # encoding using non-ascii name.
+        def cassé(x):
+            return x
+
+        f = np.frompyfunc(cassé, 1, 1)
+        assert str(f) == ""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("operation", [
+        'add', 'subtract', 'multiply', 'floor_divide',
+        'conjugate', 'fmod', 'square', 'reciprocal',
+        'power', 'absolute', 'negative', 'positive',
+        'greater', 'greater_equal', 'less',
+        'less_equal', 'equal', 'not_equal', 'logical_and',
+        'logical_not', 'logical_or', 'bitwise_and', 'bitwise_or',
+        'bitwise_xor', 'invert', 'left_shift', 'right_shift',
+        'gcd', 'lcm'
+        ]
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("order", [
+        ('b->', 'B->'),
+        ('h->', 'H->'),
+        ('i->', 'I->'),
+        ('l->', 'L->'),
+        ('q->', 'Q->'),
+        ]
+    )
+    def test_ufunc_order(self, operation, order):
+        # gh-18075
+        # Ensure signed types before unsigned
+        def get_idx(string, str_lst):
+            for i, s in enumerate(str_lst):
+                if string in s:
+                    return i
+            raise ValueError(f"{string} not in list")
+        types = getattr(np, operation).types
+        assert get_idx(order[0], types) < get_idx(order[1], types), (
+                f"Unexpected types order of ufunc in {operation}"
+                f"for {order}. Possible fix: Use signed before unsigned"
+                "in generate_umath.py")
+
+    def test_nonbool_logical(self):
+        # gh-22845
+        # create two arrays with bit patterns that do not overlap.
+        # needs to be large enough to test both SIMD and scalar paths
+        size = 100
+        a = np.frombuffer(b'\x01' * size, dtype=np.bool_)
+        b = np.frombuffer(b'\x80' * size, dtype=np.bool_)
+        expected = np.ones(size, dtype=np.bool_)
+        assert_array_equal(np.logical_and(a, b), expected)
+
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalar_ctors.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalar_ctors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da976d64fd7cc6297eabb2c9e881df253586cca4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalar_ctors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+"""
+Test the scalar constructors, which also do type-coercion
+"""
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_equal, assert_almost_equal, assert_warns,
+    )
+
+class TestFromString:
+    def test_floating(self):
+        # Ticket #640, floats from string
+        fsingle = np.single('1.234')
+        fdouble = np.double('1.234')
+        flongdouble = np.longdouble('1.234')
+        assert_almost_equal(fsingle, 1.234)
+        assert_almost_equal(fdouble, 1.234)
+        assert_almost_equal(flongdouble, 1.234)
+
+    def test_floating_overflow(self):
+        """ Strings containing an unrepresentable float overflow """
+        fhalf = np.half('1e10000')
+        assert_equal(fhalf, np.inf)
+        fsingle = np.single('1e10000')
+        assert_equal(fsingle, np.inf)
+        fdouble = np.double('1e10000')
+        assert_equal(fdouble, np.inf)
+        flongdouble = assert_warns(RuntimeWarning, np.longdouble, '1e10000')
+        assert_equal(flongdouble, np.inf)
+
+        fhalf = np.half('-1e10000')
+        assert_equal(fhalf, -np.inf)
+        fsingle = np.single('-1e10000')
+        assert_equal(fsingle, -np.inf)
+        fdouble = np.double('-1e10000')
+        assert_equal(fdouble, -np.inf)
+        flongdouble = assert_warns(RuntimeWarning, np.longdouble, '-1e10000')
+        assert_equal(flongdouble, -np.inf)
+
+
+class TestExtraArgs:
+    def test_superclass(self):
+        # try both positional and keyword arguments
+        s = np.str_(b'\\x61', encoding='unicode-escape')
+        assert s == 'a'
+        s = np.str_(b'\\x61', 'unicode-escape')
+        assert s == 'a'
+
+        # previously this would return '\\xx'
+        with pytest.raises(UnicodeDecodeError):
+            np.str_(b'\\xx', encoding='unicode-escape')
+        with pytest.raises(UnicodeDecodeError):
+            np.str_(b'\\xx', 'unicode-escape')
+
+        # superclass fails, but numpy succeeds
+        assert np.bytes_(-2) == b'-2'
+
+    def test_datetime(self):
+        dt = np.datetime64('2000-01', ('M', 2))
+        assert np.datetime_data(dt) == ('M', 2)
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.datetime64('2000', garbage=True)
+
+    def test_bool(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.bool_(False, garbage=True)
+
+    def test_void(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.void(b'test', garbage=True)
+
+
+class TestFromInt:
+    def test_intp(self):
+        # Ticket #99
+        assert_equal(1024, np.intp(1024))
+
+    def test_uint64_from_negative(self):
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.uint64(-2), np.uint64(18446744073709551614))
+
+
+int_types = [np.byte, np.short, np.intc, np.int_, np.longlong]
+uint_types = [np.ubyte, np.ushort, np.uintc, np.uint, np.ulonglong]
+float_types = [np.half, np.single, np.double, np.longdouble]
+cfloat_types = [np.csingle, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble]
+
+
+class TestArrayFromScalar:
+    """ gh-15467 """
+
+    def _do_test(self, t1, t2):
+        x = t1(2)
+        arr = np.array(x, dtype=t2)
+        # type should be preserved exactly
+        if t2 is None:
+            assert arr.dtype.type is t1
+        else:
+            assert arr.dtype.type is t2
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t1', int_types + uint_types)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t2', int_types + uint_types + [None])
+    def test_integers(self, t1, t2):
+        return self._do_test(t1, t2)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t1', float_types)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t2', float_types + [None])
+    def test_reals(self, t1, t2):
+        return self._do_test(t1, t2)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t1', cfloat_types)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('t2', cfloat_types + [None])
+    def test_complex(self, t1, t2):
+        return self._do_test(t1, t2)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("length",
+        [5, np.int8(5), np.array(5, dtype=np.uint16)])
+def test_void_via_length(length):
+    res = np.void(length)
+    assert type(res) is np.void
+    assert res.item() == b"\0" * 5
+    assert res.dtype == "V5"
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bytes_",
+        [b"spam", np.array(567.)])
+def test_void_from_byteslike(bytes_):
+    res = np.void(bytes_)
+    expected = bytes(bytes_)
+    assert type(res) is np.void
+    assert res.item() == expected
+
+    # Passing dtype can extend it (this is how filling works)
+    res = np.void(bytes_, dtype="V100")
+    assert type(res) is np.void
+    assert res.item()[:len(expected)] == expected
+    assert res.item()[len(expected):] == b"\0" * (res.nbytes - len(expected))
+    # As well as shorten:
+    res = np.void(bytes_, dtype="V4")
+    assert type(res) is np.void
+    assert res.item() == expected[:4]
+
+def test_void_arraylike_trumps_byteslike():
+    # The memoryview is converted as an array-like of shape (18,)
+    # rather than a single bytes-like of that length.
+    m = memoryview(b"just one mintleaf?")
+    res = np.void(m)
+    assert type(res) is np.ndarray
+    assert res.dtype == "V1"
+    assert res.shape == (18,)
+
+def test_void_dtype_arg():
+    # Basic test for the dtype argument (positional and keyword)
+    res = np.void((1, 2), dtype="i,i")
+    assert res.item() == (1, 2)
+    res = np.void((2, 3), "i,i")
+    assert res.item() == (2, 3)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("data",
+        [5, np.int8(5), np.array(5, dtype=np.uint16)])
+def test_void_from_integer_with_dtype(data):
+    # The "length" meaning is ignored, rather data is used:
+    res = np.void(data, dtype="i,i")
+    assert type(res) is np.void
+    assert res.dtype == "i,i"
+    assert res["f0"] == 5 and res["f1"] == 5
+
+def test_void_from_structure():
+    dtype = np.dtype([('s', [('f', 'f8'), ('u', 'U1')]), ('i', 'i2')])
+    data = np.array(((1., 'a'), 2), dtype=dtype)
+    res = np.void(data[()], dtype=dtype)
+    assert type(res) is np.void
+    assert res.dtype == dtype
+    assert res == data[()]
+
+def test_void_bad_dtype():
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+            match="void: descr must be a `void.*int64"):
+        np.void(4, dtype="i8")
+
+    # Subarray dtype (with shape `(4,)` is rejected):
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+            match=r"void: descr must be a `void.*\(4,\)"):
+        np.void(4, dtype="4i")
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalar_methods.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalar_methods.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..18a7bc828b34d35868cb1be06084f3997f80907e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalar_methods.py
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+"""
+Test the scalar constructors, which also do type-coercion
+"""
+import fractions
+import platform
+import types
+from typing import Any, Type
+
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
+
+from numpy.testing import assert_equal, assert_raises, IS_MUSL
+
+
+class TestAsIntegerRatio:
+    # derived in part from the cpython test "test_floatasratio"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ftype", [
+        np.half, np.single, np.double, np.longdouble])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("f, ratio", [
+        (0.875, (7, 8)),
+        (-0.875, (-7, 8)),
+        (0.0, (0, 1)),
+        (11.5, (23, 2)),
+        ])
+    def test_small(self, ftype, f, ratio):
+        assert_equal(ftype(f).as_integer_ratio(), ratio)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ftype", [
+        np.half, np.single, np.double, np.longdouble])
+    def test_simple_fractions(self, ftype):
+        R = fractions.Fraction
+        assert_equal(R(0, 1),
+                     R(*ftype(0.0).as_integer_ratio()))
+        assert_equal(R(5, 2),
+                     R(*ftype(2.5).as_integer_ratio()))
+        assert_equal(R(1, 2),
+                     R(*ftype(0.5).as_integer_ratio()))
+        assert_equal(R(-2100, 1),
+                     R(*ftype(-2100.0).as_integer_ratio()))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ftype", [
+        np.half, np.single, np.double, np.longdouble])
+    def test_errors(self, ftype):
+        assert_raises(OverflowError, ftype('inf').as_integer_ratio)
+        assert_raises(OverflowError, ftype('-inf').as_integer_ratio)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, ftype('nan').as_integer_ratio)
+
+    def test_against_known_values(self):
+        R = fractions.Fraction
+        assert_equal(R(1075, 512),
+                     R(*np.half(2.1).as_integer_ratio()))
+        assert_equal(R(-1075, 512),
+                     R(*np.half(-2.1).as_integer_ratio()))
+        assert_equal(R(4404019, 2097152),
+                     R(*np.single(2.1).as_integer_ratio()))
+        assert_equal(R(-4404019, 2097152),
+                     R(*np.single(-2.1).as_integer_ratio()))
+        assert_equal(R(4728779608739021, 2251799813685248),
+                     R(*np.double(2.1).as_integer_ratio()))
+        assert_equal(R(-4728779608739021, 2251799813685248),
+                     R(*np.double(-2.1).as_integer_ratio()))
+        # longdouble is platform dependent
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ftype, frac_vals, exp_vals", [
+        # dtype test cases generated using hypothesis
+        # first five generated cases per dtype
+        (np.half, [0.0, 0.01154830649280303, 0.31082276347447274,
+                   0.527350517124794, 0.8308562335072596],
+                  [0, 1, 0, -8, 12]),
+        (np.single, [0.0, 0.09248576989263226, 0.8160498218131407,
+                     0.17389442853722373, 0.7956044195067877],
+                    [0, 12, 10, 17, -26]),
+        (np.double, [0.0, 0.031066908499895136, 0.5214135908877832,
+                     0.45780736035689296, 0.5906586745934036],
+                    [0, -801, 51, 194, -653]),
+        pytest.param(
+            np.longdouble,
+            [0.0, 0.20492557202724854, 0.4277180662199366, 0.9888085019891495,
+             0.9620175814461964],
+            [0, -7400, 14266, -7822, -8721],
+            marks=[
+                pytest.mark.skipif(
+                    np.finfo(np.double) == np.finfo(np.longdouble),
+                    reason="long double is same as double"),
+                pytest.mark.skipif(
+                    platform.machine().startswith("ppc"),
+                    reason="IBM double double"),
+            ]
+        )
+    ])
+    def test_roundtrip(self, ftype, frac_vals, exp_vals):
+        for frac, exp in zip(frac_vals, exp_vals):
+            f = np.ldexp(ftype(frac), exp)
+            assert f.dtype == ftype
+            n, d = f.as_integer_ratio()
+
+            try:
+                nf = np.longdouble(n)
+                df = np.longdouble(d)
+                if not np.isfinite(df):
+                    raise OverflowError
+            except (OverflowError, RuntimeWarning):
+                # the values may not fit in any float type
+                pytest.skip("longdouble too small on this platform")
+
+            assert_equal(nf / df, f, "{}/{}".format(n, d))
+
+
+class TestIsInteger:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("str_value", ["inf", "nan"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("code", np.typecodes["Float"])
+    def test_special(self, code: str, str_value: str) -> None:
+        cls = np.dtype(code).type
+        value = cls(str_value)
+        assert not value.is_integer()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "code", np.typecodes["Float"] + np.typecodes["AllInteger"]
+    )
+    def test_true(self, code: str) -> None:
+        float_array = np.arange(-5, 5).astype(code)
+        for value in float_array:
+            assert value.is_integer()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("code", np.typecodes["Float"])
+    def test_false(self, code: str) -> None:
+        float_array = np.arange(-5, 5).astype(code)
+        float_array *= 1.1
+        for value in float_array:
+            if value == 0:
+                continue
+            assert not value.is_integer()
+
+
+class TestClassGetItem:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("cls", [
+        np.number,
+        np.integer,
+        np.inexact,
+        np.unsignedinteger,
+        np.signedinteger,
+        np.floating,
+    ])
+    def test_abc(self, cls: Type[np.number]) -> None:
+        alias = cls[Any]
+        assert isinstance(alias, types.GenericAlias)
+        assert alias.__origin__ is cls
+
+    def test_abc_complexfloating(self) -> None:
+        alias = np.complexfloating[Any, Any]
+        assert isinstance(alias, types.GenericAlias)
+        assert alias.__origin__ is np.complexfloating
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arg_len", range(4))
+    def test_abc_complexfloating_subscript_tuple(self, arg_len: int) -> None:
+        arg_tup = (Any,) * arg_len
+        if arg_len in (1, 2):
+            assert np.complexfloating[arg_tup]
+        else:
+            match = f"Too {'few' if arg_len == 0 else 'many'} arguments"
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=match):
+                np.complexfloating[arg_tup]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("cls", [np.generic, np.flexible, np.character])
+    def test_abc_non_numeric(self, cls: Type[np.generic]) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            cls[Any]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("code", np.typecodes["All"])
+    def test_concrete(self, code: str) -> None:
+        cls = np.dtype(code).type
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            cls[Any]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arg_len", range(4))
+    def test_subscript_tuple(self, arg_len: int) -> None:
+        arg_tup = (Any,) * arg_len
+        if arg_len == 1:
+            assert np.number[arg_tup]
+        else:
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+                np.number[arg_tup]
+
+    def test_subscript_scalar(self) -> None:
+        assert np.number[Any]
+
+
+class TestBitCount:
+    # derived in part from the cpython test "test_bit_count"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("itype", np.sctypes['int']+np.sctypes['uint'])
+    def test_small(self, itype):
+        for a in range(max(np.iinfo(itype).min, 0), 128):
+            msg = f"Smoke test for {itype}({a}).bit_count()"
+            assert itype(a).bit_count() == bin(a).count("1"), msg
+
+    def test_bit_count(self):
+        for exp in [10, 17, 63]:
+            a = 2**exp
+            assert np.uint64(a).bit_count() == 1
+            assert np.uint64(a - 1).bit_count() == exp
+            assert np.uint64(a ^ 63).bit_count() == 7
+            assert np.uint64((a - 1) ^ 510).bit_count() == exp - 8
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarbuffer.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarbuffer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..31b0494cf00b76d718e97d984e0de81f63e15017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarbuffer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+"""
+Test scalar buffer interface adheres to PEP 3118
+"""
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core._rational_tests import rational
+from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import get_buffer_info
+import pytest
+
+from numpy.testing import assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises
+
+# PEP3118 format strings for native (standard alignment and byteorder) types
+scalars_and_codes = [
+    (np.bool_, '?'),
+    (np.byte, 'b'),
+    (np.short, 'h'),
+    (np.intc, 'i'),
+    (np.int_, 'l'),
+    (np.longlong, 'q'),
+    (np.ubyte, 'B'),
+    (np.ushort, 'H'),
+    (np.uintc, 'I'),
+    (np.uint, 'L'),
+    (np.ulonglong, 'Q'),
+    (np.half, 'e'),
+    (np.single, 'f'),
+    (np.double, 'd'),
+    (np.longdouble, 'g'),
+    (np.csingle, 'Zf'),
+    (np.cdouble, 'Zd'),
+    (np.clongdouble, 'Zg'),
+]
+scalars_only, codes_only = zip(*scalars_and_codes)
+
+
+class TestScalarPEP3118:
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('scalar', scalars_only, ids=codes_only)
+    def test_scalar_match_array(self, scalar):
+        x = scalar()
+        a = np.array([], dtype=np.dtype(scalar))
+        mv_x = memoryview(x)
+        mv_a = memoryview(a)
+        assert_equal(mv_x.format, mv_a.format)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('scalar', scalars_only, ids=codes_only)
+    def test_scalar_dim(self, scalar):
+        x = scalar()
+        mv_x = memoryview(x)
+        assert_equal(mv_x.itemsize, np.dtype(scalar).itemsize)
+        assert_equal(mv_x.ndim, 0)
+        assert_equal(mv_x.shape, ())
+        assert_equal(mv_x.strides, ())
+        assert_equal(mv_x.suboffsets, ())
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('scalar, code', scalars_and_codes, ids=codes_only)
+    def test_scalar_code_and_properties(self, scalar, code):
+        x = scalar()
+        expected = dict(strides=(), itemsize=x.dtype.itemsize, ndim=0,
+                        shape=(), format=code, readonly=True)
+
+        mv_x = memoryview(x)
+        assert self._as_dict(mv_x) == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('scalar', scalars_only, ids=codes_only)
+    def test_scalar_buffers_readonly(self, scalar):
+        x = scalar()
+        with pytest.raises(BufferError, match="scalar buffer is readonly"):
+            get_buffer_info(x, ["WRITABLE"])
+
+    def test_void_scalar_structured_data(self):
+        dt = np.dtype([('name', np.str_, 16), ('grades', np.float64, (2,))])
+        x = np.array(('ndarray_scalar', (1.2, 3.0)), dtype=dt)[()]
+        assert_(isinstance(x, np.void))
+        mv_x = memoryview(x)
+        expected_size = 16 * np.dtype((np.str_, 1)).itemsize
+        expected_size += 2 * np.dtype(np.float64).itemsize
+        assert_equal(mv_x.itemsize, expected_size)
+        assert_equal(mv_x.ndim, 0)
+        assert_equal(mv_x.shape, ())
+        assert_equal(mv_x.strides, ())
+        assert_equal(mv_x.suboffsets, ())
+
+        # check scalar format string against ndarray format string
+        a = np.array([('Sarah', (8.0, 7.0)), ('John', (6.0, 7.0))], dtype=dt)
+        assert_(isinstance(a, np.ndarray))
+        mv_a = memoryview(a)
+        assert_equal(mv_x.itemsize, mv_a.itemsize)
+        assert_equal(mv_x.format, mv_a.format)
+
+        # Check that we do not allow writeable buffer export (technically
+        # we could allow it sometimes here...)
+        with pytest.raises(BufferError, match="scalar buffer is readonly"):
+            get_buffer_info(x, ["WRITABLE"])
+
+    def _as_dict(self, m):
+        return dict(strides=m.strides, shape=m.shape, itemsize=m.itemsize,
+                    ndim=m.ndim, format=m.format, readonly=m.readonly)
+
+    def test_datetime_memoryview(self):
+        # gh-11656
+        # Values verified with v1.13.3, shape is not () as in test_scalar_dim
+
+        dt1 = np.datetime64('2016-01-01')
+        dt2 = np.datetime64('2017-01-01')
+        expected = dict(strides=(1,), itemsize=1, ndim=1, shape=(8,),
+                        format='B', readonly=True)
+        v = memoryview(dt1)
+        assert self._as_dict(v) == expected
+
+        v = memoryview(dt2 - dt1)
+        assert self._as_dict(v) == expected
+
+        dt = np.dtype([('a', 'uint16'), ('b', 'M8[s]')])
+        a = np.empty(1, dt)
+        # Fails to create a PEP 3118 valid buffer
+        assert_raises((ValueError, BufferError), memoryview, a[0])
+
+        # Check that we do not allow writeable buffer export
+        with pytest.raises(BufferError, match="scalar buffer is readonly"):
+            get_buffer_info(dt1, ["WRITABLE"])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('s', [
+        pytest.param("\x32\x32", id="ascii"),
+        pytest.param("\uFE0F\uFE0F", id="basic multilingual"),
+        pytest.param("\U0001f4bb\U0001f4bb", id="non-BMP"),
+    ])
+    def test_str_ucs4(self, s):
+        s = np.str_(s)  # only our subclass implements the buffer protocol
+
+        # all the same, characters always encode as ucs4
+        expected = dict(strides=(), itemsize=8, ndim=0, shape=(), format='2w',
+                        readonly=True)
+
+        v = memoryview(s)
+        assert self._as_dict(v) == expected
+
+        # integers of the paltform-appropriate endianness
+        code_points = np.frombuffer(v, dtype='i4')
+
+        assert_equal(code_points, [ord(c) for c in s])
+
+        # Check that we do not allow writeable buffer export
+        with pytest.raises(BufferError, match="scalar buffer is readonly"):
+            get_buffer_info(s, ["WRITABLE"])
+
+    def test_user_scalar_fails_buffer(self):
+        r = rational(1)
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            memoryview(r)
+
+        # Check that we do not allow writeable buffer export
+        with pytest.raises(BufferError, match="scalar buffer is readonly"):
+            get_buffer_info(r, ["WRITABLE"])
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarinherit.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarinherit.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9c574d5798ea477c396b2def85d27885217386b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarinherit.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+""" Test printing of scalar types.
+
+"""
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import assert_, assert_raises
+
+
+class A:
+    pass
+class B(A, np.float64):
+    pass
+
+class C(B):
+    pass
+class D(C, B):
+    pass
+
+class B0(np.float64, A):
+    pass
+class C0(B0):
+    pass
+
+class HasNew:
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        return cls, args, kwargs
+
+class B1(np.float64, HasNew):
+    pass
+
+
+class TestInherit:
+    def test_init(self):
+        x = B(1.0)
+        assert_(str(x) == '1.0')
+        y = C(2.0)
+        assert_(str(y) == '2.0')
+        z = D(3.0)
+        assert_(str(z) == '3.0')
+
+    def test_init2(self):
+        x = B0(1.0)
+        assert_(str(x) == '1.0')
+        y = C0(2.0)
+        assert_(str(y) == '2.0')
+
+    def test_gh_15395(self):
+        # HasNew is the second base, so `np.float64` should have priority
+        x = B1(1.0)
+        assert_(str(x) == '1.0')
+
+        # previously caused RecursionError!?
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            B1(1.0, 2.0)
+
+
+class TestCharacter:
+    def test_char_radd(self):
+        # GH issue 9620, reached gentype_add and raise TypeError
+        np_s = np.bytes_('abc')
+        np_u = np.str_('abc')
+        s = b'def'
+        u = 'def'
+        assert_(np_s.__radd__(np_s) is NotImplemented)
+        assert_(np_s.__radd__(np_u) is NotImplemented)
+        assert_(np_s.__radd__(s) is NotImplemented)
+        assert_(np_s.__radd__(u) is NotImplemented)
+        assert_(np_u.__radd__(np_s) is NotImplemented)
+        assert_(np_u.__radd__(np_u) is NotImplemented)
+        assert_(np_u.__radd__(s) is NotImplemented)
+        assert_(np_u.__radd__(u) is NotImplemented)
+        assert_(s + np_s == b'defabc')
+        assert_(u + np_u == 'defabc')
+
+        class MyStr(str, np.generic):
+            # would segfault
+            pass
+
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            # Previously worked, but gave completely wrong result
+            ret = s + MyStr('abc')
+
+        class MyBytes(bytes, np.generic):
+            # would segfault
+            pass
+
+        ret = s + MyBytes(b'abc')
+        assert(type(ret) is type(s))
+        assert ret == b"defabc"
+
+    def test_char_repeat(self):
+        np_s = np.bytes_('abc')
+        np_u = np.str_('abc')
+        res_s = b'abc' * 5
+        res_u = 'abc' * 5
+        assert_(np_s * 5 == res_s)
+        assert_(np_u * 5 == res_u)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarmath.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarmath.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9977c8b1163b11898094018591d8483608f37beb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarmath.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1100 @@
+import contextlib
+import sys
+import warnings
+import itertools
+import operator
+import platform
+from numpy._utils import _pep440
+import pytest
+from hypothesis import given, settings
+from hypothesis.strategies import sampled_from
+from hypothesis.extra import numpy as hynp
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_almost_equal,
+    assert_array_equal, IS_PYPY, suppress_warnings, _gen_alignment_data,
+    assert_warns, _SUPPORTS_SVE,
+    )
+
+try:
+    COMPILERS = np.show_config(mode="dicts")["Compilers"]
+    USING_CLANG_CL = COMPILERS["c"]["name"] == "clang-cl"
+except TypeError:
+    USING_CLANG_CL = False
+
+types = [np.bool_, np.byte, np.ubyte, np.short, np.ushort, np.intc, np.uintc,
+         np.int_, np.uint, np.longlong, np.ulonglong,
+         np.single, np.double, np.longdouble, np.csingle,
+         np.cdouble, np.clongdouble]
+
+floating_types = np.floating.__subclasses__()
+complex_floating_types = np.complexfloating.__subclasses__()
+
+objecty_things = [object(), None]
+
+reasonable_operators_for_scalars = [
+    operator.lt, operator.le, operator.eq, operator.ne, operator.ge,
+    operator.gt, operator.add, operator.floordiv, operator.mod,
+    operator.mul, operator.pow, operator.sub, operator.truediv,
+]
+
+
+# This compares scalarmath against ufuncs.
+
+class TestTypes:
+    def test_types(self):
+        for atype in types:
+            a = atype(1)
+            assert_(a == 1, "error with %r: got %r" % (atype, a))
+
+    def test_type_add(self):
+        # list of types
+        for k, atype in enumerate(types):
+            a_scalar = atype(3)
+            a_array = np.array([3], dtype=atype)
+            for l, btype in enumerate(types):
+                b_scalar = btype(1)
+                b_array = np.array([1], dtype=btype)
+                c_scalar = a_scalar + b_scalar
+                c_array = a_array + b_array
+                # It was comparing the type numbers, but the new ufunc
+                # function-finding mechanism finds the lowest function
+                # to which both inputs can be cast - which produces 'l'
+                # when you do 'q' + 'b'.  The old function finding mechanism
+                # skipped ahead based on the first argument, but that
+                # does not produce properly symmetric results...
+                assert_equal(c_scalar.dtype, c_array.dtype,
+                           "error with types (%d/'%c' + %d/'%c')" %
+                            (k, np.dtype(atype).char, l, np.dtype(btype).char))
+
+    def test_type_create(self):
+        for k, atype in enumerate(types):
+            a = np.array([1, 2, 3], atype)
+            b = atype([1, 2, 3])
+            assert_equal(a, b)
+
+    def test_leak(self):
+        # test leak of scalar objects
+        # a leak would show up in valgrind as still-reachable of ~2.6MB
+        for i in range(200000):
+            np.add(1, 1)
+
+
+def check_ufunc_scalar_equivalence(op, arr1, arr2):
+    scalar1 = arr1[()]
+    scalar2 = arr2[()]
+    assert isinstance(scalar1, np.generic)
+    assert isinstance(scalar2, np.generic)
+
+    if arr1.dtype.kind == "c" or arr2.dtype.kind == "c":
+        comp_ops = {operator.ge, operator.gt, operator.le, operator.lt}
+        if op in comp_ops and (np.isnan(scalar1) or np.isnan(scalar2)):
+            pytest.xfail("complex comp ufuncs use sort-order, scalars do not.")
+    if op == operator.pow and arr2.item() in [-1, 0, 0.5, 1, 2]:
+        # array**scalar special case can have different result dtype
+        # (Other powers may have issues also, but are not hit here.)
+        # TODO: It would be nice to resolve this issue.
+        pytest.skip("array**2 can have incorrect/weird result dtype")
+
+    # ignore fpe's since they may just mismatch for integers anyway.
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(), np.errstate(all="ignore"):
+        # Comparisons DeprecationWarnings replacing errors (2022-03):
+        warnings.simplefilter("error", DeprecationWarning)
+        try:
+            res = op(arr1, arr2)
+        except Exception as e:
+            with pytest.raises(type(e)):
+                op(scalar1, scalar2)
+        else:
+            scalar_res = op(scalar1, scalar2)
+            assert_array_equal(scalar_res, res, strict=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+@settings(max_examples=10000, deadline=2000)
+@given(sampled_from(reasonable_operators_for_scalars),
+       hynp.arrays(dtype=hynp.scalar_dtypes(), shape=()),
+       hynp.arrays(dtype=hynp.scalar_dtypes(), shape=()))
+def test_array_scalar_ufunc_equivalence(op, arr1, arr2):
+    """
+    This is a thorough test attempting to cover important promotion paths
+    and ensuring that arrays and scalars stay as aligned as possible.
+    However, if it creates troubles, it should maybe just be removed.
+    """
+    check_ufunc_scalar_equivalence(op, arr1, arr2)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+@given(sampled_from(reasonable_operators_for_scalars),
+       hynp.scalar_dtypes(), hynp.scalar_dtypes())
+def test_array_scalar_ufunc_dtypes(op, dt1, dt2):
+    # Same as above, but don't worry about sampling weird values so that we
+    # do not have to sample as much
+    arr1 = np.array(2, dtype=dt1)
+    arr2 = np.array(3, dtype=dt2)  # some power do weird things.
+
+    check_ufunc_scalar_equivalence(op, arr1, arr2)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fscalar", [np.float16, np.float32])
+def test_int_float_promotion_truediv(fscalar):
+    # Promotion for mixed int and float32/float16 must not go to float64
+    i = np.int8(1)
+    f = fscalar(1)
+    expected = np.result_type(i, f)
+    assert (i / f).dtype == expected
+    assert (f / i).dtype == expected
+    # But normal int / int true division goes to float64:
+    assert (i / i).dtype == np.dtype("float64")
+    # For int16, result has to be ast least float32 (takes ufunc path):
+    assert (np.int16(1) / f).dtype == np.dtype("float32")
+
+
+class TestBaseMath:
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(_SUPPORTS_SVE, reason="gh-22982")
+    def test_blocked(self):
+        # test alignments offsets for simd instructions
+        # alignments for vz + 2 * (vs - 1) + 1
+        for dt, sz in [(np.float32, 11), (np.float64, 7), (np.int32, 11)]:
+            for out, inp1, inp2, msg in _gen_alignment_data(dtype=dt,
+                                                            type='binary',
+                                                            max_size=sz):
+                exp1 = np.ones_like(inp1)
+                inp1[...] = np.ones_like(inp1)
+                inp2[...] = np.zeros_like(inp2)
+                assert_almost_equal(np.add(inp1, inp2), exp1, err_msg=msg)
+                assert_almost_equal(np.add(inp1, 2), exp1 + 2, err_msg=msg)
+                assert_almost_equal(np.add(1, inp2), exp1, err_msg=msg)
+
+                np.add(inp1, inp2, out=out)
+                assert_almost_equal(out, exp1, err_msg=msg)
+
+                inp2[...] += np.arange(inp2.size, dtype=dt) + 1
+                assert_almost_equal(np.square(inp2),
+                                    np.multiply(inp2, inp2),  err_msg=msg)
+                # skip true divide for ints
+                if dt != np.int32:
+                    assert_almost_equal(np.reciprocal(inp2),
+                                        np.divide(1, inp2),  err_msg=msg)
+
+                inp1[...] = np.ones_like(inp1)
+                np.add(inp1, 2, out=out)
+                assert_almost_equal(out, exp1 + 2, err_msg=msg)
+                inp2[...] = np.ones_like(inp2)
+                np.add(2, inp2, out=out)
+                assert_almost_equal(out, exp1 + 2, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_lower_align(self):
+        # check data that is not aligned to element size
+        # i.e doubles are aligned to 4 bytes on i386
+        d = np.zeros(23 * 8, dtype=np.int8)[4:-4].view(np.float64)
+        o = np.zeros(23 * 8, dtype=np.int8)[4:-4].view(np.float64)
+        assert_almost_equal(d + d, d * 2)
+        np.add(d, d, out=o)
+        np.add(np.ones_like(d), d, out=o)
+        np.add(d, np.ones_like(d), out=o)
+        np.add(np.ones_like(d), d)
+        np.add(d, np.ones_like(d))
+
+
+class TestPower:
+    def test_small_types(self):
+        for t in [np.int8, np.int16, np.float16]:
+            a = t(3)
+            b = a ** 4
+            assert_(b == 81, "error with %r: got %r" % (t, b))
+
+    def test_large_types(self):
+        for t in [np.int32, np.int64, np.float32, np.float64, np.longdouble]:
+            a = t(51)
+            b = a ** 4
+            msg = "error with %r: got %r" % (t, b)
+            if np.issubdtype(t, np.integer):
+                assert_(b == 6765201, msg)
+            else:
+                assert_almost_equal(b, 6765201, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_integers_to_negative_integer_power(self):
+        # Note that the combination of uint64 with a signed integer
+        # has common type np.float64. The other combinations should all
+        # raise a ValueError for integer ** negative integer.
+        exp = [np.array(-1, dt)[()] for dt in 'bhilq']
+
+        # 1 ** -1 possible special case
+        base = [np.array(1, dt)[()] for dt in 'bhilqBHILQ']
+        for i1, i2 in itertools.product(base, exp):
+            if i1.dtype != np.uint64:
+                assert_raises(ValueError, operator.pow, i1, i2)
+            else:
+                res = operator.pow(i1, i2)
+                assert_(res.dtype.type is np.float64)
+                assert_almost_equal(res, 1.)
+
+        # -1 ** -1 possible special case
+        base = [np.array(-1, dt)[()] for dt in 'bhilq']
+        for i1, i2 in itertools.product(base, exp):
+            if i1.dtype != np.uint64:
+                assert_raises(ValueError, operator.pow, i1, i2)
+            else:
+                res = operator.pow(i1, i2)
+                assert_(res.dtype.type is np.float64)
+                assert_almost_equal(res, -1.)
+
+        # 2 ** -1 perhaps generic
+        base = [np.array(2, dt)[()] for dt in 'bhilqBHILQ']
+        for i1, i2 in itertools.product(base, exp):
+            if i1.dtype != np.uint64:
+                assert_raises(ValueError, operator.pow, i1, i2)
+            else:
+                res = operator.pow(i1, i2)
+                assert_(res.dtype.type is np.float64)
+                assert_almost_equal(res, .5)
+
+    def test_mixed_types(self):
+        typelist = [np.int8, np.int16, np.float16,
+                    np.float32, np.float64, np.int8,
+                    np.int16, np.int32, np.int64]
+        for t1 in typelist:
+            for t2 in typelist:
+                a = t1(3)
+                b = t2(2)
+                result = a**b
+                msg = ("error with %r and %r:"
+                       "got %r, expected %r") % (t1, t2, result, 9)
+                if np.issubdtype(np.dtype(result), np.integer):
+                    assert_(result == 9, msg)
+                else:
+                    assert_almost_equal(result, 9, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_modular_power(self):
+        # modular power is not implemented, so ensure it errors
+        a = 5
+        b = 4
+        c = 10
+        expected = pow(a, b, c)  # noqa: F841
+        for t in (np.int32, np.float32, np.complex64):
+            # note that 3-operand power only dispatches on the first argument
+            assert_raises(TypeError, operator.pow, t(a), b, c)
+            assert_raises(TypeError, operator.pow, np.array(t(a)), b, c)
+
+
+def floordiv_and_mod(x, y):
+    return (x // y, x % y)
+
+
+def _signs(dt):
+    if dt in np.typecodes['UnsignedInteger']:
+        return (+1,)
+    else:
+        return (+1, -1)
+
+
+class TestModulus:
+
+    def test_modulus_basic(self):
+        dt = np.typecodes['AllInteger'] + np.typecodes['Float']
+        for op in [floordiv_and_mod, divmod]:
+            for dt1, dt2 in itertools.product(dt, dt):
+                for sg1, sg2 in itertools.product(_signs(dt1), _signs(dt2)):
+                    fmt = 'op: %s, dt1: %s, dt2: %s, sg1: %s, sg2: %s'
+                    msg = fmt % (op.__name__, dt1, dt2, sg1, sg2)
+                    a = np.array(sg1*71, dtype=dt1)[()]
+                    b = np.array(sg2*19, dtype=dt2)[()]
+                    div, rem = op(a, b)
+                    assert_equal(div*b + rem, a, err_msg=msg)
+                    if sg2 == -1:
+                        assert_(b < rem <= 0, msg)
+                    else:
+                        assert_(b > rem >= 0, msg)
+
+    def test_float_modulus_exact(self):
+        # test that float results are exact for small integers. This also
+        # holds for the same integers scaled by powers of two.
+        nlst = list(range(-127, 0))
+        plst = list(range(1, 128))
+        dividend = nlst + [0] + plst
+        divisor = nlst + plst
+        arg = list(itertools.product(dividend, divisor))
+        tgt = list(divmod(*t) for t in arg)
+
+        a, b = np.array(arg, dtype=int).T
+        # convert exact integer results from Python to float so that
+        # signed zero can be used, it is checked.
+        tgtdiv, tgtrem = np.array(tgt, dtype=float).T
+        tgtdiv = np.where((tgtdiv == 0.0) & ((b < 0) ^ (a < 0)), -0.0, tgtdiv)
+        tgtrem = np.where((tgtrem == 0.0) & (b < 0), -0.0, tgtrem)
+
+        for op in [floordiv_and_mod, divmod]:
+            for dt in np.typecodes['Float']:
+                msg = 'op: %s, dtype: %s' % (op.__name__, dt)
+                fa = a.astype(dt)
+                fb = b.astype(dt)
+                # use list comprehension so a_ and b_ are scalars
+                div, rem = zip(*[op(a_, b_) for  a_, b_ in zip(fa, fb)])
+                assert_equal(div, tgtdiv, err_msg=msg)
+                assert_equal(rem, tgtrem, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_float_modulus_roundoff(self):
+        # gh-6127
+        dt = np.typecodes['Float']
+        for op in [floordiv_and_mod, divmod]:
+            for dt1, dt2 in itertools.product(dt, dt):
+                for sg1, sg2 in itertools.product((+1, -1), (+1, -1)):
+                    fmt = 'op: %s, dt1: %s, dt2: %s, sg1: %s, sg2: %s'
+                    msg = fmt % (op.__name__, dt1, dt2, sg1, sg2)
+                    a = np.array(sg1*78*6e-8, dtype=dt1)[()]
+                    b = np.array(sg2*6e-8, dtype=dt2)[()]
+                    div, rem = op(a, b)
+                    # Equal assertion should hold when fmod is used
+                    assert_equal(div*b + rem, a, err_msg=msg)
+                    if sg2 == -1:
+                        assert_(b < rem <= 0, msg)
+                    else:
+                        assert_(b > rem >= 0, msg)
+
+    def test_float_modulus_corner_cases(self):
+        # Check remainder magnitude.
+        for dt in np.typecodes['Float']:
+            b = np.array(1.0, dtype=dt)
+            a = np.nextafter(np.array(0.0, dtype=dt), -b)
+            rem = operator.mod(a, b)
+            assert_(rem <= b, 'dt: %s' % dt)
+            rem = operator.mod(-a, -b)
+            assert_(rem >= -b, 'dt: %s' % dt)
+
+        # Check nans, inf
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "invalid value encountered in remainder")
+            sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "divide by zero encountered in remainder")
+            sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "divide by zero encountered in floor_divide")
+            sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "divide by zero encountered in divmod")
+            sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "invalid value encountered in divmod")
+            for dt in np.typecodes['Float']:
+                fone = np.array(1.0, dtype=dt)
+                fzer = np.array(0.0, dtype=dt)
+                finf = np.array(np.inf, dtype=dt)
+                fnan = np.array(np.nan, dtype=dt)
+                rem = operator.mod(fone, fzer)
+                assert_(np.isnan(rem), 'dt: %s' % dt)
+                # MSVC 2008 returns NaN here, so disable the check.
+                #rem = operator.mod(fone, finf)
+                #assert_(rem == fone, 'dt: %s' % dt)
+                rem = operator.mod(fone, fnan)
+                assert_(np.isnan(rem), 'dt: %s' % dt)
+                rem = operator.mod(finf, fone)
+                assert_(np.isnan(rem), 'dt: %s' % dt)
+                for op in [floordiv_and_mod, divmod]:
+                    div, mod = op(fone, fzer)
+                    assert_(np.isinf(div)) and assert_(np.isnan(mod))
+
+    def test_inplace_floordiv_handling(self):
+        # issue gh-12927
+        # this only applies to in-place floordiv //=, because the output type
+        # promotes to float which does not fit
+        a = np.array([1, 2], np.int64)
+        b = np.array([1, 2], np.uint64)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+                match=r"Cannot cast ufunc 'floor_divide' output from"):
+            a //= b
+
+
+class TestComplexDivision:
+    def test_zero_division(self):
+        with np.errstate(all="ignore"):
+            for t in [np.complex64, np.complex128]:
+                a = t(0.0)
+                b = t(1.0)
+                assert_(np.isinf(b/a))
+                b = t(complex(np.inf, np.inf))
+                assert_(np.isinf(b/a))
+                b = t(complex(np.inf, np.nan))
+                assert_(np.isinf(b/a))
+                b = t(complex(np.nan, np.inf))
+                assert_(np.isinf(b/a))
+                b = t(complex(np.nan, np.nan))
+                assert_(np.isnan(b/a))
+                b = t(0.)
+                assert_(np.isnan(b/a))
+
+    def test_signed_zeros(self):
+        with np.errstate(all="ignore"):
+            for t in [np.complex64, np.complex128]:
+                # tupled (numerator, denominator, expected)
+                # for testing as expected == numerator/denominator
+                data = (
+                    (( 0.0,-1.0), ( 0.0, 1.0), (-1.0,-0.0)),
+                    (( 0.0,-1.0), ( 0.0,-1.0), ( 1.0,-0.0)),
+                    (( 0.0,-1.0), (-0.0,-1.0), ( 1.0, 0.0)),
+                    (( 0.0,-1.0), (-0.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 0.0)),
+                    (( 0.0, 1.0), ( 0.0,-1.0), (-1.0, 0.0)),
+                    (( 0.0,-1.0), ( 0.0,-1.0), ( 1.0,-0.0)),
+                    ((-0.0,-1.0), ( 0.0,-1.0), ( 1.0,-0.0)),
+                    ((-0.0, 1.0), ( 0.0,-1.0), (-1.0,-0.0))
+                )
+                for cases in data:
+                    n = cases[0]
+                    d = cases[1]
+                    ex = cases[2]
+                    result = t(complex(n[0], n[1])) / t(complex(d[0], d[1]))
+                    # check real and imag parts separately to avoid comparison
+                    # in array context, which does not account for signed zeros
+                    assert_equal(result.real, ex[0])
+                    assert_equal(result.imag, ex[1])
+
+    def test_branches(self):
+        with np.errstate(all="ignore"):
+            for t in [np.complex64, np.complex128]:
+                # tupled (numerator, denominator, expected)
+                # for testing as expected == numerator/denominator
+                data = list()
+
+                # trigger branch: real(fabs(denom)) > imag(fabs(denom))
+                # followed by else condition as neither are == 0
+                data.append((( 2.0, 1.0), ( 2.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0)))
+
+                # trigger branch: real(fabs(denom)) > imag(fabs(denom))
+                # followed by if condition as both are == 0
+                # is performed in test_zero_division(), so this is skipped
+
+                # trigger else if branch: real(fabs(denom)) < imag(fabs(denom))
+                data.append((( 1.0, 2.0), ( 1.0, 2.0), (1.0, 0.0)))
+
+                for cases in data:
+                    n = cases[0]
+                    d = cases[1]
+                    ex = cases[2]
+                    result = t(complex(n[0], n[1])) / t(complex(d[0], d[1]))
+                    # check real and imag parts separately to avoid comparison
+                    # in array context, which does not account for signed zeros
+                    assert_equal(result.real, ex[0])
+                    assert_equal(result.imag, ex[1])
+
+
+class TestConversion:
+    def test_int_from_long(self):
+        l = [1e6, 1e12, 1e18, -1e6, -1e12, -1e18]
+        li = [10**6, 10**12, 10**18, -10**6, -10**12, -10**18]
+        for T in [None, np.float64, np.int64]:
+            a = np.array(l, dtype=T)
+            assert_equal([int(_m) for _m in a], li)
+
+        a = np.array(l[:3], dtype=np.uint64)
+        assert_equal([int(_m) for _m in a], li[:3])
+
+    def test_iinfo_long_values(self):
+        for code in 'bBhH':
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                res = np.array(np.iinfo(code).max + 1, dtype=code)
+            tgt = np.iinfo(code).min
+            assert_(res == tgt)
+
+        for code in np.typecodes['AllInteger']:
+            res = np.array(np.iinfo(code).max, dtype=code)
+            tgt = np.iinfo(code).max
+            assert_(res == tgt)
+
+        for code in np.typecodes['AllInteger']:
+            res = np.dtype(code).type(np.iinfo(code).max)
+            tgt = np.iinfo(code).max
+            assert_(res == tgt)
+
+    def test_int_raise_behaviour(self):
+        def overflow_error_func(dtype):
+            dtype(np.iinfo(dtype).max + 1)
+
+        for code in [np.int_, np.uint, np.longlong, np.ulonglong]:
+            assert_raises(OverflowError, overflow_error_func, code)
+
+    def test_int_from_infinite_longdouble(self):
+        # gh-627
+        x = np.longdouble(np.inf)
+        assert_raises(OverflowError, int, x)
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.record(np.ComplexWarning)
+            x = np.clongdouble(np.inf)
+            assert_raises(OverflowError, int, x)
+            assert_equal(len(sup.log), 1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not IS_PYPY, reason="Test is PyPy only (gh-9972)")
+    def test_int_from_infinite_longdouble___int__(self):
+        x = np.longdouble(np.inf)
+        assert_raises(OverflowError, x.__int__)
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.record(np.ComplexWarning)
+            x = np.clongdouble(np.inf)
+            assert_raises(OverflowError, x.__int__)
+            assert_equal(len(sup.log), 1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(np.finfo(np.double) == np.finfo(np.longdouble),
+                        reason="long double is same as double")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(platform.machine().startswith("ppc"),
+                        reason="IBM double double")
+    def test_int_from_huge_longdouble(self):
+        # Produce a longdouble that would overflow a double,
+        # use exponent that avoids bug in Darwin pow function.
+        exp = np.finfo(np.double).maxexp - 1
+        huge_ld = 2 * 1234 * np.longdouble(2) ** exp
+        huge_i = 2 * 1234 * 2 ** exp
+        assert_(huge_ld != np.inf)
+        assert_equal(int(huge_ld), huge_i)
+
+    def test_int_from_longdouble(self):
+        x = np.longdouble(1.5)
+        assert_equal(int(x), 1)
+        x = np.longdouble(-10.5)
+        assert_equal(int(x), -10)
+
+    def test_numpy_scalar_relational_operators(self):
+        # All integer
+        for dt1 in np.typecodes['AllInteger']:
+            assert_(1 > np.array(0, dtype=dt1)[()], "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+            assert_(not 1 < np.array(0, dtype=dt1)[()], "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+
+            for dt2 in np.typecodes['AllInteger']:
+                assert_(np.array(1, dtype=dt1)[()] > np.array(0, dtype=dt2)[()],
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+                assert_(not np.array(1, dtype=dt1)[()] < np.array(0, dtype=dt2)[()],
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+
+        #Unsigned integers
+        for dt1 in 'BHILQP':
+            assert_(-1 < np.array(1, dtype=dt1)[()], "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+            assert_(not -1 > np.array(1, dtype=dt1)[()], "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+            assert_(-1 != np.array(1, dtype=dt1)[()], "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+
+            #unsigned vs signed
+            for dt2 in 'bhilqp':
+                assert_(np.array(1, dtype=dt1)[()] > np.array(-1, dtype=dt2)[()],
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+                assert_(not np.array(1, dtype=dt1)[()] < np.array(-1, dtype=dt2)[()],
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+                assert_(np.array(1, dtype=dt1)[()] != np.array(-1, dtype=dt2)[()],
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+
+        #Signed integers and floats
+        for dt1 in 'bhlqp' + np.typecodes['Float']:
+            assert_(1 > np.array(-1, dtype=dt1)[()], "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+            assert_(not 1 < np.array(-1, dtype=dt1)[()], "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+            assert_(-1 == np.array(-1, dtype=dt1)[()], "type %s failed" % (dt1,))
+
+            for dt2 in 'bhlqp' + np.typecodes['Float']:
+                assert_(np.array(1, dtype=dt1)[()] > np.array(-1, dtype=dt2)[()],
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+                assert_(not np.array(1, dtype=dt1)[()] < np.array(-1, dtype=dt2)[()],
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+                assert_(np.array(-1, dtype=dt1)[()] == np.array(-1, dtype=dt2)[()],
+                        "type %s and %s failed" % (dt1, dt2))
+
+    def test_scalar_comparison_to_none(self):
+        # Scalars should just return False and not give a warnings.
+        # The comparisons are flagged by pep8, ignore that.
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', FutureWarning)
+            assert_(not np.float32(1) == None)
+            assert_(not np.str_('test') == None)
+            # This is dubious (see below):
+            assert_(not np.datetime64('NaT') == None)
+
+            assert_(np.float32(1) != None)
+            assert_(np.str_('test') != None)
+            # This is dubious (see below):
+            assert_(np.datetime64('NaT') != None)
+        assert_(len(w) == 0)
+
+        # For documentation purposes, this is why the datetime is dubious.
+        # At the time of deprecation this was no behaviour change, but
+        # it has to be considered when the deprecations are done.
+        assert_(np.equal(np.datetime64('NaT'), None))
+
+
+#class TestRepr:
+#    def test_repr(self):
+#        for t in types:
+#            val = t(1197346475.0137341)
+#            val_repr = repr(val)
+#            val2 = eval(val_repr)
+#            assert_equal( val, val2 )
+
+
+class TestRepr:
+    def _test_type_repr(self, t):
+        finfo = np.finfo(t)
+        last_fraction_bit_idx = finfo.nexp + finfo.nmant
+        last_exponent_bit_idx = finfo.nexp
+        storage_bytes = np.dtype(t).itemsize*8
+        # could add some more types to the list below
+        for which in ['small denorm', 'small norm']:
+            # Values from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754
+            constr = np.array([0x00]*storage_bytes, dtype=np.uint8)
+            if which == 'small denorm':
+                byte = last_fraction_bit_idx // 8
+                bytebit = 7-(last_fraction_bit_idx % 8)
+                constr[byte] = 1 << bytebit
+            elif which == 'small norm':
+                byte = last_exponent_bit_idx // 8
+                bytebit = 7-(last_exponent_bit_idx % 8)
+                constr[byte] = 1 << bytebit
+            else:
+                raise ValueError('hmm')
+            val = constr.view(t)[0]
+            val_repr = repr(val)
+            val2 = t(eval(val_repr))
+            if not (val2 == 0 and val < 1e-100):
+                assert_equal(val, val2)
+
+    def test_float_repr(self):
+        # long double test cannot work, because eval goes through a python
+        # float
+        for t in [np.float32, np.float64]:
+            self._test_type_repr(t)
+
+
+if not IS_PYPY:
+    # sys.getsizeof() is not valid on PyPy
+    class TestSizeOf:
+
+        def test_equal_nbytes(self):
+            for type in types:
+                x = type(0)
+                assert_(sys.getsizeof(x) > x.nbytes)
+
+        def test_error(self):
+            d = np.float32()
+            assert_raises(TypeError, d.__sizeof__, "a")
+
+
+class TestMultiply:
+    def test_seq_repeat(self):
+        # Test that basic sequences get repeated when multiplied with
+        # numpy integers. And errors are raised when multiplied with others.
+        # Some of this behaviour may be controversial and could be open for
+        # change.
+        accepted_types = set(np.typecodes["AllInteger"])
+        deprecated_types = {'?'}
+        forbidden_types = (
+            set(np.typecodes["All"]) - accepted_types - deprecated_types)
+        forbidden_types -= {'V'}  # can't default-construct void scalars
+
+        for seq_type in (list, tuple):
+            seq = seq_type([1, 2, 3])
+            for numpy_type in accepted_types:
+                i = np.dtype(numpy_type).type(2)
+                assert_equal(seq * i, seq * int(i))
+                assert_equal(i * seq, int(i) * seq)
+
+            for numpy_type in deprecated_types:
+                i = np.dtype(numpy_type).type()
+                assert_equal(
+                    assert_warns(DeprecationWarning, operator.mul, seq, i),
+                    seq * int(i))
+                assert_equal(
+                    assert_warns(DeprecationWarning, operator.mul, i, seq),
+                    int(i) * seq)
+
+            for numpy_type in forbidden_types:
+                i = np.dtype(numpy_type).type()
+                assert_raises(TypeError, operator.mul, seq, i)
+                assert_raises(TypeError, operator.mul, i, seq)
+
+    def test_no_seq_repeat_basic_array_like(self):
+        # Test that an array-like which does not know how to be multiplied
+        # does not attempt sequence repeat (raise TypeError).
+        # See also gh-7428.
+        class ArrayLike:
+            def __init__(self, arr):
+                self.arr = arr
+            def __array__(self):
+                return self.arr
+
+        # Test for simple ArrayLike above and memoryviews (original report)
+        for arr_like in (ArrayLike(np.ones(3)), memoryview(np.ones(3))):
+            assert_array_equal(arr_like * np.float32(3.), np.full(3, 3.))
+            assert_array_equal(np.float32(3.) * arr_like, np.full(3, 3.))
+            assert_array_equal(arr_like * np.int_(3), np.full(3, 3))
+            assert_array_equal(np.int_(3) * arr_like, np.full(3, 3))
+
+
+class TestNegative:
+    def test_exceptions(self):
+        a = np.ones((), dtype=np.bool_)[()]
+        assert_raises(TypeError, operator.neg, a)
+
+    def test_result(self):
+        types = np.typecodes['AllInteger'] + np.typecodes['AllFloat']
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(RuntimeWarning)
+            for dt in types:
+                a = np.ones((), dtype=dt)[()]
+                if dt in np.typecodes['UnsignedInteger']:
+                    st = np.dtype(dt).type
+                    max = st(np.iinfo(dt).max)
+                    assert_equal(operator.neg(a), max)
+                else:
+                    assert_equal(operator.neg(a) + a, 0)
+
+class TestSubtract:
+    def test_exceptions(self):
+        a = np.ones((), dtype=np.bool_)[()]
+        assert_raises(TypeError, operator.sub, a, a)
+
+    def test_result(self):
+        types = np.typecodes['AllInteger'] + np.typecodes['AllFloat']
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(RuntimeWarning)
+            for dt in types:
+                a = np.ones((), dtype=dt)[()]
+                assert_equal(operator.sub(a, a), 0)
+
+
+class TestAbs:
+    def _test_abs_func(self, absfunc, test_dtype):
+        x = test_dtype(-1.5)
+        assert_equal(absfunc(x), 1.5)
+        x = test_dtype(0.0)
+        res = absfunc(x)
+        # assert_equal() checks zero signedness
+        assert_equal(res, 0.0)
+        x = test_dtype(-0.0)
+        res = absfunc(x)
+        assert_equal(res, 0.0)
+
+        x = test_dtype(np.finfo(test_dtype).max)
+        assert_equal(absfunc(x), x.real)
+
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(UserWarning)
+            x = test_dtype(np.finfo(test_dtype).tiny)
+            assert_equal(absfunc(x), x.real)
+
+        x = test_dtype(np.finfo(test_dtype).min)
+        assert_equal(absfunc(x), -x.real)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", floating_types + complex_floating_types)
+    def test_builtin_abs(self, dtype):
+        if (
+                sys.platform == "cygwin" and dtype == np.clongdouble and
+                (
+                    _pep440.parse(platform.release().split("-")[0])
+                    < _pep440.Version("3.3.0")
+                )
+        ):
+            pytest.xfail(
+                reason="absl is computed in double precision on cygwin < 3.3"
+            )
+        self._test_abs_func(abs, dtype)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", floating_types + complex_floating_types)
+    def test_numpy_abs(self, dtype):
+        if (
+                sys.platform == "cygwin" and dtype == np.clongdouble and
+                (
+                    _pep440.parse(platform.release().split("-")[0])
+                    < _pep440.Version("3.3.0")
+                )
+        ):
+            pytest.xfail(
+                reason="absl is computed in double precision on cygwin < 3.3"
+            )
+        self._test_abs_func(np.abs, dtype)
+
+class TestBitShifts:
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('type_code', np.typecodes['AllInteger'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('op',
+        [operator.rshift, operator.lshift], ids=['>>', '<<'])
+    def test_shift_all_bits(self, type_code, op):
+        """Shifts where the shift amount is the width of the type or wider """
+        if (
+                USING_CLANG_CL and
+                type_code in ("l", "L") and
+                op is operator.lshift
+        ):
+            pytest.xfail("Failing on clang-cl builds")
+        # gh-2449
+        dt = np.dtype(type_code)
+        nbits = dt.itemsize * 8
+        for val in [5, -5]:
+            for shift in [nbits, nbits + 4]:
+                val_scl = np.array(val).astype(dt)[()]
+                shift_scl = dt.type(shift)
+                res_scl = op(val_scl, shift_scl)
+                if val_scl < 0 and op is operator.rshift:
+                    # sign bit is preserved
+                    assert_equal(res_scl, -1)
+                else:
+                    assert_equal(res_scl, 0)
+
+                # Result on scalars should be the same as on arrays
+                val_arr = np.array([val_scl]*32, dtype=dt)
+                shift_arr = np.array([shift]*32, dtype=dt)
+                res_arr = op(val_arr, shift_arr)
+                assert_equal(res_arr, res_scl)
+
+
+class TestHash:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("type_code", np.typecodes['AllInteger'])
+    def test_integer_hashes(self, type_code):
+        scalar = np.dtype(type_code).type
+        for i in range(128):
+            assert hash(i) == hash(scalar(i))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("type_code", np.typecodes['AllFloat'])
+    def test_float_and_complex_hashes(self, type_code):
+        scalar = np.dtype(type_code).type
+        for val in [np.pi, np.inf, 3, 6.]:
+            numpy_val = scalar(val)
+            # Cast back to Python, in case the NumPy scalar has less precision
+            if numpy_val.dtype.kind == 'c':
+                val = complex(numpy_val)
+            else:
+                val = float(numpy_val)
+            assert val == numpy_val
+            assert hash(val) == hash(numpy_val)
+
+        if hash(float(np.nan)) != hash(float(np.nan)):
+            # If Python distinguishes different NaNs we do so too (gh-18833)
+            assert hash(scalar(np.nan)) != hash(scalar(np.nan))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("type_code", np.typecodes['Complex'])
+    def test_complex_hashes(self, type_code):
+        # Test some complex valued hashes specifically:
+        scalar = np.dtype(type_code).type
+        for val in [np.pi+1j, np.inf-3j, 3j, 6.+1j]:
+            numpy_val = scalar(val)
+            assert hash(complex(numpy_val)) == hash(numpy_val)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def recursionlimit(n):
+    o = sys.getrecursionlimit()
+    try:
+        sys.setrecursionlimit(n)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        sys.setrecursionlimit(o)
+
+
+@given(sampled_from(objecty_things),
+       sampled_from(reasonable_operators_for_scalars),
+       sampled_from(types))
+def test_operator_object_left(o, op, type_):
+    try:
+        with recursionlimit(200):
+            op(o, type_(1))
+    except TypeError:
+        pass
+
+
+@given(sampled_from(objecty_things),
+       sampled_from(reasonable_operators_for_scalars),
+       sampled_from(types))
+def test_operator_object_right(o, op, type_):
+    try:
+        with recursionlimit(200):
+            op(type_(1), o)
+    except TypeError:
+        pass
+
+
+@given(sampled_from(reasonable_operators_for_scalars),
+       sampled_from(types),
+       sampled_from(types))
+def test_operator_scalars(op, type1, type2):
+    try:
+        op(type1(1), type2(1))
+    except TypeError:
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("op", reasonable_operators_for_scalars)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("val", [None, 2**64])
+def test_longdouble_inf_loop(op, val):
+    # Note: The 2**64 value will pass once NEP 50 is adopted.
+    try:
+        op(np.longdouble(3), val)
+    except TypeError:
+        pass
+    try:
+        op(val, np.longdouble(3))
+    except TypeError:
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("op", reasonable_operators_for_scalars)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("val", [None, 2**64])
+def test_clongdouble_inf_loop(op, val):
+    # Note: The 2**64 value will pass once NEP 50 is adopted.
+    try:
+        op(np.clongdouble(3), val)
+    except TypeError:
+        pass
+    try:
+        op(val, np.longdouble(3))
+    except TypeError:
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["AllInteger"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("operation", [
+        lambda min, max: max + max,
+        lambda min, max: min - max,
+        lambda min, max: max * max], ids=["+", "-", "*"])
+def test_scalar_integer_operation_overflow(dtype, operation):
+    st = np.dtype(dtype).type
+    min = st(np.iinfo(dtype).min)
+    max = st(np.iinfo(dtype).max)
+
+    with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match="overflow encountered"):
+        operation(min, max)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["Integer"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("operation", [
+        lambda min, neg_1: -min,
+        lambda min, neg_1: abs(min),
+        lambda min, neg_1: min * neg_1,
+        pytest.param(lambda min, neg_1: min // neg_1,
+            marks=pytest.mark.skip(reason="broken on some platforms"))],
+        ids=["neg", "abs", "*", "//"])
+def test_scalar_signed_integer_overflow(dtype, operation):
+    # The minimum signed integer can "overflow" for some additional operations
+    st = np.dtype(dtype).type
+    min = st(np.iinfo(dtype).min)
+    neg_1 = st(-1)
+
+    with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match="overflow encountered"):
+        operation(min, neg_1)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["UnsignedInteger"])
+def test_scalar_unsigned_integer_overflow(dtype):
+    val = np.dtype(dtype).type(8)
+    with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match="overflow encountered"):
+        -val
+
+    zero = np.dtype(dtype).type(0)
+    -zero  # does not warn
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["AllInteger"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("operation", [
+        lambda val, zero: val // zero,
+        lambda val, zero: val % zero, ], ids=["//", "%"])
+def test_scalar_integer_operation_divbyzero(dtype, operation):
+    st = np.dtype(dtype).type
+    val = st(100)
+    zero = st(0)
+
+    with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match="divide by zero"):
+        operation(val, zero)
+
+
+ops_with_names = [
+    ("__lt__", "__gt__", operator.lt, True),
+    ("__le__", "__ge__", operator.le, True),
+    ("__eq__", "__eq__", operator.eq, True),
+    # Note __op__ and __rop__ may be identical here:
+    ("__ne__", "__ne__", operator.ne, True),
+    ("__gt__", "__lt__", operator.gt, True),
+    ("__ge__", "__le__", operator.ge, True),
+    ("__floordiv__", "__rfloordiv__", operator.floordiv, False),
+    ("__truediv__", "__rtruediv__", operator.truediv, False),
+    ("__add__", "__radd__", operator.add, False),
+    ("__mod__", "__rmod__", operator.mod, False),
+    ("__mul__", "__rmul__", operator.mul, False),
+    ("__pow__", "__rpow__", operator.pow, False),
+    ("__sub__", "__rsub__", operator.sub, False),
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["__op__", "__rop__", "op", "cmp"], ops_with_names)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sctype", [np.float32, np.float64, np.longdouble])
+def test_subclass_deferral(sctype, __op__, __rop__, op, cmp):
+    """
+    This test covers scalar subclass deferral.  Note that this is exceedingly
+    complicated, especially since it tends to fall back to the array paths and
+    these additionally add the "array priority" mechanism.
+
+    The behaviour was modified subtly in 1.22 (to make it closer to how Python
+    scalars work).  Due to its complexity and the fact that subclassing NumPy
+    scalars is probably a bad idea to begin with.  There is probably room
+    for adjustments here.
+    """
+    class myf_simple1(sctype):
+        pass
+
+    class myf_simple2(sctype):
+        pass
+
+    def op_func(self, other):
+        return __op__
+
+    def rop_func(self, other):
+        return __rop__
+
+    myf_op = type("myf_op", (sctype,), {__op__: op_func, __rop__: rop_func})
+
+    # inheritance has to override, or this is correctly lost:
+    res = op(myf_simple1(1), myf_simple2(2))
+    assert type(res) == sctype or type(res) == np.bool_
+    assert op(myf_simple1(1), myf_simple2(2)) == op(1, 2)  # inherited
+
+    # Two independent subclasses do not really define an order.  This could
+    # be attempted, but we do not since Python's `int` does neither:
+    assert op(myf_op(1), myf_simple1(2)) == __op__
+    assert op(myf_simple1(1), myf_op(2)) == op(1, 2)  # inherited
+
+
+def test_longdouble_complex():
+    # Simple test to check longdouble and complex combinations, since these
+    # need to go through promotion, which longdouble needs to be careful about.
+    x = np.longdouble(1)
+    assert x + 1j == 1+1j
+    assert 1j + x == 1+1j
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["__op__", "__rop__", "op", "cmp"], ops_with_names)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("subtype", [float, int, complex, np.float16])
+@np._no_nep50_warning()
+def test_pyscalar_subclasses(subtype, __op__, __rop__, op, cmp):
+    def op_func(self, other):
+        return __op__
+
+    def rop_func(self, other):
+        return __rop__
+
+    # Check that deferring is indicated using `__array_ufunc__`:
+    myt = type("myt", (subtype,),
+               {__op__: op_func, __rop__: rop_func, "__array_ufunc__": None})
+
+    # Just like normally, we should never presume we can modify the float.
+    assert op(myt(1), np.float64(2)) == __op__
+    assert op(np.float64(1), myt(2)) == __rop__
+
+    if op in {operator.mod, operator.floordiv} and subtype == complex:
+        return  # module is not support for complex.  Do not test.
+
+    if __rop__ == __op__:
+        return
+
+    # When no deferring is indicated, subclasses are handled normally.
+    myt = type("myt", (subtype,), {__rop__: rop_func})
+
+    # Check for float32, as a float subclass float64 may behave differently
+    res = op(myt(1), np.float16(2))
+    expected = op(subtype(1), np.float16(2))
+    assert res == expected
+    assert type(res) == type(expected)
+    res = op(np.float32(2), myt(1))
+    expected = op(np.float32(2), subtype(1))
+    assert res == expected
+    assert type(res) == type(expected)
+
+    # Same check for longdouble:
+    res = op(myt(1), np.longdouble(2))
+    expected = op(subtype(1), np.longdouble(2))
+    assert res == expected
+    assert type(res) == type(expected)
+    res = op(np.float32(2), myt(1))
+    expected = op(np.longdouble(2), subtype(1))
+    assert res == expected
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarprint.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarprint.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98d1f4aa11f7a2d4ca1125fe19124eb63c561ac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_scalarprint.py
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+""" Test printing of scalar types.
+
+"""
+import code
+import platform
+import pytest
+import sys
+
+from tempfile import TemporaryFile
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, IS_MUSL
+
+class TestRealScalars:
+    def test_str(self):
+        svals = [0.0, -0.0, 1, -1, np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan]
+        styps = [np.float16, np.float32, np.float64, np.longdouble]
+        wanted = [
+             ['0.0',  '0.0',  '0.0',  '0.0' ],
+             ['-0.0', '-0.0', '-0.0', '-0.0'],
+             ['1.0',  '1.0',  '1.0',  '1.0' ],
+             ['-1.0', '-1.0', '-1.0', '-1.0'],
+             ['inf',  'inf',  'inf',  'inf' ],
+             ['-inf', '-inf', '-inf', '-inf'],
+             ['nan',  'nan',  'nan',  'nan']]
+
+        for wants, val in zip(wanted, svals):
+            for want, styp in zip(wants, styps):
+                msg = 'for str({}({}))'.format(np.dtype(styp).name, repr(val))
+                assert_equal(str(styp(val)), want, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_scalar_cutoffs(self):
+        # test that both the str and repr of np.float64 behaves
+        # like python floats in python3.
+        def check(v):
+            assert_equal(str(np.float64(v)), str(v))
+            assert_equal(str(np.float64(v)), repr(v))
+            assert_equal(repr(np.float64(v)), repr(v))
+            assert_equal(repr(np.float64(v)), str(v))
+
+        # check we use the same number of significant digits
+        check(1.12345678901234567890)
+        check(0.0112345678901234567890)
+
+        # check switch from scientific output to positional and back
+        check(1e-5)
+        check(1e-4)
+        check(1e15)
+        check(1e16)
+
+    def test_py2_float_print(self):
+        # gh-10753
+        # In python2, the python float type implements an obsolete method
+        # tp_print, which overrides tp_repr and tp_str when using "print" to
+        # output to a "real file" (ie, not a StringIO). Make sure we don't
+        # inherit it.
+        x = np.double(0.1999999999999)
+        with TemporaryFile('r+t') as f:
+            print(x, file=f)
+            f.seek(0)
+            output = f.read()
+        assert_equal(output, str(x) + '\n')
+        # In python2 the value float('0.1999999999999') prints with reduced
+        # precision as '0.2', but we want numpy's np.double('0.1999999999999')
+        # to print the unique value, '0.1999999999999'.
+
+        # gh-11031
+        # Only in the python2 interactive shell and when stdout is a "real"
+        # file, the output of the last command is printed to stdout without
+        # Py_PRINT_RAW (unlike the print statement) so `>>> x` and `>>> print
+        # x` are potentially different. Make sure they are the same. The only
+        # way I found to get prompt-like output is using an actual prompt from
+        # the 'code' module. Again, must use tempfile to get a "real" file.
+
+        # dummy user-input which enters one line and then ctrl-Ds.
+        def userinput():
+            yield 'np.sqrt(2)'
+            raise EOFError
+        gen = userinput()
+        input_func = lambda prompt="": next(gen)
+
+        with TemporaryFile('r+t') as fo, TemporaryFile('r+t') as fe:
+            orig_stdout, orig_stderr = sys.stdout, sys.stderr
+            sys.stdout, sys.stderr = fo, fe
+
+            code.interact(local={'np': np}, readfunc=input_func, banner='')
+
+            sys.stdout, sys.stderr = orig_stdout, orig_stderr
+
+            fo.seek(0)
+            capture = fo.read().strip()
+
+        assert_equal(capture, repr(np.sqrt(2)))
+
+    def test_dragon4(self):
+        # these tests are adapted from Ryan Juckett's dragon4 implementation,
+        # see dragon4.c for details.
+
+        fpos32 = lambda x, **k: np.format_float_positional(np.float32(x), **k)
+        fsci32 = lambda x, **k: np.format_float_scientific(np.float32(x), **k)
+        fpos64 = lambda x, **k: np.format_float_positional(np.float64(x), **k)
+        fsci64 = lambda x, **k: np.format_float_scientific(np.float64(x), **k)
+
+        preckwd = lambda prec: {'unique': False, 'precision': prec}
+
+        assert_equal(fpos32('1.0'), "1.")
+        assert_equal(fsci32('1.0'), "1.e+00")
+        assert_equal(fpos32('10.234'), "10.234")
+        assert_equal(fpos32('-10.234'), "-10.234")
+        assert_equal(fsci32('10.234'), "1.0234e+01")
+        assert_equal(fsci32('-10.234'), "-1.0234e+01")
+        assert_equal(fpos32('1000.0'), "1000.")
+        assert_equal(fpos32('1.0', precision=0), "1.")
+        assert_equal(fsci32('1.0', precision=0), "1.e+00")
+        assert_equal(fpos32('10.234', precision=0), "10.")
+        assert_equal(fpos32('-10.234', precision=0), "-10.")
+        assert_equal(fsci32('10.234', precision=0), "1.e+01")
+        assert_equal(fsci32('-10.234', precision=0), "-1.e+01")
+        assert_equal(fpos32('10.234', precision=2), "10.23")
+        assert_equal(fsci32('-10.234', precision=2), "-1.02e+01")
+        assert_equal(fsci64('9.9999999999999995e-08', **preckwd(16)),
+                            '9.9999999999999995e-08')
+        assert_equal(fsci64('9.8813129168249309e-324', **preckwd(16)),
+                            '9.8813129168249309e-324')
+        assert_equal(fsci64('9.9999999999999694e-311', **preckwd(16)),
+                            '9.9999999999999694e-311')
+
+
+        # test rounding
+        # 3.1415927410 is closest float32 to np.pi
+        assert_equal(fpos32('3.14159265358979323846', **preckwd(10)),
+                            "3.1415927410")
+        assert_equal(fsci32('3.14159265358979323846', **preckwd(10)),
+                            "3.1415927410e+00")
+        assert_equal(fpos64('3.14159265358979323846', **preckwd(10)),
+                            "3.1415926536")
+        assert_equal(fsci64('3.14159265358979323846', **preckwd(10)),
+                            "3.1415926536e+00")
+        # 299792448 is closest float32 to 299792458
+        assert_equal(fpos32('299792458.0', **preckwd(5)), "299792448.00000")
+        assert_equal(fsci32('299792458.0', **preckwd(5)), "2.99792e+08")
+        assert_equal(fpos64('299792458.0', **preckwd(5)), "299792458.00000")
+        assert_equal(fsci64('299792458.0', **preckwd(5)), "2.99792e+08")
+
+        assert_equal(fpos32('3.14159265358979323846', **preckwd(25)),
+                            "3.1415927410125732421875000")
+        assert_equal(fpos64('3.14159265358979323846', **preckwd(50)),
+                         "3.14159265358979311599796346854418516159057617187500")
+        assert_equal(fpos64('3.14159265358979323846'), "3.141592653589793")
+
+
+        # smallest numbers
+        assert_equal(fpos32(0.5**(126 + 23), unique=False, precision=149),
+                    "0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000140129846432"
+                    "4817070923729583289916131280261941876515771757068283889791"
+                    "08268586060148663818836212158203125")
+        
+        assert_equal(fpos64(5e-324, unique=False, precision=1074),
+                    "0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                    "0000000000000000000000000000000000049406564584124654417656"
+                    "8792868221372365059802614324764425585682500675507270208751"
+                    "8652998363616359923797965646954457177309266567103559397963"
+                    "9877479601078187812630071319031140452784581716784898210368"
+                    "8718636056998730723050006387409153564984387312473397273169"
+                    "6151400317153853980741262385655911710266585566867681870395"
+                    "6031062493194527159149245532930545654440112748012970999954"
+                    "1931989409080416563324524757147869014726780159355238611550"
+                    "1348035264934720193790268107107491703332226844753335720832"
+                    "4319360923828934583680601060115061698097530783422773183292"
+                    "4790498252473077637592724787465608477820373446969953364701"
+                    "7972677717585125660551199131504891101451037862738167250955"
+                    "8373897335989936648099411642057026370902792427675445652290"
+                    "87538682506419718265533447265625")
+
+        # largest numbers
+        f32x = np.finfo(np.float32).max
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, **preckwd(0)),
+                    "340282346638528859811704183484516925440.")
+        assert_equal(fpos64(np.finfo(np.float64).max, **preckwd(0)),
+                    "1797693134862315708145274237317043567980705675258449965989"
+                    "1747680315726078002853876058955863276687817154045895351438"
+                    "2464234321326889464182768467546703537516986049910576551282"
+                    "0762454900903893289440758685084551339423045832369032229481"
+                    "6580855933212334827479782620414472316873817718091929988125"
+                    "0404026184124858368.")
+        # Warning: In unique mode only the integer digits necessary for
+        # uniqueness are computed, the rest are 0.
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x),
+                    "340282350000000000000000000000000000000.")
+
+        # Further tests of zero-padding vs rounding in different combinations
+        # of unique, fractional, precision, min_digits
+        # precision can only reduce digits, not add them.
+        # min_digits can only extend digits, not reduce them.
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, unique=True, fractional=True, precision=0),
+                    "340282350000000000000000000000000000000.")
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, unique=True, fractional=True, precision=4),
+                    "340282350000000000000000000000000000000.")
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, unique=True, fractional=True, min_digits=0),
+                    "340282346638528859811704183484516925440.")
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, unique=True, fractional=True, min_digits=4),
+                    "340282346638528859811704183484516925440.0000")
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, unique=True, fractional=True,
+                                    min_digits=4, precision=4),
+                    "340282346638528859811704183484516925440.0000")
+        assert_raises(ValueError, fpos32, f32x, unique=True, fractional=False,
+                                          precision=0)
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, unique=True, fractional=False, precision=4),
+                    "340300000000000000000000000000000000000.")
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, unique=True, fractional=False, precision=20),
+                    "340282350000000000000000000000000000000.")
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, unique=True, fractional=False, min_digits=4),
+                    "340282350000000000000000000000000000000.")
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, unique=True, fractional=False,
+                                  min_digits=20),
+                    "340282346638528859810000000000000000000.")
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, unique=True, fractional=False,
+                                  min_digits=15),
+                    "340282346638529000000000000000000000000.")
+        assert_equal(fpos32(f32x, unique=False, fractional=False, precision=4),
+                    "340300000000000000000000000000000000000.")
+        # test that unique rounding is preserved when precision is supplied
+        # but no extra digits need to be printed (gh-18609)
+        a = np.float64.fromhex('-1p-97')
+        assert_equal(fsci64(a, unique=True), '-6.310887241768095e-30')
+        assert_equal(fsci64(a, unique=False, precision=15),
+                     '-6.310887241768094e-30')
+        assert_equal(fsci64(a, unique=True, precision=15),
+                     '-6.310887241768095e-30')
+        assert_equal(fsci64(a, unique=True, min_digits=15),
+                     '-6.310887241768095e-30')
+        assert_equal(fsci64(a, unique=True, precision=15, min_digits=15),
+                     '-6.310887241768095e-30')
+        # adds/remove digits in unique mode with unbiased rnding
+        assert_equal(fsci64(a, unique=True, precision=14),
+                     '-6.31088724176809e-30')
+        assert_equal(fsci64(a, unique=True, min_digits=16),
+                     '-6.3108872417680944e-30')
+        assert_equal(fsci64(a, unique=True, precision=16),
+                     '-6.310887241768095e-30')
+        assert_equal(fsci64(a, unique=True, min_digits=14),
+                     '-6.310887241768095e-30')
+        # test min_digits in unique mode with different rounding cases
+        assert_equal(fsci64('1e120', min_digits=3), '1.000e+120')
+        assert_equal(fsci64('1e100', min_digits=3), '1.000e+100')
+
+        # test trailing zeros
+        assert_equal(fpos32('1.0', unique=False, precision=3), "1.000")
+        assert_equal(fpos64('1.0', unique=False, precision=3), "1.000")
+        assert_equal(fsci32('1.0', unique=False, precision=3), "1.000e+00")
+        assert_equal(fsci64('1.0', unique=False, precision=3), "1.000e+00")
+        assert_equal(fpos32('1.5', unique=False, precision=3), "1.500")
+        assert_equal(fpos64('1.5', unique=False, precision=3), "1.500")
+        assert_equal(fsci32('1.5', unique=False, precision=3), "1.500e+00")
+        assert_equal(fsci64('1.5', unique=False, precision=3), "1.500e+00")
+        # gh-10713
+        assert_equal(fpos64('324', unique=False, precision=5,
+                                   fractional=False), "324.00")
+
+    def test_dragon4_interface(self):
+        tps = [np.float16, np.float32, np.float64]
+        # test is flaky for musllinux on np.float128
+        if hasattr(np, 'float128') and not IS_MUSL:
+            tps.append(np.float128)
+
+        fpos = np.format_float_positional
+        fsci = np.format_float_scientific
+
+        for tp in tps:
+            # test padding
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.0'), pad_left=4, pad_right=4), "   1.    ")
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('-1.0'), pad_left=4, pad_right=4), "  -1.    ")
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('-10.2'),
+                         pad_left=4, pad_right=4), " -10.2   ")
+
+            # test exp_digits
+            assert_equal(fsci(tp('1.23e1'), exp_digits=5), "1.23e+00001")
+
+            # test fixed (non-unique) mode
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.0'), unique=False, precision=4), "1.0000")
+            assert_equal(fsci(tp('1.0'), unique=False, precision=4),
+                         "1.0000e+00")
+
+            # test trimming
+            # trim of 'k' or '.' only affects non-unique mode, since unique
+            # mode will not output trailing 0s.
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.'), unique=False, precision=4, trim='k'),
+                         "1.0000")
+
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.'), unique=False, precision=4, trim='.'),
+                         "1.")
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.2'), unique=False, precision=4, trim='.'),
+                         "1.2" if tp != np.float16 else "1.2002")
+
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.'), unique=False, precision=4, trim='0'),
+                         "1.0")
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.2'), unique=False, precision=4, trim='0'),
+                         "1.2" if tp != np.float16 else "1.2002")
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.'), trim='0'), "1.0")
+
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.'), unique=False, precision=4, trim='-'),
+                         "1")
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.2'), unique=False, precision=4, trim='-'),
+                         "1.2" if tp != np.float16 else "1.2002")
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.'), trim='-'), "1")
+            assert_equal(fpos(tp('1.001'), precision=1, trim='-'), "1")
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not platform.machine().startswith("ppc64"),
+                        reason="only applies to ppc float128 values")
+    def test_ppc64_ibm_double_double128(self):
+        # check that the precision decreases once we get into the subnormal
+        # range. Unlike float64, this starts around 1e-292 instead of 1e-308,
+        # which happens when the first double is normal and the second is
+        # subnormal.
+        x = np.float128('2.123123123123123123123123123123123e-286')
+        got = [str(x/np.float128('2e' + str(i))) for i in range(0,40)]
+        expected = [
+            "1.06156156156156156156156156156157e-286",
+            "1.06156156156156156156156156156158e-287",
+            "1.06156156156156156156156156156159e-288",
+            "1.0615615615615615615615615615616e-289",
+            "1.06156156156156156156156156156157e-290",
+            "1.06156156156156156156156156156156e-291",
+            "1.0615615615615615615615615615616e-292",
+            "1.0615615615615615615615615615615e-293",
+            "1.061561561561561561561561561562e-294",
+            "1.06156156156156156156156156155e-295",
+            "1.0615615615615615615615615616e-296",
+            "1.06156156156156156156156156e-297",
+            "1.06156156156156156156156157e-298",
+            "1.0615615615615615615615616e-299",
+            "1.06156156156156156156156e-300",
+            "1.06156156156156156156155e-301",
+            "1.0615615615615615615616e-302",
+            "1.061561561561561561562e-303",
+            "1.06156156156156156156e-304",
+            "1.0615615615615615618e-305",
+            "1.06156156156156156e-306",
+            "1.06156156156156157e-307",
+            "1.0615615615615616e-308",
+            "1.06156156156156e-309",
+            "1.06156156156157e-310",
+            "1.0615615615616e-311",
+            "1.06156156156e-312",
+            "1.06156156154e-313",
+            "1.0615615616e-314",
+            "1.06156156e-315",
+            "1.06156155e-316",
+            "1.061562e-317",
+            "1.06156e-318",
+            "1.06155e-319",
+            "1.0617e-320",
+            "1.06e-321",
+            "1.04e-322",
+            "1e-323",
+            "0.0",
+            "0.0"]
+        assert_equal(got, expected)
+
+        # Note: we follow glibc behavior, but it (or gcc) might not be right.
+        # In particular we can get two values that print the same but are not
+        # equal:
+        a = np.float128('2')/np.float128('3')
+        b = np.float128(str(a))
+        assert_equal(str(a), str(b))
+        assert_(a != b)
+
+    def float32_roundtrip(self):
+        # gh-9360
+        x = np.float32(1024 - 2**-14)
+        y = np.float32(1024 - 2**-13)
+        assert_(repr(x) != repr(y))
+        assert_equal(np.float32(repr(x)), x)
+        assert_equal(np.float32(repr(y)), y)
+
+    def float64_vs_python(self):
+        # gh-2643, gh-6136, gh-6908
+        assert_equal(repr(np.float64(0.1)), repr(0.1))
+        assert_(repr(np.float64(0.20000000000000004)) != repr(0.2))
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_shape_base.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_shape_base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0428b95a9451c25ebf2ca6b6c06519de51d54a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_shape_base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,825 @@
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core import (
+    array, arange, atleast_1d, atleast_2d, atleast_3d, block, vstack, hstack,
+    newaxis, concatenate, stack
+    )
+from numpy.core.shape_base import (_block_dispatcher, _block_setup,
+                                   _block_concatenate, _block_slicing)
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_raises, assert_array_equal, assert_equal,
+    assert_raises_regex, assert_warns, IS_PYPY
+    )
+
+
+class TestAtleast1d:
+    def test_0D_array(self):
+        a = array(1)
+        b = array(2)
+        res = [atleast_1d(a), atleast_1d(b)]
+        desired = [array([1]), array([2])]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_1D_array(self):
+        a = array([1, 2])
+        b = array([2, 3])
+        res = [atleast_1d(a), atleast_1d(b)]
+        desired = [array([1, 2]), array([2, 3])]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_2D_array(self):
+        a = array([[1, 2], [1, 2]])
+        b = array([[2, 3], [2, 3]])
+        res = [atleast_1d(a), atleast_1d(b)]
+        desired = [a, b]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_3D_array(self):
+        a = array([[1, 2], [1, 2]])
+        b = array([[2, 3], [2, 3]])
+        a = array([a, a])
+        b = array([b, b])
+        res = [atleast_1d(a), atleast_1d(b)]
+        desired = [a, b]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_r1array(self):
+        """ Test to make sure equivalent Travis O's r1array function
+        """
+        assert_(atleast_1d(3).shape == (1,))
+        assert_(atleast_1d(3j).shape == (1,))
+        assert_(atleast_1d(3.0).shape == (1,))
+        assert_(atleast_1d([[2, 3], [4, 5]]).shape == (2, 2))
+
+
+class TestAtleast2d:
+    def test_0D_array(self):
+        a = array(1)
+        b = array(2)
+        res = [atleast_2d(a), atleast_2d(b)]
+        desired = [array([[1]]), array([[2]])]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_1D_array(self):
+        a = array([1, 2])
+        b = array([2, 3])
+        res = [atleast_2d(a), atleast_2d(b)]
+        desired = [array([[1, 2]]), array([[2, 3]])]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_2D_array(self):
+        a = array([[1, 2], [1, 2]])
+        b = array([[2, 3], [2, 3]])
+        res = [atleast_2d(a), atleast_2d(b)]
+        desired = [a, b]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_3D_array(self):
+        a = array([[1, 2], [1, 2]])
+        b = array([[2, 3], [2, 3]])
+        a = array([a, a])
+        b = array([b, b])
+        res = [atleast_2d(a), atleast_2d(b)]
+        desired = [a, b]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_r2array(self):
+        """ Test to make sure equivalent Travis O's r2array function
+        """
+        assert_(atleast_2d(3).shape == (1, 1))
+        assert_(atleast_2d([3j, 1]).shape == (1, 2))
+        assert_(atleast_2d([[[3, 1], [4, 5]], [[3, 5], [1, 2]]]).shape == (2, 2, 2))
+
+
+class TestAtleast3d:
+    def test_0D_array(self):
+        a = array(1)
+        b = array(2)
+        res = [atleast_3d(a), atleast_3d(b)]
+        desired = [array([[[1]]]), array([[[2]]])]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_1D_array(self):
+        a = array([1, 2])
+        b = array([2, 3])
+        res = [atleast_3d(a), atleast_3d(b)]
+        desired = [array([[[1], [2]]]), array([[[2], [3]]])]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_2D_array(self):
+        a = array([[1, 2], [1, 2]])
+        b = array([[2, 3], [2, 3]])
+        res = [atleast_3d(a), atleast_3d(b)]
+        desired = [a[:,:, newaxis], b[:,:, newaxis]]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_3D_array(self):
+        a = array([[1, 2], [1, 2]])
+        b = array([[2, 3], [2, 3]])
+        a = array([a, a])
+        b = array([b, b])
+        res = [atleast_3d(a), atleast_3d(b)]
+        desired = [a, b]
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+
+class TestHstack:
+    def test_non_iterable(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, hstack, 1)
+
+    def test_empty_input(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, hstack, ())
+
+    def test_0D_array(self):
+        a = array(1)
+        b = array(2)
+        res = hstack([a, b])
+        desired = array([1, 2])
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_1D_array(self):
+        a = array([1])
+        b = array([2])
+        res = hstack([a, b])
+        desired = array([1, 2])
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_2D_array(self):
+        a = array([[1], [2]])
+        b = array([[1], [2]])
+        res = hstack([a, b])
+        desired = array([[1, 1], [2, 2]])
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_generator(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="arrays to stack must be"):
+            hstack((np.arange(3) for _ in range(2)))
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="arrays to stack must be"):
+            hstack(map(lambda x: x, np.ones((3, 2))))
+
+    def test_casting_and_dtype(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        b = np.array([2.5, 3.5, 4.5])
+        res = np.hstack((a, b), casting="unsafe", dtype=np.int64)
+        expected_res = np.array([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4])
+        assert_array_equal(res, expected_res)
+    
+    def test_casting_and_dtype_type_error(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        b = np.array([2.5, 3.5, 4.5])
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            hstack((a, b), casting="safe", dtype=np.int64)
+
+
+class TestVstack:
+    def test_non_iterable(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, vstack, 1)
+
+    def test_empty_input(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, vstack, ())
+
+    def test_0D_array(self):
+        a = array(1)
+        b = array(2)
+        res = vstack([a, b])
+        desired = array([[1], [2]])
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_1D_array(self):
+        a = array([1])
+        b = array([2])
+        res = vstack([a, b])
+        desired = array([[1], [2]])
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_2D_array(self):
+        a = array([[1], [2]])
+        b = array([[1], [2]])
+        res = vstack([a, b])
+        desired = array([[1], [2], [1], [2]])
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_2D_array2(self):
+        a = array([1, 2])
+        b = array([1, 2])
+        res = vstack([a, b])
+        desired = array([[1, 2], [1, 2]])
+        assert_array_equal(res, desired)
+
+    def test_generator(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="arrays to stack must be"):
+            vstack((np.arange(3) for _ in range(2)))
+
+    def test_casting_and_dtype(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        b = np.array([2.5, 3.5, 4.5])
+        res = np.vstack((a, b), casting="unsafe", dtype=np.int64)
+        expected_res = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4]])
+        assert_array_equal(res, expected_res)
+    
+    def test_casting_and_dtype_type_error(self):
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        b = np.array([2.5, 3.5, 4.5])
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            vstack((a, b), casting="safe", dtype=np.int64)
+        
+
+
+class TestConcatenate:
+    def test_returns_copy(self):
+        a = np.eye(3)
+        b = np.concatenate([a])
+        b[0, 0] = 2
+        assert b[0, 0] != a[0, 0]
+
+    def test_exceptions(self):
+        # test axis must be in bounds
+        for ndim in [1, 2, 3]:
+            a = np.ones((1,)*ndim)
+            np.concatenate((a, a), axis=0)  # OK
+            assert_raises(np.AxisError, np.concatenate, (a, a), axis=ndim)
+            assert_raises(np.AxisError, np.concatenate, (a, a), axis=-(ndim + 1))
+
+        # Scalars cannot be concatenated
+        assert_raises(ValueError, concatenate, (0,))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, concatenate, (np.array(0),))
+
+        # dimensionality must match
+        assert_raises_regex(
+            ValueError,
+            r"all the input arrays must have same number of dimensions, but "
+            r"the array at index 0 has 1 dimension\(s\) and the array at "
+            r"index 1 has 2 dimension\(s\)",
+            np.concatenate, (np.zeros(1), np.zeros((1, 1))))
+
+        # test shapes must match except for concatenation axis
+        a = np.ones((1, 2, 3))
+        b = np.ones((2, 2, 3))
+        axis = list(range(3))
+        for i in range(3):
+            np.concatenate((a, b), axis=axis[0])  # OK
+            assert_raises_regex(
+                ValueError,
+                "all the input array dimensions except for the concatenation axis "
+                "must match exactly, but along dimension {}, the array at "
+                "index 0 has size 1 and the array at index 1 has size 2"
+                .format(i),
+                np.concatenate, (a, b), axis=axis[1])
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.concatenate, (a, b), axis=axis[2])
+            a = np.moveaxis(a, -1, 0)
+            b = np.moveaxis(b, -1, 0)
+            axis.append(axis.pop(0))
+
+        # No arrays to concatenate raises ValueError
+        assert_raises(ValueError, concatenate, ())
+
+    def test_concatenate_axis_None(self):
+        a = np.arange(4, dtype=np.float64).reshape((2, 2))
+        b = list(range(3))
+        c = ['x']
+        r = np.concatenate((a, a), axis=None)
+        assert_equal(r.dtype, a.dtype)
+        assert_equal(r.ndim, 1)
+        r = np.concatenate((a, b), axis=None)
+        assert_equal(r.size, a.size + len(b))
+        assert_equal(r.dtype, a.dtype)
+        r = np.concatenate((a, b, c), axis=None, dtype="U")
+        d = array(['0.0', '1.0', '2.0', '3.0',
+                   '0', '1', '2', 'x'])
+        assert_array_equal(r, d)
+
+        out = np.zeros(a.size + len(b))
+        r = np.concatenate((a, b), axis=None)
+        rout = np.concatenate((a, b), axis=None, out=out)
+        assert_(out is rout)
+        assert_equal(r, rout)
+
+    def test_large_concatenate_axis_None(self):
+        # When no axis is given, concatenate uses flattened versions.
+        # This also had a bug with many arrays (see gh-5979).
+        x = np.arange(1, 100)
+        r = np.concatenate(x, None)
+        assert_array_equal(x, r)
+
+        # This should probably be deprecated:
+        r = np.concatenate(x, 100)  # axis is >= MAXDIMS
+        assert_array_equal(x, r)
+
+    def test_concatenate(self):
+        # Test concatenate function
+        # One sequence returns unmodified (but as array)
+        r4 = list(range(4))
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((r4,)), r4)
+        # Any sequence
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((tuple(r4),)), r4)
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((array(r4),)), r4)
+        # 1D default concatenation
+        r3 = list(range(3))
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((r4, r3)), r4 + r3)
+        # Mixed sequence types
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((tuple(r4), r3)), r4 + r3)
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((array(r4), r3)), r4 + r3)
+        # Explicit axis specification
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((r4, r3), 0), r4 + r3)
+        # Including negative
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((r4, r3), -1), r4 + r3)
+        # 2D
+        a23 = array([[10, 11, 12], [13, 14, 15]])
+        a13 = array([[0, 1, 2]])
+        res = array([[10, 11, 12], [13, 14, 15], [0, 1, 2]])
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((a23, a13)), res)
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((a23, a13), 0), res)
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((a23.T, a13.T), 1), res.T)
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((a23.T, a13.T), -1), res.T)
+        # Arrays much match shape
+        assert_raises(ValueError, concatenate, (a23.T, a13.T), 0)
+        # 3D
+        res = arange(2 * 3 * 7).reshape((2, 3, 7))
+        a0 = res[..., :4]
+        a1 = res[..., 4:6]
+        a2 = res[..., 6:]
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((a0, a1, a2), 2), res)
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((a0, a1, a2), -1), res)
+        assert_array_equal(concatenate((a0.T, a1.T, a2.T), 0), res.T)
+
+        out = res.copy()
+        rout = concatenate((a0, a1, a2), 2, out=out)
+        assert_(out is rout)
+        assert_equal(res, rout)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYPY, reason="PYPY handles sq_concat, nb_add differently than cpython")
+    def test_operator_concat(self):
+        import operator
+        a = array([1, 2])
+        b = array([3, 4])
+        n = [1,2]
+        res = array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, operator.concat, a, b)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, operator.concat, a, n)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, operator.concat, n, a)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, operator.concat, a, 1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, operator.concat, 1, a)
+
+    def test_bad_out_shape(self):
+        a = array([1, 2])
+        b = array([3, 4])
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, concatenate, (a, b), out=np.empty(5))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, concatenate, (a, b), out=np.empty((4,1)))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, concatenate, (a, b), out=np.empty((1,4)))
+        concatenate((a, b), out=np.empty(4))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", [None, 0])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("out_dtype", ["c8", "f4", "f8", ">f8", "i8", "S4"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("casting",
+            ['no', 'equiv', 'safe', 'same_kind', 'unsafe'])
+    def test_out_and_dtype(self, axis, out_dtype, casting):
+        # Compare usage of `out=out` with `dtype=out.dtype`
+        out = np.empty(4, dtype=out_dtype)
+        to_concat = (array([1.1, 2.2]), array([3.3, 4.4]))
+
+        if not np.can_cast(to_concat[0], out_dtype, casting=casting):
+            with assert_raises(TypeError):
+                concatenate(to_concat, out=out, axis=axis, casting=casting)
+            with assert_raises(TypeError):
+                concatenate(to_concat, dtype=out.dtype,
+                            axis=axis, casting=casting)
+        else:
+            res_out = concatenate(to_concat, out=out,
+                                  axis=axis, casting=casting)
+            res_dtype = concatenate(to_concat, dtype=out.dtype,
+                                    axis=axis, casting=casting)
+            assert res_out is out
+            assert_array_equal(out, res_dtype)
+            assert res_dtype.dtype == out_dtype
+
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            concatenate(to_concat, out=out, dtype=out_dtype, axis=axis)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", [None, 0])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("string_dt", ["S", "U", "S0", "U0"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arrs",
+            [([0.],), ([0.], [1]), ([0], ["string"], [1.])])
+    def test_dtype_with_promotion(self, arrs, string_dt, axis):
+        # Note that U0 and S0 should be deprecated eventually and changed to
+        # actually give the empty string result (together with `np.array`)
+        res = np.concatenate(arrs, axis=axis, dtype=string_dt, casting="unsafe")
+        # The actual dtype should be identical to a cast (of a double array):
+        assert res.dtype == np.array(1.).astype(string_dt).dtype
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", [None, 0])
+    def test_string_dtype_does_not_inspect(self, axis):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.concatenate(([None], [1]), dtype="S", axis=axis)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.concatenate(([None], [1]), dtype="U", axis=axis)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", [None, 0])
+    def test_subarray_error(self, axis):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=".*subarray dtype"):
+            np.concatenate(([1], [1]), dtype="(2,)i", axis=axis)
+
+
+def test_stack():
+    # non-iterable input
+    assert_raises(TypeError, stack, 1)
+
+    # 0d input
+    for input_ in [(1, 2, 3),
+                   [np.int32(1), np.int32(2), np.int32(3)],
+                   [np.array(1), np.array(2), np.array(3)]]:
+        assert_array_equal(stack(input_), [1, 2, 3])
+    # 1d input examples
+    a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+    b = np.array([4, 5, 6])
+    r1 = array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
+    assert_array_equal(np.stack((a, b)), r1)
+    assert_array_equal(np.stack((a, b), axis=1), r1.T)
+    # all input types
+    assert_array_equal(np.stack(list([a, b])), r1)
+    assert_array_equal(np.stack(array([a, b])), r1)
+    # all shapes for 1d input
+    arrays = [np.random.randn(3) for _ in range(10)]
+    axes = [0, 1, -1, -2]
+    expected_shapes = [(10, 3), (3, 10), (3, 10), (10, 3)]
+    for axis, expected_shape in zip(axes, expected_shapes):
+        assert_equal(np.stack(arrays, axis).shape, expected_shape)
+    assert_raises_regex(np.AxisError, 'out of bounds', stack, arrays, axis=2)
+    assert_raises_regex(np.AxisError, 'out of bounds', stack, arrays, axis=-3)
+    # all shapes for 2d input
+    arrays = [np.random.randn(3, 4) for _ in range(10)]
+    axes = [0, 1, 2, -1, -2, -3]
+    expected_shapes = [(10, 3, 4), (3, 10, 4), (3, 4, 10),
+                       (3, 4, 10), (3, 10, 4), (10, 3, 4)]
+    for axis, expected_shape in zip(axes, expected_shapes):
+        assert_equal(np.stack(arrays, axis).shape, expected_shape)
+    # empty arrays
+    assert_(stack([[], [], []]).shape == (3, 0))
+    assert_(stack([[], [], []], axis=1).shape == (0, 3))
+    # out
+    out = np.zeros_like(r1)
+    np.stack((a, b), out=out)
+    assert_array_equal(out, r1)
+    # edge cases
+    assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'need at least one array', stack, [])
+    assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'must have the same shape',
+                        stack, [1, np.arange(3)])
+    assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'must have the same shape',
+                        stack, [np.arange(3), 1])
+    assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'must have the same shape',
+                        stack, [np.arange(3), 1], axis=1)
+    assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'must have the same shape',
+                        stack, [np.zeros((3, 3)), np.zeros(3)], axis=1)
+    assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'must have the same shape',
+                        stack, [np.arange(2), np.arange(3)])
+
+    # do not accept generators
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="arrays to stack must be"):
+        stack((x for x in range(3)))
+
+    #casting and dtype test
+    a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+    b = np.array([2.5, 3.5, 4.5])
+    res = np.stack((a, b), axis=1, casting="unsafe", dtype=np.int64)
+    expected_res = np.array([[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4]])
+    assert_array_equal(res, expected_res)
+    #casting and dtype with TypeError
+    with assert_raises(TypeError):
+        stack((a, b), dtype=np.int64, axis=1, casting="safe")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", [0])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("out_dtype", ["c8", "f4", "f8", ">f8", "i8"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("casting",
+                         ['no', 'equiv', 'safe', 'same_kind', 'unsafe'])
+def test_stack_out_and_dtype(axis, out_dtype, casting):
+    to_concat = (array([1, 2]), array([3, 4]))
+    res = array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+    out = np.zeros_like(res)
+
+    if not np.can_cast(to_concat[0], out_dtype, casting=casting):
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            stack(to_concat, dtype=out_dtype,
+                  axis=axis, casting=casting)
+    else:
+        res_out = stack(to_concat, out=out,
+                        axis=axis, casting=casting)
+        res_dtype = stack(to_concat, dtype=out_dtype,
+                          axis=axis, casting=casting)
+        assert res_out is out
+        assert_array_equal(out, res_dtype)
+        assert res_dtype.dtype == out_dtype
+
+    with assert_raises(TypeError):
+        stack(to_concat, out=out, dtype=out_dtype, axis=axis)
+
+
+class TestBlock:
+    @pytest.fixture(params=['block', 'force_concatenate', 'force_slicing'])
+    def block(self, request):
+        # blocking small arrays and large arrays go through different paths.
+        # the algorithm is triggered depending on the number of element
+        # copies required.
+        # We define a test fixture that forces most tests to go through
+        # both code paths.
+        # Ultimately, this should be removed if a single algorithm is found
+        # to be faster for both small and large arrays.
+        def _block_force_concatenate(arrays):
+            arrays, list_ndim, result_ndim, _ = _block_setup(arrays)
+            return _block_concatenate(arrays, list_ndim, result_ndim)
+
+        def _block_force_slicing(arrays):
+            arrays, list_ndim, result_ndim, _ = _block_setup(arrays)
+            return _block_slicing(arrays, list_ndim, result_ndim)
+
+        if request.param == 'force_concatenate':
+            return _block_force_concatenate
+        elif request.param == 'force_slicing':
+            return _block_force_slicing
+        elif request.param == 'block':
+            return block
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('Unknown blocking request. There is a typo in the tests.')
+
+    def test_returns_copy(self, block):
+        a = np.eye(3)
+        b = block(a)
+        b[0, 0] = 2
+        assert b[0, 0] != a[0, 0]
+
+    def test_block_total_size_estimate(self, block):
+        _, _, _, total_size = _block_setup([1])
+        assert total_size == 1
+
+        _, _, _, total_size = _block_setup([[1]])
+        assert total_size == 1
+
+        _, _, _, total_size = _block_setup([[1, 1]])
+        assert total_size == 2
+
+        _, _, _, total_size = _block_setup([[1], [1]])
+        assert total_size == 2
+
+        _, _, _, total_size = _block_setup([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        assert total_size == 4
+
+    def test_block_simple_row_wise(self, block):
+        a_2d = np.ones((2, 2))
+        b_2d = 2 * a_2d
+        desired = np.array([[1, 1, 2, 2],
+                            [1, 1, 2, 2]])
+        result = block([a_2d, b_2d])
+        assert_equal(desired, result)
+
+    def test_block_simple_column_wise(self, block):
+        a_2d = np.ones((2, 2))
+        b_2d = 2 * a_2d
+        expected = np.array([[1, 1],
+                             [1, 1],
+                             [2, 2],
+                             [2, 2]])
+        result = block([[a_2d], [b_2d]])
+        assert_equal(expected, result)
+
+    def test_block_with_1d_arrays_row_wise(self, block):
+        # # # 1-D vectors are treated as row arrays
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        b = np.array([2, 3, 4])
+        expected = np.array([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4])
+        result = block([a, b])
+        assert_equal(expected, result)
+
+    def test_block_with_1d_arrays_multiple_rows(self, block):
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        b = np.array([2, 3, 4])
+        expected = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4],
+                             [1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4]])
+        result = block([[a, b], [a, b]])
+        assert_equal(expected, result)
+
+    def test_block_with_1d_arrays_column_wise(self, block):
+        # # # 1-D vectors are treated as row arrays
+        a_1d = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        b_1d = np.array([2, 3, 4])
+        expected = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
+                             [2, 3, 4]])
+        result = block([[a_1d], [b_1d]])
+        assert_equal(expected, result)
+
+    def test_block_mixed_1d_and_2d(self, block):
+        a_2d = np.ones((2, 2))
+        b_1d = np.array([2, 2])
+        result = block([[a_2d], [b_1d]])
+        expected = np.array([[1, 1],
+                             [1, 1],
+                             [2, 2]])
+        assert_equal(expected, result)
+
+    def test_block_complicated(self, block):
+        # a bit more complicated
+        one_2d = np.array([[1, 1, 1]])
+        two_2d = np.array([[2, 2, 2]])
+        three_2d = np.array([[3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3]])
+        four_1d = np.array([4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4])
+        five_0d = np.array(5)
+        six_1d = np.array([6, 6, 6, 6, 6])
+        zero_2d = np.zeros((2, 6))
+
+        expected = np.array([[1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2],
+                             [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3],
+                             [4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
+                             [5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
+                             [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+                             [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
+
+        result = block([[one_2d, two_2d],
+                        [three_2d],
+                        [four_1d],
+                        [five_0d, six_1d],
+                        [zero_2d]])
+        assert_equal(result, expected)
+
+    def test_nested(self, block):
+        one = np.array([1, 1, 1])
+        two = np.array([[2, 2, 2], [2, 2, 2], [2, 2, 2]])
+        three = np.array([3, 3, 3])
+        four = np.array([4, 4, 4])
+        five = np.array(5)
+        six = np.array([6, 6, 6, 6, 6])
+        zero = np.zeros((2, 6))
+
+        result = block([
+            [
+                block([
+                   [one],
+                   [three],
+                   [four]
+                ]),
+                two
+            ],
+            [five, six],
+            [zero]
+        ])
+        expected = np.array([[1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2],
+                             [3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2],
+                             [4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2],
+                             [5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
+                             [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+                             [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
+
+        assert_equal(result, expected)
+
+    def test_3d(self, block):
+        a000 = np.ones((2, 2, 2), int) * 1
+
+        a100 = np.ones((3, 2, 2), int) * 2
+        a010 = np.ones((2, 3, 2), int) * 3
+        a001 = np.ones((2, 2, 3), int) * 4
+
+        a011 = np.ones((2, 3, 3), int) * 5
+        a101 = np.ones((3, 2, 3), int) * 6
+        a110 = np.ones((3, 3, 2), int) * 7
+
+        a111 = np.ones((3, 3, 3), int) * 8
+
+        result = block([
+            [
+                [a000, a001],
+                [a010, a011],
+            ],
+            [
+                [a100, a101],
+                [a110, a111],
+            ]
+        ])
+        expected = array([[[1, 1, 4, 4, 4],
+                           [1, 1, 4, 4, 4],
+                           [3, 3, 5, 5, 5],
+                           [3, 3, 5, 5, 5],
+                           [3, 3, 5, 5, 5]],
+
+                          [[1, 1, 4, 4, 4],
+                           [1, 1, 4, 4, 4],
+                           [3, 3, 5, 5, 5],
+                           [3, 3, 5, 5, 5],
+                           [3, 3, 5, 5, 5]],
+
+                          [[2, 2, 6, 6, 6],
+                           [2, 2, 6, 6, 6],
+                           [7, 7, 8, 8, 8],
+                           [7, 7, 8, 8, 8],
+                           [7, 7, 8, 8, 8]],
+
+                          [[2, 2, 6, 6, 6],
+                           [2, 2, 6, 6, 6],
+                           [7, 7, 8, 8, 8],
+                           [7, 7, 8, 8, 8],
+                           [7, 7, 8, 8, 8]],
+
+                          [[2, 2, 6, 6, 6],
+                           [2, 2, 6, 6, 6],
+                           [7, 7, 8, 8, 8],
+                           [7, 7, 8, 8, 8],
+                           [7, 7, 8, 8, 8]]])
+
+        assert_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+    def test_block_with_mismatched_shape(self, block):
+        a = np.array([0, 0])
+        b = np.eye(2)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, block, [a, b])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, block, [b, a])
+
+        to_block = [[np.ones((2,3)), np.ones((2,2))],
+                    [np.ones((2,2)), np.ones((2,2))]]
+        assert_raises(ValueError, block, to_block)
+    def test_no_lists(self, block):
+        assert_equal(block(1),         np.array(1))
+        assert_equal(block(np.eye(3)), np.eye(3))
+
+    def test_invalid_nesting(self, block):
+        msg = 'depths are mismatched'
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, msg, block, [1, [2]])
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, msg, block, [1, []])
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, msg, block, [[1], 2])
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, msg, block, [[], 2])
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, msg, block, [
+            [[1], [2]],
+            [[3, 4]],
+            [5]  # missing brackets
+        ])
+
+    def test_empty_lists(self, block):
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'empty', block, [])
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'empty', block, [[]])
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'empty', block, [[1], []])
+
+    def test_tuple(self, block):
+        assert_raises_regex(TypeError, 'tuple', block, ([1, 2], [3, 4]))
+        assert_raises_regex(TypeError, 'tuple', block, [(1, 2), (3, 4)])
+
+    def test_different_ndims(self, block):
+        a = 1.
+        b = 2 * np.ones((1, 2))
+        c = 3 * np.ones((1, 1, 3))
+
+        result = block([a, b, c])
+        expected = np.array([[[1., 2., 2., 3., 3., 3.]]])
+
+        assert_equal(result, expected)
+
+    def test_different_ndims_depths(self, block):
+        a = 1.
+        b = 2 * np.ones((1, 2))
+        c = 3 * np.ones((1, 2, 3))
+
+        result = block([[a, b], [c]])
+        expected = np.array([[[1., 2., 2.],
+                              [3., 3., 3.],
+                              [3., 3., 3.]]])
+
+        assert_equal(result, expected)
+
+    def test_block_memory_order(self, block):
+        # 3D
+        arr_c = np.zeros((3,)*3, order='C')
+        arr_f = np.zeros((3,)*3, order='F')
+
+        b_c = [[[arr_c, arr_c],
+                [arr_c, arr_c]],
+               [[arr_c, arr_c],
+                [arr_c, arr_c]]]
+
+        b_f = [[[arr_f, arr_f],
+                [arr_f, arr_f]],
+               [[arr_f, arr_f],
+                [arr_f, arr_f]]]
+
+        assert block(b_c).flags['C_CONTIGUOUS']
+        assert block(b_f).flags['F_CONTIGUOUS']
+
+        arr_c = np.zeros((3, 3), order='C')
+        arr_f = np.zeros((3, 3), order='F')
+        # 2D
+        b_c = [[arr_c, arr_c],
+               [arr_c, arr_c]]
+
+        b_f = [[arr_f, arr_f],
+               [arr_f, arr_f]]
+
+        assert block(b_c).flags['C_CONTIGUOUS']
+        assert block(b_f).flags['F_CONTIGUOUS']
+
+
+def test_block_dispatcher():
+    class ArrayLike:
+        pass
+    a = ArrayLike()
+    b = ArrayLike()
+    c = ArrayLike()
+    assert_equal(list(_block_dispatcher(a)), [a])
+    assert_equal(list(_block_dispatcher([a])), [a])
+    assert_equal(list(_block_dispatcher([a, b])), [a, b])
+    assert_equal(list(_block_dispatcher([[a], [b, [c]]])), [a, b, c])
+    # don't recurse into non-lists
+    assert_equal(list(_block_dispatcher((a, b))), [(a, b)])
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_simd.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_simd.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..92b567446d98be9dfd15438939111c18ebd8bdaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_simd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1333 @@
+# NOTE: Please avoid the use of numpy.testing since NPYV intrinsics
+# may be involved in their functionality.
+import pytest, math, re
+import itertools
+import operator
+from numpy.core._simd import targets, clear_floatstatus, get_floatstatus
+from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import __cpu_baseline__
+
+def check_floatstatus(divbyzero=False, overflow=False,
+                      underflow=False, invalid=False,
+                      all=False):
+    #define NPY_FPE_DIVIDEBYZERO  1
+    #define NPY_FPE_OVERFLOW      2
+    #define NPY_FPE_UNDERFLOW     4
+    #define NPY_FPE_INVALID       8
+    err = get_floatstatus()
+    ret = (all or divbyzero) and (err & 1) != 0
+    ret |= (all or overflow) and (err & 2) != 0
+    ret |= (all or underflow) and (err & 4) != 0
+    ret |= (all or invalid) and (err & 8) != 0
+    return ret
+
+class _Test_Utility:
+    # submodule of the desired SIMD extension, e.g. targets["AVX512F"]
+    npyv = None
+    # the current data type suffix e.g. 's8'
+    sfx  = None
+    # target name can be 'baseline' or one or more of CPU features
+    target_name = None
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        """
+        To call NPV intrinsics without the attribute 'npyv' and
+        auto suffixing intrinsics according to class attribute 'sfx'
+        """
+        return getattr(self.npyv, attr + "_" + self.sfx)
+
+    def _x2(self, intrin_name):
+        return getattr(self.npyv, f"{intrin_name}_{self.sfx}x2")
+
+    def _data(self, start=None, count=None, reverse=False):
+        """
+        Create list of consecutive numbers according to number of vector's lanes.
+        """
+        if start is None:
+            start = 1
+        if count is None:
+            count = self.nlanes
+        rng = range(start, start + count)
+        if reverse:
+            rng = reversed(rng)
+        if self._is_fp():
+            return [x / 1.0 for x in rng]
+        return list(rng)
+
+    def _is_unsigned(self):
+        return self.sfx[0] == 'u'
+
+    def _is_signed(self):
+        return self.sfx[0] == 's'
+
+    def _is_fp(self):
+        return self.sfx[0] == 'f'
+
+    def _scalar_size(self):
+        return int(self.sfx[1:])
+
+    def _int_clip(self, seq):
+        if self._is_fp():
+            return seq
+        max_int = self._int_max()
+        min_int = self._int_min()
+        return [min(max(v, min_int), max_int) for v in seq]
+
+    def _int_max(self):
+        if self._is_fp():
+            return None
+        max_u = self._to_unsigned(self.setall(-1))[0]
+        if self._is_signed():
+            return max_u // 2
+        return max_u
+
+    def _int_min(self):
+        if self._is_fp():
+            return None
+        if self._is_unsigned():
+            return 0
+        return -(self._int_max() + 1)
+
+    def _true_mask(self):
+        max_unsig = getattr(self.npyv, "setall_u" + self.sfx[1:])(-1)
+        return max_unsig[0]
+
+    def _to_unsigned(self, vector):
+        if isinstance(vector, (list, tuple)):
+            return getattr(self.npyv, "load_u" + self.sfx[1:])(vector)
+        else:
+            sfx = vector.__name__.replace("npyv_", "")
+            if sfx[0] == "b":
+                cvt_intrin = "cvt_u{0}_b{0}"
+            else:
+                cvt_intrin = "reinterpret_u{0}_{1}"
+            return getattr(self.npyv, cvt_intrin.format(sfx[1:], sfx))(vector)
+
+    def _pinfinity(self):
+        return float("inf")
+
+    def _ninfinity(self):
+        return -float("inf")
+
+    def _nan(self):
+        return float("nan")
+
+    def _cpu_features(self):
+        target = self.target_name
+        if target == "baseline":
+            target = __cpu_baseline__
+        else:
+            target = target.split('__') # multi-target separator
+        return ' '.join(target)
+
+class _SIMD_BOOL(_Test_Utility):
+    """
+    To test all boolean vector types at once
+    """
+    def _nlanes(self):
+        return getattr(self.npyv, "nlanes_u" + self.sfx[1:])
+
+    def _data(self, start=None, count=None, reverse=False):
+        true_mask = self._true_mask()
+        rng = range(self._nlanes())
+        if reverse:
+            rng = reversed(rng)
+        return [true_mask if x % 2 else 0 for x in rng]
+
+    def _load_b(self, data):
+        len_str = self.sfx[1:]
+        load = getattr(self.npyv, "load_u" + len_str)
+        cvt = getattr(self.npyv, f"cvt_b{len_str}_u{len_str}")
+        return cvt(load(data))
+
+    def test_operators_logical(self):
+        """
+        Logical operations for boolean types.
+        Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_xor_##SFX, npyv_and_##SFX, npyv_or_##SFX, npyv_not_##SFX,
+            npyv_andc_b8, npvy_orc_b8, nvpy_xnor_b8
+        """
+        data_a = self._data()
+        data_b = self._data(reverse=True)
+        vdata_a = self._load_b(data_a)
+        vdata_b = self._load_b(data_b)
+
+        data_and = [a & b for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)]
+        vand = getattr(self, "and")(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert vand == data_and
+
+        data_or = [a | b for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)]
+        vor = getattr(self, "or")(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert vor == data_or
+
+        data_xor = [a ^ b for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)]
+        vxor = getattr(self, "xor")(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert vxor == data_xor
+
+        vnot = getattr(self, "not")(vdata_a)
+        assert vnot == data_b
+
+        # among the boolean types, andc, orc and xnor only support b8
+        if self.sfx not in ("b8"):
+            return
+
+        data_andc = [(a & ~b) & 0xFF for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)]
+        vandc = getattr(self, "andc")(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert data_andc == vandc
+
+        data_orc = [(a | ~b) & 0xFF for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)]
+        vorc = getattr(self, "orc")(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert data_orc == vorc
+
+        data_xnor = [~(a ^ b) & 0xFF for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)]
+        vxnor = getattr(self, "xnor")(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert data_xnor == vxnor
+
+    def test_tobits(self):
+        data2bits = lambda data: sum([int(x != 0) << i for i, x in enumerate(data, 0)])
+        for data in (self._data(), self._data(reverse=True)):
+            vdata = self._load_b(data)
+            data_bits = data2bits(data)
+            tobits = self.tobits(vdata)
+            bin_tobits = bin(tobits)
+            assert bin_tobits == bin(data_bits)
+
+    def test_pack(self):
+        """
+        Pack multiple vectors into one
+        Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_pack_b8_b16
+            npyv_pack_b8_b32
+            npyv_pack_b8_b64
+        """
+        if self.sfx not in ("b16", "b32", "b64"):
+            return
+        # create the vectors
+        data = self._data()
+        rdata = self._data(reverse=True)
+        vdata = self._load_b(data)
+        vrdata = self._load_b(rdata)
+        pack_simd = getattr(self.npyv, f"pack_b8_{self.sfx}")
+        # for scalar execution, concatenate the elements of the multiple lists
+        # into a single list (spack) and then iterate over the elements of
+        # the created list applying a mask to capture the first byte of them.
+        if self.sfx == "b16":
+            spack = [(i & 0xFF) for i in (list(rdata) + list(data))]
+            vpack = pack_simd(vrdata, vdata)
+        elif self.sfx == "b32":
+            spack = [(i & 0xFF) for i in (2*list(rdata) + 2*list(data))]
+            vpack = pack_simd(vrdata, vrdata, vdata, vdata)
+        elif self.sfx == "b64":
+            spack = [(i & 0xFF) for i in (4*list(rdata) + 4*list(data))]
+            vpack = pack_simd(vrdata, vrdata, vrdata, vrdata,
+                               vdata,  vdata,  vdata,  vdata)
+        assert vpack == spack
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin", ["any", "all"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("data", (
+        [-1, 0],
+        [0, -1],
+        [-1],
+        [0]
+    ))
+    def test_operators_crosstest(self, intrin, data):
+        """
+        Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_any_##SFX
+            npyv_all_##SFX
+        """
+        data_a = self._load_b(data * self._nlanes())
+        func = eval(intrin)
+        intrin = getattr(self, intrin)
+        desired = func(data_a)
+        simd = intrin(data_a)
+        assert not not simd == desired
+
+class _SIMD_INT(_Test_Utility):
+    """
+    To test all integer vector types at once
+    """
+    def test_operators_shift(self):
+        if self.sfx in ("u8", "s8"):
+            return
+
+        data_a = self._data(self._int_max() - self.nlanes)
+        data_b = self._data(self._int_min(), reverse=True)
+        vdata_a, vdata_b = self.load(data_a), self.load(data_b)
+
+        for count in range(self._scalar_size()):
+            # load to cast
+            data_shl_a = self.load([a << count for a in data_a])
+            # left shift
+            shl = self.shl(vdata_a, count)
+            assert shl == data_shl_a
+            # load to cast
+            data_shr_a = self.load([a >> count for a in data_a])
+            # right shift
+            shr = self.shr(vdata_a, count)
+            assert shr == data_shr_a
+
+        # shift by zero or max or out-range immediate constant is not applicable and illogical
+        for count in range(1, self._scalar_size()):
+            # load to cast
+            data_shl_a = self.load([a << count for a in data_a])
+            # left shift by an immediate constant
+            shli = self.shli(vdata_a, count)
+            assert shli == data_shl_a
+            # load to cast
+            data_shr_a = self.load([a >> count for a in data_a])
+            # right shift by an immediate constant
+            shri = self.shri(vdata_a, count)
+            assert shri == data_shr_a
+
+    def test_arithmetic_subadd_saturated(self):
+        if self.sfx in ("u32", "s32", "u64", "s64"):
+            return
+
+        data_a = self._data(self._int_max() - self.nlanes)
+        data_b = self._data(self._int_min(), reverse=True)
+        vdata_a, vdata_b = self.load(data_a), self.load(data_b)
+
+        data_adds = self._int_clip([a + b for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)])
+        adds = self.adds(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert adds == data_adds
+
+        data_subs = self._int_clip([a - b for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)])
+        subs = self.subs(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert subs == data_subs
+
+    def test_math_max_min(self):
+        data_a = self._data()
+        data_b = self._data(self.nlanes)
+        vdata_a, vdata_b = self.load(data_a), self.load(data_b)
+
+        data_max = [max(a, b) for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)]
+        simd_max = self.max(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert simd_max == data_max
+
+        data_min = [min(a, b) for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)]
+        simd_min = self.min(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert simd_min == data_min
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("start", [-100, -10000, 0, 100, 10000])
+    def test_reduce_max_min(self, start):
+        """
+        Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_reduce_max_##sfx
+            npyv_reduce_min_##sfx
+        """
+        vdata_a = self.load(self._data(start))
+        assert self.reduce_max(vdata_a) == max(vdata_a)
+        assert self.reduce_min(vdata_a) == min(vdata_a)
+
+
+class _SIMD_FP32(_Test_Utility):
+    """
+    To only test single precision
+    """
+    def test_conversions(self):
+        """
+        Round to nearest even integer, assume CPU control register is set to rounding.
+        Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_round_s32_##SFX
+        """
+        features = self._cpu_features()
+        if not self.npyv.simd_f64 and re.match(r".*(NEON|ASIMD)", features):
+            # very costly to emulate nearest even on Armv7
+            # instead we round halves to up. e.g. 0.5 -> 1, -0.5 -> -1
+            _round = lambda v: int(v + (0.5 if v >= 0 else -0.5))
+        else:
+            _round = round
+        vdata_a = self.load(self._data())
+        vdata_a = self.sub(vdata_a, self.setall(0.5))
+        data_round = [_round(x) for x in vdata_a]
+        vround = self.round_s32(vdata_a)
+        assert vround == data_round
+
+class _SIMD_FP64(_Test_Utility):
+    """
+    To only test double precision
+    """
+    def test_conversions(self):
+        """
+        Round to nearest even integer, assume CPU control register is set to rounding.
+        Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_round_s32_##SFX
+        """
+        vdata_a = self.load(self._data())
+        vdata_a = self.sub(vdata_a, self.setall(0.5))
+        vdata_b = self.mul(vdata_a, self.setall(-1.5))
+        data_round = [round(x) for x in list(vdata_a) + list(vdata_b)]
+        vround = self.round_s32(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert vround == data_round
+
+class _SIMD_FP(_Test_Utility):
+    """
+    To test all float vector types at once
+    """
+    def test_arithmetic_fused(self):
+        vdata_a, vdata_b, vdata_c = [self.load(self._data())]*3
+        vdata_cx2 = self.add(vdata_c, vdata_c)
+        # multiply and add, a*b + c
+        data_fma = self.load([a * b + c for a, b, c in zip(vdata_a, vdata_b, vdata_c)])
+        fma = self.muladd(vdata_a, vdata_b, vdata_c)
+        assert fma == data_fma
+        # multiply and subtract, a*b - c
+        fms = self.mulsub(vdata_a, vdata_b, vdata_c)
+        data_fms = self.sub(data_fma, vdata_cx2)
+        assert fms == data_fms
+        # negate multiply and add, -(a*b) + c
+        nfma = self.nmuladd(vdata_a, vdata_b, vdata_c)
+        data_nfma = self.sub(vdata_cx2, data_fma)
+        assert nfma == data_nfma
+        # negate multiply and subtract, -(a*b) - c
+        nfms = self.nmulsub(vdata_a, vdata_b, vdata_c)
+        data_nfms = self.mul(data_fma, self.setall(-1))
+        assert nfms == data_nfms
+        # multiply, add for odd elements and subtract even elements.
+        # (a * b) -+ c
+        fmas = list(self.muladdsub(vdata_a, vdata_b, vdata_c))
+        assert fmas[0::2] == list(data_fms)[0::2]
+        assert fmas[1::2] == list(data_fma)[1::2]
+
+    def test_abs(self):
+        pinf, ninf, nan = self._pinfinity(), self._ninfinity(), self._nan()
+        data = self._data()
+        vdata = self.load(self._data())
+
+        abs_cases = ((-0, 0), (ninf, pinf), (pinf, pinf), (nan, nan))
+        for case, desired in abs_cases:
+            data_abs = [desired]*self.nlanes
+            vabs = self.abs(self.setall(case))
+            assert vabs == pytest.approx(data_abs, nan_ok=True)
+
+        vabs = self.abs(self.mul(vdata, self.setall(-1)))
+        assert vabs == data
+
+    def test_sqrt(self):
+        pinf, ninf, nan = self._pinfinity(), self._ninfinity(), self._nan()
+        data = self._data()
+        vdata = self.load(self._data())
+
+        sqrt_cases = ((-0.0, -0.0), (0.0, 0.0), (-1.0, nan), (ninf, nan), (pinf, pinf))
+        for case, desired in sqrt_cases:
+            data_sqrt = [desired]*self.nlanes
+            sqrt  = self.sqrt(self.setall(case))
+            assert sqrt == pytest.approx(data_sqrt, nan_ok=True)
+
+        data_sqrt = self.load([math.sqrt(x) for x in data]) # load to truncate precision
+        sqrt = self.sqrt(vdata)
+        assert sqrt == data_sqrt
+
+    def test_square(self):
+        pinf, ninf, nan = self._pinfinity(), self._ninfinity(), self._nan()
+        data = self._data()
+        vdata = self.load(self._data())
+        # square
+        square_cases = ((nan, nan), (pinf, pinf), (ninf, pinf))
+        for case, desired in square_cases:
+            data_square = [desired]*self.nlanes
+            square  = self.square(self.setall(case))
+            assert square == pytest.approx(data_square, nan_ok=True)
+
+        data_square = [x*x for x in data]
+        square = self.square(vdata)
+        assert square == data_square
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin, func", [("ceil", math.ceil),
+    ("trunc", math.trunc), ("floor", math.floor), ("rint", round)])
+    def test_rounding(self, intrin, func):
+        """
+        Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_rint_##SFX
+            npyv_ceil_##SFX
+            npyv_trunc_##SFX
+            npyv_floor##SFX
+        """
+        intrin_name = intrin
+        intrin = getattr(self, intrin)
+        pinf, ninf, nan = self._pinfinity(), self._ninfinity(), self._nan()
+        # special cases
+        round_cases = ((nan, nan), (pinf, pinf), (ninf, ninf))
+        for case, desired in round_cases:
+            data_round = [desired]*self.nlanes
+            _round = intrin(self.setall(case))
+            assert _round == pytest.approx(data_round, nan_ok=True)
+
+        for x in range(0, 2**20, 256**2):
+            for w in (-1.05, -1.10, -1.15, 1.05, 1.10, 1.15):
+                data = self.load([(x+a)*w for a in range(self.nlanes)])
+                data_round = [func(x) for x in data]
+                _round = intrin(data)
+                assert _round == data_round
+
+        # test large numbers
+        for i in (
+            1.1529215045988576e+18, 4.6116860183954304e+18,
+            5.902958103546122e+20, 2.3611832414184488e+21
+        ):
+            x = self.setall(i)
+            y = intrin(x)
+            data_round = [func(n) for n in x]
+            assert y == data_round
+
+        # signed zero
+        if intrin_name == "floor":
+            data_szero = (-0.0,)
+        else:
+            data_szero = (-0.0, -0.25, -0.30, -0.45, -0.5)
+
+        for w in data_szero:
+            _round = self._to_unsigned(intrin(self.setall(w)))
+            data_round = self._to_unsigned(self.setall(-0.0))
+            assert _round == data_round
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin", [
+        "max", "maxp", "maxn", "min", "minp", "minn"
+    ])
+    def test_max_min(self, intrin):
+        """
+        Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_max_##sfx
+            npyv_maxp_##sfx
+            npyv_maxn_##sfx
+            npyv_min_##sfx
+            npyv_minp_##sfx
+            npyv_minn_##sfx
+            npyv_reduce_max_##sfx
+            npyv_reduce_maxp_##sfx
+            npyv_reduce_maxn_##sfx
+            npyv_reduce_min_##sfx
+            npyv_reduce_minp_##sfx
+            npyv_reduce_minn_##sfx
+        """
+        pinf, ninf, nan = self._pinfinity(), self._ninfinity(), self._nan()
+        chk_nan = {"xp": 1, "np": 1, "nn": 2, "xn": 2}.get(intrin[-2:], 0)
+        func = eval(intrin[:3])
+        reduce_intrin = getattr(self, "reduce_" + intrin)
+        intrin = getattr(self, intrin)
+        hf_nlanes = self.nlanes//2
+
+        cases = (
+            ([0.0, -0.0], [-0.0, 0.0]),
+            ([10, -10],  [10, -10]),
+            ([pinf, 10], [10, ninf]),
+            ([10, pinf], [ninf, 10]),
+            ([10, -10], [10, -10]),
+            ([-10, 10], [-10, 10])
+        )
+        for op1, op2 in cases:
+            vdata_a = self.load(op1*hf_nlanes)
+            vdata_b = self.load(op2*hf_nlanes)
+            data = func(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+            simd = intrin(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+            assert simd == data
+            data = func(vdata_a)
+            simd = reduce_intrin(vdata_a)
+            assert simd == data
+
+        if not chk_nan:
+            return
+        if chk_nan == 1:
+            test_nan = lambda a, b: (
+                b if math.isnan(a) else a if math.isnan(b) else b
+            )
+        else:
+            test_nan = lambda a, b: (
+                nan if math.isnan(a) or math.isnan(b) else b
+            )
+        cases = (
+            (nan, 10),
+            (10, nan),
+            (nan, pinf),
+            (pinf, nan),
+            (nan, nan)
+        )
+        for op1, op2 in cases:
+            vdata_ab = self.load([op1, op2]*hf_nlanes)
+            data = test_nan(op1, op2)
+            simd = reduce_intrin(vdata_ab)
+            assert simd == pytest.approx(data, nan_ok=True)
+            vdata_a = self.setall(op1)
+            vdata_b = self.setall(op2)
+            data = [data] * self.nlanes
+            simd = intrin(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+            assert simd == pytest.approx(data, nan_ok=True)
+
+    def test_reciprocal(self):
+        pinf, ninf, nan = self._pinfinity(), self._ninfinity(), self._nan()
+        data = self._data()
+        vdata = self.load(self._data())
+
+        recip_cases = ((nan, nan), (pinf, 0.0), (ninf, -0.0), (0.0, pinf), (-0.0, ninf))
+        for case, desired in recip_cases:
+            data_recip = [desired]*self.nlanes
+            recip = self.recip(self.setall(case))
+            assert recip == pytest.approx(data_recip, nan_ok=True)
+
+        data_recip = self.load([1/x for x in data]) # load to truncate precision
+        recip = self.recip(vdata)
+        assert recip == data_recip
+
+    def test_special_cases(self):
+        """
+        Compare Not NaN. Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_notnan_##SFX
+        """
+        nnan = self.notnan(self.setall(self._nan()))
+        assert nnan == [0]*self.nlanes
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin_name", [
+        "rint", "trunc", "ceil", "floor"
+    ])
+    def test_unary_invalid_fpexception(self, intrin_name):
+        intrin = getattr(self, intrin_name)
+        for d in [float("nan"), float("inf"), -float("inf")]:
+            v = self.setall(d)
+            clear_floatstatus()
+            intrin(v)
+            assert check_floatstatus(invalid=True) == False
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('py_comp,np_comp', [
+        (operator.lt, "cmplt"),
+        (operator.le, "cmple"),
+        (operator.gt, "cmpgt"),
+        (operator.ge, "cmpge"),
+        (operator.eq, "cmpeq"),
+        (operator.ne, "cmpneq")
+    ])
+    def test_comparison_with_nan(self, py_comp, np_comp):
+        pinf, ninf, nan = self._pinfinity(), self._ninfinity(), self._nan()
+        mask_true = self._true_mask()
+
+        def to_bool(vector):
+            return [lane == mask_true for lane in vector]
+
+        intrin = getattr(self, np_comp)
+        cmp_cases = ((0, nan), (nan, 0), (nan, nan), (pinf, nan),
+                     (ninf, nan), (-0.0, +0.0))
+        for case_operand1, case_operand2 in cmp_cases:
+            data_a = [case_operand1]*self.nlanes
+            data_b = [case_operand2]*self.nlanes
+            vdata_a = self.setall(case_operand1)
+            vdata_b = self.setall(case_operand2)
+            vcmp = to_bool(intrin(vdata_a, vdata_b))
+            data_cmp = [py_comp(a, b) for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)]
+            assert vcmp == data_cmp
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin", ["any", "all"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("data", (
+        [float("nan"), 0],
+        [0, float("nan")],
+        [float("nan"), 1],
+        [1, float("nan")],
+        [float("nan"), float("nan")],
+        [0.0, -0.0],
+        [-0.0, 0.0],
+        [1.0, -0.0]
+    ))
+    def test_operators_crosstest(self, intrin, data):
+        """
+        Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_any_##SFX
+            npyv_all_##SFX
+        """
+        data_a = self.load(data * self.nlanes)
+        func = eval(intrin)
+        intrin = getattr(self, intrin)
+        desired = func(data_a)
+        simd = intrin(data_a)
+        assert not not simd == desired
+
+class _SIMD_ALL(_Test_Utility):
+    """
+    To test all vector types at once
+    """
+    def test_memory_load(self):
+        data = self._data()
+        # unaligned load
+        load_data = self.load(data)
+        assert load_data == data
+        # aligned load
+        loada_data = self.loada(data)
+        assert loada_data == data
+        # stream load
+        loads_data = self.loads(data)
+        assert loads_data == data
+        # load lower part
+        loadl = self.loadl(data)
+        loadl_half = list(loadl)[:self.nlanes//2]
+        data_half = data[:self.nlanes//2]
+        assert loadl_half == data_half
+        assert loadl != data # detect overflow
+
+    def test_memory_store(self):
+        data = self._data()
+        vdata = self.load(data)
+        # unaligned store
+        store = [0] * self.nlanes
+        self.store(store, vdata)
+        assert store == data
+        # aligned store
+        store_a = [0] * self.nlanes
+        self.storea(store_a, vdata)
+        assert store_a == data
+        # stream store
+        store_s = [0] * self.nlanes
+        self.stores(store_s, vdata)
+        assert store_s == data
+        # store lower part
+        store_l = [0] * self.nlanes
+        self.storel(store_l, vdata)
+        assert store_l[:self.nlanes//2] == data[:self.nlanes//2]
+        assert store_l != vdata # detect overflow
+        # store higher part
+        store_h = [0] * self.nlanes
+        self.storeh(store_h, vdata)
+        assert store_h[:self.nlanes//2] == data[self.nlanes//2:]
+        assert store_h != vdata  # detect overflow
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin, elsizes, scale, fill", [
+        ("self.load_tillz, self.load_till", (32, 64), 1, [0xffff]),
+        ("self.load2_tillz, self.load2_till", (32, 64), 2, [0xffff, 0x7fff]),
+    ])
+    def test_memory_partial_load(self, intrin, elsizes, scale, fill):
+        if self._scalar_size() not in elsizes:
+            return
+        npyv_load_tillz, npyv_load_till = eval(intrin)
+        data = self._data()
+        lanes = list(range(1, self.nlanes + 1))
+        lanes += [self.nlanes**2, self.nlanes**4] # test out of range
+        for n in lanes:
+            load_till = npyv_load_till(data, n, *fill)
+            load_tillz = npyv_load_tillz(data, n)
+            n *= scale
+            data_till = data[:n] + fill * ((self.nlanes-n) // scale)
+            assert load_till == data_till
+            data_tillz = data[:n] + [0] * (self.nlanes-n)
+            assert load_tillz == data_tillz
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin, elsizes, scale", [
+        ("self.store_till", (32, 64), 1),
+        ("self.store2_till", (32, 64), 2),
+    ])
+    def test_memory_partial_store(self, intrin, elsizes, scale):
+        if self._scalar_size() not in elsizes:
+            return
+        npyv_store_till = eval(intrin)
+        data = self._data()
+        data_rev = self._data(reverse=True)
+        vdata = self.load(data)
+        lanes = list(range(1, self.nlanes + 1))
+        lanes += [self.nlanes**2, self.nlanes**4]
+        for n in lanes:
+            data_till = data_rev.copy()
+            data_till[:n*scale] = data[:n*scale]
+            store_till = self._data(reverse=True)
+            npyv_store_till(store_till, n, vdata)
+            assert store_till == data_till
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin, elsizes, scale", [
+        ("self.loadn", (32, 64), 1),
+        ("self.loadn2", (32, 64), 2),
+    ])
+    def test_memory_noncont_load(self, intrin, elsizes, scale):
+        if self._scalar_size() not in elsizes:
+            return
+        npyv_loadn = eval(intrin)
+        for stride in range(-64, 64):
+            if stride < 0:
+                data = self._data(stride, -stride*self.nlanes)
+                data_stride = list(itertools.chain(
+                    *zip(*[data[-i::stride] for i in range(scale, 0, -1)])
+                ))
+            elif stride == 0:
+                data = self._data()
+                data_stride = data[0:scale] * (self.nlanes//scale)
+            else:
+                data = self._data(count=stride*self.nlanes)
+                data_stride = list(itertools.chain(
+                    *zip(*[data[i::stride] for i in range(scale)]))
+                )
+            data_stride = self.load(data_stride)  # cast unsigned
+            loadn = npyv_loadn(data, stride)
+            assert loadn == data_stride
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin, elsizes, scale, fill", [
+        ("self.loadn_tillz, self.loadn_till", (32, 64), 1, [0xffff]),
+        ("self.loadn2_tillz, self.loadn2_till", (32, 64), 2, [0xffff, 0x7fff]),
+    ])
+    def test_memory_noncont_partial_load(self, intrin, elsizes, scale, fill):
+        if self._scalar_size() not in elsizes:
+            return
+        npyv_loadn_tillz, npyv_loadn_till = eval(intrin)
+        lanes = list(range(1, self.nlanes + 1))
+        lanes += [self.nlanes**2, self.nlanes**4]
+        for stride in range(-64, 64):
+            if stride < 0:
+                data = self._data(stride, -stride*self.nlanes)
+                data_stride = list(itertools.chain(
+                    *zip(*[data[-i::stride] for i in range(scale, 0, -1)])
+                ))
+            elif stride == 0:
+                data = self._data()
+                data_stride = data[0:scale] * (self.nlanes//scale)
+            else:
+                data = self._data(count=stride*self.nlanes)
+                data_stride = list(itertools.chain(
+                    *zip(*[data[i::stride] for i in range(scale)])
+                ))
+            data_stride = list(self.load(data_stride))  # cast unsigned
+            for n in lanes:
+                nscale = n * scale
+                llanes = self.nlanes - nscale
+                data_stride_till = (
+                    data_stride[:nscale] + fill * (llanes//scale)
+                )
+                loadn_till = npyv_loadn_till(data, stride, n, *fill)
+                assert loadn_till == data_stride_till
+                data_stride_tillz = data_stride[:nscale] + [0] * llanes
+                loadn_tillz = npyv_loadn_tillz(data, stride, n)
+                assert loadn_tillz == data_stride_tillz
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin, elsizes, scale", [
+        ("self.storen", (32, 64), 1),
+        ("self.storen2", (32, 64), 2),
+    ])
+    def test_memory_noncont_store(self, intrin, elsizes, scale):
+        if self._scalar_size() not in elsizes:
+            return
+        npyv_storen = eval(intrin)
+        data = self._data()
+        vdata = self.load(data)
+        hlanes = self.nlanes // scale
+        for stride in range(1, 64):
+            data_storen = [0xff] * stride * self.nlanes
+            for s in range(0, hlanes*stride, stride):
+                i = (s//stride)*scale
+                data_storen[s:s+scale] = data[i:i+scale]
+            storen = [0xff] * stride * self.nlanes
+            storen += [0x7f]*64
+            npyv_storen(storen, stride, vdata)
+            assert storen[:-64] == data_storen
+            assert storen[-64:] == [0x7f]*64  # detect overflow
+
+        for stride in range(-64, 0):
+            data_storen = [0xff] * -stride * self.nlanes
+            for s in range(0, hlanes*stride, stride):
+                i = (s//stride)*scale
+                data_storen[s-scale:s or None] = data[i:i+scale]
+            storen = [0x7f]*64
+            storen += [0xff] * -stride * self.nlanes
+            npyv_storen(storen, stride, vdata)
+            assert storen[64:] == data_storen
+            assert storen[:64] == [0x7f]*64  # detect overflow
+        # stride 0
+        data_storen = [0x7f] * self.nlanes
+        storen = data_storen.copy()
+        data_storen[0:scale] = data[-scale:]
+        npyv_storen(storen, 0, vdata)
+        assert storen == data_storen
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin, elsizes, scale", [
+        ("self.storen_till", (32, 64), 1),
+        ("self.storen2_till", (32, 64), 2),
+    ])
+    def test_memory_noncont_partial_store(self, intrin, elsizes, scale):
+        if self._scalar_size() not in elsizes:
+            return
+        npyv_storen_till = eval(intrin)
+        data = self._data()
+        vdata = self.load(data)
+        lanes = list(range(1, self.nlanes + 1))
+        lanes += [self.nlanes**2, self.nlanes**4]
+        hlanes = self.nlanes // scale
+        for stride in range(1, 64):
+            for n in lanes:
+                data_till = [0xff] * stride * self.nlanes
+                tdata = data[:n*scale] + [0xff] * (self.nlanes-n*scale)
+                for s in range(0, hlanes*stride, stride)[:n]:
+                    i = (s//stride)*scale
+                    data_till[s:s+scale] = tdata[i:i+scale]
+                storen_till = [0xff] * stride * self.nlanes
+                storen_till += [0x7f]*64
+                npyv_storen_till(storen_till, stride, n, vdata)
+                assert storen_till[:-64] == data_till
+                assert storen_till[-64:] == [0x7f]*64  # detect overflow
+
+        for stride in range(-64, 0):
+            for n in lanes:
+                data_till = [0xff] * -stride * self.nlanes
+                tdata = data[:n*scale] + [0xff] * (self.nlanes-n*scale)
+                for s in range(0, hlanes*stride, stride)[:n]:
+                    i = (s//stride)*scale
+                    data_till[s-scale:s or None] = tdata[i:i+scale]
+                storen_till = [0x7f]*64
+                storen_till += [0xff] * -stride * self.nlanes
+                npyv_storen_till(storen_till, stride, n, vdata)
+                assert storen_till[64:] == data_till
+                assert storen_till[:64] == [0x7f]*64  # detect overflow
+
+        # stride 0
+        for n in lanes:
+            data_till = [0x7f] * self.nlanes
+            storen_till = data_till.copy()
+            data_till[0:scale] = data[:n*scale][-scale:]
+            npyv_storen_till(storen_till, 0, n, vdata)
+            assert storen_till == data_till
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin, table_size, elsize", [
+        ("self.lut32", 32, 32),
+        ("self.lut16", 16, 64)
+    ])
+    def test_lut(self, intrin, table_size, elsize):
+        """
+        Test lookup table intrinsics:
+            npyv_lut32_##sfx
+            npyv_lut16_##sfx
+        """
+        if elsize != self._scalar_size():
+            return
+        intrin = eval(intrin)
+        idx_itrin = getattr(self.npyv, f"setall_u{elsize}")
+        table = range(0, table_size)
+        for i in table:
+            broadi = self.setall(i)
+            idx = idx_itrin(i)
+            lut = intrin(table, idx)
+            assert lut == broadi
+
+    def test_misc(self):
+        broadcast_zero = self.zero()
+        assert broadcast_zero == [0] * self.nlanes
+        for i in range(1, 10):
+            broadcasti = self.setall(i)
+            assert broadcasti == [i] * self.nlanes
+
+        data_a, data_b = self._data(), self._data(reverse=True)
+        vdata_a, vdata_b = self.load(data_a), self.load(data_b)
+
+        # py level of npyv_set_* don't support ignoring the extra specified lanes or
+        # fill non-specified lanes with zero.
+        vset = self.set(*data_a)
+        assert vset == data_a
+        # py level of npyv_setf_* don't support ignoring the extra specified lanes or
+        # fill non-specified lanes with the specified scalar.
+        vsetf = self.setf(10, *data_a)
+        assert vsetf == data_a
+
+        # We're testing the sanity of _simd's type-vector,
+        # reinterpret* intrinsics itself are tested via compiler
+        # during the build of _simd module
+        sfxes = ["u8", "s8", "u16", "s16", "u32", "s32", "u64", "s64"]
+        if self.npyv.simd_f64:
+            sfxes.append("f64")
+        if self.npyv.simd_f32:
+            sfxes.append("f32")
+        for sfx in sfxes:
+            vec_name = getattr(self, "reinterpret_" + sfx)(vdata_a).__name__
+            assert vec_name == "npyv_" + sfx
+
+        # select & mask operations
+        select_a = self.select(self.cmpeq(self.zero(), self.zero()), vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert select_a == data_a
+        select_b = self.select(self.cmpneq(self.zero(), self.zero()), vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert select_b == data_b
+
+        # test extract elements
+        assert self.extract0(vdata_b) == vdata_b[0]
+
+        # cleanup intrinsic is only used with AVX for
+        # zeroing registers to avoid the AVX-SSE transition penalty,
+        # so nothing to test here
+        self.npyv.cleanup()
+
+    def test_reorder(self):
+        data_a, data_b  = self._data(), self._data(reverse=True)
+        vdata_a, vdata_b = self.load(data_a), self.load(data_b)
+        # lower half part
+        data_a_lo = data_a[:self.nlanes//2]
+        data_b_lo = data_b[:self.nlanes//2]
+        # higher half part
+        data_a_hi = data_a[self.nlanes//2:]
+        data_b_hi = data_b[self.nlanes//2:]
+        # combine two lower parts
+        combinel = self.combinel(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert combinel == data_a_lo + data_b_lo
+        # combine two higher parts
+        combineh = self.combineh(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert combineh == data_a_hi + data_b_hi
+        # combine x2
+        combine = self.combine(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert combine == (data_a_lo + data_b_lo, data_a_hi + data_b_hi)
+
+        # zip(interleave)
+        data_zipl = self.load([
+            v for p in zip(data_a_lo, data_b_lo) for v in p
+        ])
+        data_ziph = self.load([
+            v for p in zip(data_a_hi, data_b_hi) for v in p
+        ])
+        vzip = self.zip(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert vzip == (data_zipl, data_ziph)
+        vzip = [0]*self.nlanes*2
+        self._x2("store")(vzip, (vdata_a, vdata_b))
+        assert vzip == list(data_zipl) + list(data_ziph)
+
+        # unzip(deinterleave)
+        unzip = self.unzip(data_zipl, data_ziph)
+        assert unzip == (data_a, data_b)
+        unzip = self._x2("load")(list(data_zipl) + list(data_ziph))
+        assert unzip == (data_a, data_b)
+
+    def test_reorder_rev64(self):
+        # Reverse elements of each 64-bit lane
+        ssize = self._scalar_size()
+        if ssize == 64:
+            return
+        data_rev64 = [
+            y for x in range(0, self.nlanes, 64//ssize)
+              for y in reversed(range(x, x + 64//ssize))
+        ]
+        rev64 = self.rev64(self.load(range(self.nlanes)))
+        assert rev64 == data_rev64
+
+    def test_reorder_permi128(self):
+        """
+        Test permuting elements for each 128-bit lane.
+        npyv_permi128_##sfx
+        """
+        ssize = self._scalar_size()
+        if ssize < 32:
+            return
+        data = self.load(self._data())
+        permn = 128//ssize
+        permd = permn-1
+        nlane128 = self.nlanes//permn
+        shfl = [0, 1] if ssize == 64 else [0, 2, 4, 6]
+        for i in range(permn):
+            indices = [(i >> shf) & permd for shf in shfl]
+            vperm = self.permi128(data, *indices)
+            data_vperm = [
+                data[j + (e & -permn)]
+                for e, j in enumerate(indices*nlane128)
+            ]
+            assert vperm == data_vperm
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('func, intrin', [
+        (operator.lt, "cmplt"),
+        (operator.le, "cmple"),
+        (operator.gt, "cmpgt"),
+        (operator.ge, "cmpge"),
+        (operator.eq, "cmpeq")
+    ])
+    def test_operators_comparison(self, func, intrin):
+        if self._is_fp():
+            data_a = self._data()
+        else:
+            data_a = self._data(self._int_max() - self.nlanes)
+        data_b = self._data(self._int_min(), reverse=True)
+        vdata_a, vdata_b = self.load(data_a), self.load(data_b)
+        intrin = getattr(self, intrin)
+
+        mask_true = self._true_mask()
+        def to_bool(vector):
+            return [lane == mask_true for lane in vector]
+
+        data_cmp = [func(a, b) for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)]
+        cmp = to_bool(intrin(vdata_a, vdata_b))
+        assert cmp == data_cmp
+
+    def test_operators_logical(self):
+        if self._is_fp():
+            data_a = self._data()
+        else:
+            data_a = self._data(self._int_max() - self.nlanes)
+        data_b = self._data(self._int_min(), reverse=True)
+        vdata_a, vdata_b = self.load(data_a), self.load(data_b)
+
+        if self._is_fp():
+            data_cast_a = self._to_unsigned(vdata_a)
+            data_cast_b = self._to_unsigned(vdata_b)
+            cast, cast_data = self._to_unsigned, self._to_unsigned
+        else:
+            data_cast_a, data_cast_b = data_a, data_b
+            cast, cast_data = lambda a: a, self.load
+
+        data_xor = cast_data([a ^ b for a, b in zip(data_cast_a, data_cast_b)])
+        vxor = cast(self.xor(vdata_a, vdata_b))
+        assert vxor == data_xor
+
+        data_or  = cast_data([a | b for a, b in zip(data_cast_a, data_cast_b)])
+        vor  = cast(getattr(self, "or")(vdata_a, vdata_b))
+        assert vor == data_or
+
+        data_and = cast_data([a & b for a, b in zip(data_cast_a, data_cast_b)])
+        vand = cast(getattr(self, "and")(vdata_a, vdata_b))
+        assert vand == data_and
+
+        data_not = cast_data([~a for a in data_cast_a])
+        vnot = cast(getattr(self, "not")(vdata_a))
+        assert vnot == data_not
+
+        if self.sfx not in ("u8"):
+            return
+        data_andc = [a & ~b for a, b in zip(data_cast_a, data_cast_b)]
+        vandc = cast(getattr(self, "andc")(vdata_a, vdata_b))
+        assert vandc == data_andc
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("intrin", ["any", "all"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("data", (
+        [1, 2, 3, 4],
+        [-1, -2, -3, -4],
+        [0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
+        [0x7f, 0x7fff, 0x7fffffff, 0x7fffffffffffffff],
+        [0, -1, -2, -3, 4],
+        [0],
+        [1],
+        [-1]
+    ))
+    def test_operators_crosstest(self, intrin, data):
+        """
+        Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_any_##SFX
+            npyv_all_##SFX
+        """
+        data_a = self.load(data * self.nlanes)
+        func = eval(intrin)
+        intrin = getattr(self, intrin)
+        desired = func(data_a)
+        simd = intrin(data_a)
+        assert not not simd == desired
+
+    def test_conversion_boolean(self):
+        bsfx = "b" + self.sfx[1:]
+        to_boolean = getattr(self.npyv, "cvt_%s_%s" % (bsfx, self.sfx))
+        from_boolean = getattr(self.npyv, "cvt_%s_%s" % (self.sfx, bsfx))
+
+        false_vb = to_boolean(self.setall(0))
+        true_vb  = self.cmpeq(self.setall(0), self.setall(0))
+        assert false_vb != true_vb
+
+        false_vsfx = from_boolean(false_vb)
+        true_vsfx = from_boolean(true_vb)
+        assert false_vsfx != true_vsfx
+
+    def test_conversion_expand(self):
+        """
+        Test expand intrinsics:
+            npyv_expand_u16_u8
+            npyv_expand_u32_u16
+        """
+        if self.sfx not in ("u8", "u16"):
+            return
+        totype = self.sfx[0]+str(int(self.sfx[1:])*2)
+        expand = getattr(self.npyv, f"expand_{totype}_{self.sfx}")
+        # close enough from the edge to detect any deviation
+        data  = self._data(self._int_max() - self.nlanes)
+        vdata = self.load(data)
+        edata = expand(vdata)
+        # lower half part
+        data_lo = data[:self.nlanes//2]
+        # higher half part
+        data_hi = data[self.nlanes//2:]
+        assert edata == (data_lo, data_hi)
+
+    def test_arithmetic_subadd(self):
+        if self._is_fp():
+            data_a = self._data()
+        else:
+            data_a = self._data(self._int_max() - self.nlanes)
+        data_b = self._data(self._int_min(), reverse=True)
+        vdata_a, vdata_b = self.load(data_a), self.load(data_b)
+
+        # non-saturated
+        data_add = self.load([a + b for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)]) # load to cast
+        add  = self.add(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert add == data_add
+        data_sub  = self.load([a - b for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)])
+        sub  = self.sub(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert sub == data_sub
+
+    def test_arithmetic_mul(self):
+        if self.sfx in ("u64", "s64"):
+            return
+
+        if self._is_fp():
+            data_a = self._data()
+        else:
+            data_a = self._data(self._int_max() - self.nlanes)
+        data_b = self._data(self._int_min(), reverse=True)
+        vdata_a, vdata_b = self.load(data_a), self.load(data_b)
+
+        data_mul = self.load([a * b for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)])
+        mul = self.mul(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert mul == data_mul
+
+    def test_arithmetic_div(self):
+        if not self._is_fp():
+            return
+
+        data_a, data_b = self._data(), self._data(reverse=True)
+        vdata_a, vdata_b = self.load(data_a), self.load(data_b)
+
+        # load to truncate f64 to precision of f32
+        data_div = self.load([a / b for a, b in zip(data_a, data_b)])
+        div = self.div(vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert div == data_div
+
+    def test_arithmetic_intdiv(self):
+        """
+        Test integer division intrinsics:
+            npyv_divisor_##sfx
+            npyv_divc_##sfx
+        """
+        if self._is_fp():
+            return
+
+        int_min = self._int_min()
+        def trunc_div(a, d):
+            """
+            Divide towards zero works with large integers > 2^53,
+            and wrap around overflow similar to what C does.
+            """
+            if d == -1 and a == int_min:
+                return a
+            sign_a, sign_d = a < 0, d < 0
+            if a == 0 or sign_a == sign_d:
+                return a // d
+            return (a + sign_d - sign_a) // d + 1
+
+        data = [1, -int_min]  # to test overflow
+        data += range(0, 2**8, 2**5)
+        data += range(0, 2**8, 2**5-1)
+        bsize = self._scalar_size()
+        if bsize > 8:
+            data += range(2**8, 2**16, 2**13)
+            data += range(2**8, 2**16, 2**13-1)
+        if bsize > 16:
+            data += range(2**16, 2**32, 2**29)
+            data += range(2**16, 2**32, 2**29-1)
+        if bsize > 32:
+            data += range(2**32, 2**64, 2**61)
+            data += range(2**32, 2**64, 2**61-1)
+        # negate
+        data += [-x for x in data]
+        for dividend, divisor in itertools.product(data, data):
+            divisor = self.setall(divisor)[0]  # cast
+            if divisor == 0:
+                continue
+            dividend = self.load(self._data(dividend))
+            data_divc = [trunc_div(a, divisor) for a in dividend]
+            divisor_parms = self.divisor(divisor)
+            divc = self.divc(dividend, divisor_parms)
+            assert divc == data_divc
+
+    def test_arithmetic_reduce_sum(self):
+        """
+        Test reduce sum intrinsics:
+            npyv_sum_##sfx
+        """
+        if self.sfx not in ("u32", "u64", "f32", "f64"):
+            return
+        # reduce sum
+        data = self._data()
+        vdata = self.load(data)
+
+        data_sum = sum(data)
+        vsum = self.sum(vdata)
+        assert vsum == data_sum
+
+    def test_arithmetic_reduce_sumup(self):
+        """
+        Test extend reduce sum intrinsics:
+            npyv_sumup_##sfx
+        """
+        if self.sfx not in ("u8", "u16"):
+            return
+        rdata = (0, self.nlanes, self._int_min(), self._int_max()-self.nlanes)
+        for r in rdata:
+            data = self._data(r)
+            vdata = self.load(data)
+            data_sum = sum(data)
+            vsum = self.sumup(vdata)
+            assert vsum == data_sum
+
+    def test_mask_conditional(self):
+        """
+        Conditional addition and subtraction for all supported data types.
+        Test intrinsics:
+            npyv_ifadd_##SFX, npyv_ifsub_##SFX
+        """
+        vdata_a = self.load(self._data())
+        vdata_b = self.load(self._data(reverse=True))
+        true_mask  = self.cmpeq(self.zero(), self.zero())
+        false_mask = self.cmpneq(self.zero(), self.zero())
+
+        data_sub = self.sub(vdata_b, vdata_a)
+        ifsub = self.ifsub(true_mask, vdata_b, vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert ifsub == data_sub
+        ifsub = self.ifsub(false_mask, vdata_a, vdata_b, vdata_b)
+        assert ifsub == vdata_b
+
+        data_add = self.add(vdata_b, vdata_a)
+        ifadd = self.ifadd(true_mask, vdata_b, vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert ifadd == data_add
+        ifadd = self.ifadd(false_mask, vdata_a, vdata_b, vdata_b)
+        assert ifadd == vdata_b
+
+        if not self._is_fp():
+            return
+        data_div = self.div(vdata_b, vdata_a)
+        ifdiv = self.ifdiv(true_mask, vdata_b, vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert ifdiv == data_div
+        ifdivz = self.ifdivz(true_mask, vdata_b, vdata_a)
+        assert ifdivz == data_div
+        ifdiv = self.ifdiv(false_mask, vdata_a, vdata_b, vdata_b)
+        assert ifdiv == vdata_b
+        ifdivz = self.ifdivz(false_mask, vdata_a, vdata_b)
+        assert ifdivz == self.zero()
+
+bool_sfx = ("b8", "b16", "b32", "b64")
+int_sfx = ("u8", "s8", "u16", "s16", "u32", "s32", "u64", "s64")
+fp_sfx  = ("f32", "f64")
+all_sfx = int_sfx + fp_sfx
+tests_registry = {
+    bool_sfx: _SIMD_BOOL,
+    int_sfx : _SIMD_INT,
+    fp_sfx  : _SIMD_FP,
+    ("f32",): _SIMD_FP32,
+    ("f64",): _SIMD_FP64,
+    all_sfx : _SIMD_ALL
+}
+for target_name, npyv in targets.items():
+    simd_width = npyv.simd if npyv else ''
+    pretty_name = target_name.split('__') # multi-target separator
+    if len(pretty_name) > 1:
+        # multi-target
+        pretty_name = f"({' '.join(pretty_name)})"
+    else:
+        pretty_name = pretty_name[0]
+
+    skip = ""
+    skip_sfx = dict()
+    if not npyv:
+        skip = f"target '{pretty_name}' isn't supported by current machine"
+    elif not npyv.simd:
+        skip = f"target '{pretty_name}' isn't supported by NPYV"
+    else:
+        if not npyv.simd_f32:
+            skip_sfx["f32"] = f"target '{pretty_name}' "\
+                               "doesn't support single-precision"
+        if not npyv.simd_f64:
+            skip_sfx["f64"] = f"target '{pretty_name}' doesn't"\
+                               "support double-precision"
+
+    for sfxes, cls in tests_registry.items():
+        for sfx in sfxes:
+            skip_m = skip_sfx.get(sfx, skip)
+            inhr = (cls,)
+            attr = dict(npyv=targets[target_name], sfx=sfx, target_name=target_name)
+            tcls = type(f"Test{cls.__name__}_{simd_width}_{target_name}_{sfx}", inhr, attr)
+            if skip_m:
+                pytest.mark.skip(reason=skip_m)(tcls)
+            globals()[tcls.__name__] = tcls
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_simd_module.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_simd_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4fbaa9f3008b67e18d0bb6e3c87e057addd3ae5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_simd_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import pytest
+from numpy.core._simd import targets
+"""
+This testing unit only for checking the sanity of common functionality,
+therefore all we need is just to take one submodule that represents any
+of enabled SIMD extensions to run the test on it and the second submodule
+required to run only one check related to the possibility of mixing
+the data types among each submodule.
+"""
+npyvs = [npyv_mod for npyv_mod in targets.values() if npyv_mod and npyv_mod.simd]
+npyv, npyv2 = (npyvs + [None, None])[:2]
+
+unsigned_sfx = ["u8", "u16", "u32", "u64"]
+signed_sfx = ["s8", "s16", "s32", "s64"]
+fp_sfx = []
+if npyv and npyv.simd_f32:
+    fp_sfx.append("f32")
+if npyv and npyv.simd_f64:
+    fp_sfx.append("f64")
+
+int_sfx = unsigned_sfx + signed_sfx
+all_sfx = unsigned_sfx + int_sfx
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not npyv, reason="could not find any SIMD extension with NPYV support")
+class Test_SIMD_MODULE:
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('sfx', all_sfx)
+    def test_num_lanes(self, sfx):
+        nlanes = getattr(npyv, "nlanes_" + sfx)
+        vector = getattr(npyv, "setall_" + sfx)(1)
+        assert len(vector) == nlanes
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('sfx', all_sfx)
+    def test_type_name(self, sfx):
+        vector = getattr(npyv, "setall_" + sfx)(1)
+        assert vector.__name__ == "npyv_" + sfx
+
+    def test_raises(self):
+        a, b = [npyv.setall_u32(1)]*2
+        for sfx in all_sfx:
+            vcb = lambda intrin: getattr(npyv, f"{intrin}_{sfx}")
+            pytest.raises(TypeError, vcb("add"), a)
+            pytest.raises(TypeError, vcb("add"), a, b, a)
+            pytest.raises(TypeError, vcb("setall"))
+            pytest.raises(TypeError, vcb("setall"), [1])
+            pytest.raises(TypeError, vcb("load"), 1)
+            pytest.raises(ValueError, vcb("load"), [1])
+            pytest.raises(ValueError, vcb("store"), [1], getattr(npyv, f"reinterpret_{sfx}_u32")(a))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not npyv2, reason=(
+        "could not find a second SIMD extension with NPYV support"
+    ))
+    def test_nomix(self):
+        # mix among submodules isn't allowed
+        a = npyv.setall_u32(1)
+        a2 = npyv2.setall_u32(1)
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, npyv.add_u32, a2, a2)
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, npyv2.add_u32, a, a)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('sfx', unsigned_sfx)
+    def test_unsigned_overflow(self, sfx):
+        nlanes = getattr(npyv, "nlanes_" + sfx)
+        maxu = (1 << int(sfx[1:])) - 1
+        maxu_72 = (1 << 72) - 1
+        lane = getattr(npyv, "setall_" + sfx)(maxu_72)[0]
+        assert lane == maxu
+        lanes = getattr(npyv, "load_" + sfx)([maxu_72] * nlanes)
+        assert lanes == [maxu] * nlanes
+        lane = getattr(npyv, "setall_" + sfx)(-1)[0]
+        assert lane == maxu
+        lanes = getattr(npyv, "load_" + sfx)([-1] * nlanes)
+        assert lanes == [maxu] * nlanes
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('sfx', signed_sfx)
+    def test_signed_overflow(self, sfx):
+        nlanes = getattr(npyv, "nlanes_" + sfx)
+        maxs_72 = (1 << 71) - 1
+        lane = getattr(npyv, "setall_" + sfx)(maxs_72)[0]
+        assert lane == -1
+        lanes = getattr(npyv, "load_" + sfx)([maxs_72] * nlanes)
+        assert lanes == [-1] * nlanes
+        mins_72 = -1 << 71
+        lane = getattr(npyv, "setall_" + sfx)(mins_72)[0]
+        assert lane == 0
+        lanes = getattr(npyv, "load_" + sfx)([mins_72] * nlanes)
+        assert lanes == [0] * nlanes
+
+    def test_truncate_f32(self):
+        if not npyv.simd_f32:
+            pytest.skip("F32 isn't support by the SIMD extension")
+        f32 = npyv.setall_f32(0.1)[0]
+        assert f32 != 0.1
+        assert round(f32, 1) == 0.1
+
+    def test_compare(self):
+        data_range = range(0, npyv.nlanes_u32)
+        vdata = npyv.load_u32(data_range)
+        assert vdata == list(data_range)
+        assert vdata == tuple(data_range)
+        for i in data_range:
+            assert vdata[i] == data_range[i]
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_strings.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_strings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42f775e857b806b314329b7b69cb4973e0d1ea57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_strings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import pytest
+
+import operator
+import numpy as np
+
+from numpy.testing import assert_array_equal
+
+
+COMPARISONS = [
+    (operator.eq, np.equal, "=="),
+    (operator.ne, np.not_equal, "!="),
+    (operator.lt, np.less, "<"),
+    (operator.le, np.less_equal, "<="),
+    (operator.gt, np.greater, ">"),
+    (operator.ge, np.greater_equal, ">="),
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["op", "ufunc", "sym"], COMPARISONS)
+def test_mixed_string_comparison_ufuncs_fail(op, ufunc, sym):
+    arr_string = np.array(["a", "b"], dtype="S")
+    arr_unicode = np.array(["a", "c"], dtype="U")
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="did not contain a loop"):
+        ufunc(arr_string, arr_unicode)
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="did not contain a loop"):
+        ufunc(arr_unicode, arr_string)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["op", "ufunc", "sym"], COMPARISONS)
+def test_mixed_string_comparisons_ufuncs_with_cast(op, ufunc, sym):
+    arr_string = np.array(["a", "b"], dtype="S")
+    arr_unicode = np.array(["a", "c"], dtype="U")
+
+    # While there is no loop, manual casting is acceptable:
+    res1 = ufunc(arr_string, arr_unicode, signature="UU->?", casting="unsafe")
+    res2 = ufunc(arr_string, arr_unicode, signature="SS->?", casting="unsafe")
+
+    expected = op(arr_string.astype('U'), arr_unicode)
+    assert_array_equal(res1, expected)
+    assert_array_equal(res2, expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["op", "ufunc", "sym"], COMPARISONS)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtypes", [
+        ("S2", "S2"), ("S2", "S10"),
+        ("U1"), (">U1", ">U1"),
+        ("U10")])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("aligned", [True, False])
+def test_string_comparisons(op, ufunc, sym, dtypes, aligned):
+    # ensure native byte-order for the first view to stay within unicode range
+    native_dt = np.dtype(dtypes[0]).newbyteorder("=")
+    arr = np.arange(2**15).view(native_dt).astype(dtypes[0])
+    if not aligned:
+        # Make `arr` unaligned:
+        new = np.zeros(arr.nbytes + 1, dtype=np.uint8)[1:].view(dtypes[0])
+        new[...] = arr
+        arr = new
+
+    arr2 = arr.astype(dtypes[1], copy=True)
+    np.random.shuffle(arr2)
+    arr[0] = arr2[0]  # make sure one matches
+
+    expected = [op(d1, d2) for d1, d2 in zip(arr.tolist(), arr2.tolist())]
+    assert_array_equal(op(arr, arr2), expected)
+    assert_array_equal(ufunc(arr, arr2), expected)
+    assert_array_equal(np.compare_chararrays(arr, arr2, sym, False), expected)
+
+    expected = [op(d2, d1) for d1, d2 in zip(arr.tolist(), arr2.tolist())]
+    assert_array_equal(op(arr2, arr), expected)
+    assert_array_equal(ufunc(arr2, arr), expected)
+    assert_array_equal(np.compare_chararrays(arr2, arr, sym, False), expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(["op", "ufunc", "sym"], COMPARISONS)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtypes", [
+        ("S2", "S2"), ("S2", "S10"), ("U10")])
+def test_string_comparisons_empty(op, ufunc, sym, dtypes):
+    arr = np.empty((1, 0, 1, 5), dtype=dtypes[0])
+    arr2 = np.empty((100, 1, 0, 1), dtype=dtypes[1])
+
+    expected = np.empty(np.broadcast_shapes(arr.shape, arr2.shape), dtype=bool)
+    assert_array_equal(op(arr, arr2), expected)
+    assert_array_equal(ufunc(arr, arr2), expected)
+    assert_array_equal(np.compare_chararrays(arr, arr2, sym, False), expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("str_dt", ["S", "U"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("float_dt", np.typecodes["AllFloat"])
+def test_float_to_string_cast(str_dt, float_dt):
+    float_dt = np.dtype(float_dt)
+    fi = np.finfo(float_dt)
+    arr = np.array([np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, fi.max, fi.min], dtype=float_dt)
+    expected = ["nan", "inf", "-inf", repr(fi.max), repr(fi.min)]
+    if float_dt.kind == 'c':
+        expected = [f"({r}+0j)" for r in expected]
+
+    res = arr.astype(str_dt)
+    assert_array_equal(res, np.array(expected, dtype=str_dt))
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_ufunc.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_ufunc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fbc4b2dc57b574be432e26755631f2e28253b53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_ufunc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2996 @@
+import warnings
+import itertools
+import sys
+import ctypes as ct
+
+import pytest
+from pytest import param
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.core._umath_tests as umt
+import numpy.linalg._umath_linalg as uml
+import numpy.core._operand_flag_tests as opflag_tests
+import numpy.core._rational_tests as _rational_tests
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_array_equal,
+    assert_almost_equal, assert_array_almost_equal, assert_no_warnings,
+    assert_allclose, HAS_REFCOUNT, suppress_warnings, IS_WASM, IS_PYPY,
+    )
+from numpy.testing._private.utils import requires_memory
+from numpy.compat import pickle
+
+
+UNARY_UFUNCS = [obj for obj in np.core.umath.__dict__.values()
+                    if isinstance(obj, np.ufunc)]
+UNARY_OBJECT_UFUNCS = [uf for uf in UNARY_UFUNCS if "O->O" in uf.types]
+
+
+class TestUfuncKwargs:
+    def test_kwarg_exact(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, castingx='safe')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, dtypex=int)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, extobjx=[4096])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, outx=None)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, sigx='ii->i')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, signaturex='ii->i')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, subokx=False)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, wherex=[True])
+
+    def test_sig_signature(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, sig='ii->i',
+                      signature='ii->i')
+
+    def test_sig_dtype(self):
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, sig='ii->i',
+                      dtype=int)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, signature='ii->i',
+                      dtype=int)
+
+    def test_extobj_refcount(self):
+        # Should not segfault with USE_DEBUG.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1, 2, extobj=[4096], parrot=True)
+
+
+class TestUfuncGenericLoops:
+    """Test generic loops.
+
+    The loops to be tested are:
+
+        PyUFunc_ff_f_As_dd_d
+        PyUFunc_ff_f
+        PyUFunc_dd_d
+        PyUFunc_gg_g
+        PyUFunc_FF_F_As_DD_D
+        PyUFunc_DD_D
+        PyUFunc_FF_F
+        PyUFunc_GG_G
+        PyUFunc_OO_O
+        PyUFunc_OO_O_method
+        PyUFunc_f_f_As_d_d
+        PyUFunc_d_d
+        PyUFunc_f_f
+        PyUFunc_g_g
+        PyUFunc_F_F_As_D_D
+        PyUFunc_F_F
+        PyUFunc_D_D
+        PyUFunc_G_G
+        PyUFunc_O_O
+        PyUFunc_O_O_method
+        PyUFunc_On_Om
+
+    Where:
+
+        f -- float
+        d -- double
+        g -- long double
+        F -- complex float
+        D -- complex double
+        G -- complex long double
+        O -- python object
+
+    It is difficult to assure that each of these loops is entered from the
+    Python level as the special cased loops are a moving target and the
+    corresponding types are architecture dependent. We probably need to
+    define C level testing ufuncs to get at them. For the time being, I've
+    just looked at the signatures registered in the build directory to find
+    relevant functions.
+
+    """
+    np_dtypes = [
+        (np.single, np.single), (np.single, np.double),
+        (np.csingle, np.csingle), (np.csingle, np.cdouble),
+        (np.double, np.double), (np.longdouble, np.longdouble),
+        (np.cdouble, np.cdouble), (np.clongdouble, np.clongdouble)]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('input_dtype,output_dtype', np_dtypes)
+    def test_unary_PyUFunc(self, input_dtype, output_dtype, f=np.exp, x=0, y=1):
+        xs = np.full(10, input_dtype(x), dtype=output_dtype)
+        ys = f(xs)[::2]
+        assert_allclose(ys, y)
+        assert_equal(ys.dtype, output_dtype)
+
+    def f2(x, y):
+        return x**y
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('input_dtype,output_dtype', np_dtypes)
+    def test_binary_PyUFunc(self, input_dtype, output_dtype, f=f2, x=0, y=1):
+        xs = np.full(10, input_dtype(x), dtype=output_dtype)
+        ys = f(xs, xs)[::2]
+        assert_allclose(ys, y)
+        assert_equal(ys.dtype, output_dtype)
+
+    # class to use in testing object method loops
+    class foo:
+        def conjugate(self):
+            return np.bool_(1)
+
+        def logical_xor(self, obj):
+            return np.bool_(1)
+
+    def test_unary_PyUFunc_O_O(self):
+        x = np.ones(10, dtype=object)
+        assert_(np.all(np.abs(x) == 1))
+
+    def test_unary_PyUFunc_O_O_method_simple(self, foo=foo):
+        x = np.full(10, foo(), dtype=object)
+        assert_(np.all(np.conjugate(x) == True))
+
+    def test_binary_PyUFunc_OO_O(self):
+        x = np.ones(10, dtype=object)
+        assert_(np.all(np.add(x, x) == 2))
+
+    def test_binary_PyUFunc_OO_O_method(self, foo=foo):
+        x = np.full(10, foo(), dtype=object)
+        assert_(np.all(np.logical_xor(x, x)))
+
+    def test_binary_PyUFunc_On_Om_method(self, foo=foo):
+        x = np.full((10, 2, 3), foo(), dtype=object)
+        assert_(np.all(np.logical_xor(x, x)))
+
+    def test_python_complex_conjugate(self):
+        # The conjugate ufunc should fall back to calling the method:
+        arr = np.array([1+2j, 3-4j], dtype="O")
+        assert isinstance(arr[0], complex)
+        res = np.conjugate(arr)
+        assert res.dtype == np.dtype("O")
+        assert_array_equal(res, np.array([1-2j, 3+4j], dtype="O"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc", UNARY_OBJECT_UFUNCS)
+    def test_unary_PyUFunc_O_O_method_full(self, ufunc):
+        """Compare the result of the object loop with non-object one"""
+        val = np.float64(np.pi/4)
+
+        class MyFloat(np.float64):
+            def __getattr__(self, attr):
+                try:
+                    return super().__getattr__(attr)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    return lambda: getattr(np.core.umath, attr)(val)
+
+        # Use 0-D arrays, to ensure the same element call
+        num_arr = np.array(val, dtype=np.float64)
+        obj_arr = np.array(MyFloat(val), dtype="O")
+
+        with np.errstate(all="raise"):
+            try:
+                res_num = ufunc(num_arr)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                with assert_raises(type(exc)):
+                    ufunc(obj_arr)
+            else:
+                res_obj = ufunc(obj_arr)
+                assert_array_almost_equal(res_num.astype("O"), res_obj)
+
+
+def _pickleable_module_global():
+    pass
+
+
+class TestUfunc:
+    def test_pickle(self):
+        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            assert_(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(np.sin,
+                                              protocol=proto)) is np.sin)
+
+            # Check that ufunc not defined in the top level numpy namespace
+            # such as numpy.core._rational_tests.test_add can also be pickled
+            res = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(_rational_tests.test_add,
+                                            protocol=proto))
+            assert_(res is _rational_tests.test_add)
+
+    def test_pickle_withstring(self):
+        astring = (b"cnumpy.core\n_ufunc_reconstruct\np0\n"
+                   b"(S'numpy.core.umath'\np1\nS'cos'\np2\ntp3\nRp4\n.")
+        assert_(pickle.loads(astring) is np.cos)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_PYPY, reason="'is' check does not work on PyPy")
+    def test_pickle_name_is_qualname(self):
+        # This tests that a simplification of our ufunc pickle code will
+        # lead to allowing qualnames as names.  Future ufuncs should
+        # possible add a specific qualname, or a hook into pickling instead
+        # (dask+numba may benefit).
+        _pickleable_module_global.ufunc = umt._pickleable_module_global_ufunc
+        obj = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(_pickleable_module_global.ufunc))
+        assert obj is umt._pickleable_module_global_ufunc
+
+    def test_reduceat_shifting_sum(self):
+        L = 6
+        x = np.arange(L)
+        idx = np.array(list(zip(np.arange(L - 2), np.arange(L - 2) + 2))).ravel()
+        assert_array_equal(np.add.reduceat(x, idx)[::2], [1, 3, 5, 7])
+
+    def test_all_ufunc(self):
+        """Try to check presence and results of all ufuncs.
+
+        The list of ufuncs comes from generate_umath.py and is as follows:
+
+        =====  ====  =============  ===============  ========================
+        done   args   function        types                notes
+        =====  ====  =============  ===============  ========================
+        n      1     conjugate      nums + O
+        n      1     absolute       nums + O         complex -> real
+        n      1     negative       nums + O
+        n      1     sign           nums + O         -> int
+        n      1     invert         bool + ints + O  flts raise an error
+        n      1     degrees        real + M         cmplx raise an error
+        n      1     radians        real + M         cmplx raise an error
+        n      1     arccos         flts + M
+        n      1     arccosh        flts + M
+        n      1     arcsin         flts + M
+        n      1     arcsinh        flts + M
+        n      1     arctan         flts + M
+        n      1     arctanh        flts + M
+        n      1     cos            flts + M
+        n      1     sin            flts + M
+        n      1     tan            flts + M
+        n      1     cosh           flts + M
+        n      1     sinh           flts + M
+        n      1     tanh           flts + M
+        n      1     exp            flts + M
+        n      1     expm1          flts + M
+        n      1     log            flts + M
+        n      1     log10          flts + M
+        n      1     log1p          flts + M
+        n      1     sqrt           flts + M         real x < 0 raises error
+        n      1     ceil           real + M
+        n      1     trunc          real + M
+        n      1     floor          real + M
+        n      1     fabs           real + M
+        n      1     rint           flts + M
+        n      1     isnan          flts             -> bool
+        n      1     isinf          flts             -> bool
+        n      1     isfinite       flts             -> bool
+        n      1     signbit        real             -> bool
+        n      1     modf           real             -> (frac, int)
+        n      1     logical_not    bool + nums + M  -> bool
+        n      2     left_shift     ints + O         flts raise an error
+        n      2     right_shift    ints + O         flts raise an error
+        n      2     add            bool + nums + O  boolean + is ||
+        n      2     subtract       bool + nums + O  boolean - is ^
+        n      2     multiply       bool + nums + O  boolean * is &
+        n      2     divide         nums + O
+        n      2     floor_divide   nums + O
+        n      2     true_divide    nums + O         bBhH -> f, iIlLqQ -> d
+        n      2     fmod           nums + M
+        n      2     power          nums + O
+        n      2     greater        bool + nums + O  -> bool
+        n      2     greater_equal  bool + nums + O  -> bool
+        n      2     less           bool + nums + O  -> bool
+        n      2     less_equal     bool + nums + O  -> bool
+        n      2     equal          bool + nums + O  -> bool
+        n      2     not_equal      bool + nums + O  -> bool
+        n      2     logical_and    bool + nums + M  -> bool
+        n      2     logical_or     bool + nums + M  -> bool
+        n      2     logical_xor    bool + nums + M  -> bool
+        n      2     maximum        bool + nums + O
+        n      2     minimum        bool + nums + O
+        n      2     bitwise_and    bool + ints + O  flts raise an error
+        n      2     bitwise_or     bool + ints + O  flts raise an error
+        n      2     bitwise_xor    bool + ints + O  flts raise an error
+        n      2     arctan2        real + M
+        n      2     remainder      ints + real + O
+        n      2     hypot          real + M
+        =====  ====  =============  ===============  ========================
+
+        Types other than those listed will be accepted, but they are cast to
+        the smallest compatible type for which the function is defined. The
+        casting rules are:
+
+        bool -> int8 -> float32
+        ints -> double
+
+        """
+        pass
+
+    # from include/numpy/ufuncobject.h
+    size_inferred = 2
+    can_ignore = 4
+    def test_signature0(self):
+        # the arguments to test_signature are: nin, nout, core_signature
+        enabled, num_dims, ixs, flags, sizes = umt.test_signature(
+            2, 1, "(i),(i)->()")
+        assert_equal(enabled, 1)
+        assert_equal(num_dims, (1,  1,  0))
+        assert_equal(ixs, (0, 0))
+        assert_equal(flags, (self.size_inferred,))
+        assert_equal(sizes, (-1,))
+
+    def test_signature1(self):
+        # empty core signature; treat as plain ufunc (with trivial core)
+        enabled, num_dims, ixs, flags, sizes = umt.test_signature(
+            2, 1, "(),()->()")
+        assert_equal(enabled, 0)
+        assert_equal(num_dims, (0,  0,  0))
+        assert_equal(ixs, ())
+        assert_equal(flags, ())
+        assert_equal(sizes, ())
+
+    def test_signature2(self):
+        # more complicated names for variables
+        enabled, num_dims, ixs, flags, sizes = umt.test_signature(
+            2, 1, "(i1,i2),(J_1)->(_kAB)")
+        assert_equal(enabled, 1)
+        assert_equal(num_dims, (2, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(ixs, (0, 1, 2, 3))
+        assert_equal(flags, (self.size_inferred,)*4)
+        assert_equal(sizes, (-1, -1, -1, -1))
+
+    def test_signature3(self):
+        enabled, num_dims, ixs, flags, sizes = umt.test_signature(
+            2, 1, "(i1, i12),   (J_1)->(i12, i2)")
+        assert_equal(enabled, 1)
+        assert_equal(num_dims, (2, 1, 2))
+        assert_equal(ixs, (0, 1, 2, 1, 3))
+        assert_equal(flags, (self.size_inferred,)*4)
+        assert_equal(sizes, (-1, -1, -1, -1))
+
+    def test_signature4(self):
+        # matrix_multiply signature from _umath_tests
+        enabled, num_dims, ixs, flags, sizes = umt.test_signature(
+            2, 1, "(n,k),(k,m)->(n,m)")
+        assert_equal(enabled, 1)
+        assert_equal(num_dims, (2, 2, 2))
+        assert_equal(ixs, (0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2))
+        assert_equal(flags, (self.size_inferred,)*3)
+        assert_equal(sizes, (-1, -1, -1))
+
+    def test_signature5(self):
+        # matmul signature from _umath_tests
+        enabled, num_dims, ixs, flags, sizes = umt.test_signature(
+            2, 1, "(n?,k),(k,m?)->(n?,m?)")
+        assert_equal(enabled, 1)
+        assert_equal(num_dims, (2, 2, 2))
+        assert_equal(ixs, (0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2))
+        assert_equal(flags, (self.size_inferred | self.can_ignore,
+                             self.size_inferred,
+                             self.size_inferred | self.can_ignore))
+        assert_equal(sizes, (-1, -1, -1))
+
+    def test_signature6(self):
+        enabled, num_dims, ixs, flags, sizes = umt.test_signature(
+            1, 1, "(3)->()")
+        assert_equal(enabled, 1)
+        assert_equal(num_dims, (1, 0))
+        assert_equal(ixs, (0,))
+        assert_equal(flags, (0,))
+        assert_equal(sizes, (3,))
+
+    def test_signature7(self):
+        enabled, num_dims, ixs, flags, sizes = umt.test_signature(
+            3, 1, "(3),(03,3),(n)->(9)")
+        assert_equal(enabled, 1)
+        assert_equal(num_dims, (1, 2, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(ixs, (0, 0, 0, 1, 2))
+        assert_equal(flags, (0, self.size_inferred, 0))
+        assert_equal(sizes, (3, -1, 9))
+
+    def test_signature8(self):
+        enabled, num_dims, ixs, flags, sizes = umt.test_signature(
+            3, 1, "(3?),(3?,3?),(n)->(9)")
+        assert_equal(enabled, 1)
+        assert_equal(num_dims, (1, 2, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(ixs, (0, 0, 0, 1, 2))
+        assert_equal(flags, (self.can_ignore, self.size_inferred, 0))
+        assert_equal(sizes, (3, -1, 9))
+
+    def test_signature9(self):
+        enabled, num_dims, ixs, flags, sizes = umt.test_signature(
+            1, 1, "(  3)  -> ( )")
+        assert_equal(enabled, 1)
+        assert_equal(num_dims, (1, 0))
+        assert_equal(ixs, (0,))
+        assert_equal(flags, (0,))
+        assert_equal(sizes, (3,))
+
+    def test_signature10(self):
+        enabled, num_dims, ixs, flags, sizes = umt.test_signature(
+            3, 1, "( 3? ) , (3? ,  3?) ,(n )-> ( 9)")
+        assert_equal(enabled, 1)
+        assert_equal(num_dims, (1, 2, 1, 1))
+        assert_equal(ixs, (0, 0, 0, 1, 2))
+        assert_equal(flags, (self.can_ignore, self.size_inferred, 0))
+        assert_equal(sizes, (3, -1, 9))
+
+    def test_signature_failure_extra_parenthesis(self):
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            umt.test_signature(2, 1, "((i)),(i)->()")
+
+    def test_signature_failure_mismatching_parenthesis(self):
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            umt.test_signature(2, 1, "(i),)i(->()")
+
+    def test_signature_failure_signature_missing_input_arg(self):
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            umt.test_signature(2, 1, "(i),->()")
+
+    def test_signature_failure_signature_missing_output_arg(self):
+        with assert_raises(ValueError):
+            umt.test_signature(2, 2, "(i),(i)->()")
+
+    def test_get_signature(self):
+        assert_equal(umt.inner1d.signature, "(i),(i)->()")
+
+    def test_forced_sig(self):
+        a = 0.5*np.arange(3, dtype='f8')
+        assert_equal(np.add(a, 0.5), [0.5, 1, 1.5])
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.add(a, 0.5, sig='i', casting='unsafe'), [0, 0, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.add(a, 0.5, sig='ii->i', casting='unsafe'), [0, 0, 1])
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert_equal(np.add(a, 0.5, sig=('i4',), casting='unsafe'),
+                         [0, 0, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.add(a, 0.5, sig=('i4', 'i4', 'i4'),
+                                            casting='unsafe'), [0, 0, 1])
+
+        b = np.zeros((3,), dtype='f8')
+        np.add(a, 0.5, out=b)
+        assert_equal(b, [0.5, 1, 1.5])
+        b[:] = 0
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            np.add(a, 0.5, sig='i', out=b, casting='unsafe')
+        assert_equal(b, [0, 0, 1])
+        b[:] = 0
+        np.add(a, 0.5, sig='ii->i', out=b, casting='unsafe')
+        assert_equal(b, [0, 0, 1])
+        b[:] = 0
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            np.add(a, 0.5, sig=('i4',), out=b, casting='unsafe')
+        assert_equal(b, [0, 0, 1])
+        b[:] = 0
+        np.add(a, 0.5, sig=('i4', 'i4', 'i4'), out=b, casting='unsafe')
+        assert_equal(b, [0, 0, 1])
+
+    def test_signature_all_None(self):
+        # signature all None, is an acceptable alternative (since 1.21)
+        # to not providing a signature.
+        res1 = np.add([3], [4], sig=(None, None, None))
+        res2 = np.add([3], [4])
+        assert_array_equal(res1, res2)
+        res1 = np.maximum([3], [4], sig=(None, None, None))
+        res2 = np.maximum([3], [4])
+        assert_array_equal(res1, res2)
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            # special case, that would be deprecated anyway, so errors:
+            np.add(3, 4, signature=(None,))
+
+    def test_signature_dtype_type(self):
+        # Since that will be the normal behaviour (past NumPy 1.21)
+        # we do support the types already:
+        float_dtype = type(np.dtype(np.float64))
+        np.add(3, 4, signature=(float_dtype, float_dtype, None))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("get_kwarg", [
+            lambda dt: dict(dtype=x),
+            lambda dt: dict(signature=(x, None, None))])
+    def test_signature_dtype_instances_allowed(self, get_kwarg):
+        # We allow certain dtype instances when there is a clear singleton
+        # and the given one is equivalent; mainly for backcompat.
+        int64 = np.dtype("int64")
+        int64_2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(int64))
+        # Relies on pickling behavior, if assert fails just remove test...
+        assert int64 is not int64_2
+
+        assert np.add(1, 2, **get_kwarg(int64_2)).dtype == int64
+        td = np.timedelta(2, "s")
+        assert np.add(td, td, **get_kwarg("m8")).dtype == "m8[s]"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("get_kwarg", [
+            param(lambda x: dict(dtype=x), id="dtype"),
+            param(lambda x: dict(signature=(x, None, None)), id="signature")])
+    def test_signature_dtype_instances_allowed(self, get_kwarg):
+        msg = "The `dtype` and `signature` arguments to ufuncs"
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            np.add(3, 5, **get_kwarg(np.dtype("int64").newbyteorder()))
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            np.add(3, 5, **get_kwarg(np.dtype("m8[ns]")))
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            np.add(3, 5, **get_kwarg("m8[ns]"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("casting", ["unsafe", "same_kind", "safe"])
+    def test_partial_signature_mismatch(self, casting):
+        # If the second argument matches already, no need to specify it:
+        res = np.ldexp(np.float32(1.), np.int_(2), dtype="d")
+        assert res.dtype == "d"
+        res = np.ldexp(np.float32(1.), np.int_(2), signature=(None, None, "d"))
+        assert res.dtype == "d"
+
+        # ldexp only has a loop for long input as second argument, overriding
+        # the output cannot help with that (no matter the casting)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.ldexp(1., np.uint64(3), dtype="d")
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.ldexp(1., np.uint64(3), signature=(None, None, "d"))
+
+    def test_partial_signature_mismatch_with_cache(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.add(np.float16(1), np.uint64(2), sig=("e", "d", None))
+        # Ensure e,d->None is in the dispatching cache (double loop)
+        np.add(np.float16(1), np.float64(2))
+        # The error must still be raised:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.add(np.float16(1), np.uint64(2), sig=("e", "d", None))
+
+    def test_use_output_signature_for_all_arguments(self):
+        # Test that providing only `dtype=` or `signature=(None, None, dtype)`
+        # is sufficient if falling back to a homogeneous signature works.
+        # In this case, the `intp, intp -> intp` loop is chosen.
+        res = np.power(1.5, 2.8, dtype=np.intp, casting="unsafe")
+        assert res == 1  # the cast happens first.
+        res = np.power(1.5, 2.8, signature=(None, None, np.intp),
+                       casting="unsafe")
+        assert res == 1
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            # the unsafe casting would normally cause errors though:
+            np.power(1.5, 2.8, dtype=np.intp)
+
+    def test_signature_errors(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+                    match="the signature object to ufunc must be a string or"):
+            np.add(3, 4, signature=123.)  # neither a string nor a tuple
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            # bad symbols that do not translate to dtypes
+            np.add(3, 4, signature="%^->#")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.add(3, 4, signature=b"ii-i")  # incomplete and byte string
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.add(3, 4, signature="ii>i")  # incomplete string
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.add(3, 4, signature=(None, "f8"))  # bad length
+
+        with pytest.raises(UnicodeDecodeError):
+            np.add(3, 4, signature=b"\xff\xff->i")
+
+    def test_forced_dtype_times(self):
+        # Signatures only set the type numbers (not the actual loop dtypes)
+        # so using `M` in a signature/dtype should generally work:
+        a = np.array(['2010-01-02', '1999-03-14', '1833-03'], dtype='>M8[D]')
+        np.maximum(a, a, dtype="M")
+        np.maximum.reduce(a, dtype="M")
+
+        arr = np.arange(10, dtype="m8[s]")
+        np.add(arr, arr, dtype="m")
+        np.maximum(arr, arr, dtype="m")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc", [np.add, np.sqrt])
+    def test_cast_safety(self, ufunc):
+        """Basic test for the safest casts, because ufuncs inner loops can
+        indicate a cast-safety as well (which is normally always "no").
+        """
+        def call_ufunc(arr, **kwargs):
+            return ufunc(*(arr,) * ufunc.nin, **kwargs)
+
+        arr = np.array([1., 2., 3.], dtype=np.float32)
+        arr_bs = arr.astype(arr.dtype.newbyteorder())
+        expected = call_ufunc(arr)
+        # Normally, a "no" cast:
+        res = call_ufunc(arr, casting="no")
+        assert_array_equal(expected, res)
+        # Byte-swapping is not allowed with "no" though:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            call_ufunc(arr_bs, casting="no")
+
+        # But is allowed with "equiv":
+        res = call_ufunc(arr_bs, casting="equiv")
+        assert_array_equal(expected, res)
+
+        # Casting to float64 is safe, but not equiv:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            call_ufunc(arr_bs, dtype=np.float64, casting="equiv")
+
+        # but it is safe cast:
+        res = call_ufunc(arr_bs, dtype=np.float64, casting="safe")
+        expected = call_ufunc(arr.astype(np.float64))  # upcast
+        assert_array_equal(expected, res)
+
+    def test_true_divide(self):
+        a = np.array(10)
+        b = np.array(20)
+        tgt = np.array(0.5)
+
+        for tc in 'bhilqBHILQefdgFDG':
+            dt = np.dtype(tc)
+            aa = a.astype(dt)
+            bb = b.astype(dt)
+
+            # Check result value and dtype.
+            for x, y in itertools.product([aa, -aa], [bb, -bb]):
+
+                # Check with no output type specified
+                if tc in 'FDG':
+                    tgt = complex(x)/complex(y)
+                else:
+                    tgt = float(x)/float(y)
+
+                res = np.true_divide(x, y)
+                rtol = max(np.finfo(res).resolution, 1e-15)
+                assert_allclose(res, tgt, rtol=rtol)
+
+                if tc in 'bhilqBHILQ':
+                    assert_(res.dtype.name == 'float64')
+                else:
+                    assert_(res.dtype.name == dt.name )
+
+                # Check with output type specified.  This also checks for the
+                # incorrect casts in issue gh-3484 because the unary '-' does
+                # not change types, even for unsigned types, Hence casts in the
+                # ufunc from signed to unsigned and vice versa will lead to
+                # errors in the values.
+                for tcout in 'bhilqBHILQ':
+                    dtout = np.dtype(tcout)
+                    assert_raises(TypeError, np.true_divide, x, y, dtype=dtout)
+
+                for tcout in 'efdg':
+                    dtout = np.dtype(tcout)
+                    if tc in 'FDG':
+                        # Casting complex to float is not allowed
+                        assert_raises(TypeError, np.true_divide, x, y, dtype=dtout)
+                    else:
+                        tgt = float(x)/float(y)
+                        rtol = max(np.finfo(dtout).resolution, 1e-15)
+                        # The value of tiny for double double is NaN
+                        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+                            sup.filter(UserWarning)
+                            if not np.isnan(np.finfo(dtout).tiny):
+                                atol = max(np.finfo(dtout).tiny, 3e-308)
+                            else:
+                                atol = 3e-308
+                        # Some test values result in invalid for float16
+                        # and the cast to it may overflow to inf.
+                        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore', over='ignore'):
+                            res = np.true_divide(x, y, dtype=dtout)
+                        if not np.isfinite(res) and tcout == 'e':
+                            continue
+                        assert_allclose(res, tgt, rtol=rtol, atol=atol)
+                        assert_(res.dtype.name == dtout.name)
+
+                for tcout in 'FDG':
+                    dtout = np.dtype(tcout)
+                    tgt = complex(x)/complex(y)
+                    rtol = max(np.finfo(dtout).resolution, 1e-15)
+                    # The value of tiny for double double is NaN
+                    with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+                        sup.filter(UserWarning)
+                        if not np.isnan(np.finfo(dtout).tiny):
+                            atol = max(np.finfo(dtout).tiny, 3e-308)
+                        else:
+                            atol = 3e-308
+                    res = np.true_divide(x, y, dtype=dtout)
+                    if not np.isfinite(res):
+                        continue
+                    assert_allclose(res, tgt, rtol=rtol, atol=atol)
+                    assert_(res.dtype.name == dtout.name)
+
+        # Check booleans
+        a = np.ones((), dtype=np.bool_)
+        res = np.true_divide(a, a)
+        assert_(res == 1.0)
+        assert_(res.dtype.name == 'float64')
+        res = np.true_divide(~a, a)
+        assert_(res == 0.0)
+        assert_(res.dtype.name == 'float64')
+
+    def test_sum_stability(self):
+        a = np.ones(500, dtype=np.float32)
+        assert_almost_equal((a / 10.).sum() - a.size / 10., 0, 4)
+
+        a = np.ones(500, dtype=np.float64)
+        assert_almost_equal((a / 10.).sum() - a.size / 10., 0, 13)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_sum(self):
+        for dt in (int, np.float16, np.float32, np.float64, np.longdouble):
+            for v in (0, 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 19, 127,
+                      128, 1024, 1235):
+                # warning if sum overflows, which it does in float16
+                with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+                    warnings.simplefilter("always", RuntimeWarning)
+
+                    tgt = dt(v * (v + 1) / 2)
+                    overflow = not np.isfinite(tgt)
+                    assert_equal(len(w), 1 * overflow)
+
+                    d = np.arange(1, v + 1, dtype=dt)
+
+                    assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d), tgt)
+                    assert_equal(len(w), 2 * overflow)
+
+                    assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[::-1]), tgt)
+                    assert_equal(len(w), 3 * overflow)
+
+            d = np.ones(500, dtype=dt)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[::2]), 250.)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[1::2]), 250.)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[::3]), 167.)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[1::3]), 167.)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[::-2]), 250.)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[-1::-2]), 250.)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[::-3]), 167.)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[-1::-3]), 167.)
+            # sum with first reduction entry != 0
+            d = np.ones((1,), dtype=dt)
+            d += d
+            assert_almost_equal(d, 2.)
+
+    def test_sum_complex(self):
+        for dt in (np.complex64, np.complex128, np.clongdouble):
+            for v in (0, 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 19, 127,
+                      128, 1024, 1235):
+                tgt = dt(v * (v + 1) / 2) - dt((v * (v + 1) / 2) * 1j)
+                d = np.empty(v, dtype=dt)
+                d.real = np.arange(1, v + 1)
+                d.imag = -np.arange(1, v + 1)
+                assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d), tgt)
+                assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[::-1]), tgt)
+
+            d = np.ones(500, dtype=dt) + 1j
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[::2]), 250. + 250j)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[1::2]), 250. + 250j)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[::3]), 167. + 167j)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[1::3]), 167. + 167j)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[::-2]), 250. + 250j)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[-1::-2]), 250. + 250j)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[::-3]), 167. + 167j)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.sum(d[-1::-3]), 167. + 167j)
+            # sum with first reduction entry != 0
+            d = np.ones((1,), dtype=dt) + 1j
+            d += d
+            assert_almost_equal(d, 2. + 2j)
+
+    def test_sum_initial(self):
+        # Integer, single axis
+        assert_equal(np.sum([3], initial=2), 5)
+
+        # Floating point
+        assert_almost_equal(np.sum([0.2], initial=0.1), 0.3)
+
+        # Multiple non-adjacent axes
+        assert_equal(np.sum(np.ones((2, 3, 5), dtype=np.int64), axis=(0, 2), initial=2),
+                     [12, 12, 12])
+
+    def test_sum_where(self):
+        # More extensive tests done in test_reduction_with_where.
+        assert_equal(np.sum([[1., 2.], [3., 4.]], where=[True, False]), 4.)
+        assert_equal(np.sum([[1., 2.], [3., 4.]], axis=0, initial=5.,
+                            where=[True, False]), [9., 5.])
+
+    def test_inner1d(self):
+        a = np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.inner1d(a, a), np.sum(a*a, axis=-1))
+        a = np.arange(6)
+        assert_array_equal(umt.inner1d(a, a), np.sum(a*a))
+
+    def test_broadcast(self):
+        msg = "broadcast"
+        a = np.arange(4).reshape((2, 1, 2))
+        b = np.arange(4).reshape((1, 2, 2))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.inner1d(a, b), np.sum(a*b, axis=-1), err_msg=msg)
+        msg = "extend & broadcast loop dimensions"
+        b = np.arange(4).reshape((2, 2))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.inner1d(a, b), np.sum(a*b, axis=-1), err_msg=msg)
+        # Broadcast in core dimensions should fail
+        a = np.arange(8).reshape((4, 2))
+        b = np.arange(4).reshape((4, 1))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.inner1d, a, b)
+        # Extend core dimensions should fail
+        a = np.arange(8).reshape((4, 2))
+        b = np.array(7)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.inner1d, a, b)
+        # Broadcast should fail
+        a = np.arange(2).reshape((2, 1, 1))
+        b = np.arange(3).reshape((3, 1, 1))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.inner1d, a, b)
+
+        # Writing to a broadcasted array with overlap should warn, gh-2705
+        a = np.arange(2)
+        b = np.arange(4).reshape((2, 2))
+        u, v = np.broadcast_arrays(a, b)
+        assert_equal(u.strides[0], 0)
+        x = u + v
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            u += v
+            assert_equal(len(w), 1)
+            assert_(x[0, 0] != u[0, 0])
+
+        # Output reduction should not be allowed.
+        # See gh-15139
+        a = np.arange(6).reshape(3, 2)
+        b = np.ones(2)
+        out = np.empty(())
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.inner1d, a, b, out)
+        out2 = np.empty(3)
+        c = umt.inner1d(a, b, out2)
+        assert_(c is out2)
+
+    def test_out_broadcasts(self):
+        # For ufuncs and gufuncs (not for reductions), we currently allow
+        # the output to cause broadcasting of the input arrays.
+        # both along dimensions with shape 1 and dimensions which do not
+        # exist at all in the inputs.
+        arr = np.arange(3).reshape(1, 3)
+        out = np.empty((5, 4, 3))
+        np.add(arr, arr, out=out)
+        assert (out == np.arange(3) * 2).all()
+
+        # The same holds for gufuncs (gh-16484)
+        umt.inner1d(arr, arr, out=out)
+        # the result would be just a scalar `5`, but is broadcast fully:
+        assert (out == 5).all()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["arr", "out"], [
+                ([2], np.empty(())),
+                ([1, 2], np.empty(1)),
+                (np.ones((4, 3)), np.empty((4, 1)))],
+            ids=["(1,)->()", "(2,)->(1,)", "(4, 3)->(4, 1)"])
+    def test_out_broadcast_errors(self, arr, out):
+        # Output is (currently) allowed to broadcast inputs, but it cannot be
+        # smaller than the actual result.
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-broadcastable"):
+            np.positive(arr, out=out)
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="non-broadcastable"):
+            np.add(np.ones(()), arr, out=out)
+
+    def test_type_cast(self):
+        msg = "type cast"
+        a = np.arange(6, dtype='short').reshape((2, 3))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.inner1d(a, a), np.sum(a*a, axis=-1),
+                           err_msg=msg)
+        msg = "type cast on one argument"
+        a = np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3))
+        b = a + 0.1
+        assert_array_almost_equal(umt.inner1d(a, b), np.sum(a*b, axis=-1),
+                                  err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_endian(self):
+        msg = "big endian"
+        a = np.arange(6, dtype='>i4').reshape((2, 3))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.inner1d(a, a), np.sum(a*a, axis=-1),
+                           err_msg=msg)
+        msg = "little endian"
+        a = np.arange(6, dtype='()'
+        inner1d = umt.inner1d
+        a = np.arange(27.).reshape((3, 3, 3))
+        b = np.arange(10., 19.).reshape((3, 1, 3))
+        # basic tests on inputs (outputs tested below with matrix_multiply).
+        c = inner1d(a, b)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1))
+        # default
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[(-1,), (-1,), ()])
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1))
+        # integers ok for single axis.
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[-1, -1, ()])
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1))
+        # mix fine
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[(-1,), -1, ()])
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1))
+        # can omit last axis.
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[-1, -1])
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1))
+        # can pass in other types of integer (with __index__ protocol)
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[np.int8(-1), np.array(-1, dtype=np.int32)])
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1))
+        # swap some axes
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[0, 0])
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(0))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[0, 2])
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a.transpose(1, 2, 0) * b).sum(-1))
+        # Check errors for improperly constructed axes arguments.
+        # should have list.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, inner1d, a, b, axes=-1)
+        # needs enough elements
+        assert_raises(ValueError, inner1d, a, b, axes=[-1])
+        # should pass in indices.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, inner1d, a, b, axes=[-1.0, -1.0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, inner1d, a, b, axes=[(-1.0,), -1])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, inner1d, a, b, axes=[None, 1])
+        # cannot pass an index unless there is only one dimension
+        # (output is wrong in this case)
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, inner1d, a, b, axes=[-1, -1, -1])
+        # or pass in generally the wrong number of axes
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, inner1d, a, b, axes=[-1, -1, (-1,)])
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, inner1d, a, b, axes=[-1, (-2, -1), ()])
+        # axes need to have same length.
+        assert_raises(ValueError, inner1d, a, b, axes=[0, 1])
+
+        # matrix_multiply signature: '(m,n),(n,p)->(m,p)'
+        mm = umt.matrix_multiply
+        a = np.arange(12).reshape((2, 3, 2))
+        b = np.arange(8).reshape((2, 2, 2, 1)) + 1
+        # Sanity check.
+        c = mm(a, b)
+        assert_array_equal(c, np.matmul(a, b))
+        # Default axes.
+        c = mm(a, b, axes=[(-2, -1), (-2, -1), (-2, -1)])
+        assert_array_equal(c, np.matmul(a, b))
+        # Default with explicit axes.
+        c = mm(a, b, axes=[(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 3)])
+        assert_array_equal(c, np.matmul(a, b))
+        # swap some axes.
+        c = mm(a, b, axes=[(0, -1), (1, 2), (-2, -1)])
+        assert_array_equal(c, np.matmul(a.transpose(1, 0, 2),
+                                        b.transpose(0, 3, 1, 2)))
+        # Default with output array.
+        c = np.empty((2, 2, 3, 1))
+        d = mm(a, b, out=c, axes=[(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 3)])
+        assert_(c is d)
+        assert_array_equal(c, np.matmul(a, b))
+        # Transposed output array
+        c = np.empty((1, 2, 2, 3))
+        d = mm(a, b, out=c, axes=[(-2, -1), (-2, -1), (3, 0)])
+        assert_(c is d)
+        assert_array_equal(c, np.matmul(a, b).transpose(3, 0, 1, 2))
+        # Check errors for improperly constructed axes arguments.
+        # wrong argument
+        assert_raises(TypeError, mm, a, b, axis=1)
+        # axes should be list
+        assert_raises(TypeError, mm, a, b, axes=1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, mm, a, b, axes=((-2, -1), (-2, -1), (-2, -1)))
+        # list needs to have right length
+        assert_raises(ValueError, mm, a, b, axes=[])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, mm, a, b, axes=[(-2, -1)])
+        # list should not contain None, or lists
+        assert_raises(TypeError, mm, a, b, axes=[None, None, None])
+        assert_raises(TypeError,
+                      mm, a, b, axes=[[-2, -1], [-2, -1], [-2, -1]])
+        assert_raises(TypeError,
+                      mm, a, b, axes=[(-2, -1), (-2, -1), [-2, -1]])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, mm, a, b, axes=[(-2, -1), (-2, -1), None])
+        # single integers are AxisErrors if more are required
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, mm, a, b, axes=[-1, -1, -1])
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, mm, a, b, axes=[(-2, -1), (-2, -1), -1])
+        # tuples should not have duplicated values
+        assert_raises(ValueError, mm, a, b, axes=[(-2, -1), (-2, -1), (-2, -2)])
+        # arrays should have enough axes.
+        z = np.zeros((2, 2))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, mm, z, z[0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, mm, z, z, out=z[:, 0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, mm, z[1], z, axes=[0, 1])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, mm, z, z, out=z[0], axes=[0, 1])
+        # Regular ufuncs should not accept axes.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1., 1., axes=[0])
+        # should be able to deal with bad unrelated kwargs.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, mm, z, z, axes=[0, 1], parrot=True)
+
+    def test_axis_argument(self):
+        # inner1d signature: '(i),(i)->()'
+        inner1d = umt.inner1d
+        a = np.arange(27.).reshape((3, 3, 3))
+        b = np.arange(10., 19.).reshape((3, 1, 3))
+        c = inner1d(a, b)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axis=-1)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1))
+        out = np.zeros_like(c)
+        d = inner1d(a, b, axis=-1, out=out)
+        assert_(d is out)
+        assert_array_equal(d, c)
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axis=0)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(0))
+        # Sanity checks on innerwt and cumsum.
+        a = np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3))
+        b = np.arange(10, 16).reshape((2, 3))
+        w = np.arange(20, 26).reshape((2, 3))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.innerwt(a, b, w, axis=0),
+                           np.sum(a * b * w, axis=0))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.cumsum(a, axis=0), np.cumsum(a, axis=0))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.cumsum(a, axis=-1), np.cumsum(a, axis=-1))
+        out = np.empty_like(a)
+        b = umt.cumsum(a, out=out, axis=0)
+        assert_(out is b)
+        assert_array_equal(b, np.cumsum(a, axis=0))
+        b = umt.cumsum(a, out=out, axis=1)
+        assert_(out is b)
+        assert_array_equal(b, np.cumsum(a, axis=-1))
+        # Check errors.
+        # Cannot pass in both axis and axes.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, inner1d, a, b, axis=0, axes=[0, 0])
+        # Not an integer.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, inner1d, a, b, axis=[0])
+        # more than 1 core dimensions.
+        mm = umt.matrix_multiply
+        assert_raises(TypeError, mm, a, b, axis=1)
+        # Output wrong size in axis.
+        out = np.empty((1, 2, 3), dtype=a.dtype)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.cumsum, a, out=out, axis=0)
+        # Regular ufuncs should not accept axis.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1., 1., axis=0)
+
+    def test_keepdims_argument(self):
+        # inner1d signature: '(i),(i)->()'
+        inner1d = umt.inner1d
+        a = np.arange(27.).reshape((3, 3, 3))
+        b = np.arange(10., 19.).reshape((3, 1, 3))
+        c = inner1d(a, b)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, keepdims=False)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, keepdims=True)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1, keepdims=True))
+        out = np.zeros_like(c)
+        d = inner1d(a, b, keepdims=True, out=out)
+        assert_(d is out)
+        assert_array_equal(d, c)
+        # Now combined with axis and axes.
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axis=-1, keepdims=False)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1, keepdims=False))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axis=-1, keepdims=True)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1, keepdims=True))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axis=0, keepdims=False)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(0, keepdims=False))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axis=0, keepdims=True)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(0, keepdims=True))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[(-1,), (-1,), ()], keepdims=False)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[(-1,), (-1,), (-1,)], keepdims=True)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(-1, keepdims=True))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[0, 0], keepdims=False)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(0))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[0, 0, 0], keepdims=True)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b).sum(0, keepdims=True))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[0, 2], keepdims=False)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a.transpose(1, 2, 0) * b).sum(-1))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[0, 2], keepdims=True)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a.transpose(1, 2, 0) * b).sum(-1,
+                                                             keepdims=True))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[0, 2, 2], keepdims=True)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a.transpose(1, 2, 0) * b).sum(-1,
+                                                             keepdims=True))
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[0, 2, 0], keepdims=True)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a * b.transpose(2, 0, 1)).sum(0, keepdims=True))
+        # Hardly useful, but should work.
+        c = inner1d(a, b, axes=[0, 2, 1], keepdims=True)
+        assert_array_equal(c, (a.transpose(1, 0, 2) * b.transpose(0, 2, 1))
+                           .sum(1, keepdims=True))
+        # Check with two core dimensions.
+        a = np.eye(3) * np.arange(4.)[:, np.newaxis, np.newaxis]
+        expected = uml.det(a)
+        c = uml.det(a, keepdims=False)
+        assert_array_equal(c, expected)
+        c = uml.det(a, keepdims=True)
+        assert_array_equal(c, expected[:, np.newaxis, np.newaxis])
+        a = np.eye(3) * np.arange(4.)[:, np.newaxis, np.newaxis]
+        expected_s, expected_l = uml.slogdet(a)
+        cs, cl = uml.slogdet(a, keepdims=False)
+        assert_array_equal(cs, expected_s)
+        assert_array_equal(cl, expected_l)
+        cs, cl = uml.slogdet(a, keepdims=True)
+        assert_array_equal(cs, expected_s[:, np.newaxis, np.newaxis])
+        assert_array_equal(cl, expected_l[:, np.newaxis, np.newaxis])
+        # Sanity check on innerwt.
+        a = np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3))
+        b = np.arange(10, 16).reshape((2, 3))
+        w = np.arange(20, 26).reshape((2, 3))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.innerwt(a, b, w, keepdims=True),
+                           np.sum(a * b * w, axis=-1, keepdims=True))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.innerwt(a, b, w, axis=0, keepdims=True),
+                           np.sum(a * b * w, axis=0, keepdims=True))
+        # Check errors.
+        # Not a boolean
+        assert_raises(TypeError, inner1d, a, b, keepdims='true')
+        # More than 1 core dimension, and core output dimensions.
+        mm = umt.matrix_multiply
+        assert_raises(TypeError, mm, a, b, keepdims=True)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, mm, a, b, keepdims=False)
+        # Regular ufuncs should not accept keepdims.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, 1., 1., keepdims=False)
+
+    def test_innerwt(self):
+        a = np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3))
+        b = np.arange(10, 16).reshape((2, 3))
+        w = np.arange(20, 26).reshape((2, 3))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.innerwt(a, b, w), np.sum(a*b*w, axis=-1))
+        a = np.arange(100, 124).reshape((2, 3, 4))
+        b = np.arange(200, 224).reshape((2, 3, 4))
+        w = np.arange(300, 324).reshape((2, 3, 4))
+        assert_array_equal(umt.innerwt(a, b, w), np.sum(a*b*w, axis=-1))
+
+    def test_innerwt_empty(self):
+        """Test generalized ufunc with zero-sized operands"""
+        a = np.array([], dtype='f8')
+        b = np.array([], dtype='f8')
+        w = np.array([], dtype='f8')
+        assert_array_equal(umt.innerwt(a, b, w), np.sum(a*b*w, axis=-1))
+
+    def test_cross1d(self):
+        """Test with fixed-sized signature."""
+        a = np.eye(3)
+        assert_array_equal(umt.cross1d(a, a), np.zeros((3, 3)))
+        out = np.zeros((3, 3))
+        result = umt.cross1d(a[0], a, out)
+        assert_(result is out)
+        assert_array_equal(result, np.vstack((np.zeros(3), a[2], -a[1])))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.cross1d, np.eye(4), np.eye(4))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.cross1d, a, np.arange(4.))
+        # Wrong output core dimension.
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.cross1d, a, np.arange(3.), np.zeros((3, 4)))
+        # Wrong output broadcast dimension (see gh-15139).
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.cross1d, a, np.arange(3.), np.zeros(3))
+
+    def test_can_ignore_signature(self):
+        # Comparing the effects of ? in signature:
+        # matrix_multiply: (m,n),(n,p)->(m,p)    # all must be there.
+        # matmul:        (m?,n),(n,p?)->(m?,p?)  # allow missing m, p.
+        mat = np.arange(12).reshape((2, 3, 2))
+        single_vec = np.arange(2)
+        col_vec = single_vec[:, np.newaxis]
+        col_vec_array = np.arange(8).reshape((2, 2, 2, 1)) + 1
+        # matrix @ single column vector with proper dimension
+        mm_col_vec = umt.matrix_multiply(mat, col_vec)
+        # matmul does the same thing
+        matmul_col_vec = umt.matmul(mat, col_vec)
+        assert_array_equal(matmul_col_vec, mm_col_vec)
+        # matrix @ vector without dimension making it a column vector.
+        # matrix multiply fails -> missing core dim.
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.matrix_multiply, mat, single_vec)
+        # matmul mimicker passes, and returns a vector.
+        matmul_col = umt.matmul(mat, single_vec)
+        assert_array_equal(matmul_col, mm_col_vec.squeeze())
+        # Now with a column array: same as for column vector,
+        # broadcasting sensibly.
+        mm_col_vec = umt.matrix_multiply(mat, col_vec_array)
+        matmul_col_vec = umt.matmul(mat, col_vec_array)
+        assert_array_equal(matmul_col_vec, mm_col_vec)
+        # As above, but for row vector
+        single_vec = np.arange(3)
+        row_vec = single_vec[np.newaxis, :]
+        row_vec_array = np.arange(24).reshape((4, 2, 1, 1, 3)) + 1
+        # row vector @ matrix
+        mm_row_vec = umt.matrix_multiply(row_vec, mat)
+        matmul_row_vec = umt.matmul(row_vec, mat)
+        assert_array_equal(matmul_row_vec, mm_row_vec)
+        # single row vector @ matrix
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.matrix_multiply, single_vec, mat)
+        matmul_row = umt.matmul(single_vec, mat)
+        assert_array_equal(matmul_row, mm_row_vec.squeeze())
+        # row vector array @ matrix
+        mm_row_vec = umt.matrix_multiply(row_vec_array, mat)
+        matmul_row_vec = umt.matmul(row_vec_array, mat)
+        assert_array_equal(matmul_row_vec, mm_row_vec)
+        # Now for vector combinations
+        # row vector @ column vector
+        col_vec = row_vec.T
+        col_vec_array = row_vec_array.swapaxes(-2, -1)
+        mm_row_col_vec = umt.matrix_multiply(row_vec, col_vec)
+        matmul_row_col_vec = umt.matmul(row_vec, col_vec)
+        assert_array_equal(matmul_row_col_vec, mm_row_col_vec)
+        # single row vector @ single col vector
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.matrix_multiply, single_vec, single_vec)
+        matmul_row_col = umt.matmul(single_vec, single_vec)
+        assert_array_equal(matmul_row_col, mm_row_col_vec.squeeze())
+        # row vector array @ matrix
+        mm_row_col_array = umt.matrix_multiply(row_vec_array, col_vec_array)
+        matmul_row_col_array = umt.matmul(row_vec_array, col_vec_array)
+        assert_array_equal(matmul_row_col_array, mm_row_col_array)
+        # Finally, check that things are *not* squeezed if one gives an
+        # output.
+        out = np.zeros_like(mm_row_col_array)
+        out = umt.matrix_multiply(row_vec_array, col_vec_array, out=out)
+        assert_array_equal(out, mm_row_col_array)
+        out[:] = 0
+        out = umt.matmul(row_vec_array, col_vec_array, out=out)
+        assert_array_equal(out, mm_row_col_array)
+        # And check one cannot put missing dimensions back.
+        out = np.zeros_like(mm_row_col_vec)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.matrix_multiply, single_vec, single_vec,
+                      out)
+        # But fine for matmul, since it is just a broadcast.
+        out = umt.matmul(single_vec, single_vec, out)
+        assert_array_equal(out, mm_row_col_vec.squeeze())
+
+    def test_matrix_multiply(self):
+        self.compare_matrix_multiply_results(np.int64)
+        self.compare_matrix_multiply_results(np.double)
+
+    def test_matrix_multiply_umath_empty(self):
+        res = umt.matrix_multiply(np.ones((0, 10)), np.ones((10, 0)))
+        assert_array_equal(res, np.zeros((0, 0)))
+        res = umt.matrix_multiply(np.ones((10, 0)), np.ones((0, 10)))
+        assert_array_equal(res, np.zeros((10, 10)))
+
+    def compare_matrix_multiply_results(self, tp):
+        d1 = np.array(np.random.rand(2, 3, 4), dtype=tp)
+        d2 = np.array(np.random.rand(2, 3, 4), dtype=tp)
+        msg = "matrix multiply on type %s" % d1.dtype.name
+
+        def permute_n(n):
+            if n == 1:
+                return ([0],)
+            ret = ()
+            base = permute_n(n-1)
+            for perm in base:
+                for i in range(n):
+                    new = perm + [n-1]
+                    new[n-1] = new[i]
+                    new[i] = n-1
+                    ret += (new,)
+            return ret
+
+        def slice_n(n):
+            if n == 0:
+                return ((),)
+            ret = ()
+            base = slice_n(n-1)
+            for sl in base:
+                ret += (sl+(slice(None),),)
+                ret += (sl+(slice(0, 1),),)
+            return ret
+
+        def broadcastable(s1, s2):
+            return s1 == s2 or s1 == 1 or s2 == 1
+
+        permute_3 = permute_n(3)
+        slice_3 = slice_n(3) + ((slice(None, None, -1),)*3,)
+
+        ref = True
+        for p1 in permute_3:
+            for p2 in permute_3:
+                for s1 in slice_3:
+                    for s2 in slice_3:
+                        a1 = d1.transpose(p1)[s1]
+                        a2 = d2.transpose(p2)[s2]
+                        ref = ref and a1.base is not None
+                        ref = ref and a2.base is not None
+                        if (a1.shape[-1] == a2.shape[-2] and
+                                broadcastable(a1.shape[0], a2.shape[0])):
+                            assert_array_almost_equal(
+                                umt.matrix_multiply(a1, a2),
+                                np.sum(a2[..., np.newaxis].swapaxes(-3, -1) *
+                                       a1[..., np.newaxis,:], axis=-1),
+                                err_msg=msg + ' %s %s' % (str(a1.shape),
+                                                          str(a2.shape)))
+
+        assert_equal(ref, True, err_msg="reference check")
+
+    def test_euclidean_pdist(self):
+        a = np.arange(12, dtype=float).reshape(4, 3)
+        out = np.empty((a.shape[0] * (a.shape[0] - 1) // 2,), dtype=a.dtype)
+        umt.euclidean_pdist(a, out)
+        b = np.sqrt(np.sum((a[:, None] - a)**2, axis=-1))
+        b = b[~np.tri(a.shape[0], dtype=bool)]
+        assert_almost_equal(out, b)
+        # An output array is required to determine p with signature (n,d)->(p)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, umt.euclidean_pdist, a)
+
+    def test_cumsum(self):
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        result = umt.cumsum(a)
+        assert_array_equal(result, a.cumsum())
+
+    def test_object_logical(self):
+        a = np.array([3, None, True, False, "test", ""], dtype=object)
+        assert_equal(np.logical_or(a, None),
+                        np.array([x or None for x in a], dtype=object))
+        assert_equal(np.logical_or(a, True),
+                        np.array([x or True for x in a], dtype=object))
+        assert_equal(np.logical_or(a, 12),
+                        np.array([x or 12 for x in a], dtype=object))
+        assert_equal(np.logical_or(a, "blah"),
+                        np.array([x or "blah" for x in a], dtype=object))
+
+        assert_equal(np.logical_and(a, None),
+                        np.array([x and None for x in a], dtype=object))
+        assert_equal(np.logical_and(a, True),
+                        np.array([x and True for x in a], dtype=object))
+        assert_equal(np.logical_and(a, 12),
+                        np.array([x and 12 for x in a], dtype=object))
+        assert_equal(np.logical_and(a, "blah"),
+                        np.array([x and "blah" for x in a], dtype=object))
+
+        assert_equal(np.logical_not(a),
+                        np.array([not x for x in a], dtype=object))
+
+        assert_equal(np.logical_or.reduce(a), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.logical_and.reduce(a), None)
+
+    def test_object_comparison(self):
+        class HasComparisons:
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return '=='
+
+        arr0d = np.array(HasComparisons())
+        assert_equal(arr0d == arr0d, True)
+        assert_equal(np.equal(arr0d, arr0d), True)  # normal behavior is a cast
+
+        arr1d = np.array([HasComparisons()])
+        assert_equal(arr1d == arr1d, np.array([True]))
+        assert_equal(np.equal(arr1d, arr1d), np.array([True]))  # normal behavior is a cast
+        assert_equal(np.equal(arr1d, arr1d, dtype=object), np.array(['==']))
+
+    def test_object_array_reduction(self):
+        # Reductions on object arrays
+        a = np.array(['a', 'b', 'c'], dtype=object)
+        assert_equal(np.sum(a), 'abc')
+        assert_equal(np.max(a), 'c')
+        assert_equal(np.min(a), 'a')
+        a = np.array([True, False, True], dtype=object)
+        assert_equal(np.sum(a), 2)
+        assert_equal(np.prod(a), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.any(a), True)
+        assert_equal(np.all(a), False)
+        assert_equal(np.max(a), True)
+        assert_equal(np.min(a), False)
+        assert_equal(np.array([[1]], dtype=object).sum(), 1)
+        assert_equal(np.array([[[1, 2]]], dtype=object).sum((0, 1)), [1, 2])
+        assert_equal(np.array([1], dtype=object).sum(initial=1), 2)
+        assert_equal(np.array([[1], [2, 3]], dtype=object)
+                     .sum(initial=[0], where=[False, True]), [0, 2, 3])
+
+    def test_object_array_accumulate_inplace(self):
+        # Checks that in-place accumulates work, see also gh-7402
+        arr = np.ones(4, dtype=object)
+        arr[:] = [[1] for i in range(4)]
+        # Twice reproduced also for tuples:
+        np.add.accumulate(arr, out=arr)
+        np.add.accumulate(arr, out=arr)
+        assert_array_equal(arr,
+                           np.array([[1]*i for i in [1, 3, 6, 10]], dtype=object),
+                          )
+
+        # And the same if the axis argument is used
+        arr = np.ones((2, 4), dtype=object)
+        arr[0, :] = [[2] for i in range(4)]
+        np.add.accumulate(arr, out=arr, axis=-1)
+        np.add.accumulate(arr, out=arr, axis=-1)
+        assert_array_equal(arr[0, :],
+                           np.array([[2]*i for i in [1, 3, 6, 10]], dtype=object),
+                          )
+
+    def test_object_array_accumulate_failure(self):
+        # Typical accumulation on object works as expected:
+        res = np.add.accumulate(np.array([1, 0, 2], dtype=object))
+        assert_array_equal(res, np.array([1, 1, 3], dtype=object))
+        # But errors are propagated from the inner-loop if they occur:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.add.accumulate([1, None, 2])
+
+    def test_object_array_reduceat_inplace(self):
+        # Checks that in-place reduceats work, see also gh-7465
+        arr = np.empty(4, dtype=object)
+        arr[:] = [[1] for i in range(4)]
+        out = np.empty(4, dtype=object)
+        out[:] = [[1] for i in range(4)]
+        np.add.reduceat(arr, np.arange(4), out=arr)
+        np.add.reduceat(arr, np.arange(4), out=arr)
+        assert_array_equal(arr, out)
+
+        # And the same if the axis argument is used
+        arr = np.ones((2, 4), dtype=object)
+        arr[0, :] = [[2] for i in range(4)]
+        out = np.ones((2, 4), dtype=object)
+        out[0, :] = [[2] for i in range(4)]
+        np.add.reduceat(arr, np.arange(4), out=arr, axis=-1)
+        np.add.reduceat(arr, np.arange(4), out=arr, axis=-1)
+        assert_array_equal(arr, out)
+
+    def test_object_array_reduceat_failure(self):
+        # Reduceat works as expected when no invalid operation occurs (None is
+        # not involved in an operation here)
+        res = np.add.reduceat(np.array([1, None, 2], dtype=object), [1, 2])
+        assert_array_equal(res, np.array([None, 2], dtype=object))
+        # But errors when None would be involved in an operation:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.add.reduceat([1, None, 2], [0, 2])
+
+    def test_zerosize_reduction(self):
+        # Test with default dtype and object dtype
+        for a in [[], np.array([], dtype=object)]:
+            assert_equal(np.sum(a), 0)
+            assert_equal(np.prod(a), 1)
+            assert_equal(np.any(a), False)
+            assert_equal(np.all(a), True)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.max, a)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.min, a)
+
+    def test_axis_out_of_bounds(self):
+        a = np.array([False, False])
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, a.all, axis=1)
+        a = np.array([False, False])
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, a.all, axis=-2)
+
+        a = np.array([False, False])
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, a.any, axis=1)
+        a = np.array([False, False])
+        assert_raises(np.AxisError, a.any, axis=-2)
+
+    def test_scalar_reduction(self):
+        # The functions 'sum', 'prod', etc allow specifying axis=0
+        # even for scalars
+        assert_equal(np.sum(3, axis=0), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.prod(3.5, axis=0), 3.5)
+        assert_equal(np.any(True, axis=0), True)
+        assert_equal(np.all(False, axis=0), False)
+        assert_equal(np.max(3, axis=0), 3)
+        assert_equal(np.min(2.5, axis=0), 2.5)
+
+        # Check scalar behaviour for ufuncs without an identity
+        assert_equal(np.power.reduce(3), 3)
+
+        # Make sure that scalars are coming out from this operation
+        assert_(type(np.prod(np.float32(2.5), axis=0)) is np.float32)
+        assert_(type(np.sum(np.float32(2.5), axis=0)) is np.float32)
+        assert_(type(np.max(np.float32(2.5), axis=0)) is np.float32)
+        assert_(type(np.min(np.float32(2.5), axis=0)) is np.float32)
+
+        # check if scalars/0-d arrays get cast
+        assert_(type(np.any(0, axis=0)) is np.bool_)
+
+        # assert that 0-d arrays get wrapped
+        class MyArray(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+        a = np.array(1).view(MyArray)
+        assert_(type(np.any(a)) is MyArray)
+
+    def test_casting_out_param(self):
+        # Test that it's possible to do casts on output
+        a = np.ones((200, 100), np.int64)
+        b = np.ones((200, 100), np.int64)
+        c = np.ones((200, 100), np.float64)
+        np.add(a, b, out=c)
+        assert_equal(c, 2)
+
+        a = np.zeros(65536)
+        b = np.zeros(65536, dtype=np.float32)
+        np.subtract(a, 0, out=b)
+        assert_equal(b, 0)
+
+    def test_where_param(self):
+        # Test that the where= ufunc parameter works with regular arrays
+        a = np.arange(7)
+        b = np.ones(7)
+        c = np.zeros(7)
+        np.add(a, b, out=c, where=(a % 2 == 1))
+        assert_equal(c, [0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 6, 0])
+
+        a = np.arange(4).reshape(2, 2) + 2
+        np.power(a, [2, 3], out=a, where=[[0, 1], [1, 0]])
+        assert_equal(a, [[2, 27], [16, 5]])
+        # Broadcasting the where= parameter
+        np.subtract(a, 2, out=a, where=[True, False])
+        assert_equal(a, [[0, 27], [14, 5]])
+
+    def test_where_param_buffer_output(self):
+        # This test is temporarily skipped because it requires
+        # adding masking features to the nditer to work properly
+
+        # With casting on output
+        a = np.ones(10, np.int64)
+        b = np.ones(10, np.int64)
+        c = 1.5 * np.ones(10, np.float64)
+        np.add(a, b, out=c, where=[1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0])
+        assert_equal(c, [2, 1.5, 1.5, 2, 1.5, 1.5, 2, 2, 2, 1.5])
+
+    def test_where_param_alloc(self):
+        # With casting and allocated output
+        a = np.array([1], dtype=np.int64)
+        m = np.array([True], dtype=bool)
+        assert_equal(np.sqrt(a, where=m), [1])
+
+        # No casting and allocated output
+        a = np.array([1], dtype=np.float64)
+        m = np.array([True], dtype=bool)
+        assert_equal(np.sqrt(a, where=m), [1])
+
+    def test_where_with_broadcasting(self):
+        # See gh-17198
+        a = np.random.random((5000, 4))
+        b = np.random.random((5000, 1))
+
+        where = a > 0.3
+        out = np.full_like(a, 0)
+        np.less(a, b, where=where, out=out)
+        b_where = np.broadcast_to(b, a.shape)[where]
+        assert_array_equal((a[where] < b_where), out[where].astype(bool))
+        assert not out[~where].any()  # outside mask, out remains all 0
+
+    def check_identityless_reduction(self, a):
+        # np.minimum.reduce is an identityless reduction
+
+        # Verify that it sees the zero at various positions
+        a[...] = 1
+        a[1, 0, 0] = 0
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=None), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=(0, 1)), [0, 1, 1, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=(0, 2)), [0, 1, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=(1, 2)), [1, 0])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=0),
+                                    [[0, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=1),
+                                    [[1, 1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 1, 1]])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=2),
+                                    [[1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 1]])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=()), a)
+
+        a[...] = 1
+        a[0, 1, 0] = 0
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=None), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=(0, 1)), [0, 1, 1, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=(0, 2)), [1, 0, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=(1, 2)), [0, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=0),
+                                    [[1, 1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=1),
+                                    [[0, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=2),
+                                    [[1, 0, 1], [1, 1, 1]])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=()), a)
+
+        a[...] = 1
+        a[0, 0, 1] = 0
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=None), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=(0, 1)), [1, 0, 1, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=(0, 2)), [0, 1, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=(1, 2)), [0, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=0),
+                                    [[1, 0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=1),
+                                    [[1, 0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1]])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=2),
+                                    [[0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1]])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce(a, axis=()), a)
+
+    @requires_memory(6 * 1024**3)
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize < 2**32,
+            reason="test array too large for 32bit platform")
+    def test_identityless_reduction_huge_array(self):
+        # Regression test for gh-20921 (copying identity incorrectly failed)
+        arr = np.zeros((2, 2**31), 'uint8')
+        arr[:, 0] = [1, 3]
+        arr[:, -1] = [4, 1]
+        res = np.maximum.reduce(arr, axis=0)
+        del arr
+        assert res[0] == 3
+        assert res[-1] == 4
+
+    def test_identityless_reduction_corder(self):
+        a = np.empty((2, 3, 4), order='C')
+        self.check_identityless_reduction(a)
+
+    def test_identityless_reduction_forder(self):
+        a = np.empty((2, 3, 4), order='F')
+        self.check_identityless_reduction(a)
+
+    def test_identityless_reduction_otherorder(self):
+        a = np.empty((2, 4, 3), order='C').swapaxes(1, 2)
+        self.check_identityless_reduction(a)
+
+    def test_identityless_reduction_noncontig(self):
+        a = np.empty((3, 5, 4), order='C').swapaxes(1, 2)
+        a = a[1:, 1:, 1:]
+        self.check_identityless_reduction(a)
+
+    def test_identityless_reduction_noncontig_unaligned(self):
+        a = np.empty((3*4*5*8 + 1,), dtype='i1')
+        a = a[1:].view(dtype='f8')
+        a.shape = (3, 4, 5)
+        a = a[1:, 1:, 1:]
+        self.check_identityless_reduction(a)
+
+    def test_reduce_identity_depends_on_loop(self):
+        """
+        The type of the result should always depend on the selected loop, not
+        necessarily the output (only relevant for object arrays).
+        """
+        # For an object loop, the default value 0 with type int is used:
+        assert type(np.add.reduce([], dtype=object)) is int
+        out = np.array(None, dtype=object)
+        # When the loop is float64 but `out` is object this does not happen,
+        # the result is float64 cast to object (which gives Python `float`).
+        np.add.reduce([], out=out, dtype=np.float64)
+        assert type(out[()]) is float
+
+    def test_initial_reduction(self):
+        # np.minimum.reduce is an identityless reduction
+
+        # For cases like np.maximum(np.abs(...), initial=0)
+        # More generally, a supremum over non-negative numbers.
+        assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce([], initial=0), 0)
+
+        # For cases like reduction of an empty array over the reals.
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce([], initial=np.inf), np.inf)
+        assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce([], initial=-np.inf), -np.inf)
+
+        # Random tests
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce([5], initial=4), 4)
+        assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce([4], initial=5), 5)
+        assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce([5], initial=4), 5)
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce([4], initial=5), 4)
+
+        # Check initial=None raises ValueError for both types of ufunc reductions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.minimum.reduce, [], initial=None)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.add.reduce, [], initial=None)
+        # Also in the somewhat special object case:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.add.reduce([], initial=None, dtype=object)
+
+        # Check that np._NoValue gives default behavior.
+        assert_equal(np.add.reduce([], initial=np._NoValue), 0)
+
+        # Check that initial kwarg behaves as intended for dtype=object
+        a = np.array([10], dtype=object)
+        res = np.add.reduce(a, initial=5)
+        assert_equal(res, 15)
+
+    def test_empty_reduction_and_idenity(self):
+        arr = np.zeros((0, 5))
+        # OK, since the reduction itself is *not* empty, the result is
+        assert np.true_divide.reduce(arr, axis=1).shape == (0,)
+        # Not OK, the reduction itself is empty and we have no idenity
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.true_divide.reduce(arr, axis=0)
+
+        # Test that an empty reduction fails also if the result is empty
+        arr = np.zeros((0, 0, 5))
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.true_divide.reduce(arr, axis=1)
+
+        # Division reduction makes sense with `initial=1` (empty or not):
+        res = np.true_divide.reduce(arr, axis=1, initial=1)
+        assert_array_equal(res, np.ones((0, 5)))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('axis', (0, 1, None))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('where', (np.array([False, True, True]),
+                                       np.array([[True], [False], [True]]),
+                                       np.array([[True, False, False],
+                                                 [False, True, False],
+                                                 [False, True, True]])))
+    def test_reduction_with_where(self, axis, where):
+        a = np.arange(9.).reshape(3, 3)
+        a_copy = a.copy()
+        a_check = np.zeros_like(a)
+        np.positive(a, out=a_check, where=where)
+
+        res = np.add.reduce(a, axis=axis, where=where)
+        check = a_check.sum(axis)
+        assert_equal(res, check)
+        # Check we do not overwrite elements of a internally.
+        assert_array_equal(a, a_copy)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('axis', 'where'),
+                             ((0, np.array([True, False, True])),
+                              (1, [True, True, False]),
+                              (None, True)))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('initial', (-np.inf, 5.))
+    def test_reduction_with_where_and_initial(self, axis, where, initial):
+        a = np.arange(9.).reshape(3, 3)
+        a_copy = a.copy()
+        a_check = np.full(a.shape, -np.inf)
+        np.positive(a, out=a_check, where=where)
+
+        res = np.maximum.reduce(a, axis=axis, where=where, initial=initial)
+        check = a_check.max(axis, initial=initial)
+        assert_equal(res, check)
+
+    def test_reduction_where_initial_needed(self):
+        a = np.arange(9.).reshape(3, 3)
+        m = [False, True, False]
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.maximum.reduce, a, where=m)
+
+    def test_identityless_reduction_nonreorderable(self):
+        a = np.array([[8.0, 2.0, 2.0], [1.0, 0.5, 0.25]])
+
+        res = np.divide.reduce(a, axis=0)
+        assert_equal(res, [8.0, 4.0, 8.0])
+
+        res = np.divide.reduce(a, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(res, [2.0, 8.0])
+
+        res = np.divide.reduce(a, axis=())
+        assert_equal(res, a)
+
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.divide.reduce, a, axis=(0, 1))
+
+    def test_reduce_zero_axis(self):
+        # If we have a n x m array and do a reduction with axis=1, then we are
+        # doing n reductions, and each reduction takes an m-element array. For
+        # a reduction operation without an identity, then:
+        #   n > 0, m > 0: fine
+        #   n = 0, m > 0: fine, doing 0 reductions of m-element arrays
+        #   n > 0, m = 0: can't reduce a 0-element array, ValueError
+        #   n = 0, m = 0: can't reduce a 0-element array, ValueError (for
+        #     consistency with the above case)
+        # This test doesn't actually look at return values, it just checks to
+        # make sure that error we get an error in exactly those cases where we
+        # expect one, and assumes the calculations themselves are done
+        # correctly.
+
+        def ok(f, *args, **kwargs):
+            f(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        def err(f, *args, **kwargs):
+            assert_raises(ValueError, f, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        def t(expect, func, n, m):
+            expect(func, np.zeros((n, m)), axis=1)
+            expect(func, np.zeros((m, n)), axis=0)
+            expect(func, np.zeros((n // 2, n // 2, m)), axis=2)
+            expect(func, np.zeros((n // 2, m, n // 2)), axis=1)
+            expect(func, np.zeros((n, m // 2, m // 2)), axis=(1, 2))
+            expect(func, np.zeros((m // 2, n, m // 2)), axis=(0, 2))
+            expect(func, np.zeros((m // 3, m // 3, m // 3,
+                                  n // 2, n // 2)),
+                                 axis=(0, 1, 2))
+            # Check what happens if the inner (resp. outer) dimensions are a
+            # mix of zero and non-zero:
+            expect(func, np.zeros((10, m, n)), axis=(0, 1))
+            expect(func, np.zeros((10, n, m)), axis=(0, 2))
+            expect(func, np.zeros((m, 10, n)), axis=0)
+            expect(func, np.zeros((10, m, n)), axis=1)
+            expect(func, np.zeros((10, n, m)), axis=2)
+
+        # np.maximum is just an arbitrary ufunc with no reduction identity
+        assert_equal(np.maximum.identity, None)
+        t(ok, np.maximum.reduce, 30, 30)
+        t(ok, np.maximum.reduce, 0, 30)
+        t(err, np.maximum.reduce, 30, 0)
+        t(err, np.maximum.reduce, 0, 0)
+        err(np.maximum.reduce, [])
+        np.maximum.reduce(np.zeros((0, 0)), axis=())
+
+        # all of the combinations are fine for a reduction that has an
+        # identity
+        t(ok, np.add.reduce, 30, 30)
+        t(ok, np.add.reduce, 0, 30)
+        t(ok, np.add.reduce, 30, 0)
+        t(ok, np.add.reduce, 0, 0)
+        np.add.reduce([])
+        np.add.reduce(np.zeros((0, 0)), axis=())
+
+        # OTOH, accumulate always makes sense for any combination of n and m,
+        # because it maps an m-element array to an m-element array. These
+        # tests are simpler because accumulate doesn't accept multiple axes.
+        for uf in (np.maximum, np.add):
+            uf.accumulate(np.zeros((30, 0)), axis=0)
+            uf.accumulate(np.zeros((0, 30)), axis=0)
+            uf.accumulate(np.zeros((30, 30)), axis=0)
+            uf.accumulate(np.zeros((0, 0)), axis=0)
+
+    def test_safe_casting(self):
+        # In old versions of numpy, in-place operations used the 'unsafe'
+        # casting rules. In versions >= 1.10, 'same_kind' is the
+        # default and an exception is raised instead of a warning.
+        # when 'same_kind' is not satisfied.
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=int)
+        # Non-in-place addition is fine
+        assert_array_equal(assert_no_warnings(np.add, a, 1.1),
+                           [2.1, 3.1, 4.1])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, a, 1.1, out=a)
+
+        def add_inplace(a, b):
+            a += b
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, add_inplace, a, 1.1)
+        # Make sure that explicitly overriding the exception is allowed:
+        assert_no_warnings(np.add, a, 1.1, out=a, casting="unsafe")
+        assert_array_equal(a, [2, 3, 4])
+
+    def test_ufunc_custom_out(self):
+        # Test ufunc with built in input types and custom output type
+
+        a = np.array([0, 1, 2], dtype='i8')
+        b = np.array([0, 1, 2], dtype='i8')
+        c = np.empty(3, dtype=_rational_tests.rational)
+
+        # Output must be specified so numpy knows what
+        # ufunc signature to look for
+        result = _rational_tests.test_add(a, b, c)
+        target = np.array([0, 2, 4], dtype=_rational_tests.rational)
+        assert_equal(result, target)
+
+        # The new resolution means that we can (usually) find custom loops
+        # as long as they match exactly:
+        result = _rational_tests.test_add(a, b)
+        assert_equal(result, target)
+
+        # This works even more generally, so long the default common-dtype
+        # promoter works out:
+        result = _rational_tests.test_add(a, b.astype(np.uint16), out=c)
+        assert_equal(result, target)
+
+        # But, it can be fooled, e.g. (use scalars, which forces legacy
+        # type resolution to kick in, which then fails):
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            _rational_tests.test_add(a, np.uint16(2))
+
+    def test_operand_flags(self):
+        a = np.arange(16, dtype='l').reshape(4, 4)
+        b = np.arange(9, dtype='l').reshape(3, 3)
+        opflag_tests.inplace_add(a[:-1, :-1], b)
+        assert_equal(a, np.array([[0, 2, 4, 3], [7, 9, 11, 7],
+            [14, 16, 18, 11], [12, 13, 14, 15]], dtype='l'))
+
+        a = np.array(0)
+        opflag_tests.inplace_add(a, 3)
+        assert_equal(a, 3)
+        opflag_tests.inplace_add(a, [3, 4])
+        assert_equal(a, 10)
+
+    def test_struct_ufunc(self):
+        import numpy.core._struct_ufunc_tests as struct_ufunc
+
+        a = np.array([(1, 2, 3)], dtype='u8,u8,u8')
+        b = np.array([(1, 2, 3)], dtype='u8,u8,u8')
+
+        result = struct_ufunc.add_triplet(a, b)
+        assert_equal(result, np.array([(2, 4, 6)], dtype='u8,u8,u8'))
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, struct_ufunc.register_fail)
+
+    def test_custom_ufunc(self):
+        a = np.array(
+            [_rational_tests.rational(1, 2),
+             _rational_tests.rational(1, 3),
+             _rational_tests.rational(1, 4)],
+            dtype=_rational_tests.rational)
+        b = np.array(
+            [_rational_tests.rational(1, 2),
+             _rational_tests.rational(1, 3),
+             _rational_tests.rational(1, 4)],
+            dtype=_rational_tests.rational)
+
+        result = _rational_tests.test_add_rationals(a, b)
+        expected = np.array(
+            [_rational_tests.rational(1),
+             _rational_tests.rational(2, 3),
+             _rational_tests.rational(1, 2)],
+            dtype=_rational_tests.rational)
+        assert_equal(result, expected)
+
+    def test_custom_ufunc_forced_sig(self):
+        # gh-9351 - looking for a non-first userloop would previously hang
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            np.multiply(_rational_tests.rational(1), 1,
+                        signature=(_rational_tests.rational, int, None))
+
+    def test_custom_array_like(self):
+
+        class MyThing:
+            __array_priority__ = 1000
+
+            rmul_count = 0
+            getitem_count = 0
+
+            def __init__(self, shape):
+                self.shape = shape
+
+            def __len__(self):
+                return self.shape[0]
+
+            def __getitem__(self, i):
+                MyThing.getitem_count += 1
+                if not isinstance(i, tuple):
+                    i = (i,)
+                if len(i) > self.ndim:
+                    raise IndexError("boo")
+
+                return MyThing(self.shape[len(i):])
+
+            def __rmul__(self, other):
+                MyThing.rmul_count += 1
+                return self
+
+        np.float64(5)*MyThing((3, 3))
+        assert_(MyThing.rmul_count == 1, MyThing.rmul_count)
+        assert_(MyThing.getitem_count <= 2, MyThing.getitem_count)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("a", (
+                             np.arange(10, dtype=int),
+                             np.arange(10, dtype=_rational_tests.rational),
+                             ))
+    def test_ufunc_at_basic(self, a):
+
+        aa = a.copy()
+        np.add.at(aa, [2, 5, 2], 1)
+        assert_equal(aa, [0, 1, 4, 3, 4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            # missing second operand
+            np.add.at(aa, [2, 5, 3])
+
+        aa = a.copy()
+        np.negative.at(aa, [2, 5, 3])
+        assert_equal(aa, [0, 1, -2, -3, 4, -5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+
+        aa = a.copy()
+        b = np.array([100, 100, 100])
+        np.add.at(aa, [2, 5, 2], b)
+        assert_equal(aa, [0, 1, 202, 3, 4, 105, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            # extraneous second operand
+            np.negative.at(a, [2, 5, 3], [1, 2, 3])
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            # second operand cannot be converted to an array
+            np.add.at(a, [2, 5, 3], [[1, 2], 1])
+
+    # ufuncs with indexed loops for performance in ufunc.at
+    indexed_ufuncs = [np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.floor_divide,
+                      np.maximum, np.minimum, np.fmax, np.fmin]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+                "typecode", np.typecodes['AllInteger'] + np.typecodes['Float'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc", indexed_ufuncs)
+    def test_ufunc_at_inner_loops(self, typecode, ufunc):
+        if ufunc is np.divide and typecode in np.typecodes['AllInteger']:
+            # Avoid divide-by-zero and inf for integer divide
+            a = np.ones(100, dtype=typecode)
+            indx = np.random.randint(100, size=30, dtype=np.intp)
+            vals = np.arange(1, 31, dtype=typecode)
+        else:
+            a = np.ones(1000, dtype=typecode)
+            indx = np.random.randint(1000, size=3000, dtype=np.intp)
+            vals = np.arange(3000, dtype=typecode)
+        atag = a.copy()
+        # Do the calculation twice and compare the answers
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w_at:
+            warnings.simplefilter('always')
+            ufunc.at(a, indx, vals)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w_loop:
+            warnings.simplefilter('always')
+            for i, v in zip(indx, vals):
+                # Make sure all the work happens inside the ufunc
+                # in order to duplicate error/warning handling
+                ufunc(atag[i], v, out=atag[i:i+1], casting="unsafe")
+        assert_equal(atag, a)
+        # If w_loop warned, make sure w_at warned as well
+        if len(w_loop) > 0:
+            #
+            assert len(w_at) > 0
+            assert w_at[0].category == w_loop[0].category
+            assert str(w_at[0].message)[:10] == str(w_loop[0].message)[:10]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("typecode", np.typecodes['Complex'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc", [np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply])
+    def test_ufunc_at_inner_loops_complex(self, typecode, ufunc):
+        a = np.ones(10, dtype=typecode)
+        indx = np.concatenate([np.ones(6, dtype=np.intp),
+                               np.full(18, 4, dtype=np.intp)])
+        value = a.dtype.type(1j)
+        ufunc.at(a, indx, value)
+        expected = np.ones_like(a)
+        if ufunc is np.multiply:
+            expected[1] = expected[4] = -1
+        else:
+            expected[1] += 6 * (value if ufunc is np.add else -value)
+            expected[4] += 18 * (value if ufunc is np.add else -value)
+
+        assert_array_equal(a, expected)
+
+    def test_ufunc_at_ellipsis(self):
+        # Make sure the indexed loop check does not choke on iters
+        # with subspaces
+        arr = np.zeros(5)
+        np.add.at(arr, slice(None), np.ones(5))
+        assert_array_equal(arr, np.ones(5))
+
+    def test_ufunc_at_negative(self):
+        arr = np.ones(5, dtype=np.int32)
+        indx = np.arange(5)
+        umt.indexed_negative.at(arr, indx)
+        # If it is [-1, -1, -1, -100, 0] then the regular strided loop was used
+        assert np.all(arr == [-1, -1, -1, -200, -1])
+
+    def test_ufunc_at_large(self):
+        # issue gh-23457
+        indices = np.zeros(8195, dtype=np.int16)
+        b = np.zeros(8195, dtype=float)
+        b[0] = 10
+        b[1] = 5
+        b[8192:] = 100
+        a = np.zeros(1, dtype=float)
+        np.add.at(a, indices, b)
+        assert a[0] == b.sum()
+
+    def test_cast_index_fastpath(self):
+        arr = np.zeros(10)
+        values = np.ones(100000)
+        # index must be cast, which may be buffered in chunks:
+        index = np.zeros(len(values), dtype=np.uint8)
+        np.add.at(arr, index, values)
+        assert arr[0] == len(values)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [
+        np.ones(1), np.ones(()), np.float64(1.), 1.])
+    def test_ufunc_at_scalar_value_fastpath(self, value):
+        arr = np.zeros(1000)
+        # index must be cast, which may be buffered in chunks:
+        index = np.repeat(np.arange(1000), 2)
+        np.add.at(arr, index, value)
+        assert_array_equal(arr, np.full_like(arr, 2 * value))
+
+    def test_ufunc_at_multiD(self):
+        a = np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3)
+        b = np.array([[100, 100, 100], [200, 200, 200], [300, 300, 300]])
+        np.add.at(a, (slice(None), [1, 2, 1]), b)
+        assert_equal(a, [[0, 201, 102], [3, 404, 205], [6, 607, 308]])
+
+        a = np.arange(27).reshape(3, 3, 3)
+        b = np.array([100, 200, 300])
+        np.add.at(a, (slice(None), slice(None), [1, 2, 1]), b)
+        assert_equal(a,
+            [[[0, 401, 202],
+              [3, 404, 205],
+              [6, 407, 208]],
+
+             [[9, 410, 211],
+              [12, 413, 214],
+              [15, 416, 217]],
+
+             [[18, 419, 220],
+              [21, 422, 223],
+              [24, 425, 226]]])
+
+        a = np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3)
+        b = np.array([[100, 100, 100], [200, 200, 200], [300, 300, 300]])
+        np.add.at(a, ([1, 2, 1], slice(None)), b)
+        assert_equal(a, [[0, 1, 2], [403, 404, 405], [206, 207, 208]])
+
+        a = np.arange(27).reshape(3, 3, 3)
+        b = np.array([100, 200, 300])
+        np.add.at(a, (slice(None), [1, 2, 1], slice(None)), b)
+        assert_equal(a,
+            [[[0,  1,  2],
+              [203, 404, 605],
+              [106, 207, 308]],
+
+             [[9,  10, 11],
+              [212, 413, 614],
+              [115, 216, 317]],
+
+             [[18, 19, 20],
+              [221, 422, 623],
+              [124, 225, 326]]])
+
+        a = np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3)
+        b = np.array([100, 200, 300])
+        np.add.at(a, (0, [1, 2, 1]), b)
+        assert_equal(a, [[0, 401, 202], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8]])
+
+        a = np.arange(27).reshape(3, 3, 3)
+        b = np.array([100, 200, 300])
+        np.add.at(a, ([1, 2, 1], 0, slice(None)), b)
+        assert_equal(a,
+            [[[0,  1,  2],
+              [3,  4,  5],
+              [6,  7,  8]],
+
+             [[209, 410, 611],
+              [12,  13, 14],
+              [15,  16, 17]],
+
+             [[118, 219, 320],
+              [21,  22, 23],
+              [24,  25, 26]]])
+
+        a = np.arange(27).reshape(3, 3, 3)
+        b = np.array([100, 200, 300])
+        np.add.at(a, (slice(None), slice(None), slice(None)), b)
+        assert_equal(a,
+            [[[100, 201, 302],
+              [103, 204, 305],
+              [106, 207, 308]],
+
+             [[109, 210, 311],
+              [112, 213, 314],
+              [115, 216, 317]],
+
+             [[118, 219, 320],
+              [121, 222, 323],
+              [124, 225, 326]]])
+
+    def test_ufunc_at_0D(self):
+        a = np.array(0)
+        np.add.at(a, (), 1)
+        assert_equal(a, 1)
+
+        assert_raises(IndexError, np.add.at, a, 0, 1)
+        assert_raises(IndexError, np.add.at, a, [], 1)
+
+    def test_ufunc_at_dtypes(self):
+        # Test mixed dtypes
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        np.power.at(a, [1, 2, 3, 2], 3.5)
+        assert_equal(a, np.array([0, 1, 4414, 46, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
+
+    def test_ufunc_at_boolean(self):
+        # Test boolean indexing and boolean ufuncs
+        a = np.arange(10)
+        index = a % 2 == 0
+        np.equal.at(a, index, [0, 2, 4, 6, 8])
+        assert_equal(a, [1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 9])
+
+        # Test unary operator
+        a = np.arange(10, dtype='u4')
+        np.invert.at(a, [2, 5, 2])
+        assert_equal(a, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ^ 0xffffffff, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+
+    def test_ufunc_at_advanced(self):
+        # Test empty subspace
+        orig = np.arange(4)
+        a = orig[:, None][:, 0:0]
+        np.add.at(a, [0, 1], 3)
+        assert_array_equal(orig, np.arange(4))
+
+        # Test with swapped byte order
+        index = np.array([1, 2, 1], np.dtype('i').newbyteorder())
+        values = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4], np.dtype('f').newbyteorder())
+        np.add.at(values, index, 3)
+        assert_array_equal(values, [1, 8, 6, 4])
+
+        # Test exception thrown
+        values = np.array(['a', 1], dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add.at, values, [0, 1], 1)
+        assert_array_equal(values, np.array(['a', 1], dtype=object))
+
+        # Test multiple output ufuncs raise error, gh-5665
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.modf.at, np.arange(10), [1])
+
+        # Test maximum
+        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        np.maximum.at(a, [0], 0)
+        assert_equal(a, np.array([1, 2, 3]))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype",
+            np.typecodes['AllInteger'] + np.typecodes['Float'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc",
+            [np.add, np.subtract, np.divide, np.minimum, np.maximum])
+    def test_at_negative_indexes(self, dtype, ufunc):
+        a = np.arange(0, 10).astype(dtype)
+        indxs = np.array([-1, 1, -1, 2]).astype(np.intp)
+        vals = np.array([1, 5, 2, 10], dtype=a.dtype)
+
+        expected = a.copy()
+        for i, v in zip(indxs, vals):
+            expected[i] = ufunc(expected[i], v)
+
+        ufunc.at(a, indxs, vals)
+        assert_array_equal(a, expected)
+        assert np.all(indxs == [-1, 1, -1, 2])
+
+    def test_at_not_none_signature(self):
+        # Test ufuncs with non-trivial signature raise a TypeError
+        a = np.ones((2, 2, 2))
+        b = np.ones((1, 2, 2))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.matmul.at, a, [0], b)
+
+        a = np.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]]])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.linalg._umath_linalg.det.at, a, [0])
+
+    def test_at_no_loop_for_op(self):
+        # str dtype does not have a ufunc loop for np.add
+        arr = np.ones(10, dtype=str)
+        with pytest.raises(np.core._exceptions._UFuncNoLoopError):
+            np.add.at(arr, [0, 1], [0, 1])
+
+    def test_at_output_casting(self):
+        arr = np.array([-1])
+        np.equal.at(arr, [0], [0])
+        assert arr[0] == 0
+
+    def test_at_broadcast_failure(self):
+        arr = np.arange(5)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            np.add.at(arr, [0, 1], [1, 2, 3])
+
+
+    def test_reduce_arguments(self):
+        f = np.add.reduce
+        d = np.ones((5,2), dtype=int)
+        o = np.ones((2,), dtype=d.dtype)
+        r = o * 5
+        assert_equal(f(d), r)
+        # a, axis=0, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=False
+        assert_equal(f(d, axis=0), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, dtype=None), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, dtype='i'), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, 'i'), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, out=None), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, out=o), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, o), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, None), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, None, keepdims=False), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, None, True), r.reshape((1,) + r.shape))
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, None, False, 0), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, None, False, initial=0), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, None, False, 0, True), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, None, False, 0, where=True), r)
+        # multiple keywords
+        assert_equal(f(d, axis=0, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=False), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=False), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, out=None, keepdims=False), r)
+        assert_equal(f(d, 0, None, out=None, keepdims=False, initial=0,
+                       where=True), r)
+
+        # too little
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f)
+        # too much
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, 0, None, None, False, 0, True, 1)
+        # invalid axis
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, "invalid")
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, axis="invalid")
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, axis="invalid", dtype=None,
+                      keepdims=True)
+        # invalid dtype
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, 0, "invalid")
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, dtype="invalid")
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, dtype="invalid", out=None)
+        # invalid out
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, 0, None, "invalid")
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, out="invalid")
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, out="invalid", dtype=None)
+        # keepdims boolean, no invalid value
+        # assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, 0, None, None, "invalid")
+        # assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, keepdims="invalid", axis=0, dtype=None)
+        # invalid mix
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, 0, keepdims="invalid", dtype="invalid",
+                     out=None)
+
+        # invalid keyword
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, axis=0, dtype=None, invalid=0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, invalid=0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, 0, keepdims=True, invalid="invalid",
+                      out=None)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, axis=0, dtype=None, keepdims=True,
+                      out=None, invalid=0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, f, d, axis=0, dtype=None,
+                      out=None, invalid=0)
+
+    def test_structured_equal(self):
+        # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/4855
+
+        class MyA(np.ndarray):
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                return getattr(ufunc, method)(*(input.view(np.ndarray)
+                                              for input in inputs), **kwargs)
+        a = np.arange(12.).reshape(4,3)
+        ra = a.view(dtype=('f8,f8,f8')).squeeze()
+        mra = ra.view(MyA)
+
+        target = np.array([ True, False, False, False], dtype=bool)
+        assert_equal(np.all(target == (mra == ra[0])), True)
+
+    def test_scalar_equal(self):
+        # Scalar comparisons should always work, without deprecation warnings.
+        # even when the ufunc fails.
+        a = np.array(0.)
+        b = np.array('a')
+        assert_(a != b)
+        assert_(b != a)
+        assert_(not (a == b))
+        assert_(not (b == a))
+
+    def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
+        # See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
+        # related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
+        binary_funcs = [
+            np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
+            np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
+            np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
+            np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
+            np.maximum, np.minimum, np.mod,
+            np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal,
+            np.equal, np.not_equal]
+
+        a = np.array('1')
+        b = 1
+        c = np.array([1., 2.])
+        for f in binary_funcs:
+            assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b)
+            assert_raises(TypeError, f, c, a)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc",
+             [np.logical_and, np.logical_or])  # logical_xor object loop is bad
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("signature",
+             [(None, None, object), (object, None, None),
+              (None, object, None)])
+    def test_logical_ufuncs_object_signatures(self, ufunc, signature):
+        a = np.array([True, None, False], dtype=object)
+        res = ufunc(a, a, signature=signature)
+        assert res.dtype == object
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc",
+            [np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("signature",
+                 [(bool, None, object), (object, None, bool),
+                  (None, object, bool)])
+    def test_logical_ufuncs_mixed_object_signatures(self, ufunc, signature):
+        # Most mixed signatures fail (except those with bool out, e.g. `OO->?`)
+        a = np.array([True, None, False])
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            ufunc(a, a, signature=signature)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc",
+            [np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor])
+    def test_logical_ufuncs_support_anything(self, ufunc):
+        # The logical ufuncs support even input that can't be promoted:
+        a = np.array(b'1', dtype="V3")
+        c = np.array([1., 2.])
+        assert_array_equal(ufunc(a, c), ufunc([True, True], True))
+        assert ufunc.reduce(a) == True
+        # check that the output has no effect:
+        out = np.zeros(2, dtype=np.int32)
+        expected = ufunc([True, True], True).astype(out.dtype)
+        assert_array_equal(ufunc(a, c, out=out), expected)
+        out = np.zeros((), dtype=np.int32)
+        assert ufunc.reduce(a, out=out) == True
+        # Last check, test reduction when out and a match (the complexity here
+        # is that the "i,i->?" may seem right, but should not match.
+        a = np.array([3], dtype="i")
+        out = np.zeros((), dtype=a.dtype)
+        assert ufunc.reduce(a, out=out) == 1
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc",
+            [np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor])
+    def test_logical_ufuncs_reject_string(self, ufunc):
+        """
+        Logical ufuncs are normally well defined by working with the boolean
+        equivalent, i.e. casting all inputs to bools should work.
+
+        However, casting strings to bools is *currently* weird, because it
+        actually uses `bool(int(str))`.  Thus we explicitly reject strings.
+        This test should succeed (and can probably just be removed) as soon as
+        string to bool casts are well defined in NumPy.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="contain a loop with signature"):
+            ufunc(["1"], ["3"])
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="contain a loop with signature"):
+            ufunc.reduce(["1", "2", "0"])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc",
+             [np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor])
+    def test_logical_ufuncs_out_cast_check(self, ufunc):
+        a = np.array('1')
+        c = np.array([1., 2.])
+        out = a.copy()
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            # It would be safe, but not equiv casting:
+            ufunc(a, c, out=out, casting="equiv")
+
+    def test_reducelike_byteorder_resolution(self):
+        # See gh-20699, byte-order changes need some extra care in the type
+        # resolution to make the following succeed:
+        arr_be = np.arange(10, dtype=">i8")
+        arr_le = np.arange(10, dtype="i
+        if 'O' in typ or '?' in typ:
+            continue
+        inp, out = typ.split('->')
+        args = [np.ones((3, 3), t) for t in inp]
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+            warnings.filterwarnings("always")
+            res = ufunc(*args)
+        if isinstance(res, tuple):
+            outs = tuple(out)
+            assert len(res) == len(outs)
+            for r, t in zip(res, outs):
+                assert r.dtype == np.dtype(t)
+        else:
+            assert res.dtype == np.dtype(out)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('ufunc', [getattr(np, x) for x in dir(np)
+                                if isinstance(getattr(np, x), np.ufunc)])
+@np._no_nep50_warning()
+def test_ufunc_noncontiguous(ufunc):
+    '''
+    Check that contiguous and non-contiguous calls to ufuncs
+    have the same results for values in range(9)
+    '''
+    for typ in ufunc.types:
+        # types is a list of strings like ii->i
+        if any(set('O?mM') & set(typ)):
+            # bool, object, datetime are too irregular for this simple test
+            continue
+        inp, out = typ.split('->')
+        args_c = [np.empty(6, t) for t in inp]
+        args_n = [np.empty(18, t)[::3] for t in inp]
+        for a in args_c:
+            a.flat = range(1,7)
+        for a in args_n:
+            a.flat = range(1,7)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+            warnings.filterwarnings("always")
+            res_c = ufunc(*args_c)
+            res_n = ufunc(*args_n)
+        if len(out) == 1:
+            res_c = (res_c,)
+            res_n = (res_n,)
+        for c_ar, n_ar in zip(res_c, res_n):
+            dt = c_ar.dtype
+            if np.issubdtype(dt, np.floating):
+                # for floating point results allow a small fuss in comparisons
+                # since different algorithms (libm vs. intrinsics) can be used
+                # for different input strides
+                res_eps = np.finfo(dt).eps
+                tol = 2*res_eps
+                assert_allclose(res_c, res_n, atol=tol, rtol=tol)
+            else:
+                assert_equal(c_ar, n_ar)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('ufunc', [np.sign, np.equal])
+def test_ufunc_warn_with_nan(ufunc):
+    # issue gh-15127
+    # test that calling certain ufuncs with a non-standard `nan` value does not
+    # emit a warning
+    # `b` holds a 64 bit signaling nan: the most significant bit of the
+    # significand is zero.
+    b = np.array([0x7ff0000000000001], 'i8').view('f8')
+    assert np.isnan(b)
+    if ufunc.nin == 1:
+        ufunc(b)
+    elif ufunc.nin == 2:
+        ufunc(b, b.copy())
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('ufunc with more than 2 inputs')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_REFCOUNT, reason="Python lacks refcounts")
+def test_ufunc_out_casterrors():
+    # Tests that casting errors are correctly reported and buffers are
+    # cleared.
+    # The following array can be added to itself as an object array, but
+    # the result cannot be cast to an integer output:
+    value = 123  # relies on python cache (leak-check will still find it)
+    arr = np.array([value] * int(np.BUFSIZE * 1.5) +
+                   ["string"] +
+                   [value] * int(1.5 * np.BUFSIZE), dtype=object)
+    out = np.ones(len(arr), dtype=np.intp)
+
+    count = sys.getrefcount(value)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        # Output casting failure:
+        np.add(arr, arr, out=out, casting="unsafe")
+
+    assert count == sys.getrefcount(value)
+    # output is unchanged after the error, this shows that the iteration
+    # was aborted (this is not necessarily defined behaviour)
+    assert out[-1] == 1
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        # Input casting failure:
+        np.add(arr, arr, out=out, dtype=np.intp, casting="unsafe")
+
+    assert count == sys.getrefcount(value)
+    # output is unchanged after the error, this shows that the iteration
+    # was aborted (this is not necessarily defined behaviour)
+    assert out[-1] == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bad_offset", [0, int(np.BUFSIZE * 1.5)])
+def test_ufunc_input_casterrors(bad_offset):
+    value = 123
+    arr = np.array([value] * bad_offset +
+                   ["string"] +
+                   [value] * int(1.5 * np.BUFSIZE), dtype=object)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        # Force cast inputs, but the buffered cast of `arr` to intp fails:
+        np.add(arr, arr, dtype=np.intp, casting="unsafe")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bad_offset", [0, int(np.BUFSIZE * 1.5)])
+def test_ufunc_input_floatingpoint_error(bad_offset):
+    value = 123
+    arr = np.array([value] * bad_offset +
+                   [np.nan] +
+                   [value] * int(1.5 * np.BUFSIZE))
+    with np.errstate(invalid="raise"), pytest.raises(FloatingPointError):
+        # Force cast inputs, but the buffered cast of `arr` to intp fails:
+        np.add(arr, arr, dtype=np.intp, casting="unsafe")
+
+
+def test_trivial_loop_invalid_cast():
+    # This tests the fast-path "invalid cast", see gh-19904.
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError,
+            match="cast ufunc 'add' input 0"):
+        # the void dtype definitely cannot cast to double:
+        np.add(np.array(1, "i,i"), 3, signature="dd->d")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_REFCOUNT, reason="Python lacks refcounts")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("offset",
+        [0, np.BUFSIZE//2, int(1.5*np.BUFSIZE)])
+def test_reduce_casterrors(offset):
+    # Test reporting of casting errors in reductions, we test various
+    # offsets to where the casting error will occur, since these may occur
+    # at different places during the reduction procedure. For example
+    # the first item may be special.
+    value = 123  # relies on python cache (leak-check will still find it)
+    arr = np.array([value] * offset +
+                   ["string"] +
+                   [value] * int(1.5 * np.BUFSIZE), dtype=object)
+    out = np.array(-1, dtype=np.intp)
+
+    count = sys.getrefcount(value)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid literal"):
+        # This is an unsafe cast, but we currently always allow that.
+        # Note that the double loop is picked, but the cast fails.
+        # `initial=None` disables the use of an identity here to test failures
+        # while copying the first values path (not used when identity exists).
+        np.add.reduce(arr, dtype=np.intp, out=out, initial=None)
+    assert count == sys.getrefcount(value)
+    # If an error occurred during casting, the operation is done at most until
+    # the error occurs (the result of which would be `value * offset`) and -1
+    # if the error happened immediately.
+    # This does not define behaviour, the output is invalid and thus undefined
+    assert out[()] < value * offset
+
+
+def test_object_reduce_cleanup_on_failure():
+    # Test cleanup, including of the initial value (manually provided or not)
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        np.add.reduce([1, 2, None], initial=4)
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        np.add.reduce([1, 2, None])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method",
+        [np.add.accumulate, np.add.reduce,
+         pytest.param(lambda x: np.add.reduceat(x, [0]), id="reduceat"),
+         pytest.param(lambda x: np.log.at(x, [2]), id="at")])
+def test_ufunc_methods_floaterrors(method):
+    # adding inf and -inf (or log(-inf) creates an invalid float and warns
+    arr = np.array([np.inf, 0, -np.inf])
+    with np.errstate(all="warn"):
+        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match="invalid value"):
+            method(arr)
+
+    arr = np.array([np.inf, 0, -np.inf])
+    with np.errstate(all="raise"):
+        with pytest.raises(FloatingPointError):
+            method(arr)
+
+
+def _check_neg_zero(value):
+    if value != 0.0:
+        return False
+    if not np.signbit(value.real):
+        return False
+    if value.dtype.kind == "c":
+        return np.signbit(value.imag)
+    return True
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["AllFloat"])
+def test_addition_negative_zero(dtype):
+    dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+    if dtype.kind == "c":
+        neg_zero = dtype.type(complex(-0.0, -0.0))
+    else:
+        neg_zero = dtype.type(-0.0)
+
+    arr = np.array(neg_zero)
+    arr2 = np.array(neg_zero)
+
+    assert _check_neg_zero(arr + arr2)
+    # In-place ops may end up on a different path (reduce path) see gh-21211
+    arr += arr2
+    assert _check_neg_zero(arr)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["AllFloat"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("use_initial", [True, False])
+def test_addition_reduce_negative_zero(dtype, use_initial):
+    dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+    if dtype.kind == "c":
+        neg_zero = dtype.type(complex(-0.0, -0.0))
+    else:
+        neg_zero = dtype.type(-0.0)
+
+    kwargs = {}
+    if use_initial:
+        kwargs["initial"] = neg_zero
+    else:
+        pytest.xfail("-0. propagation in sum currently requires initial")
+
+    # Test various length, in case SIMD paths or chunking play a role.
+    # 150 extends beyond the pairwise blocksize; probably not important.
+    for i in range(0, 150):
+        arr = np.array([neg_zero] * i, dtype=dtype)
+        res = np.sum(arr, **kwargs)
+        if i > 0 or use_initial:
+            assert _check_neg_zero(res)
+        else:
+            # `sum([])` should probably be 0.0 and not -0.0 like `sum([-0.0])`
+            assert not np.signbit(res.real)
+            assert not np.signbit(res.imag)
+
+class TestLowlevelAPIAccess:
+    def test_resolve_dtypes_basic(self):
+        # Basic test for dtype resolution:
+        i4 = np.dtype("i4")
+        f4 = np.dtype("f4")
+        f8 = np.dtype("f8")
+
+        r = np.add.resolve_dtypes((i4, f4, None))
+        assert r == (f8, f8, f8)
+
+        # Signature uses the same logic to parse as ufunc (less strict)
+        # the following is "same-kind" casting so works:
+        r = np.add.resolve_dtypes((
+                i4, i4, None), signature=(None, None, "f4"))
+        assert r == (f4, f4, f4)
+
+        # Check NEP 50 "weak" promotion also:
+        r = np.add.resolve_dtypes((f4, int, None))
+        assert r == (f4, f4, f4)
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.add.resolve_dtypes((i4, f4, None), casting="no")
+
+    def test_weird_dtypes(self):
+        S0 = np.dtype("S0")
+        # S0 is often converted by NumPy to S1, but not here:
+        r = np.equal.resolve_dtypes((S0, S0, None))
+        assert r == (S0, S0, np.dtype(bool))
+
+        # Subarray dtypes are weird and may not work fully, we preserve them
+        # leading to a TypeError (currently no equal loop for void/structured)
+        dts = np.dtype("10i")
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.equal.resolve_dtypes((dts, dts, None))
+
+    def test_resolve_dtypes_reduction(self):
+        i4 = np.dtype("i4")
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+            np.add.resolve_dtypes((i4, i4, i4), reduction=True)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtypes", [
+            (np.dtype("i"), np.dtype("i")),
+            (None, np.dtype("i"), np.dtype("f")),
+            (np.dtype("i"), None, np.dtype("f")),
+            ("i4", "i4", None)])
+    def test_resolve_dtypes_errors(self, dtypes):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.add.resolve_dtypes(dtypes)
+
+    def test_resolve_dtypes_reduction(self):
+        i2 = np.dtype("i2")
+        long_ = np.dtype("long")
+        # Check special addition resolution:
+        res = np.add.resolve_dtypes((None, i2, None), reduction=True)
+        assert res == (long_, long_, long_)
+
+    def test_resolve_dtypes_reduction_errors(self):
+        i2 = np.dtype("i2")
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.add.resolve_dtypes((None, i2, i2))
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.add.signature((None, None, "i4"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not hasattr(ct, "pythonapi"),
+            reason="`ctypes.pythonapi` required for capsule unpacking.")
+    def test_loop_access(self):
+        # This is a basic test for the full strided loop access
+        data_t = ct.ARRAY(ct.c_char_p, 2)
+        dim_t = ct.ARRAY(ct.c_ssize_t, 1)
+        strides_t = ct.ARRAY(ct.c_ssize_t, 2)
+        strided_loop_t = ct.CFUNCTYPE(
+                ct.c_int, ct.c_void_p, data_t, dim_t, strides_t, ct.c_void_p)
+
+        class call_info_t(ct.Structure):
+            _fields_ = [
+                ("strided_loop", strided_loop_t),
+                ("context", ct.c_void_p),
+                ("auxdata", ct.c_void_p),
+                ("requires_pyapi", ct.c_byte),
+                ("no_floatingpoint_errors", ct.c_byte),
+            ]
+
+        i4 = np.dtype("i4")
+        dt, call_info_obj = np.negative._resolve_dtypes_and_context((i4, i4))
+        assert dt == (i4, i4)  # can be used without casting
+
+        # Fill in the rest of the information:
+        np.negative._get_strided_loop(call_info_obj)
+
+        ct.pythonapi.PyCapsule_GetPointer.restype = ct.c_void_p
+        call_info = ct.pythonapi.PyCapsule_GetPointer(
+                ct.py_object(call_info_obj),
+                ct.c_char_p(b"numpy_1.24_ufunc_call_info"))
+
+        call_info = ct.cast(call_info, ct.POINTER(call_info_t)).contents
+
+        arr = np.arange(10, dtype=i4)
+        call_info.strided_loop(
+                call_info.context,
+                data_t(arr.ctypes.data, arr.ctypes.data),
+                arr.ctypes.shape,  # is a C-array with 10 here
+                strides_t(arr.ctypes.strides[0], arr.ctypes.strides[0]),
+                call_info.auxdata)
+
+        # We just directly called the negative inner-loop in-place:
+        assert_array_equal(arr, -np.arange(10, dtype=i4))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("strides", [1, (1, 2, 3), (1, "2")])
+    def test__get_strided_loop_errors_bad_strides(self, strides):
+        i4 = np.dtype("i4")
+        dt, call_info = np.negative._resolve_dtypes_and_context((i4, i4))
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="fixed_strides.*tuple.*or None"):
+            np.negative._get_strided_loop(call_info, fixed_strides=strides)
+
+    def test__get_strided_loop_errors_bad_call_info(self):
+        i4 = np.dtype("i4")
+        dt, call_info = np.negative._resolve_dtypes_and_context((i4, i4))
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="PyCapsule"):
+            np.negative._get_strided_loop("not the capsule!")
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=".*incompatible context"):
+            np.add._get_strided_loop(call_info)
+
+        np.negative._get_strided_loop(call_info)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            # cannot call it a second time:
+            np.negative._get_strided_loop(call_info)
+
+    def test_long_arrays(self):
+        t = np.zeros((1029, 917), dtype=np.single)
+        t[0][0] = 1
+        t[28][414] = 1
+        tc = np.cos(t)
+        assert_equal(tc[0][0], tc[28][414])
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_umath.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_umath.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..963e740d8dcb3be13e791f586ba5cf1448a55523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_umath.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4743 @@
+import platform
+import warnings
+import fnmatch
+import itertools
+import pytest
+import sys
+import os
+import operator
+from fractions import Fraction
+from functools import reduce
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+import numpy.core.umath as ncu
+from numpy.core import _umath_tests as ncu_tests
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_raises_regex,
+    assert_array_equal, assert_almost_equal, assert_array_almost_equal,
+    assert_array_max_ulp, assert_allclose, assert_no_warnings, suppress_warnings,
+    _gen_alignment_data, assert_array_almost_equal_nulp, IS_WASM, IS_MUSL,
+    IS_PYPY
+    )
+from numpy.testing._private.utils import _glibc_older_than
+
+UFUNCS = [obj for obj in np.core.umath.__dict__.values()
+         if isinstance(obj, np.ufunc)]
+
+UFUNCS_UNARY = [
+    uf for uf in UFUNCS if uf.nin == 1
+]
+UFUNCS_UNARY_FP = [
+    uf for uf in UFUNCS_UNARY if 'f->f' in uf.types
+]
+
+UFUNCS_BINARY = [
+    uf for uf in UFUNCS if uf.nin == 2
+]
+UFUNCS_BINARY_ACC = [
+    uf for uf in UFUNCS_BINARY if hasattr(uf, "accumulate") and uf.nout == 1
+]
+
+def interesting_binop_operands(val1, val2, dtype):
+    """
+    Helper to create "interesting" operands to cover common code paths:
+    * scalar inputs
+    * only first "values" is an array (e.g. scalar division fast-paths)
+    * Longer array (SIMD) placing the value of interest at different positions
+    * Oddly strided arrays which may not be SIMD compatible
+
+    It does not attempt to cover unaligned access or mixed dtypes.
+    These are normally handled by the casting/buffering machinery.
+
+    This is not a fixture (currently), since I believe a fixture normally
+    only yields once?
+    """
+    fill_value = 1  # could be a parameter, but maybe not an optional one?
+
+    arr1 = np.full(10003, dtype=dtype, fill_value=fill_value)
+    arr2 = np.full(10003, dtype=dtype, fill_value=fill_value)
+
+    arr1[0] = val1
+    arr2[0] = val2
+
+    extractor = lambda res: res
+    yield arr1[0], arr2[0], extractor, "scalars"
+
+    extractor = lambda res: res
+    yield arr1[0, ...], arr2[0, ...], extractor, "scalar-arrays"
+
+    # reset array values to fill_value:
+    arr1[0] = fill_value
+    arr2[0] = fill_value
+
+    for pos in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, -1, -2, -3, -4]:
+        arr1[pos] = val1
+        arr2[pos] = val2
+
+        extractor = lambda res: res[pos]
+        yield arr1, arr2, extractor, f"off-{pos}"
+        yield arr1, arr2[pos], extractor, f"off-{pos}-with-scalar"
+
+        arr1[pos] = fill_value
+        arr2[pos] = fill_value
+
+    for stride in [-1, 113]:
+        op1 = arr1[::stride]
+        op2 = arr2[::stride]
+        op1[10] = val1
+        op2[10] = val2
+
+        extractor = lambda res: res[10]
+        yield op1, op2, extractor, f"stride-{stride}"
+
+        op1[10] = fill_value
+        op2[10] = fill_value
+
+
+def on_powerpc():
+    """ True if we are running on a Power PC platform."""
+    return platform.processor() == 'powerpc' or \
+           platform.machine().startswith('ppc')
+
+
+def bad_arcsinh():
+    """The blocklisted trig functions are not accurate on aarch64/PPC for
+    complex256. Rather than dig through the actual problem skip the
+    test. This should be fixed when we can move past glibc2.17
+    which is the version in manylinux2014
+    """
+    if platform.machine() == 'aarch64':
+        x = 1.78e-10
+    elif on_powerpc():
+        x = 2.16e-10
+    else:
+        return False
+    v1 = np.arcsinh(np.float128(x))
+    v2 = np.arcsinh(np.complex256(x)).real
+    # The eps for float128 is 1-e33, so this is way bigger
+    return abs((v1 / v2) - 1.0) > 1e-23
+
+
+class _FilterInvalids:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.olderr = np.seterr(invalid='ignore')
+
+    def teardown_method(self):
+        np.seterr(**self.olderr)
+
+
+class TestConstants:
+    def test_pi(self):
+        assert_allclose(ncu.pi, 3.141592653589793, 1e-15)
+
+    def test_e(self):
+        assert_allclose(ncu.e, 2.718281828459045, 1e-15)
+
+    def test_euler_gamma(self):
+        assert_allclose(ncu.euler_gamma, 0.5772156649015329, 1e-15)
+
+
+class TestOut:
+    def test_out_subok(self):
+        for subok in (True, False):
+            a = np.array(0.5)
+            o = np.empty(())
+
+            r = np.add(a, 2, o, subok=subok)
+            assert_(r is o)
+            r = np.add(a, 2, out=o, subok=subok)
+            assert_(r is o)
+            r = np.add(a, 2, out=(o,), subok=subok)
+            assert_(r is o)
+
+            d = np.array(5.7)
+            o1 = np.empty(())
+            o2 = np.empty((), dtype=np.int32)
+
+            r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, o1, None, subok=subok)
+            assert_(r1 is o1)
+            r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, None, o2, subok=subok)
+            assert_(r2 is o2)
+            r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, o1, o2, subok=subok)
+            assert_(r1 is o1)
+            assert_(r2 is o2)
+
+            r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, out=(o1, None), subok=subok)
+            assert_(r1 is o1)
+            r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, out=(None, o2), subok=subok)
+            assert_(r2 is o2)
+            r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, out=(o1, o2), subok=subok)
+            assert_(r1 is o1)
+            assert_(r2 is o2)
+
+            with assert_raises(TypeError):
+                # Out argument must be tuple, since there are multiple outputs.
+                r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, out=o1, subok=subok)
+
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, a, 2, o, o, subok=subok)
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, a, 2, o, out=o, subok=subok)
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, a, 2, None, out=o, subok=subok)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.add, a, 2, out=(o, o), subok=subok)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.add, a, 2, out=(), subok=subok)
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, a, 2, [], subok=subok)
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, a, 2, out=[], subok=subok)
+            assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, a, 2, out=([],), subok=subok)
+            o.flags.writeable = False
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.add, a, 2, o, subok=subok)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.add, a, 2, out=o, subok=subok)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.add, a, 2, out=(o,), subok=subok)
+
+    def test_out_wrap_subok(self):
+        class ArrayWrap(np.ndarray):
+            __array_priority__ = 10
+
+            def __new__(cls, arr):
+                return np.asarray(arr).view(cls).copy()
+
+            def __array_wrap__(self, arr, context):
+                return arr.view(type(self))
+
+        for subok in (True, False):
+            a = ArrayWrap([0.5])
+
+            r = np.add(a, 2, subok=subok)
+            if subok:
+                assert_(isinstance(r, ArrayWrap))
+            else:
+                assert_(type(r) == np.ndarray)
+
+            r = np.add(a, 2, None, subok=subok)
+            if subok:
+                assert_(isinstance(r, ArrayWrap))
+            else:
+                assert_(type(r) == np.ndarray)
+
+            r = np.add(a, 2, out=None, subok=subok)
+            if subok:
+                assert_(isinstance(r, ArrayWrap))
+            else:
+                assert_(type(r) == np.ndarray)
+
+            r = np.add(a, 2, out=(None,), subok=subok)
+            if subok:
+                assert_(isinstance(r, ArrayWrap))
+            else:
+                assert_(type(r) == np.ndarray)
+
+            d = ArrayWrap([5.7])
+            o1 = np.empty((1,))
+            o2 = np.empty((1,), dtype=np.int32)
+
+            r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, o1, subok=subok)
+            if subok:
+                assert_(isinstance(r2, ArrayWrap))
+            else:
+                assert_(type(r2) == np.ndarray)
+
+            r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, o1, None, subok=subok)
+            if subok:
+                assert_(isinstance(r2, ArrayWrap))
+            else:
+                assert_(type(r2) == np.ndarray)
+
+            r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, None, o2, subok=subok)
+            if subok:
+                assert_(isinstance(r1, ArrayWrap))
+            else:
+                assert_(type(r1) == np.ndarray)
+
+            r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, out=(o1, None), subok=subok)
+            if subok:
+                assert_(isinstance(r2, ArrayWrap))
+            else:
+                assert_(type(r2) == np.ndarray)
+
+            r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, out=(None, o2), subok=subok)
+            if subok:
+                assert_(isinstance(r1, ArrayWrap))
+            else:
+                assert_(type(r1) == np.ndarray)
+
+            with assert_raises(TypeError):
+                # Out argument must be tuple, since there are multiple outputs.
+                r1, r2 = np.frexp(d, out=o1, subok=subok)
+
+
+class TestComparisons:
+    import operator
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', np.sctypes['uint'] + np.sctypes['int'] +
+                             np.sctypes['float'] + [np.bool_])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('py_comp,np_comp', [
+        (operator.lt, np.less),
+        (operator.le, np.less_equal),
+        (operator.gt, np.greater),
+        (operator.ge, np.greater_equal),
+        (operator.eq, np.equal),
+        (operator.ne, np.not_equal)
+    ])
+    def test_comparison_functions(self, dtype, py_comp, np_comp):
+        # Initialize input arrays
+        if dtype == np.bool_:
+            a = np.random.choice(a=[False, True], size=1000)
+            b = np.random.choice(a=[False, True], size=1000)
+            scalar = True
+        else:
+            a = np.random.randint(low=1, high=10, size=1000).astype(dtype)
+            b = np.random.randint(low=1, high=10, size=1000).astype(dtype)
+            scalar = 5
+        np_scalar = np.dtype(dtype).type(scalar)
+        a_lst = a.tolist()
+        b_lst = b.tolist()
+
+        # (Binary) Comparison (x1=array, x2=array)
+        comp_b = np_comp(a, b).view(np.uint8)
+        comp_b_list = [int(py_comp(x, y)) for x, y in zip(a_lst, b_lst)]
+
+        # (Scalar1) Comparison (x1=scalar, x2=array)
+        comp_s1 = np_comp(np_scalar, b).view(np.uint8)
+        comp_s1_list = [int(py_comp(scalar, x)) for x in b_lst]
+
+        # (Scalar2) Comparison (x1=array, x2=scalar)
+        comp_s2 = np_comp(a, np_scalar).view(np.uint8)
+        comp_s2_list = [int(py_comp(x, scalar)) for x in a_lst]
+
+        # Sequence: Binary, Scalar1 and Scalar2
+        assert_(comp_b.tolist() == comp_b_list,
+            f"Failed comparison ({py_comp.__name__})")
+        assert_(comp_s1.tolist() == comp_s1_list,
+            f"Failed comparison ({py_comp.__name__})")
+        assert_(comp_s2.tolist() == comp_s2_list,
+            f"Failed comparison ({py_comp.__name__})")
+
+    def test_ignore_object_identity_in_equal(self):
+        # Check comparing identical objects whose comparison
+        # is not a simple boolean, e.g., arrays that are compared elementwise.
+        a = np.array([np.array([1, 2, 3]), None], dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.equal, a, a)
+
+        # Check error raised when comparing identical non-comparable objects.
+        class FunkyType:
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                raise TypeError("I won't compare")
+
+        a = np.array([FunkyType()])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.equal, a, a)
+
+        # Check identity doesn't override comparison mismatch.
+        a = np.array([np.nan], dtype=object)
+        assert_equal(np.equal(a, a), [False])
+
+    def test_ignore_object_identity_in_not_equal(self):
+        # Check comparing identical objects whose comparison
+        # is not a simple boolean, e.g., arrays that are compared elementwise.
+        a = np.array([np.array([1, 2, 3]), None], dtype=object)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.not_equal, a, a)
+
+        # Check error raised when comparing identical non-comparable objects.
+        class FunkyType:
+            def __ne__(self, other):
+                raise TypeError("I won't compare")
+
+        a = np.array([FunkyType()])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.not_equal, a, a)
+
+        # Check identity doesn't override comparison mismatch.
+        a = np.array([np.nan], dtype=object)
+        assert_equal(np.not_equal(a, a), [True])
+
+    def test_error_in_equal_reduce(self):
+        # gh-20929
+        # make sure np.equal.reduce raises a TypeError if an array is passed
+        # without specifying the dtype
+        a = np.array([0, 0])
+        assert_equal(np.equal.reduce(a, dtype=bool), True)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.equal.reduce, a)
+
+    def test_object_dtype(self):
+        assert np.equal(1, [1], dtype=object).dtype == object
+        assert np.equal(1, [1], signature=(None, None, "O")).dtype == object
+
+    def test_object_nonbool_dtype_error(self):
+        # bool output dtype is fine of course:
+        assert np.equal(1, [1], dtype=bool).dtype == bool
+
+        # but the following are examples do not have a loop:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="No loop matching"):
+            np.equal(1, 1, dtype=np.int64)
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="No loop matching"):
+            np.equal(1, 1, sig=(None, None, "l"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtypes", ["qQ", "Qq"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('py_comp, np_comp', [
+        (operator.lt, np.less),
+        (operator.le, np.less_equal),
+        (operator.gt, np.greater),
+        (operator.ge, np.greater_equal),
+        (operator.eq, np.equal),
+        (operator.ne, np.not_equal)
+    ])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("vals", [(2**60, 2**60+1), (2**60+1, 2**60)])
+    def test_large_integer_direct_comparison(
+            self, dtypes, py_comp, np_comp, vals):
+        # Note that float(2**60) + 1 == float(2**60).
+        a1 = np.array([2**60], dtype=dtypes[0])
+        a2 = np.array([2**60 + 1], dtype=dtypes[1])
+        expected = py_comp(2**60, 2**60+1)
+
+        assert py_comp(a1, a2) == expected
+        assert np_comp(a1, a2) == expected
+        # Also check the scalars:
+        s1 = a1[0]
+        s2 = a2[0]
+        assert isinstance(s1, np.integer)
+        assert isinstance(s2, np.integer)
+        # The Python operator here is mainly interesting:
+        assert py_comp(s1, s2) == expected
+        assert np_comp(s1, s2) == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes['UnsignedInteger'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('py_comp_func, np_comp_func', [
+        (operator.lt, np.less),
+        (operator.le, np.less_equal),
+        (operator.gt, np.greater),
+        (operator.ge, np.greater_equal),
+        (operator.eq, np.equal),
+        (operator.ne, np.not_equal)
+    ])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("flip", [True, False])
+    def test_unsigned_signed_direct_comparison(
+            self, dtype, py_comp_func, np_comp_func, flip):
+        if flip:
+            py_comp = lambda x, y: py_comp_func(y, x)
+            np_comp = lambda x, y: np_comp_func(y, x)
+        else:
+            py_comp = py_comp_func
+            np_comp = np_comp_func
+
+        arr = np.array([np.iinfo(dtype).max], dtype=dtype)
+        expected = py_comp(int(arr[0]), -1)
+
+        assert py_comp(arr, -1) == expected
+        assert np_comp(arr, -1) == expected
+        scalar = arr[0]
+        assert isinstance(scalar, np.integer)
+        # The Python operator here is mainly interesting:
+        assert py_comp(scalar, -1) == expected
+        assert np_comp(scalar, -1) == expected
+
+
+class TestAdd:
+    def test_reduce_alignment(self):
+        # gh-9876
+        # make sure arrays with weird strides work with the optimizations in
+        # pairwise_sum_@TYPE@. On x86, the 'b' field will count as aligned at a
+        # 4 byte offset, even though its itemsize is 8.
+        a = np.zeros(2, dtype=[('a', np.int32), ('b', np.float64)])
+        a['a'] = -1
+        assert_equal(a['b'].sum(), 0)
+
+
+class TestDivision:
+    def test_division_int(self):
+        # int division should follow Python
+        x = np.array([5, 10, 90, 100, -5, -10, -90, -100, -120])
+        if 5 / 10 == 0.5:
+            assert_equal(x / 100, [0.05, 0.1, 0.9, 1,
+                                   -0.05, -0.1, -0.9, -1, -1.2])
+        else:
+            assert_equal(x / 100, [0, 0, 0, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -2])
+        assert_equal(x // 100, [0, 0, 0, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -2])
+        assert_equal(x % 100, [5, 10, 90, 0, 95, 90, 10, 0, 80])
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype,ex_val", itertools.product(
+        np.sctypes['int'] + np.sctypes['uint'], (
+            (
+                # dividend
+                "np.array(range(fo.max-lsize, fo.max)).astype(dtype),"
+                # divisors
+                "np.arange(lsize).astype(dtype),"
+                # scalar divisors
+                "range(15)"
+            ),
+            (
+                # dividend
+                "np.arange(fo.min, fo.min+lsize).astype(dtype),"
+                # divisors
+                "np.arange(lsize//-2, lsize//2).astype(dtype),"
+                # scalar divisors
+                "range(fo.min, fo.min + 15)"
+            ), (
+                # dividend
+                "np.array(range(fo.max-lsize, fo.max)).astype(dtype),"
+                # divisors
+                "np.arange(lsize).astype(dtype),"
+                # scalar divisors
+                "[1,3,9,13,neg, fo.min+1, fo.min//2, fo.max//3, fo.max//4]"
+            )
+        )
+    ))
+    def test_division_int_boundary(self, dtype, ex_val):
+        fo = np.iinfo(dtype)
+        neg = -1 if fo.min < 0 else 1
+        # Large enough to test SIMD loops and remainder elements
+        lsize = 512 + 7
+        a, b, divisors = eval(ex_val)
+        a_lst, b_lst = a.tolist(), b.tolist()
+
+        c_div = lambda n, d: (
+            0 if d == 0 else (
+                fo.min if (n and n == fo.min and d == -1) else n//d
+            )
+        )
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
+            ac = a.copy()
+            ac //= b
+            div_ab = a // b
+        div_lst = [c_div(x, y) for x, y in zip(a_lst, b_lst)]
+
+        msg = "Integer arrays floor division check (//)"
+        assert all(div_ab == div_lst), msg
+        msg_eq = "Integer arrays floor division check (//=)"
+        assert all(ac == div_lst), msg_eq
+
+        for divisor in divisors:
+            ac = a.copy()
+            with np.errstate(divide='ignore', over='ignore'):
+                div_a = a // divisor
+                ac //= divisor
+            div_lst = [c_div(i, divisor) for i in a_lst]
+
+            assert all(div_a == div_lst), msg
+            assert all(ac == div_lst), msg_eq
+
+        with np.errstate(divide='raise', over='raise'):
+            if 0 in b:
+                # Verify overflow case
+                with pytest.raises(FloatingPointError,
+                        match="divide by zero encountered in floor_divide"):
+                    a // b
+            else:
+                a // b
+            if fo.min and fo.min in a:
+                with pytest.raises(FloatingPointError,
+                        match='overflow encountered in floor_divide'):
+                    a // -1
+            elif fo.min:
+                a // -1
+            with pytest.raises(FloatingPointError,
+                    match="divide by zero encountered in floor_divide"):
+                a // 0
+            with pytest.raises(FloatingPointError,
+                    match="divide by zero encountered in floor_divide"):
+                ac = a.copy()
+                ac //= 0
+
+            np.array([], dtype=dtype) // 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype,ex_val", itertools.product(
+        np.sctypes['int'] + np.sctypes['uint'], (
+            "np.array([fo.max, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3], dtype=dtype)",
+            "np.array([fo.min, 1, -2, 1, 1, 2, -3]).astype(dtype)",
+            "np.arange(fo.min, fo.min+(100*10), 10, dtype=dtype)",
+            "np.array(range(fo.max-(100*7), fo.max, 7)).astype(dtype)",
+        )
+    ))
+    def test_division_int_reduce(self, dtype, ex_val):
+        fo = np.iinfo(dtype)
+        a = eval(ex_val)
+        lst = a.tolist()
+        c_div = lambda n, d: (
+            0 if d == 0 or (n and n == fo.min and d == -1) else n//d
+        )
+
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
+            div_a = np.floor_divide.reduce(a)
+        div_lst = reduce(c_div, lst)
+        msg = "Reduce floor integer division check"
+        assert div_a == div_lst, msg
+
+        with np.errstate(divide='raise', over='raise'):
+            with pytest.raises(FloatingPointError,
+                    match="divide by zero encountered in reduce"):
+                np.floor_divide.reduce(np.arange(-100, 100).astype(dtype))
+            if fo.min:
+                with pytest.raises(FloatingPointError,
+                        match='overflow encountered in reduce'):
+                    np.floor_divide.reduce(
+                        np.array([fo.min, 1, -1], dtype=dtype)
+                    )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+            "dividend,divisor,quotient",
+            [(np.timedelta64(2,'Y'), np.timedelta64(2,'M'), 12),
+             (np.timedelta64(2,'Y'), np.timedelta64(-2,'M'), -12),
+             (np.timedelta64(-2,'Y'), np.timedelta64(2,'M'), -12),
+             (np.timedelta64(-2,'Y'), np.timedelta64(-2,'M'), 12),
+             (np.timedelta64(2,'M'), np.timedelta64(-2,'Y'), -1),
+             (np.timedelta64(2,'Y'), np.timedelta64(0,'M'), 0),
+             (np.timedelta64(2,'Y'), 2, np.timedelta64(1,'Y')),
+             (np.timedelta64(2,'Y'), -2, np.timedelta64(-1,'Y')),
+             (np.timedelta64(-2,'Y'), 2, np.timedelta64(-1,'Y')),
+             (np.timedelta64(-2,'Y'), -2, np.timedelta64(1,'Y')),
+             (np.timedelta64(-2,'Y'), -2, np.timedelta64(1,'Y')),
+             (np.timedelta64(-2,'Y'), -3, np.timedelta64(0,'Y')),
+             (np.timedelta64(-2,'Y'), 0, np.timedelta64('Nat','Y')),
+            ])
+    def test_division_int_timedelta(self, dividend, divisor, quotient):
+        # If either divisor is 0 or quotient is Nat, check for division by 0
+        if divisor and (isinstance(quotient, int) or not np.isnat(quotient)):
+            msg = "Timedelta floor division check"
+            assert dividend // divisor == quotient, msg
+
+            # Test for arrays as well
+            msg = "Timedelta arrays floor division check"
+            dividend_array = np.array([dividend]*5)
+            quotient_array = np.array([quotient]*5)
+            assert all(dividend_array // divisor == quotient_array), msg
+        else:
+            if IS_WASM:
+                pytest.skip("fp errors don't work in wasm")
+            with np.errstate(divide='raise', invalid='raise'):
+                with pytest.raises(FloatingPointError):
+                    dividend // divisor
+
+    def test_division_complex(self):
+        # check that implementation is correct
+        msg = "Complex division implementation check"
+        x = np.array([1. + 1.*1j, 1. + .5*1j, 1. + 2.*1j], dtype=np.complex128)
+        assert_almost_equal(x**2/x, x, err_msg=msg)
+        # check overflow, underflow
+        msg = "Complex division overflow/underflow check"
+        x = np.array([1.e+110, 1.e-110], dtype=np.complex128)
+        y = x**2/x
+        assert_almost_equal(y/x, [1, 1], err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_zero_division_complex(self):
+        with np.errstate(invalid="ignore", divide="ignore"):
+            x = np.array([0.0], dtype=np.complex128)
+            y = 1.0/x
+            assert_(np.isinf(y)[0])
+            y = complex(np.inf, np.nan)/x
+            assert_(np.isinf(y)[0])
+            y = complex(np.nan, np.inf)/x
+            assert_(np.isinf(y)[0])
+            y = complex(np.inf, np.inf)/x
+            assert_(np.isinf(y)[0])
+            y = 0.0/x
+            assert_(np.isnan(y)[0])
+
+    def test_floor_division_complex(self):
+        # check that floor division, divmod and remainder raises type errors
+        x = np.array([.9 + 1j, -.1 + 1j, .9 + .5*1j, .9 + 2.*1j], dtype=np.complex128)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            x // 7
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.divmod(x, 7)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.remainder(x, 7)
+
+    def test_floor_division_signed_zero(self):
+        # Check that the sign bit is correctly set when dividing positive and
+        # negative zero by one.
+        x = np.zeros(10)
+        assert_equal(np.signbit(x//1), 0)
+        assert_equal(np.signbit((-x)//1), 1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(hasattr(np.__config__, "blas_ssl2_info"),
+            reason="gh-22982")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', np.typecodes['Float'])
+    def test_floor_division_errors(self, dtype):
+        fnan = np.array(np.nan, dtype=dtype)
+        fone = np.array(1.0, dtype=dtype)
+        fzer = np.array(0.0, dtype=dtype)
+        finf = np.array(np.inf, dtype=dtype)
+        # divide by zero error check
+        with np.errstate(divide='raise', invalid='ignore'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.floor_divide, fone, fzer)
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='raise'):
+            np.floor_divide(fone, fzer)
+
+        # The following already contain a NaN and should not warn
+        with np.errstate(all='raise'):
+            np.floor_divide(fnan, fone)
+            np.floor_divide(fone, fnan)
+            np.floor_divide(fnan, fzer)
+            np.floor_divide(fzer, fnan)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', np.typecodes['Float'])
+    def test_floor_division_corner_cases(self, dtype):
+        # test corner cases like 1.0//0.0 for errors and return vals
+        x = np.zeros(10, dtype=dtype)
+        y = np.ones(10, dtype=dtype)
+        fnan = np.array(np.nan, dtype=dtype)
+        fone = np.array(1.0, dtype=dtype)
+        fzer = np.array(0.0, dtype=dtype)
+        finf = np.array(np.inf, dtype=dtype)
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "invalid value encountered in floor_divide")
+            div = np.floor_divide(fnan, fone)
+            assert(np.isnan(div)), "dt: %s, div: %s" % (dt, div)
+            div = np.floor_divide(fone, fnan)
+            assert(np.isnan(div)), "dt: %s, div: %s" % (dt, div)
+            div = np.floor_divide(fnan, fzer)
+            assert(np.isnan(div)), "dt: %s, div: %s" % (dt, div)
+        # verify 1.0//0.0 computations return inf
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
+            z = np.floor_divide(y, x)
+            assert_(np.isinf(z).all())
+
+def floor_divide_and_remainder(x, y):
+    return (np.floor_divide(x, y), np.remainder(x, y))
+
+
+def _signs(dt):
+    if dt in np.typecodes['UnsignedInteger']:
+        return (+1,)
+    else:
+        return (+1, -1)
+
+
+class TestRemainder:
+
+    def test_remainder_basic(self):
+        dt = np.typecodes['AllInteger'] + np.typecodes['Float']
+        for op in [floor_divide_and_remainder, np.divmod]:
+            for dt1, dt2 in itertools.product(dt, dt):
+                for sg1, sg2 in itertools.product(_signs(dt1), _signs(dt2)):
+                    fmt = 'op: %s, dt1: %s, dt2: %s, sg1: %s, sg2: %s'
+                    msg = fmt % (op.__name__, dt1, dt2, sg1, sg2)
+                    a = np.array(sg1*71, dtype=dt1)
+                    b = np.array(sg2*19, dtype=dt2)
+                    div, rem = op(a, b)
+                    assert_equal(div*b + rem, a, err_msg=msg)
+                    if sg2 == -1:
+                        assert_(b < rem <= 0, msg)
+                    else:
+                        assert_(b > rem >= 0, msg)
+
+    def test_float_remainder_exact(self):
+        # test that float results are exact for small integers. This also
+        # holds for the same integers scaled by powers of two.
+        nlst = list(range(-127, 0))
+        plst = list(range(1, 128))
+        dividend = nlst + [0] + plst
+        divisor = nlst + plst
+        arg = list(itertools.product(dividend, divisor))
+        tgt = list(divmod(*t) for t in arg)
+
+        a, b = np.array(arg, dtype=int).T
+        # convert exact integer results from Python to float so that
+        # signed zero can be used, it is checked.
+        tgtdiv, tgtrem = np.array(tgt, dtype=float).T
+        tgtdiv = np.where((tgtdiv == 0.0) & ((b < 0) ^ (a < 0)), -0.0, tgtdiv)
+        tgtrem = np.where((tgtrem == 0.0) & (b < 0), -0.0, tgtrem)
+
+        for op in [floor_divide_and_remainder, np.divmod]:
+            for dt in np.typecodes['Float']:
+                msg = 'op: %s, dtype: %s' % (op.__name__, dt)
+                fa = a.astype(dt)
+                fb = b.astype(dt)
+                div, rem = op(fa, fb)
+                assert_equal(div, tgtdiv, err_msg=msg)
+                assert_equal(rem, tgtrem, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_float_remainder_roundoff(self):
+        # gh-6127
+        dt = np.typecodes['Float']
+        for op in [floor_divide_and_remainder, np.divmod]:
+            for dt1, dt2 in itertools.product(dt, dt):
+                for sg1, sg2 in itertools.product((+1, -1), (+1, -1)):
+                    fmt = 'op: %s, dt1: %s, dt2: %s, sg1: %s, sg2: %s'
+                    msg = fmt % (op.__name__, dt1, dt2, sg1, sg2)
+                    a = np.array(sg1*78*6e-8, dtype=dt1)
+                    b = np.array(sg2*6e-8, dtype=dt2)
+                    div, rem = op(a, b)
+                    # Equal assertion should hold when fmod is used
+                    assert_equal(div*b + rem, a, err_msg=msg)
+                    if sg2 == -1:
+                        assert_(b < rem <= 0, msg)
+                    else:
+                        assert_(b > rem >= 0, msg)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(sys.platform.startswith("darwin"),
+            reason="MacOS seems to not give the correct 'invalid' warning for "
+                   "`fmod`.  Hopefully, others always do.")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', np.typecodes['Float'])
+    def test_float_divmod_errors(self, dtype):
+        # Check valid errors raised for divmod and remainder
+        fzero = np.array(0.0, dtype=dtype)
+        fone = np.array(1.0, dtype=dtype)
+        finf = np.array(np.inf, dtype=dtype)
+        fnan = np.array(np.nan, dtype=dtype)
+        # since divmod is combination of both remainder and divide
+        # ops it will set both dividebyzero and invalid flags
+        with np.errstate(divide='raise', invalid='ignore'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.divmod, fone, fzero)
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='raise'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.divmod, fone, fzero)
+        with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.divmod, fzero, fzero)
+        with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.divmod, finf, finf)
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='raise'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.divmod, finf, fzero)
+        with np.errstate(divide='raise', invalid='ignore'):
+            # inf / 0 does not set any flags, only the modulo creates a NaN
+            np.divmod(finf, fzero)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(hasattr(np.__config__, "blas_ssl2_info"),
+            reason="gh-22982")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(sys.platform.startswith("darwin"),
+           reason="MacOS seems to not give the correct 'invalid' warning for "
+                  "`fmod`.  Hopefully, others always do.")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', np.typecodes['Float'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('fn', [np.fmod, np.remainder])
+    def test_float_remainder_errors(self, dtype, fn):
+        fzero = np.array(0.0, dtype=dtype)
+        fone = np.array(1.0, dtype=dtype)
+        finf = np.array(np.inf, dtype=dtype)
+        fnan = np.array(np.nan, dtype=dtype)
+
+        # The following already contain a NaN and should not warn.
+        with np.errstate(all='raise'):
+            with pytest.raises(FloatingPointError,
+                    match="invalid value"):
+                fn(fone, fzero)
+            fn(fnan, fzero)
+            fn(fzero, fnan)
+            fn(fone, fnan)
+            fn(fnan, fone)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_float_remainder_overflow(self):
+        a = np.finfo(np.float64).tiny
+        with np.errstate(over='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+            div, mod = np.divmod(4, a)
+            np.isinf(div)
+            assert_(mod == 0)
+        with np.errstate(over='raise', invalid='ignore'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.divmod, 4, a)
+        with np.errstate(invalid='raise', over='ignore'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.divmod, 4, a)
+
+    def test_float_divmod_corner_cases(self):
+        # check nan cases
+        for dt in np.typecodes['Float']:
+            fnan = np.array(np.nan, dtype=dt)
+            fone = np.array(1.0, dtype=dt)
+            fzer = np.array(0.0, dtype=dt)
+            finf = np.array(np.inf, dtype=dt)
+            with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+                sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "invalid value encountered in divmod")
+                sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "divide by zero encountered in divmod")
+                div, rem = np.divmod(fone, fzer)
+                assert(np.isinf(div)), 'dt: %s, div: %s' % (dt, rem)
+                assert(np.isnan(rem)), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem)
+                div, rem = np.divmod(fzer, fzer)
+                assert(np.isnan(rem)), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem)
+                assert_(np.isnan(div)), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem)
+                div, rem = np.divmod(finf, finf)
+                assert(np.isnan(div)), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem)
+                assert(np.isnan(rem)), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem)
+                div, rem = np.divmod(finf, fzer)
+                assert(np.isinf(div)), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem)
+                assert(np.isnan(rem)), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem)
+                div, rem = np.divmod(fnan, fone)
+                assert(np.isnan(rem)), "dt: %s, rem: %s" % (dt, rem)
+                assert(np.isnan(div)), "dt: %s, rem: %s" % (dt, rem)
+                div, rem = np.divmod(fone, fnan)
+                assert(np.isnan(rem)), "dt: %s, rem: %s" % (dt, rem)
+                assert(np.isnan(div)), "dt: %s, rem: %s" % (dt, rem)
+                div, rem = np.divmod(fnan, fzer)
+                assert(np.isnan(rem)), "dt: %s, rem: %s" % (dt, rem)
+                assert(np.isnan(div)), "dt: %s, rem: %s" % (dt, rem)
+
+    def test_float_remainder_corner_cases(self):
+        # Check remainder magnitude.
+        for dt in np.typecodes['Float']:
+            fone = np.array(1.0, dtype=dt)
+            fzer = np.array(0.0, dtype=dt)
+            fnan = np.array(np.nan, dtype=dt)
+            b = np.array(1.0, dtype=dt)
+            a = np.nextafter(np.array(0.0, dtype=dt), -b)
+            rem = np.remainder(a, b)
+            assert_(rem <= b, 'dt: %s' % dt)
+            rem = np.remainder(-a, -b)
+            assert_(rem >= -b, 'dt: %s' % dt)
+
+        # Check nans, inf
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "invalid value encountered in remainder")
+            sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "invalid value encountered in fmod")
+            for dt in np.typecodes['Float']:
+                fone = np.array(1.0, dtype=dt)
+                fzer = np.array(0.0, dtype=dt)
+                finf = np.array(np.inf, dtype=dt)
+                fnan = np.array(np.nan, dtype=dt)
+                rem = np.remainder(fone, fzer)
+                assert_(np.isnan(rem), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem))
+                # MSVC 2008 returns NaN here, so disable the check.
+                #rem = np.remainder(fone, finf)
+                #assert_(rem == fone, 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem))
+                rem = np.remainder(finf, fone)
+                fmod = np.fmod(finf, fone)
+                assert_(np.isnan(fmod), 'dt: %s, fmod: %s' % (dt, fmod))
+                assert_(np.isnan(rem), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem))
+                rem = np.remainder(finf, finf)
+                fmod = np.fmod(finf, fone)
+                assert_(np.isnan(rem), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem))
+                assert_(np.isnan(fmod), 'dt: %s, fmod: %s' % (dt, fmod))
+                rem = np.remainder(finf, fzer)
+                fmod = np.fmod(finf, fzer)
+                assert_(np.isnan(rem), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem))
+                assert_(np.isnan(fmod), 'dt: %s, fmod: %s' % (dt, fmod))
+                rem = np.remainder(fone, fnan)
+                fmod = np.fmod(fone, fnan)
+                assert_(np.isnan(rem), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem))
+                assert_(np.isnan(fmod), 'dt: %s, fmod: %s' % (dt, fmod))
+                rem = np.remainder(fnan, fzer)
+                fmod = np.fmod(fnan, fzer)
+                assert_(np.isnan(rem), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem))
+                assert_(np.isnan(fmod), 'dt: %s, fmod: %s' % (dt, rem))
+                rem = np.remainder(fnan, fone)
+                fmod = np.fmod(fnan, fone)
+                assert_(np.isnan(rem), 'dt: %s, rem: %s' % (dt, rem))
+                assert_(np.isnan(fmod), 'dt: %s, fmod: %s' % (dt, rem))
+
+
+class TestDivisionIntegerOverflowsAndDivideByZero:
+    result_type = namedtuple('result_type',
+            ['nocast', 'casted'])
+    helper_lambdas = {
+        'zero': lambda dtype: 0,
+        'min': lambda dtype: np.iinfo(dtype).min,
+        'neg_min': lambda dtype: -np.iinfo(dtype).min,
+        'min-zero': lambda dtype: (np.iinfo(dtype).min, 0),
+        'neg_min-zero': lambda dtype: (-np.iinfo(dtype).min, 0),
+    }
+    overflow_results = {
+        np.remainder: result_type(
+            helper_lambdas['zero'], helper_lambdas['zero']),
+        np.fmod: result_type(
+            helper_lambdas['zero'], helper_lambdas['zero']),
+        operator.mod: result_type(
+            helper_lambdas['zero'], helper_lambdas['zero']),
+        operator.floordiv: result_type(
+            helper_lambdas['min'], helper_lambdas['neg_min']),
+        np.floor_divide: result_type(
+            helper_lambdas['min'], helper_lambdas['neg_min']),
+        np.divmod: result_type(
+            helper_lambdas['min-zero'], helper_lambdas['neg_min-zero'])
+    }
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["Integer"])
+    def test_signed_division_overflow(self, dtype):
+        to_check = interesting_binop_operands(np.iinfo(dtype).min, -1, dtype)
+        for op1, op2, extractor, operand_identifier in to_check:
+            with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match="overflow encountered"):
+                res = op1 // op2
+
+            assert res.dtype == op1.dtype
+            assert extractor(res) == np.iinfo(op1.dtype).min
+
+            # Remainder is well defined though, and does not warn:
+            res = op1 % op2
+            assert res.dtype == op1.dtype
+            assert extractor(res) == 0
+            # Check fmod as well:
+            res = np.fmod(op1, op2)
+            assert extractor(res) == 0
+
+            # Divmod warns for the division part:
+            with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match="overflow encountered"):
+                res1, res2 = np.divmod(op1, op2)
+
+            assert res1.dtype == res2.dtype == op1.dtype
+            assert extractor(res1) == np.iinfo(op1.dtype).min
+            assert extractor(res2) == 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", np.typecodes["AllInteger"])
+    def test_divide_by_zero(self, dtype):
+        # Note that the return value cannot be well defined here, but NumPy
+        # currently uses 0 consistently.  This could be changed.
+        to_check = interesting_binop_operands(1, 0, dtype)
+        for op1, op2, extractor, operand_identifier in to_check:
+            with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match="divide by zero"):
+                res = op1 // op2
+
+            assert res.dtype == op1.dtype
+            assert extractor(res) == 0
+
+            with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning, match="divide by zero"):
+                res1, res2 = np.divmod(op1, op2)
+
+            assert res1.dtype == res2.dtype == op1.dtype
+            assert extractor(res1) == 0
+            assert extractor(res2) == 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dividend_dtype",
+            np.sctypes['int'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("divisor_dtype",
+            np.sctypes['int'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("operation",
+            [np.remainder, np.fmod, np.divmod, np.floor_divide,
+             operator.mod, operator.floordiv])
+    @np.errstate(divide='warn', over='warn')
+    def test_overflows(self, dividend_dtype, divisor_dtype, operation):
+        # SIMD tries to perform the operation on as many elements as possible
+        # that is a multiple of the register's size. We resort to the
+        # default implementation for the leftover elements.
+        # We try to cover all paths here.
+        arrays = [np.array([np.iinfo(dividend_dtype).min]*i,
+                           dtype=dividend_dtype) for i in range(1, 129)]
+        divisor = np.array([-1], dtype=divisor_dtype)
+        # If dividend is a larger type than the divisor (`else` case),
+        # then, result will be a larger type than dividend and will not
+        # result in an overflow for `divmod` and `floor_divide`.
+        if np.dtype(dividend_dtype).itemsize >= np.dtype(
+                divisor_dtype).itemsize and operation in (
+                        np.divmod, np.floor_divide, operator.floordiv):
+            with pytest.warns(
+                    RuntimeWarning,
+                    match="overflow encountered in"):
+                result = operation(
+                            dividend_dtype(np.iinfo(dividend_dtype).min),
+                            divisor_dtype(-1)
+                        )
+                assert result == self.overflow_results[operation].nocast(
+                        dividend_dtype)
+
+            # Arrays
+            for a in arrays:
+                # In case of divmod, we need to flatten the result
+                # column first as we get a column vector of quotient and
+                # remainder and a normal flatten of the expected result.
+                with pytest.warns(
+                        RuntimeWarning,
+                        match="overflow encountered in"):
+                    result = np.array(operation(a, divisor)).flatten('f')
+                    expected_array = np.array(
+                            [self.overflow_results[operation].nocast(
+                                dividend_dtype)]*len(a)).flatten()
+                    assert_array_equal(result, expected_array)
+        else:
+            # Scalars
+            result = operation(
+                        dividend_dtype(np.iinfo(dividend_dtype).min),
+                        divisor_dtype(-1)
+                    )
+            assert result == self.overflow_results[operation].casted(
+                    dividend_dtype)
+
+            # Arrays
+            for a in arrays:
+                # See above comment on flatten
+                result = np.array(operation(a, divisor)).flatten('f')
+                expected_array = np.array(
+                        [self.overflow_results[operation].casted(
+                            dividend_dtype)]*len(a)).flatten()
+                assert_array_equal(result, expected_array)
+
+
+class TestCbrt:
+    def test_cbrt_scalar(self):
+        assert_almost_equal((np.cbrt(np.float32(-2.5)**3)), -2.5)
+
+    def test_cbrt(self):
+        x = np.array([1., 2., -3., np.inf, -np.inf])
+        assert_almost_equal(np.cbrt(x**3), x)
+
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.cbrt(np.nan)))
+        assert_equal(np.cbrt(np.inf), np.inf)
+        assert_equal(np.cbrt(-np.inf), -np.inf)
+
+
+class TestPower:
+    def test_power_float(self):
+        x = np.array([1., 2., 3.])
+        assert_equal(x**0, [1., 1., 1.])
+        assert_equal(x**1, x)
+        assert_equal(x**2, [1., 4., 9.])
+        y = x.copy()
+        y **= 2
+        assert_equal(y, [1., 4., 9.])
+        assert_almost_equal(x**(-1), [1., 0.5, 1./3])
+        assert_almost_equal(x**(0.5), [1., ncu.sqrt(2), ncu.sqrt(3)])
+
+        for out, inp, msg in _gen_alignment_data(dtype=np.float32,
+                                                 type='unary',
+                                                 max_size=11):
+            exp = [ncu.sqrt(i) for i in inp]
+            assert_almost_equal(inp**(0.5), exp, err_msg=msg)
+            np.sqrt(inp, out=out)
+            assert_equal(out, exp, err_msg=msg)
+
+        for out, inp, msg in _gen_alignment_data(dtype=np.float64,
+                                                 type='unary',
+                                                 max_size=7):
+            exp = [ncu.sqrt(i) for i in inp]
+            assert_almost_equal(inp**(0.5), exp, err_msg=msg)
+            np.sqrt(inp, out=out)
+            assert_equal(out, exp, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_power_complex(self):
+        x = np.array([1+2j, 2+3j, 3+4j])
+        assert_equal(x**0, [1., 1., 1.])
+        assert_equal(x**1, x)
+        assert_almost_equal(x**2, [-3+4j, -5+12j, -7+24j])
+        assert_almost_equal(x**3, [(1+2j)**3, (2+3j)**3, (3+4j)**3])
+        assert_almost_equal(x**4, [(1+2j)**4, (2+3j)**4, (3+4j)**4])
+        assert_almost_equal(x**(-1), [1/(1+2j), 1/(2+3j), 1/(3+4j)])
+        assert_almost_equal(x**(-2), [1/(1+2j)**2, 1/(2+3j)**2, 1/(3+4j)**2])
+        assert_almost_equal(x**(-3), [(-11+2j)/125, (-46-9j)/2197,
+                                      (-117-44j)/15625])
+        assert_almost_equal(x**(0.5), [ncu.sqrt(1+2j), ncu.sqrt(2+3j),
+                                       ncu.sqrt(3+4j)])
+        norm = 1./((x**14)[0])
+        assert_almost_equal(x**14 * norm,
+                [i * norm for i in [-76443+16124j, 23161315+58317492j,
+                                    5583548873 + 2465133864j]])
+
+        # Ticket #836
+        def assert_complex_equal(x, y):
+            assert_array_equal(x.real, y.real)
+            assert_array_equal(x.imag, y.imag)
+
+        for z in [complex(0, np.inf), complex(1, np.inf)]:
+            z = np.array([z], dtype=np.complex_)
+            with np.errstate(invalid="ignore"):
+                assert_complex_equal(z**1, z)
+                assert_complex_equal(z**2, z*z)
+                assert_complex_equal(z**3, z*z*z)
+
+    def test_power_zero(self):
+        # ticket #1271
+        zero = np.array([0j])
+        one = np.array([1+0j])
+        cnan = np.array([complex(np.nan, np.nan)])
+        # FIXME cinf not tested.
+        #cinf = np.array([complex(np.inf, 0)])
+
+        def assert_complex_equal(x, y):
+            x, y = np.asarray(x), np.asarray(y)
+            assert_array_equal(x.real, y.real)
+            assert_array_equal(x.imag, y.imag)
+
+        # positive powers
+        for p in [0.33, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.6]:
+            assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, p), zero)
+
+        # zero power
+        assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, 0), one)
+        with np.errstate(invalid="ignore"):
+            assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, 0+1j), cnan)
+
+            # negative power
+            for p in [0.33, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.6]:
+                assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, -p), cnan)
+            assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, -1+0.2j), cnan)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_zero_power_nonzero(self):
+        # Testing 0^{Non-zero} issue 18378
+        zero = np.array([0.0+0.0j])
+        cnan = np.array([complex(np.nan, np.nan)])
+
+        def assert_complex_equal(x, y):
+            assert_array_equal(x.real, y.real)
+            assert_array_equal(x.imag, y.imag)
+
+        #Complex powers with positive real part will not generate a warning
+        assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, 1+4j), zero)
+        assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, 2-3j), zero)
+        #Testing zero values when real part is greater than zero
+        assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, 1+1j), zero)
+        assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, 1+0j), zero)
+        assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, 1-1j), zero)
+        #Complex powers will negative real part or 0 (provided imaginary
+        # part is not zero) will generate a NAN and hence a RUNTIME warning
+        with pytest.warns(expected_warning=RuntimeWarning) as r:
+            assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, -1+1j), cnan)
+            assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, -2-3j), cnan)
+            assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, -7+0j), cnan)
+            assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, 0+1j), cnan)
+            assert_complex_equal(np.power(zero, 0-1j), cnan)
+        assert len(r) == 5
+
+    def test_fast_power(self):
+        x = np.array([1, 2, 3], np.int16)
+        res = x**2.0
+        assert_((x**2.00001).dtype is res.dtype)
+        assert_array_equal(res, [1, 4, 9])
+        # check the inplace operation on the casted copy doesn't mess with x
+        assert_(not np.may_share_memory(res, x))
+        assert_array_equal(x, [1, 2, 3])
+
+        # Check that the fast path ignores 1-element not 0-d arrays
+        res = x ** np.array([[[2]]])
+        assert_equal(res.shape, (1, 1, 3))
+
+    def test_integer_power(self):
+        a = np.array([15, 15], 'i8')
+        b = np.power(a, a)
+        assert_equal(b, [437893890380859375, 437893890380859375])
+
+    def test_integer_power_with_integer_zero_exponent(self):
+        dtypes = np.typecodes['Integer']
+        for dt in dtypes:
+            arr = np.arange(-10, 10, dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.power(arr, 0), np.ones_like(arr))
+
+        dtypes = np.typecodes['UnsignedInteger']
+        for dt in dtypes:
+            arr = np.arange(10, dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.power(arr, 0), np.ones_like(arr))
+
+    def test_integer_power_of_1(self):
+        dtypes = np.typecodes['AllInteger']
+        for dt in dtypes:
+            arr = np.arange(10, dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.power(1, arr), np.ones_like(arr))
+
+    def test_integer_power_of_zero(self):
+        dtypes = np.typecodes['AllInteger']
+        for dt in dtypes:
+            arr = np.arange(1, 10, dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.power(0, arr), np.zeros_like(arr))
+
+    def test_integer_to_negative_power(self):
+        dtypes = np.typecodes['Integer']
+        for dt in dtypes:
+            a = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3], dtype=dt)
+            b = np.array([0, 1, 2, -3], dtype=dt)
+            one = np.array(1, dtype=dt)
+            minusone = np.array(-1, dtype=dt)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.power, a, b)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.power, a, minusone)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.power, one, b)
+            assert_raises(ValueError, np.power, one, minusone)
+
+    def test_float_to_inf_power(self):
+        for dt in [np.float32, np.float64]:
+            a = np.array([1, 1, 2, 2, -2, -2, np.inf, -np.inf], dt)
+            b = np.array([np.inf, -np.inf, np.inf, -np.inf,
+                                np.inf, -np.inf, np.inf, -np.inf], dt)
+            r = np.array([1, 1, np.inf, 0, np.inf, 0, np.inf, 0], dt)
+            assert_equal(np.power(a, b), r)
+
+
+class TestFloat_power:
+    def test_type_conversion(self):
+        arg_type = '?bhilBHILefdgFDG'
+        res_type = 'ddddddddddddgDDG'
+        for dtin, dtout in zip(arg_type, res_type):
+            msg = "dtin: %s, dtout: %s" % (dtin, dtout)
+            arg = np.ones(1, dtype=dtin)
+            res = np.float_power(arg, arg)
+            assert_(res.dtype.name == np.dtype(dtout).name, msg)
+
+
+class TestLog2:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dt', ['f', 'd', 'g'])
+    def test_log2_values(self, dt):
+        x = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024]
+        y = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+        xf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+        yf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log2(xf), yf)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("i", range(1, 65))
+    def test_log2_ints(self, i):
+        # a good log2 implementation should provide this,
+        # might fail on OS with bad libm
+        v = np.log2(2.**i)
+        assert_equal(v, float(i), err_msg='at exponent %d' % i)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_log2_special(self):
+        assert_equal(np.log2(1.), 0.)
+        assert_equal(np.log2(np.inf), np.inf)
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.log2(np.nan)))
+
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', RuntimeWarning)
+            assert_(np.isnan(np.log2(-1.)))
+            assert_(np.isnan(np.log2(-np.inf)))
+            assert_equal(np.log2(0.), -np.inf)
+            assert_(w[0].category is RuntimeWarning)
+            assert_(w[1].category is RuntimeWarning)
+            assert_(w[2].category is RuntimeWarning)
+
+
+class TestExp2:
+    def test_exp2_values(self):
+        x = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024]
+        y = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+        for dt in ['f', 'd', 'g']:
+            xf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+            yf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.exp2(yf), xf)
+
+
+class TestLogAddExp2(_FilterInvalids):
+    # Need test for intermediate precisions
+    def test_logaddexp2_values(self):
+        x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+        y = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
+        z = [6, 6, 6, 6, 6]
+        for dt, dec_ in zip(['f', 'd', 'g'], [6, 15, 15]):
+            xf = np.log2(np.array(x, dtype=dt))
+            yf = np.log2(np.array(y, dtype=dt))
+            zf = np.log2(np.array(z, dtype=dt))
+            assert_almost_equal(np.logaddexp2(xf, yf), zf, decimal=dec_)
+
+    def test_logaddexp2_range(self):
+        x = [1000000, -1000000, 1000200, -1000200]
+        y = [1000200, -1000200, 1000000, -1000000]
+        z = [1000200, -1000000, 1000200, -1000000]
+        for dt in ['f', 'd', 'g']:
+            logxf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+            logyf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+            logzf = np.array(z, dtype=dt)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.logaddexp2(logxf, logyf), logzf)
+
+    def test_inf(self):
+        inf = np.inf
+        x = [inf, -inf,  inf, -inf, inf, 1,  -inf,  1]
+        y = [inf,  inf, -inf, -inf, 1,   inf, 1,   -inf]
+        z = [inf,  inf,  inf, -inf, inf, inf, 1,    1]
+        with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+            for dt in ['f', 'd', 'g']:
+                logxf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+                logyf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+                logzf = np.array(z, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.logaddexp2(logxf, logyf), logzf)
+
+    def test_nan(self):
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.logaddexp2(np.nan, np.inf)))
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.logaddexp2(np.inf, np.nan)))
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.logaddexp2(np.nan, 0)))
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.logaddexp2(0, np.nan)))
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.logaddexp2(np.nan, np.nan)))
+
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        assert_equal(np.logaddexp2.identity, -np.inf)
+        assert_equal(np.logaddexp2.reduce([]), -np.inf)
+        assert_equal(np.logaddexp2.reduce([-np.inf]), -np.inf)
+        assert_equal(np.logaddexp2.reduce([-np.inf, 0]), 0)
+
+
+class TestLog:
+    def test_log_values(self):
+        x = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024]
+        y = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+        for dt in ['f', 'd', 'g']:
+            log2_ = 0.69314718055994530943
+            xf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+            yf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)*log2_
+            assert_almost_equal(np.log(xf), yf)
+
+        # test aliasing(issue #17761)
+        x = np.array([2, 0.937500, 3, 0.947500, 1.054697])
+        xf = np.log(x)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x, out=x), xf)
+
+        # test log() of max for dtype does not raise
+        for dt in ['f', 'd', 'g']:
+            try:
+                with np.errstate(all='raise'):
+                    x = np.finfo(dt).max
+                    np.log(x)
+            except FloatingPointError as exc:
+                if dt == 'g' and IS_MUSL:
+                    # FloatingPointError is known to occur on longdouble
+                    # for musllinux_x86_64 x is very large
+                    pytest.skip(
+                        "Overflow has occurred for"
+                        " np.log(np.finfo(np.longdouble).max)"
+                    )
+                else:
+                    raise exc
+
+    def test_log_strides(self):
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        strides = np.array([-4,-3,-2,-1,1,2,3,4])
+        sizes = np.arange(2,100)
+        for ii in sizes:
+            x_f64 = np.float64(np.random.uniform(low=0.01, high=100.0,size=ii))
+            x_special = x_f64.copy()
+            x_special[3:-1:4] = 1.0
+            y_true = np.log(x_f64)
+            y_special = np.log(x_special)
+            for jj in strides:
+                assert_array_almost_equal_nulp(np.log(x_f64[::jj]), y_true[::jj], nulp=2)
+                assert_array_almost_equal_nulp(np.log(x_special[::jj]), y_special[::jj], nulp=2)
+
+class TestExp:
+    def test_exp_values(self):
+        x = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024]
+        y = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+        for dt in ['f', 'd', 'g']:
+            log2_ = 0.69314718055994530943
+            xf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+            yf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)*log2_
+            assert_almost_equal(np.exp(yf), xf)
+
+    def test_exp_strides(self):
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        strides = np.array([-4,-3,-2,-1,1,2,3,4])
+        sizes = np.arange(2,100)
+        for ii in sizes:
+            x_f64 = np.float64(np.random.uniform(low=0.01, high=709.1,size=ii))
+            y_true = np.exp(x_f64)
+            for jj in strides:
+                assert_array_almost_equal_nulp(np.exp(x_f64[::jj]), y_true[::jj], nulp=2)
+
+class TestSpecialFloats:
+    def test_exp_values(self):
+        with np.errstate(under='raise', over='raise'):
+            x = [np.nan,  np.nan, np.inf, 0.]
+            y = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd', 'g']:
+                xf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+                yf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.exp(yf), xf)
+
+    # See: https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/19192
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(
+        _glibc_older_than("2.17"),
+        reason="Older glibc versions may not raise appropriate FP exceptions"
+    )
+    def test_exp_exceptions(self):
+        with np.errstate(over='raise'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.exp, np.float16(11.0899))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.exp, np.float32(100.))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.exp, np.float32(1E19))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.exp, np.float64(800.))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.exp, np.float64(1E19))
+
+        with np.errstate(under='raise'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.exp, np.float16(-17.5))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.exp, np.float32(-1000.))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.exp, np.float32(-1E19))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.exp, np.float64(-1000.))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.exp, np.float64(-1E19))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_log_values(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            x = [np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, np.nan, -np.inf, np.nan]
+            y = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, 0.0, -1.0]
+            y1p = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, -1.0, -2.0]
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd', 'g']:
+                xf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+                yf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+                yf1p = np.array(y1p, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.log(yf), xf)
+                assert_equal(np.log2(yf), xf)
+                assert_equal(np.log10(yf), xf)
+                assert_equal(np.log1p(yf1p), xf)
+
+        with np.errstate(divide='raise'):
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log,
+                              np.array(0.0, dtype=dt))
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log2,
+                              np.array(0.0, dtype=dt))
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log10,
+                              np.array(0.0, dtype=dt))
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log1p,
+                              np.array(-1.0, dtype=dt))
+
+        with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log,
+                              np.array(-np.inf, dtype=dt))
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log,
+                              np.array(-1.0, dtype=dt))
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log2,
+                              np.array(-np.inf, dtype=dt))
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log2,
+                              np.array(-1.0, dtype=dt))
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log10,
+                              np.array(-np.inf, dtype=dt))
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log10,
+                              np.array(-1.0, dtype=dt))
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log1p,
+                              np.array(-np.inf, dtype=dt))
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log1p,
+                              np.array(-2.0, dtype=dt))
+
+        # See https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/18005
+        with assert_no_warnings():
+            a = np.array(1e9, dtype='float32')
+            np.log(a)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', ['e', 'f', 'd', 'g'])
+    def test_sincos_values(self, dtype):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            x = [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]
+            y = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+            xf = np.array(x, dtype=dtype)
+            yf = np.array(y, dtype=dtype)
+            assert_equal(np.sin(yf), xf)
+            assert_equal(np.cos(yf), xf)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(
+        sys.platform.startswith("darwin"),
+        reason="underflow is triggered for scalar 'sin'"
+    )
+    def test_sincos_underflow(self):
+        with np.errstate(under='raise'):
+            underflow_trigger = np.array(
+                float.fromhex("0x1.f37f47a03f82ap-511"),
+                dtype=np.float64
+            )
+            np.sin(underflow_trigger)
+            np.cos(underflow_trigger)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('callable', [np.sin, np.cos])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', ['e', 'f', 'd'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('value', [np.inf, -np.inf])
+    def test_sincos_errors(self, callable, dtype, value):
+        with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, callable,
+                np.array([value], dtype=dtype))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('callable', [np.sin, np.cos])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', ['f', 'd'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('stride', [-1, 1, 2, 4, 5])
+    def test_sincos_overlaps(self, callable, dtype, stride):
+        N = 100
+        M = N // abs(stride)
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(42)
+        x = rng.standard_normal(N, dtype)
+        y = callable(x[::stride])
+        callable(x[::stride], out=x[:M])
+        assert_equal(x[:M], y)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dt', ['e', 'f', 'd', 'g'])
+    def test_sqrt_values(self, dt):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            x = [np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, np.nan, 0.]
+            y = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, 0.]
+            xf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+            yf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.sqrt(yf), xf)
+
+        # with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+        #     assert_raises(
+        #         FloatingPointError, np.sqrt, np.array(-100., dtype=dt)
+        #     )
+
+    def test_abs_values(self):
+        x = [np.nan,  np.nan, np.inf, np.inf, 0., 0., 1.0, 1.0]
+        y = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, 0., -0., -1.0, 1.0]
+        for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd', 'g']:
+            xf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+            yf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.abs(yf), xf)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_square_values(self):
+        x = [np.nan,  np.nan, np.inf, np.inf]
+        y = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd', 'g']:
+                xf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+                yf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.square(yf), xf)
+
+        with np.errstate(over='raise'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.square,
+                          np.array(1E3, dtype='e'))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.square,
+                          np.array(1E32, dtype='f'))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.square,
+                          np.array(1E200, dtype='d'))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_reciprocal_values(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            x = [np.nan,  np.nan, 0.0, -0.0, np.inf, -np.inf]
+            y = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, 0., -0.]
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd', 'g']:
+                xf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+                yf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.reciprocal(yf), xf)
+
+        with np.errstate(divide='raise'):
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd', 'g']:
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.reciprocal,
+                              np.array(-0.0, dtype=dt))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_tan(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            in_ = [np.nan, -np.nan, 0.0, -0.0, np.inf, -np.inf]
+            out = [np.nan, np.nan, 0.0, -0.0, np.nan, np.nan]
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                in_arr = np.array(in_, dtype=dt)
+                out_arr = np.array(out, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.tan(in_arr), out_arr)
+
+        with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.tan,
+                              np.array(np.inf, dtype=dt))
+                assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.tan,
+                              np.array(-np.inf, dtype=dt))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_arcsincos(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            in_ = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+            out = [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                in_arr = np.array(in_, dtype=dt)
+                out_arr = np.array(out, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.arcsin(in_arr), out_arr)
+                assert_equal(np.arccos(in_arr), out_arr)
+
+        for callable in [np.arcsin, np.arccos]:
+            for value in [np.inf, -np.inf, 2.0, -2.0]:
+                for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                    with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+                        assert_raises(FloatingPointError, callable,
+                                      np.array(value, dtype=dt))
+
+    def test_arctan(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            in_ = [np.nan, -np.nan]
+            out = [np.nan, np.nan]
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                in_arr = np.array(in_, dtype=dt)
+                out_arr = np.array(out, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.arctan(in_arr), out_arr)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_sinh(self):
+        in_ = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+        out = [np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+        for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+            in_arr = np.array(in_, dtype=dt)
+            out_arr = np.array(out, dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.sinh(in_arr), out_arr)
+
+        with np.errstate(over='raise'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.sinh,
+                          np.array(12.0, dtype='e'))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.sinh,
+                          np.array(120.0, dtype='f'))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.sinh,
+                          np.array(1200.0, dtype='d'))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif('bsd' in sys.platform,
+            reason="fallback implementation may not raise, see gh-2487")
+    def test_cosh(self):
+        in_ = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+        out = [np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, np.inf]
+        for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+            in_arr = np.array(in_, dtype=dt)
+            out_arr = np.array(out, dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.cosh(in_arr), out_arr)
+
+        with np.errstate(over='raise'):
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.cosh,
+                          np.array(12.0, dtype='e'))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.cosh,
+                          np.array(120.0, dtype='f'))
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.cosh,
+                          np.array(1200.0, dtype='d'))
+
+    def test_tanh(self):
+        in_ = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+        out = [np.nan, np.nan, 1.0, -1.0]
+        for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+            in_arr = np.array(in_, dtype=dt)
+            out_arr = np.array(out, dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.tanh(in_arr), out_arr)
+
+    def test_arcsinh(self):
+        in_ = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+        out = [np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+        for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+            in_arr = np.array(in_, dtype=dt)
+            out_arr = np.array(out, dtype=dt)
+            assert_equal(np.arcsinh(in_arr), out_arr)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_arccosh(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            in_ = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, 1.0, 0.0]
+            out = [np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, np.nan, 0.0, np.nan]
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                in_arr = np.array(in_, dtype=dt)
+                out_arr = np.array(out, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.arccosh(in_arr), out_arr)
+
+        for value in [0.0, -np.inf]:
+            with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+                for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                    assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.arccosh,
+                                  np.array(value, dtype=dt))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_arctanh(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            in_ = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, 1.0, -1.0, 2.0]
+            out = [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan]
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                in_arr = np.array(in_, dtype=dt)
+                out_arr = np.array(out, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.arctanh(in_arr), out_arr)
+
+        for value in [1.01, np.inf, -np.inf, 1.0, -1.0]:
+            with np.errstate(invalid='raise', divide='raise'):
+                for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                    assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.arctanh,
+                                  np.array(value, dtype=dt))
+
+        # Make sure glibc < 2.18 atanh is not used, issue 25087
+        assert np.signbit(np.arctanh(-1j).real)
+
+    # See: https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/20448
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(
+        _glibc_older_than("2.17"),
+        reason="Older glibc versions may not raise appropriate FP exceptions"
+    )
+    def test_exp2(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            in_ = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+            out = [np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, 0.0]
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                in_arr = np.array(in_, dtype=dt)
+                out_arr = np.array(out, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.exp2(in_arr), out_arr)
+
+        for value in [2000.0, -2000.0]:
+            with np.errstate(over='raise', under='raise'):
+                for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                    assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.exp2,
+                                  np.array(value, dtype=dt))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
+    def test_expm1(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            in_ = [np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]
+            out = [np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, -1.0]
+            for dt in ['e', 'f', 'd']:
+                in_arr = np.array(in_, dtype=dt)
+                out_arr = np.array(out, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.expm1(in_arr), out_arr)
+
+        for value in [200.0, 2000.0]:
+            with np.errstate(over='raise'):
+                for dt in ['e', 'f']:
+                    assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.expm1,
+                                  np.array(value, dtype=dt))
+
+    # test to ensure no spurious FP exceptions are raised due to SIMD
+    INF_INVALID_ERR = [
+        np.cos, np.sin, np.tan, np.arccos, np.arcsin, np.spacing, np.arctanh
+    ]
+    NEG_INVALID_ERR = [
+        np.log, np.log2, np.log10, np.log1p, np.sqrt, np.arccosh,
+        np.arctanh
+    ]
+    ONE_INVALID_ERR = [
+        np.arctanh,
+    ]
+    LTONE_INVALID_ERR = [
+        np.arccosh,
+    ]
+    BYZERO_ERR = [
+        np.log, np.log2, np.log10, np.reciprocal, np.arccosh
+    ]
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32" and sys.maxsize < 2**31 + 1,
+                        reason='failures on 32-bit Python, see FIXME below')
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc", UFUNCS_UNARY_FP)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ('e', 'f', 'd'))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("data, escape", (
+        ([0.03], LTONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([0.03]*32, LTONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        # neg
+        ([-1.0], NEG_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([-1.0]*32, NEG_INVALID_ERR),
+        # flat
+        ([1.0], ONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([1.0]*32, ONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        # zero
+        ([0.0], BYZERO_ERR),
+        ([0.0]*32, BYZERO_ERR),
+        ([-0.0], BYZERO_ERR),
+        ([-0.0]*32, BYZERO_ERR),
+        # nan
+        ([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, np.nan], LTONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, np.nan]*32, LTONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([np.nan, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0], ONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([np.nan, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]*32, ONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([np.nan], []),
+        ([np.nan]*32, []),
+        # inf
+        ([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, np.inf], INF_INVALID_ERR + LTONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, np.inf]*32, INF_INVALID_ERR + LTONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([np.inf, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0], INF_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([np.inf, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]*32, INF_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([np.inf], INF_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([np.inf]*32, INF_INVALID_ERR),
+        # ninf
+        ([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, -np.inf],
+         NEG_INVALID_ERR + INF_INVALID_ERR + LTONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, -np.inf]*32,
+         NEG_INVALID_ERR + INF_INVALID_ERR + LTONE_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([-np.inf, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0], NEG_INVALID_ERR + INF_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([-np.inf, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]*32, NEG_INVALID_ERR + INF_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([-np.inf], NEG_INVALID_ERR + INF_INVALID_ERR),
+        ([-np.inf]*32, NEG_INVALID_ERR + INF_INVALID_ERR),
+    ))
+    def test_unary_spurious_fpexception(self, ufunc, dtype, data, escape):
+        if escape and ufunc in escape:
+            return
+        # FIXME: NAN raises FP invalid exception:
+        #  - ceil/float16 on MSVC:32-bit
+        #  - spacing/float16 on almost all platforms
+        # FIXME: skipped on MSVC:32-bit during switch to Meson, 10 cases fail
+        #        when SIMD support not present / disabled
+        if ufunc in (np.spacing, np.ceil) and dtype == 'e':
+            return
+        array = np.array(data, dtype=dtype)
+        with assert_no_warnings():
+            ufunc(array)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ('e', 'f', 'd'))
+    def test_divide_spurious_fpexception(self, dtype):
+        dt = np.dtype(dtype)
+        dt_info = np.finfo(dt)
+        subnorm = dt_info.smallest_subnormal
+        # Verify a bug fix caused due to filling the remaining lanes of the
+        # partially loaded dividend SIMD vector with ones, which leads to
+        # raising an overflow warning when the divisor is denormal.
+        # see https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/25097
+        with assert_no_warnings():
+            np.zeros(128 + 1, dtype=dt) / subnorm
+
+class TestFPClass:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("stride", [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 1,
+                                2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
+    def test_fpclass(self, stride):
+        arr_f64 = np.array([np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, -1.0, 1.0, -0.0, 0.0, 2.2251e-308, -2.2251e-308], dtype='d')
+        arr_f32 = np.array([np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, -1.0, 1.0, -0.0, 0.0, 1.4013e-045, -1.4013e-045], dtype='f')
+        nan     = np.array([True, True, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False])
+        inf     = np.array([False, False, True, True, False, False, False, False, False, False])
+        sign    = np.array([False, True, False, True, True, False, True, False, False, True])
+        finite  = np.array([False, False, False, False, True, True, True, True, True, True])
+        assert_equal(np.isnan(arr_f32[::stride]), nan[::stride])
+        assert_equal(np.isnan(arr_f64[::stride]), nan[::stride])
+        assert_equal(np.isinf(arr_f32[::stride]), inf[::stride])
+        assert_equal(np.isinf(arr_f64[::stride]), inf[::stride])
+        assert_equal(np.signbit(arr_f32[::stride]), sign[::stride])
+        assert_equal(np.signbit(arr_f64[::stride]), sign[::stride])
+        assert_equal(np.isfinite(arr_f32[::stride]), finite[::stride])
+        assert_equal(np.isfinite(arr_f64[::stride]), finite[::stride])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ['d', 'f'])
+    def test_fp_noncontiguous(self, dtype):
+        data = np.array([np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, -1.0,
+                            1.0, -0.0, 0.0, 2.2251e-308,
+                            -2.2251e-308], dtype=dtype)
+        nan = np.array([True, True, False, False, False, False,
+                            False, False, False, False])
+        inf = np.array([False, False, True, True, False, False,
+                            False, False, False, False])
+        sign = np.array([False, True, False, True, True, False,
+                            True, False, False, True])
+        finite = np.array([False, False, False, False, True, True,
+                            True, True, True, True])
+        out = np.ndarray(data.shape, dtype='bool')
+        ncontig_in = data[1::3]
+        ncontig_out = out[1::3]
+        contig_in = np.array(ncontig_in)
+        assert_equal(ncontig_in.flags.c_contiguous, False)
+        assert_equal(ncontig_out.flags.c_contiguous, False)
+        assert_equal(contig_in.flags.c_contiguous, True)
+        # ncontig in, ncontig out
+        assert_equal(np.isnan(ncontig_in, out=ncontig_out), nan[1::3])
+        assert_equal(np.isinf(ncontig_in, out=ncontig_out), inf[1::3])
+        assert_equal(np.signbit(ncontig_in, out=ncontig_out), sign[1::3])
+        assert_equal(np.isfinite(ncontig_in, out=ncontig_out), finite[1::3])
+        # contig in, ncontig out
+        assert_equal(np.isnan(contig_in, out=ncontig_out), nan[1::3])
+        assert_equal(np.isinf(contig_in, out=ncontig_out), inf[1::3])
+        assert_equal(np.signbit(contig_in, out=ncontig_out), sign[1::3])
+        assert_equal(np.isfinite(contig_in, out=ncontig_out), finite[1::3])
+        # ncontig in, contig out
+        assert_equal(np.isnan(ncontig_in), nan[1::3])
+        assert_equal(np.isinf(ncontig_in), inf[1::3])
+        assert_equal(np.signbit(ncontig_in), sign[1::3])
+        assert_equal(np.isfinite(ncontig_in), finite[1::3])
+        # contig in, contig out, nd stride
+        data_split = np.array(np.array_split(data, 2))
+        nan_split = np.array(np.array_split(nan, 2))
+        inf_split = np.array(np.array_split(inf, 2))
+        sign_split = np.array(np.array_split(sign, 2))
+        finite_split = np.array(np.array_split(finite, 2))
+        assert_equal(np.isnan(data_split), nan_split)
+        assert_equal(np.isinf(data_split), inf_split)
+        assert_equal(np.signbit(data_split), sign_split)
+        assert_equal(np.isfinite(data_split), finite_split)
+
+class TestLDExp:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("stride", [-4,-2,-1,1,2,4])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ['f', 'd'])
+    def test_ldexp(self, dtype, stride):
+        mant = np.array([0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1., 1., 2., 4., 8.], dtype=dtype)
+        exp  = np.array([3, 2, 1, 0, 0, -1, -2, -3], dtype='i')
+        out  = np.zeros(8, dtype=dtype)
+        assert_equal(np.ldexp(mant[::stride], exp[::stride], out=out[::stride]), np.ones(8, dtype=dtype)[::stride])
+        assert_equal(out[::stride], np.ones(8, dtype=dtype)[::stride])
+
+class TestFRExp:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("stride", [-4,-2,-1,1,2,4])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ['f', 'd'])
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(IS_MUSL, reason="gh23048")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not sys.platform.startswith('linux'),
+                        reason="np.frexp gives different answers for NAN/INF on windows and linux")
+    def test_frexp(self, dtype, stride):
+        arr = np.array([np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, 0.0, -0.0, 1.0, -1.0], dtype=dtype)
+        mant_true = np.array([np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf, 0.0, -0.0, 0.5, -0.5], dtype=dtype)
+        exp_true  = np.array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1], dtype='i')
+        out_mant  = np.ones(8, dtype=dtype)
+        out_exp   = 2*np.ones(8, dtype='i')
+        mant, exp = np.frexp(arr[::stride], out=(out_mant[::stride], out_exp[::stride]))
+        assert_equal(mant_true[::stride], mant)
+        assert_equal(exp_true[::stride], exp)
+        assert_equal(out_mant[::stride], mant_true[::stride])
+        assert_equal(out_exp[::stride], exp_true[::stride])
+
+# func : [maxulperror, low, high]
+avx_ufuncs = {'sqrt'        :[1,  0.,   100.],
+              'absolute'    :[0, -100., 100.],
+              'reciprocal'  :[1,  1.,   100.],
+              'square'      :[1, -100., 100.],
+              'rint'        :[0, -100., 100.],
+              'floor'       :[0, -100., 100.],
+              'ceil'        :[0, -100., 100.],
+              'trunc'       :[0, -100., 100.]}
+
+class TestAVXUfuncs:
+    def test_avx_based_ufunc(self):
+        strides = np.array([-4,-3,-2,-1,1,2,3,4])
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        for func, prop in avx_ufuncs.items():
+            maxulperr = prop[0]
+            minval = prop[1]
+            maxval = prop[2]
+            # various array sizes to ensure masking in AVX is tested
+            for size in range(1,32):
+                myfunc = getattr(np, func)
+                x_f32 = np.float32(np.random.uniform(low=minval, high=maxval,
+                    size=size))
+                x_f64 = np.float64(x_f32)
+                x_f128 = np.longdouble(x_f32)
+                y_true128 = myfunc(x_f128)
+                if maxulperr == 0:
+                    assert_equal(myfunc(x_f32), np.float32(y_true128))
+                    assert_equal(myfunc(x_f64), np.float64(y_true128))
+                else:
+                    assert_array_max_ulp(myfunc(x_f32), np.float32(y_true128),
+                            maxulp=maxulperr)
+                    assert_array_max_ulp(myfunc(x_f64), np.float64(y_true128),
+                            maxulp=maxulperr)
+                # various strides to test gather instruction
+                if size > 1:
+                    y_true32 = myfunc(x_f32)
+                    y_true64 = myfunc(x_f64)
+                    for jj in strides:
+                        assert_equal(myfunc(x_f64[::jj]), y_true64[::jj])
+                        assert_equal(myfunc(x_f32[::jj]), y_true32[::jj])
+
+class TestAVXFloat32Transcendental:
+    def test_exp_float32(self):
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        x_f32 = np.float32(np.random.uniform(low=0.0,high=88.1,size=1000000))
+        x_f64 = np.float64(x_f32)
+        assert_array_max_ulp(np.exp(x_f32), np.float32(np.exp(x_f64)), maxulp=3)
+
+    def test_log_float32(self):
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        x_f32 = np.float32(np.random.uniform(low=0.0,high=1000,size=1000000))
+        x_f64 = np.float64(x_f32)
+        assert_array_max_ulp(np.log(x_f32), np.float32(np.log(x_f64)), maxulp=4)
+
+    def test_sincos_float32(self):
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        N = 1000000
+        M = np.int_(N/20)
+        index = np.random.randint(low=0, high=N, size=M)
+        x_f32 = np.float32(np.random.uniform(low=-100.,high=100.,size=N))
+        if not _glibc_older_than("2.17"):
+            # test coverage for elements > 117435.992f for which glibc is used
+            # this is known to be problematic on old glibc, so skip it there
+            x_f32[index] = np.float32(10E+10*np.random.rand(M))
+        x_f64 = np.float64(x_f32)
+        assert_array_max_ulp(np.sin(x_f32), np.float32(np.sin(x_f64)), maxulp=2)
+        assert_array_max_ulp(np.cos(x_f32), np.float32(np.cos(x_f64)), maxulp=2)
+        # test aliasing(issue #17761)
+        tx_f32 = x_f32.copy()
+        assert_array_max_ulp(np.sin(x_f32, out=x_f32), np.float32(np.sin(x_f64)), maxulp=2)
+        assert_array_max_ulp(np.cos(tx_f32, out=tx_f32), np.float32(np.cos(x_f64)), maxulp=2)
+
+    def test_strided_float32(self):
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        strides = np.array([-4,-3,-2,-1,1,2,3,4])
+        sizes = np.arange(2,100)
+        for ii in sizes:
+            x_f32 = np.float32(np.random.uniform(low=0.01,high=88.1,size=ii))
+            x_f32_large = x_f32.copy()
+            x_f32_large[3:-1:4] = 120000.0
+            exp_true = np.exp(x_f32)
+            log_true = np.log(x_f32)
+            sin_true = np.sin(x_f32_large)
+            cos_true = np.cos(x_f32_large)
+            for jj in strides:
+                assert_array_almost_equal_nulp(np.exp(x_f32[::jj]), exp_true[::jj], nulp=2)
+                assert_array_almost_equal_nulp(np.log(x_f32[::jj]), log_true[::jj], nulp=2)
+                assert_array_almost_equal_nulp(np.sin(x_f32_large[::jj]), sin_true[::jj], nulp=2)
+                assert_array_almost_equal_nulp(np.cos(x_f32_large[::jj]), cos_true[::jj], nulp=2)
+
+class TestLogAddExp(_FilterInvalids):
+    def test_logaddexp_values(self):
+        x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+        y = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
+        z = [6, 6, 6, 6, 6]
+        for dt, dec_ in zip(['f', 'd', 'g'], [6, 15, 15]):
+            xf = np.log(np.array(x, dtype=dt))
+            yf = np.log(np.array(y, dtype=dt))
+            zf = np.log(np.array(z, dtype=dt))
+            assert_almost_equal(np.logaddexp(xf, yf), zf, decimal=dec_)
+
+    def test_logaddexp_range(self):
+        x = [1000000, -1000000, 1000200, -1000200]
+        y = [1000200, -1000200, 1000000, -1000000]
+        z = [1000200, -1000000, 1000200, -1000000]
+        for dt in ['f', 'd', 'g']:
+            logxf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+            logyf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+            logzf = np.array(z, dtype=dt)
+            assert_almost_equal(np.logaddexp(logxf, logyf), logzf)
+
+    def test_inf(self):
+        inf = np.inf
+        x = [inf, -inf,  inf, -inf, inf, 1,  -inf,  1]
+        y = [inf,  inf, -inf, -inf, 1,   inf, 1,   -inf]
+        z = [inf,  inf,  inf, -inf, inf, inf, 1,    1]
+        with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+            for dt in ['f', 'd', 'g']:
+                logxf = np.array(x, dtype=dt)
+                logyf = np.array(y, dtype=dt)
+                logzf = np.array(z, dtype=dt)
+                assert_equal(np.logaddexp(logxf, logyf), logzf)
+
+    def test_nan(self):
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.logaddexp(np.nan, np.inf)))
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.logaddexp(np.inf, np.nan)))
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.logaddexp(np.nan, 0)))
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.logaddexp(0, np.nan)))
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.logaddexp(np.nan, np.nan)))
+
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        assert_equal(np.logaddexp.identity, -np.inf)
+        assert_equal(np.logaddexp.reduce([]), -np.inf)
+
+
+class TestLog1p:
+    def test_log1p(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.log1p(0.2), ncu.log(1.2))
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.log1p(1e-6), ncu.log(1+1e-6))
+
+    def test_special(self):
+        with np.errstate(invalid="ignore", divide="ignore"):
+            assert_equal(ncu.log1p(np.nan), np.nan)
+            assert_equal(ncu.log1p(np.inf), np.inf)
+            assert_equal(ncu.log1p(-1.), -np.inf)
+            assert_equal(ncu.log1p(-2.), np.nan)
+            assert_equal(ncu.log1p(-np.inf), np.nan)
+
+
+class TestExpm1:
+    def test_expm1(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.expm1(0.2), ncu.exp(0.2)-1)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.expm1(1e-6), ncu.exp(1e-6)-1)
+
+    def test_special(self):
+        assert_equal(ncu.expm1(np.inf), np.inf)
+        assert_equal(ncu.expm1(0.), 0.)
+        assert_equal(ncu.expm1(-0.), -0.)
+        assert_equal(ncu.expm1(np.inf), np.inf)
+        assert_equal(ncu.expm1(-np.inf), -1.)
+
+    def test_complex(self):
+        x = np.asarray(1e-12)
+        assert_allclose(x, ncu.expm1(x))
+        x = x.astype(np.complex128)
+        assert_allclose(x, ncu.expm1(x))
+
+
+class TestHypot:
+    def test_simple(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.hypot(1, 1), ncu.sqrt(2))
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.hypot(0, 0), 0)
+
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.hypot.reduce([3.0, 4.0]), 5.0)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.hypot.reduce([3.0, 4.0, 0]), 5.0)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.hypot.reduce([9.0, 12.0, 20.0]), 25.0)
+        assert_equal(ncu.hypot.reduce([]), 0.0)
+
+
+def assert_hypot_isnan(x, y):
+    with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+        assert_(np.isnan(ncu.hypot(x, y)),
+                "hypot(%s, %s) is %s, not nan" % (x, y, ncu.hypot(x, y)))
+
+
+def assert_hypot_isinf(x, y):
+    with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+        assert_(np.isinf(ncu.hypot(x, y)),
+                "hypot(%s, %s) is %s, not inf" % (x, y, ncu.hypot(x, y)))
+
+
+class TestHypotSpecialValues:
+    def test_nan_outputs(self):
+        assert_hypot_isnan(np.nan, np.nan)
+        assert_hypot_isnan(np.nan, 1)
+
+    def test_nan_outputs2(self):
+        assert_hypot_isinf(np.nan, np.inf)
+        assert_hypot_isinf(np.inf, np.nan)
+        assert_hypot_isinf(np.inf, 0)
+        assert_hypot_isinf(0, np.inf)
+        assert_hypot_isinf(np.inf, np.inf)
+        assert_hypot_isinf(np.inf, 23.0)
+
+    def test_no_fpe(self):
+        assert_no_warnings(ncu.hypot, np.inf, 0)
+
+
+def assert_arctan2_isnan(x, y):
+    assert_(np.isnan(ncu.arctan2(x, y)), "arctan(%s, %s) is %s, not nan" % (x, y, ncu.arctan2(x, y)))
+
+
+def assert_arctan2_ispinf(x, y):
+    assert_((np.isinf(ncu.arctan2(x, y)) and ncu.arctan2(x, y) > 0), "arctan(%s, %s) is %s, not +inf" % (x, y, ncu.arctan2(x, y)))
+
+
+def assert_arctan2_isninf(x, y):
+    assert_((np.isinf(ncu.arctan2(x, y)) and ncu.arctan2(x, y) < 0), "arctan(%s, %s) is %s, not -inf" % (x, y, ncu.arctan2(x, y)))
+
+
+def assert_arctan2_ispzero(x, y):
+    assert_((ncu.arctan2(x, y) == 0 and not np.signbit(ncu.arctan2(x, y))), "arctan(%s, %s) is %s, not +0" % (x, y, ncu.arctan2(x, y)))
+
+
+def assert_arctan2_isnzero(x, y):
+    assert_((ncu.arctan2(x, y) == 0 and np.signbit(ncu.arctan2(x, y))), "arctan(%s, %s) is %s, not -0" % (x, y, ncu.arctan2(x, y)))
+
+
+class TestArctan2SpecialValues:
+    def test_one_one(self):
+        # atan2(1, 1) returns pi/4.
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(1, 1), 0.25 * np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(-1, 1), -0.25 * np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(1, -1), 0.75 * np.pi)
+
+    def test_zero_nzero(self):
+        # atan2(+-0, -0) returns +-pi.
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(np.PZERO, np.NZERO), np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(np.NZERO, np.NZERO), -np.pi)
+
+    def test_zero_pzero(self):
+        # atan2(+-0, +0) returns +-0.
+        assert_arctan2_ispzero(np.PZERO, np.PZERO)
+        assert_arctan2_isnzero(np.NZERO, np.PZERO)
+
+    def test_zero_negative(self):
+        # atan2(+-0, x) returns +-pi for x < 0.
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(np.PZERO, -1), np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(np.NZERO, -1), -np.pi)
+
+    def test_zero_positive(self):
+        # atan2(+-0, x) returns +-0 for x > 0.
+        assert_arctan2_ispzero(np.PZERO, 1)
+        assert_arctan2_isnzero(np.NZERO, 1)
+
+    def test_positive_zero(self):
+        # atan2(y, +-0) returns +pi/2 for y > 0.
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(1, np.PZERO), 0.5 * np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(1, np.NZERO), 0.5 * np.pi)
+
+    def test_negative_zero(self):
+        # atan2(y, +-0) returns -pi/2 for y < 0.
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(-1, np.PZERO), -0.5 * np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(-1, np.NZERO), -0.5 * np.pi)
+
+    def test_any_ninf(self):
+        # atan2(+-y, -infinity) returns +-pi for finite y > 0.
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(1, np.NINF),  np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(-1, np.NINF), -np.pi)
+
+    def test_any_pinf(self):
+        # atan2(+-y, +infinity) returns +-0 for finite y > 0.
+        assert_arctan2_ispzero(1, np.inf)
+        assert_arctan2_isnzero(-1, np.inf)
+
+    def test_inf_any(self):
+        # atan2(+-infinity, x) returns +-pi/2 for finite x.
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2( np.inf, 1),  0.5 * np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(-np.inf, 1), -0.5 * np.pi)
+
+    def test_inf_ninf(self):
+        # atan2(+-infinity, -infinity) returns +-3*pi/4.
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2( np.inf, -np.inf),  0.75 * np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(-np.inf, -np.inf), -0.75 * np.pi)
+
+    def test_inf_pinf(self):
+        # atan2(+-infinity, +infinity) returns +-pi/4.
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2( np.inf, np.inf),  0.25 * np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.arctan2(-np.inf, np.inf), -0.25 * np.pi)
+
+    def test_nan_any(self):
+        # atan2(nan, x) returns nan for any x, including inf
+        assert_arctan2_isnan(np.nan, np.inf)
+        assert_arctan2_isnan(np.inf, np.nan)
+        assert_arctan2_isnan(np.nan, np.nan)
+
+
+class TestLdexp:
+    def _check_ldexp(self, tp):
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.ldexp(np.array(2., np.float32),
+                                      np.array(3, tp)), 16.)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.ldexp(np.array(2., np.float64),
+                                      np.array(3, tp)), 16.)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.ldexp(np.array(2., np.longdouble),
+                                      np.array(3, tp)), 16.)
+
+    def test_ldexp(self):
+        # The default Python int type should work
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.ldexp(2., 3),  16.)
+        # The following int types should all be accepted
+        self._check_ldexp(np.int8)
+        self._check_ldexp(np.int16)
+        self._check_ldexp(np.int32)
+        self._check_ldexp('i')
+        self._check_ldexp('l')
+
+    def test_ldexp_overflow(self):
+        # silence warning emitted on overflow
+        with np.errstate(over="ignore"):
+            imax = np.iinfo(np.dtype('l')).max
+            imin = np.iinfo(np.dtype('l')).min
+            assert_equal(ncu.ldexp(2., imax), np.inf)
+            assert_equal(ncu.ldexp(2., imin), 0)
+
+
+class TestMaximum(_FilterInvalids):
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        dflt = np.typecodes['AllFloat']
+        dint = np.typecodes['AllInteger']
+        seq1 = np.arange(11)
+        seq2 = seq1[::-1]
+        func = np.maximum.reduce
+        for dt in dint:
+            tmp1 = seq1.astype(dt)
+            tmp2 = seq2.astype(dt)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), 10)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), 10)
+        for dt in dflt:
+            tmp1 = seq1.astype(dt)
+            tmp2 = seq2.astype(dt)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), 10)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), 10)
+            tmp1[::2] = np.nan
+            tmp2[::2] = np.nan
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), np.nan)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), np.nan)
+
+    def test_reduce_complex(self):
+        assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce([1, 2j]), 1)
+        assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce([1+3j, 2j]), 1+3j)
+
+    def test_float_nans(self):
+        nan = np.nan
+        arg1 = np.array([0,   nan, nan])
+        arg2 = np.array([nan, 0,   nan])
+        out = np.array([nan, nan, nan])
+        assert_equal(np.maximum(arg1, arg2), out)
+
+    def test_object_nans(self):
+        # Multiple checks to give this a chance to
+        # fail if cmp is used instead of rich compare.
+        # Failure cannot be guaranteed.
+        for i in range(1):
+            x = np.array(float('nan'), object)
+            y = 1.0
+            z = np.array(float('nan'), object)
+            assert_(np.maximum(x, y) == 1.0)
+            assert_(np.maximum(z, y) == 1.0)
+
+    def test_complex_nans(self):
+        nan = np.nan
+        for cnan in [complex(nan, 0), complex(0, nan), complex(nan, nan)]:
+            arg1 = np.array([0, cnan, cnan], dtype=complex)
+            arg2 = np.array([cnan, 0, cnan], dtype=complex)
+            out = np.array([nan, nan, nan], dtype=complex)
+            assert_equal(np.maximum(arg1, arg2), out)
+
+    def test_object_array(self):
+        arg1 = np.arange(5, dtype=object)
+        arg2 = arg1 + 1
+        assert_equal(np.maximum(arg1, arg2), arg2)
+
+    def test_strided_array(self):
+        arr1 = np.array([-4.0, 1.0, 10.0,  0.0, np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf])
+        arr2 = np.array([-2.0,-1.0, np.nan, 1.0, 0.0,    np.nan, 1.0,    -3.0])
+        maxtrue  = np.array([-2.0, 1.0, np.nan, 1.0, np.nan, np.nan, np.inf, -3.0])
+        out = np.ones(8)
+        out_maxtrue = np.array([-2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 10.0, 1.0, 1.0, np.nan, 1.0])
+        assert_equal(np.maximum(arr1,arr2), maxtrue)
+        assert_equal(np.maximum(arr1[::2],arr2[::2]), maxtrue[::2])
+        assert_equal(np.maximum(arr1[:4:], arr2[::2]), np.array([-2.0, np.nan, 10.0, 1.0]))
+        assert_equal(np.maximum(arr1[::3], arr2[:3:]), np.array([-2.0, 0.0, np.nan]))
+        assert_equal(np.maximum(arr1[:6:2], arr2[::3], out=out[::3]), np.array([-2.0, 10., np.nan]))
+        assert_equal(out, out_maxtrue)
+
+    def test_precision(self):
+        dtypes = [np.float16, np.float32, np.float64, np.longdouble]
+
+        for dt in dtypes:
+            dtmin = np.finfo(dt).min
+            dtmax = np.finfo(dt).max
+            d1 = dt(0.1)
+            d1_next = np.nextafter(d1, np.inf)
+
+            test_cases = [
+                # v1    v2          expected
+                (dtmin, -np.inf,    dtmin),
+                (dtmax, -np.inf,    dtmax),
+                (d1,    d1_next,    d1_next),
+                (dtmax, np.nan,     np.nan),
+            ]
+
+            for v1, v2, expected in test_cases:
+                assert_equal(np.maximum([v1], [v2]), [expected])
+                assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce([v1, v2]), expected)
+
+
+class TestMinimum(_FilterInvalids):
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        dflt = np.typecodes['AllFloat']
+        dint = np.typecodes['AllInteger']
+        seq1 = np.arange(11)
+        seq2 = seq1[::-1]
+        func = np.minimum.reduce
+        for dt in dint:
+            tmp1 = seq1.astype(dt)
+            tmp2 = seq2.astype(dt)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), 0)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), 0)
+        for dt in dflt:
+            tmp1 = seq1.astype(dt)
+            tmp2 = seq2.astype(dt)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), 0)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), 0)
+            tmp1[::2] = np.nan
+            tmp2[::2] = np.nan
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), np.nan)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), np.nan)
+
+    def test_reduce_complex(self):
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce([1, 2j]), 2j)
+        assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce([1+3j, 2j]), 2j)
+
+    def test_float_nans(self):
+        nan = np.nan
+        arg1 = np.array([0,   nan, nan])
+        arg2 = np.array([nan, 0,   nan])
+        out = np.array([nan, nan, nan])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum(arg1, arg2), out)
+
+    def test_object_nans(self):
+        # Multiple checks to give this a chance to
+        # fail if cmp is used instead of rich compare.
+        # Failure cannot be guaranteed.
+        for i in range(1):
+            x = np.array(float('nan'), object)
+            y = 1.0
+            z = np.array(float('nan'), object)
+            assert_(np.minimum(x, y) == 1.0)
+            assert_(np.minimum(z, y) == 1.0)
+
+    def test_complex_nans(self):
+        nan = np.nan
+        for cnan in [complex(nan, 0), complex(0, nan), complex(nan, nan)]:
+            arg1 = np.array([0, cnan, cnan], dtype=complex)
+            arg2 = np.array([cnan, 0, cnan], dtype=complex)
+            out = np.array([nan, nan, nan], dtype=complex)
+            assert_equal(np.minimum(arg1, arg2), out)
+
+    def test_object_array(self):
+        arg1 = np.arange(5, dtype=object)
+        arg2 = arg1 + 1
+        assert_equal(np.minimum(arg1, arg2), arg1)
+
+    def test_strided_array(self):
+        arr1 = np.array([-4.0, 1.0, 10.0,  0.0, np.nan, -np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf])
+        arr2 = np.array([-2.0,-1.0, np.nan, 1.0, 0.0,    np.nan, 1.0,    -3.0])
+        mintrue  = np.array([-4.0, -1.0, np.nan, 0.0, np.nan, np.nan, 1.0, -np.inf])
+        out = np.ones(8)
+        out_mintrue = np.array([-4.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, np.nan, 1.0])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum(arr1,arr2), mintrue)
+        assert_equal(np.minimum(arr1[::2],arr2[::2]), mintrue[::2])
+        assert_equal(np.minimum(arr1[:4:], arr2[::2]), np.array([-4.0, np.nan, 0.0, 0.0]))
+        assert_equal(np.minimum(arr1[::3], arr2[:3:]), np.array([-4.0, -1.0, np.nan]))
+        assert_equal(np.minimum(arr1[:6:2], arr2[::3], out=out[::3]), np.array([-4.0, 1.0, np.nan]))
+        assert_equal(out, out_mintrue)
+
+    def test_precision(self):
+        dtypes = [np.float16, np.float32, np.float64, np.longdouble]
+
+        for dt in dtypes:
+            dtmin = np.finfo(dt).min
+            dtmax = np.finfo(dt).max
+            d1 = dt(0.1)
+            d1_next = np.nextafter(d1, np.inf)
+
+            test_cases = [
+                # v1    v2          expected
+                (dtmin, np.inf,     dtmin),
+                (dtmax, np.inf,     dtmax),
+                (d1,    d1_next,    d1),
+                (dtmin, np.nan,     np.nan),
+            ]
+
+            for v1, v2, expected in test_cases:
+                assert_equal(np.minimum([v1], [v2]), [expected])
+                assert_equal(np.minimum.reduce([v1, v2]), expected)
+
+
+class TestFmax(_FilterInvalids):
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        dflt = np.typecodes['AllFloat']
+        dint = np.typecodes['AllInteger']
+        seq1 = np.arange(11)
+        seq2 = seq1[::-1]
+        func = np.fmax.reduce
+        for dt in dint:
+            tmp1 = seq1.astype(dt)
+            tmp2 = seq2.astype(dt)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), 10)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), 10)
+        for dt in dflt:
+            tmp1 = seq1.astype(dt)
+            tmp2 = seq2.astype(dt)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), 10)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), 10)
+            tmp1[::2] = np.nan
+            tmp2[::2] = np.nan
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), 9)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), 9)
+
+    def test_reduce_complex(self):
+        assert_equal(np.fmax.reduce([1, 2j]), 1)
+        assert_equal(np.fmax.reduce([1+3j, 2j]), 1+3j)
+
+    def test_float_nans(self):
+        nan = np.nan
+        arg1 = np.array([0,   nan, nan])
+        arg2 = np.array([nan, 0,   nan])
+        out = np.array([0,   0,   nan])
+        assert_equal(np.fmax(arg1, arg2), out)
+
+    def test_complex_nans(self):
+        nan = np.nan
+        for cnan in [complex(nan, 0), complex(0, nan), complex(nan, nan)]:
+            arg1 = np.array([0, cnan, cnan], dtype=complex)
+            arg2 = np.array([cnan, 0, cnan], dtype=complex)
+            out = np.array([0,    0, nan], dtype=complex)
+            assert_equal(np.fmax(arg1, arg2), out)
+
+    def test_precision(self):
+        dtypes = [np.float16, np.float32, np.float64, np.longdouble]
+
+        for dt in dtypes:
+            dtmin = np.finfo(dt).min
+            dtmax = np.finfo(dt).max
+            d1 = dt(0.1)
+            d1_next = np.nextafter(d1, np.inf)
+
+            test_cases = [
+                # v1    v2          expected
+                (dtmin, -np.inf,    dtmin),
+                (dtmax, -np.inf,    dtmax),
+                (d1,    d1_next,    d1_next),
+                (dtmax, np.nan,     dtmax),
+            ]
+
+            for v1, v2, expected in test_cases:
+                assert_equal(np.fmax([v1], [v2]), [expected])
+                assert_equal(np.fmax.reduce([v1, v2]), expected)
+
+
+class TestFmin(_FilterInvalids):
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        dflt = np.typecodes['AllFloat']
+        dint = np.typecodes['AllInteger']
+        seq1 = np.arange(11)
+        seq2 = seq1[::-1]
+        func = np.fmin.reduce
+        for dt in dint:
+            tmp1 = seq1.astype(dt)
+            tmp2 = seq2.astype(dt)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), 0)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), 0)
+        for dt in dflt:
+            tmp1 = seq1.astype(dt)
+            tmp2 = seq2.astype(dt)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), 0)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), 0)
+            tmp1[::2] = np.nan
+            tmp2[::2] = np.nan
+            assert_equal(func(tmp1), 1)
+            assert_equal(func(tmp2), 1)
+
+    def test_reduce_complex(self):
+        assert_equal(np.fmin.reduce([1, 2j]), 2j)
+        assert_equal(np.fmin.reduce([1+3j, 2j]), 2j)
+
+    def test_float_nans(self):
+        nan = np.nan
+        arg1 = np.array([0,   nan, nan])
+        arg2 = np.array([nan, 0,   nan])
+        out = np.array([0,   0,   nan])
+        assert_equal(np.fmin(arg1, arg2), out)
+
+    def test_complex_nans(self):
+        nan = np.nan
+        for cnan in [complex(nan, 0), complex(0, nan), complex(nan, nan)]:
+            arg1 = np.array([0, cnan, cnan], dtype=complex)
+            arg2 = np.array([cnan, 0, cnan], dtype=complex)
+            out = np.array([0,    0, nan], dtype=complex)
+            assert_equal(np.fmin(arg1, arg2), out)
+
+    def test_precision(self):
+        dtypes = [np.float16, np.float32, np.float64, np.longdouble]
+
+        for dt in dtypes:
+            dtmin = np.finfo(dt).min
+            dtmax = np.finfo(dt).max
+            d1 = dt(0.1)
+            d1_next = np.nextafter(d1, np.inf)
+
+            test_cases = [
+                # v1    v2          expected
+                (dtmin, np.inf,     dtmin),
+                (dtmax, np.inf,     dtmax),
+                (d1,    d1_next,    d1),
+                (dtmin, np.nan,     dtmin),
+            ]
+
+            for v1, v2, expected in test_cases:
+                assert_equal(np.fmin([v1], [v2]), [expected])
+                assert_equal(np.fmin.reduce([v1, v2]), expected)
+
+
+class TestBool:
+    def test_exceptions(self):
+        a = np.ones(1, dtype=np.bool_)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.negative, a)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.positive, a)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.subtract, a, a)
+
+    def test_truth_table_logical(self):
+        # 2, 3 and 4 serves as true values
+        input1 = [0, 0, 3, 2]
+        input2 = [0, 4, 0, 2]
+
+        typecodes = (np.typecodes['AllFloat']
+                     + np.typecodes['AllInteger']
+                     + '?')     # boolean
+        for dtype in map(np.dtype, typecodes):
+            arg1 = np.asarray(input1, dtype=dtype)
+            arg2 = np.asarray(input2, dtype=dtype)
+
+            # OR
+            out = [False, True, True, True]
+            for func in (np.logical_or, np.maximum):
+                assert_equal(func(arg1, arg2).astype(bool), out)
+            # AND
+            out = [False, False, False, True]
+            for func in (np.logical_and, np.minimum):
+                assert_equal(func(arg1, arg2).astype(bool), out)
+            # XOR
+            out = [False, True, True, False]
+            for func in (np.logical_xor, np.not_equal):
+                assert_equal(func(arg1, arg2).astype(bool), out)
+
+    def test_truth_table_bitwise(self):
+        arg1 = [False, False, True, True]
+        arg2 = [False, True, False, True]
+
+        out = [False, True, True, True]
+        assert_equal(np.bitwise_or(arg1, arg2), out)
+
+        out = [False, False, False, True]
+        assert_equal(np.bitwise_and(arg1, arg2), out)
+
+        out = [False, True, True, False]
+        assert_equal(np.bitwise_xor(arg1, arg2), out)
+
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        none = np.array([0, 0, 0, 0], bool)
+        some = np.array([1, 0, 1, 1], bool)
+        every = np.array([1, 1, 1, 1], bool)
+        empty = np.array([], bool)
+
+        arrs = [none, some, every, empty]
+
+        for arr in arrs:
+            assert_equal(np.logical_and.reduce(arr), all(arr))
+
+        for arr in arrs:
+            assert_equal(np.logical_or.reduce(arr), any(arr))
+
+        for arr in arrs:
+            assert_equal(np.logical_xor.reduce(arr), arr.sum() % 2 == 1)
+
+
+class TestBitwiseUFuncs:
+
+    bitwise_types = [np.dtype(c) for c in '?' + 'bBhHiIlLqQ' + 'O']
+
+    def test_values(self):
+        for dt in self.bitwise_types:
+            zeros = np.array([0], dtype=dt)
+            ones = np.array([-1]).astype(dt)
+            msg = "dt = '%s'" % dt.char
+
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_not(zeros), ones, err_msg=msg)
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_not(ones), zeros, err_msg=msg)
+
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_or(zeros, zeros), zeros, err_msg=msg)
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_or(zeros, ones), ones, err_msg=msg)
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_or(ones, zeros), ones, err_msg=msg)
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_or(ones, ones), ones, err_msg=msg)
+
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_xor(zeros, zeros), zeros, err_msg=msg)
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_xor(zeros, ones), ones, err_msg=msg)
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_xor(ones, zeros), ones, err_msg=msg)
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_xor(ones, ones), zeros, err_msg=msg)
+
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_and(zeros, zeros), zeros, err_msg=msg)
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_and(zeros, ones), zeros, err_msg=msg)
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_and(ones, zeros), zeros, err_msg=msg)
+            assert_equal(np.bitwise_and(ones, ones), ones, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_types(self):
+        for dt in self.bitwise_types:
+            zeros = np.array([0], dtype=dt)
+            ones = np.array([-1]).astype(dt)
+            msg = "dt = '%s'" % dt.char
+
+            assert_(np.bitwise_not(zeros).dtype == dt, msg)
+            assert_(np.bitwise_or(zeros, zeros).dtype == dt, msg)
+            assert_(np.bitwise_xor(zeros, zeros).dtype == dt, msg)
+            assert_(np.bitwise_and(zeros, zeros).dtype == dt, msg)
+
+    def test_identity(self):
+        assert_(np.bitwise_or.identity == 0, 'bitwise_or')
+        assert_(np.bitwise_xor.identity == 0, 'bitwise_xor')
+        assert_(np.bitwise_and.identity == -1, 'bitwise_and')
+
+    def test_reduction(self):
+        binary_funcs = (np.bitwise_or, np.bitwise_xor, np.bitwise_and)
+
+        for dt in self.bitwise_types:
+            zeros = np.array([0], dtype=dt)
+            ones = np.array([-1]).astype(dt)
+            for f in binary_funcs:
+                msg = "dt: '%s', f: '%s'" % (dt, f)
+                assert_equal(f.reduce(zeros), zeros, err_msg=msg)
+                assert_equal(f.reduce(ones), ones, err_msg=msg)
+
+        # Test empty reduction, no object dtype
+        for dt in self.bitwise_types[:-1]:
+            # No object array types
+            empty = np.array([], dtype=dt)
+            for f in binary_funcs:
+                msg = "dt: '%s', f: '%s'" % (dt, f)
+                tgt = np.array(f.identity).astype(dt)
+                res = f.reduce(empty)
+                assert_equal(res, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+                assert_(res.dtype == tgt.dtype, msg)
+
+        # Empty object arrays use the identity.  Note that the types may
+        # differ, the actual type used is determined by the assign_identity
+        # function and is not the same as the type returned by the identity
+        # method.
+        for f in binary_funcs:
+            msg = "dt: '%s'" % (f,)
+            empty = np.array([], dtype=object)
+            tgt = f.identity
+            res = f.reduce(empty)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+
+        # Non-empty object arrays do not use the identity
+        for f in binary_funcs:
+            msg = "dt: '%s'" % (f,)
+            btype = np.array([True], dtype=object)
+            assert_(type(f.reduce(btype)) is bool, msg)
+
+
+class TestInt:
+    def test_logical_not(self):
+        x = np.ones(10, dtype=np.int16)
+        o = np.ones(10 * 2, dtype=bool)
+        tgt = o.copy()
+        tgt[::2] = False
+        os = o[::2]
+        assert_array_equal(np.logical_not(x, out=os), False)
+        assert_array_equal(o, tgt)
+
+
+class TestFloatingPoint:
+    def test_floating_point(self):
+        assert_equal(ncu.FLOATING_POINT_SUPPORT, 1)
+
+
+class TestDegrees:
+    def test_degrees(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.degrees(np.pi), 180.0)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.degrees(-0.5*np.pi), -90.0)
+
+
+class TestRadians:
+    def test_radians(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.radians(180.0), np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(ncu.radians(-90.0), -0.5*np.pi)
+
+
+class TestHeavside:
+    def test_heaviside(self):
+        x = np.array([[-30.0, -0.1, 0.0, 0.2], [7.5, np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]])
+        expectedhalf = np.array([[0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0], [1.0, np.nan, 1.0, 0.0]])
+        expected1 = expectedhalf.copy()
+        expected1[0, 2] = 1
+
+        h = ncu.heaviside(x, 0.5)
+        assert_equal(h, expectedhalf)
+
+        h = ncu.heaviside(x, 1.0)
+        assert_equal(h, expected1)
+
+        x = x.astype(np.float32)
+
+        h = ncu.heaviside(x, np.float32(0.5))
+        assert_equal(h, expectedhalf.astype(np.float32))
+
+        h = ncu.heaviside(x, np.float32(1.0))
+        assert_equal(h, expected1.astype(np.float32))
+
+
+class TestSign:
+    def test_sign(self):
+        a = np.array([np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan, 0.0, 3.0, -3.0])
+        out = np.zeros(a.shape)
+        tgt = np.array([1., -1., np.nan, 0.0, 1.0, -1.0])
+
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            res = ncu.sign(a)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt)
+            res = ncu.sign(a, out)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt)
+            assert_equal(out, tgt)
+
+    def test_sign_dtype_object(self):
+        # In reference to github issue #6229
+
+        foo = np.array([-.1, 0, .1])
+        a = np.sign(foo.astype(object))
+        b = np.sign(foo)
+
+        assert_array_equal(a, b)
+
+    def test_sign_dtype_nan_object(self):
+        # In reference to github issue #6229
+        def test_nan():
+            foo = np.array([np.nan])
+            # FIXME: a not used
+            a = np.sign(foo.astype(object))
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, test_nan)
+
+class TestMinMax:
+    def test_minmax_blocked(self):
+        # simd tests on max/min, test all alignments, slow but important
+        # for 2 * vz + 2 * (vs - 1) + 1 (unrolled once)
+        for dt, sz in [(np.float32, 15), (np.float64, 7)]:
+            for out, inp, msg in _gen_alignment_data(dtype=dt, type='unary',
+                                                     max_size=sz):
+                for i in range(inp.size):
+                    inp[:] = np.arange(inp.size, dtype=dt)
+                    inp[i] = np.nan
+                    emsg = lambda: '%r\n%s' % (inp, msg)
+                    with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+                        sup.filter(RuntimeWarning,
+                                   "invalid value encountered in reduce")
+                        assert_(np.isnan(inp.max()), msg=emsg)
+                        assert_(np.isnan(inp.min()), msg=emsg)
+
+                    inp[i] = 1e10
+                    assert_equal(inp.max(), 1e10, err_msg=msg)
+                    inp[i] = -1e10
+                    assert_equal(inp.min(), -1e10, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_lower_align(self):
+        # check data that is not aligned to element size
+        # i.e doubles are aligned to 4 bytes on i386
+        d = np.zeros(23 * 8, dtype=np.int8)[4:-4].view(np.float64)
+        assert_equal(d.max(), d[0])
+        assert_equal(d.min(), d[0])
+
+    def test_reduce_reorder(self):
+        # gh 10370, 11029 Some compilers reorder the call to npy_getfloatstatus
+        # and put it before the call to an intrisic function that causes
+        # invalid status to be set. Also make sure warnings are not emitted
+        for n in (2, 4, 8, 16, 32):
+            for dt in (np.float32, np.float16, np.complex64):
+                for r in np.diagflat(np.array([np.nan] * n, dtype=dt)):
+                    assert_equal(np.min(r), np.nan)
+
+    def test_minimize_no_warns(self):
+        a = np.minimum(np.nan, 1)
+        assert_equal(a, np.nan)
+
+
+class TestAbsoluteNegative:
+    def test_abs_neg_blocked(self):
+        # simd tests on abs, test all alignments for vz + 2 * (vs - 1) + 1
+        for dt, sz in [(np.float32, 11), (np.float64, 5)]:
+            for out, inp, msg in _gen_alignment_data(dtype=dt, type='unary',
+                                                     max_size=sz):
+                tgt = [ncu.absolute(i) for i in inp]
+                np.absolute(inp, out=out)
+                assert_equal(out, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+                assert_((out >= 0).all())
+
+                tgt = [-1*(i) for i in inp]
+                np.negative(inp, out=out)
+                assert_equal(out, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+
+                for v in [np.nan, -np.inf, np.inf]:
+                    for i in range(inp.size):
+                        d = np.arange(inp.size, dtype=dt)
+                        inp[:] = -d
+                        inp[i] = v
+                        d[i] = -v if v == -np.inf else v
+                        assert_array_equal(np.abs(inp), d, err_msg=msg)
+                        np.abs(inp, out=out)
+                        assert_array_equal(out, d, err_msg=msg)
+
+                        assert_array_equal(-inp, -1*inp, err_msg=msg)
+                        d = -1 * inp
+                        np.negative(inp, out=out)
+                        assert_array_equal(out, d, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_lower_align(self):
+        # check data that is not aligned to element size
+        # i.e doubles are aligned to 4 bytes on i386
+        d = np.zeros(23 * 8, dtype=np.int8)[4:-4].view(np.float64)
+        assert_equal(np.abs(d), d)
+        assert_equal(np.negative(d), -d)
+        np.negative(d, out=d)
+        np.negative(np.ones_like(d), out=d)
+        np.abs(d, out=d)
+        np.abs(np.ones_like(d), out=d)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ['d', 'f', 'int32', 'int64'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("big", [True, False])
+    def test_noncontiguous(self, dtype, big):
+        data = np.array([-1.0, 1.0, -0.0, 0.0, 2.2251e-308, -2.5, 2.5, -6,
+                            6, -2.2251e-308, -8, 10], dtype=dtype)
+        expect = np.array([1.0, -1.0, 0.0, -0.0, -2.2251e-308, 2.5, -2.5, 6,
+                            -6, 2.2251e-308, 8, -10], dtype=dtype)
+        if big:
+            data = np.repeat(data, 10)
+            expect = np.repeat(expect, 10)
+        out = np.ndarray(data.shape, dtype=dtype)
+        ncontig_in = data[1::2]
+        ncontig_out = out[1::2]
+        contig_in = np.array(ncontig_in)
+        # contig in, contig out
+        assert_array_equal(np.negative(contig_in), expect[1::2])
+        # contig in, ncontig out
+        assert_array_equal(np.negative(contig_in, out=ncontig_out),
+                                expect[1::2])
+        # ncontig in, contig out
+        assert_array_equal(np.negative(ncontig_in), expect[1::2])
+        # ncontig in, ncontig out
+        assert_array_equal(np.negative(ncontig_in, out=ncontig_out),
+                                expect[1::2])
+        # contig in, contig out, nd stride
+        data_split = np.array(np.array_split(data, 2))
+        expect_split = np.array(np.array_split(expect, 2))
+        assert_equal(np.negative(data_split), expect_split)
+
+
+class TestPositive:
+    def test_valid(self):
+        valid_dtypes = [int, float, complex, object]
+        for dtype in valid_dtypes:
+            x = np.arange(5, dtype=dtype)
+            result = np.positive(x)
+            assert_equal(x, result, err_msg=str(dtype))
+
+    def test_invalid(self):
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            np.positive(True)
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            np.positive(np.datetime64('2000-01-01'))
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            np.positive(np.array(['foo'], dtype=str))
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            np.positive(np.array(['bar'], dtype=object))
+
+
+class TestSpecialMethods:
+    def test_wrap(self):
+
+        class with_wrap:
+            def __array__(self):
+                return np.zeros(1)
+
+            def __array_wrap__(self, arr, context):
+                r = with_wrap()
+                r.arr = arr
+                r.context = context
+                return r
+
+        a = with_wrap()
+        x = ncu.minimum(a, a)
+        assert_equal(x.arr, np.zeros(1))
+        func, args, i = x.context
+        assert_(func is ncu.minimum)
+        assert_equal(len(args), 2)
+        assert_equal(args[0], a)
+        assert_equal(args[1], a)
+        assert_equal(i, 0)
+
+    def test_wrap_and_prepare_out(self):
+        # Calling convention for out should not affect how special methods are
+        # called
+
+        class StoreArrayPrepareWrap(np.ndarray):
+            _wrap_args = None
+            _prepare_args = None
+            def __new__(cls):
+                return np.zeros(()).view(cls)
+            def __array_wrap__(self, obj, context):
+                self._wrap_args = context[1]
+                return obj
+            def __array_prepare__(self, obj, context):
+                self._prepare_args = context[1]
+                return obj
+            @property
+            def args(self):
+                # We need to ensure these are fetched at the same time, before
+                # any other ufuncs are called by the assertions
+                return (self._prepare_args, self._wrap_args)
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "a"  # for short test output
+
+        def do_test(f_call, f_expected):
+            a = StoreArrayPrepareWrap()
+            f_call(a)
+            p, w = a.args
+            expected = f_expected(a)
+            try:
+                assert_equal(p, expected)
+                assert_equal(w, expected)
+            except AssertionError as e:
+                # assert_equal produces truly useless error messages
+                raise AssertionError("\n".join([
+                    "Bad arguments passed in ufunc call",
+                    " expected:              {}".format(expected),
+                    " __array_prepare__ got: {}".format(p),
+                    " __array_wrap__ got:    {}".format(w)
+                ]))
+
+        # method not on the out argument
+        do_test(lambda a: np.add(a, 0),              lambda a: (a, 0))
+        do_test(lambda a: np.add(a, 0, None),        lambda a: (a, 0))
+        do_test(lambda a: np.add(a, 0, out=None),    lambda a: (a, 0))
+        do_test(lambda a: np.add(a, 0, out=(None,)), lambda a: (a, 0))
+
+        # method on the out argument
+        do_test(lambda a: np.add(0, 0, a),           lambda a: (0, 0, a))
+        do_test(lambda a: np.add(0, 0, out=a),       lambda a: (0, 0, a))
+        do_test(lambda a: np.add(0, 0, out=(a,)),    lambda a: (0, 0, a))
+
+        # Also check the where mask handling:
+        do_test(lambda a: np.add(a, 0, where=False), lambda a: (a, 0))
+        do_test(lambda a: np.add(0, 0, a, where=False), lambda a: (0, 0, a))
+
+    def test_wrap_with_iterable(self):
+        # test fix for bug #1026:
+
+        class with_wrap(np.ndarray):
+            __array_priority__ = 10
+
+            def __new__(cls):
+                return np.asarray(1).view(cls).copy()
+
+            def __array_wrap__(self, arr, context):
+                return arr.view(type(self))
+
+        a = with_wrap()
+        x = ncu.multiply(a, (1, 2, 3))
+        assert_(isinstance(x, with_wrap))
+        assert_array_equal(x, np.array((1, 2, 3)))
+
+    def test_priority_with_scalar(self):
+        # test fix for bug #826:
+
+        class A(np.ndarray):
+            __array_priority__ = 10
+
+            def __new__(cls):
+                return np.asarray(1.0, 'float64').view(cls).copy()
+
+        a = A()
+        x = np.float64(1)*a
+        assert_(isinstance(x, A))
+        assert_array_equal(x, np.array(1))
+
+    def test_old_wrap(self):
+
+        class with_wrap:
+            def __array__(self):
+                return np.zeros(1)
+
+            def __array_wrap__(self, arr):
+                r = with_wrap()
+                r.arr = arr
+                return r
+
+        a = with_wrap()
+        x = ncu.minimum(a, a)
+        assert_equal(x.arr, np.zeros(1))
+
+    def test_priority(self):
+
+        class A:
+            def __array__(self):
+                return np.zeros(1)
+
+            def __array_wrap__(self, arr, context):
+                r = type(self)()
+                r.arr = arr
+                r.context = context
+                return r
+
+        class B(A):
+            __array_priority__ = 20.
+
+        class C(A):
+            __array_priority__ = 40.
+
+        x = np.zeros(1)
+        a = A()
+        b = B()
+        c = C()
+        f = ncu.minimum
+        assert_(type(f(x, x)) is np.ndarray)
+        assert_(type(f(x, a)) is A)
+        assert_(type(f(x, b)) is B)
+        assert_(type(f(x, c)) is C)
+        assert_(type(f(a, x)) is A)
+        assert_(type(f(b, x)) is B)
+        assert_(type(f(c, x)) is C)
+
+        assert_(type(f(a, a)) is A)
+        assert_(type(f(a, b)) is B)
+        assert_(type(f(b, a)) is B)
+        assert_(type(f(b, b)) is B)
+        assert_(type(f(b, c)) is C)
+        assert_(type(f(c, b)) is C)
+        assert_(type(f(c, c)) is C)
+
+        assert_(type(ncu.exp(a) is A))
+        assert_(type(ncu.exp(b) is B))
+        assert_(type(ncu.exp(c) is C))
+
+    def test_failing_wrap(self):
+
+        class A:
+            def __array__(self):
+                return np.zeros(2)
+
+            def __array_wrap__(self, arr, context):
+                raise RuntimeError
+
+        a = A()
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, ncu.maximum, a, a)
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, ncu.maximum.reduce, a)
+
+    def test_failing_out_wrap(self):
+
+        singleton = np.array([1.0])
+
+        class Ok(np.ndarray):
+            def __array_wrap__(self, obj):
+                return singleton
+
+        class Bad(np.ndarray):
+            def __array_wrap__(self, obj):
+                raise RuntimeError
+
+        ok = np.empty(1).view(Ok)
+        bad = np.empty(1).view(Bad)
+        # double-free (segfault) of "ok" if "bad" raises an exception
+        for i in range(10):
+            assert_raises(RuntimeError, ncu.frexp, 1, ok, bad)
+
+    def test_none_wrap(self):
+        # Tests that issue #8507 is resolved. Previously, this would segfault
+
+        class A:
+            def __array__(self):
+                return np.zeros(1)
+
+            def __array_wrap__(self, arr, context=None):
+                return None
+
+        a = A()
+        assert_equal(ncu.maximum(a, a), None)
+
+    def test_default_prepare(self):
+
+        class with_wrap:
+            __array_priority__ = 10
+
+            def __array__(self):
+                return np.zeros(1)
+
+            def __array_wrap__(self, arr, context):
+                return arr
+
+        a = with_wrap()
+        x = ncu.minimum(a, a)
+        assert_equal(x, np.zeros(1))
+        assert_equal(type(x), np.ndarray)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("use_where", [True, False])
+    def test_prepare(self, use_where):
+
+        class with_prepare(np.ndarray):
+            __array_priority__ = 10
+
+            def __array_prepare__(self, arr, context):
+                # make sure we can return a new
+                return np.array(arr).view(type=with_prepare)
+
+        a = np.array(1).view(type=with_prepare)
+        if use_where:
+            x = np.add(a, a, where=np.array(True))
+        else:
+            x = np.add(a, a)
+        assert_equal(x, np.array(2))
+        assert_equal(type(x), with_prepare)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("use_where", [True, False])
+    def test_prepare_out(self, use_where):
+
+        class with_prepare(np.ndarray):
+            __array_priority__ = 10
+
+            def __array_prepare__(self, arr, context):
+                return np.array(arr).view(type=with_prepare)
+
+        a = np.array([1]).view(type=with_prepare)
+        if use_where:
+            x = np.add(a, a, a, where=[True])
+        else:
+            x = np.add(a, a, a)
+        # Returned array is new, because of the strange
+        # __array_prepare__ above
+        assert_(not np.shares_memory(x, a))
+        assert_equal(x, np.array([2]))
+        assert_equal(type(x), with_prepare)
+
+    def test_failing_prepare(self):
+
+        class A:
+            def __array__(self):
+                return np.zeros(1)
+
+            def __array_prepare__(self, arr, context=None):
+                raise RuntimeError
+
+        a = A()
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, ncu.maximum, a, a)
+        assert_raises(RuntimeError, ncu.maximum, a, a, where=False)
+
+    def test_array_too_many_args(self):
+
+        class A:
+            def __array__(self, dtype, context):
+                return np.zeros(1)
+
+        a = A()
+        assert_raises_regex(TypeError, '2 required positional', np.sum, a)
+
+    def test_ufunc_override(self):
+        # check override works even with instance with high priority.
+        class A:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, func, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                return self, func, method, inputs, kwargs
+
+        class MyNDArray(np.ndarray):
+            __array_priority__ = 100
+
+        a = A()
+        b = np.array([1]).view(MyNDArray)
+        res0 = np.multiply(a, b)
+        res1 = np.multiply(b, b, out=a)
+
+        # self
+        assert_equal(res0[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res1[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res0[1], np.multiply)
+        assert_equal(res1[1], np.multiply)
+        assert_equal(res0[2], '__call__')
+        assert_equal(res1[2], '__call__')
+        assert_equal(res0[3], (a, b))
+        assert_equal(res1[3], (b, b))
+        assert_equal(res0[4], {})
+        assert_equal(res1[4], {'out': (a,)})
+
+    def test_ufunc_override_mro(self):
+
+        # Some multi arg functions for testing.
+        def tres_mul(a, b, c):
+            return a * b * c
+
+        def quatro_mul(a, b, c, d):
+            return a * b * c * d
+
+        # Make these into ufuncs.
+        three_mul_ufunc = np.frompyfunc(tres_mul, 3, 1)
+        four_mul_ufunc = np.frompyfunc(quatro_mul, 4, 1)
+
+        class A:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, func, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                return "A"
+
+        class ASub(A):
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, func, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                return "ASub"
+
+        class B:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, func, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                return "B"
+
+        class C:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.count = 0
+
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, func, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                self.count += 1
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        class CSub(C):
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, func, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                self.count += 1
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        a = A()
+        a_sub = ASub()
+        b = B()
+        c = C()
+
+        # Standard
+        res = np.multiply(a, a_sub)
+        assert_equal(res, "ASub")
+        res = np.multiply(a_sub, b)
+        assert_equal(res, "ASub")
+
+        # With 1 NotImplemented
+        res = np.multiply(c, a)
+        assert_equal(res, "A")
+        assert_equal(c.count, 1)
+        # Check our counter works, so we can trust tests below.
+        res = np.multiply(c, a)
+        assert_equal(c.count, 2)
+
+        # Both NotImplemented.
+        c = C()
+        c_sub = CSub()
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, c, c_sub)
+        assert_equal(c.count, 1)
+        assert_equal(c_sub.count, 1)
+        c.count = c_sub.count = 0
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, c_sub, c)
+        assert_equal(c.count, 1)
+        assert_equal(c_sub.count, 1)
+        c.count = 0
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, c, c)
+        assert_equal(c.count, 1)
+        c.count = 0
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, 2, c)
+        assert_equal(c.count, 1)
+
+        # Ternary testing.
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(a, 1, 2), "A")
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(1, a, 2), "A")
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(1, 2, a), "A")
+
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(a, a, 6), "A")
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(a, 2, a), "A")
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(a, 2, b), "A")
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(a, 2, a_sub), "ASub")
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(a, a_sub, 3), "ASub")
+        c.count = 0
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(c, a_sub, 3), "ASub")
+        assert_equal(c.count, 1)
+        c.count = 0
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(1, a_sub, c), "ASub")
+        assert_equal(c.count, 0)
+
+        c.count = 0
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(a, b, c), "A")
+        assert_equal(c.count, 0)
+        c_sub.count = 0
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(a, b, c_sub), "A")
+        assert_equal(c_sub.count, 0)
+        assert_equal(three_mul_ufunc(1, 2, b), "B")
+
+        assert_raises(TypeError, three_mul_ufunc, 1, 2, c)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, three_mul_ufunc, c_sub, 2, c)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, three_mul_ufunc, c_sub, 2, 3)
+
+        # Quaternary testing.
+        assert_equal(four_mul_ufunc(a, 1, 2, 3), "A")
+        assert_equal(four_mul_ufunc(1, a, 2, 3), "A")
+        assert_equal(four_mul_ufunc(1, 1, a, 3), "A")
+        assert_equal(four_mul_ufunc(1, 1, 2, a), "A")
+
+        assert_equal(four_mul_ufunc(a, b, 2, 3), "A")
+        assert_equal(four_mul_ufunc(1, a, 2, b), "A")
+        assert_equal(four_mul_ufunc(b, 1, a, 3), "B")
+        assert_equal(four_mul_ufunc(a_sub, 1, 2, a), "ASub")
+        assert_equal(four_mul_ufunc(a, 1, 2, a_sub), "ASub")
+
+        c = C()
+        c_sub = CSub()
+        assert_raises(TypeError, four_mul_ufunc, 1, 2, 3, c)
+        assert_equal(c.count, 1)
+        c.count = 0
+        assert_raises(TypeError, four_mul_ufunc, 1, 2, c_sub, c)
+        assert_equal(c_sub.count, 1)
+        assert_equal(c.count, 1)
+        c2 = C()
+        c.count = c_sub.count = 0
+        assert_raises(TypeError, four_mul_ufunc, 1, c, c_sub, c2)
+        assert_equal(c_sub.count, 1)
+        assert_equal(c.count, 1)
+        assert_equal(c2.count, 0)
+        c.count = c2.count = c_sub.count = 0
+        assert_raises(TypeError, four_mul_ufunc, c2, c, c_sub, c)
+        assert_equal(c_sub.count, 1)
+        assert_equal(c.count, 0)
+        assert_equal(c2.count, 1)
+
+    def test_ufunc_override_methods(self):
+
+        class A:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                return self, ufunc, method, inputs, kwargs
+
+        # __call__
+        a = A()
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            np.multiply.__call__(1, a, foo='bar', answer=42)
+        res = np.multiply.__call__(1, a, subok='bar', where=42)
+        assert_equal(res[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res[1], np.multiply)
+        assert_equal(res[2], '__call__')
+        assert_equal(res[3], (1, a))
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'subok': 'bar', 'where': 42})
+
+        # __call__, wrong args
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, a)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, a, a, a, a)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, a, a, sig='a', signature='a')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, ncu_tests.inner1d, a, a, axis=0, axes=[0, 0])
+
+        # reduce, positional args
+        res = np.multiply.reduce(a, 'axis0', 'dtype0', 'out0', 'keep0')
+        assert_equal(res[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res[1], np.multiply)
+        assert_equal(res[2], 'reduce')
+        assert_equal(res[3], (a,))
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'dtype':'dtype0',
+                              'out': ('out0',),
+                              'keepdims': 'keep0',
+                              'axis': 'axis0'})
+
+        # reduce, kwargs
+        res = np.multiply.reduce(a, axis='axis0', dtype='dtype0', out='out0',
+                                 keepdims='keep0', initial='init0',
+                                 where='where0')
+        assert_equal(res[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res[1], np.multiply)
+        assert_equal(res[2], 'reduce')
+        assert_equal(res[3], (a,))
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'dtype':'dtype0',
+                              'out': ('out0',),
+                              'keepdims': 'keep0',
+                              'axis': 'axis0',
+                              'initial': 'init0',
+                              'where': 'where0'})
+
+        # reduce, output equal to None removed, but not other explicit ones,
+        # even if they are at their default value.
+        res = np.multiply.reduce(a, 0, None, None, False)
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': 0, 'dtype': None, 'keepdims': False})
+        res = np.multiply.reduce(a, out=None, axis=0, keepdims=True)
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': 0, 'keepdims': True})
+        res = np.multiply.reduce(a, None, out=(None,), dtype=None)
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': None, 'dtype': None})
+        res = np.multiply.reduce(a, 0, None, None, False, 2, True)
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': 0, 'dtype': None, 'keepdims': False,
+                              'initial': 2, 'where': True})
+        # np._NoValue ignored for initial
+        res = np.multiply.reduce(a, 0, None, None, False,
+                                 np._NoValue, True)
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': 0, 'dtype': None, 'keepdims': False,
+                              'where': True})
+        # None kept for initial, True for where.
+        res = np.multiply.reduce(a, 0, None, None, False, None, True)
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': 0, 'dtype': None, 'keepdims': False,
+                              'initial': None, 'where': True})
+
+        # reduce, wrong args
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.multiply.reduce, a, out=())
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.multiply.reduce, a, out=('out0', 'out1'))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply.reduce, a, 'axis0', axis='axis0')
+
+        # accumulate, pos args
+        res = np.multiply.accumulate(a, 'axis0', 'dtype0', 'out0')
+        assert_equal(res[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res[1], np.multiply)
+        assert_equal(res[2], 'accumulate')
+        assert_equal(res[3], (a,))
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'dtype':'dtype0',
+                              'out': ('out0',),
+                              'axis': 'axis0'})
+
+        # accumulate, kwargs
+        res = np.multiply.accumulate(a, axis='axis0', dtype='dtype0',
+                                     out='out0')
+        assert_equal(res[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res[1], np.multiply)
+        assert_equal(res[2], 'accumulate')
+        assert_equal(res[3], (a,))
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'dtype':'dtype0',
+                              'out': ('out0',),
+                              'axis': 'axis0'})
+
+        # accumulate, output equal to None removed.
+        res = np.multiply.accumulate(a, 0, None, None)
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': 0, 'dtype': None})
+        res = np.multiply.accumulate(a, out=None, axis=0, dtype='dtype1')
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': 0, 'dtype': 'dtype1'})
+        res = np.multiply.accumulate(a, None, out=(None,), dtype=None)
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': None, 'dtype': None})
+
+        # accumulate, wrong args
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.multiply.accumulate, a, out=())
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.multiply.accumulate, a,
+                      out=('out0', 'out1'))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply.accumulate, a,
+                      'axis0', axis='axis0')
+
+        # reduceat, pos args
+        res = np.multiply.reduceat(a, [4, 2], 'axis0', 'dtype0', 'out0')
+        assert_equal(res[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res[1], np.multiply)
+        assert_equal(res[2], 'reduceat')
+        assert_equal(res[3], (a, [4, 2]))
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'dtype':'dtype0',
+                              'out': ('out0',),
+                              'axis': 'axis0'})
+
+        # reduceat, kwargs
+        res = np.multiply.reduceat(a, [4, 2], axis='axis0', dtype='dtype0',
+                                   out='out0')
+        assert_equal(res[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res[1], np.multiply)
+        assert_equal(res[2], 'reduceat')
+        assert_equal(res[3], (a, [4, 2]))
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'dtype':'dtype0',
+                              'out': ('out0',),
+                              'axis': 'axis0'})
+
+        # reduceat, output equal to None removed.
+        res = np.multiply.reduceat(a, [4, 2], 0, None, None)
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': 0, 'dtype': None})
+        res = np.multiply.reduceat(a, [4, 2], axis=None, out=None, dtype='dt')
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': None, 'dtype': 'dt'})
+        res = np.multiply.reduceat(a, [4, 2], None, None, out=(None,))
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'axis': None, 'dtype': None})
+
+        # reduceat, wrong args
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.multiply.reduce, a, [4, 2], out=())
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.multiply.reduce, a, [4, 2],
+                      out=('out0', 'out1'))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply.reduce, a, [4, 2],
+                      'axis0', axis='axis0')
+
+        # outer
+        res = np.multiply.outer(a, 42)
+        assert_equal(res[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res[1], np.multiply)
+        assert_equal(res[2], 'outer')
+        assert_equal(res[3], (a, 42))
+        assert_equal(res[4], {})
+
+        # outer, wrong args
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply.outer, a)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply.outer, a, a, a, a)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply.outer, a, a, sig='a', signature='a')
+
+        # at
+        res = np.multiply.at(a, [4, 2], 'b0')
+        assert_equal(res[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res[1], np.multiply)
+        assert_equal(res[2], 'at')
+        assert_equal(res[3], (a, [4, 2], 'b0'))
+
+        # at, wrong args
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply.at, a)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply.at, a, a, a, a)
+
+    def test_ufunc_override_out(self):
+
+        class A:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                return kwargs
+
+        class B:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                return kwargs
+
+        a = A()
+        b = B()
+        res0 = np.multiply(a, b, 'out_arg')
+        res1 = np.multiply(a, b, out='out_arg')
+        res2 = np.multiply(2, b, 'out_arg')
+        res3 = np.multiply(3, b, out='out_arg')
+        res4 = np.multiply(a, 4, 'out_arg')
+        res5 = np.multiply(a, 5, out='out_arg')
+
+        assert_equal(res0['out'][0], 'out_arg')
+        assert_equal(res1['out'][0], 'out_arg')
+        assert_equal(res2['out'][0], 'out_arg')
+        assert_equal(res3['out'][0], 'out_arg')
+        assert_equal(res4['out'][0], 'out_arg')
+        assert_equal(res5['out'][0], 'out_arg')
+
+        # ufuncs with multiple output modf and frexp.
+        res6 = np.modf(a, 'out0', 'out1')
+        res7 = np.frexp(a, 'out0', 'out1')
+        assert_equal(res6['out'][0], 'out0')
+        assert_equal(res6['out'][1], 'out1')
+        assert_equal(res7['out'][0], 'out0')
+        assert_equal(res7['out'][1], 'out1')
+
+        # While we're at it, check that default output is never passed on.
+        assert_(np.sin(a, None) == {})
+        assert_(np.sin(a, out=None) == {})
+        assert_(np.sin(a, out=(None,)) == {})
+        assert_(np.modf(a, None) == {})
+        assert_(np.modf(a, None, None) == {})
+        assert_(np.modf(a, out=(None, None)) == {})
+        with assert_raises(TypeError):
+            # Out argument must be tuple, since there are multiple outputs.
+            np.modf(a, out=None)
+
+        # don't give positional and output argument, or too many arguments.
+        # wrong number of arguments in the tuple is an error too.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, a, b, 'one', out='two')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, a, b, 'one', 'two')
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.multiply, a, b, out=('one', 'two'))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, a, out=())
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.modf, a, 'one', out=('two', 'three'))
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.modf, a, 'one', 'two', 'three')
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.modf, a, out=('one', 'two', 'three'))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.modf, a, out=('one',))
+
+    def test_ufunc_override_where(self):
+
+        class OverriddenArrayOld(np.ndarray):
+
+            def _unwrap(self, objs):
+                cls = type(self)
+                result = []
+                for obj in objs:
+                    if isinstance(obj, cls):
+                        obj = np.array(obj)
+                    elif type(obj) != np.ndarray:
+                        return NotImplemented
+                    result.append(obj)
+                return result
+
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+
+                inputs = self._unwrap(inputs)
+                if inputs is NotImplemented:
+                    return NotImplemented
+
+                kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+                if "out" in kwargs:
+                    kwargs["out"] = self._unwrap(kwargs["out"])
+                    if kwargs["out"] is NotImplemented:
+                        return NotImplemented
+
+                r = super().__array_ufunc__(ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs)
+                if r is not NotImplemented:
+                    r = r.view(type(self))
+
+                return r
+
+        class OverriddenArrayNew(OverriddenArrayOld):
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+
+                kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+                if "where" in kwargs:
+                    kwargs["where"] = self._unwrap((kwargs["where"], ))
+                    if kwargs["where"] is NotImplemented:
+                        return NotImplemented
+                    else:
+                        kwargs["where"] = kwargs["where"][0]
+
+                r = super().__array_ufunc__(ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs)
+                if r is not NotImplemented:
+                    r = r.view(type(self))
+
+                return r
+
+        ufunc = np.negative
+
+        array = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+        where = np.array([True, False, True])
+        expected = ufunc(array, where=where)
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            ufunc(array, where=where.view(OverriddenArrayOld))
+
+        result_1 = ufunc(
+            array,
+            where=where.view(OverriddenArrayNew)
+        )
+        assert isinstance(result_1, OverriddenArrayNew)
+        assert np.all(np.array(result_1) == expected, where=where)
+
+        result_2 = ufunc(
+            array.view(OverriddenArrayNew),
+            where=where.view(OverriddenArrayNew)
+        )
+        assert isinstance(result_2, OverriddenArrayNew)
+        assert np.all(np.array(result_2) == expected, where=where)
+
+    def test_ufunc_override_exception(self):
+
+        class A:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, *a, **kwargs):
+                raise ValueError("oops")
+
+        a = A()
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.negative, 1, out=a)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.negative, a)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, np.divide, 1., a)
+
+    def test_ufunc_override_not_implemented(self):
+
+        class A:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        msg = ("operand type(s) all returned NotImplemented from "
+               "__array_ufunc__(, '__call__', <*>): 'A'")
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, fnmatch.translate(msg)):
+            np.negative(A())
+
+        msg = ("operand type(s) all returned NotImplemented from "
+               "__array_ufunc__(, '__call__', <*>, , "
+               "out=(1,)): 'A', 'object', 'int'")
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, fnmatch.translate(msg)):
+            np.add(A(), object(), out=1)
+
+    def test_ufunc_override_disabled(self):
+
+        class OptOut:
+            __array_ufunc__ = None
+
+        opt_out = OptOut()
+
+        # ufuncs always raise
+        msg = "operand 'OptOut' does not support ufuncs"
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, msg):
+            np.add(opt_out, 1)
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, msg):
+            np.add(1, opt_out)
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, msg):
+            np.negative(opt_out)
+
+        # opt-outs still hold even when other arguments have pathological
+        # __array_ufunc__ implementations
+
+        class GreedyArray:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                return self
+
+        greedy = GreedyArray()
+        assert_(np.negative(greedy) is greedy)
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, msg):
+            np.add(greedy, opt_out)
+        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, msg):
+            np.add(greedy, 1, out=opt_out)
+
+    def test_gufunc_override(self):
+        # gufunc are just ufunc instances, but follow a different path,
+        # so check __array_ufunc__ overrides them properly.
+        class A:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                return self, ufunc, method, inputs, kwargs
+
+        inner1d = ncu_tests.inner1d
+        a = A()
+        res = inner1d(a, a)
+        assert_equal(res[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res[1], inner1d)
+        assert_equal(res[2], '__call__')
+        assert_equal(res[3], (a, a))
+        assert_equal(res[4], {})
+
+        res = inner1d(1, 1, out=a)
+        assert_equal(res[0], a)
+        assert_equal(res[1], inner1d)
+        assert_equal(res[2], '__call__')
+        assert_equal(res[3], (1, 1))
+        assert_equal(res[4], {'out': (a,)})
+
+        # wrong number of arguments in the tuple is an error too.
+        assert_raises(TypeError, inner1d, a, out='two')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, inner1d, a, a, 'one', out='two')
+        assert_raises(TypeError, inner1d, a, a, 'one', 'two')
+        assert_raises(ValueError, inner1d, a, a, out=('one', 'two'))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, inner1d, a, a, out=())
+
+    def test_ufunc_override_with_super(self):
+        # NOTE: this class is used in doc/source/user/basics.subclassing.rst
+        # if you make any changes here, do update it there too.
+        class A(np.ndarray):
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, out=None, **kwargs):
+                args = []
+                in_no = []
+                for i, input_ in enumerate(inputs):
+                    if isinstance(input_, A):
+                        in_no.append(i)
+                        args.append(input_.view(np.ndarray))
+                    else:
+                        args.append(input_)
+
+                outputs = out
+                out_no = []
+                if outputs:
+                    out_args = []
+                    for j, output in enumerate(outputs):
+                        if isinstance(output, A):
+                            out_no.append(j)
+                            out_args.append(output.view(np.ndarray))
+                        else:
+                            out_args.append(output)
+                    kwargs['out'] = tuple(out_args)
+                else:
+                    outputs = (None,) * ufunc.nout
+
+                info = {}
+                if in_no:
+                    info['inputs'] = in_no
+                if out_no:
+                    info['outputs'] = out_no
+
+                results = super().__array_ufunc__(ufunc, method,
+                                                  *args, **kwargs)
+                if results is NotImplemented:
+                    return NotImplemented
+
+                if method == 'at':
+                    if isinstance(inputs[0], A):
+                        inputs[0].info = info
+                    return
+
+                if ufunc.nout == 1:
+                    results = (results,)
+
+                results = tuple((np.asarray(result).view(A)
+                                 if output is None else output)
+                                for result, output in zip(results, outputs))
+                if results and isinstance(results[0], A):
+                    results[0].info = info
+
+                return results[0] if len(results) == 1 else results
+
+        class B:
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                if any(isinstance(input_, A) for input_ in inputs):
+                    return "A!"
+                else:
+                    return NotImplemented
+
+        d = np.arange(5.)
+        # 1 input, 1 output
+        a = np.arange(5.).view(A)
+        b = np.sin(a)
+        check = np.sin(d)
+        assert_(np.all(check == b))
+        assert_equal(b.info, {'inputs': [0]})
+        b = np.sin(d, out=(a,))
+        assert_(np.all(check == b))
+        assert_equal(b.info, {'outputs': [0]})
+        assert_(b is a)
+        a = np.arange(5.).view(A)
+        b = np.sin(a, out=a)
+        assert_(np.all(check == b))
+        assert_equal(b.info, {'inputs': [0], 'outputs': [0]})
+
+        # 1 input, 2 outputs
+        a = np.arange(5.).view(A)
+        b1, b2 = np.modf(a)
+        assert_equal(b1.info, {'inputs': [0]})
+        b1, b2 = np.modf(d, out=(None, a))
+        assert_(b2 is a)
+        assert_equal(b1.info, {'outputs': [1]})
+        a = np.arange(5.).view(A)
+        b = np.arange(5.).view(A)
+        c1, c2 = np.modf(a, out=(a, b))
+        assert_(c1 is a)
+        assert_(c2 is b)
+        assert_equal(c1.info, {'inputs': [0], 'outputs': [0, 1]})
+
+        # 2 input, 1 output
+        a = np.arange(5.).view(A)
+        b = np.arange(5.).view(A)
+        c = np.add(a, b, out=a)
+        assert_(c is a)
+        assert_equal(c.info, {'inputs': [0, 1], 'outputs': [0]})
+        # some tests with a non-ndarray subclass
+        a = np.arange(5.)
+        b = B()
+        assert_(a.__array_ufunc__(np.add, '__call__', a, b) is NotImplemented)
+        assert_(b.__array_ufunc__(np.add, '__call__', a, b) is NotImplemented)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, a, b)
+        a = a.view(A)
+        assert_(a.__array_ufunc__(np.add, '__call__', a, b) is NotImplemented)
+        assert_(b.__array_ufunc__(np.add, '__call__', a, b) == "A!")
+        assert_(np.add(a, b) == "A!")
+        # regression check for gh-9102 -- tests ufunc.reduce implicitly.
+        d = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]])
+        a = d.view(A)
+        c = a.any()
+        check = d.any()
+        assert_equal(c, check)
+        assert_(c.info, {'inputs': [0]})
+        c = a.max()
+        check = d.max()
+        assert_equal(c, check)
+        assert_(c.info, {'inputs': [0]})
+        b = np.array(0).view(A)
+        c = a.max(out=b)
+        assert_equal(c, check)
+        assert_(c is b)
+        assert_(c.info, {'inputs': [0], 'outputs': [0]})
+        check = a.max(axis=0)
+        b = np.zeros_like(check).view(A)
+        c = a.max(axis=0, out=b)
+        assert_equal(c, check)
+        assert_(c is b)
+        assert_(c.info, {'inputs': [0], 'outputs': [0]})
+        # simple explicit tests of reduce, accumulate, reduceat
+        check = np.add.reduce(d, axis=1)
+        c = np.add.reduce(a, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(c, check)
+        assert_(c.info, {'inputs': [0]})
+        b = np.zeros_like(c)
+        c = np.add.reduce(a, 1, None, b)
+        assert_equal(c, check)
+        assert_(c is b)
+        assert_(c.info, {'inputs': [0], 'outputs': [0]})
+        check = np.add.accumulate(d, axis=0)
+        c = np.add.accumulate(a, axis=0)
+        assert_equal(c, check)
+        assert_(c.info, {'inputs': [0]})
+        b = np.zeros_like(c)
+        c = np.add.accumulate(a, 0, None, b)
+        assert_equal(c, check)
+        assert_(c is b)
+        assert_(c.info, {'inputs': [0], 'outputs': [0]})
+        indices = [0, 2, 1]
+        check = np.add.reduceat(d, indices, axis=1)
+        c = np.add.reduceat(a, indices, axis=1)
+        assert_equal(c, check)
+        assert_(c.info, {'inputs': [0]})
+        b = np.zeros_like(c)
+        c = np.add.reduceat(a, indices, 1, None, b)
+        assert_equal(c, check)
+        assert_(c is b)
+        assert_(c.info, {'inputs': [0], 'outputs': [0]})
+        # and a few tests for at
+        d = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]])
+        check = d.copy()
+        a = d.copy().view(A)
+        np.add.at(check, ([0, 1], [0, 2]), 1.)
+        np.add.at(a, ([0, 1], [0, 2]), 1.)
+        assert_equal(a, check)
+        assert_(a.info, {'inputs': [0]})
+        b = np.array(1.).view(A)
+        a = d.copy().view(A)
+        np.add.at(a, ([0, 1], [0, 2]), b)
+        assert_equal(a, check)
+        assert_(a.info, {'inputs': [0, 2]})
+
+    def test_array_ufunc_direct_call(self):
+        # This is mainly a regression test for gh-24023 (shouldn't segfault)
+        a = np.array(1)
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            a.__array_ufunc__()
+
+        # No kwargs means kwargs may be NULL on the C-level
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            a.__array_ufunc__(1, 2)
+
+        # And the same with a valid call:
+        res = a.__array_ufunc__(np.add, "__call__", a, a)
+        assert_array_equal(res, a + a)
+
+class TestChoose:
+    def test_mixed(self):
+        c = np.array([True, True])
+        a = np.array([True, True])
+        assert_equal(np.choose(c, (a, 1)), np.array([1, 1]))
+
+
+class TestRationalFunctions:
+    def test_lcm(self):
+        self._test_lcm_inner(np.int16)
+        self._test_lcm_inner(np.uint16)
+
+    def test_lcm_object(self):
+        self._test_lcm_inner(np.object_)
+
+    def test_gcd(self):
+        self._test_gcd_inner(np.int16)
+        self._test_lcm_inner(np.uint16)
+
+    def test_gcd_object(self):
+        self._test_gcd_inner(np.object_)
+
+    def _test_lcm_inner(self, dtype):
+        # basic use
+        a = np.array([12, 120], dtype=dtype)
+        b = np.array([20, 200], dtype=dtype)
+        assert_equal(np.lcm(a, b), [60, 600])
+
+        if not issubclass(dtype, np.unsignedinteger):
+            # negatives are ignored
+            a = np.array([12, -12,  12, -12], dtype=dtype)
+            b = np.array([20,  20, -20, -20], dtype=dtype)
+            assert_equal(np.lcm(a, b), [60]*4)
+
+        # reduce
+        a = np.array([3, 12, 20], dtype=dtype)
+        assert_equal(np.lcm.reduce([3, 12, 20]), 60)
+
+        # broadcasting, and a test including 0
+        a = np.arange(6).astype(dtype)
+        b = 20
+        assert_equal(np.lcm(a, b), [0, 20, 20, 60, 20, 20])
+
+    def _test_gcd_inner(self, dtype):
+        # basic use
+        a = np.array([12, 120], dtype=dtype)
+        b = np.array([20, 200], dtype=dtype)
+        assert_equal(np.gcd(a, b), [4, 40])
+
+        if not issubclass(dtype, np.unsignedinteger):
+            # negatives are ignored
+            a = np.array([12, -12,  12, -12], dtype=dtype)
+            b = np.array([20,  20, -20, -20], dtype=dtype)
+            assert_equal(np.gcd(a, b), [4]*4)
+
+        # reduce
+        a = np.array([15, 25, 35], dtype=dtype)
+        assert_equal(np.gcd.reduce(a), 5)
+
+        # broadcasting, and a test including 0
+        a = np.arange(6).astype(dtype)
+        b = 20
+        assert_equal(np.gcd(a, b), [20,  1,  2,  1,  4,  5])
+
+    def test_lcm_overflow(self):
+        # verify that we don't overflow when a*b does overflow
+        big = np.int32(np.iinfo(np.int32).max // 11)
+        a = 2*big
+        b = 5*big
+        assert_equal(np.lcm(a, b), 10*big)
+
+    def test_gcd_overflow(self):
+        for dtype in (np.int32, np.int64):
+            # verify that we don't overflow when taking abs(x)
+            # not relevant for lcm, where the result is unrepresentable anyway
+            a = dtype(np.iinfo(dtype).min)  # negative power of two
+            q = -(a // 4)
+            assert_equal(np.gcd(a,  q*3), q)
+            assert_equal(np.gcd(a, -q*3), q)
+
+    def test_decimal(self):
+        from decimal import Decimal
+        a = np.array([1,  1, -1, -1]) * Decimal('0.20')
+        b = np.array([1, -1,  1, -1]) * Decimal('0.12')
+
+        assert_equal(np.gcd(a, b), 4*[Decimal('0.04')])
+        assert_equal(np.lcm(a, b), 4*[Decimal('0.60')])
+
+    def test_float(self):
+        # not well-defined on float due to rounding errors
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.gcd, 0.3, 0.4)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, np.lcm, 0.3, 0.4)
+
+    def test_builtin_long(self):
+        # sanity check that array coercion is alright for builtin longs
+        assert_equal(np.array(2**200).item(), 2**200)
+
+        # expressed as prime factors
+        a = np.array(2**100 * 3**5)
+        b = np.array([2**100 * 5**7, 2**50 * 3**10])
+        assert_equal(np.gcd(a, b), [2**100,               2**50 * 3**5])
+        assert_equal(np.lcm(a, b), [2**100 * 3**5 * 5**7, 2**100 * 3**10])
+
+        assert_equal(np.gcd(2**100, 3**100), 1)
+
+
+class TestRoundingFunctions:
+
+    def test_object_direct(self):
+        """ test direct implementation of these magic methods """
+        class C:
+            def __floor__(self):
+                return 1
+            def __ceil__(self):
+                return 2
+            def __trunc__(self):
+                return 3
+
+        arr = np.array([C(), C()])
+        assert_equal(np.floor(arr), [1, 1])
+        assert_equal(np.ceil(arr),  [2, 2])
+        assert_equal(np.trunc(arr), [3, 3])
+
+    def test_object_indirect(self):
+        """ test implementations via __float__ """
+        class C:
+            def __float__(self):
+                return -2.5
+
+        arr = np.array([C(), C()])
+        assert_equal(np.floor(arr), [-3, -3])
+        assert_equal(np.ceil(arr),  [-2, -2])
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            np.trunc(arr)  # consistent with math.trunc
+
+    def test_fraction(self):
+        f = Fraction(-4, 3)
+        assert_equal(np.floor(f), -2)
+        assert_equal(np.ceil(f), -1)
+        assert_equal(np.trunc(f), -1)
+
+
+class TestComplexFunctions:
+    funcs = [np.arcsin,  np.arccos,  np.arctan, np.arcsinh, np.arccosh,
+             np.arctanh, np.sin,     np.cos,    np.tan,     np.exp,
+             np.exp2,    np.log,     np.sqrt,   np.log10,   np.log2,
+             np.log1p]
+
+    def test_it(self):
+        for f in self.funcs:
+            if f is np.arccosh:
+                x = 1.5
+            else:
+                x = .5
+            fr = f(x)
+            fz = f(complex(x))
+            assert_almost_equal(fz.real, fr, err_msg='real part %s' % f)
+            assert_almost_equal(fz.imag, 0., err_msg='imag part %s' % f)
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(IS_MUSL, reason="gh23049")
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(IS_WASM, reason="doesn't work")
+    def test_precisions_consistent(self):
+        z = 1 + 1j
+        for f in self.funcs:
+            fcf = f(np.csingle(z))
+            fcd = f(np.cdouble(z))
+            fcl = f(np.clongdouble(z))
+            assert_almost_equal(fcf, fcd, decimal=6, err_msg='fch-fcd %s' % f)
+            assert_almost_equal(fcl, fcd, decimal=15, err_msg='fch-fcl %s' % f)
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(IS_MUSL, reason="gh23049")
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(IS_WASM, reason="doesn't work")
+    def test_branch_cuts(self):
+        # check branch cuts and continuity on them
+        _check_branch_cut(np.log,   -0.5, 1j, 1, -1, True)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.log2,  -0.5, 1j, 1, -1, True)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.log10, -0.5, 1j, 1, -1, True)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.log1p, -1.5, 1j, 1, -1, True)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.sqrt,  -0.5, 1j, 1, -1, True)
+
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arcsin, [ -2, 2],   [1j, 1j], 1, -1, True)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arccos, [ -2, 2],   [1j, 1j], 1, -1, True)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arctan, [0-2j, 2j],  [1,  1], -1, 1, True)
+
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arcsinh, [0-2j,  2j], [1,   1], -1, 1, True)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arccosh, [ -1, 0.5], [1j,  1j], 1, -1, True)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arctanh, [ -2,   2], [1j, 1j], 1, -1, True)
+
+        # check against bogus branch cuts: assert continuity between quadrants
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arcsin, [0-2j, 2j], [ 1,  1], 1, 1)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arccos, [0-2j, 2j], [ 1,  1], 1, 1)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arctan, [ -2,  2], [1j, 1j], 1, 1)
+
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arcsinh, [ -2,  2, 0], [1j, 1j, 1], 1, 1)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arccosh, [0-2j, 2j, 2], [1,  1,  1j], 1, 1)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arctanh, [0-2j, 2j, 0], [1,  1,  1j], 1, 1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(IS_MUSL, reason="gh23049")
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(IS_WASM, reason="doesn't work")
+    def test_branch_cuts_complex64(self):
+        # check branch cuts and continuity on them
+        _check_branch_cut(np.log,   -0.5, 1j, 1, -1, True, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.log2,  -0.5, 1j, 1, -1, True, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.log10, -0.5, 1j, 1, -1, True, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.log1p, -1.5, 1j, 1, -1, True, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.sqrt,  -0.5, 1j, 1, -1, True, np.complex64)
+
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arcsin, [ -2, 2],   [1j, 1j], 1, -1, True, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arccos, [ -2, 2],   [1j, 1j], 1, -1, True, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arctan, [0-2j, 2j],  [1,  1], -1, 1, True, np.complex64)
+
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arcsinh, [0-2j,  2j], [1,   1], -1, 1, True, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arccosh, [ -1, 0.5], [1j,  1j], 1, -1, True, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arctanh, [ -2,   2], [1j, 1j], 1, -1, True, np.complex64)
+
+        # check against bogus branch cuts: assert continuity between quadrants
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arcsin, [0-2j, 2j], [ 1,  1], 1, 1, False, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arccos, [0-2j, 2j], [ 1,  1], 1, 1, False, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arctan, [ -2,  2], [1j, 1j], 1, 1, False, np.complex64)
+
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arcsinh, [ -2,  2, 0], [1j, 1j, 1], 1, 1, False, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arccosh, [0-2j, 2j, 2], [1,  1,  1j], 1, 1, False, np.complex64)
+        _check_branch_cut(np.arctanh, [0-2j, 2j, 0], [1,  1,  1j], 1, 1, False, np.complex64)
+
+    def test_against_cmath(self):
+        import cmath
+
+        points = [-1-1j, -1+1j, +1-1j, +1+1j]
+        name_map = {'arcsin': 'asin', 'arccos': 'acos', 'arctan': 'atan',
+                    'arcsinh': 'asinh', 'arccosh': 'acosh', 'arctanh': 'atanh'}
+        atol = 4*np.finfo(complex).eps
+        for func in self.funcs:
+            fname = func.__name__.split('.')[-1]
+            cname = name_map.get(fname, fname)
+            try:
+                cfunc = getattr(cmath, cname)
+            except AttributeError:
+                continue
+            for p in points:
+                a = complex(func(np.complex_(p)))
+                b = cfunc(p)
+                assert_(
+                    abs(a - b) < atol,
+                    "%s %s: %s; cmath: %s" % (fname, p, a, b)
+                )
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(
+        # manylinux2014 uses glibc2.17
+        _glibc_older_than("2.18"),
+        reason="Older glibc versions are imprecise (maybe passes with SIMD?)"
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(IS_MUSL, reason="gh23049")
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(IS_WASM, reason="doesn't work")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dtype', [np.complex64, np.complex_, np.longcomplex])
+    def test_loss_of_precision(self, dtype):
+        """Check loss of precision in complex arc* functions"""
+
+        # Check against known-good functions
+
+        info = np.finfo(dtype)
+        real_dtype = dtype(0.).real.dtype
+        eps = info.eps
+
+        def check(x, rtol):
+            x = x.astype(real_dtype)
+
+            z = x.astype(dtype)
+            d = np.absolute(np.arcsinh(x)/np.arcsinh(z).real - 1)
+            assert_(np.all(d < rtol), (np.argmax(d), x[np.argmax(d)], d.max(),
+                                      'arcsinh'))
+
+            z = (1j*x).astype(dtype)
+            d = np.absolute(np.arcsinh(x)/np.arcsin(z).imag - 1)
+            assert_(np.all(d < rtol), (np.argmax(d), x[np.argmax(d)], d.max(),
+                                      'arcsin'))
+
+            z = x.astype(dtype)
+            d = np.absolute(np.arctanh(x)/np.arctanh(z).real - 1)
+            assert_(np.all(d < rtol), (np.argmax(d), x[np.argmax(d)], d.max(),
+                                      'arctanh'))
+
+            z = (1j*x).astype(dtype)
+            d = np.absolute(np.arctanh(x)/np.arctan(z).imag - 1)
+            assert_(np.all(d < rtol), (np.argmax(d), x[np.argmax(d)], d.max(),
+                                      'arctan'))
+
+        # The switchover was chosen as 1e-3; hence there can be up to
+        # ~eps/1e-3 of relative cancellation error before it
+
+        x_series = np.logspace(-20, -3.001, 200)
+        x_basic = np.logspace(-2.999, 0, 10, endpoint=False)
+
+        if dtype is np.longcomplex:
+            if bad_arcsinh():
+                pytest.skip("Trig functions of np.longcomplex values known "
+                            "to be inaccurate on aarch64 and PPC for some "
+                            "compilation configurations.")
+            # It's not guaranteed that the system-provided arc functions
+            # are accurate down to a few epsilons. (Eg. on Linux 64-bit)
+            # So, give more leeway for long complex tests here:
+            check(x_series, 50.0*eps)
+        else:
+            check(x_series, 2.1*eps)
+        check(x_basic, 2.0*eps/1e-3)
+
+        # Check a few points
+
+        z = np.array([1e-5*(1+1j)], dtype=dtype)
+        p = 9.999999999333333333e-6 + 1.000000000066666666e-5j
+        d = np.absolute(1-np.arctanh(z)/p)
+        assert_(np.all(d < 1e-15))
+
+        p = 1.0000000000333333333e-5 + 9.999999999666666667e-6j
+        d = np.absolute(1-np.arcsinh(z)/p)
+        assert_(np.all(d < 1e-15))
+
+        p = 9.999999999333333333e-6j + 1.000000000066666666e-5
+        d = np.absolute(1-np.arctan(z)/p)
+        assert_(np.all(d < 1e-15))
+
+        p = 1.0000000000333333333e-5j + 9.999999999666666667e-6
+        d = np.absolute(1-np.arcsin(z)/p)
+        assert_(np.all(d < 1e-15))
+
+        # Check continuity across switchover points
+
+        def check(func, z0, d=1):
+            z0 = np.asarray(z0, dtype=dtype)
+            zp = z0 + abs(z0) * d * eps * 2
+            zm = z0 - abs(z0) * d * eps * 2
+            assert_(np.all(zp != zm), (zp, zm))
+
+            # NB: the cancellation error at the switchover is at least eps
+            good = (abs(func(zp) - func(zm)) < 2*eps)
+            assert_(np.all(good), (func, z0[~good]))
+
+        for func in (np.arcsinh, np.arcsinh, np.arcsin, np.arctanh, np.arctan):
+            pts = [rp+1j*ip for rp in (-1e-3, 0, 1e-3) for ip in(-1e-3, 0, 1e-3)
+                   if rp != 0 or ip != 0]
+            check(func, pts, 1)
+            check(func, pts, 1j)
+            check(func, pts, 1+1j)
+
+    @np.errstate(all="ignore")
+    def test_promotion_corner_cases(self):
+        for func in self.funcs:
+            assert func(np.float16(1)).dtype == np.float16
+            # Integer to low precision float promotion is a dubious choice:
+            assert func(np.uint8(1)).dtype == np.float16
+            assert func(np.int16(1)).dtype == np.float32
+
+
+class TestAttributes:
+    def test_attributes(self):
+        add = ncu.add
+        assert_equal(add.__name__, 'add')
+        assert_(add.ntypes >= 18)  # don't fail if types added
+        assert_('ii->i' in add.types)
+        assert_equal(add.nin, 2)
+        assert_equal(add.nout, 1)
+        assert_equal(add.identity, 0)
+
+    def test_doc(self):
+        # don't bother checking the long list of kwargs, which are likely to
+        # change
+        assert_(ncu.add.__doc__.startswith(
+            "add(x1, x2, /, out=None, *, where=True"))
+        assert_(ncu.frexp.__doc__.startswith(
+            "frexp(x[, out1, out2], / [, out=(None, None)], *, where=True"))
+
+
+class TestSubclass:
+
+    def test_subclass_op(self):
+
+        class simple(np.ndarray):
+            def __new__(subtype, shape):
+                self = np.ndarray.__new__(subtype, shape, dtype=object)
+                self.fill(0)
+                return self
+
+        a = simple((3, 4))
+        assert_equal(a+a, a)
+
+
+class TestFrompyfunc:
+
+    def test_identity(self):
+        def mul(a, b):
+            return a * b
+
+        # with identity=value
+        mul_ufunc = np.frompyfunc(mul, nin=2, nout=1, identity=1)
+        assert_equal(mul_ufunc.reduce([2, 3, 4]), 24)
+        assert_equal(mul_ufunc.reduce(np.ones((2, 2)), axis=(0, 1)), 1)
+        assert_equal(mul_ufunc.reduce([]), 1)
+
+        # with identity=None (reorderable)
+        mul_ufunc = np.frompyfunc(mul, nin=2, nout=1, identity=None)
+        assert_equal(mul_ufunc.reduce([2, 3, 4]), 24)
+        assert_equal(mul_ufunc.reduce(np.ones((2, 2)), axis=(0, 1)), 1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: mul_ufunc.reduce([]))
+
+        # with no identity (not reorderable)
+        mul_ufunc = np.frompyfunc(mul, nin=2, nout=1)
+        assert_equal(mul_ufunc.reduce([2, 3, 4]), 24)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: mul_ufunc.reduce(np.ones((2, 2)), axis=(0, 1)))
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: mul_ufunc.reduce([]))
+
+
+def _check_branch_cut(f, x0, dx, re_sign=1, im_sign=-1, sig_zero_ok=False,
+                      dtype=complex):
+    """
+    Check for a branch cut in a function.
+
+    Assert that `x0` lies on a branch cut of function `f` and `f` is
+    continuous from the direction `dx`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    f : func
+        Function to check
+    x0 : array-like
+        Point on branch cut
+    dx : array-like
+        Direction to check continuity in
+    re_sign, im_sign : {1, -1}
+        Change of sign of the real or imaginary part expected
+    sig_zero_ok : bool
+        Whether to check if the branch cut respects signed zero (if applicable)
+    dtype : dtype
+        Dtype to check (should be complex)
+
+    """
+    x0 = np.atleast_1d(x0).astype(dtype)
+    dx = np.atleast_1d(dx).astype(dtype)
+
+    if np.dtype(dtype).char == 'F':
+        scale = np.finfo(dtype).eps * 1e2
+        atol = np.float32(1e-2)
+    else:
+        scale = np.finfo(dtype).eps * 1e3
+        atol = 1e-4
+
+    y0 = f(x0)
+    yp = f(x0 + dx*scale*np.absolute(x0)/np.absolute(dx))
+    ym = f(x0 - dx*scale*np.absolute(x0)/np.absolute(dx))
+
+    assert_(np.all(np.absolute(y0.real - yp.real) < atol), (y0, yp))
+    assert_(np.all(np.absolute(y0.imag - yp.imag) < atol), (y0, yp))
+    assert_(np.all(np.absolute(y0.real - ym.real*re_sign) < atol), (y0, ym))
+    assert_(np.all(np.absolute(y0.imag - ym.imag*im_sign) < atol), (y0, ym))
+
+    if sig_zero_ok:
+        # check that signed zeros also work as a displacement
+        jr = (x0.real == 0) & (dx.real != 0)
+        ji = (x0.imag == 0) & (dx.imag != 0)
+        if np.any(jr):
+            x = x0[jr]
+            x.real = np.NZERO
+            ym = f(x)
+            assert_(np.all(np.absolute(y0[jr].real - ym.real*re_sign) < atol), (y0[jr], ym))
+            assert_(np.all(np.absolute(y0[jr].imag - ym.imag*im_sign) < atol), (y0[jr], ym))
+
+        if np.any(ji):
+            x = x0[ji]
+            x.imag = np.NZERO
+            ym = f(x)
+            assert_(np.all(np.absolute(y0[ji].real - ym.real*re_sign) < atol), (y0[ji], ym))
+            assert_(np.all(np.absolute(y0[ji].imag - ym.imag*im_sign) < atol), (y0[ji], ym))
+
+def test_copysign():
+    assert_(np.copysign(1, -1) == -1)
+    with np.errstate(divide="ignore"):
+        assert_(1 / np.copysign(0, -1) < 0)
+        assert_(1 / np.copysign(0, 1) > 0)
+    assert_(np.signbit(np.copysign(np.nan, -1)))
+    assert_(not np.signbit(np.copysign(np.nan, 1)))
+
+def _test_nextafter(t):
+    one = t(1)
+    two = t(2)
+    zero = t(0)
+    eps = np.finfo(t).eps
+    assert_(np.nextafter(one, two) - one == eps)
+    assert_(np.nextafter(one, zero) - one < 0)
+    assert_(np.isnan(np.nextafter(np.nan, one)))
+    assert_(np.isnan(np.nextafter(one, np.nan)))
+    assert_(np.nextafter(one, one) == one)
+
+def test_nextafter():
+    return _test_nextafter(np.float64)
+
+
+def test_nextafterf():
+    return _test_nextafter(np.float32)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(np.finfo(np.double) == np.finfo(np.longdouble),
+                    reason="long double is same as double")
+@pytest.mark.xfail(condition=platform.machine().startswith("ppc64"),
+                    reason="IBM double double")
+def test_nextafterl():
+    return _test_nextafter(np.longdouble)
+
+
+def test_nextafter_0():
+    for t, direction in itertools.product(np.sctypes['float'], (1, -1)):
+        # The value of tiny for double double is NaN, so we need to pass the
+        # assert
+        with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+            sup.filter(UserWarning)
+            if not np.isnan(np.finfo(t).tiny):
+                tiny = np.finfo(t).tiny
+                assert_(
+                    0. < direction * np.nextafter(t(0), t(direction)) < tiny)
+        assert_equal(np.nextafter(t(0), t(direction)) / t(2.1), direction * 0.0)
+
+def _test_spacing(t):
+    one = t(1)
+    eps = np.finfo(t).eps
+    nan = t(np.nan)
+    inf = t(np.inf)
+    with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+        assert_equal(np.spacing(one), eps)
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.spacing(nan)))
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.spacing(inf)))
+        assert_(np.isnan(np.spacing(-inf)))
+        assert_(np.spacing(t(1e30)) != 0)
+
+def test_spacing():
+    return _test_spacing(np.float64)
+
+def test_spacingf():
+    return _test_spacing(np.float32)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(np.finfo(np.double) == np.finfo(np.longdouble),
+                    reason="long double is same as double")
+@pytest.mark.xfail(condition=platform.machine().startswith("ppc64"),
+                    reason="IBM double double")
+def test_spacingl():
+    return _test_spacing(np.longdouble)
+
+def test_spacing_gfortran():
+    # Reference from this fortran file, built with gfortran 4.3.3 on linux
+    # 32bits:
+    #       PROGRAM test_spacing
+    #        INTEGER, PARAMETER :: SGL = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=6, r=37)
+    #        INTEGER, PARAMETER :: DBL = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=13, r=200)
+    #
+    #        WRITE(*,*) spacing(0.00001_DBL)
+    #        WRITE(*,*) spacing(1.0_DBL)
+    #        WRITE(*,*) spacing(1000._DBL)
+    #        WRITE(*,*) spacing(10500._DBL)
+    #
+    #        WRITE(*,*) spacing(0.00001_SGL)
+    #        WRITE(*,*) spacing(1.0_SGL)
+    #        WRITE(*,*) spacing(1000._SGL)
+    #        WRITE(*,*) spacing(10500._SGL)
+    #       END PROGRAM
+    ref = {np.float64: [1.69406589450860068E-021,
+                        2.22044604925031308E-016,
+                        1.13686837721616030E-013,
+                        1.81898940354585648E-012],
+           np.float32: [9.09494702E-13,
+                        1.19209290E-07,
+                        6.10351563E-05,
+                        9.76562500E-04]}
+
+    for dt, dec_ in zip([np.float32, np.float64], (10, 20)):
+        x = np.array([1e-5, 1, 1000, 10500], dtype=dt)
+        assert_array_almost_equal(np.spacing(x), ref[dt], decimal=dec_)
+
+def test_nextafter_vs_spacing():
+    # XXX: spacing does not handle long double yet
+    for t in [np.float32, np.float64]:
+        for _f in [1, 1e-5, 1000]:
+            f = t(_f)
+            f1 = t(_f + 1)
+            assert_(np.nextafter(f, f1) - f == np.spacing(f))
+
+def test_pos_nan():
+    """Check np.nan is a positive nan."""
+    assert_(np.signbit(np.nan) == 0)
+
+def test_reduceat():
+    """Test bug in reduceat when structured arrays are not copied."""
+    db = np.dtype([('name', 'S11'), ('time', np.int64), ('value', np.float32)])
+    a = np.empty([100], dtype=db)
+    a['name'] = 'Simple'
+    a['time'] = 10
+    a['value'] = 100
+    indx = [0, 7, 15, 25]
+
+    h2 = []
+    val1 = indx[0]
+    for val2 in indx[1:]:
+        h2.append(np.add.reduce(a['value'][val1:val2]))
+        val1 = val2
+    h2.append(np.add.reduce(a['value'][val1:]))
+    h2 = np.array(h2)
+
+    # test buffered -- this should work
+    h1 = np.add.reduceat(a['value'], indx)
+    assert_array_almost_equal(h1, h2)
+
+    # This is when the error occurs.
+    # test no buffer
+    np.setbufsize(32)
+    h1 = np.add.reduceat(a['value'], indx)
+    np.setbufsize(np.UFUNC_BUFSIZE_DEFAULT)
+    assert_array_almost_equal(h1, h2)
+
+def test_reduceat_empty():
+    """Reduceat should work with empty arrays"""
+    indices = np.array([], 'i4')
+    x = np.array([], 'f8')
+    result = np.add.reduceat(x, indices)
+    assert_equal(result.dtype, x.dtype)
+    assert_equal(result.shape, (0,))
+    # Another case with a slightly different zero-sized shape
+    x = np.ones((5, 2))
+    result = np.add.reduceat(x, [], axis=0)
+    assert_equal(result.dtype, x.dtype)
+    assert_equal(result.shape, (0, 2))
+    result = np.add.reduceat(x, [], axis=1)
+    assert_equal(result.dtype, x.dtype)
+    assert_equal(result.shape, (5, 0))
+
+def test_complex_nan_comparisons():
+    nans = [complex(np.nan, 0), complex(0, np.nan), complex(np.nan, np.nan)]
+    fins = [complex(1, 0), complex(-1, 0), complex(0, 1), complex(0, -1),
+            complex(1, 1), complex(-1, -1), complex(0, 0)]
+
+    with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+        for x in nans + fins:
+            x = np.array([x])
+            for y in nans + fins:
+                y = np.array([y])
+
+                if np.isfinite(x) and np.isfinite(y):
+                    continue
+
+                assert_equal(x < y, False, err_msg="%r < %r" % (x, y))
+                assert_equal(x > y, False, err_msg="%r > %r" % (x, y))
+                assert_equal(x <= y, False, err_msg="%r <= %r" % (x, y))
+                assert_equal(x >= y, False, err_msg="%r >= %r" % (x, y))
+                assert_equal(x == y, False, err_msg="%r == %r" % (x, y))
+
+
+def test_rint_big_int():
+    # np.rint bug for large integer values on Windows 32-bit and MKL
+    # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/6685
+    val = 4607998452777363968
+    # This is exactly representable in floating point
+    assert_equal(val, int(float(val)))
+    # Rint should not change the value
+    assert_equal(val, np.rint(val))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('ftype', [np.float32, np.float64])
+def test_memoverlap_accumulate(ftype):
+    # Reproduces bug https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/15597
+    arr = np.array([0.61, 0.60, 0.77, 0.41, 0.19], dtype=ftype)
+    out_max = np.array([0.61, 0.61, 0.77, 0.77, 0.77], dtype=ftype)
+    out_min = np.array([0.61, 0.60, 0.60, 0.41, 0.19], dtype=ftype)
+    assert_equal(np.maximum.accumulate(arr), out_max)
+    assert_equal(np.minimum.accumulate(arr), out_min)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc, dtype", [
+    (ufunc, t[0])
+    for ufunc in UFUNCS_BINARY_ACC
+    for t in ufunc.types
+    if t[-1] == '?' and t[0] not in 'DFGMmO'
+])
+def test_memoverlap_accumulate_cmp(ufunc, dtype):
+    if ufunc.signature:
+        pytest.skip('For generic signatures only')
+    for size in (2, 8, 32, 64, 128, 256):
+        arr = np.array([0, 1, 1]*size, dtype=dtype)
+        acc = ufunc.accumulate(arr, dtype='?')
+        acc_u8 = acc.view(np.uint8)
+        exp = np.array(list(itertools.accumulate(arr, ufunc)), dtype=np.uint8)
+        assert_equal(exp, acc_u8)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc, dtype", [
+    (ufunc, t[0])
+    for ufunc in UFUNCS_BINARY_ACC
+    for t in ufunc.types
+    if t[0] == t[1] and t[0] == t[-1] and t[0] not in 'DFGMmO?'
+])
+def test_memoverlap_accumulate_symmetric(ufunc, dtype):
+    if ufunc.signature:
+        pytest.skip('For generic signatures only')
+    with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+        for size in (2, 8, 32, 64, 128, 256):
+            arr = np.array([0, 1, 2]*size).astype(dtype)
+            acc = ufunc.accumulate(arr, dtype=dtype)
+            exp = np.array(list(itertools.accumulate(arr, ufunc)), dtype=dtype)
+            assert_equal(exp, acc)
+
+def test_signaling_nan_exceptions():
+    with assert_no_warnings():
+        a = np.ndarray(shape=(), dtype='float32', buffer=b'\x00\xe0\xbf\xff')
+        np.isnan(a)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("arr", [
+    np.arange(2),
+    np.matrix([0, 1]),
+    np.matrix([[0, 1], [2, 5]]),
+    ])
+def test_outer_subclass_preserve(arr):
+    # for gh-8661
+    class foo(np.ndarray): pass
+    actual = np.multiply.outer(arr.view(foo), arr.view(foo))
+    assert actual.__class__.__name__ == 'foo'
+
+def test_outer_bad_subclass():
+    class BadArr1(np.ndarray):
+        def __array_finalize__(self, obj):
+            # The outer call reshapes to 3 dims, try to do a bad reshape.
+            if self.ndim == 3:
+                self.shape = self.shape + (1,)
+
+        def __array_prepare__(self, obj, context=None):
+            return obj
+
+    class BadArr2(np.ndarray):
+        def __array_finalize__(self, obj):
+            if isinstance(obj, BadArr2):
+                # outer inserts 1-sized dims. In that case disturb them.
+                if self.shape[-1] == 1:
+                    self.shape = self.shape[::-1]
+
+        def __array_prepare__(self, obj, context=None):
+            return obj
+
+    for cls in [BadArr1, BadArr2]:
+        arr = np.ones((2, 3)).view(cls)
+        with assert_raises(TypeError) as a:
+            # The first array gets reshaped (not the second one)
+            np.add.outer(arr, [1, 2])
+
+        # This actually works, since we only see the reshaping error:
+        arr = np.ones((2, 3)).view(cls)
+        assert type(np.add.outer([1, 2], arr)) is cls
+
+def test_outer_exceeds_maxdims():
+    deep = np.ones((1,) * 17)
+    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+        np.add.outer(deep, deep)
+
+def test_bad_legacy_ufunc_silent_errors():
+    # legacy ufuncs can't report errors and NumPy can't check if the GIL
+    # is released.  So NumPy has to check after the GIL is released just to
+    # cover all bases.  `np.power` uses/used to use this.
+    arr = np.arange(3).astype(np.float64)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=r"How unexpected :\)!"):
+        ncu_tests.always_error(arr, arr)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=r"How unexpected :\)!"):
+        # not contiguous means the fast-path cannot be taken
+        non_contig = arr.repeat(20).reshape(-1, 6)[:, ::2]
+        ncu_tests.always_error(non_contig, arr)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=r"How unexpected :\)!"):
+        ncu_tests.always_error.outer(arr, arr)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=r"How unexpected :\)!"):
+        ncu_tests.always_error.reduce(arr)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=r"How unexpected :\)!"):
+        ncu_tests.always_error.reduceat(arr, [0, 1])
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=r"How unexpected :\)!"):
+        ncu_tests.always_error.accumulate(arr)
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=r"How unexpected :\)!"):
+        ncu_tests.always_error.at(arr, [0, 1, 2], arr)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('x1', [np.arange(3.0), [0.0, 1.0, 2.0]])
+def test_bad_legacy_gufunc_silent_errors(x1):
+    # Verify that an exception raised in a gufunc loop propagates correctly.
+    # The signature of always_error_gufunc is '(i),()->()'.
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=r"How unexpected :\)!"):
+        ncu_tests.always_error_gufunc(x1, 0.0)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_umath_accuracy.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_umath_accuracy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ee4d2fee080d1b04e9fb5af21fe3ef8a9f39596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_umath_accuracy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import numpy as np
+import os
+from os import path
+import sys
+import pytest
+from ctypes import c_longlong, c_double, c_float, c_int, cast, pointer, POINTER
+from numpy.testing import assert_array_max_ulp
+from numpy.testing._private.utils import _glibc_older_than
+from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import __cpu_features__
+
+UNARY_UFUNCS = [obj for obj in np.core.umath.__dict__.values() if
+        isinstance(obj, np.ufunc)]
+UNARY_OBJECT_UFUNCS = [uf for uf in UNARY_UFUNCS if "O->O" in uf.types]
+UNARY_OBJECT_UFUNCS.remove(getattr(np, 'invert'))
+
+IS_AVX = __cpu_features__.get('AVX512F', False) or \
+        (__cpu_features__.get('FMA3', False) and __cpu_features__.get('AVX2', False))
+# only run on linux with AVX, also avoid old glibc (numpy/numpy#20448).
+runtest = (sys.platform.startswith('linux')
+           and IS_AVX and not _glibc_older_than("2.17"))
+platform_skip = pytest.mark.skipif(not runtest,
+                                   reason="avoid testing inconsistent platform "
+                                   "library implementations")
+
+# convert string to hex function taken from:
+# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1592158/convert-hex-to-float #
+def convert(s, datatype="np.float32"):
+    i = int(s, 16)                   # convert from hex to a Python int
+    if (datatype == "np.float64"):
+        cp = pointer(c_longlong(i))           # make this into a c long long integer
+        fp = cast(cp, POINTER(c_double))  # cast the int pointer to a double pointer
+    else:
+        cp = pointer(c_int(i))           # make this into a c integer
+        fp = cast(cp, POINTER(c_float))  # cast the int pointer to a float pointer
+
+    return fp.contents.value         # dereference the pointer, get the float
+
+str_to_float = np.vectorize(convert)
+
+class TestAccuracy:
+    @platform_skip
+    def test_validate_transcendentals(self):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            data_dir = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), 'data')
+            files = os.listdir(data_dir)
+            files = list(filter(lambda f: f.endswith('.csv'), files))
+            for filename in files:
+                filepath = path.join(data_dir, filename)
+                with open(filepath) as fid:
+                    file_without_comments = (r for r in fid if not r[0] in ('$', '#'))
+                    data = np.genfromtxt(file_without_comments,
+                                         dtype=('|S39','|S39','|S39',int),
+                                         names=('type','input','output','ulperr'),
+                                         delimiter=',',
+                                         skip_header=1)
+                    npname = path.splitext(filename)[0].split('-')[3]
+                    npfunc = getattr(np, npname)
+                    for datatype in np.unique(data['type']):
+                        data_subset = data[data['type'] == datatype]
+                        inval  = np.array(str_to_float(data_subset['input'].astype(str), data_subset['type'].astype(str)), dtype=eval(datatype))
+                        outval = np.array(str_to_float(data_subset['output'].astype(str), data_subset['type'].astype(str)), dtype=eval(datatype))
+                        perm = np.random.permutation(len(inval))
+                        inval = inval[perm]
+                        outval = outval[perm]
+                        maxulperr = data_subset['ulperr'].max()
+                        assert_array_max_ulp(npfunc(inval), outval, maxulperr)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ufunc", UNARY_OBJECT_UFUNCS)
+    def test_validate_fp16_transcendentals(self, ufunc):
+        with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+            arr = np.arange(65536, dtype=np.int16)
+            datafp16 = np.frombuffer(arr.tobytes(), dtype=np.float16)
+            datafp32 = datafp16.astype(np.float32)
+            assert_array_max_ulp(ufunc(datafp16), ufunc(datafp32),
+                    maxulp=1, dtype=np.float16)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_umath_complex.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_umath_complex.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e54300589094f1580fdab50711e34852e7d51cf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/core/tests/test_umath_complex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+import sys
+import platform
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+# import the c-extension module directly since _arg is not exported via umath
+import numpy.core._multiarray_umath as ncu
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_raises, assert_equal, assert_array_equal, assert_almost_equal, assert_array_max_ulp
+    )
+
+# TODO: branch cuts (use Pauli code)
+# TODO: conj 'symmetry'
+# TODO: FPU exceptions
+
+# At least on Windows the results of many complex functions are not conforming
+# to the C99 standard. See ticket 1574.
+# Ditto for Solaris (ticket 1642) and OS X on PowerPC.
+#FIXME: this will probably change when we require full C99 campatibility
+with np.errstate(all='ignore'):
+    functions_seem_flaky = ((np.exp(complex(np.inf, 0)).imag != 0)
+                            or (np.log(complex(np.NZERO, 0)).imag != np.pi))
+# TODO: replace with a check on whether platform-provided C99 funcs are used
+xfail_complex_tests = (not sys.platform.startswith('linux') or functions_seem_flaky)
+
+# TODO This can be xfail when the generator functions are got rid of.
+platform_skip = pytest.mark.skipif(xfail_complex_tests,
+                                   reason="Inadequate C99 complex support")
+
+
+
+class TestCexp:
+    def test_simple(self):
+        check = check_complex_value
+        f = np.exp
+
+        check(f, 1, 0, np.exp(1), 0, False)
+        check(f, 0, 1, np.cos(1), np.sin(1), False)
+
+        ref = np.exp(1) * complex(np.cos(1), np.sin(1))
+        check(f, 1, 1, ref.real, ref.imag, False)
+
+    @platform_skip
+    def test_special_values(self):
+        # C99: Section G 6.3.1
+
+        check = check_complex_value
+        f = np.exp
+
+        # cexp(+-0 + 0i) is 1 + 0i
+        check(f, np.PZERO, 0, 1, 0, False)
+        check(f, np.NZERO, 0, 1, 0, False)
+
+        # cexp(x + infi) is nan + nani for finite x and raises 'invalid' FPU
+        # exception
+        check(f,  1, np.inf, np.nan, np.nan)
+        check(f, -1, np.inf, np.nan, np.nan)
+        check(f,  0, np.inf, np.nan, np.nan)
+
+        # cexp(inf + 0i) is inf + 0i
+        check(f,  np.inf, 0, np.inf, 0)
+
+        # cexp(-inf + yi) is +0 * (cos(y) + i sin(y)) for finite y
+        check(f,  -np.inf, 1, np.PZERO, np.PZERO)
+        check(f,  -np.inf, 0.75 * np.pi, np.NZERO, np.PZERO)
+
+        # cexp(inf + yi) is +inf * (cos(y) + i sin(y)) for finite y
+        check(f,  np.inf, 1, np.inf, np.inf)
+        check(f,  np.inf, 0.75 * np.pi, -np.inf, np.inf)
+
+        # cexp(-inf + inf i) is +-0 +- 0i (signs unspecified)
+        def _check_ninf_inf(dummy):
+            msgform = "cexp(-inf, inf) is (%f, %f), expected (+-0, +-0)"
+            with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+                z = f(np.array(complex(-np.inf, np.inf)))
+                if z.real != 0 or z.imag != 0:
+                    raise AssertionError(msgform % (z.real, z.imag))
+
+        _check_ninf_inf(None)
+
+        # cexp(inf + inf i) is +-inf + NaNi and raised invalid FPU ex.
+        def _check_inf_inf(dummy):
+            msgform = "cexp(inf, inf) is (%f, %f), expected (+-inf, nan)"
+            with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+                z = f(np.array(complex(np.inf, np.inf)))
+                if not np.isinf(z.real) or not np.isnan(z.imag):
+                    raise AssertionError(msgform % (z.real, z.imag))
+
+        _check_inf_inf(None)
+
+        # cexp(-inf + nan i) is +-0 +- 0i
+        def _check_ninf_nan(dummy):
+            msgform = "cexp(-inf, nan) is (%f, %f), expected (+-0, +-0)"
+            with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+                z = f(np.array(complex(-np.inf, np.nan)))
+                if z.real != 0 or z.imag != 0:
+                    raise AssertionError(msgform % (z.real, z.imag))
+
+        _check_ninf_nan(None)
+
+        # cexp(inf + nan i) is +-inf + nan
+        def _check_inf_nan(dummy):
+            msgform = "cexp(-inf, nan) is (%f, %f), expected (+-inf, nan)"
+            with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+                z = f(np.array(complex(np.inf, np.nan)))
+                if not np.isinf(z.real) or not np.isnan(z.imag):
+                    raise AssertionError(msgform % (z.real, z.imag))
+
+        _check_inf_nan(None)
+
+        # cexp(nan + yi) is nan + nani for y != 0 (optional: raises invalid FPU
+        # ex)
+        check(f, np.nan, 1, np.nan, np.nan)
+        check(f, np.nan, -1, np.nan, np.nan)
+
+        check(f, np.nan,  np.inf, np.nan, np.nan)
+        check(f, np.nan, -np.inf, np.nan, np.nan)
+
+        # cexp(nan + nani) is nan + nani
+        check(f, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan)
+
+    # TODO This can be xfail when the generator functions are got rid of.
+    @pytest.mark.skip(reason="cexp(nan + 0I) is wrong on most platforms")
+    def test_special_values2(self):
+        # XXX: most implementations get it wrong here (including glibc <= 2.10)
+        # cexp(nan + 0i) is nan + 0i
+        check = check_complex_value
+        f = np.exp
+
+        check(f, np.nan, 0, np.nan, 0)
+
+class TestClog:
+    def test_simple(self):
+        x = np.array([1+0j, 1+2j])
+        y_r = np.log(np.abs(x)) + 1j * np.angle(x)
+        y = np.log(x)
+        assert_almost_equal(y, y_r)
+
+    @platform_skip
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(platform.machine() == "armv5tel", reason="See gh-413.")
+    def test_special_values(self):
+        xl = []
+        yl = []
+
+        # From C99 std (Sec 6.3.2)
+        # XXX: check exceptions raised
+        # --- raise for invalid fails.
+
+        # clog(-0 + i0) returns -inf + i pi and raises the 'divide-by-zero'
+        # floating-point exception.
+        with np.errstate(divide='raise'):
+            x = np.array([np.NZERO], dtype=complex)
+            y = complex(-np.inf, np.pi)
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log, x)
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
+            assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(+0 + i0) returns -inf + i0 and raises the 'divide-by-zero'
+        # floating-point exception.
+        with np.errstate(divide='raise'):
+            x = np.array([0], dtype=complex)
+            y = complex(-np.inf, 0)
+            assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log, x)
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
+            assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(x + i inf returns +inf + i pi /2, for finite x.
+        x = np.array([complex(1, np.inf)], dtype=complex)
+        y = complex(np.inf, 0.5 * np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        x = np.array([complex(-1, np.inf)], dtype=complex)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(x + iNaN) returns NaN + iNaN and optionally raises the
+        # 'invalid' floating- point exception, for finite x.
+        with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+            x = np.array([complex(1., np.nan)], dtype=complex)
+            y = complex(np.nan, np.nan)
+            #assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log, x)
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        with np.errstate(invalid='raise'):
+            x = np.array([np.inf + 1j * np.nan], dtype=complex)
+            #assert_raises(FloatingPointError, np.log, x)
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(- inf + iy) returns +inf + ipi , for finite positive-signed y.
+        x = np.array([-np.inf + 1j], dtype=complex)
+        y = complex(np.inf, np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(+ inf + iy) returns +inf + i0, for finite positive-signed y.
+        x = np.array([np.inf + 1j], dtype=complex)
+        y = complex(np.inf, 0)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(- inf + i inf) returns +inf + i3pi /4.
+        x = np.array([complex(-np.inf, np.inf)], dtype=complex)
+        y = complex(np.inf, 0.75 * np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(+ inf + i inf) returns +inf + ipi /4.
+        x = np.array([complex(np.inf, np.inf)], dtype=complex)
+        y = complex(np.inf, 0.25 * np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(+/- inf + iNaN) returns +inf + iNaN.
+        x = np.array([complex(np.inf, np.nan)], dtype=complex)
+        y = complex(np.inf, np.nan)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        x = np.array([complex(-np.inf, np.nan)], dtype=complex)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(NaN + iy) returns NaN + iNaN and optionally raises the
+        # 'invalid' floating-point exception, for finite y.
+        x = np.array([complex(np.nan, 1)], dtype=complex)
+        y = complex(np.nan, np.nan)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(NaN + i inf) returns +inf + iNaN.
+        x = np.array([complex(np.nan, np.inf)], dtype=complex)
+        y = complex(np.inf, np.nan)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(NaN + iNaN) returns NaN + iNaN.
+        x = np.array([complex(np.nan, np.nan)], dtype=complex)
+        y = complex(np.nan, np.nan)
+        assert_almost_equal(np.log(x), y)
+        xl.append(x)
+        yl.append(y)
+
+        # clog(conj(z)) = conj(clog(z)).
+        xa = np.array(xl, dtype=complex)
+        ya = np.array(yl, dtype=complex)
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
+            for i in range(len(xa)):
+                assert_almost_equal(np.log(xa[i].conj()), ya[i].conj())
+
+
+class TestCsqrt:
+
+    def test_simple(self):
+        # sqrt(1)
+        check_complex_value(np.sqrt, 1, 0, 1, 0)
+
+        # sqrt(1i)
+        rres = 0.5*np.sqrt(2)
+        ires = rres
+        check_complex_value(np.sqrt, 0, 1, rres, ires, False)
+
+        # sqrt(-1)
+        check_complex_value(np.sqrt, -1, 0, 0, 1)
+
+    def test_simple_conjugate(self):
+        ref = np.conj(np.sqrt(complex(1, 1)))
+
+        def f(z):
+            return np.sqrt(np.conj(z))
+
+        check_complex_value(f, 1, 1, ref.real, ref.imag, False)
+
+    #def test_branch_cut(self):
+    #    _check_branch_cut(f, -1, 0, 1, -1)
+
+    @platform_skip
+    def test_special_values(self):
+        # C99: Sec G 6.4.2
+
+        check = check_complex_value
+        f = np.sqrt
+
+        # csqrt(+-0 + 0i) is 0 + 0i
+        check(f, np.PZERO, 0, 0, 0)
+        check(f, np.NZERO, 0, 0, 0)
+
+        # csqrt(x + infi) is inf + infi for any x (including NaN)
+        check(f,  1, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf)
+        check(f, -1, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf)
+
+        check(f, np.PZERO, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf)
+        check(f, np.NZERO, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf)
+        check(f,   np.inf, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf)
+        check(f,  -np.inf, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf)
+        check(f,  -np.nan, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf)
+
+        # csqrt(x + nani) is nan + nani for any finite x
+        check(f,  1, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan)
+        check(f, -1, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan)
+        check(f,  0, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan)
+
+        # csqrt(-inf + yi) is +0 + infi for any finite y > 0
+        check(f, -np.inf, 1, np.PZERO, np.inf)
+
+        # csqrt(inf + yi) is +inf + 0i for any finite y > 0
+        check(f, np.inf, 1, np.inf, np.PZERO)
+
+        # csqrt(-inf + nani) is nan +- infi (both +i infi are valid)
+        def _check_ninf_nan(dummy):
+            msgform = "csqrt(-inf, nan) is (%f, %f), expected (nan, +-inf)"
+            z = np.sqrt(np.array(complex(-np.inf, np.nan)))
+            #Fixme: ugly workaround for isinf bug.
+            with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+                if not (np.isnan(z.real) and np.isinf(z.imag)):
+                    raise AssertionError(msgform % (z.real, z.imag))
+
+        _check_ninf_nan(None)
+
+        # csqrt(+inf + nani) is inf + nani
+        check(f, np.inf, np.nan, np.inf, np.nan)
+
+        # csqrt(nan + yi) is nan + nani for any finite y (infinite handled in x
+        # + nani)
+        check(f, np.nan,       0, np.nan, np.nan)
+        check(f, np.nan,       1, np.nan, np.nan)
+        check(f, np.nan,  np.nan, np.nan, np.nan)
+
+        # XXX: check for conj(csqrt(z)) == csqrt(conj(z)) (need to fix branch
+        # cuts first)
+
+class TestCpow:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.olderr = np.seterr(invalid='ignore')
+
+    def teardown_method(self):
+        np.seterr(**self.olderr)
+
+    def test_simple(self):
+        x = np.array([1+1j, 0+2j, 1+2j, np.inf, np.nan])
+        y_r = x ** 2
+        y = np.power(x, 2)
+        assert_almost_equal(y, y_r)
+
+    def test_scalar(self):
+        x = np.array([1, 1j,         2,  2.5+.37j, np.inf, np.nan])
+        y = np.array([1, 1j, -0.5+1.5j, -0.5+1.5j,      2,      3])
+        lx = list(range(len(x)))
+
+        # Hardcode the expected `builtins.complex` values,
+        # as complex exponentiation is broken as of bpo-44698
+        p_r = [
+            1+0j,
+            0.20787957635076193+0j,
+            0.35812203996480685+0.6097119028618724j,
+            0.12659112128185032+0.48847676699581527j,
+            complex(np.inf, np.nan),
+            complex(np.nan, np.nan),
+        ]
+
+        n_r = [x[i] ** y[i] for i in lx]
+        for i in lx:
+            assert_almost_equal(n_r[i], p_r[i], err_msg='Loop %d\n' % i)
+
+    def test_array(self):
+        x = np.array([1, 1j,         2,  2.5+.37j, np.inf, np.nan])
+        y = np.array([1, 1j, -0.5+1.5j, -0.5+1.5j,      2,      3])
+        lx = list(range(len(x)))
+
+        # Hardcode the expected `builtins.complex` values,
+        # as complex exponentiation is broken as of bpo-44698
+        p_r = [
+            1+0j,
+            0.20787957635076193+0j,
+            0.35812203996480685+0.6097119028618724j,
+            0.12659112128185032+0.48847676699581527j,
+            complex(np.inf, np.nan),
+            complex(np.nan, np.nan),
+        ]
+
+        n_r = x ** y
+        for i in lx:
+            assert_almost_equal(n_r[i], p_r[i], err_msg='Loop %d\n' % i)
+
+class TestCabs:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.olderr = np.seterr(invalid='ignore')
+
+    def teardown_method(self):
+        np.seterr(**self.olderr)
+
+    def test_simple(self):
+        x = np.array([1+1j, 0+2j, 1+2j, np.inf, np.nan])
+        y_r = np.array([np.sqrt(2.), 2, np.sqrt(5), np.inf, np.nan])
+        y = np.abs(x)
+        assert_almost_equal(y, y_r)
+
+    def test_fabs(self):
+        # Test that np.abs(x +- 0j) == np.abs(x) (as mandated by C99 for cabs)
+        x = np.array([1+0j], dtype=complex)
+        assert_array_equal(np.abs(x), np.real(x))
+
+        x = np.array([complex(1, np.NZERO)], dtype=complex)
+        assert_array_equal(np.abs(x), np.real(x))
+
+        x = np.array([complex(np.inf, np.NZERO)], dtype=complex)
+        assert_array_equal(np.abs(x), np.real(x))
+
+        x = np.array([complex(np.nan, np.NZERO)], dtype=complex)
+        assert_array_equal(np.abs(x), np.real(x))
+
+    def test_cabs_inf_nan(self):
+        x, y = [], []
+
+        # cabs(+-nan + nani) returns nan
+        x.append(np.nan)
+        y.append(np.nan)
+        check_real_value(np.abs,  np.nan, np.nan, np.nan)
+
+        x.append(np.nan)
+        y.append(-np.nan)
+        check_real_value(np.abs, -np.nan, np.nan, np.nan)
+
+        # According to C99 standard, if exactly one of the real/part is inf and
+        # the other nan, then cabs should return inf
+        x.append(np.inf)
+        y.append(np.nan)
+        check_real_value(np.abs,  np.inf, np.nan, np.inf)
+
+        x.append(-np.inf)
+        y.append(np.nan)
+        check_real_value(np.abs, -np.inf, np.nan, np.inf)
+
+        # cabs(conj(z)) == conj(cabs(z)) (= cabs(z))
+        def f(a):
+            return np.abs(np.conj(a))
+
+        def g(a, b):
+            return np.abs(complex(a, b))
+
+        xa = np.array(x, dtype=complex)
+        assert len(xa) == len(x) == len(y)
+        for xi, yi in zip(x, y):
+            ref = g(xi, yi)
+            check_real_value(f, xi, yi, ref)
+
+class TestCarg:
+    def test_simple(self):
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, 1, 0, 0, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, 0, 1, 0.5*np.pi, False)
+
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, 1, 1, 0.25*np.pi, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.PZERO, np.PZERO, np.PZERO)
+
+    # TODO This can be xfail when the generator functions are got rid of.
+    @pytest.mark.skip(
+        reason="Complex arithmetic with signed zero fails on most platforms")
+    def test_zero(self):
+        # carg(-0 +- 0i) returns +- pi
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.NZERO, np.PZERO,  np.pi, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.NZERO, np.NZERO, -np.pi, False)
+
+        # carg(+0 +- 0i) returns +- 0
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.PZERO, np.PZERO, np.PZERO)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.PZERO, np.NZERO, np.NZERO)
+
+        # carg(x +- 0i) returns +- 0 for x > 0
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, 1, np.PZERO, np.PZERO, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, 1, np.NZERO, np.NZERO, False)
+
+        # carg(x +- 0i) returns +- pi for x < 0
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, -1, np.PZERO,  np.pi, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, -1, np.NZERO, -np.pi, False)
+
+        # carg(+- 0 + yi) returns pi/2 for y > 0
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.PZERO, 1, 0.5 * np.pi, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.NZERO, 1, 0.5 * np.pi, False)
+
+        # carg(+- 0 + yi) returns -pi/2 for y < 0
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.PZERO, -1, 0.5 * np.pi, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.NZERO, -1, -0.5 * np.pi, False)
+
+    #def test_branch_cuts(self):
+    #    _check_branch_cut(ncu._arg, -1, 1j, -1, 1)
+
+    def test_special_values(self):
+        # carg(-np.inf +- yi) returns +-pi for finite y > 0
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, -np.inf,  1,  np.pi, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, -np.inf, -1, -np.pi, False)
+
+        # carg(np.inf +- yi) returns +-0 for finite y > 0
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.inf,  1, np.PZERO, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.inf, -1, np.NZERO, False)
+
+        # carg(x +- np.infi) returns +-pi/2 for finite x
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, 1,  np.inf,  0.5 * np.pi, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, 1, -np.inf, -0.5 * np.pi, False)
+
+        # carg(-np.inf +- np.infi) returns +-3pi/4
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, -np.inf,  np.inf,  0.75 * np.pi, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, -np.inf, -np.inf, -0.75 * np.pi, False)
+
+        # carg(np.inf +- np.infi) returns +-pi/4
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.inf,  np.inf,  0.25 * np.pi, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.inf, -np.inf, -0.25 * np.pi, False)
+
+        # carg(x + yi) returns np.nan if x or y is nan
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.nan,      0, np.nan, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg,      0, np.nan, np.nan, False)
+
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.nan, np.inf, np.nan, False)
+        check_real_value(ncu._arg, np.inf, np.nan, np.nan, False)
+
+
+def check_real_value(f, x1, y1, x, exact=True):
+    z1 = np.array([complex(x1, y1)])
+    if exact:
+        assert_equal(f(z1), x)
+    else:
+        assert_almost_equal(f(z1), x)
+
+
+def check_complex_value(f, x1, y1, x2, y2, exact=True):
+    z1 = np.array([complex(x1, y1)])
+    z2 = complex(x2, y2)
+    with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+        if exact:
+            assert_equal(f(z1), z2)
+        else:
+            assert_almost_equal(f(z1), z2)
+
+class TestSpecialComplexAVX:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("stride", [-4,-2,-1,1,2,4])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("astype", [np.complex64, np.complex128])
+    def test_array(self, stride, astype):
+        arr = np.array([complex(np.nan , np.nan),
+                        complex(np.nan , np.inf),
+                        complex(np.inf , np.nan),
+                        complex(np.inf , np.inf),
+                        complex(0.     , np.inf),
+                        complex(np.inf , 0.),
+                        complex(0.     , 0.),
+                        complex(0.     , np.nan),
+                        complex(np.nan , 0.)], dtype=astype)
+        abs_true = np.array([np.nan, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf, 0., np.nan, np.nan], dtype=arr.real.dtype)
+        sq_true = np.array([complex(np.nan,  np.nan),
+                            complex(np.nan,  np.nan),
+                            complex(np.nan,  np.nan),
+                            complex(np.nan,  np.inf),
+                            complex(-np.inf, np.nan),
+                            complex(np.inf,  np.nan),
+                            complex(0.,     0.),
+                            complex(np.nan, np.nan),
+                            complex(np.nan, np.nan)], dtype=astype)
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            assert_equal(np.abs(arr[::stride]), abs_true[::stride])
+            assert_equal(np.square(arr[::stride]), sq_true[::stride])
+
+class TestComplexAbsoluteAVX:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arraysize", [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,15,17,18,19])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("stride", [-4,-3,-2,-1,1,2,3,4])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("astype", [np.complex64, np.complex128])
+    # test to ensure masking and strides work as intended in the AVX implementation
+    def test_array(self, arraysize, stride, astype):
+        arr = np.ones(arraysize, dtype=astype)
+        abs_true = np.ones(arraysize, dtype=arr.real.dtype)
+        assert_equal(np.abs(arr[::stride]), abs_true[::stride])
+
+# Testcase taken as is from https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/16660
+class TestComplexAbsoluteMixedDTypes:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("stride", [-4,-3,-2,-1,1,2,3,4])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("astype", [np.complex64, np.complex128])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("func", ['abs', 'square', 'conjugate'])
+
+    def test_array(self, stride, astype, func):
+        dtype = [('template_id', 'U')
+    uni_arr2 = str_arr.astype('>> help(np.doc.TOPIC)                                      #doctest: +SKIP
+
+""" % '\n- '.join([''] + __all__)
+
+__all__.extend(['__doc__'])
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/doc/constants.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/doc/constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4db5c639047fc3de2c519b2ca1f6b8d525469900
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/doc/constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+"""
+=========
+Constants
+=========
+
+.. currentmodule:: numpy
+
+NumPy includes several constants:
+
+%(constant_list)s
+"""
+#
+# Note: the docstring is autogenerated.
+#
+import re
+import textwrap
+
+# Maintain same format as in numpy.add_newdocs
+constants = []
+def add_newdoc(module, name, doc):
+    constants.append((name, doc))
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'pi',
+    """
+    ``pi = 3.1415926535897932384626433...``
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'e',
+    """
+    Euler's constant, base of natural logarithms, Napier's constant.
+
+    ``e = 2.71828182845904523536028747135266249775724709369995...``
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    exp : Exponential function
+    log : Natural logarithm
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_%28mathematical_constant%29
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'euler_gamma',
+    """
+    ``γ = 0.5772156649015328606065120900824024310421...``
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler-Mascheroni_constant
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'inf',
+    """
+    IEEE 754 floating point representation of (positive) infinity.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : float
+        A floating point representation of positive infinity.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    isinf : Shows which elements are positive or negative infinity
+
+    isposinf : Shows which elements are positive infinity
+
+    isneginf : Shows which elements are negative infinity
+
+    isnan : Shows which elements are Not a Number
+
+    isfinite : Shows which elements are finite (not one of Not a Number,
+    positive infinity and negative infinity)
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    NumPy uses the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point for Arithmetic
+    (IEEE 754). This means that Not a Number is not equivalent to infinity.
+    Also that positive infinity is not equivalent to negative infinity. But
+    infinity is equivalent to positive infinity.
+
+    `Inf`, `Infinity`, `PINF` and `infty` are aliases for `inf`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.inf
+    inf
+    >>> np.array([1]) / 0.
+    array([ Inf])
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'nan',
+    """
+    IEEE 754 floating point representation of Not a Number (NaN).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : A floating point representation of Not a Number.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    isnan : Shows which elements are Not a Number.
+
+    isfinite : Shows which elements are finite (not one of
+    Not a Number, positive infinity and negative infinity)
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    NumPy uses the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point for Arithmetic
+    (IEEE 754). This means that Not a Number is not equivalent to infinity.
+
+    `NaN` and `NAN` are aliases of `nan`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.nan
+    nan
+    >>> np.log(-1)
+    nan
+    >>> np.log([-1, 1, 2])
+    array([        NaN,  0.        ,  0.69314718])
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'newaxis',
+    """
+    A convenient alias for None, useful for indexing arrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> newaxis is None
+    True
+    >>> x = np.arange(3)
+    >>> x
+    array([0, 1, 2])
+    >>> x[:, newaxis]
+    array([[0],
+    [1],
+    [2]])
+    >>> x[:, newaxis, newaxis]
+    array([[[0]],
+    [[1]],
+    [[2]]])
+    >>> x[:, newaxis] * x
+    array([[0, 0, 0],
+    [0, 1, 2],
+    [0, 2, 4]])
+
+    Outer product, same as ``outer(x, y)``:
+
+    >>> y = np.arange(3, 6)
+    >>> x[:, newaxis] * y
+    array([[ 0,  0,  0],
+    [ 3,  4,  5],
+    [ 6,  8, 10]])
+
+    ``x[newaxis, :]`` is equivalent to ``x[newaxis]`` and ``x[None]``:
+
+    >>> x[newaxis, :].shape
+    (1, 3)
+    >>> x[newaxis].shape
+    (1, 3)
+    >>> x[None].shape
+    (1, 3)
+    >>> x[:, newaxis].shape
+    (3, 1)
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'NZERO',
+    """
+    IEEE 754 floating point representation of negative zero.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : float
+        A floating point representation of negative zero.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    PZERO : Defines positive zero.
+
+    isinf : Shows which elements are positive or negative infinity.
+
+    isposinf : Shows which elements are positive infinity.
+
+    isneginf : Shows which elements are negative infinity.
+
+    isnan : Shows which elements are Not a Number.
+
+    isfinite : Shows which elements are finite - not one of
+               Not a Number, positive infinity and negative infinity.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    NumPy uses the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point for Arithmetic
+    (IEEE 754). Negative zero is considered to be a finite number.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.NZERO
+    -0.0
+    >>> np.PZERO
+    0.0
+
+    >>> np.isfinite([np.NZERO])
+    array([ True])
+    >>> np.isnan([np.NZERO])
+    array([False])
+    >>> np.isinf([np.NZERO])
+    array([False])
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'PZERO',
+    """
+    IEEE 754 floating point representation of positive zero.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : float
+        A floating point representation of positive zero.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    NZERO : Defines negative zero.
+
+    isinf : Shows which elements are positive or negative infinity.
+
+    isposinf : Shows which elements are positive infinity.
+
+    isneginf : Shows which elements are negative infinity.
+
+    isnan : Shows which elements are Not a Number.
+
+    isfinite : Shows which elements are finite - not one of
+               Not a Number, positive infinity and negative infinity.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    NumPy uses the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point for Arithmetic
+    (IEEE 754). Positive zero is considered to be a finite number.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.PZERO
+    0.0
+    >>> np.NZERO
+    -0.0
+
+    >>> np.isfinite([np.PZERO])
+    array([ True])
+    >>> np.isnan([np.PZERO])
+    array([False])
+    >>> np.isinf([np.PZERO])
+    array([False])
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'NAN',
+    """
+    IEEE 754 floating point representation of Not a Number (NaN).
+
+    `NaN` and `NAN` are equivalent definitions of `nan`. Please use
+    `nan` instead of `NAN`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    nan
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'NaN',
+    """
+    IEEE 754 floating point representation of Not a Number (NaN).
+
+    `NaN` and `NAN` are equivalent definitions of `nan`. Please use
+    `nan` instead of `NaN`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    nan
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'NINF',
+    """
+    IEEE 754 floating point representation of negative infinity.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : float
+        A floating point representation of negative infinity.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    isinf : Shows which elements are positive or negative infinity
+
+    isposinf : Shows which elements are positive infinity
+
+    isneginf : Shows which elements are negative infinity
+
+    isnan : Shows which elements are Not a Number
+
+    isfinite : Shows which elements are finite (not one of Not a Number,
+    positive infinity and negative infinity)
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    NumPy uses the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point for Arithmetic
+    (IEEE 754). This means that Not a Number is not equivalent to infinity.
+    Also that positive infinity is not equivalent to negative infinity. But
+    infinity is equivalent to positive infinity.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.NINF
+    -inf
+    >>> np.log(0)
+    -inf
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'PINF',
+    """
+    IEEE 754 floating point representation of (positive) infinity.
+
+    Use `inf` because `Inf`, `Infinity`, `PINF` and `infty` are aliases for
+    `inf`. For more details, see `inf`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    inf
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'infty',
+    """
+    IEEE 754 floating point representation of (positive) infinity.
+
+    Use `inf` because `Inf`, `Infinity`, `PINF` and `infty` are aliases for
+    `inf`. For more details, see `inf`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    inf
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'Inf',
+    """
+    IEEE 754 floating point representation of (positive) infinity.
+
+    Use `inf` because `Inf`, `Infinity`, `PINF` and `infty` are aliases for
+    `inf`. For more details, see `inf`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    inf
+
+    """)
+
+add_newdoc('numpy', 'Infinity',
+    """
+    IEEE 754 floating point representation of (positive) infinity.
+
+    Use `inf` because `Inf`, `Infinity`, `PINF` and `infty` are aliases for
+    `inf`. For more details, see `inf`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    inf
+
+    """)
+
+
+if __doc__:
+    constants_str = []
+    constants.sort()
+    for name, doc in constants:
+        s = textwrap.dedent(doc).replace("\n", "\n    ")
+
+        # Replace sections by rubrics
+        lines = s.split("\n")
+        new_lines = []
+        for line in lines:
+            m = re.match(r'^(\s+)[-=]+\s*$', line)
+            if m and new_lines:
+                prev = textwrap.dedent(new_lines.pop())
+                new_lines.append('%s.. rubric:: %s' % (m.group(1), prev))
+                new_lines.append('')
+            else:
+                new_lines.append(line)
+        s = "\n".join(new_lines)
+
+        # Done.
+        constants_str.append(""".. data:: %s\n    %s""" % (name, s))
+    constants_str = "\n".join(constants_str)
+
+    __doc__ = __doc__ % dict(constant_list=constants_str)
+    del constants_str, name, doc
+    del line, lines, new_lines, m, s, prev
+
+del constants, add_newdoc
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/doc/ufuncs.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/doc/ufuncs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c99e9abc99a55a799899579fb0dec9ae4dccf54c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/doc/ufuncs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""
+===================
+Universal Functions
+===================
+
+Ufuncs are, generally speaking, mathematical functions or operations that are
+applied element-by-element to the contents of an array. That is, the result
+in each output array element only depends on the value in the corresponding
+input array (or arrays) and on no other array elements. NumPy comes with a
+large suite of ufuncs, and scipy extends that suite substantially. The simplest
+example is the addition operator: ::
+
+ >>> np.array([0,2,3,4]) + np.array([1,1,-1,2])
+ array([1, 3, 2, 6])
+
+The ufunc module lists all the available ufuncs in numpy. Documentation on
+the specific ufuncs may be found in those modules. This documentation is
+intended to address the more general aspects of ufuncs common to most of
+them. All of the ufuncs that make use of Python operators (e.g., +, -, etc.)
+have equivalent functions defined (e.g. add() for +)
+
+Type coercion
+=============
+
+What happens when a binary operator (e.g., +,-,\\*,/, etc) deals with arrays of
+two different types? What is the type of the result? Typically, the result is
+the higher of the two types. For example: ::
+
+ float32 + float64 -> float64
+ int8 + int32 -> int32
+ int16 + float32 -> float32
+ float32 + complex64 -> complex64
+
+There are some less obvious cases generally involving mixes of types
+(e.g. uints, ints and floats) where equal bit sizes for each are not
+capable of saving all the information in a different type of equivalent
+bit size. Some examples are int32 vs float32 or uint32 vs int32.
+Generally, the result is the higher type of larger size than both
+(if available). So: ::
+
+ int32 + float32 -> float64
+ uint32 + int32 -> int64
+
+Finally, the type coercion behavior when expressions involve Python
+scalars is different than that seen for arrays. Since Python has a
+limited number of types, combining a Python int with a dtype=np.int8
+array does not coerce to the higher type but instead, the type of the
+array prevails. So the rules for Python scalars combined with arrays is
+that the result will be that of the array equivalent the Python scalar
+if the Python scalar is of a higher 'kind' than the array (e.g., float
+vs. int), otherwise the resultant type will be that of the array.
+For example: ::
+
+  Python int + int8 -> int8
+  Python float + int8 -> float64
+
+ufunc methods
+=============
+
+Binary ufuncs support 4 methods.
+
+**.reduce(arr)** applies the binary operator to elements of the array in
+  sequence. For example: ::
+
+ >>> np.add.reduce(np.arange(10))  # adds all elements of array
+ 45
+
+For multidimensional arrays, the first dimension is reduced by default: ::
+
+ >>> np.add.reduce(np.arange(10).reshape(2,5))
+     array([ 5,  7,  9, 11, 13])
+
+The axis keyword can be used to specify different axes to reduce: ::
+
+ >>> np.add.reduce(np.arange(10).reshape(2,5),axis=1)
+ array([10, 35])
+
+**.accumulate(arr)** applies the binary operator and generates an
+equivalently shaped array that includes the accumulated amount for each
+element of the array. A couple examples: ::
+
+ >>> np.add.accumulate(np.arange(10))
+ array([ 0,  1,  3,  6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45])
+ >>> np.multiply.accumulate(np.arange(1,9))
+ array([    1,     2,     6,    24,   120,   720,  5040, 40320])
+
+The behavior for multidimensional arrays is the same as for .reduce(),
+as is the use of the axis keyword).
+
+**.reduceat(arr,indices)** allows one to apply reduce to selected parts
+  of an array. It is a difficult method to understand. See the documentation
+  at:
+
+**.outer(arr1,arr2)** generates an outer operation on the two arrays arr1 and
+  arr2. It will work on multidimensional arrays (the shape of the result is
+  the concatenation of the two input shapes.: ::
+
+ >>> np.multiply.outer(np.arange(3),np.arange(4))
+ array([[0, 0, 0, 0],
+        [0, 1, 2, 3],
+        [0, 2, 4, 6]])
+
+Output arguments
+================
+
+All ufuncs accept an optional output array. The array must be of the expected
+output shape. Beware that if the type of the output array is of a different
+(and lower) type than the output result, the results may be silently truncated
+or otherwise corrupted in the downcast to the lower type. This usage is useful
+when one wants to avoid creating large temporary arrays and instead allows one
+to reuse the same array memory repeatedly (at the expense of not being able to
+use more convenient operator notation in expressions). Note that when the
+output argument is used, the ufunc still returns a reference to the result.
+
+ >>> x = np.arange(2)
+ >>> np.add(np.arange(2),np.arange(2.),x)
+ array([0, 2])
+ >>> x
+ array([0, 2])
+
+and & or as ufuncs
+==================
+
+Invariably people try to use the python 'and' and 'or' as logical operators
+(and quite understandably). But these operators do not behave as normal
+operators since Python treats these quite differently. They cannot be
+overloaded with array equivalents. Thus using 'and' or 'or' with an array
+results in an error. There are two alternatives:
+
+ 1) use the ufunc functions logical_and() and logical_or().
+ 2) use the bitwise operators & and \\|. The drawback of these is that if
+    the arguments to these operators are not boolean arrays, the result is
+    likely incorrect. On the other hand, most usages of logical_and and
+    logical_or are with boolean arrays. As long as one is careful, this is
+    a convenient way to apply these operators.
+
+"""
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diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/src/common/gh19161.f90 b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/src/common/gh19161.f90
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2f40735ad66a3cb70cfc10a3938882c77ff54ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/src/common/gh19161.f90
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+module typedefmod
+  use iso_fortran_env, only: real32
+end module typedefmod
+
+module data
+  use typedefmod, only: real32
+  implicit none
+  real(kind=real32) :: x
+  common/test/x
+end module data
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/src/regression/gh25337/data.f90 b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/src/regression/gh25337/data.f90
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..483d13ceb95c08bf38b74d8218932fc109792b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/src/regression/gh25337/data.f90
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+module data
+   real(8) :: shift
+contains
+   subroutine set_shift(in_shift)
+      real(8), intent(in) :: in_shift
+      shift = in_shift
+   end subroutine set_shift
+end module data
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/src/regression/gh25337/use_data.f90 b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/src/regression/gh25337/use_data.f90
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3fae8b875d03d75199f4cf06d544edb4aab1a89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/src/regression/gh25337/use_data.f90
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+subroutine shift_a(dim_a, a)
+    use data, only: shift
+    integer, intent(in) :: dim_a
+    real(8), intent(inout), dimension(dim_a) :: a
+    a = a + shift
+end subroutine shift_a
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_abstract_interface.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_abstract_interface.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42902913ed755122011587f7834a8babd86ff27e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_abstract_interface.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+import pytest
+import textwrap
+from . import util
+from numpy.f2py import crackfortran
+from numpy.testing import IS_WASM
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="Cannot start subprocess")
+class TestAbstractInterface(util.F2PyTest):
+    sources = [util.getpath("tests", "src", "abstract_interface", "foo.f90")]
+
+    skip = ["add1", "add2"]
+
+    def test_abstract_interface(self):
+        assert self.module.ops_module.foo(3, 5) == (8, 13)
+
+    def test_parse_abstract_interface(self):
+        # Test gh18403
+        fpath = util.getpath("tests", "src", "abstract_interface",
+                             "gh18403_mod.f90")
+        mod = crackfortran.crackfortran([str(fpath)])
+        assert len(mod) == 1
+        assert len(mod[0]["body"]) == 1
+        assert mod[0]["body"][0]["block"] == "abstract interface"
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_array_from_pyobj.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_array_from_pyobj.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b8c8defca5a8b40cf09dab149925c3c8561a0ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_array_from_pyobj.py
@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+import os
+import sys
+import copy
+import platform
+import pytest
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from numpy.testing import assert_, assert_equal
+from numpy.core.multiarray import typeinfo as _typeinfo
+from . import util
+
+wrap = None
+
+# Extend core typeinfo with CHARACTER to test dtype('c')
+_ti = _typeinfo['STRING']
+typeinfo = dict(
+    CHARACTER=type(_ti)(('c', _ti.num, 8, _ti.alignment, _ti.type)),
+    **_typeinfo)
+
+
+def setup_module():
+    """
+    Build the required testing extension module
+
+    """
+    global wrap
+
+    # Check compiler availability first
+    if not util.has_c_compiler():
+        pytest.skip("No C compiler available")
+
+    if wrap is None:
+        config_code = """
+        config.add_extension('test_array_from_pyobj_ext',
+                             sources=['wrapmodule.c', 'fortranobject.c'],
+                             define_macros=[])
+        """
+        d = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+        src = [
+            util.getpath("tests", "src", "array_from_pyobj", "wrapmodule.c"),
+            util.getpath("src", "fortranobject.c"),
+            util.getpath("src", "fortranobject.h"),
+        ]
+        wrap = util.build_module_distutils(src, config_code,
+                                           "test_array_from_pyobj_ext")
+
+
+def flags_info(arr):
+    flags = wrap.array_attrs(arr)[6]
+    return flags2names(flags)
+
+
+def flags2names(flags):
+    info = []
+    for flagname in [
+            "CONTIGUOUS",
+            "FORTRAN",
+            "OWNDATA",
+            "ENSURECOPY",
+            "ENSUREARRAY",
+            "ALIGNED",
+            "NOTSWAPPED",
+            "WRITEABLE",
+            "WRITEBACKIFCOPY",
+            "UPDATEIFCOPY",
+            "BEHAVED",
+            "BEHAVED_RO",
+            "CARRAY",
+            "FARRAY",
+    ]:
+        if abs(flags) & getattr(wrap, flagname, 0):
+            info.append(flagname)
+    return info
+
+
+class Intent:
+    def __init__(self, intent_list=[]):
+        self.intent_list = intent_list[:]
+        flags = 0
+        for i in intent_list:
+            if i == "optional":
+                flags |= wrap.F2PY_OPTIONAL
+            else:
+                flags |= getattr(wrap, "F2PY_INTENT_" + i.upper())
+        self.flags = flags
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        name = name.lower()
+        if name == "in_":
+            name = "in"
+        return self.__class__(self.intent_list + [name])
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "intent(%s)" % (",".join(self.intent_list))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "Intent(%r)" % (self.intent_list)
+
+    def is_intent(self, *names):
+        for name in names:
+            if name not in self.intent_list:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def is_intent_exact(self, *names):
+        return len(self.intent_list) == len(names) and self.is_intent(*names)
+
+
+intent = Intent()
+
+_type_names = [
+    "BOOL",
+    "BYTE",
+    "UBYTE",
+    "SHORT",
+    "USHORT",
+    "INT",
+    "UINT",
+    "LONG",
+    "ULONG",
+    "LONGLONG",
+    "ULONGLONG",
+    "FLOAT",
+    "DOUBLE",
+    "CFLOAT",
+    "STRING1",
+    "STRING5",
+    "CHARACTER",
+]
+
+_cast_dict = {"BOOL": ["BOOL"]}
+_cast_dict["BYTE"] = _cast_dict["BOOL"] + ["BYTE"]
+_cast_dict["UBYTE"] = _cast_dict["BOOL"] + ["UBYTE"]
+_cast_dict["BYTE"] = ["BYTE"]
+_cast_dict["UBYTE"] = ["UBYTE"]
+_cast_dict["SHORT"] = _cast_dict["BYTE"] + ["UBYTE", "SHORT"]
+_cast_dict["USHORT"] = _cast_dict["UBYTE"] + ["BYTE", "USHORT"]
+_cast_dict["INT"] = _cast_dict["SHORT"] + ["USHORT", "INT"]
+_cast_dict["UINT"] = _cast_dict["USHORT"] + ["SHORT", "UINT"]
+
+_cast_dict["LONG"] = _cast_dict["INT"] + ["LONG"]
+_cast_dict["ULONG"] = _cast_dict["UINT"] + ["ULONG"]
+
+_cast_dict["LONGLONG"] = _cast_dict["LONG"] + ["LONGLONG"]
+_cast_dict["ULONGLONG"] = _cast_dict["ULONG"] + ["ULONGLONG"]
+
+_cast_dict["FLOAT"] = _cast_dict["SHORT"] + ["USHORT", "FLOAT"]
+_cast_dict["DOUBLE"] = _cast_dict["INT"] + ["UINT", "FLOAT", "DOUBLE"]
+
+_cast_dict["CFLOAT"] = _cast_dict["FLOAT"] + ["CFLOAT"]
+
+_cast_dict['STRING1'] = ['STRING1']
+_cast_dict['STRING5'] = ['STRING5']
+_cast_dict['CHARACTER'] = ['CHARACTER']
+
+# 32 bit system malloc typically does not provide the alignment required by
+# 16 byte long double types this means the inout intent cannot be satisfied
+# and several tests fail as the alignment flag can be randomly true or fals
+# when numpy gains an aligned allocator the tests could be enabled again
+#
+# Furthermore, on macOS ARM64, LONGDOUBLE is an alias for DOUBLE.
+if ((np.intp().dtype.itemsize != 4 or np.clongdouble().dtype.alignment <= 8)
+        and sys.platform != "win32"
+        and (platform.system(), platform.processor()) != ("Darwin", "arm")):
+    _type_names.extend(["LONGDOUBLE", "CDOUBLE", "CLONGDOUBLE"])
+    _cast_dict["LONGDOUBLE"] = _cast_dict["LONG"] + [
+        "ULONG",
+        "FLOAT",
+        "DOUBLE",
+        "LONGDOUBLE",
+    ]
+    _cast_dict["CLONGDOUBLE"] = _cast_dict["LONGDOUBLE"] + [
+        "CFLOAT",
+        "CDOUBLE",
+        "CLONGDOUBLE",
+    ]
+    _cast_dict["CDOUBLE"] = _cast_dict["DOUBLE"] + ["CFLOAT", "CDOUBLE"]
+
+
+class Type:
+    _type_cache = {}
+
+    def __new__(cls, name):
+        if isinstance(name, np.dtype):
+            dtype0 = name
+            name = None
+            for n, i in typeinfo.items():
+                if not isinstance(i, type) and dtype0.type is i.type:
+                    name = n
+                    break
+        obj = cls._type_cache.get(name.upper(), None)
+        if obj is not None:
+            return obj
+        obj = object.__new__(cls)
+        obj._init(name)
+        cls._type_cache[name.upper()] = obj
+        return obj
+
+    def _init(self, name):
+        self.NAME = name.upper()
+
+        if self.NAME == 'CHARACTER':
+            info = typeinfo[self.NAME]
+            self.type_num = getattr(wrap, 'NPY_STRING')
+            self.elsize = 1
+            self.dtype = np.dtype('c')
+        elif self.NAME.startswith('STRING'):
+            info = typeinfo[self.NAME[:6]]
+            self.type_num = getattr(wrap, 'NPY_STRING')
+            self.elsize = int(self.NAME[6:] or 0)
+            self.dtype = np.dtype(f'S{self.elsize}')
+        else:
+            info = typeinfo[self.NAME]
+            self.type_num = getattr(wrap, 'NPY_' + self.NAME)
+            self.elsize = info.bits // 8
+            self.dtype = np.dtype(info.type)
+
+        assert self.type_num == info.num
+        self.type = info.type
+        self.dtypechar = info.char
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (f"Type({self.NAME})|type_num={self.type_num},"
+                f" dtype={self.dtype},"
+                f" type={self.type}, elsize={self.elsize},"
+                f" dtypechar={self.dtypechar}")
+
+    def cast_types(self):
+        return [self.__class__(_m) for _m in _cast_dict[self.NAME]]
+
+    def all_types(self):
+        return [self.__class__(_m) for _m in _type_names]
+
+    def smaller_types(self):
+        bits = typeinfo[self.NAME].alignment
+        types = []
+        for name in _type_names:
+            if typeinfo[name].alignment < bits:
+                types.append(Type(name))
+        return types
+
+    def equal_types(self):
+        bits = typeinfo[self.NAME].alignment
+        types = []
+        for name in _type_names:
+            if name == self.NAME:
+                continue
+            if typeinfo[name].alignment == bits:
+                types.append(Type(name))
+        return types
+
+    def larger_types(self):
+        bits = typeinfo[self.NAME].alignment
+        types = []
+        for name in _type_names:
+            if typeinfo[name].alignment > bits:
+                types.append(Type(name))
+        return types
+
+
+class Array:
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (f'Array({self.type}, {self.dims}, {self.intent},'
+                f' {self.obj})|arr={self.arr}')
+
+    def __init__(self, typ, dims, intent, obj):
+        self.type = typ
+        self.dims = dims
+        self.intent = intent
+        self.obj_copy = copy.deepcopy(obj)
+        self.obj = obj
+
+        # arr.dtypechar may be different from typ.dtypechar
+        self.arr = wrap.call(typ.type_num,
+                             typ.elsize,
+                             dims, intent.flags, obj)
+
+        assert isinstance(self.arr, np.ndarray)
+
+        self.arr_attr = wrap.array_attrs(self.arr)
+
+        if len(dims) > 1:
+            if self.intent.is_intent("c"):
+                assert (intent.flags & wrap.F2PY_INTENT_C)
+                assert not self.arr.flags["FORTRAN"]
+                assert self.arr.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+                assert (not self.arr_attr[6] & wrap.FORTRAN)
+            else:
+                assert (not intent.flags & wrap.F2PY_INTENT_C)
+                assert self.arr.flags["FORTRAN"]
+                assert not self.arr.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+                assert (self.arr_attr[6] & wrap.FORTRAN)
+
+        if obj is None:
+            self.pyarr = None
+            self.pyarr_attr = None
+            return
+
+        if intent.is_intent("cache"):
+            assert isinstance(obj, np.ndarray), repr(type(obj))
+            self.pyarr = np.array(obj).reshape(*dims).copy()
+        else:
+            self.pyarr = np.array(
+                np.array(obj, dtype=typ.dtypechar).reshape(*dims),
+                order=self.intent.is_intent("c") and "C" or "F",
+            )
+            assert self.pyarr.dtype == typ
+        self.pyarr.setflags(write=self.arr.flags["WRITEABLE"])
+        assert self.pyarr.flags["OWNDATA"], (obj, intent)
+        self.pyarr_attr = wrap.array_attrs(self.pyarr)
+
+        if len(dims) > 1:
+            if self.intent.is_intent("c"):
+                assert not self.pyarr.flags["FORTRAN"]
+                assert self.pyarr.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+                assert (not self.pyarr_attr[6] & wrap.FORTRAN)
+            else:
+                assert self.pyarr.flags["FORTRAN"]
+                assert not self.pyarr.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+                assert (self.pyarr_attr[6] & wrap.FORTRAN)
+
+        assert self.arr_attr[1] == self.pyarr_attr[1]  # nd
+        assert self.arr_attr[2] == self.pyarr_attr[2]  # dimensions
+        if self.arr_attr[1] <= 1:
+            assert self.arr_attr[3] == self.pyarr_attr[3], repr((
+                self.arr_attr[3],
+                self.pyarr_attr[3],
+                self.arr.tobytes(),
+                self.pyarr.tobytes(),
+            ))  # strides
+        assert self.arr_attr[5][-2:] == self.pyarr_attr[5][-2:], repr((
+            self.arr_attr[5], self.pyarr_attr[5]
+            ))  # descr
+        assert self.arr_attr[6] == self.pyarr_attr[6], repr((
+            self.arr_attr[6],
+            self.pyarr_attr[6],
+            flags2names(0 * self.arr_attr[6] - self.pyarr_attr[6]),
+            flags2names(self.arr_attr[6]),
+            intent,
+        ))  # flags
+
+        if intent.is_intent("cache"):
+            assert self.arr_attr[5][3] >= self.type.elsize
+        else:
+            assert self.arr_attr[5][3] == self.type.elsize
+            assert (self.arr_equal(self.pyarr, self.arr))
+
+        if isinstance(self.obj, np.ndarray):
+            if typ.elsize == Type(obj.dtype).elsize:
+                if not intent.is_intent("copy") and self.arr_attr[1] <= 1:
+                    assert self.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def arr_equal(self, arr1, arr2):
+        if arr1.shape != arr2.shape:
+            return False
+        return (arr1 == arr2).all()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.arr)
+
+    def has_shared_memory(self):
+        """Check that created array shares data with input array."""
+        if self.obj is self.arr:
+            return True
+        if not isinstance(self.obj, np.ndarray):
+            return False
+        obj_attr = wrap.array_attrs(self.obj)
+        return obj_attr[0] == self.arr_attr[0]
+
+
+class TestIntent:
+    def test_in_out(self):
+        assert str(intent.in_.out) == "intent(in,out)"
+        assert intent.in_.c.is_intent("c")
+        assert not intent.in_.c.is_intent_exact("c")
+        assert intent.in_.c.is_intent_exact("c", "in")
+        assert intent.in_.c.is_intent_exact("in", "c")
+        assert not intent.in_.is_intent("c")
+
+
+class TestSharedMemory:
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True, scope="class", params=_type_names)
+    def setup_type(self, request):
+        request.cls.type = Type(request.param)
+        request.cls.array = lambda self, dims, intent, obj: Array(
+            Type(request.param), dims, intent, obj)
+
+    @property
+    def num2seq(self):
+        if self.type.NAME.startswith('STRING'):
+            elsize = self.type.elsize
+            return ['1' * elsize, '2' * elsize]
+        return [1, 2]
+
+    @property
+    def num23seq(self):
+        if self.type.NAME.startswith('STRING'):
+            elsize = self.type.elsize
+            return [['1' * elsize, '2' * elsize, '3' * elsize],
+                    ['4' * elsize, '5' * elsize, '6' * elsize]]
+        return [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
+
+    def test_in_from_2seq(self):
+        a = self.array([2], intent.in_, self.num2seq)
+        assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_in_from_2casttype(self):
+        for t in self.type.cast_types():
+            obj = np.array(self.num2seq, dtype=t.dtype)
+            a = self.array([len(self.num2seq)], intent.in_, obj)
+            if t.elsize == self.type.elsize:
+                assert a.has_shared_memory(), repr((self.type.dtype, t.dtype))
+            else:
+                assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("write", ["w", "ro"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ["C", "F"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("inp", ["2seq", "23seq"])
+    def test_in_nocopy(self, write, order, inp):
+        """Test if intent(in) array can be passed without copies"""
+        seq = getattr(self, "num" + inp)
+        obj = np.array(seq, dtype=self.type.dtype, order=order)
+        obj.setflags(write=(write == 'w'))
+        a = self.array(obj.shape,
+                       ((order == 'C' and intent.in_.c) or intent.in_), obj)
+        assert a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_inout_2seq(self):
+        obj = np.array(self.num2seq, dtype=self.type.dtype)
+        a = self.array([len(self.num2seq)], intent.inout, obj)
+        assert a.has_shared_memory()
+
+        try:
+            a = self.array([2], intent.in_.inout, self.num2seq)
+        except TypeError as msg:
+            if not str(msg).startswith(
+                    "failed to initialize intent(inout|inplace|cache) array"):
+                raise
+        else:
+            raise SystemError("intent(inout) should have failed on sequence")
+
+    def test_f_inout_23seq(self):
+        obj = np.array(self.num23seq, dtype=self.type.dtype, order="F")
+        shape = (len(self.num23seq), len(self.num23seq[0]))
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.in_.inout, obj)
+        assert a.has_shared_memory()
+
+        obj = np.array(self.num23seq, dtype=self.type.dtype, order="C")
+        shape = (len(self.num23seq), len(self.num23seq[0]))
+        try:
+            a = self.array(shape, intent.in_.inout, obj)
+        except ValueError as msg:
+            if not str(msg).startswith(
+                    "failed to initialize intent(inout) array"):
+                raise
+        else:
+            raise SystemError(
+                "intent(inout) should have failed on improper array")
+
+    def test_c_inout_23seq(self):
+        obj = np.array(self.num23seq, dtype=self.type.dtype)
+        shape = (len(self.num23seq), len(self.num23seq[0]))
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.in_.c.inout, obj)
+        assert a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_in_copy_from_2casttype(self):
+        for t in self.type.cast_types():
+            obj = np.array(self.num2seq, dtype=t.dtype)
+            a = self.array([len(self.num2seq)], intent.in_.copy, obj)
+            assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_c_in_from_23seq(self):
+        a = self.array(
+            [len(self.num23seq), len(self.num23seq[0])], intent.in_,
+            self.num23seq)
+        assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_in_from_23casttype(self):
+        for t in self.type.cast_types():
+            obj = np.array(self.num23seq, dtype=t.dtype)
+            a = self.array(
+                [len(self.num23seq), len(self.num23seq[0])], intent.in_, obj)
+            assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_f_in_from_23casttype(self):
+        for t in self.type.cast_types():
+            obj = np.array(self.num23seq, dtype=t.dtype, order="F")
+            a = self.array(
+                [len(self.num23seq), len(self.num23seq[0])], intent.in_, obj)
+            if t.elsize == self.type.elsize:
+                assert a.has_shared_memory()
+            else:
+                assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_c_in_from_23casttype(self):
+        for t in self.type.cast_types():
+            obj = np.array(self.num23seq, dtype=t.dtype)
+            a = self.array(
+                [len(self.num23seq), len(self.num23seq[0])], intent.in_.c, obj)
+            if t.elsize == self.type.elsize:
+                assert a.has_shared_memory()
+            else:
+                assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_f_copy_in_from_23casttype(self):
+        for t in self.type.cast_types():
+            obj = np.array(self.num23seq, dtype=t.dtype, order="F")
+            a = self.array(
+                [len(self.num23seq), len(self.num23seq[0])], intent.in_.copy,
+                obj)
+            assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_c_copy_in_from_23casttype(self):
+        for t in self.type.cast_types():
+            obj = np.array(self.num23seq, dtype=t.dtype)
+            a = self.array(
+                [len(self.num23seq), len(self.num23seq[0])], intent.in_.c.copy,
+                obj)
+            assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_in_cache_from_2casttype(self):
+        for t in self.type.all_types():
+            if t.elsize != self.type.elsize:
+                continue
+            obj = np.array(self.num2seq, dtype=t.dtype)
+            shape = (len(self.num2seq), )
+            a = self.array(shape, intent.in_.c.cache, obj)
+            assert a.has_shared_memory()
+
+            a = self.array(shape, intent.in_.cache, obj)
+            assert a.has_shared_memory()
+
+            obj = np.array(self.num2seq, dtype=t.dtype, order="F")
+            a = self.array(shape, intent.in_.c.cache, obj)
+            assert a.has_shared_memory()
+
+            a = self.array(shape, intent.in_.cache, obj)
+            assert a.has_shared_memory(), repr(t.dtype)
+
+            try:
+                a = self.array(shape, intent.in_.cache, obj[::-1])
+            except ValueError as msg:
+                if not str(msg).startswith(
+                        "failed to initialize intent(cache) array"):
+                    raise
+            else:
+                raise SystemError(
+                    "intent(cache) should have failed on multisegmented array")
+
+    def test_in_cache_from_2casttype_failure(self):
+        for t in self.type.all_types():
+            if t.NAME == 'STRING':
+                # string elsize is 0, so skipping the test
+                continue
+            if t.elsize >= self.type.elsize:
+                continue
+            obj = np.array(self.num2seq, dtype=t.dtype)
+            shape = (len(self.num2seq), )
+            try:
+                self.array(shape, intent.in_.cache, obj)  # Should succeed
+            except ValueError as msg:
+                if not str(msg).startswith(
+                        "failed to initialize intent(cache) array"):
+                    raise
+            else:
+                raise SystemError(
+                    "intent(cache) should have failed on smaller array")
+
+    def test_cache_hidden(self):
+        shape = (2, )
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.cache.hide, None)
+        assert a.arr.shape == shape
+
+        shape = (2, 3)
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.cache.hide, None)
+        assert a.arr.shape == shape
+
+        shape = (-1, 3)
+        try:
+            a = self.array(shape, intent.cache.hide, None)
+        except ValueError as msg:
+            if not str(msg).startswith(
+                    "failed to create intent(cache|hide)|optional array"):
+                raise
+        else:
+            raise SystemError(
+                "intent(cache) should have failed on undefined dimensions")
+
+    def test_hidden(self):
+        shape = (2, )
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.hide, None)
+        assert a.arr.shape == shape
+        assert a.arr_equal(a.arr, np.zeros(shape, dtype=self.type.dtype))
+
+        shape = (2, 3)
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.hide, None)
+        assert a.arr.shape == shape
+        assert a.arr_equal(a.arr, np.zeros(shape, dtype=self.type.dtype))
+        assert a.arr.flags["FORTRAN"] and not a.arr.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+
+        shape = (2, 3)
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.c.hide, None)
+        assert a.arr.shape == shape
+        assert a.arr_equal(a.arr, np.zeros(shape, dtype=self.type.dtype))
+        assert not a.arr.flags["FORTRAN"] and a.arr.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+
+        shape = (-1, 3)
+        try:
+            a = self.array(shape, intent.hide, None)
+        except ValueError as msg:
+            if not str(msg).startswith(
+                    "failed to create intent(cache|hide)|optional array"):
+                raise
+        else:
+            raise SystemError(
+                "intent(hide) should have failed on undefined dimensions")
+
+    def test_optional_none(self):
+        shape = (2, )
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.optional, None)
+        assert a.arr.shape == shape
+        assert a.arr_equal(a.arr, np.zeros(shape, dtype=self.type.dtype))
+
+        shape = (2, 3)
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.optional, None)
+        assert a.arr.shape == shape
+        assert a.arr_equal(a.arr, np.zeros(shape, dtype=self.type.dtype))
+        assert a.arr.flags["FORTRAN"] and not a.arr.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+
+        shape = (2, 3)
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.c.optional, None)
+        assert a.arr.shape == shape
+        assert a.arr_equal(a.arr, np.zeros(shape, dtype=self.type.dtype))
+        assert not a.arr.flags["FORTRAN"] and a.arr.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+
+    def test_optional_from_2seq(self):
+        obj = self.num2seq
+        shape = (len(obj), )
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.optional, obj)
+        assert a.arr.shape == shape
+        assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_optional_from_23seq(self):
+        obj = self.num23seq
+        shape = (len(obj), len(obj[0]))
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.optional, obj)
+        assert a.arr.shape == shape
+        assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.optional.c, obj)
+        assert a.arr.shape == shape
+        assert not a.has_shared_memory()
+
+    def test_inplace(self):
+        obj = np.array(self.num23seq, dtype=self.type.dtype)
+        assert not obj.flags["FORTRAN"] and obj.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+        shape = obj.shape
+        a = self.array(shape, intent.inplace, obj)
+        assert obj[1][2] == a.arr[1][2], repr((obj, a.arr))
+        a.arr[1][2] = 54
+        assert obj[1][2] == a.arr[1][2] == np.array(54, dtype=self.type.dtype)
+        assert a.arr is obj
+        assert obj.flags["FORTRAN"]  # obj attributes are changed inplace!
+        assert not obj.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+
+    def test_inplace_from_casttype(self):
+        for t in self.type.cast_types():
+            if t is self.type:
+                continue
+            obj = np.array(self.num23seq, dtype=t.dtype)
+            assert obj.dtype.type == t.type
+            assert obj.dtype.type is not self.type.type
+            assert not obj.flags["FORTRAN"] and obj.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+            shape = obj.shape
+            a = self.array(shape, intent.inplace, obj)
+            assert obj[1][2] == a.arr[1][2], repr((obj, a.arr))
+            a.arr[1][2] = 54
+            assert obj[1][2] == a.arr[1][2] == np.array(54,
+                                                        dtype=self.type.dtype)
+            assert a.arr is obj
+            assert obj.flags["FORTRAN"]  # obj attributes changed inplace!
+            assert not obj.flags["CONTIGUOUS"]
+            assert obj.dtype.type is self.type.type  # obj changed inplace!
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_crackfortran.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_crackfortran.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8d9ddb884601bb6db8ff8ecb65f462d77d1b393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_crackfortran.py
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+import importlib
+import codecs
+import time
+import unicodedata
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.f2py.crackfortran import markinnerspaces, nameargspattern
+from . import util
+from numpy.f2py import crackfortran
+import textwrap
+import contextlib
+import io
+
+
+class TestNoSpace(util.F2PyTest):
+    # issue gh-15035: add handling for endsubroutine, endfunction with no space
+    # between "end" and the block name
+    sources = [util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "gh15035.f")]
+
+    def test_module(self):
+        k = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.float64)
+        w = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.float64)
+        self.module.subb(k)
+        assert np.allclose(k, w + 1)
+        self.module.subc([w, k])
+        assert np.allclose(k, w + 1)
+        assert self.module.t0("23") == b"2"
+
+
+class TestPublicPrivate:
+    def test_defaultPrivate(self):
+        fpath = util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "privatemod.f90")
+        mod = crackfortran.crackfortran([str(fpath)])
+        assert len(mod) == 1
+        mod = mod[0]
+        assert "private" in mod["vars"]["a"]["attrspec"]
+        assert "public" not in mod["vars"]["a"]["attrspec"]
+        assert "private" in mod["vars"]["b"]["attrspec"]
+        assert "public" not in mod["vars"]["b"]["attrspec"]
+        assert "private" not in mod["vars"]["seta"]["attrspec"]
+        assert "public" in mod["vars"]["seta"]["attrspec"]
+
+    def test_defaultPublic(self, tmp_path):
+        fpath = util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "publicmod.f90")
+        mod = crackfortran.crackfortran([str(fpath)])
+        assert len(mod) == 1
+        mod = mod[0]
+        assert "private" in mod["vars"]["a"]["attrspec"]
+        assert "public" not in mod["vars"]["a"]["attrspec"]
+        assert "private" not in mod["vars"]["seta"]["attrspec"]
+        assert "public" in mod["vars"]["seta"]["attrspec"]
+
+    def test_access_type(self, tmp_path):
+        fpath = util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "accesstype.f90")
+        mod = crackfortran.crackfortran([str(fpath)])
+        assert len(mod) == 1
+        tt = mod[0]['vars']
+        assert set(tt['a']['attrspec']) == {'private', 'bind(c)'}
+        assert set(tt['b_']['attrspec']) == {'public', 'bind(c)'}
+        assert set(tt['c']['attrspec']) == {'public'}
+
+    def test_nowrap_private_proceedures(self, tmp_path):
+        fpath = util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "gh23879.f90")
+        mod = crackfortran.crackfortran([str(fpath)])
+        assert len(mod) == 1
+        pyf = crackfortran.crack2fortran(mod)
+        assert 'bar' not in pyf
+
+class TestModuleProcedure():
+    def test_moduleOperators(self, tmp_path):
+        fpath = util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "operators.f90")
+        mod = crackfortran.crackfortran([str(fpath)])
+        assert len(mod) == 1
+        mod = mod[0]
+        assert "body" in mod and len(mod["body"]) == 9
+        assert mod["body"][1]["name"] == "operator(.item.)"
+        assert "implementedby" in mod["body"][1]
+        assert mod["body"][1]["implementedby"] == \
+            ["item_int", "item_real"]
+        assert mod["body"][2]["name"] == "operator(==)"
+        assert "implementedby" in mod["body"][2]
+        assert mod["body"][2]["implementedby"] == ["items_are_equal"]
+        assert mod["body"][3]["name"] == "assignment(=)"
+        assert "implementedby" in mod["body"][3]
+        assert mod["body"][3]["implementedby"] == \
+            ["get_int", "get_real"]
+
+    def test_notPublicPrivate(self, tmp_path):
+        fpath = util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "pubprivmod.f90")
+        mod = crackfortran.crackfortran([str(fpath)])
+        assert len(mod) == 1
+        mod = mod[0]
+        assert mod['vars']['a']['attrspec'] == ['private', ]
+        assert mod['vars']['b']['attrspec'] == ['public', ]
+        assert mod['vars']['seta']['attrspec'] == ['public', ]
+
+
+class TestExternal(util.F2PyTest):
+    # issue gh-17859: add external attribute support
+    sources = [util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "gh17859.f")]
+
+    def test_external_as_statement(self):
+        def incr(x):
+            return x + 123
+
+        r = self.module.external_as_statement(incr)
+        assert r == 123
+
+    def test_external_as_attribute(self):
+        def incr(x):
+            return x + 123
+
+        r = self.module.external_as_attribute(incr)
+        assert r == 123
+
+
+class TestCrackFortran(util.F2PyTest):
+    # gh-2848: commented lines between parameters in subroutine parameter lists
+    sources = [util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "gh2848.f90")]
+
+    def test_gh2848(self):
+        r = self.module.gh2848(1, 2)
+        assert r == (1, 2)
+
+
+class TestMarkinnerspaces:
+    # gh-14118: markinnerspaces does not handle multiple quotations
+
+    def test_do_not_touch_normal_spaces(self):
+        test_list = ["a ", " a", "a b c", "'abcdefghij'"]
+        for i in test_list:
+            assert markinnerspaces(i) == i
+
+    def test_one_relevant_space(self):
+        assert markinnerspaces("a 'b c' \\' \\'") == "a 'b@_@c' \\' \\'"
+        assert markinnerspaces(r'a "b c" \" \"') == r'a "b@_@c" \" \"'
+
+    def test_ignore_inner_quotes(self):
+        assert markinnerspaces("a 'b c\" \" d' e") == "a 'b@_@c\"@_@\"@_@d' e"
+        assert markinnerspaces("a \"b c' ' d\" e") == "a \"b@_@c'@_@'@_@d\" e"
+
+    def test_multiple_relevant_spaces(self):
+        assert markinnerspaces("a 'b c' 'd e'") == "a 'b@_@c' 'd@_@e'"
+        assert markinnerspaces(r'a "b c" "d e"') == r'a "b@_@c" "d@_@e"'
+
+
+class TestDimSpec(util.F2PyTest):
+    """This test suite tests various expressions that are used as dimension
+    specifications.
+
+    There exists two usage cases where analyzing dimensions
+    specifications are important.
+
+    In the first case, the size of output arrays must be defined based
+    on the inputs to a Fortran function. Because Fortran supports
+    arbitrary bases for indexing, for instance, `arr(lower:upper)`,
+    f2py has to evaluate an expression `upper - lower + 1` where
+    `lower` and `upper` are arbitrary expressions of input parameters.
+    The evaluation is performed in C, so f2py has to translate Fortran
+    expressions to valid C expressions (an alternative approach is
+    that a developer specifies the corresponding C expressions in a
+    .pyf file).
+
+    In the second case, when user provides an input array with a given
+    size but some hidden parameters used in dimensions specifications
+    need to be determined based on the input array size. This is a
+    harder problem because f2py has to solve the inverse problem: find
+    a parameter `p` such that `upper(p) - lower(p) + 1` equals to the
+    size of input array. In the case when this equation cannot be
+    solved (e.g. because the input array size is wrong), raise an
+    error before calling the Fortran function (that otherwise would
+    likely crash Python process when the size of input arrays is
+    wrong). f2py currently supports this case only when the equation
+    is linear with respect to unknown parameter.
+
+    """
+
+    suffix = ".f90"
+
+    code_template = textwrap.dedent("""
+      function get_arr_size_{count}(a, n) result (length)
+        integer, intent(in) :: n
+        integer, dimension({dimspec}), intent(out) :: a
+        integer length
+        length = size(a)
+      end function
+
+      subroutine get_inv_arr_size_{count}(a, n)
+        integer :: n
+        ! the value of n is computed in f2py wrapper
+        !f2py intent(out) n
+        integer, dimension({dimspec}), intent(in) :: a
+      end subroutine
+    """)
+
+    linear_dimspecs = [
+        "n", "2*n", "2:n", "n/2", "5 - n/2", "3*n:20", "n*(n+1):n*(n+5)",
+        "2*n, n"
+    ]
+    nonlinear_dimspecs = ["2*n:3*n*n+2*n"]
+    all_dimspecs = linear_dimspecs + nonlinear_dimspecs
+
+    code = ""
+    for count, dimspec in enumerate(all_dimspecs):
+        lst = [(d.split(":")[0] if ":" in d else "1") for d in dimspec.split(',')]
+        code += code_template.format(
+            count=count,
+            dimspec=dimspec,
+            first=", ".join(lst),
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dimspec", all_dimspecs)
+    def test_array_size(self, dimspec):
+
+        count = self.all_dimspecs.index(dimspec)
+        get_arr_size = getattr(self.module, f"get_arr_size_{count}")
+
+        for n in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
+            sz, a = get_arr_size(n)
+            assert a.size == sz
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dimspec", all_dimspecs)
+    def test_inv_array_size(self, dimspec):
+
+        count = self.all_dimspecs.index(dimspec)
+        get_arr_size = getattr(self.module, f"get_arr_size_{count}")
+        get_inv_arr_size = getattr(self.module, f"get_inv_arr_size_{count}")
+
+        for n in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
+            sz, a = get_arr_size(n)
+            if dimspec in self.nonlinear_dimspecs:
+                # one must specify n as input, the call we'll ensure
+                # that a and n are compatible:
+                n1 = get_inv_arr_size(a, n)
+            else:
+                # in case of linear dependence, n can be determined
+                # from the shape of a:
+                n1 = get_inv_arr_size(a)
+            # n1 may be different from n (for instance, when `a` size
+            # is a function of some `n` fraction) but it must produce
+            # the same sized array
+            sz1, _ = get_arr_size(n1)
+            assert sz == sz1, (n, n1, sz, sz1)
+
+
+class TestModuleDeclaration:
+    def test_dependencies(self, tmp_path):
+        fpath = util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "foo_deps.f90")
+        mod = crackfortran.crackfortran([str(fpath)])
+        assert len(mod) == 1
+        assert mod[0]["vars"]["abar"]["="] == "bar('abar')"
+
+
+class TestEval(util.F2PyTest):
+    def test_eval_scalar(self):
+        eval_scalar = crackfortran._eval_scalar
+
+        assert eval_scalar('123', {}) == '123'
+        assert eval_scalar('12 + 3', {}) == '15'
+        assert eval_scalar('a + b', dict(a=1, b=2)) == '3'
+        assert eval_scalar('"123"', {}) == "'123'"
+
+
+class TestFortranReader(util.F2PyTest):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("encoding",
+                             ['ascii', 'utf-8', 'utf-16', 'utf-32'])
+    def test_input_encoding(self, tmp_path, encoding):
+        # gh-635
+        f_path = tmp_path / f"input_with_{encoding}_encoding.f90"
+        with f_path.open('w', encoding=encoding) as ff:
+            ff.write("""
+                     subroutine foo()
+                     end subroutine foo
+                     """)
+        mod = crackfortran.crackfortran([str(f_path)])
+        assert mod[0]['name'] == 'foo'
+
+
+class TestUnicodeComment(util.F2PyTest):
+    sources = [util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "unicode_comment.f90")]
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        (importlib.util.find_spec("charset_normalizer") is None),
+        reason="test requires charset_normalizer which is not installed",
+    )
+    def test_encoding_comment(self):
+        self.module.foo(3)
+
+
+class TestNameArgsPatternBacktracking:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ['adversary'],
+        [
+            ('@)@bind@(@',),
+            ('@)@bind                         @(@',),
+            ('@)@bind foo bar baz@(@',)
+        ]
+    )
+    def test_nameargspattern_backtracking(self, adversary):
+        '''address ReDOS vulnerability:
+        https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/23338'''
+        trials_per_batch = 12
+        batches_per_regex = 4
+        start_reps, end_reps = 15, 25
+        for ii in range(start_reps, end_reps):
+            repeated_adversary = adversary * ii
+            # test times in small batches.
+            # this gives us more chances to catch a bad regex
+            # while still catching it before too long if it is bad
+            for _ in range(batches_per_regex):
+                times = []
+                for _ in range(trials_per_batch):
+                    t0 = time.perf_counter()
+                    mtch = nameargspattern.search(repeated_adversary)
+                    times.append(time.perf_counter() - t0)
+                # our pattern should be much faster than 0.2s per search
+                # it's unlikely that a bad regex will pass even on fast CPUs
+                assert np.median(times) < 0.2
+            assert not mtch
+            # if the adversary is capped with @)@, it becomes acceptable
+            # according to the old version of the regex.
+            # that should still be true.
+            good_version_of_adversary = repeated_adversary + '@)@'
+            assert nameargspattern.search(good_version_of_adversary)
+
+
+class TestFunctionReturn(util.F2PyTest):
+    sources = [util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "gh23598.f90")]
+
+    def test_function_rettype(self):
+        # gh-23598
+        assert self.module.intproduct(3, 4) == 12
+
+
+class TestFortranGroupCounters(util.F2PyTest):
+    def test_end_if_comment(self):
+        # gh-23533
+        fpath = util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "gh23533.f")
+        try:
+            crackfortran.crackfortran([str(fpath)])
+        except Exception as exc:
+            assert False, f"'crackfortran.crackfortran' raised an exception {exc}"
+
+
+class TestF77CommonBlockReader():
+    def test_gh22648(self, tmp_path):
+        fpath = util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "gh22648.pyf")
+        with contextlib.redirect_stdout(io.StringIO()) as stdout_f2py:
+            mod = crackfortran.crackfortran([str(fpath)])
+        assert "Mismatch" not in stdout_f2py.getvalue()
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_isoc.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_isoc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..594bd7caea760ec328b05d9aaa1f6f6cf4a200f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_isoc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from . import util
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+from numpy.testing import assert_allclose
+
+class TestISOC(util.F2PyTest):
+    sources = [
+        util.getpath("tests", "src", "isocintrin", "isoCtests.f90"),
+    ]
+
+    # gh-24553
+    def test_c_double(self):
+        out = self.module.coddity.c_add(1, 2)
+        exp_out = 3
+        assert  out == exp_out
+
+    # gh-9693
+    def test_bindc_function(self):
+        out = self.module.coddity.wat(1, 20)
+        exp_out = 8
+        assert  out == exp_out
+
+    # gh-25207
+    def test_bindc_kinds(self):
+        out = self.module.coddity.c_add_int64(1, 20)
+        exp_out = 21
+        assert  out == exp_out
+
+    # gh-25207
+    def test_bindc_add_arr(self):
+        a = np.array([1,2,3])
+        b = np.array([1,2,3])
+        out = self.module.coddity.add_arr(a, b)
+        exp_out = a*2
+        assert_allclose(out, exp_out)
+
+
+def test_process_f2cmap_dict():
+    from numpy.f2py.auxfuncs import process_f2cmap_dict
+
+    f2cmap_all = {"integer": {"8": "rubbish_type"}}
+    new_map = {"INTEGER": {"4": "int"}}
+    c2py_map = {"int": "int", "rubbish_type": "long"}
+
+    exp_map, exp_maptyp = ({"integer": {"8": "rubbish_type", "4": "int"}}, ["int"])
+
+    # Call the function
+    res_map, res_maptyp = process_f2cmap_dict(f2cmap_all, new_map, c2py_map)
+
+    # Assert the result is as expected
+    assert res_map == exp_map
+    assert res_maptyp == exp_maptyp
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_kind.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_kind.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69b85aaad21bbdcd3d5355bb225d1fac492b1caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_kind.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import os
+import pytest
+import platform
+
+from numpy.f2py.crackfortran import (
+    _selected_int_kind_func as selected_int_kind,
+    _selected_real_kind_func as selected_real_kind,
+)
+from . import util
+
+
+class TestKind(util.F2PyTest):
+    sources = [util.getpath("tests", "src", "kind", "foo.f90")]
+
+    def test_int(self):
+        """Test `int` kind_func for integers up to 10**40."""
+        selectedintkind = self.module.selectedintkind
+
+        for i in range(40):
+            assert selectedintkind(i) == selected_int_kind(
+                i
+            ), f"selectedintkind({i}): expected {selected_int_kind(i)!r} but got {selectedintkind(i)!r}"
+
+    def test_real(self):
+        """
+        Test (processor-dependent) `real` kind_func for real numbers
+        of up to 31 digits precision (extended/quadruple).
+        """
+        selectedrealkind = self.module.selectedrealkind
+
+        for i in range(32):
+            assert selectedrealkind(i) == selected_real_kind(
+                i
+            ), f"selectedrealkind({i}): expected {selected_real_kind(i)!r} but got {selectedrealkind(i)!r}"
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(platform.machine().lower().startswith("ppc"),
+                       reason="Some PowerPC may not support full IEEE 754 precision")
+    def test_quad_precision(self):
+        """
+        Test kind_func for quadruple precision [`real(16)`] of 32+ digits .
+        """
+        selectedrealkind = self.module.selectedrealkind
+
+        for i in range(32, 40):
+            assert selectedrealkind(i) == selected_real_kind(
+                i
+            ), f"selectedrealkind({i}): expected {selected_real_kind(i)!r} but got {selectedrealkind(i)!r}"
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_pyf_src.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_pyf_src.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f77ded2f31d4443c1bda42bb1c21f79fa100ce23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_pyf_src.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# This test is ported from numpy.distutils
+from numpy.f2py._src_pyf import process_str
+from numpy.testing import assert_equal
+
+
+pyf_src = """
+python module foo
+    <_rd=real,double precision>
+    interface
+        subroutine foosub(tol)
+            <_rd>, intent(in,out) :: tol
+        end subroutine foosub
+    end interface
+end python module foo
+"""
+
+expected_pyf = """
+python module foo
+    interface
+        subroutine sfoosub(tol)
+            real, intent(in,out) :: tol
+        end subroutine sfoosub
+        subroutine dfoosub(tol)
+            double precision, intent(in,out) :: tol
+        end subroutine dfoosub
+    end interface
+end python module foo
+"""
+
+
+def normalize_whitespace(s):
+    """
+    Remove leading and trailing whitespace, and convert internal
+    stretches of whitespace to a single space.
+    """
+    return ' '.join(s.split())
+
+
+def test_from_template():
+    """Regression test for gh-10712."""
+    pyf = process_str(pyf_src)
+    normalized_pyf = normalize_whitespace(pyf)
+    normalized_expected_pyf = normalize_whitespace(expected_pyf)
+    assert_equal(normalized_pyf, normalized_expected_pyf)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_complex.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_complex.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9df79632dd403f8a68b056b60e6ea7323797c186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_return_complex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import pytest
+
+from numpy import array
+from . import util
+
+
+class TestReturnComplex(util.F2PyTest):
+    def check_function(self, t, tname):
+        if tname in ["t0", "t8", "s0", "s8"]:
+            err = 1e-5
+        else:
+            err = 0.0
+        assert abs(t(234j) - 234.0j) <= err
+        assert abs(t(234.6) - 234.6) <= err
+        assert abs(t(234) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(234.6 + 3j) - (234.6 + 3j)) <= err
+        # assert abs(t('234')-234.)<=err
+        # assert abs(t('234.6')-234.6)<=err
+        assert abs(t(-234) + 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t([234]) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t((234, )) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array(234)) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array(23 + 4j, "F")) - (23 + 4j)) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array([234])) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array([[234]])) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array([234]).astype("b")) + 22.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array([234], "h")) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array([234], "i")) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array([234], "l")) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array([234], "q")) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array([234], "f")) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array([234], "d")) - 234.0) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array([234 + 3j], "F")) - (234 + 3j)) <= err
+        assert abs(t(array([234], "D")) - 234.0) <= err
+
+        # pytest.raises(TypeError, t, array([234], 'a1'))
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, t, "abc")
+
+        pytest.raises(IndexError, t, [])
+        pytest.raises(IndexError, t, ())
+
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, t, t)
+        pytest.raises(TypeError, t, {})
+
+        try:
+            r = t(10**400)
+            assert repr(r) in ["(inf+0j)", "(Infinity+0j)"]
+        except OverflowError:
+            pass
+
+
+class TestFReturnComplex(TestReturnComplex):
+    sources = [
+        util.getpath("tests", "src", "return_complex", "foo77.f"),
+        util.getpath("tests", "src", "return_complex", "foo90.f90"),
+    ]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", "t0,t8,t16,td,s0,s8,s16,sd".split(","))
+    def test_all_f77(self, name):
+        self.check_function(getattr(self.module, name), name)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", "t0,t8,t16,td,s0,s8,s16,sd".split(","))
+    def test_all_f90(self, name):
+        self.check_function(getattr(self.module.f90_return_complex, name),
+                            name)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_string.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_string.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e937188c9309eb09534b5b1ec822b5890a0bbdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_string.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+import os
+import pytest
+import textwrap
+import numpy as np
+from . import util
+
+
+class TestString(util.F2PyTest):
+    sources = [util.getpath("tests", "src", "string", "char.f90")]
+
+    @pytest.mark.slow
+    def test_char(self):
+        strings = np.array(["ab", "cd", "ef"], dtype="c").T
+        inp, out = self.module.char_test.change_strings(
+            strings, strings.shape[1])
+        assert inp == pytest.approx(strings)
+        expected = strings.copy()
+        expected[1, :] = "AAA"
+        assert out == pytest.approx(expected)
+
+
+class TestDocStringArguments(util.F2PyTest):
+    sources = [util.getpath("tests", "src", "string", "string.f")]
+
+    def test_example(self):
+        a = np.array(b"123\0\0")
+        b = np.array(b"123\0\0")
+        c = np.array(b"123")
+        d = np.array(b"123")
+
+        self.module.foo(a, b, c, d)
+
+        assert a.tobytes() == b"123\0\0"
+        assert b.tobytes() == b"B23\0\0"
+        assert c.tobytes() == b"123"
+        assert d.tobytes() == b"D23"
+
+
+class TestFixedString(util.F2PyTest):
+    sources = [util.getpath("tests", "src", "string", "fixed_string.f90")]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _sint(s, start=0, end=None):
+        """Return the content of a string buffer as integer value.
+
+        For example:
+          _sint('1234') -> 4321
+          _sint('123A') -> 17321
+        """
+        if isinstance(s, np.ndarray):
+            s = s.tobytes()
+        elif isinstance(s, str):
+            s = s.encode()
+        assert isinstance(s, bytes)
+        if end is None:
+            end = len(s)
+        i = 0
+        for j in range(start, min(end, len(s))):
+            i += s[j] * 10**j
+        return i
+
+    def _get_input(self, intent="in"):
+        if intent in ["in"]:
+            yield ""
+            yield "1"
+            yield "1234"
+            yield "12345"
+            yield b""
+            yield b"\0"
+            yield b"1"
+            yield b"\01"
+            yield b"1\0"
+            yield b"1234"
+            yield b"12345"
+        yield np.ndarray((), np.bytes_, buffer=b"")  # array(b'', dtype='|S0')
+        yield np.array(b"")  # array(b'', dtype='|S1')
+        yield np.array(b"\0")
+        yield np.array(b"1")
+        yield np.array(b"1\0")
+        yield np.array(b"\01")
+        yield np.array(b"1234")
+        yield np.array(b"123\0")
+        yield np.array(b"12345")
+
+    def test_intent_in(self):
+        for s in self._get_input():
+            r = self.module.test_in_bytes4(s)
+            # also checks that s is not changed inplace
+            expected = self._sint(s, end=4)
+            assert r == expected, s
+
+    def test_intent_inout(self):
+        for s in self._get_input(intent="inout"):
+            rest = self._sint(s, start=4)
+            r = self.module.test_inout_bytes4(s)
+            expected = self._sint(s, end=4)
+            assert r == expected
+
+            # check that the rest of input string is preserved
+            assert rest == self._sint(s, start=4)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_symbolic.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_symbolic.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8452783111ebe7130d17301d228eb5708e9eced7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/test_symbolic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+import pytest
+
+from numpy.f2py.symbolic import (
+    Expr,
+    Op,
+    ArithOp,
+    Language,
+    as_symbol,
+    as_number,
+    as_string,
+    as_array,
+    as_complex,
+    as_terms,
+    as_factors,
+    eliminate_quotes,
+    insert_quotes,
+    fromstring,
+    as_expr,
+    as_apply,
+    as_numer_denom,
+    as_ternary,
+    as_ref,
+    as_deref,
+    normalize,
+    as_eq,
+    as_ne,
+    as_lt,
+    as_gt,
+    as_le,
+    as_ge,
+)
+from . import util
+
+
+class TestSymbolic(util.F2PyTest):
+    def test_eliminate_quotes(self):
+        def worker(s):
+            r, d = eliminate_quotes(s)
+            s1 = insert_quotes(r, d)
+            assert s1 == s
+
+        for kind in ["", "mykind_"]:
+            worker(kind + '"1234" // "ABCD"')
+            worker(kind + '"1234" // ' + kind + '"ABCD"')
+            worker(kind + "\"1234\" // 'ABCD'")
+            worker(kind + '"1234" // ' + kind + "'ABCD'")
+            worker(kind + '"1\\"2\'AB\'34"')
+            worker("a = " + kind + "'1\\'2\"AB\"34'")
+
+    def test_sanity(self):
+        x = as_symbol("x")
+        y = as_symbol("y")
+        z = as_symbol("z")
+
+        assert x.op == Op.SYMBOL
+        assert repr(x) == "Expr(Op.SYMBOL, 'x')"
+        assert x == x
+        assert x != y
+        assert hash(x) is not None
+
+        n = as_number(123)
+        m = as_number(456)
+        assert n.op == Op.INTEGER
+        assert repr(n) == "Expr(Op.INTEGER, (123, 4))"
+        assert n == n
+        assert n != m
+        assert hash(n) is not None
+
+        fn = as_number(12.3)
+        fm = as_number(45.6)
+        assert fn.op == Op.REAL
+        assert repr(fn) == "Expr(Op.REAL, (12.3, 4))"
+        assert fn == fn
+        assert fn != fm
+        assert hash(fn) is not None
+
+        c = as_complex(1, 2)
+        c2 = as_complex(3, 4)
+        assert c.op == Op.COMPLEX
+        assert repr(c) == ("Expr(Op.COMPLEX, (Expr(Op.INTEGER, (1, 4)),"
+                           " Expr(Op.INTEGER, (2, 4))))")
+        assert c == c
+        assert c != c2
+        assert hash(c) is not None
+
+        s = as_string("'123'")
+        s2 = as_string('"ABC"')
+        assert s.op == Op.STRING
+        assert repr(s) == "Expr(Op.STRING, (\"'123'\", 1))", repr(s)
+        assert s == s
+        assert s != s2
+
+        a = as_array((n, m))
+        b = as_array((n, ))
+        assert a.op == Op.ARRAY
+        assert repr(a) == ("Expr(Op.ARRAY, (Expr(Op.INTEGER, (123, 4)),"
+                           " Expr(Op.INTEGER, (456, 4))))")
+        assert a == a
+        assert a != b
+
+        t = as_terms(x)
+        u = as_terms(y)
+        assert t.op == Op.TERMS
+        assert repr(t) == "Expr(Op.TERMS, {Expr(Op.SYMBOL, 'x'): 1})"
+        assert t == t
+        assert t != u
+        assert hash(t) is not None
+
+        v = as_factors(x)
+        w = as_factors(y)
+        assert v.op == Op.FACTORS
+        assert repr(v) == "Expr(Op.FACTORS, {Expr(Op.SYMBOL, 'x'): 1})"
+        assert v == v
+        assert w != v
+        assert hash(v) is not None
+
+        t = as_ternary(x, y, z)
+        u = as_ternary(x, z, y)
+        assert t.op == Op.TERNARY
+        assert t == t
+        assert t != u
+        assert hash(t) is not None
+
+        e = as_eq(x, y)
+        f = as_lt(x, y)
+        assert e.op == Op.RELATIONAL
+        assert e == e
+        assert e != f
+        assert hash(e) is not None
+
+    def test_tostring_fortran(self):
+        x = as_symbol("x")
+        y = as_symbol("y")
+        z = as_symbol("z")
+        n = as_number(123)
+        m = as_number(456)
+        a = as_array((n, m))
+        c = as_complex(n, m)
+
+        assert str(x) == "x"
+        assert str(n) == "123"
+        assert str(a) == "[123, 456]"
+        assert str(c) == "(123, 456)"
+
+        assert str(Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 1})) == "x"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 2})) == "2 * x"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: -1})) == "-x"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: -2})) == "-2 * x"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 1, y: 1})) == "x + y"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: -1, y: -1})) == "-x - y"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 2, y: 3})) == "2 * x + 3 * y"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: -2, y: 3})) == "-2 * x + 3 * y"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 2, y: -3})) == "2 * x - 3 * y"
+
+        assert str(Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 1})) == "x"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 2})) == "x ** 2"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: -1})) == "x ** -1"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: -2})) == "x ** -2"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 1, y: 1})) == "x * y"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 2, y: 3})) == "x ** 2 * y ** 3"
+
+        v = Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 2, Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 1, y: 1}): 3})
+        assert str(v) == "x ** 2 * (x + y) ** 3", str(v)
+        v = Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 2, Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 1, y: 1}): 3})
+        assert str(v) == "x ** 2 * (x * y) ** 3", str(v)
+
+        assert str(Expr(Op.APPLY, ("f", (), {}))) == "f()"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.APPLY, ("f", (x, ), {}))) == "f(x)"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.APPLY, ("f", (x, y), {}))) == "f(x, y)"
+        assert str(Expr(Op.INDEXING, ("f", x))) == "f[x]"
+
+        assert str(as_ternary(x, y, z)) == "merge(y, z, x)"
+        assert str(as_eq(x, y)) == "x .eq. y"
+        assert str(as_ne(x, y)) == "x .ne. y"
+        assert str(as_lt(x, y)) == "x .lt. y"
+        assert str(as_le(x, y)) == "x .le. y"
+        assert str(as_gt(x, y)) == "x .gt. y"
+        assert str(as_ge(x, y)) == "x .ge. y"
+
+    def test_tostring_c(self):
+        language = Language.C
+        x = as_symbol("x")
+        y = as_symbol("y")
+        z = as_symbol("z")
+        n = as_number(123)
+
+        assert Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 2}).tostring(language=language) == "x * x"
+        assert (Expr(Op.FACTORS, {
+            x + y: 2
+        }).tostring(language=language) == "(x + y) * (x + y)")
+        assert Expr(Op.FACTORS, {
+            x: 12
+        }).tostring(language=language) == "pow(x, 12)"
+
+        assert as_apply(ArithOp.DIV, x,
+                        y).tostring(language=language) == "x / y"
+        assert (as_apply(ArithOp.DIV, x,
+                         x + y).tostring(language=language) == "x / (x + y)")
+        assert (as_apply(ArithOp.DIV, x - y, x +
+                         y).tostring(language=language) == "(x - y) / (x + y)")
+        assert (x + (x - y) / (x + y) +
+                n).tostring(language=language) == "123 + x + (x - y) / (x + y)"
+
+        assert as_ternary(x, y, z).tostring(language=language) == "(x?y:z)"
+        assert as_eq(x, y).tostring(language=language) == "x == y"
+        assert as_ne(x, y).tostring(language=language) == "x != y"
+        assert as_lt(x, y).tostring(language=language) == "x < y"
+        assert as_le(x, y).tostring(language=language) == "x <= y"
+        assert as_gt(x, y).tostring(language=language) == "x > y"
+        assert as_ge(x, y).tostring(language=language) == "x >= y"
+
+    def test_operations(self):
+        x = as_symbol("x")
+        y = as_symbol("y")
+        z = as_symbol("z")
+
+        assert x + x == Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 2})
+        assert x - x == Expr(Op.INTEGER, (0, 4))
+        assert x + y == Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 1, y: 1})
+        assert x - y == Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 1, y: -1})
+        assert x * x == Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 2})
+        assert x * y == Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 1, y: 1})
+
+        assert +x == x
+        assert -x == Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: -1}), repr(-x)
+        assert 2 * x == Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 2})
+        assert 2 + x == Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 1, as_number(1): 2})
+        assert 2 * x + 3 * y == Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 2, y: 3})
+        assert (x + y) * 2 == Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 2, y: 2})
+
+        assert x**2 == Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 2})
+        assert (x + y)**2 == Expr(
+            Op.TERMS,
+            {
+                Expr(Op.FACTORS, {x: 2}): 1,
+                Expr(Op.FACTORS, {y: 2}): 1,
+                Expr(Op.FACTORS, {
+                    x: 1,
+                    y: 1
+                }): 2,
+            },
+        )
+        assert (x + y) * x == x**2 + x * y
+        assert (x + y)**2 == x**2 + 2 * x * y + y**2
+        assert (x + y)**2 + (x - y)**2 == 2 * x**2 + 2 * y**2
+        assert (x + y) * z == x * z + y * z
+        assert z * (x + y) == x * z + y * z
+
+        assert (x / 2) == as_apply(ArithOp.DIV, x, as_number(2))
+        assert (2 * x / 2) == x
+        assert (3 * x / 2) == as_apply(ArithOp.DIV, 3 * x, as_number(2))
+        assert (4 * x / 2) == 2 * x
+        assert (5 * x / 2) == as_apply(ArithOp.DIV, 5 * x, as_number(2))
+        assert (6 * x / 2) == 3 * x
+        assert ((3 * 5) * x / 6) == as_apply(ArithOp.DIV, 5 * x, as_number(2))
+        assert (30 * x**2 * y**4 / (24 * x**3 * y**3)) == as_apply(
+            ArithOp.DIV, 5 * y, 4 * x)
+        assert ((15 * x / 6) / 5) == as_apply(ArithOp.DIV, x,
+                                              as_number(2)), (15 * x / 6) / 5
+        assert (x / (5 / x)) == as_apply(ArithOp.DIV, x**2, as_number(5))
+
+        assert (x / 2.0) == Expr(Op.TERMS, {x: 0.5})
+
+        s = as_string('"ABC"')
+        t = as_string('"123"')
+
+        assert s // t == Expr(Op.STRING, ('"ABC123"', 1))
+        assert s // x == Expr(Op.CONCAT, (s, x))
+        assert x // s == Expr(Op.CONCAT, (x, s))
+
+        c = as_complex(1.0, 2.0)
+        assert -c == as_complex(-1.0, -2.0)
+        assert c + c == as_expr((1 + 2j) * 2)
+        assert c * c == as_expr((1 + 2j)**2)
+
+    def test_substitute(self):
+        x = as_symbol("x")
+        y = as_symbol("y")
+        z = as_symbol("z")
+        a = as_array((x, y))
+
+        assert x.substitute({x: y}) == y
+        assert (x + y).substitute({x: z}) == y + z
+        assert (x * y).substitute({x: z}) == y * z
+        assert (x**4).substitute({x: z}) == z**4
+        assert (x / y).substitute({x: z}) == z / y
+        assert x.substitute({x: y + z}) == y + z
+        assert a.substitute({x: y + z}) == as_array((y + z, y))
+
+        assert as_ternary(x, y,
+                          z).substitute({x: y + z}) == as_ternary(y + z, y, z)
+        assert as_eq(x, y).substitute({x: y + z}) == as_eq(y + z, y)
+
+    def test_fromstring(self):
+
+        x = as_symbol("x")
+        y = as_symbol("y")
+        z = as_symbol("z")
+        f = as_symbol("f")
+        s = as_string('"ABC"')
+        t = as_string('"123"')
+        a = as_array((x, y))
+
+        assert fromstring("x") == x
+        assert fromstring("+ x") == x
+        assert fromstring("-  x") == -x
+        assert fromstring("x + y") == x + y
+        assert fromstring("x + 1") == x + 1
+        assert fromstring("x * y") == x * y
+        assert fromstring("x * 2") == x * 2
+        assert fromstring("x / y") == x / y
+        assert fromstring("x ** 2", language=Language.Python) == x**2
+        assert fromstring("x ** 2 ** 3", language=Language.Python) == x**2**3
+        assert fromstring("(x + y) * z") == (x + y) * z
+
+        assert fromstring("f(x)") == f(x)
+        assert fromstring("f(x,y)") == f(x, y)
+        assert fromstring("f[x]") == f[x]
+        assert fromstring("f[x][y]") == f[x][y]
+
+        assert fromstring('"ABC"') == s
+        assert (normalize(
+            fromstring('"ABC" // "123" ',
+                       language=Language.Fortran)) == s // t)
+        assert fromstring('f("ABC")') == f(s)
+        assert fromstring('MYSTRKIND_"ABC"') == as_string('"ABC"', "MYSTRKIND")
+
+        assert fromstring("(/x, y/)") == a, fromstring("(/x, y/)")
+        assert fromstring("f((/x, y/))") == f(a)
+        assert fromstring("(/(x+y)*z/)") == as_array(((x + y) * z, ))
+
+        assert fromstring("123") == as_number(123)
+        assert fromstring("123_2") == as_number(123, 2)
+        assert fromstring("123_myintkind") == as_number(123, "myintkind")
+
+        assert fromstring("123.0") == as_number(123.0, 4)
+        assert fromstring("123.0_4") == as_number(123.0, 4)
+        assert fromstring("123.0_8") == as_number(123.0, 8)
+        assert fromstring("123.0e0") == as_number(123.0, 4)
+        assert fromstring("123.0d0") == as_number(123.0, 8)
+        assert fromstring("123d0") == as_number(123.0, 8)
+        assert fromstring("123e-0") == as_number(123.0, 4)
+        assert fromstring("123d+0") == as_number(123.0, 8)
+        assert fromstring("123.0_myrealkind") == as_number(123.0, "myrealkind")
+        assert fromstring("3E4") == as_number(30000.0, 4)
+
+        assert fromstring("(1, 2)") == as_complex(1, 2)
+        assert fromstring("(1e2, PI)") == as_complex(as_number(100.0),
+                                                     as_symbol("PI"))
+
+        assert fromstring("[1, 2]") == as_array((as_number(1), as_number(2)))
+
+        assert fromstring("POINT(x, y=1)") == as_apply(as_symbol("POINT"),
+                                                       x,
+                                                       y=as_number(1))
+        assert fromstring(
+            'PERSON(name="John", age=50, shape=(/34, 23/))') == as_apply(
+                as_symbol("PERSON"),
+                name=as_string('"John"'),
+                age=as_number(50),
+                shape=as_array((as_number(34), as_number(23))),
+            )
+
+        assert fromstring("x?y:z") == as_ternary(x, y, z)
+
+        assert fromstring("*x") == as_deref(x)
+        assert fromstring("**x") == as_deref(as_deref(x))
+        assert fromstring("&x") == as_ref(x)
+        assert fromstring("(*x) * (*y)") == as_deref(x) * as_deref(y)
+        assert fromstring("(*x) * *y") == as_deref(x) * as_deref(y)
+        assert fromstring("*x * *y") == as_deref(x) * as_deref(y)
+        assert fromstring("*x**y") == as_deref(x) * as_deref(y)
+
+        assert fromstring("x == y") == as_eq(x, y)
+        assert fromstring("x != y") == as_ne(x, y)
+        assert fromstring("x < y") == as_lt(x, y)
+        assert fromstring("x > y") == as_gt(x, y)
+        assert fromstring("x <= y") == as_le(x, y)
+        assert fromstring("x >= y") == as_ge(x, y)
+
+        assert fromstring("x .eq. y", language=Language.Fortran) == as_eq(x, y)
+        assert fromstring("x .ne. y", language=Language.Fortran) == as_ne(x, y)
+        assert fromstring("x .lt. y", language=Language.Fortran) == as_lt(x, y)
+        assert fromstring("x .gt. y", language=Language.Fortran) == as_gt(x, y)
+        assert fromstring("x .le. y", language=Language.Fortran) == as_le(x, y)
+        assert fromstring("x .ge. y", language=Language.Fortran) == as_ge(x, y)
+
+    def test_traverse(self):
+        x = as_symbol("x")
+        y = as_symbol("y")
+        z = as_symbol("z")
+        f = as_symbol("f")
+
+        # Use traverse to substitute a symbol
+        def replace_visit(s, r=z):
+            if s == x:
+                return r
+
+        assert x.traverse(replace_visit) == z
+        assert y.traverse(replace_visit) == y
+        assert z.traverse(replace_visit) == z
+        assert (f(y)).traverse(replace_visit) == f(y)
+        assert (f(x)).traverse(replace_visit) == f(z)
+        assert (f[y]).traverse(replace_visit) == f[y]
+        assert (f[z]).traverse(replace_visit) == f[z]
+        assert (x + y + z).traverse(replace_visit) == (2 * z + y)
+        assert (x +
+                f(y, x - z)).traverse(replace_visit) == (z +
+                                                         f(y, as_number(0)))
+        assert as_eq(x, y).traverse(replace_visit) == as_eq(z, y)
+
+        # Use traverse to collect symbols, method 1
+        function_symbols = set()
+        symbols = set()
+
+        def collect_symbols(s):
+            if s.op is Op.APPLY:
+                oper = s.data[0]
+                function_symbols.add(oper)
+                if oper in symbols:
+                    symbols.remove(oper)
+            elif s.op is Op.SYMBOL and s not in function_symbols:
+                symbols.add(s)
+
+        (x + f(y, x - z)).traverse(collect_symbols)
+        assert function_symbols == {f}
+        assert symbols == {x, y, z}
+
+        # Use traverse to collect symbols, method 2
+        def collect_symbols2(expr, symbols):
+            if expr.op is Op.SYMBOL:
+                symbols.add(expr)
+
+        symbols = set()
+        (x + f(y, x - z)).traverse(collect_symbols2, symbols)
+        assert symbols == {x, y, z, f}
+
+        # Use traverse to partially collect symbols
+        def collect_symbols3(expr, symbols):
+            if expr.op is Op.APPLY:
+                # skip traversing function calls
+                return expr
+            if expr.op is Op.SYMBOL:
+                symbols.add(expr)
+
+        symbols = set()
+        (x + f(y, x - z)).traverse(collect_symbols3, symbols)
+        assert symbols == {x}
+
+    def test_linear_solve(self):
+        x = as_symbol("x")
+        y = as_symbol("y")
+        z = as_symbol("z")
+
+        assert x.linear_solve(x) == (as_number(1), as_number(0))
+        assert (x + 1).linear_solve(x) == (as_number(1), as_number(1))
+        assert (2 * x).linear_solve(x) == (as_number(2), as_number(0))
+        assert (2 * x + 3).linear_solve(x) == (as_number(2), as_number(3))
+        assert as_number(3).linear_solve(x) == (as_number(0), as_number(3))
+        assert y.linear_solve(x) == (as_number(0), y)
+        assert (y * z).linear_solve(x) == (as_number(0), y * z)
+
+        assert (x + y).linear_solve(x) == (as_number(1), y)
+        assert (z * x + y).linear_solve(x) == (z, y)
+        assert ((z + y) * x + y).linear_solve(x) == (z + y, y)
+        assert (z * y * x + y).linear_solve(x) == (z * y, y)
+
+        pytest.raises(RuntimeError, lambda: (x * x).linear_solve(x))
+
+    def test_as_numer_denom(self):
+        x = as_symbol("x")
+        y = as_symbol("y")
+        n = as_number(123)
+
+        assert as_numer_denom(x) == (x, as_number(1))
+        assert as_numer_denom(x / n) == (x, n)
+        assert as_numer_denom(n / x) == (n, x)
+        assert as_numer_denom(x / y) == (x, y)
+        assert as_numer_denom(x * y) == (x * y, as_number(1))
+        assert as_numer_denom(n + x / y) == (x + n * y, y)
+        assert as_numer_denom(n + x / (y - x / n)) == (y * n**2, y * n - x)
+
+    def test_polynomial_atoms(self):
+        x = as_symbol("x")
+        y = as_symbol("y")
+        n = as_number(123)
+
+        assert x.polynomial_atoms() == {x}
+        assert n.polynomial_atoms() == set()
+        assert (y[x]).polynomial_atoms() == {y[x]}
+        assert (y(x)).polynomial_atoms() == {y(x)}
+        assert (y(x) + x).polynomial_atoms() == {y(x), x}
+        assert (y(x) * x[y]).polynomial_atoms() == {y(x), x[y]}
+        assert (y(x)**x).polynomial_atoms() == {y(x)}
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/util.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ed6c0855fb8d24ec0df77dabe687144c4342e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/f2py/tests/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+"""
+Utility functions for
+
+- building and importing modules on test time, using a temporary location
+- detecting if compilers are present
+- determining paths to tests
+
+"""
+import glob
+import os
+import sys
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import shutil
+import atexit
+import textwrap
+import re
+import pytest
+import contextlib
+import numpy
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from numpy.compat import asstr
+from numpy._utils import asunicode
+from numpy.testing import temppath, IS_WASM
+from importlib import import_module
+
+#
+# Maintaining a temporary module directory
+#
+
+_module_dir = None
+_module_num = 5403
+
+if sys.platform == "cygwin":
+    NUMPY_INSTALL_ROOT = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent
+    _module_list = list(NUMPY_INSTALL_ROOT.glob("**/*.dll"))
+
+
+def _cleanup():
+    global _module_dir
+    if _module_dir is not None:
+        try:
+            sys.path.remove(_module_dir)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        try:
+            shutil.rmtree(_module_dir)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+        _module_dir = None
+
+
+def get_module_dir():
+    global _module_dir
+    if _module_dir is None:
+        _module_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        atexit.register(_cleanup)
+        if _module_dir not in sys.path:
+            sys.path.insert(0, _module_dir)
+    return _module_dir
+
+
+def get_temp_module_name():
+    # Assume single-threaded, and the module dir usable only by this thread
+    global _module_num
+    get_module_dir()
+    name = "_test_ext_module_%d" % _module_num
+    _module_num += 1
+    if name in sys.modules:
+        # this should not be possible, but check anyway
+        raise RuntimeError("Temporary module name already in use.")
+    return name
+
+
+def _memoize(func):
+    memo = {}
+
+    def wrapper(*a, **kw):
+        key = repr((a, kw))
+        if key not in memo:
+            try:
+                memo[key] = func(*a, **kw)
+            except Exception as e:
+                memo[key] = e
+                raise
+        ret = memo[key]
+        if isinstance(ret, Exception):
+            raise ret
+        return ret
+
+    wrapper.__name__ = func.__name__
+    return wrapper
+
+
+#
+# Building modules
+#
+
+
+@_memoize
+def build_module(source_files, options=[], skip=[], only=[], module_name=None):
+    """
+    Compile and import a f2py module, built from the given files.
+
+    """
+
+    code = f"import sys; sys.path = {sys.path!r}; import numpy.f2py; numpy.f2py.main()"
+
+    d = get_module_dir()
+
+    # Copy files
+    dst_sources = []
+    f2py_sources = []
+    for fn in source_files:
+        if not os.path.isfile(fn):
+            raise RuntimeError("%s is not a file" % fn)
+        dst = os.path.join(d, os.path.basename(fn))
+        shutil.copyfile(fn, dst)
+        dst_sources.append(dst)
+
+        base, ext = os.path.splitext(dst)
+        if ext in (".f90", ".f", ".c", ".pyf"):
+            f2py_sources.append(dst)
+
+    assert f2py_sources
+
+    # Prepare options
+    if module_name is None:
+        module_name = get_temp_module_name()
+    f2py_opts = ["-c", "-m", module_name] + options + f2py_sources
+    if skip:
+        f2py_opts += ["skip:"] + skip
+    if only:
+        f2py_opts += ["only:"] + only
+
+    # Build
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    try:
+        os.chdir(d)
+        cmd = [sys.executable, "-c", code] + f2py_opts
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+        out, err = p.communicate()
+        if p.returncode != 0:
+            raise RuntimeError("Running f2py failed: %s\n%s" %
+                               (cmd[4:], asunicode(out)))
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)
+
+        # Partial cleanup
+        for fn in dst_sources:
+            os.unlink(fn)
+
+    # Rebase (Cygwin-only)
+    if sys.platform == "cygwin":
+        # If someone starts deleting modules after import, this will
+        # need to change to record how big each module is, rather than
+        # relying on rebase being able to find that from the files.
+        _module_list.extend(
+            glob.glob(os.path.join(d, "{:s}*".format(module_name)))
+        )
+        subprocess.check_call(
+            ["/usr/bin/rebase", "--database", "--oblivious", "--verbose"]
+            + _module_list
+        )
+
+
+
+    # Import
+    return import_module(module_name)
+
+
+@_memoize
+def build_code(source_code,
+               options=[],
+               skip=[],
+               only=[],
+               suffix=None,
+               module_name=None):
+    """
+    Compile and import Fortran code using f2py.
+
+    """
+    if suffix is None:
+        suffix = ".f"
+    with temppath(suffix=suffix) as path:
+        with open(path, "w") as f:
+            f.write(source_code)
+        return build_module([path],
+                            options=options,
+                            skip=skip,
+                            only=only,
+                            module_name=module_name)
+
+
+#
+# Check if compilers are available at all...
+#
+
+_compiler_status = None
+
+
+def _get_compiler_status():
+    global _compiler_status
+    if _compiler_status is not None:
+        return _compiler_status
+
+    _compiler_status = (False, False, False)
+    if IS_WASM:
+        # Can't run compiler from inside WASM.
+        return _compiler_status
+
+    # XXX: this is really ugly. But I don't know how to invoke Distutils
+    #      in a safer way...
+    code = textwrap.dedent(f"""\
+        import os
+        import sys
+        sys.path = {repr(sys.path)}
+
+        def configuration(parent_name='',top_path=None):
+            global config
+            from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
+            config = Configuration('', parent_name, top_path)
+            return config
+
+        from numpy.distutils.core import setup
+        setup(configuration=configuration)
+
+        config_cmd = config.get_config_cmd()
+        have_c = config_cmd.try_compile('void foo() {{}}')
+        print('COMPILERS:%%d,%%d,%%d' %% (have_c,
+                                          config.have_f77c(),
+                                          config.have_f90c()))
+        sys.exit(99)
+        """)
+    code = code % dict(syspath=repr(sys.path))
+
+    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+    try:
+        script = os.path.join(tmpdir, "setup.py")
+
+        with open(script, "w") as f:
+            f.write(code)
+
+        cmd = [sys.executable, "setup.py", "config"]
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+                             cwd=tmpdir)
+        out, err = p.communicate()
+    finally:
+        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
+
+    m = re.search(br"COMPILERS:(\d+),(\d+),(\d+)", out)
+    if m:
+        _compiler_status = (
+            bool(int(m.group(1))),
+            bool(int(m.group(2))),
+            bool(int(m.group(3))),
+        )
+    # Finished
+    return _compiler_status
+
+
+def has_c_compiler():
+    return _get_compiler_status()[0]
+
+
+def has_f77_compiler():
+    return _get_compiler_status()[1]
+
+
+def has_f90_compiler():
+    return _get_compiler_status()[2]
+
+
+#
+# Building with distutils
+#
+
+
+@_memoize
+def build_module_distutils(source_files, config_code, module_name, **kw):
+    """
+    Build a module via distutils and import it.
+
+    """
+    d = get_module_dir()
+
+    # Copy files
+    dst_sources = []
+    for fn in source_files:
+        if not os.path.isfile(fn):
+            raise RuntimeError("%s is not a file" % fn)
+        dst = os.path.join(d, os.path.basename(fn))
+        shutil.copyfile(fn, dst)
+        dst_sources.append(dst)
+
+    # Build script
+    config_code = textwrap.dedent(config_code).replace("\n", "\n    ")
+
+    code = fr"""
+import os
+import sys
+sys.path = {repr(sys.path)}
+
+def configuration(parent_name='',top_path=None):
+    from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
+    config = Configuration('', parent_name, top_path)
+    {config_code}
+    return config
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from numpy.distutils.core import setup
+    setup(configuration=configuration)
+    """
+    script = os.path.join(d, get_temp_module_name() + ".py")
+    dst_sources.append(script)
+    with open(script, "wb") as f:
+        f.write(code.encode('latin1'))
+
+    # Build
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    try:
+        os.chdir(d)
+        cmd = [sys.executable, script, "build_ext", "-i"]
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+        out, err = p.communicate()
+        if p.returncode != 0:
+            raise RuntimeError("Running distutils build failed: %s\n%s" %
+                               (cmd[4:], asstr(out)))
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)
+
+        # Partial cleanup
+        for fn in dst_sources:
+            os.unlink(fn)
+
+    # Import
+    __import__(module_name)
+    return sys.modules[module_name]
+
+
+#
+# Unittest convenience
+#
+
+
+class F2PyTest:
+    code = None
+    sources = None
+    options = []
+    skip = []
+    only = []
+    suffix = ".f"
+    module = None
+
+    @property
+    def module_name(self):
+        cls = type(self)
+        return f'_{cls.__module__.rsplit(".",1)[-1]}_{cls.__name__}_ext_module'
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            pytest.skip("Fails with MinGW64 Gfortran (Issue #9673)")
+
+        if self.module is not None:
+            return
+
+        # Check compiler availability first
+        if not has_c_compiler():
+            pytest.skip("No C compiler available")
+
+        codes = []
+        if self.sources:
+            codes.extend(self.sources)
+        if self.code is not None:
+            codes.append(self.suffix)
+
+        needs_f77 = False
+        needs_f90 = False
+        needs_pyf = False
+        for fn in codes:
+            if str(fn).endswith(".f"):
+                needs_f77 = True
+            elif str(fn).endswith(".f90"):
+                needs_f90 = True
+            elif str(fn).endswith(".pyf"):
+                needs_pyf = True
+        if needs_f77 and not has_f77_compiler():
+            pytest.skip("No Fortran 77 compiler available")
+        if needs_f90 and not has_f90_compiler():
+            pytest.skip("No Fortran 90 compiler available")
+        if needs_pyf and not (has_f90_compiler() or has_f77_compiler()):
+            pytest.skip("No Fortran compiler available")
+
+        # Build the module
+        if self.code is not None:
+            self.module = build_code(
+                self.code,
+                options=self.options,
+                skip=self.skip,
+                only=self.only,
+                suffix=self.suffix,
+                module_name=self.module_name,
+            )
+
+        if self.sources is not None:
+            self.module = build_module(
+                self.sources,
+                options=self.options,
+                skip=self.skip,
+                only=self.only,
+                module_name=self.module_name,
+            )
+
+
+#
+# Helper functions
+#
+
+
+def getpath(*a):
+    # Package root
+    d = Path(numpy.f2py.__file__).parent.resolve()
+    return d.joinpath(*a)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def switchdir(path):
+    curpath = Path.cwd()
+    os.chdir(path)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(curpath)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd5e47580a5417a6526b443c52d4ffcc3f01714e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+"""
+Discrete Fourier Transform (:mod:`numpy.fft`)
+=============================================
+
+.. currentmodule:: numpy.fft
+
+The SciPy module `scipy.fft` is a more comprehensive superset
+of ``numpy.fft``, which includes only a basic set of routines.
+
+Standard FFTs
+-------------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   fft       Discrete Fourier transform.
+   ifft      Inverse discrete Fourier transform.
+   fft2      Discrete Fourier transform in two dimensions.
+   ifft2     Inverse discrete Fourier transform in two dimensions.
+   fftn      Discrete Fourier transform in N-dimensions.
+   ifftn     Inverse discrete Fourier transform in N dimensions.
+
+Real FFTs
+---------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   rfft      Real discrete Fourier transform.
+   irfft     Inverse real discrete Fourier transform.
+   rfft2     Real discrete Fourier transform in two dimensions.
+   irfft2    Inverse real discrete Fourier transform in two dimensions.
+   rfftn     Real discrete Fourier transform in N dimensions.
+   irfftn    Inverse real discrete Fourier transform in N dimensions.
+
+Hermitian FFTs
+--------------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   hfft      Hermitian discrete Fourier transform.
+   ihfft     Inverse Hermitian discrete Fourier transform.
+
+Helper routines
+---------------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   fftfreq   Discrete Fourier Transform sample frequencies.
+   rfftfreq  DFT sample frequencies (for usage with rfft, irfft).
+   fftshift  Shift zero-frequency component to center of spectrum.
+   ifftshift Inverse of fftshift.
+
+
+Background information
+----------------------
+
+Fourier analysis is fundamentally a method for expressing a function as a
+sum of periodic components, and for recovering the function from those
+components.  When both the function and its Fourier transform are
+replaced with discretized counterparts, it is called the discrete Fourier
+transform (DFT).  The DFT has become a mainstay of numerical computing in
+part because of a very fast algorithm for computing it, called the Fast
+Fourier Transform (FFT), which was known to Gauss (1805) and was brought
+to light in its current form by Cooley and Tukey [CT]_.  Press et al. [NR]_
+provide an accessible introduction to Fourier analysis and its
+applications.
+
+Because the discrete Fourier transform separates its input into
+components that contribute at discrete frequencies, it has a great number
+of applications in digital signal processing, e.g., for filtering, and in
+this context the discretized input to the transform is customarily
+referred to as a *signal*, which exists in the *time domain*.  The output
+is called a *spectrum* or *transform* and exists in the *frequency
+domain*.
+
+Implementation details
+----------------------
+
+There are many ways to define the DFT, varying in the sign of the
+exponent, normalization, etc.  In this implementation, the DFT is defined
+as
+
+.. math::
+   A_k =  \\sum_{m=0}^{n-1} a_m \\exp\\left\\{-2\\pi i{mk \\over n}\\right\\}
+   \\qquad k = 0,\\ldots,n-1.
+
+The DFT is in general defined for complex inputs and outputs, and a
+single-frequency component at linear frequency :math:`f` is
+represented by a complex exponential
+:math:`a_m = \\exp\\{2\\pi i\\,f m\\Delta t\\}`, where :math:`\\Delta t`
+is the sampling interval.
+
+The values in the result follow so-called "standard" order: If ``A =
+fft(a, n)``, then ``A[0]`` contains the zero-frequency term (the sum of
+the signal), which is always purely real for real inputs. Then ``A[1:n/2]``
+contains the positive-frequency terms, and ``A[n/2+1:]`` contains the
+negative-frequency terms, in order of decreasingly negative frequency.
+For an even number of input points, ``A[n/2]`` represents both positive and
+negative Nyquist frequency, and is also purely real for real input.  For
+an odd number of input points, ``A[(n-1)/2]`` contains the largest positive
+frequency, while ``A[(n+1)/2]`` contains the largest negative frequency.
+The routine ``np.fft.fftfreq(n)`` returns an array giving the frequencies
+of corresponding elements in the output.  The routine
+``np.fft.fftshift(A)`` shifts transforms and their frequencies to put the
+zero-frequency components in the middle, and ``np.fft.ifftshift(A)`` undoes
+that shift.
+
+When the input `a` is a time-domain signal and ``A = fft(a)``, ``np.abs(A)``
+is its amplitude spectrum and ``np.abs(A)**2`` is its power spectrum.
+The phase spectrum is obtained by ``np.angle(A)``.
+
+The inverse DFT is defined as
+
+.. math::
+   a_m = \\frac{1}{n}\\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}A_k\\exp\\left\\{2\\pi i{mk\\over n}\\right\\}
+   \\qquad m = 0,\\ldots,n-1.
+
+It differs from the forward transform by the sign of the exponential
+argument and the default normalization by :math:`1/n`.
+
+Type Promotion
+--------------
+
+`numpy.fft` promotes ``float32`` and ``complex64`` arrays to ``float64`` and
+``complex128`` arrays respectively. For an FFT implementation that does not
+promote input arrays, see `scipy.fftpack`.
+
+Normalization
+-------------
+
+The argument ``norm`` indicates which direction of the pair of direct/inverse
+transforms is scaled and with what normalization factor.
+The default normalization (``"backward"``) has the direct (forward) transforms
+unscaled and the inverse (backward) transforms scaled by :math:`1/n`. It is
+possible to obtain unitary transforms by setting the keyword argument ``norm``
+to ``"ortho"`` so that both direct and inverse transforms are scaled by
+:math:`1/\\sqrt{n}`. Finally, setting the keyword argument ``norm`` to
+``"forward"`` has the direct transforms scaled by :math:`1/n` and the inverse
+transforms unscaled (i.e. exactly opposite to the default ``"backward"``).
+`None` is an alias of the default option ``"backward"`` for backward
+compatibility.
+
+Real and Hermitian transforms
+-----------------------------
+
+When the input is purely real, its transform is Hermitian, i.e., the
+component at frequency :math:`f_k` is the complex conjugate of the
+component at frequency :math:`-f_k`, which means that for real
+inputs there is no information in the negative frequency components that
+is not already available from the positive frequency components.
+The family of `rfft` functions is
+designed to operate on real inputs, and exploits this symmetry by
+computing only the positive frequency components, up to and including the
+Nyquist frequency.  Thus, ``n`` input points produce ``n/2+1`` complex
+output points.  The inverses of this family assumes the same symmetry of
+its input, and for an output of ``n`` points uses ``n/2+1`` input points.
+
+Correspondingly, when the spectrum is purely real, the signal is
+Hermitian.  The `hfft` family of functions exploits this symmetry by
+using ``n/2+1`` complex points in the input (time) domain for ``n`` real
+points in the frequency domain.
+
+In higher dimensions, FFTs are used, e.g., for image analysis and
+filtering.  The computational efficiency of the FFT means that it can
+also be a faster way to compute large convolutions, using the property
+that a convolution in the time domain is equivalent to a point-by-point
+multiplication in the frequency domain.
+
+Higher dimensions
+-----------------
+
+In two dimensions, the DFT is defined as
+
+.. math::
+   A_{kl} =  \\sum_{m=0}^{M-1} \\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}
+   a_{mn}\\exp\\left\\{-2\\pi i \\left({mk\\over M}+{nl\\over N}\\right)\\right\\}
+   \\qquad k = 0, \\ldots, M-1;\\quad l = 0, \\ldots, N-1,
+
+which extends in the obvious way to higher dimensions, and the inverses
+in higher dimensions also extend in the same way.
+
+References
+----------
+
+.. [CT] Cooley, James W., and John W. Tukey, 1965, "An algorithm for the
+        machine calculation of complex Fourier series," *Math. Comput.*
+        19: 297-301.
+
+.. [NR] Press, W., Teukolsky, S., Vetterline, W.T., and Flannery, B.P.,
+        2007, *Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing*, ch.
+        12-13.  Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+For examples, see the various functions.
+
+"""
+
+from . import _pocketfft, helper
+from ._pocketfft import *
+from .helper import *
+
+__all__ = _pocketfft.__all__.copy()
+__all__ += helper.__all__
+
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+test = PytestTester(__name__)
+del PytestTester
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/__init__.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/__init__.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5518aac16b00728d4b7449342618f4ba810224a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/__init__.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+
+from numpy.fft._pocketfft import (
+    fft as fft,
+    ifft as ifft,
+    rfft as rfft,
+    irfft as irfft,
+    hfft as hfft,
+    ihfft as ihfft,
+    rfftn as rfftn,
+    irfftn as irfftn,
+    rfft2 as rfft2,
+    irfft2 as irfft2,
+    fft2 as fft2,
+    ifft2 as ifft2,
+    fftn as fftn,
+    ifftn as ifftn,
+)
+
+from numpy.fft.helper import (
+    fftshift as fftshift,
+    ifftshift as ifftshift,
+    fftfreq as fftfreq,
+    rfftfreq as rfftfreq,
+)
+
+__all__: list[str]
+__path__: list[str]
+test: PytestTester
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/_pocketfft.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/_pocketfft.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2bd8b0ba34af4166679c3bb96df1c26f88263bfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/_pocketfft.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Literal as L
+
+from numpy import complex128, float64
+from numpy._typing import ArrayLike, NDArray, _ArrayLikeNumber_co
+
+_NormKind = L[None, "backward", "ortho", "forward"]
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+def fft(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    n: None | int = ...,
+    axis: int = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+
+def ifft(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    n: None | int = ...,
+    axis: int = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+
+def rfft(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    n: None | int = ...,
+    axis: int = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+
+def irfft(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    n: None | int = ...,
+    axis: int = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+
+# Input array must be compatible with `np.conjugate`
+def hfft(
+    a: _ArrayLikeNumber_co,
+    n: None | int = ...,
+    axis: int = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+
+def ihfft(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    n: None | int = ...,
+    axis: int = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+
+def fftn(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    s: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    axes: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+
+def ifftn(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    s: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    axes: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+
+def rfftn(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    s: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    axes: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+
+def irfftn(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    s: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    axes: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+
+def fft2(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    s: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    axes: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+
+def ifft2(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    s: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    axes: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+
+def rfft2(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    s: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    axes: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+
+def irfft2(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    s: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    axes: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    norm: _NormKind = ...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/helper.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/helper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..927ee1af1622c14c0d35bdc20660cfff77d6b6b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/fft/helper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+"""
+Discrete Fourier Transforms - helper.py
+
+"""
+from numpy.core import integer, empty, arange, asarray, roll
+from numpy.core.overrides import array_function_dispatch, set_module
+
+# Created by Pearu Peterson, September 2002
+
+__all__ = ['fftshift', 'ifftshift', 'fftfreq', 'rfftfreq']
+
+integer_types = (int, integer)
+
+
+def _fftshift_dispatcher(x, axes=None):
+    return (x,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_fftshift_dispatcher, module='numpy.fft')
+def fftshift(x, axes=None):
+    """
+    Shift the zero-frequency component to the center of the spectrum.
+
+    This function swaps half-spaces for all axes listed (defaults to all).
+    Note that ``y[0]`` is the Nyquist component only if ``len(x)`` is even.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input array.
+    axes : int or shape tuple, optional
+        Axes over which to shift.  Default is None, which shifts all axes.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : ndarray
+        The shifted array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    ifftshift : The inverse of `fftshift`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> freqs = np.fft.fftfreq(10, 0.1)
+    >>> freqs
+    array([ 0.,  1.,  2., ..., -3., -2., -1.])
+    >>> np.fft.fftshift(freqs)
+    array([-5., -4., -3., -2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.])
+
+    Shift the zero-frequency component only along the second axis:
+
+    >>> freqs = np.fft.fftfreq(9, d=1./9).reshape(3, 3)
+    >>> freqs
+    array([[ 0.,  1.,  2.],
+           [ 3.,  4., -4.],
+           [-3., -2., -1.]])
+    >>> np.fft.fftshift(freqs, axes=(1,))
+    array([[ 2.,  0.,  1.],
+           [-4.,  3.,  4.],
+           [-1., -3., -2.]])
+
+    """
+    x = asarray(x)
+    if axes is None:
+        axes = tuple(range(x.ndim))
+        shift = [dim // 2 for dim in x.shape]
+    elif isinstance(axes, integer_types):
+        shift = x.shape[axes] // 2
+    else:
+        shift = [x.shape[ax] // 2 for ax in axes]
+
+    return roll(x, shift, axes)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_fftshift_dispatcher, module='numpy.fft')
+def ifftshift(x, axes=None):
+    """
+    The inverse of `fftshift`. Although identical for even-length `x`, the
+    functions differ by one sample for odd-length `x`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input array.
+    axes : int or shape tuple, optional
+        Axes over which to calculate.  Defaults to None, which shifts all axes.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : ndarray
+        The shifted array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    fftshift : Shift zero-frequency component to the center of the spectrum.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> freqs = np.fft.fftfreq(9, d=1./9).reshape(3, 3)
+    >>> freqs
+    array([[ 0.,  1.,  2.],
+           [ 3.,  4., -4.],
+           [-3., -2., -1.]])
+    >>> np.fft.ifftshift(np.fft.fftshift(freqs))
+    array([[ 0.,  1.,  2.],
+           [ 3.,  4., -4.],
+           [-3., -2., -1.]])
+
+    """
+    x = asarray(x)
+    if axes is None:
+        axes = tuple(range(x.ndim))
+        shift = [-(dim // 2) for dim in x.shape]
+    elif isinstance(axes, integer_types):
+        shift = -(x.shape[axes] // 2)
+    else:
+        shift = [-(x.shape[ax] // 2) for ax in axes]
+
+    return roll(x, shift, axes)
+
+
+@set_module('numpy.fft')
+def fftfreq(n, d=1.0):
+    """
+    Return the Discrete Fourier Transform sample frequencies.
+
+    The returned float array `f` contains the frequency bin centers in cycles
+    per unit of the sample spacing (with zero at the start).  For instance, if
+    the sample spacing is in seconds, then the frequency unit is cycles/second.
+
+    Given a window length `n` and a sample spacing `d`::
+
+      f = [0, 1, ...,   n/2-1,     -n/2, ..., -1] / (d*n)   if n is even
+      f = [0, 1, ..., (n-1)/2, -(n-1)/2, ..., -1] / (d*n)   if n is odd
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    n : int
+        Window length.
+    d : scalar, optional
+        Sample spacing (inverse of the sampling rate). Defaults to 1.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    f : ndarray
+        Array of length `n` containing the sample frequencies.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> signal = np.array([-2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 0, 3, 5], dtype=float)
+    >>> fourier = np.fft.fft(signal)
+    >>> n = signal.size
+    >>> timestep = 0.1
+    >>> freq = np.fft.fftfreq(n, d=timestep)
+    >>> freq
+    array([ 0.  ,  1.25,  2.5 , ..., -3.75, -2.5 , -1.25])
+
+    """
+    if not isinstance(n, integer_types):
+        raise ValueError("n should be an integer")
+    val = 1.0 / (n * d)
+    results = empty(n, int)
+    N = (n-1)//2 + 1
+    p1 = arange(0, N, dtype=int)
+    results[:N] = p1
+    p2 = arange(-(n//2), 0, dtype=int)
+    results[N:] = p2
+    return results * val
+
+
+@set_module('numpy.fft')
+def rfftfreq(n, d=1.0):
+    """
+    Return the Discrete Fourier Transform sample frequencies
+    (for usage with rfft, irfft).
+
+    The returned float array `f` contains the frequency bin centers in cycles
+    per unit of the sample spacing (with zero at the start).  For instance, if
+    the sample spacing is in seconds, then the frequency unit is cycles/second.
+
+    Given a window length `n` and a sample spacing `d`::
+
+      f = [0, 1, ...,     n/2-1,     n/2] / (d*n)   if n is even
+      f = [0, 1, ..., (n-1)/2-1, (n-1)/2] / (d*n)   if n is odd
+
+    Unlike `fftfreq` (but like `scipy.fftpack.rfftfreq`)
+    the Nyquist frequency component is considered to be positive.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    n : int
+        Window length.
+    d : scalar, optional
+        Sample spacing (inverse of the sampling rate). Defaults to 1.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    f : ndarray
+        Array of length ``n//2 + 1`` containing the sample frequencies.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> signal = np.array([-2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 0, 3, 5, -3, 4], dtype=float)
+    >>> fourier = np.fft.rfft(signal)
+    >>> n = signal.size
+    >>> sample_rate = 100
+    >>> freq = np.fft.fftfreq(n, d=1./sample_rate)
+    >>> freq
+    array([  0.,  10.,  20., ..., -30., -20., -10.])
+    >>> freq = np.fft.rfftfreq(n, d=1./sample_rate)
+    >>> freq
+    array([  0.,  10.,  20.,  30.,  40.,  50.])
+
+    """
+    if not isinstance(n, integer_types):
+        raise ValueError("n should be an integer")
+    val = 1.0/(n*d)
+    N = n//2 + 1
+    results = arange(0, N, dtype=int)
+    return results * val
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cbab200e0918e7c2668a662435c873eb9cd37724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""
+**Note:** almost all functions in the ``numpy.lib`` namespace
+are also present in the main ``numpy`` namespace.  Please use the
+functions as ``np.`` where possible.
+
+``numpy.lib`` is mostly a space for implementing functions that don't
+belong in core or in another NumPy submodule with a clear purpose
+(e.g. ``random``, ``fft``, ``linalg``, ``ma``).
+
+Most contains basic functions that are used by several submodules and are
+useful to have in the main name-space.
+
+"""
+
+# Public submodules
+# Note: recfunctions and (maybe) format are public too, but not imported
+from . import mixins
+from . import scimath as emath
+
+# Private submodules
+# load module names. See https://github.com/networkx/networkx/issues/5838
+from . import type_check
+from . import index_tricks
+from . import function_base
+from . import nanfunctions
+from . import shape_base
+from . import stride_tricks
+from . import twodim_base
+from . import ufunclike
+from . import histograms
+from . import polynomial
+from . import utils
+from . import arraysetops
+from . import npyio
+from . import arrayterator
+from . import arraypad
+from . import _version
+
+from .type_check import *
+from .index_tricks import *
+from .function_base import *
+from .nanfunctions import *
+from .shape_base import *
+from .stride_tricks import *
+from .twodim_base import *
+from .ufunclike import *
+from .histograms import *
+
+from .polynomial import *
+from .utils import *
+from .arraysetops import *
+from .npyio import *
+from .arrayterator import Arrayterator
+from .arraypad import *
+from ._version import *
+from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import tracemalloc_domain
+
+__all__ = ['emath', 'tracemalloc_domain', 'Arrayterator']
+__all__ += type_check.__all__
+__all__ += index_tricks.__all__
+__all__ += function_base.__all__
+__all__ += shape_base.__all__
+__all__ += stride_tricks.__all__
+__all__ += twodim_base.__all__
+__all__ += ufunclike.__all__
+__all__ += arraypad.__all__
+__all__ += polynomial.__all__
+__all__ += utils.__all__
+__all__ += arraysetops.__all__
+__all__ += npyio.__all__
+__all__ += nanfunctions.__all__
+__all__ += histograms.__all__
+
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+test = PytestTester(__name__)
+del PytestTester
+
+def __getattr__(attr):
+    # Warn for reprecated attributes
+    import math
+    import warnings
+
+    if attr == 'math':
+        warnings.warn(
+            "`np.lib.math` is a deprecated alias for the standard library "
+            "`math` module (Deprecated Numpy 1.25). Replace usages of "
+            "`numpy.lib.math` with `math`", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        return math
+    else:
+        raise AttributeError("module {!r} has no attribute "
+                             "{!r}".format(__name__, attr))
+        
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/__init__.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/__init__.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d3553bbcca7ba16703f7229c051aadfbe3a34b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/__init__.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+import math as math
+from typing import Any
+
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+
+from numpy import (
+    ndenumerate as ndenumerate,
+    ndindex as ndindex,
+)
+
+from numpy.version import version
+
+from numpy.lib import (
+    format as format,
+    mixins as mixins,
+    scimath as scimath,
+    stride_tricks as stride_tricks,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib._version import (
+    NumpyVersion as NumpyVersion,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.arraypad import (
+    pad as pad,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.arraysetops import (
+    ediff1d as ediff1d,
+    intersect1d as intersect1d,
+    setxor1d as setxor1d,
+    union1d as union1d,
+    setdiff1d as setdiff1d,
+    unique as unique,
+    in1d as in1d,
+    isin as isin,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.arrayterator import (
+    Arrayterator as Arrayterator,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.function_base import (
+    select as select,
+    piecewise as piecewise,
+    trim_zeros as trim_zeros,
+    copy as copy,
+    iterable as iterable,
+    percentile as percentile,
+    diff as diff,
+    gradient as gradient,
+    angle as angle,
+    unwrap as unwrap,
+    sort_complex as sort_complex,
+    disp as disp,
+    flip as flip,
+    rot90 as rot90,
+    extract as extract,
+    place as place,
+    vectorize as vectorize,
+    asarray_chkfinite as asarray_chkfinite,
+    average as average,
+    bincount as bincount,
+    digitize as digitize,
+    cov as cov,
+    corrcoef as corrcoef,
+    median as median,
+    sinc as sinc,
+    hamming as hamming,
+    hanning as hanning,
+    bartlett as bartlett,
+    blackman as blackman,
+    kaiser as kaiser,
+    trapz as trapz,
+    i0 as i0,
+    add_newdoc as add_newdoc,
+    add_docstring as add_docstring,
+    meshgrid as meshgrid,
+    delete as delete,
+    insert as insert,
+    append as append,
+    interp as interp,
+    add_newdoc_ufunc as add_newdoc_ufunc,
+    quantile as quantile,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.histograms import (
+    histogram_bin_edges as histogram_bin_edges,
+    histogram as histogram,
+    histogramdd as histogramdd,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.index_tricks import (
+    ravel_multi_index as ravel_multi_index,
+    unravel_index as unravel_index,
+    mgrid as mgrid,
+    ogrid as ogrid,
+    r_ as r_,
+    c_ as c_,
+    s_ as s_,
+    index_exp as index_exp,
+    ix_ as ix_,
+    fill_diagonal as fill_diagonal,
+    diag_indices as diag_indices,
+    diag_indices_from as diag_indices_from,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.nanfunctions import (
+    nansum as nansum,
+    nanmax as nanmax,
+    nanmin as nanmin,
+    nanargmax as nanargmax,
+    nanargmin as nanargmin,
+    nanmean as nanmean,
+    nanmedian as nanmedian,
+    nanpercentile as nanpercentile,
+    nanvar as nanvar,
+    nanstd as nanstd,
+    nanprod as nanprod,
+    nancumsum as nancumsum,
+    nancumprod as nancumprod,
+    nanquantile as nanquantile,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.npyio import (
+    savetxt as savetxt,
+    loadtxt as loadtxt,
+    genfromtxt as genfromtxt,
+    recfromtxt as recfromtxt,
+    recfromcsv as recfromcsv,
+    load as load,
+    save as save,
+    savez as savez,
+    savez_compressed as savez_compressed,
+    packbits as packbits,
+    unpackbits as unpackbits,
+    fromregex as fromregex,
+    DataSource as DataSource,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.polynomial import (
+    poly as poly,
+    roots as roots,
+    polyint as polyint,
+    polyder as polyder,
+    polyadd as polyadd,
+    polysub as polysub,
+    polymul as polymul,
+    polydiv as polydiv,
+    polyval as polyval,
+    polyfit as polyfit,
+    RankWarning as RankWarning,
+    poly1d as poly1d,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.shape_base import (
+    column_stack as column_stack,
+    row_stack as row_stack,
+    dstack as dstack,
+    array_split as array_split,
+    split as split,
+    hsplit as hsplit,
+    vsplit as vsplit,
+    dsplit as dsplit,
+    apply_over_axes as apply_over_axes,
+    expand_dims as expand_dims,
+    apply_along_axis as apply_along_axis,
+    kron as kron,
+    tile as tile,
+    get_array_wrap as get_array_wrap,
+    take_along_axis as take_along_axis,
+    put_along_axis as put_along_axis,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.stride_tricks import (
+    broadcast_to as broadcast_to,
+    broadcast_arrays as broadcast_arrays,
+    broadcast_shapes as broadcast_shapes,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.twodim_base import (
+    diag as diag,
+    diagflat as diagflat,
+    eye as eye,
+    fliplr as fliplr,
+    flipud as flipud,
+    tri as tri,
+    triu as triu,
+    tril as tril,
+    vander as vander,
+    histogram2d as histogram2d,
+    mask_indices as mask_indices,
+    tril_indices as tril_indices,
+    tril_indices_from as tril_indices_from,
+    triu_indices as triu_indices,
+    triu_indices_from as triu_indices_from,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.type_check import (
+    mintypecode as mintypecode,
+    asfarray as asfarray,
+    real as real,
+    imag as imag,
+    iscomplex as iscomplex,
+    isreal as isreal,
+    iscomplexobj as iscomplexobj,
+    isrealobj as isrealobj,
+    nan_to_num as nan_to_num,
+    real_if_close as real_if_close,
+    typename as typename,
+    common_type as common_type,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.ufunclike import (
+    fix as fix,
+    isposinf as isposinf,
+    isneginf as isneginf,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.utils import (
+    issubclass_ as issubclass_,
+    issubsctype as issubsctype,
+    issubdtype as issubdtype,
+    deprecate as deprecate,
+    deprecate_with_doc as deprecate_with_doc,
+    get_include as get_include,
+    info as info,
+    source as source,
+    who as who,
+    lookfor as lookfor,
+    byte_bounds as byte_bounds,
+    safe_eval as safe_eval,
+    show_runtime as show_runtime,
+)
+
+from numpy.core.multiarray import (
+    tracemalloc_domain as tracemalloc_domain,
+)
+
+__all__: list[str]
+__path__: list[str]
+test: PytestTester
+
+__version__ = version
+emath = scimath
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/_datasource.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/_datasource.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..613733fa51675360caf33fd97b0b038c6fb6dfa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/_datasource.py
@@ -0,0 +1,704 @@
+"""A file interface for handling local and remote data files.
+
+The goal of datasource is to abstract some of the file system operations
+when dealing with data files so the researcher doesn't have to know all the
+low-level details.  Through datasource, a researcher can obtain and use a
+file with one function call, regardless of location of the file.
+
+DataSource is meant to augment standard python libraries, not replace them.
+It should work seamlessly with standard file IO operations and the os
+module.
+
+DataSource files can originate locally or remotely:
+
+- local files : '/home/guido/src/local/data.txt'
+- URLs (http, ftp, ...) : 'http://www.scipy.org/not/real/data.txt'
+
+DataSource files can also be compressed or uncompressed.  Currently only
+gzip, bz2 and xz are supported.
+
+Example::
+
+    >>> # Create a DataSource, use os.curdir (default) for local storage.
+    >>> from numpy import DataSource
+    >>> ds = DataSource()
+    >>>
+    >>> # Open a remote file.
+    >>> # DataSource downloads the file, stores it locally in:
+    >>> #     './www.google.com/index.html'
+    >>> # opens the file and returns a file object.
+    >>> fp = ds.open('http://www.google.com/') # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>>
+    >>> # Use the file as you normally would
+    >>> fp.read() # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> fp.close() # doctest: +SKIP
+
+"""
+import os
+import io
+
+from .._utils import set_module
+
+
+_open = open
+
+
+def _check_mode(mode, encoding, newline):
+    """Check mode and that encoding and newline are compatible.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mode : str
+        File open mode.
+    encoding : str
+        File encoding.
+    newline : str
+        Newline for text files.
+
+    """
+    if "t" in mode:
+        if "b" in mode:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid mode: %r" % (mode,))
+    else:
+        if encoding is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Argument 'encoding' not supported in binary mode")
+        if newline is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Argument 'newline' not supported in binary mode")
+
+
+# Using a class instead of a module-level dictionary
+# to reduce the initial 'import numpy' overhead by
+# deferring the import of lzma, bz2 and gzip until needed
+
+# TODO: .zip support, .tar support?
+class _FileOpeners:
+    """
+    Container for different methods to open (un-)compressed files.
+
+    `_FileOpeners` contains a dictionary that holds one method for each
+    supported file format. Attribute lookup is implemented in such a way
+    that an instance of `_FileOpeners` itself can be indexed with the keys
+    of that dictionary. Currently uncompressed files as well as files
+    compressed with ``gzip``, ``bz2`` or ``xz`` compression are supported.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    `_file_openers`, an instance of `_FileOpeners`, is made available for
+    use in the `_datasource` module.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import gzip
+    >>> np.lib._datasource._file_openers.keys()
+    [None, '.bz2', '.gz', '.xz', '.lzma']
+    >>> np.lib._datasource._file_openers['.gz'] is gzip.open
+    True
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._loaded = False
+        self._file_openers = {None: io.open}
+
+    def _load(self):
+        if self._loaded:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            import bz2
+            self._file_openers[".bz2"] = bz2.open
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            import gzip
+            self._file_openers[".gz"] = gzip.open
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            import lzma
+            self._file_openers[".xz"] = lzma.open
+            self._file_openers[".lzma"] = lzma.open
+        except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+            # There are incompatible backports of lzma that do not have the
+            # lzma.open attribute, so catch that as well as ImportError.
+            pass
+
+        self._loaded = True
+
+    def keys(self):
+        """
+        Return the keys of currently supported file openers.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        keys : list
+            The keys are None for uncompressed files and the file extension
+            strings (i.e. ``'.gz'``, ``'.xz'``) for supported compression
+            methods.
+
+        """
+        self._load()
+        return list(self._file_openers.keys())
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        self._load()
+        return self._file_openers[key]
+
+_file_openers = _FileOpeners()
+
+def open(path, mode='r', destpath=os.curdir, encoding=None, newline=None):
+    """
+    Open `path` with `mode` and return the file object.
+
+    If ``path`` is an URL, it will be downloaded, stored in the
+    `DataSource` `destpath` directory and opened from there.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    path : str
+        Local file path or URL to open.
+    mode : str, optional
+        Mode to open `path`. Mode 'r' for reading, 'w' for writing, 'a' to
+        append. Available modes depend on the type of object specified by
+        path.  Default is 'r'.
+    destpath : str, optional
+        Path to the directory where the source file gets downloaded to for
+        use.  If `destpath` is None, a temporary directory will be created.
+        The default path is the current directory.
+    encoding : {None, str}, optional
+        Open text file with given encoding. The default encoding will be
+        what `io.open` uses.
+    newline : {None, str}, optional
+        Newline to use when reading text file.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : file object
+        The opened file.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This is a convenience function that instantiates a `DataSource` and
+    returns the file object from ``DataSource.open(path)``.
+
+    """
+
+    ds = DataSource(destpath)
+    return ds.open(path, mode, encoding=encoding, newline=newline)
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+class DataSource:
+    """
+    DataSource(destpath='.')
+
+    A generic data source file (file, http, ftp, ...).
+
+    DataSources can be local files or remote files/URLs.  The files may
+    also be compressed or uncompressed. DataSource hides some of the
+    low-level details of downloading the file, allowing you to simply pass
+    in a valid file path (or URL) and obtain a file object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    destpath : str or None, optional
+        Path to the directory where the source file gets downloaded to for
+        use.  If `destpath` is None, a temporary directory will be created.
+        The default path is the current directory.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    URLs require a scheme string (``http://``) to be used, without it they
+    will fail::
+
+        >>> repos = np.DataSource()
+        >>> repos.exists('www.google.com/index.html')
+        False
+        >>> repos.exists('http://www.google.com/index.html')
+        True
+
+    Temporary directories are deleted when the DataSource is deleted.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    ::
+
+        >>> ds = np.DataSource('/home/guido')
+        >>> urlname = 'http://www.google.com/'
+        >>> gfile = ds.open('http://www.google.com/')
+        >>> ds.abspath(urlname)
+        '/home/guido/www.google.com/index.html'
+
+        >>> ds = np.DataSource(None)  # use with temporary file
+        >>> ds.open('/home/guido/foobar.txt')
+        
+        >>> ds.abspath('/home/guido/foobar.txt')
+        '/tmp/.../home/guido/foobar.txt'
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, destpath=os.curdir):
+        """Create a DataSource with a local path at destpath."""
+        if destpath:
+            self._destpath = os.path.abspath(destpath)
+            self._istmpdest = False
+        else:
+            import tempfile  # deferring import to improve startup time
+            self._destpath = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+            self._istmpdest = True
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        # Remove temp directories
+        if hasattr(self, '_istmpdest') and self._istmpdest:
+            import shutil
+
+            shutil.rmtree(self._destpath)
+
+    def _iszip(self, filename):
+        """Test if the filename is a zip file by looking at the file extension.
+
+        """
+        fname, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
+        return ext in _file_openers.keys()
+
+    def _iswritemode(self, mode):
+        """Test if the given mode will open a file for writing."""
+
+        # Currently only used to test the bz2 files.
+        _writemodes = ("w", "+")
+        for c in mode:
+            if c in _writemodes:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def _splitzipext(self, filename):
+        """Split zip extension from filename and return filename.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        base, zip_ext : {tuple}
+
+        """
+
+        if self._iszip(filename):
+            return os.path.splitext(filename)
+        else:
+            return filename, None
+
+    def _possible_names(self, filename):
+        """Return a tuple containing compressed filename variations."""
+        names = [filename]
+        if not self._iszip(filename):
+            for zipext in _file_openers.keys():
+                if zipext:
+                    names.append(filename+zipext)
+        return names
+
+    def _isurl(self, path):
+        """Test if path is a net location.  Tests the scheme and netloc."""
+
+        # We do this here to reduce the 'import numpy' initial import time.
+        from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+        # BUG : URLs require a scheme string ('http://') to be used.
+        #       www.google.com will fail.
+        #       Should we prepend the scheme for those that don't have it and
+        #       test that also?  Similar to the way we append .gz and test for
+        #       for compressed versions of files.
+
+        scheme, netloc, upath, uparams, uquery, ufrag = urlparse(path)
+        return bool(scheme and netloc)
+
+    def _cache(self, path):
+        """Cache the file specified by path.
+
+        Creates a copy of the file in the datasource cache.
+
+        """
+        # We import these here because importing them is slow and
+        # a significant fraction of numpy's total import time.
+        import shutil
+        from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+        upath = self.abspath(path)
+
+        # ensure directory exists
+        if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(upath)):
+            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(upath))
+
+        # TODO: Doesn't handle compressed files!
+        if self._isurl(path):
+            with urlopen(path) as openedurl:
+                with _open(upath, 'wb') as f:
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(openedurl, f)
+        else:
+            shutil.copyfile(path, upath)
+        return upath
+
+    def _findfile(self, path):
+        """Searches for ``path`` and returns full path if found.
+
+        If path is an URL, _findfile will cache a local copy and return the
+        path to the cached file.  If path is a local file, _findfile will
+        return a path to that local file.
+
+        The search will include possible compressed versions of the file
+        and return the first occurrence found.
+
+        """
+
+        # Build list of possible local file paths
+        if not self._isurl(path):
+            # Valid local paths
+            filelist = self._possible_names(path)
+            # Paths in self._destpath
+            filelist += self._possible_names(self.abspath(path))
+        else:
+            # Cached URLs in self._destpath
+            filelist = self._possible_names(self.abspath(path))
+            # Remote URLs
+            filelist = filelist + self._possible_names(path)
+
+        for name in filelist:
+            if self.exists(name):
+                if self._isurl(name):
+                    name = self._cache(name)
+                return name
+        return None
+
+    def abspath(self, path):
+        """
+        Return absolute path of file in the DataSource directory.
+
+        If `path` is an URL, then `abspath` will return either the location
+        the file exists locally or the location it would exist when opened
+        using the `open` method.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+            Can be a local file or a remote URL.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        out : str
+            Complete path, including the `DataSource` destination directory.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The functionality is based on `os.path.abspath`.
+
+        """
+        # We do this here to reduce the 'import numpy' initial import time.
+        from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+        # TODO:  This should be more robust.  Handles case where path includes
+        #        the destpath, but not other sub-paths. Failing case:
+        #        path = /home/guido/datafile.txt
+        #        destpath = /home/alex/
+        #        upath = self.abspath(path)
+        #        upath == '/home/alex/home/guido/datafile.txt'
+
+        # handle case where path includes self._destpath
+        splitpath = path.split(self._destpath, 2)
+        if len(splitpath) > 1:
+            path = splitpath[1]
+        scheme, netloc, upath, uparams, uquery, ufrag = urlparse(path)
+        netloc = self._sanitize_relative_path(netloc)
+        upath = self._sanitize_relative_path(upath)
+        return os.path.join(self._destpath, netloc, upath)
+
+    def _sanitize_relative_path(self, path):
+        """Return a sanitised relative path for which
+        os.path.abspath(os.path.join(base, path)).startswith(base)
+        """
+        last = None
+        path = os.path.normpath(path)
+        while path != last:
+            last = path
+            # Note: os.path.join treats '/' as os.sep on Windows
+            path = path.lstrip(os.sep).lstrip('/')
+            path = path.lstrip(os.pardir).lstrip('..')
+            drive, path = os.path.splitdrive(path)  # for Windows
+        return path
+
+    def exists(self, path):
+        """
+        Test if path exists.
+
+        Test if `path` exists as (and in this order):
+
+        - a local file.
+        - a remote URL that has been downloaded and stored locally in the
+          `DataSource` directory.
+        - a remote URL that has not been downloaded, but is valid and
+          accessible.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+            Can be a local file or a remote URL.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        out : bool
+            True if `path` exists.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        When `path` is an URL, `exists` will return True if it's either
+        stored locally in the `DataSource` directory, or is a valid remote
+        URL.  `DataSource` does not discriminate between the two, the file
+        is accessible if it exists in either location.
+
+        """
+
+        # First test for local path
+        if os.path.exists(path):
+            return True
+
+        # We import this here because importing urllib is slow and
+        # a significant fraction of numpy's total import time.
+        from urllib.request import urlopen
+        from urllib.error import URLError
+
+        # Test cached url
+        upath = self.abspath(path)
+        if os.path.exists(upath):
+            return True
+
+        # Test remote url
+        if self._isurl(path):
+            try:
+                netfile = urlopen(path)
+                netfile.close()
+                del(netfile)
+                return True
+            except URLError:
+                return False
+        return False
+
+    def open(self, path, mode='r', encoding=None, newline=None):
+        """
+        Open and return file-like object.
+
+        If `path` is an URL, it will be downloaded, stored in the
+        `DataSource` directory and opened from there.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+            Local file path or URL to open.
+        mode : {'r', 'w', 'a'}, optional
+            Mode to open `path`.  Mode 'r' for reading, 'w' for writing,
+            'a' to append. Available modes depend on the type of object
+            specified by `path`. Default is 'r'.
+        encoding : {None, str}, optional
+            Open text file with given encoding. The default encoding will be
+            what `io.open` uses.
+        newline : {None, str}, optional
+            Newline to use when reading text file.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        out : file object
+            File object.
+
+        """
+
+        # TODO: There is no support for opening a file for writing which
+        #       doesn't exist yet (creating a file).  Should there be?
+
+        # TODO: Add a ``subdir`` parameter for specifying the subdirectory
+        #       used to store URLs in self._destpath.
+
+        if self._isurl(path) and self._iswritemode(mode):
+            raise ValueError("URLs are not writeable")
+
+        # NOTE: _findfile will fail on a new file opened for writing.
+        found = self._findfile(path)
+        if found:
+            _fname, ext = self._splitzipext(found)
+            if ext == 'bz2':
+                mode.replace("+", "")
+            return _file_openers[ext](found, mode=mode,
+                                      encoding=encoding, newline=newline)
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"{path} not found.")
+
+
+class Repository (DataSource):
+    """
+    Repository(baseurl, destpath='.')
+
+    A data repository where multiple DataSource's share a base
+    URL/directory.
+
+    `Repository` extends `DataSource` by prepending a base URL (or
+    directory) to all the files it handles. Use `Repository` when you will
+    be working with multiple files from one base URL.  Initialize
+    `Repository` with the base URL, then refer to each file by its filename
+    only.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    baseurl : str
+        Path to the local directory or remote location that contains the
+        data files.
+    destpath : str or None, optional
+        Path to the directory where the source file gets downloaded to for
+        use.  If `destpath` is None, a temporary directory will be created.
+        The default path is the current directory.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    To analyze all files in the repository, do something like this
+    (note: this is not self-contained code)::
+
+        >>> repos = np.lib._datasource.Repository('/home/user/data/dir/')
+        >>> for filename in filelist:
+        ...     fp = repos.open(filename)
+        ...     fp.analyze()
+        ...     fp.close()
+
+    Similarly you could use a URL for a repository::
+
+        >>> repos = np.lib._datasource.Repository('http://www.xyz.edu/data')
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, baseurl, destpath=os.curdir):
+        """Create a Repository with a shared url or directory of baseurl."""
+        DataSource.__init__(self, destpath=destpath)
+        self._baseurl = baseurl
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        DataSource.__del__(self)
+
+    def _fullpath(self, path):
+        """Return complete path for path.  Prepends baseurl if necessary."""
+        splitpath = path.split(self._baseurl, 2)
+        if len(splitpath) == 1:
+            result = os.path.join(self._baseurl, path)
+        else:
+            result = path    # path contains baseurl already
+        return result
+
+    def _findfile(self, path):
+        """Extend DataSource method to prepend baseurl to ``path``."""
+        return DataSource._findfile(self, self._fullpath(path))
+
+    def abspath(self, path):
+        """
+        Return absolute path of file in the Repository directory.
+
+        If `path` is an URL, then `abspath` will return either the location
+        the file exists locally or the location it would exist when opened
+        using the `open` method.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+            Can be a local file or a remote URL. This may, but does not
+            have to, include the `baseurl` with which the `Repository` was
+            initialized.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        out : str
+            Complete path, including the `DataSource` destination directory.
+
+        """
+        return DataSource.abspath(self, self._fullpath(path))
+
+    def exists(self, path):
+        """
+        Test if path exists prepending Repository base URL to path.
+
+        Test if `path` exists as (and in this order):
+
+        - a local file.
+        - a remote URL that has been downloaded and stored locally in the
+          `DataSource` directory.
+        - a remote URL that has not been downloaded, but is valid and
+          accessible.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+            Can be a local file or a remote URL. This may, but does not
+            have to, include the `baseurl` with which the `Repository` was
+            initialized.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        out : bool
+            True if `path` exists.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        When `path` is an URL, `exists` will return True if it's either
+        stored locally in the `DataSource` directory, or is a valid remote
+        URL.  `DataSource` does not discriminate between the two, the file
+        is accessible if it exists in either location.
+
+        """
+        return DataSource.exists(self, self._fullpath(path))
+
+    def open(self, path, mode='r', encoding=None, newline=None):
+        """
+        Open and return file-like object prepending Repository base URL.
+
+        If `path` is an URL, it will be downloaded, stored in the
+        DataSource directory and opened from there.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+            Local file path or URL to open. This may, but does not have to,
+            include the `baseurl` with which the `Repository` was
+            initialized.
+        mode : {'r', 'w', 'a'}, optional
+            Mode to open `path`.  Mode 'r' for reading, 'w' for writing,
+            'a' to append. Available modes depend on the type of object
+            specified by `path`. Default is 'r'.
+        encoding : {None, str}, optional
+            Open text file with given encoding. The default encoding will be
+            what `io.open` uses.
+        newline : {None, str}, optional
+            Newline to use when reading text file.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        out : file object
+            File object.
+
+        """
+        return DataSource.open(self, self._fullpath(path), mode,
+                               encoding=encoding, newline=newline)
+
+    def listdir(self):
+        """
+        List files in the source Repository.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        files : list of str
+            List of file names (not containing a directory part).
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Does not currently work for remote repositories.
+
+        """
+        if self._isurl(self._baseurl):
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                  "Directory listing of URLs, not supported yet.")
+        else:
+            return os.listdir(self._baseurl)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/_iotools.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/_iotools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..534d1b3eea636d4f68151531945ea9132d304872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/_iotools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,897 @@
+"""A collection of functions designed to help I/O with ascii files.
+
+"""
+__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.core.numeric as nx
+from numpy.compat import asbytes, asunicode
+
+
+def _decode_line(line, encoding=None):
+    """Decode bytes from binary input streams.
+
+    Defaults to decoding from 'latin1'. That differs from the behavior of
+    np.compat.asunicode that decodes from 'ascii'.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    line : str or bytes
+         Line to be decoded.
+    encoding : str
+         Encoding used to decode `line`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    decoded_line : str
+
+    """
+    if type(line) is bytes:
+        if encoding is None:
+            encoding = "latin1"
+        line = line.decode(encoding)
+
+    return line
+
+
+def _is_string_like(obj):
+    """
+    Check whether obj behaves like a string.
+    """
+    try:
+        obj + ''
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _is_bytes_like(obj):
+    """
+    Check whether obj behaves like a bytes object.
+    """
+    try:
+        obj + b''
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def has_nested_fields(ndtype):
+    """
+    Returns whether one or several fields of a dtype are nested.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ndtype : dtype
+        Data-type of a structured array.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    AttributeError
+        If `ndtype` does not have a `names` attribute.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> dt = np.dtype([('name', 'S4'), ('x', float), ('y', float)])
+    >>> np.lib._iotools.has_nested_fields(dt)
+    False
+
+    """
+    for name in ndtype.names or ():
+        if ndtype[name].names is not None:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def flatten_dtype(ndtype, flatten_base=False):
+    """
+    Unpack a structured data-type by collapsing nested fields and/or fields
+    with a shape.
+
+    Note that the field names are lost.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ndtype : dtype
+        The datatype to collapse
+    flatten_base : bool, optional
+       If True, transform a field with a shape into several fields. Default is
+       False.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> dt = np.dtype([('name', 'S4'), ('x', float), ('y', float),
+    ...                ('block', int, (2, 3))])
+    >>> np.lib._iotools.flatten_dtype(dt)
+    [dtype('S4'), dtype('float64'), dtype('float64'), dtype('int64')]
+    >>> np.lib._iotools.flatten_dtype(dt, flatten_base=True)
+    [dtype('S4'),
+     dtype('float64'),
+     dtype('float64'),
+     dtype('int64'),
+     dtype('int64'),
+     dtype('int64'),
+     dtype('int64'),
+     dtype('int64'),
+     dtype('int64')]
+
+    """
+    names = ndtype.names
+    if names is None:
+        if flatten_base:
+            return [ndtype.base] * int(np.prod(ndtype.shape))
+        return [ndtype.base]
+    else:
+        types = []
+        for field in names:
+            info = ndtype.fields[field]
+            flat_dt = flatten_dtype(info[0], flatten_base)
+            types.extend(flat_dt)
+        return types
+
+
+class LineSplitter:
+    """
+    Object to split a string at a given delimiter or at given places.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    delimiter : str, int, or sequence of ints, optional
+        If a string, character used to delimit consecutive fields.
+        If an integer or a sequence of integers, width(s) of each field.
+    comments : str, optional
+        Character used to mark the beginning of a comment. Default is '#'.
+    autostrip : bool, optional
+        Whether to strip each individual field. Default is True.
+
+    """
+
+    def autostrip(self, method):
+        """
+        Wrapper to strip each member of the output of `method`.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        method : function
+            Function that takes a single argument and returns a sequence of
+            strings.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        wrapped : function
+            The result of wrapping `method`. `wrapped` takes a single input
+            argument and returns a list of strings that are stripped of
+            white-space.
+
+        """
+        return lambda input: [_.strip() for _ in method(input)]
+
+    def __init__(self, delimiter=None, comments='#', autostrip=True,
+                 encoding=None):
+        delimiter = _decode_line(delimiter)
+        comments = _decode_line(comments)
+
+        self.comments = comments
+
+        # Delimiter is a character
+        if (delimiter is None) or isinstance(delimiter, str):
+            delimiter = delimiter or None
+            _handyman = self._delimited_splitter
+        # Delimiter is a list of field widths
+        elif hasattr(delimiter, '__iter__'):
+            _handyman = self._variablewidth_splitter
+            idx = np.cumsum([0] + list(delimiter))
+            delimiter = [slice(i, j) for (i, j) in zip(idx[:-1], idx[1:])]
+        # Delimiter is a single integer
+        elif int(delimiter):
+            (_handyman, delimiter) = (
+                    self._fixedwidth_splitter, int(delimiter))
+        else:
+            (_handyman, delimiter) = (self._delimited_splitter, None)
+        self.delimiter = delimiter
+        if autostrip:
+            self._handyman = self.autostrip(_handyman)
+        else:
+            self._handyman = _handyman
+        self.encoding = encoding
+
+    def _delimited_splitter(self, line):
+        """Chop off comments, strip, and split at delimiter. """
+        if self.comments is not None:
+            line = line.split(self.comments)[0]
+        line = line.strip(" \r\n")
+        if not line:
+            return []
+        return line.split(self.delimiter)
+
+    def _fixedwidth_splitter(self, line):
+        if self.comments is not None:
+            line = line.split(self.comments)[0]
+        line = line.strip("\r\n")
+        if not line:
+            return []
+        fixed = self.delimiter
+        slices = [slice(i, i + fixed) for i in range(0, len(line), fixed)]
+        return [line[s] for s in slices]
+
+    def _variablewidth_splitter(self, line):
+        if self.comments is not None:
+            line = line.split(self.comments)[0]
+        if not line:
+            return []
+        slices = self.delimiter
+        return [line[s] for s in slices]
+
+    def __call__(self, line):
+        return self._handyman(_decode_line(line, self.encoding))
+
+
+class NameValidator:
+    """
+    Object to validate a list of strings to use as field names.
+
+    The strings are stripped of any non alphanumeric character, and spaces
+    are replaced by '_'. During instantiation, the user can define a list
+    of names to exclude, as well as a list of invalid characters. Names in
+    the exclusion list are appended a '_' character.
+
+    Once an instance has been created, it can be called with a list of
+    names, and a list of valid names will be created.  The `__call__`
+    method accepts an optional keyword "default" that sets the default name
+    in case of ambiguity. By default this is 'f', so that names will
+    default to `f0`, `f1`, etc.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    excludelist : sequence, optional
+        A list of names to exclude. This list is appended to the default
+        list ['return', 'file', 'print']. Excluded names are appended an
+        underscore: for example, `file` becomes `file_` if supplied.
+    deletechars : str, optional
+        A string combining invalid characters that must be deleted from the
+        names.
+    case_sensitive : {True, False, 'upper', 'lower'}, optional
+        * If True, field names are case-sensitive.
+        * If False or 'upper', field names are converted to upper case.
+        * If 'lower', field names are converted to lower case.
+
+        The default value is True.
+    replace_space : '_', optional
+        Character(s) used in replacement of white spaces.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Calling an instance of `NameValidator` is the same as calling its
+    method `validate`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> validator = np.lib._iotools.NameValidator()
+    >>> validator(['file', 'field2', 'with space', 'CaSe'])
+    ('file_', 'field2', 'with_space', 'CaSe')
+
+    >>> validator = np.lib._iotools.NameValidator(excludelist=['excl'],
+    ...                                           deletechars='q',
+    ...                                           case_sensitive=False)
+    >>> validator(['excl', 'field2', 'no_q', 'with space', 'CaSe'])
+    ('EXCL', 'FIELD2', 'NO_Q', 'WITH_SPACE', 'CASE')
+
+    """
+
+    defaultexcludelist = ['return', 'file', 'print']
+    defaultdeletechars = set(r"""~!@#$%^&*()-=+~\|]}[{';: /?.>,<""")
+
+    def __init__(self, excludelist=None, deletechars=None,
+                 case_sensitive=None, replace_space='_'):
+        # Process the exclusion list ..
+        if excludelist is None:
+            excludelist = []
+        excludelist.extend(self.defaultexcludelist)
+        self.excludelist = excludelist
+        # Process the list of characters to delete
+        if deletechars is None:
+            delete = self.defaultdeletechars
+        else:
+            delete = set(deletechars)
+        delete.add('"')
+        self.deletechars = delete
+        # Process the case option .....
+        if (case_sensitive is None) or (case_sensitive is True):
+            self.case_converter = lambda x: x
+        elif (case_sensitive is False) or case_sensitive.startswith('u'):
+            self.case_converter = lambda x: x.upper()
+        elif case_sensitive.startswith('l'):
+            self.case_converter = lambda x: x.lower()
+        else:
+            msg = 'unrecognized case_sensitive value %s.' % case_sensitive
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        self.replace_space = replace_space
+
+    def validate(self, names, defaultfmt="f%i", nbfields=None):
+        """
+        Validate a list of strings as field names for a structured array.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        names : sequence of str
+            Strings to be validated.
+        defaultfmt : str, optional
+            Default format string, used if validating a given string
+            reduces its length to zero.
+        nbfields : integer, optional
+            Final number of validated names, used to expand or shrink the
+            initial list of names.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        validatednames : list of str
+            The list of validated field names.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        A `NameValidator` instance can be called directly, which is the
+        same as calling `validate`. For examples, see `NameValidator`.
+
+        """
+        # Initial checks ..............
+        if (names is None):
+            if (nbfields is None):
+                return None
+            names = []
+        if isinstance(names, str):
+            names = [names, ]
+        if nbfields is not None:
+            nbnames = len(names)
+            if (nbnames < nbfields):
+                names = list(names) + [''] * (nbfields - nbnames)
+            elif (nbnames > nbfields):
+                names = names[:nbfields]
+        # Set some shortcuts ...........
+        deletechars = self.deletechars
+        excludelist = self.excludelist
+        case_converter = self.case_converter
+        replace_space = self.replace_space
+        # Initializes some variables ...
+        validatednames = []
+        seen = dict()
+        nbempty = 0
+
+        for item in names:
+            item = case_converter(item).strip()
+            if replace_space:
+                item = item.replace(' ', replace_space)
+            item = ''.join([c for c in item if c not in deletechars])
+            if item == '':
+                item = defaultfmt % nbempty
+                while item in names:
+                    nbempty += 1
+                    item = defaultfmt % nbempty
+                nbempty += 1
+            elif item in excludelist:
+                item += '_'
+            cnt = seen.get(item, 0)
+            if cnt > 0:
+                validatednames.append(item + '_%d' % cnt)
+            else:
+                validatednames.append(item)
+            seen[item] = cnt + 1
+        return tuple(validatednames)
+
+    def __call__(self, names, defaultfmt="f%i", nbfields=None):
+        return self.validate(names, defaultfmt=defaultfmt, nbfields=nbfields)
+
+
+def str2bool(value):
+    """
+    Tries to transform a string supposed to represent a boolean to a boolean.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    value : str
+        The string that is transformed to a boolean.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    boolval : bool
+        The boolean representation of `value`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If the string is not 'True' or 'False' (case independent)
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.lib._iotools.str2bool('TRUE')
+    True
+    >>> np.lib._iotools.str2bool('false')
+    False
+
+    """
+    value = value.upper()
+    if value == 'TRUE':
+        return True
+    elif value == 'FALSE':
+        return False
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid boolean")
+
+
+class ConverterError(Exception):
+    """
+    Exception raised when an error occurs in a converter for string values.
+
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class ConverterLockError(ConverterError):
+    """
+    Exception raised when an attempt is made to upgrade a locked converter.
+
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class ConversionWarning(UserWarning):
+    """
+    Warning issued when a string converter has a problem.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In `genfromtxt` a `ConversionWarning` is issued if raising exceptions
+    is explicitly suppressed with the "invalid_raise" keyword.
+
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class StringConverter:
+    """
+    Factory class for function transforming a string into another object
+    (int, float).
+
+    After initialization, an instance can be called to transform a string
+    into another object. If the string is recognized as representing a
+    missing value, a default value is returned.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    func : function
+        Function used for the conversion.
+    default : any
+        Default value to return when the input corresponds to a missing
+        value.
+    type : type
+        Type of the output.
+    _status : int
+        Integer representing the order of the conversion.
+    _mapper : sequence of tuples
+        Sequence of tuples (dtype, function, default value) to evaluate in
+        order.
+    _locked : bool
+        Holds `locked` parameter.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dtype_or_func : {None, dtype, function}, optional
+        If a `dtype`, specifies the input data type, used to define a basic
+        function and a default value for missing data. For example, when
+        `dtype` is float, the `func` attribute is set to `float` and the
+        default value to `np.nan`.  If a function, this function is used to
+        convert a string to another object. In this case, it is recommended
+        to give an associated default value as input.
+    default : any, optional
+        Value to return by default, that is, when the string to be
+        converted is flagged as missing. If not given, `StringConverter`
+        tries to supply a reasonable default value.
+    missing_values : {None, sequence of str}, optional
+        ``None`` or sequence of strings indicating a missing value. If ``None``
+        then missing values are indicated by empty entries. The default is
+        ``None``.
+    locked : bool, optional
+        Whether the StringConverter should be locked to prevent automatic
+        upgrade or not. Default is False.
+
+    """
+    _mapper = [(nx.bool_, str2bool, False),
+               (nx.int_, int, -1),]
+
+    # On 32-bit systems, we need to make sure that we explicitly include
+    # nx.int64 since ns.int_ is nx.int32.
+    if nx.dtype(nx.int_).itemsize < nx.dtype(nx.int64).itemsize:
+        _mapper.append((nx.int64, int, -1))
+
+    _mapper.extend([(nx.float64, float, nx.nan),
+                    (nx.complex128, complex, nx.nan + 0j),
+                    (nx.longdouble, nx.longdouble, nx.nan),
+                    # If a non-default dtype is passed, fall back to generic
+                    # ones (should only be used for the converter)
+                    (nx.integer, int, -1),
+                    (nx.floating, float, nx.nan),
+                    (nx.complexfloating, complex, nx.nan + 0j),
+                    # Last, try with the string types (must be last, because
+                    # `_mapper[-1]` is used as default in some cases)
+                    (nx.str_, asunicode, '???'),
+                    (nx.bytes_, asbytes, '???'),
+                    ])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _getdtype(cls, val):
+        """Returns the dtype of the input variable."""
+        return np.array(val).dtype
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _getsubdtype(cls, val):
+        """Returns the type of the dtype of the input variable."""
+        return np.array(val).dtype.type
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _dtypeortype(cls, dtype):
+        """Returns dtype for datetime64 and type of dtype otherwise."""
+
+        # This is a bit annoying. We want to return the "general" type in most
+        # cases (ie. "string" rather than "S10"), but we want to return the
+        # specific type for datetime64 (ie. "datetime64[us]" rather than
+        # "datetime64").
+        if dtype.type == np.datetime64:
+            return dtype
+        return dtype.type
+
+    @classmethod
+    def upgrade_mapper(cls, func, default=None):
+        """
+        Upgrade the mapper of a StringConverter by adding a new function and
+        its corresponding default.
+
+        The input function (or sequence of functions) and its associated
+        default value (if any) is inserted in penultimate position of the
+        mapper.  The corresponding type is estimated from the dtype of the
+        default value.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        func : var
+            Function, or sequence of functions
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import dateutil.parser
+        >>> import datetime
+        >>> dateparser = dateutil.parser.parse
+        >>> defaultdate = datetime.date(2000, 1, 1)
+        >>> StringConverter.upgrade_mapper(dateparser, default=defaultdate)
+        """
+        # Func is a single functions
+        if hasattr(func, '__call__'):
+            cls._mapper.insert(-1, (cls._getsubdtype(default), func, default))
+            return
+        elif hasattr(func, '__iter__'):
+            if isinstance(func[0], (tuple, list)):
+                for _ in func:
+                    cls._mapper.insert(-1, _)
+                return
+            if default is None:
+                default = [None] * len(func)
+            else:
+                default = list(default)
+                default.append([None] * (len(func) - len(default)))
+            for fct, dft in zip(func, default):
+                cls._mapper.insert(-1, (cls._getsubdtype(dft), fct, dft))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _find_map_entry(cls, dtype):
+        # if a converter for the specific dtype is available use that
+        for i, (deftype, func, default_def) in enumerate(cls._mapper):
+            if dtype.type == deftype:
+                return i, (deftype, func, default_def)
+
+        # otherwise find an inexact match
+        for i, (deftype, func, default_def) in enumerate(cls._mapper):
+            if np.issubdtype(dtype.type, deftype):
+                return i, (deftype, func, default_def)
+
+        raise LookupError
+
+    def __init__(self, dtype_or_func=None, default=None, missing_values=None,
+                 locked=False):
+        # Defines a lock for upgrade
+        self._locked = bool(locked)
+        # No input dtype: minimal initialization
+        if dtype_or_func is None:
+            self.func = str2bool
+            self._status = 0
+            self.default = default or False
+            dtype = np.dtype('bool')
+        else:
+            # Is the input a np.dtype ?
+            try:
+                self.func = None
+                dtype = np.dtype(dtype_or_func)
+            except TypeError:
+                # dtype_or_func must be a function, then
+                if not hasattr(dtype_or_func, '__call__'):
+                    errmsg = ("The input argument `dtype` is neither a"
+                              " function nor a dtype (got '%s' instead)")
+                    raise TypeError(errmsg % type(dtype_or_func))
+                # Set the function
+                self.func = dtype_or_func
+                # If we don't have a default, try to guess it or set it to
+                # None
+                if default is None:
+                    try:
+                        default = self.func('0')
+                    except ValueError:
+                        default = None
+                dtype = self._getdtype(default)
+
+            # find the best match in our mapper
+            try:
+                self._status, (_, func, default_def) = self._find_map_entry(dtype)
+            except LookupError:
+                # no match
+                self.default = default
+                _, func, _ = self._mapper[-1]
+                self._status = 0
+            else:
+                # use the found default only if we did not already have one
+                if default is None:
+                    self.default = default_def
+                else:
+                    self.default = default
+
+            # If the input was a dtype, set the function to the last we saw
+            if self.func is None:
+                self.func = func
+
+            # If the status is 1 (int), change the function to
+            # something more robust.
+            if self.func == self._mapper[1][1]:
+                if issubclass(dtype.type, np.uint64):
+                    self.func = np.uint64
+                elif issubclass(dtype.type, np.int64):
+                    self.func = np.int64
+                else:
+                    self.func = lambda x: int(float(x))
+        # Store the list of strings corresponding to missing values.
+        if missing_values is None:
+            self.missing_values = {''}
+        else:
+            if isinstance(missing_values, str):
+                missing_values = missing_values.split(",")
+            self.missing_values = set(list(missing_values) + [''])
+
+        self._callingfunction = self._strict_call
+        self.type = self._dtypeortype(dtype)
+        self._checked = False
+        self._initial_default = default
+
+    def _loose_call(self, value):
+        try:
+            return self.func(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            return self.default
+
+    def _strict_call(self, value):
+        try:
+
+            # We check if we can convert the value using the current function
+            new_value = self.func(value)
+
+            # In addition to having to check whether func can convert the
+            # value, we also have to make sure that we don't get overflow
+            # errors for integers.
+            if self.func is int:
+                try:
+                    np.array(value, dtype=self.type)
+                except OverflowError:
+                    raise ValueError
+
+            # We're still here so we can now return the new value
+            return new_value
+
+        except ValueError:
+            if value.strip() in self.missing_values:
+                if not self._status:
+                    self._checked = False
+                return self.default
+            raise ValueError("Cannot convert string '%s'" % value)
+
+    def __call__(self, value):
+        return self._callingfunction(value)
+
+    def _do_upgrade(self):
+        # Raise an exception if we locked the converter...
+        if self._locked:
+            errmsg = "Converter is locked and cannot be upgraded"
+            raise ConverterLockError(errmsg)
+        _statusmax = len(self._mapper)
+        # Complains if we try to upgrade by the maximum
+        _status = self._status
+        if _status == _statusmax:
+            errmsg = "Could not find a valid conversion function"
+            raise ConverterError(errmsg)
+        elif _status < _statusmax - 1:
+            _status += 1
+        self.type, self.func, default = self._mapper[_status]
+        self._status = _status
+        if self._initial_default is not None:
+            self.default = self._initial_default
+        else:
+            self.default = default
+
+    def upgrade(self, value):
+        """
+        Find the best converter for a given string, and return the result.
+
+        The supplied string `value` is converted by testing different
+        converters in order. First the `func` method of the
+        `StringConverter` instance is tried, if this fails other available
+        converters are tried.  The order in which these other converters
+        are tried is determined by the `_status` attribute of the instance.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        value : str
+            The string to convert.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        out : any
+            The result of converting `value` with the appropriate converter.
+
+        """
+        self._checked = True
+        try:
+            return self._strict_call(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            self._do_upgrade()
+            return self.upgrade(value)
+
+    def iterupgrade(self, value):
+        self._checked = True
+        if not hasattr(value, '__iter__'):
+            value = (value,)
+        _strict_call = self._strict_call
+        try:
+            for _m in value:
+                _strict_call(_m)
+        except ValueError:
+            self._do_upgrade()
+            self.iterupgrade(value)
+
+    def update(self, func, default=None, testing_value=None,
+               missing_values='', locked=False):
+        """
+        Set StringConverter attributes directly.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        func : function
+            Conversion function.
+        default : any, optional
+            Value to return by default, that is, when the string to be
+            converted is flagged as missing. If not given,
+            `StringConverter` tries to supply a reasonable default value.
+        testing_value : str, optional
+            A string representing a standard input value of the converter.
+            This string is used to help defining a reasonable default
+            value.
+        missing_values : {sequence of str, None}, optional
+            Sequence of strings indicating a missing value. If ``None``, then
+            the existing `missing_values` are cleared. The default is `''`.
+        locked : bool, optional
+            Whether the StringConverter should be locked to prevent
+            automatic upgrade or not. Default is False.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        `update` takes the same parameters as the constructor of
+        `StringConverter`, except that `func` does not accept a `dtype`
+        whereas `dtype_or_func` in the constructor does.
+
+        """
+        self.func = func
+        self._locked = locked
+
+        # Don't reset the default to None if we can avoid it
+        if default is not None:
+            self.default = default
+            self.type = self._dtypeortype(self._getdtype(default))
+        else:
+            try:
+                tester = func(testing_value or '1')
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                tester = None
+            self.type = self._dtypeortype(self._getdtype(tester))
+
+        # Add the missing values to the existing set or clear it.
+        if missing_values is None:
+            # Clear all missing values even though the ctor initializes it to
+            # set(['']) when the argument is None.
+            self.missing_values = set()
+        else:
+            if not np.iterable(missing_values):
+                missing_values = [missing_values]
+            if not all(isinstance(v, str) for v in missing_values):
+                raise TypeError("missing_values must be strings or unicode")
+            self.missing_values.update(missing_values)
+
+
+def easy_dtype(ndtype, names=None, defaultfmt="f%i", **validationargs):
+    """
+    Convenience function to create a `np.dtype` object.
+
+    The function processes the input `dtype` and matches it with the given
+    names.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ndtype : var
+        Definition of the dtype. Can be any string or dictionary recognized
+        by the `np.dtype` function, or a sequence of types.
+    names : str or sequence, optional
+        Sequence of strings to use as field names for a structured dtype.
+        For convenience, `names` can be a string of a comma-separated list
+        of names.
+    defaultfmt : str, optional
+        Format string used to define missing names, such as ``"f%i"``
+        (default) or ``"fields_%02i"``.
+    validationargs : optional
+        A series of optional arguments used to initialize a
+        `NameValidator`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.lib._iotools.easy_dtype(float)
+    dtype('float64')
+    >>> np.lib._iotools.easy_dtype("i4, f8")
+    dtype([('f0', '>> np.lib._iotools.easy_dtype("i4, f8", defaultfmt="field_%03i")
+    dtype([('field_000', '>> np.lib._iotools.easy_dtype((int, float, float), names="a,b,c")
+    dtype([('a', '>> np.lib._iotools.easy_dtype(float, names="a,b,c")
+    dtype([('a', ' 9 in principle):
+
+    - Released version: '1.8.0', '1.8.1', etc.
+    - Alpha: '1.8.0a1', '1.8.0a2', etc.
+    - Beta: '1.8.0b1', '1.8.0b2', etc.
+    - Release candidates: '1.8.0rc1', '1.8.0rc2', etc.
+    - Development versions: '1.8.0.dev-f1234afa' (git commit hash appended)
+    - Development versions after a1: '1.8.0a1.dev-f1234afa',
+                                     '1.8.0b2.dev-f1234afa',
+                                     '1.8.1rc1.dev-f1234afa', etc.
+    - Development versions (no git hash available): '1.8.0.dev-Unknown'
+
+    Comparing needs to be done against a valid version string or other
+    `NumpyVersion` instance. Note that all development versions of the same
+    (pre-)release compare equal.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vstring : str
+        NumPy version string (``np.__version__``).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.lib import NumpyVersion
+    >>> if NumpyVersion(np.__version__) < '1.7.0':
+    ...     print('skip')
+    >>> # skip
+
+    >>> NumpyVersion('1.7')  # raises ValueError, add ".0"
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Not a valid numpy version string
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, vstring):
+        self.vstring = vstring
+        ver_main = re.match(r'\d+\.\d+\.\d+', vstring)
+        if not ver_main:
+            raise ValueError("Not a valid numpy version string")
+
+        self.version = ver_main.group()
+        self.major, self.minor, self.bugfix = [int(x) for x in
+            self.version.split('.')]
+        if len(vstring) == ver_main.end():
+            self.pre_release = 'final'
+        else:
+            alpha = re.match(r'a\d', vstring[ver_main.end():])
+            beta = re.match(r'b\d', vstring[ver_main.end():])
+            rc = re.match(r'rc\d', vstring[ver_main.end():])
+            pre_rel = [m for m in [alpha, beta, rc] if m is not None]
+            if pre_rel:
+                self.pre_release = pre_rel[0].group()
+            else:
+                self.pre_release = ''
+
+        self.is_devversion = bool(re.search(r'.dev', vstring))
+
+    def _compare_version(self, other):
+        """Compare major.minor.bugfix"""
+        if self.major == other.major:
+            if self.minor == other.minor:
+                if self.bugfix == other.bugfix:
+                    vercmp = 0
+                elif self.bugfix > other.bugfix:
+                    vercmp = 1
+                else:
+                    vercmp = -1
+            elif self.minor > other.minor:
+                vercmp = 1
+            else:
+                vercmp = -1
+        elif self.major > other.major:
+            vercmp = 1
+        else:
+            vercmp = -1
+
+        return vercmp
+
+    def _compare_pre_release(self, other):
+        """Compare alpha/beta/rc/final."""
+        if self.pre_release == other.pre_release:
+            vercmp = 0
+        elif self.pre_release == 'final':
+            vercmp = 1
+        elif other.pre_release == 'final':
+            vercmp = -1
+        elif self.pre_release > other.pre_release:
+            vercmp = 1
+        else:
+            vercmp = -1
+
+        return vercmp
+
+    def _compare(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, (str, NumpyVersion)):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid object to compare with NumpyVersion.")
+
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            other = NumpyVersion(other)
+
+        vercmp = self._compare_version(other)
+        if vercmp == 0:
+            # Same x.y.z version, check for alpha/beta/rc
+            vercmp = self._compare_pre_release(other)
+            if vercmp == 0:
+                # Same version and same pre-release, check if dev version
+                if self.is_devversion is other.is_devversion:
+                    vercmp = 0
+                elif self.is_devversion:
+                    vercmp = -1
+                else:
+                    vercmp = 1
+
+        return vercmp
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other) < 0
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other) <= 0
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other) == 0
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other) != 0
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other) > 0
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return self._compare(other) >= 0
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "NumpyVersion(%s)" % self.vstring
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/_version.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/_version.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c82c99b686e2be8e34a1b6bc45dacce15532082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/_version.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+__all__: list[str]
+
+class NumpyVersion:
+    vstring: str
+    version: str
+    major: int
+    minor: int
+    bugfix: int
+    pre_release: str
+    is_devversion: bool
+    def __init__(self, vstring: str) -> None: ...
+    def __lt__(self, other: str | NumpyVersion) -> bool: ...
+    def __le__(self, other: str | NumpyVersion) -> bool: ...
+    def __eq__(self, other: str | NumpyVersion) -> bool: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __ne__(self, other: str | NumpyVersion) -> bool: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __gt__(self, other: str | NumpyVersion) -> bool: ...
+    def __ge__(self, other: str | NumpyVersion) -> bool: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraypad.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraypad.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b06a645d836c5e0c4e445a138ca0af905236932f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraypad.py
@@ -0,0 +1,882 @@
+"""
+The arraypad module contains a group of functions to pad values onto the edges
+of an n-dimensional array.
+
+"""
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core.overrides import array_function_dispatch
+from numpy.lib.index_tricks import ndindex
+
+
+__all__ = ['pad']
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Private utility functions.
+
+
+def _round_if_needed(arr, dtype):
+    """
+    Rounds arr inplace if destination dtype is integer.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : ndarray
+        Input array.
+    dtype : dtype
+        The dtype of the destination array.
+    """
+    if np.issubdtype(dtype, np.integer):
+        arr.round(out=arr)
+
+
+def _slice_at_axis(sl, axis):
+    """
+    Construct tuple of slices to slice an array in the given dimension.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    sl : slice
+        The slice for the given dimension.
+    axis : int
+        The axis to which `sl` is applied. All other dimensions are left
+        "unsliced".
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    sl : tuple of slices
+        A tuple with slices matching `shape` in length.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> _slice_at_axis(slice(None, 3, -1), 1)
+    (slice(None, None, None), slice(None, 3, -1), (...,))
+    """
+    return (slice(None),) * axis + (sl,) + (...,)
+
+
+def _view_roi(array, original_area_slice, axis):
+    """
+    Get a view of the current region of interest during iterative padding.
+
+    When padding multiple dimensions iteratively corner values are
+    unnecessarily overwritten multiple times. This function reduces the
+    working area for the first dimensions so that corners are excluded.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    array : ndarray
+        The array with the region of interest.
+    original_area_slice : tuple of slices
+        Denotes the area with original values of the unpadded array.
+    axis : int
+        The currently padded dimension assuming that `axis` is padded before
+        `axis` + 1.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    roi : ndarray
+        The region of interest of the original `array`.
+    """
+    axis += 1
+    sl = (slice(None),) * axis + original_area_slice[axis:]
+    return array[sl]
+
+
+def _pad_simple(array, pad_width, fill_value=None):
+    """
+    Pad array on all sides with either a single value or undefined values.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    array : ndarray
+        Array to grow.
+    pad_width : sequence of tuple[int, int]
+        Pad width on both sides for each dimension in `arr`.
+    fill_value : scalar, optional
+        If provided the padded area is filled with this value, otherwise
+        the pad area left undefined.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    padded : ndarray
+        The padded array with the same dtype as`array`. Its order will default
+        to C-style if `array` is not F-contiguous.
+    original_area_slice : tuple
+        A tuple of slices pointing to the area of the original array.
+    """
+    # Allocate grown array
+    new_shape = tuple(
+        left + size + right
+        for size, (left, right) in zip(array.shape, pad_width)
+    )
+    order = 'F' if array.flags.fnc else 'C'  # Fortran and not also C-order
+    padded = np.empty(new_shape, dtype=array.dtype, order=order)
+
+    if fill_value is not None:
+        padded.fill(fill_value)
+
+    # Copy old array into correct space
+    original_area_slice = tuple(
+        slice(left, left + size)
+        for size, (left, right) in zip(array.shape, pad_width)
+    )
+    padded[original_area_slice] = array
+
+    return padded, original_area_slice
+
+
+def _set_pad_area(padded, axis, width_pair, value_pair):
+    """
+    Set empty-padded area in given dimension.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    padded : ndarray
+        Array with the pad area which is modified inplace.
+    axis : int
+        Dimension with the pad area to set.
+    width_pair : (int, int)
+        Pair of widths that mark the pad area on both sides in the given
+        dimension.
+    value_pair : tuple of scalars or ndarrays
+        Values inserted into the pad area on each side. It must match or be
+        broadcastable to the shape of `arr`.
+    """
+    left_slice = _slice_at_axis(slice(None, width_pair[0]), axis)
+    padded[left_slice] = value_pair[0]
+
+    right_slice = _slice_at_axis(
+        slice(padded.shape[axis] - width_pair[1], None), axis)
+    padded[right_slice] = value_pair[1]
+
+
+def _get_edges(padded, axis, width_pair):
+    """
+    Retrieve edge values from empty-padded array in given dimension.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    padded : ndarray
+        Empty-padded array.
+    axis : int
+        Dimension in which the edges are considered.
+    width_pair : (int, int)
+        Pair of widths that mark the pad area on both sides in the given
+        dimension.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    left_edge, right_edge : ndarray
+        Edge values of the valid area in `padded` in the given dimension. Its
+        shape will always match `padded` except for the dimension given by
+        `axis` which will have a length of 1.
+    """
+    left_index = width_pair[0]
+    left_slice = _slice_at_axis(slice(left_index, left_index + 1), axis)
+    left_edge = padded[left_slice]
+
+    right_index = padded.shape[axis] - width_pair[1]
+    right_slice = _slice_at_axis(slice(right_index - 1, right_index), axis)
+    right_edge = padded[right_slice]
+
+    return left_edge, right_edge
+
+
+def _get_linear_ramps(padded, axis, width_pair, end_value_pair):
+    """
+    Construct linear ramps for empty-padded array in given dimension.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    padded : ndarray
+        Empty-padded array.
+    axis : int
+        Dimension in which the ramps are constructed.
+    width_pair : (int, int)
+        Pair of widths that mark the pad area on both sides in the given
+        dimension.
+    end_value_pair : (scalar, scalar)
+        End values for the linear ramps which form the edge of the fully padded
+        array. These values are included in the linear ramps.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    left_ramp, right_ramp : ndarray
+        Linear ramps to set on both sides of `padded`.
+    """
+    edge_pair = _get_edges(padded, axis, width_pair)
+
+    left_ramp, right_ramp = (
+        np.linspace(
+            start=end_value,
+            stop=edge.squeeze(axis), # Dimension is replaced by linspace
+            num=width,
+            endpoint=False,
+            dtype=padded.dtype,
+            axis=axis
+        )
+        for end_value, edge, width in zip(
+            end_value_pair, edge_pair, width_pair
+        )
+    )
+        
+    # Reverse linear space in appropriate dimension
+    right_ramp = right_ramp[_slice_at_axis(slice(None, None, -1), axis)]
+
+    return left_ramp, right_ramp
+
+
+def _get_stats(padded, axis, width_pair, length_pair, stat_func):
+    """
+    Calculate statistic for the empty-padded array in given dimension.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    padded : ndarray
+        Empty-padded array.
+    axis : int
+        Dimension in which the statistic is calculated.
+    width_pair : (int, int)
+        Pair of widths that mark the pad area on both sides in the given
+        dimension.
+    length_pair : 2-element sequence of None or int
+        Gives the number of values in valid area from each side that is
+        taken into account when calculating the statistic. If None the entire
+        valid area in `padded` is considered.
+    stat_func : function
+        Function to compute statistic. The expected signature is
+        ``stat_func(x: ndarray, axis: int, keepdims: bool) -> ndarray``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    left_stat, right_stat : ndarray
+        Calculated statistic for both sides of `padded`.
+    """
+    # Calculate indices of the edges of the area with original values
+    left_index = width_pair[0]
+    right_index = padded.shape[axis] - width_pair[1]
+    # as well as its length
+    max_length = right_index - left_index
+
+    # Limit stat_lengths to max_length
+    left_length, right_length = length_pair
+    if left_length is None or max_length < left_length:
+        left_length = max_length
+    if right_length is None or max_length < right_length:
+        right_length = max_length
+
+    if (left_length == 0 or right_length == 0) \
+            and stat_func in {np.amax, np.amin}:
+        # amax and amin can't operate on an empty array,
+        # raise a more descriptive warning here instead of the default one
+        raise ValueError("stat_length of 0 yields no value for padding")
+
+    # Calculate statistic for the left side
+    left_slice = _slice_at_axis(
+        slice(left_index, left_index + left_length), axis)
+    left_chunk = padded[left_slice]
+    left_stat = stat_func(left_chunk, axis=axis, keepdims=True)
+    _round_if_needed(left_stat, padded.dtype)
+
+    if left_length == right_length == max_length:
+        # return early as right_stat must be identical to left_stat
+        return left_stat, left_stat
+
+    # Calculate statistic for the right side
+    right_slice = _slice_at_axis(
+        slice(right_index - right_length, right_index), axis)
+    right_chunk = padded[right_slice]
+    right_stat = stat_func(right_chunk, axis=axis, keepdims=True)
+    _round_if_needed(right_stat, padded.dtype)
+
+    return left_stat, right_stat
+
+
+def _set_reflect_both(padded, axis, width_pair, method, include_edge=False):
+    """
+    Pad `axis` of `arr` with reflection.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    padded : ndarray
+        Input array of arbitrary shape.
+    axis : int
+        Axis along which to pad `arr`.
+    width_pair : (int, int)
+        Pair of widths that mark the pad area on both sides in the given
+        dimension.
+    method : str
+        Controls method of reflection; options are 'even' or 'odd'.
+    include_edge : bool
+        If true, edge value is included in reflection, otherwise the edge
+        value forms the symmetric axis to the reflection.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pad_amt : tuple of ints, length 2
+        New index positions of padding to do along the `axis`. If these are
+        both 0, padding is done in this dimension.
+    """
+    left_pad, right_pad = width_pair
+    old_length = padded.shape[axis] - right_pad - left_pad
+
+    if include_edge:
+        # Edge is included, we need to offset the pad amount by 1
+        edge_offset = 1
+    else:
+        edge_offset = 0  # Edge is not included, no need to offset pad amount
+        old_length -= 1  # but must be omitted from the chunk
+
+    if left_pad > 0:
+        # Pad with reflected values on left side:
+        # First limit chunk size which can't be larger than pad area
+        chunk_length = min(old_length, left_pad)
+        # Slice right to left, stop on or next to edge, start relative to stop
+        stop = left_pad - edge_offset
+        start = stop + chunk_length
+        left_slice = _slice_at_axis(slice(start, stop, -1), axis)
+        left_chunk = padded[left_slice]
+
+        if method == "odd":
+            # Negate chunk and align with edge
+            edge_slice = _slice_at_axis(slice(left_pad, left_pad + 1), axis)
+            left_chunk = 2 * padded[edge_slice] - left_chunk
+
+        # Insert chunk into padded area
+        start = left_pad - chunk_length
+        stop = left_pad
+        pad_area = _slice_at_axis(slice(start, stop), axis)
+        padded[pad_area] = left_chunk
+        # Adjust pointer to left edge for next iteration
+        left_pad -= chunk_length
+
+    if right_pad > 0:
+        # Pad with reflected values on right side:
+        # First limit chunk size which can't be larger than pad area
+        chunk_length = min(old_length, right_pad)
+        # Slice right to left, start on or next to edge, stop relative to start
+        start = -right_pad + edge_offset - 2
+        stop = start - chunk_length
+        right_slice = _slice_at_axis(slice(start, stop, -1), axis)
+        right_chunk = padded[right_slice]
+
+        if method == "odd":
+            # Negate chunk and align with edge
+            edge_slice = _slice_at_axis(
+                slice(-right_pad - 1, -right_pad), axis)
+            right_chunk = 2 * padded[edge_slice] - right_chunk
+
+        # Insert chunk into padded area
+        start = padded.shape[axis] - right_pad
+        stop = start + chunk_length
+        pad_area = _slice_at_axis(slice(start, stop), axis)
+        padded[pad_area] = right_chunk
+        # Adjust pointer to right edge for next iteration
+        right_pad -= chunk_length
+
+    return left_pad, right_pad
+
+
+def _set_wrap_both(padded, axis, width_pair, original_period):
+    """
+    Pad `axis` of `arr` with wrapped values.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    padded : ndarray
+        Input array of arbitrary shape.
+    axis : int
+        Axis along which to pad `arr`.
+    width_pair : (int, int)
+        Pair of widths that mark the pad area on both sides in the given
+        dimension.
+    original_period : int
+        Original length of data on `axis` of `arr`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pad_amt : tuple of ints, length 2
+        New index positions of padding to do along the `axis`. If these are
+        both 0, padding is done in this dimension.
+    """
+    left_pad, right_pad = width_pair
+    period = padded.shape[axis] - right_pad - left_pad
+    # Avoid wrapping with only a subset of the original area by ensuring period
+    # can only be a multiple of the original area's length.
+    period = period // original_period * original_period
+
+    # If the current dimension of `arr` doesn't contain enough valid values
+    # (not part of the undefined pad area) we need to pad multiple times.
+    # Each time the pad area shrinks on both sides which is communicated with
+    # these variables.
+    new_left_pad = 0
+    new_right_pad = 0
+
+    if left_pad > 0:
+        # Pad with wrapped values on left side
+        # First slice chunk from left side of the non-pad area.
+        # Use min(period, left_pad) to ensure that chunk is not larger than
+        # pad area.
+        slice_end = left_pad + period
+        slice_start = slice_end - min(period, left_pad)
+        right_slice = _slice_at_axis(slice(slice_start, slice_end), axis)
+        right_chunk = padded[right_slice]
+
+        if left_pad > period:
+            # Chunk is smaller than pad area
+            pad_area = _slice_at_axis(slice(left_pad - period, left_pad), axis)
+            new_left_pad = left_pad - period
+        else:
+            # Chunk matches pad area
+            pad_area = _slice_at_axis(slice(None, left_pad), axis)
+        padded[pad_area] = right_chunk
+
+    if right_pad > 0:
+        # Pad with wrapped values on right side
+        # First slice chunk from right side of the non-pad area.
+        # Use min(period, right_pad) to ensure that chunk is not larger than
+        # pad area.
+        slice_start = -right_pad - period
+        slice_end = slice_start + min(period, right_pad)
+        left_slice = _slice_at_axis(slice(slice_start, slice_end), axis)
+        left_chunk = padded[left_slice]
+
+        if right_pad > period:
+            # Chunk is smaller than pad area
+            pad_area = _slice_at_axis(
+                slice(-right_pad, -right_pad + period), axis)
+            new_right_pad = right_pad - period
+        else:
+            # Chunk matches pad area
+            pad_area = _slice_at_axis(slice(-right_pad, None), axis)
+        padded[pad_area] = left_chunk
+
+    return new_left_pad, new_right_pad
+
+
+def _as_pairs(x, ndim, as_index=False):
+    """
+    Broadcast `x` to an array with the shape (`ndim`, 2).
+
+    A helper function for `pad` that prepares and validates arguments like
+    `pad_width` for iteration in pairs.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : {None, scalar, array-like}
+        The object to broadcast to the shape (`ndim`, 2).
+    ndim : int
+        Number of pairs the broadcasted `x` will have.
+    as_index : bool, optional
+        If `x` is not None, try to round each element of `x` to an integer
+        (dtype `np.intp`) and ensure every element is positive.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pairs : nested iterables, shape (`ndim`, 2)
+        The broadcasted version of `x`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If `as_index` is True and `x` contains negative elements.
+        Or if `x` is not broadcastable to the shape (`ndim`, 2).
+    """
+    if x is None:
+        # Pass through None as a special case, otherwise np.round(x) fails
+        # with an AttributeError
+        return ((None, None),) * ndim
+
+    x = np.array(x)
+    if as_index:
+        x = np.round(x).astype(np.intp, copy=False)
+
+    if x.ndim < 3:
+        # Optimization: Possibly use faster paths for cases where `x` has
+        # only 1 or 2 elements. `np.broadcast_to` could handle these as well
+        # but is currently slower
+
+        if x.size == 1:
+            # x was supplied as a single value
+            x = x.ravel()  # Ensure x[0] works for x.ndim == 0, 1, 2
+            if as_index and x < 0:
+                raise ValueError("index can't contain negative values")
+            return ((x[0], x[0]),) * ndim
+
+        if x.size == 2 and x.shape != (2, 1):
+            # x was supplied with a single value for each side
+            # but except case when each dimension has a single value
+            # which should be broadcasted to a pair,
+            # e.g. [[1], [2]] -> [[1, 1], [2, 2]] not [[1, 2], [1, 2]]
+            x = x.ravel()  # Ensure x[0], x[1] works
+            if as_index and (x[0] < 0 or x[1] < 0):
+                raise ValueError("index can't contain negative values")
+            return ((x[0], x[1]),) * ndim
+
+    if as_index and x.min() < 0:
+        raise ValueError("index can't contain negative values")
+
+    # Converting the array with `tolist` seems to improve performance
+    # when iterating and indexing the result (see usage in `pad`)
+    return np.broadcast_to(x, (ndim, 2)).tolist()
+
+
+def _pad_dispatcher(array, pad_width, mode=None, **kwargs):
+    return (array,)
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Public functions
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_pad_dispatcher, module='numpy')
+def pad(array, pad_width, mode='constant', **kwargs):
+    """
+    Pad an array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    array : array_like of rank N
+        The array to pad.
+    pad_width : {sequence, array_like, int}
+        Number of values padded to the edges of each axis.
+        ``((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N))`` unique pad widths
+        for each axis.
+        ``(before, after)`` or ``((before, after),)`` yields same before
+        and after pad for each axis.
+        ``(pad,)`` or ``int`` is a shortcut for before = after = pad width
+        for all axes.
+    mode : str or function, optional
+        One of the following string values or a user supplied function.
+
+        'constant' (default)
+            Pads with a constant value.
+        'edge'
+            Pads with the edge values of array.
+        'linear_ramp'
+            Pads with the linear ramp between end_value and the
+            array edge value.
+        'maximum'
+            Pads with the maximum value of all or part of the
+            vector along each axis.
+        'mean'
+            Pads with the mean value of all or part of the
+            vector along each axis.
+        'median'
+            Pads with the median value of all or part of the
+            vector along each axis.
+        'minimum'
+            Pads with the minimum value of all or part of the
+            vector along each axis.
+        'reflect'
+            Pads with the reflection of the vector mirrored on
+            the first and last values of the vector along each
+            axis.
+        'symmetric'
+            Pads with the reflection of the vector mirrored
+            along the edge of the array.
+        'wrap'
+            Pads with the wrap of the vector along the axis.
+            The first values are used to pad the end and the
+            end values are used to pad the beginning.
+        'empty'
+            Pads with undefined values.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 1.17
+
+        
+            Padding function, see Notes.
+    stat_length : sequence or int, optional
+        Used in 'maximum', 'mean', 'median', and 'minimum'.  Number of
+        values at edge of each axis used to calculate the statistic value.
+
+        ``((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N))`` unique statistic
+        lengths for each axis.
+
+        ``(before, after)`` or ``((before, after),)`` yields same before
+        and after statistic lengths for each axis.
+
+        ``(stat_length,)`` or ``int`` is a shortcut for
+        ``before = after = statistic`` length for all axes.
+
+        Default is ``None``, to use the entire axis.
+    constant_values : sequence or scalar, optional
+        Used in 'constant'.  The values to set the padded values for each
+        axis.
+
+        ``((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N))`` unique pad constants
+        for each axis.
+
+        ``(before, after)`` or ``((before, after),)`` yields same before
+        and after constants for each axis.
+
+        ``(constant,)`` or ``constant`` is a shortcut for
+        ``before = after = constant`` for all axes.
+
+        Default is 0.
+    end_values : sequence or scalar, optional
+        Used in 'linear_ramp'.  The values used for the ending value of the
+        linear_ramp and that will form the edge of the padded array.
+
+        ``((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N))`` unique end values
+        for each axis.
+
+        ``(before, after)`` or ``((before, after),)`` yields same before
+        and after end values for each axis.
+
+        ``(constant,)`` or ``constant`` is a shortcut for
+        ``before = after = constant`` for all axes.
+
+        Default is 0.
+    reflect_type : {'even', 'odd'}, optional
+        Used in 'reflect', and 'symmetric'.  The 'even' style is the
+        default with an unaltered reflection around the edge value.  For
+        the 'odd' style, the extended part of the array is created by
+        subtracting the reflected values from two times the edge value.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pad : ndarray
+        Padded array of rank equal to `array` with shape increased
+        according to `pad_width`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    For an array with rank greater than 1, some of the padding of later
+    axes is calculated from padding of previous axes.  This is easiest to
+    think about with a rank 2 array where the corners of the padded array
+    are calculated by using padded values from the first axis.
+
+    The padding function, if used, should modify a rank 1 array in-place. It
+    has the following signature::
+
+        padding_func(vector, iaxis_pad_width, iaxis, kwargs)
+
+    where
+
+        vector : ndarray
+            A rank 1 array already padded with zeros.  Padded values are
+            vector[:iaxis_pad_width[0]] and vector[-iaxis_pad_width[1]:].
+        iaxis_pad_width : tuple
+            A 2-tuple of ints, iaxis_pad_width[0] represents the number of
+            values padded at the beginning of vector where
+            iaxis_pad_width[1] represents the number of values padded at
+            the end of vector.
+        iaxis : int
+            The axis currently being calculated.
+        kwargs : dict
+            Any keyword arguments the function requires.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+    >>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'constant', constant_values=(4, 6))
+    array([4, 4, 1, ..., 6, 6, 6])
+
+    >>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'edge')
+    array([1, 1, 1, ..., 5, 5, 5])
+
+    >>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'linear_ramp', end_values=(5, -4))
+    array([ 5,  3,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  2, -1, -4])
+
+    >>> np.pad(a, (2,), 'maximum')
+    array([5, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5])
+
+    >>> np.pad(a, (2,), 'mean')
+    array([3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 3])
+
+    >>> np.pad(a, (2,), 'median')
+    array([3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 3])
+
+    >>> a = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
+    >>> np.pad(a, ((3, 2), (2, 3)), 'minimum')
+    array([[1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
+           [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
+           [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
+           [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
+           [3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3],
+           [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
+           [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1]])
+
+    >>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+    >>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'reflect')
+    array([3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2])
+
+    >>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'reflect', reflect_type='odd')
+    array([-1,  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8])
+
+    >>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'symmetric')
+    array([2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3])
+
+    >>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'symmetric', reflect_type='odd')
+    array([0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7])
+
+    >>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'wrap')
+    array([4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3])
+
+    >>> def pad_with(vector, pad_width, iaxis, kwargs):
+    ...     pad_value = kwargs.get('padder', 10)
+    ...     vector[:pad_width[0]] = pad_value
+    ...     vector[-pad_width[1]:] = pad_value
+    >>> a = np.arange(6)
+    >>> a = a.reshape((2, 3))
+    >>> np.pad(a, 2, pad_with)
+    array([[10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10],
+           [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10],
+           [10, 10,  0,  1,  2, 10, 10],
+           [10, 10,  3,  4,  5, 10, 10],
+           [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10],
+           [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]])
+    >>> np.pad(a, 2, pad_with, padder=100)
+    array([[100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100],
+           [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100],
+           [100, 100,   0,   1,   2, 100, 100],
+           [100, 100,   3,   4,   5, 100, 100],
+           [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100],
+           [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100]])
+    """
+    array = np.asarray(array)
+    pad_width = np.asarray(pad_width)
+
+    if not pad_width.dtype.kind == 'i':
+        raise TypeError('`pad_width` must be of integral type.')
+
+    # Broadcast to shape (array.ndim, 2)
+    pad_width = _as_pairs(pad_width, array.ndim, as_index=True)
+
+    if callable(mode):
+        # Old behavior: Use user-supplied function with np.apply_along_axis
+        function = mode
+        # Create a new zero padded array
+        padded, _ = _pad_simple(array, pad_width, fill_value=0)
+        # And apply along each axis
+
+        for axis in range(padded.ndim):
+            # Iterate using ndindex as in apply_along_axis, but assuming that
+            # function operates inplace on the padded array.
+
+            # view with the iteration axis at the end
+            view = np.moveaxis(padded, axis, -1)
+
+            # compute indices for the iteration axes, and append a trailing
+            # ellipsis to prevent 0d arrays decaying to scalars (gh-8642)
+            inds = ndindex(view.shape[:-1])
+            inds = (ind + (Ellipsis,) for ind in inds)
+            for ind in inds:
+                function(view[ind], pad_width[axis], axis, kwargs)
+
+        return padded
+
+    # Make sure that no unsupported keywords were passed for the current mode
+    allowed_kwargs = {
+        'empty': [], 'edge': [], 'wrap': [],
+        'constant': ['constant_values'],
+        'linear_ramp': ['end_values'],
+        'maximum': ['stat_length'],
+        'mean': ['stat_length'],
+        'median': ['stat_length'],
+        'minimum': ['stat_length'],
+        'reflect': ['reflect_type'],
+        'symmetric': ['reflect_type'],
+    }
+    try:
+        unsupported_kwargs = set(kwargs) - set(allowed_kwargs[mode])
+    except KeyError:
+        raise ValueError("mode '{}' is not supported".format(mode)) from None
+    if unsupported_kwargs:
+        raise ValueError("unsupported keyword arguments for mode '{}': {}"
+                         .format(mode, unsupported_kwargs))
+
+    stat_functions = {"maximum": np.amax, "minimum": np.amin,
+                      "mean": np.mean, "median": np.median}
+
+    # Create array with final shape and original values
+    # (padded area is undefined)
+    padded, original_area_slice = _pad_simple(array, pad_width)
+    # And prepare iteration over all dimensions
+    # (zipping may be more readable than using enumerate)
+    axes = range(padded.ndim)
+
+    if mode == "constant":
+        values = kwargs.get("constant_values", 0)
+        values = _as_pairs(values, padded.ndim)
+        for axis, width_pair, value_pair in zip(axes, pad_width, values):
+            roi = _view_roi(padded, original_area_slice, axis)
+            _set_pad_area(roi, axis, width_pair, value_pair)
+
+    elif mode == "empty":
+        pass  # Do nothing as _pad_simple already returned the correct result
+
+    elif array.size == 0:
+        # Only modes "constant" and "empty" can extend empty axes, all other
+        # modes depend on `array` not being empty
+        # -> ensure every empty axis is only "padded with 0"
+        for axis, width_pair in zip(axes, pad_width):
+            if array.shape[axis] == 0 and any(width_pair):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "can't extend empty axis {} using modes other than "
+                    "'constant' or 'empty'".format(axis)
+                )
+        # passed, don't need to do anything more as _pad_simple already
+        # returned the correct result
+
+    elif mode == "edge":
+        for axis, width_pair in zip(axes, pad_width):
+            roi = _view_roi(padded, original_area_slice, axis)
+            edge_pair = _get_edges(roi, axis, width_pair)
+            _set_pad_area(roi, axis, width_pair, edge_pair)
+
+    elif mode == "linear_ramp":
+        end_values = kwargs.get("end_values", 0)
+        end_values = _as_pairs(end_values, padded.ndim)
+        for axis, width_pair, value_pair in zip(axes, pad_width, end_values):
+            roi = _view_roi(padded, original_area_slice, axis)
+            ramp_pair = _get_linear_ramps(roi, axis, width_pair, value_pair)
+            _set_pad_area(roi, axis, width_pair, ramp_pair)
+
+    elif mode in stat_functions:
+        func = stat_functions[mode]
+        length = kwargs.get("stat_length", None)
+        length = _as_pairs(length, padded.ndim, as_index=True)
+        for axis, width_pair, length_pair in zip(axes, pad_width, length):
+            roi = _view_roi(padded, original_area_slice, axis)
+            stat_pair = _get_stats(roi, axis, width_pair, length_pair, func)
+            _set_pad_area(roi, axis, width_pair, stat_pair)
+
+    elif mode in {"reflect", "symmetric"}:
+        method = kwargs.get("reflect_type", "even")
+        include_edge = True if mode == "symmetric" else False
+        for axis, (left_index, right_index) in zip(axes, pad_width):
+            if array.shape[axis] == 1 and (left_index > 0 or right_index > 0):
+                # Extending singleton dimension for 'reflect' is legacy
+                # behavior; it really should raise an error.
+                edge_pair = _get_edges(padded, axis, (left_index, right_index))
+                _set_pad_area(
+                    padded, axis, (left_index, right_index), edge_pair)
+                continue
+
+            roi = _view_roi(padded, original_area_slice, axis)
+            while left_index > 0 or right_index > 0:
+                # Iteratively pad until dimension is filled with reflected
+                # values. This is necessary if the pad area is larger than
+                # the length of the original values in the current dimension.
+                left_index, right_index = _set_reflect_both(
+                    roi, axis, (left_index, right_index),
+                    method, include_edge
+                )
+
+    elif mode == "wrap":
+        for axis, (left_index, right_index) in zip(axes, pad_width):
+            roi = _view_roi(padded, original_area_slice, axis)
+            original_period = padded.shape[axis] - right_index - left_index
+            while left_index > 0 or right_index > 0:
+                # Iteratively pad until dimension is filled with wrapped
+                # values. This is necessary if the pad area is larger than
+                # the length of the original values in the current dimension.
+                left_index, right_index = _set_wrap_both(
+                    roi, axis, (left_index, right_index), original_period)
+
+    return padded
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraypad.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraypad.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ac6fc7d91c868ba077235b8229cd00869386660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraypad.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+from typing import (
+    Literal as L,
+    Any,
+    overload,
+    TypeVar,
+    Protocol,
+)
+
+from numpy import generic
+
+from numpy._typing import (
+    ArrayLike,
+    NDArray,
+    _ArrayLikeInt,
+    _ArrayLike,
+)
+
+_SCT = TypeVar("_SCT", bound=generic)
+
+class _ModeFunc(Protocol):
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        vector: NDArray[Any],
+        iaxis_pad_width: tuple[int, int],
+        iaxis: int,
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        /,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+_ModeKind = L[
+    "constant",
+    "edge",
+    "linear_ramp",
+    "maximum",
+    "mean",
+    "median",
+    "minimum",
+    "reflect",
+    "symmetric",
+    "wrap",
+    "empty",
+]
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+# TODO: In practice each keyword argument is exclusive to one or more
+# specific modes. Consider adding more overloads to express this in the future.
+
+# Expand `**kwargs` into explicit keyword-only arguments
+@overload
+def pad(
+    array: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    pad_width: _ArrayLikeInt,
+    mode: _ModeKind = ...,
+    *,
+    stat_length: None | _ArrayLikeInt = ...,
+    constant_values: ArrayLike = ...,
+    end_values: ArrayLike = ...,
+    reflect_type: L["odd", "even"] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def pad(
+    array: ArrayLike,
+    pad_width: _ArrayLikeInt,
+    mode: _ModeKind = ...,
+    *,
+    stat_length: None | _ArrayLikeInt = ...,
+    constant_values: ArrayLike = ...,
+    end_values: ArrayLike = ...,
+    reflect_type: L["odd", "even"] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def pad(
+    array: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    pad_width: _ArrayLikeInt,
+    mode: _ModeFunc,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def pad(
+    array: ArrayLike,
+    pad_width: _ArrayLikeInt,
+    mode: _ModeFunc,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraysetops.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraysetops.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..300bbda26ceb547752857e26a5871fa802ca6a6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraysetops.py
@@ -0,0 +1,981 @@
+"""
+Set operations for arrays based on sorting.
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+For floating point arrays, inaccurate results may appear due to usual round-off
+and floating point comparison issues.
+
+Speed could be gained in some operations by an implementation of
+`numpy.sort`, that can provide directly the permutation vectors, thus avoiding
+calls to `numpy.argsort`.
+
+Original author: Robert Cimrman
+
+"""
+import functools
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core import overrides
+
+
+array_function_dispatch = functools.partial(
+    overrides.array_function_dispatch, module='numpy')
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'ediff1d', 'intersect1d', 'setxor1d', 'union1d', 'setdiff1d', 'unique',
+    'in1d', 'isin'
+    ]
+
+
+def _ediff1d_dispatcher(ary, to_end=None, to_begin=None):
+    return (ary, to_end, to_begin)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_ediff1d_dispatcher)
+def ediff1d(ary, to_end=None, to_begin=None):
+    """
+    The differences between consecutive elements of an array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ary : array_like
+        If necessary, will be flattened before the differences are taken.
+    to_end : array_like, optional
+        Number(s) to append at the end of the returned differences.
+    to_begin : array_like, optional
+        Number(s) to prepend at the beginning of the returned differences.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ediff1d : ndarray
+        The differences. Loosely, this is ``ary.flat[1:] - ary.flat[:-1]``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    diff, gradient
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    When applied to masked arrays, this function drops the mask information
+    if the `to_begin` and/or `to_end` parameters are used.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.array([1, 2, 4, 7, 0])
+    >>> np.ediff1d(x)
+    array([ 1,  2,  3, -7])
+
+    >>> np.ediff1d(x, to_begin=-99, to_end=np.array([88, 99]))
+    array([-99,   1,   2, ...,  -7,  88,  99])
+
+    The returned array is always 1D.
+
+    >>> y = [[1, 2, 4], [1, 6, 24]]
+    >>> np.ediff1d(y)
+    array([ 1,  2, -3,  5, 18])
+
+    """
+    # force a 1d array
+    ary = np.asanyarray(ary).ravel()
+
+    # enforce that the dtype of `ary` is used for the output
+    dtype_req = ary.dtype
+
+    # fast track default case
+    if to_begin is None and to_end is None:
+        return ary[1:] - ary[:-1]
+
+    if to_begin is None:
+        l_begin = 0
+    else:
+        to_begin = np.asanyarray(to_begin)
+        if not np.can_cast(to_begin, dtype_req, casting="same_kind"):
+            raise TypeError("dtype of `to_begin` must be compatible "
+                            "with input `ary` under the `same_kind` rule.")
+
+        to_begin = to_begin.ravel()
+        l_begin = len(to_begin)
+
+    if to_end is None:
+        l_end = 0
+    else:
+        to_end = np.asanyarray(to_end)
+        if not np.can_cast(to_end, dtype_req, casting="same_kind"):
+            raise TypeError("dtype of `to_end` must be compatible "
+                            "with input `ary` under the `same_kind` rule.")
+
+        to_end = to_end.ravel()
+        l_end = len(to_end)
+
+    # do the calculation in place and copy to_begin and to_end
+    l_diff = max(len(ary) - 1, 0)
+    result = np.empty(l_diff + l_begin + l_end, dtype=ary.dtype)
+    result = ary.__array_wrap__(result)
+    if l_begin > 0:
+        result[:l_begin] = to_begin
+    if l_end > 0:
+        result[l_begin + l_diff:] = to_end
+    np.subtract(ary[1:], ary[:-1], result[l_begin:l_begin + l_diff])
+    return result
+
+
+def _unpack_tuple(x):
+    """ Unpacks one-element tuples for use as return values """
+    if len(x) == 1:
+        return x[0]
+    else:
+        return x
+
+
+def _unique_dispatcher(ar, return_index=None, return_inverse=None,
+                       return_counts=None, axis=None, *, equal_nan=None):
+    return (ar,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unique_dispatcher)
+def unique(ar, return_index=False, return_inverse=False,
+           return_counts=False, axis=None, *, equal_nan=True):
+    """
+    Find the unique elements of an array.
+
+    Returns the sorted unique elements of an array. There are three optional
+    outputs in addition to the unique elements:
+
+    * the indices of the input array that give the unique values
+    * the indices of the unique array that reconstruct the input array
+    * the number of times each unique value comes up in the input array
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ar : array_like
+        Input array. Unless `axis` is specified, this will be flattened if it
+        is not already 1-D.
+    return_index : bool, optional
+        If True, also return the indices of `ar` (along the specified axis,
+        if provided, or in the flattened array) that result in the unique array.
+    return_inverse : bool, optional
+        If True, also return the indices of the unique array (for the specified
+        axis, if provided) that can be used to reconstruct `ar`.
+    return_counts : bool, optional
+        If True, also return the number of times each unique item appears
+        in `ar`.
+    axis : int or None, optional
+        The axis to operate on. If None, `ar` will be flattened. If an integer,
+        the subarrays indexed by the given axis will be flattened and treated
+        as the elements of a 1-D array with the dimension of the given axis,
+        see the notes for more details.  Object arrays or structured arrays
+        that contain objects are not supported if the `axis` kwarg is used. The
+        default is None.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.13.0
+
+    equal_nan : bool, optional
+        If True, collapses multiple NaN values in the return array into one.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.24
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    unique : ndarray
+        The sorted unique values.
+    unique_indices : ndarray, optional
+        The indices of the first occurrences of the unique values in the
+        original array. Only provided if `return_index` is True.
+    unique_inverse : ndarray, optional
+        The indices to reconstruct the original array from the
+        unique array. Only provided if `return_inverse` is True.
+    unique_counts : ndarray, optional
+        The number of times each of the unique values comes up in the
+        original array. Only provided if `return_counts` is True.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for
+                            performing set operations on arrays.
+    repeat : Repeat elements of an array.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    When an axis is specified the subarrays indexed by the axis are sorted.
+    This is done by making the specified axis the first dimension of the array
+    (move the axis to the first dimension to keep the order of the other axes)
+    and then flattening the subarrays in C order. The flattened subarrays are
+    then viewed as a structured type with each element given a label, with the
+    effect that we end up with a 1-D array of structured types that can be
+    treated in the same way as any other 1-D array. The result is that the
+    flattened subarrays are sorted in lexicographic order starting with the
+    first element.
+
+    .. versionchanged: NumPy 1.21
+        If nan values are in the input array, a single nan is put
+        to the end of the sorted unique values.
+
+        Also for complex arrays all NaN values are considered equivalent
+        (no matter whether the NaN is in the real or imaginary part).
+        As the representant for the returned array the smallest one in the
+        lexicographical order is chosen - see np.sort for how the lexicographical
+        order is defined for complex arrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.unique([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3])
+    array([1, 2, 3])
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 1], [2, 3]])
+    >>> np.unique(a)
+    array([1, 2, 3])
+
+    Return the unique rows of a 2D array
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [2, 3, 4]])
+    >>> np.unique(a, axis=0)
+    array([[1, 0, 0], [2, 3, 4]])
+
+    Return the indices of the original array that give the unique values:
+
+    >>> a = np.array(['a', 'b', 'b', 'c', 'a'])
+    >>> u, indices = np.unique(a, return_index=True)
+    >>> u
+    array(['a', 'b', 'c'], dtype='>> indices
+    array([0, 1, 3])
+    >>> a[indices]
+    array(['a', 'b', 'c'], dtype='>> a = np.array([1, 2, 6, 4, 2, 3, 2])
+    >>> u, indices = np.unique(a, return_inverse=True)
+    >>> u
+    array([1, 2, 3, 4, 6])
+    >>> indices
+    array([0, 1, 4, 3, 1, 2, 1])
+    >>> u[indices]
+    array([1, 2, 6, 4, 2, 3, 2])
+
+    Reconstruct the input values from the unique values and counts:
+
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 6, 4, 2, 3, 2])
+    >>> values, counts = np.unique(a, return_counts=True)
+    >>> values
+    array([1, 2, 3, 4, 6])
+    >>> counts
+    array([1, 3, 1, 1, 1])
+    >>> np.repeat(values, counts)
+    array([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6])    # original order not preserved
+
+    """
+    ar = np.asanyarray(ar)
+    if axis is None:
+        ret = _unique1d(ar, return_index, return_inverse, return_counts, 
+                        equal_nan=equal_nan)
+        return _unpack_tuple(ret)
+
+    # axis was specified and not None
+    try:
+        ar = np.moveaxis(ar, axis, 0)
+    except np.AxisError:
+        # this removes the "axis1" or "axis2" prefix from the error message
+        raise np.AxisError(axis, ar.ndim) from None
+
+    # Must reshape to a contiguous 2D array for this to work...
+    orig_shape, orig_dtype = ar.shape, ar.dtype
+    ar = ar.reshape(orig_shape[0], np.prod(orig_shape[1:], dtype=np.intp))
+    ar = np.ascontiguousarray(ar)
+    dtype = [('f{i}'.format(i=i), ar.dtype) for i in range(ar.shape[1])]
+
+    # At this point, `ar` has shape `(n, m)`, and `dtype` is a structured
+    # data type with `m` fields where each field has the data type of `ar`.
+    # In the following, we create the array `consolidated`, which has
+    # shape `(n,)` with data type `dtype`.
+    try:
+        if ar.shape[1] > 0:
+            consolidated = ar.view(dtype)
+        else:
+            # If ar.shape[1] == 0, then dtype will be `np.dtype([])`, which is
+            # a data type with itemsize 0, and the call `ar.view(dtype)` will
+            # fail.  Instead, we'll use `np.empty` to explicitly create the
+            # array with shape `(len(ar),)`.  Because `dtype` in this case has
+            # itemsize 0, the total size of the result is still 0 bytes.
+            consolidated = np.empty(len(ar), dtype=dtype)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        # There's no good way to do this for object arrays, etc...
+        msg = 'The axis argument to unique is not supported for dtype {dt}'
+        raise TypeError(msg.format(dt=ar.dtype)) from e
+
+    def reshape_uniq(uniq):
+        n = len(uniq)
+        uniq = uniq.view(orig_dtype)
+        uniq = uniq.reshape(n, *orig_shape[1:])
+        uniq = np.moveaxis(uniq, 0, axis)
+        return uniq
+
+    output = _unique1d(consolidated, return_index,
+                       return_inverse, return_counts, equal_nan=equal_nan)
+    output = (reshape_uniq(output[0]),) + output[1:]
+    return _unpack_tuple(output)
+
+
+def _unique1d(ar, return_index=False, return_inverse=False,
+              return_counts=False, *, equal_nan=True):
+    """
+    Find the unique elements of an array, ignoring shape.
+    """
+    ar = np.asanyarray(ar).flatten()
+
+    optional_indices = return_index or return_inverse
+
+    if optional_indices:
+        perm = ar.argsort(kind='mergesort' if return_index else 'quicksort')
+        aux = ar[perm]
+    else:
+        ar.sort()
+        aux = ar
+    mask = np.empty(aux.shape, dtype=np.bool_)
+    mask[:1] = True
+    if (equal_nan and aux.shape[0] > 0 and aux.dtype.kind in "cfmM" and
+            np.isnan(aux[-1])):
+        if aux.dtype.kind == "c":  # for complex all NaNs are considered equivalent
+            aux_firstnan = np.searchsorted(np.isnan(aux), True, side='left')
+        else:
+            aux_firstnan = np.searchsorted(aux, aux[-1], side='left')
+        if aux_firstnan > 0:
+            mask[1:aux_firstnan] = (
+                aux[1:aux_firstnan] != aux[:aux_firstnan - 1])
+        mask[aux_firstnan] = True
+        mask[aux_firstnan + 1:] = False
+    else:
+        mask[1:] = aux[1:] != aux[:-1]
+
+    ret = (aux[mask],)
+    if return_index:
+        ret += (perm[mask],)
+    if return_inverse:
+        imask = np.cumsum(mask) - 1
+        inv_idx = np.empty(mask.shape, dtype=np.intp)
+        inv_idx[perm] = imask
+        ret += (inv_idx,)
+    if return_counts:
+        idx = np.concatenate(np.nonzero(mask) + ([mask.size],))
+        ret += (np.diff(idx),)
+    return ret
+
+
+def _intersect1d_dispatcher(
+        ar1, ar2, assume_unique=None, return_indices=None):
+    return (ar1, ar2)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_intersect1d_dispatcher)
+def intersect1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=False, return_indices=False):
+    """
+    Find the intersection of two arrays.
+
+    Return the sorted, unique values that are in both of the input arrays.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ar1, ar2 : array_like
+        Input arrays. Will be flattened if not already 1D.
+    assume_unique : bool
+        If True, the input arrays are both assumed to be unique, which
+        can speed up the calculation.  If True but ``ar1`` or ``ar2`` are not
+        unique, incorrect results and out-of-bounds indices could result.
+        Default is False.
+    return_indices : bool
+        If True, the indices which correspond to the intersection of the two
+        arrays are returned. The first instance of a value is used if there are
+        multiple. Default is False.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.15.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    intersect1d : ndarray
+        Sorted 1D array of common and unique elements.
+    comm1 : ndarray
+        The indices of the first occurrences of the common values in `ar1`.
+        Only provided if `return_indices` is True.
+    comm2 : ndarray
+        The indices of the first occurrences of the common values in `ar2`.
+        Only provided if `return_indices` is True.
+
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for
+                            performing set operations on arrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.intersect1d([1, 3, 4, 3], [3, 1, 2, 1])
+    array([1, 3])
+
+    To intersect more than two arrays, use functools.reduce:
+
+    >>> from functools import reduce
+    >>> reduce(np.intersect1d, ([1, 3, 4, 3], [3, 1, 2, 1], [6, 3, 4, 2]))
+    array([3])
+
+    To return the indices of the values common to the input arrays
+    along with the intersected values:
+
+    >>> x = np.array([1, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+    >>> y = np.array([2, 1, 4, 6])
+    >>> xy, x_ind, y_ind = np.intersect1d(x, y, return_indices=True)
+    >>> x_ind, y_ind
+    (array([0, 2, 4]), array([1, 0, 2]))
+    >>> xy, x[x_ind], y[y_ind]
+    (array([1, 2, 4]), array([1, 2, 4]), array([1, 2, 4]))
+
+    """
+    ar1 = np.asanyarray(ar1)
+    ar2 = np.asanyarray(ar2)
+
+    if not assume_unique:
+        if return_indices:
+            ar1, ind1 = unique(ar1, return_index=True)
+            ar2, ind2 = unique(ar2, return_index=True)
+        else:
+            ar1 = unique(ar1)
+            ar2 = unique(ar2)
+    else:
+        ar1 = ar1.ravel()
+        ar2 = ar2.ravel()
+
+    aux = np.concatenate((ar1, ar2))
+    if return_indices:
+        aux_sort_indices = np.argsort(aux, kind='mergesort')
+        aux = aux[aux_sort_indices]
+    else:
+        aux.sort()
+
+    mask = aux[1:] == aux[:-1]
+    int1d = aux[:-1][mask]
+
+    if return_indices:
+        ar1_indices = aux_sort_indices[:-1][mask]
+        ar2_indices = aux_sort_indices[1:][mask] - ar1.size
+        if not assume_unique:
+            ar1_indices = ind1[ar1_indices]
+            ar2_indices = ind2[ar2_indices]
+
+        return int1d, ar1_indices, ar2_indices
+    else:
+        return int1d
+
+
+def _setxor1d_dispatcher(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=None):
+    return (ar1, ar2)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_setxor1d_dispatcher)
+def setxor1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=False):
+    """
+    Find the set exclusive-or of two arrays.
+
+    Return the sorted, unique values that are in only one (not both) of the
+    input arrays.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ar1, ar2 : array_like
+        Input arrays.
+    assume_unique : bool
+        If True, the input arrays are both assumed to be unique, which
+        can speed up the calculation.  Default is False.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    setxor1d : ndarray
+        Sorted 1D array of unique values that are in only one of the input
+        arrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
+    >>> b = np.array([2, 3, 5, 7, 5])
+    >>> np.setxor1d(a,b)
+    array([1, 4, 5, 7])
+
+    """
+    if not assume_unique:
+        ar1 = unique(ar1)
+        ar2 = unique(ar2)
+
+    aux = np.concatenate((ar1, ar2))
+    if aux.size == 0:
+        return aux
+
+    aux.sort()
+    flag = np.concatenate(([True], aux[1:] != aux[:-1], [True]))
+    return aux[flag[1:] & flag[:-1]]
+
+
+def _in1d_dispatcher(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=None, invert=None, *,
+                     kind=None):
+    return (ar1, ar2)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_in1d_dispatcher)
+def in1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=False, invert=False, *, kind=None):
+    """
+    Test whether each element of a 1-D array is also present in a second array.
+
+    Returns a boolean array the same length as `ar1` that is True
+    where an element of `ar1` is in `ar2` and False otherwise.
+
+    We recommend using :func:`isin` instead of `in1d` for new code.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ar1 : (M,) array_like
+        Input array.
+    ar2 : array_like
+        The values against which to test each value of `ar1`.
+    assume_unique : bool, optional
+        If True, the input arrays are both assumed to be unique, which
+        can speed up the calculation.  Default is False.
+    invert : bool, optional
+        If True, the values in the returned array are inverted (that is,
+        False where an element of `ar1` is in `ar2` and True otherwise).
+        Default is False. ``np.in1d(a, b, invert=True)`` is equivalent
+        to (but is faster than) ``np.invert(in1d(a, b))``.
+    kind : {None, 'sort', 'table'}, optional
+        The algorithm to use. This will not affect the final result,
+        but will affect the speed and memory use. The default, None,
+        will select automatically based on memory considerations.
+
+        * If 'sort', will use a mergesort-based approach. This will have
+          a memory usage of roughly 6 times the sum of the sizes of
+          `ar1` and `ar2`, not accounting for size of dtypes.
+        * If 'table', will use a lookup table approach similar
+          to a counting sort. This is only available for boolean and
+          integer arrays. This will have a memory usage of the
+          size of `ar1` plus the max-min value of `ar2`. `assume_unique`
+          has no effect when the 'table' option is used.
+        * If None, will automatically choose 'table' if
+          the required memory allocation is less than or equal to
+          6 times the sum of the sizes of `ar1` and `ar2`,
+          otherwise will use 'sort'. This is done to not use
+          a large amount of memory by default, even though
+          'table' may be faster in most cases. If 'table' is chosen,
+          `assume_unique` will have no effect.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    in1d : (M,) ndarray, bool
+        The values `ar1[in1d]` are in `ar2`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    isin                  : Version of this function that preserves the
+                            shape of ar1.
+    numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for
+                            performing set operations on arrays.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    `in1d` can be considered as an element-wise function version of the
+    python keyword `in`, for 1-D sequences. ``in1d(a, b)`` is roughly
+    equivalent to ``np.array([item in b for item in a])``.
+    However, this idea fails if `ar2` is a set, or similar (non-sequence)
+    container:  As ``ar2`` is converted to an array, in those cases
+    ``asarray(ar2)`` is an object array rather than the expected array of
+    contained values.
+
+    Using ``kind='table'`` tends to be faster than `kind='sort'` if the
+    following relationship is true:
+    ``log10(len(ar2)) > (log10(max(ar2)-min(ar2)) - 2.27) / 0.927``,
+    but may use greater memory. The default value for `kind` will
+    be automatically selected based only on memory usage, so one may
+    manually set ``kind='table'`` if memory constraints can be relaxed.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> test = np.array([0, 1, 2, 5, 0])
+    >>> states = [0, 2]
+    >>> mask = np.in1d(test, states)
+    >>> mask
+    array([ True, False,  True, False,  True])
+    >>> test[mask]
+    array([0, 2, 0])
+    >>> mask = np.in1d(test, states, invert=True)
+    >>> mask
+    array([False,  True, False,  True, False])
+    >>> test[mask]
+    array([1, 5])
+    """
+    # Ravel both arrays, behavior for the first array could be different
+    ar1 = np.asarray(ar1).ravel()
+    ar2 = np.asarray(ar2).ravel()
+
+    # Ensure that iteration through object arrays yields size-1 arrays
+    if ar2.dtype == object:
+        ar2 = ar2.reshape(-1, 1)
+
+    if kind not in {None, 'sort', 'table'}:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Invalid kind: '{kind}'. Please use None, 'sort' or 'table'.")
+
+    # Can use the table method if all arrays are integers or boolean:
+    is_int_arrays = all(ar.dtype.kind in ("u", "i", "b") for ar in (ar1, ar2))
+    use_table_method = is_int_arrays and kind in {None, 'table'}
+
+    if use_table_method:
+        if ar2.size == 0:
+            if invert:
+                return np.ones_like(ar1, dtype=bool)
+            else:
+                return np.zeros_like(ar1, dtype=bool)
+
+        # Convert booleans to uint8 so we can use the fast integer algorithm
+        if ar1.dtype == bool:
+            ar1 = ar1.astype(np.uint8)
+        if ar2.dtype == bool:
+            ar2 = ar2.astype(np.uint8)
+
+        ar2_min = np.min(ar2)
+        ar2_max = np.max(ar2)
+
+        ar2_range = int(ar2_max) - int(ar2_min)
+
+        # Constraints on whether we can actually use the table method:
+        #  1. Assert memory usage is not too large
+        below_memory_constraint = ar2_range <= 6 * (ar1.size + ar2.size)
+        #  2. Check overflows for (ar2 - ar2_min); dtype=ar2.dtype
+        range_safe_from_overflow = ar2_range <= np.iinfo(ar2.dtype).max
+        #  3. Check overflows for (ar1 - ar2_min); dtype=ar1.dtype
+        if ar1.size > 0:
+            ar1_min = np.min(ar1)
+            ar1_max = np.max(ar1)
+
+            # After masking, the range of ar1 is guaranteed to be
+            # within the range of ar2:
+            ar1_upper = min(int(ar1_max), int(ar2_max))
+            ar1_lower = max(int(ar1_min), int(ar2_min))
+
+            range_safe_from_overflow &= all((
+                ar1_upper - int(ar2_min) <= np.iinfo(ar1.dtype).max,
+                ar1_lower - int(ar2_min) >= np.iinfo(ar1.dtype).min
+            ))
+
+        # Optimal performance is for approximately
+        # log10(size) > (log10(range) - 2.27) / 0.927.
+        # However, here we set the requirement that by default
+        # the intermediate array can only be 6x
+        # the combined memory allocation of the original
+        # arrays. See discussion on 
+        # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/12065.
+
+        if (
+            range_safe_from_overflow and 
+            (below_memory_constraint or kind == 'table')
+        ):
+
+            if invert:
+                outgoing_array = np.ones_like(ar1, dtype=bool)
+            else:
+                outgoing_array = np.zeros_like(ar1, dtype=bool)
+
+            # Make elements 1 where the integer exists in ar2
+            if invert:
+                isin_helper_ar = np.ones(ar2_range + 1, dtype=bool)
+                isin_helper_ar[ar2 - ar2_min] = 0
+            else:
+                isin_helper_ar = np.zeros(ar2_range + 1, dtype=bool)
+                isin_helper_ar[ar2 - ar2_min] = 1
+
+            # Mask out elements we know won't work
+            basic_mask = (ar1 <= ar2_max) & (ar1 >= ar2_min)
+            outgoing_array[basic_mask] = isin_helper_ar[ar1[basic_mask] -
+                                                        ar2_min]
+
+            return outgoing_array
+        elif kind == 'table':  # not range_safe_from_overflow
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "You have specified kind='table', "
+                "but the range of values in `ar2` or `ar1` exceed the "
+                "maximum integer of the datatype. "
+                "Please set `kind` to None or 'sort'."
+            )
+    elif kind == 'table':
+        raise ValueError(
+            "The 'table' method is only "
+            "supported for boolean or integer arrays. "
+            "Please select 'sort' or None for kind."
+        )
+
+
+    # Check if one of the arrays may contain arbitrary objects
+    contains_object = ar1.dtype.hasobject or ar2.dtype.hasobject
+
+    # This code is run when
+    # a) the first condition is true, making the code significantly faster
+    # b) the second condition is true (i.e. `ar1` or `ar2` may contain
+    #    arbitrary objects), since then sorting is not guaranteed to work
+    if len(ar2) < 10 * len(ar1) ** 0.145 or contains_object:
+        if invert:
+            mask = np.ones(len(ar1), dtype=bool)
+            for a in ar2:
+                mask &= (ar1 != a)
+        else:
+            mask = np.zeros(len(ar1), dtype=bool)
+            for a in ar2:
+                mask |= (ar1 == a)
+        return mask
+
+    # Otherwise use sorting
+    if not assume_unique:
+        ar1, rev_idx = np.unique(ar1, return_inverse=True)
+        ar2 = np.unique(ar2)
+
+    ar = np.concatenate((ar1, ar2))
+    # We need this to be a stable sort, so always use 'mergesort'
+    # here. The values from the first array should always come before
+    # the values from the second array.
+    order = ar.argsort(kind='mergesort')
+    sar = ar[order]
+    if invert:
+        bool_ar = (sar[1:] != sar[:-1])
+    else:
+        bool_ar = (sar[1:] == sar[:-1])
+    flag = np.concatenate((bool_ar, [invert]))
+    ret = np.empty(ar.shape, dtype=bool)
+    ret[order] = flag
+
+    if assume_unique:
+        return ret[:len(ar1)]
+    else:
+        return ret[rev_idx]
+
+
+def _isin_dispatcher(element, test_elements, assume_unique=None, invert=None,
+                     *, kind=None):
+    return (element, test_elements)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_isin_dispatcher)
+def isin(element, test_elements, assume_unique=False, invert=False, *,
+         kind=None):
+    """
+    Calculates ``element in test_elements``, broadcasting over `element` only.
+    Returns a boolean array of the same shape as `element` that is True
+    where an element of `element` is in `test_elements` and False otherwise.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    element : array_like
+        Input array.
+    test_elements : array_like
+        The values against which to test each value of `element`.
+        This argument is flattened if it is an array or array_like.
+        See notes for behavior with non-array-like parameters.
+    assume_unique : bool, optional
+        If True, the input arrays are both assumed to be unique, which
+        can speed up the calculation.  Default is False.
+    invert : bool, optional
+        If True, the values in the returned array are inverted, as if
+        calculating `element not in test_elements`. Default is False.
+        ``np.isin(a, b, invert=True)`` is equivalent to (but faster
+        than) ``np.invert(np.isin(a, b))``.
+    kind : {None, 'sort', 'table'}, optional
+        The algorithm to use. This will not affect the final result,
+        but will affect the speed and memory use. The default, None,
+        will select automatically based on memory considerations.
+
+        * If 'sort', will use a mergesort-based approach. This will have
+          a memory usage of roughly 6 times the sum of the sizes of
+          `ar1` and `ar2`, not accounting for size of dtypes.
+        * If 'table', will use a lookup table approach similar
+          to a counting sort. This is only available for boolean and
+          integer arrays. This will have a memory usage of the
+          size of `ar1` plus the max-min value of `ar2`. `assume_unique`
+          has no effect when the 'table' option is used.
+        * If None, will automatically choose 'table' if
+          the required memory allocation is less than or equal to
+          6 times the sum of the sizes of `ar1` and `ar2`,
+          otherwise will use 'sort'. This is done to not use
+          a large amount of memory by default, even though
+          'table' may be faster in most cases. If 'table' is chosen,
+          `assume_unique` will have no effect.
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    isin : ndarray, bool
+        Has the same shape as `element`. The values `element[isin]`
+        are in `test_elements`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    in1d                  : Flattened version of this function.
+    numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for
+                            performing set operations on arrays.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    `isin` is an element-wise function version of the python keyword `in`.
+    ``isin(a, b)`` is roughly equivalent to
+    ``np.array([item in b for item in a])`` if `a` and `b` are 1-D sequences.
+
+    `element` and `test_elements` are converted to arrays if they are not
+    already. If `test_elements` is a set (or other non-sequence collection)
+    it will be converted to an object array with one element, rather than an
+    array of the values contained in `test_elements`. This is a consequence
+    of the `array` constructor's way of handling non-sequence collections.
+    Converting the set to a list usually gives the desired behavior.
+
+    Using ``kind='table'`` tends to be faster than `kind='sort'` if the
+    following relationship is true:
+    ``log10(len(ar2)) > (log10(max(ar2)-min(ar2)) - 2.27) / 0.927``,
+    but may use greater memory. The default value for `kind` will
+    be automatically selected based only on memory usage, so one may
+    manually set ``kind='table'`` if memory constraints can be relaxed.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.13.0
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> element = 2*np.arange(4).reshape((2, 2))
+    >>> element
+    array([[0, 2],
+           [4, 6]])
+    >>> test_elements = [1, 2, 4, 8]
+    >>> mask = np.isin(element, test_elements)
+    >>> mask
+    array([[False,  True],
+           [ True, False]])
+    >>> element[mask]
+    array([2, 4])
+
+    The indices of the matched values can be obtained with `nonzero`:
+
+    >>> np.nonzero(mask)
+    (array([0, 1]), array([1, 0]))
+
+    The test can also be inverted:
+
+    >>> mask = np.isin(element, test_elements, invert=True)
+    >>> mask
+    array([[ True, False],
+           [False,  True]])
+    >>> element[mask]
+    array([0, 6])
+
+    Because of how `array` handles sets, the following does not
+    work as expected:
+
+    >>> test_set = {1, 2, 4, 8}
+    >>> np.isin(element, test_set)
+    array([[False, False],
+           [False, False]])
+
+    Casting the set to a list gives the expected result:
+
+    >>> np.isin(element, list(test_set))
+    array([[False,  True],
+           [ True, False]])
+    """
+    element = np.asarray(element)
+    return in1d(element, test_elements, assume_unique=assume_unique,
+                invert=invert, kind=kind).reshape(element.shape)
+
+
+def _union1d_dispatcher(ar1, ar2):
+    return (ar1, ar2)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_union1d_dispatcher)
+def union1d(ar1, ar2):
+    """
+    Find the union of two arrays.
+
+    Return the unique, sorted array of values that are in either of the two
+    input arrays.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ar1, ar2 : array_like
+        Input arrays. They are flattened if they are not already 1D.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    union1d : ndarray
+        Unique, sorted union of the input arrays.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for
+                            performing set operations on arrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.union1d([-1, 0, 1], [-2, 0, 2])
+    array([-2, -1,  0,  1,  2])
+
+    To find the union of more than two arrays, use functools.reduce:
+
+    >>> from functools import reduce
+    >>> reduce(np.union1d, ([1, 3, 4, 3], [3, 1, 2, 1], [6, 3, 4, 2]))
+    array([1, 2, 3, 4, 6])
+    """
+    return unique(np.concatenate((ar1, ar2), axis=None))
+
+
+def _setdiff1d_dispatcher(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=None):
+    return (ar1, ar2)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_setdiff1d_dispatcher)
+def setdiff1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=False):
+    """
+    Find the set difference of two arrays.
+
+    Return the unique values in `ar1` that are not in `ar2`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ar1 : array_like
+        Input array.
+    ar2 : array_like
+        Input comparison array.
+    assume_unique : bool
+        If True, the input arrays are both assumed to be unique, which
+        can speed up the calculation.  Default is False.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    setdiff1d : ndarray
+        1D array of values in `ar1` that are not in `ar2`. The result
+        is sorted when `assume_unique=False`, but otherwise only sorted
+        if the input is sorted.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.lib.arraysetops : Module with a number of other functions for
+                            performing set operations on arrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 1])
+    >>> b = np.array([3, 4, 5, 6])
+    >>> np.setdiff1d(a, b)
+    array([1, 2])
+
+    """
+    if assume_unique:
+        ar1 = np.asarray(ar1).ravel()
+    else:
+        ar1 = unique(ar1)
+        ar2 = unique(ar2)
+    return ar1[in1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=True, invert=True)]
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraysetops.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraysetops.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7075c334ea7dbcffa435bb1e271e721990132933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arraysetops.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+from typing import (
+    Literal as L,
+    Any,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
+    SupportsIndex,
+)
+
+from numpy import (
+    generic,
+    number,
+    bool_,
+    ushort,
+    ubyte,
+    uintc,
+    uint,
+    ulonglong,
+    short,
+    int8,
+    byte,
+    intc,
+    int_,
+    intp,
+    longlong,
+    half,
+    single,
+    double,
+    longdouble,
+    csingle,
+    cdouble,
+    clongdouble,
+    timedelta64,
+    datetime64,
+    object_,
+    str_,
+    bytes_,
+    void,
+)
+
+from numpy._typing import (
+    ArrayLike,
+    NDArray,
+    _ArrayLike,
+    _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+    _ArrayLikeDT64_co,
+    _ArrayLikeTD64_co,
+    _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    _ArrayLikeNumber_co,
+)
+
+_SCT = TypeVar("_SCT", bound=generic)
+_NumberType = TypeVar("_NumberType", bound=number[Any])
+
+# Explicitly set all allowed values to prevent accidental castings to
+# abstract dtypes (their common super-type).
+#
+# Only relevant if two or more arguments are parametrized, (e.g. `setdiff1d`)
+# which could result in, for example, `int64` and `float64`producing a
+# `number[_64Bit]` array
+_SCTNoCast = TypeVar(
+    "_SCTNoCast",
+    bool_,
+    ushort,
+    ubyte,
+    uintc,
+    uint,
+    ulonglong,
+    short,
+    byte,
+    intc,
+    int_,
+    longlong,
+    half,
+    single,
+    double,
+    longdouble,
+    csingle,
+    cdouble,
+    clongdouble,
+    timedelta64,
+    datetime64,
+    object_,
+    str_,
+    bytes_,
+    void,
+)
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+@overload
+def ediff1d(
+    ary: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+    to_end: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    to_begin: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+) -> NDArray[int8]: ...
+@overload
+def ediff1d(
+    ary: _ArrayLike[_NumberType],
+    to_end: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    to_begin: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_NumberType]: ...
+@overload
+def ediff1d(
+    ary: _ArrayLikeNumber_co,
+    to_end: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    to_begin: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def ediff1d(
+    ary: _ArrayLikeDT64_co | _ArrayLikeTD64_co,
+    to_end: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    to_begin: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+) -> NDArray[timedelta64]: ...
+@overload
+def ediff1d(
+    ary: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    to_end: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    to_begin: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    return_index: L[False] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[False] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[False] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: ArrayLike,
+    return_index: L[False] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[False] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[False] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    return_index: L[True] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[False] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[False] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[_SCT], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: ArrayLike,
+    return_index: L[True] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[False] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[False] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    return_index: L[False] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[True] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[False] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[_SCT], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: ArrayLike,
+    return_index: L[False] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[True] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[False] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    return_index: L[False] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[False] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[True] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[_SCT], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: ArrayLike,
+    return_index: L[False] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[False] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[True] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    return_index: L[True] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[True] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[False] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[_SCT], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: ArrayLike,
+    return_index: L[True] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[True] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[False] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    return_index: L[True] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[False] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[True] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[_SCT], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: ArrayLike,
+    return_index: L[True] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[False] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[True] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    return_index: L[False] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[True] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[True] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[_SCT], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: ArrayLike,
+    return_index: L[False] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[True] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[True] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    return_index: L[True] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[True] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[True] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[_SCT], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def unique(
+    ar: ArrayLike,
+    return_index: L[True] = ...,
+    return_inverse: L[True] = ...,
+    return_counts: L[True] = ...,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    equal_nan: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def intersect1d(
+    ar1: _ArrayLike[_SCTNoCast],
+    ar2: _ArrayLike[_SCTNoCast],
+    assume_unique: bool = ...,
+    return_indices: L[False] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCTNoCast]: ...
+@overload
+def intersect1d(
+    ar1: ArrayLike,
+    ar2: ArrayLike,
+    assume_unique: bool = ...,
+    return_indices: L[False] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def intersect1d(
+    ar1: _ArrayLike[_SCTNoCast],
+    ar2: _ArrayLike[_SCTNoCast],
+    assume_unique: bool = ...,
+    return_indices: L[True] = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[_SCTNoCast], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def intersect1d(
+    ar1: ArrayLike,
+    ar2: ArrayLike,
+    assume_unique: bool = ...,
+    return_indices: L[True] = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def setxor1d(
+    ar1: _ArrayLike[_SCTNoCast],
+    ar2: _ArrayLike[_SCTNoCast],
+    assume_unique: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCTNoCast]: ...
+@overload
+def setxor1d(
+    ar1: ArrayLike,
+    ar2: ArrayLike,
+    assume_unique: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+def in1d(
+    ar1: ArrayLike,
+    ar2: ArrayLike,
+    assume_unique: bool = ...,
+    invert: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[bool_]: ...
+
+def isin(
+    element: ArrayLike,
+    test_elements: ArrayLike,
+    assume_unique: bool = ...,
+    invert: bool = ...,
+    *,
+    kind: None | str = ...,
+) -> NDArray[bool_]: ...
+
+@overload
+def union1d(
+    ar1: _ArrayLike[_SCTNoCast],
+    ar2: _ArrayLike[_SCTNoCast],
+) -> NDArray[_SCTNoCast]: ...
+@overload
+def union1d(
+    ar1: ArrayLike,
+    ar2: ArrayLike,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def setdiff1d(
+    ar1: _ArrayLike[_SCTNoCast],
+    ar2: _ArrayLike[_SCTNoCast],
+    assume_unique: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCTNoCast]: ...
+@overload
+def setdiff1d(
+    ar1: ArrayLike,
+    ar2: ArrayLike,
+    assume_unique: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arrayterator.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arrayterator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9ea21f8e49f60461416962fc6e2a2ca625c04cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arrayterator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+"""
+A buffered iterator for big arrays.
+
+This module solves the problem of iterating over a big file-based array
+without having to read it into memory. The `Arrayterator` class wraps
+an array object, and when iterated it will return sub-arrays with at most
+a user-specified number of elements.
+
+"""
+from operator import mul
+from functools import reduce
+
+__all__ = ['Arrayterator']
+
+
+class Arrayterator:
+    """
+    Buffered iterator for big arrays.
+
+    `Arrayterator` creates a buffered iterator for reading big arrays in small
+    contiguous blocks. The class is useful for objects stored in the
+    file system. It allows iteration over the object *without* reading
+    everything in memory; instead, small blocks are read and iterated over.
+
+    `Arrayterator` can be used with any object that supports multidimensional
+    slices. This includes NumPy arrays, but also variables from
+    Scientific.IO.NetCDF or pynetcdf for example.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    var : array_like
+        The object to iterate over.
+    buf_size : int, optional
+        The buffer size. If `buf_size` is supplied, the maximum amount of
+        data that will be read into memory is `buf_size` elements.
+        Default is None, which will read as many element as possible
+        into memory.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    var
+    buf_size
+    start
+    stop
+    step
+    shape
+    flat
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    ndenumerate : Multidimensional array iterator.
+    flatiter : Flat array iterator.
+    memmap : Create a memory-map to an array stored in a binary file on disk.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The algorithm works by first finding a "running dimension", along which
+    the blocks will be extracted. Given an array of dimensions
+    ``(d1, d2, ..., dn)``, e.g. if `buf_size` is smaller than ``d1``, the
+    first dimension will be used. If, on the other hand,
+    ``d1 < buf_size < d1*d2`` the second dimension will be used, and so on.
+    Blocks are extracted along this dimension, and when the last block is
+    returned the process continues from the next dimension, until all
+    elements have been read.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.arange(3 * 4 * 5 * 6).reshape(3, 4, 5, 6)
+    >>> a_itor = np.lib.Arrayterator(a, 2)
+    >>> a_itor.shape
+    (3, 4, 5, 6)
+
+    Now we can iterate over ``a_itor``, and it will return arrays of size
+    two. Since `buf_size` was smaller than any dimension, the first
+    dimension will be iterated over first:
+
+    >>> for subarr in a_itor:
+    ...     if not subarr.all():
+    ...         print(subarr, subarr.shape) # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> # [[[[0 1]]]] (1, 1, 1, 2)
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, var, buf_size=None):
+        self.var = var
+        self.buf_size = buf_size
+
+        self.start = [0 for dim in var.shape]
+        self.stop = [dim for dim in var.shape]
+        self.step = [1 for dim in var.shape]
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        return getattr(self.var, attr)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        """
+        Return a new arrayterator.
+
+        """
+        # Fix index, handling ellipsis and incomplete slices.
+        if not isinstance(index, tuple):
+            index = (index,)
+        fixed = []
+        length, dims = len(index), self.ndim
+        for slice_ in index:
+            if slice_ is Ellipsis:
+                fixed.extend([slice(None)] * (dims-length+1))
+                length = len(fixed)
+            elif isinstance(slice_, int):
+                fixed.append(slice(slice_, slice_+1, 1))
+            else:
+                fixed.append(slice_)
+        index = tuple(fixed)
+        if len(index) < dims:
+            index += (slice(None),) * (dims-len(index))
+
+        # Return a new arrayterator object.
+        out = self.__class__(self.var, self.buf_size)
+        for i, (start, stop, step, slice_) in enumerate(
+                zip(self.start, self.stop, self.step, index)):
+            out.start[i] = start + (slice_.start or 0)
+            out.step[i] = step * (slice_.step or 1)
+            out.stop[i] = start + (slice_.stop or stop-start)
+            out.stop[i] = min(stop, out.stop[i])
+        return out
+
+    def __array__(self):
+        """
+        Return corresponding data.
+
+        """
+        slice_ = tuple(slice(*t) for t in zip(
+                self.start, self.stop, self.step))
+        return self.var[slice_]
+
+    @property
+    def flat(self):
+        """
+        A 1-D flat iterator for Arrayterator objects.
+
+        This iterator returns elements of the array to be iterated over in
+        `Arrayterator` one by one. It is similar to `flatiter`.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        Arrayterator
+        flatiter
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> a = np.arange(3 * 4 * 5 * 6).reshape(3, 4, 5, 6)
+        >>> a_itor = np.lib.Arrayterator(a, 2)
+
+        >>> for subarr in a_itor.flat:
+        ...     if not subarr:
+        ...         print(subarr, type(subarr))
+        ...
+        0 
+
+        """
+        for block in self:
+            yield from block.flat
+
+    @property
+    def shape(self):
+        """
+        The shape of the array to be iterated over.
+
+        For an example, see `Arrayterator`.
+
+        """
+        return tuple(((stop-start-1)//step+1) for start, stop, step in
+                zip(self.start, self.stop, self.step))
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        # Skip arrays with degenerate dimensions
+        if [dim for dim in self.shape if dim <= 0]:
+            return
+
+        start = self.start[:]
+        stop = self.stop[:]
+        step = self.step[:]
+        ndims = self.var.ndim
+
+        while True:
+            count = self.buf_size or reduce(mul, self.shape)
+
+            # iterate over each dimension, looking for the
+            # running dimension (ie, the dimension along which
+            # the blocks will be built from)
+            rundim = 0
+            for i in range(ndims-1, -1, -1):
+                # if count is zero we ran out of elements to read
+                # along higher dimensions, so we read only a single position
+                if count == 0:
+                    stop[i] = start[i]+1
+                elif count <= self.shape[i]:
+                    # limit along this dimension
+                    stop[i] = start[i] + count*step[i]
+                    rundim = i
+                else:
+                    # read everything along this dimension
+                    stop[i] = self.stop[i]
+                stop[i] = min(self.stop[i], stop[i])
+                count = count//self.shape[i]
+
+            # yield a block
+            slice_ = tuple(slice(*t) for t in zip(start, stop, step))
+            yield self.var[slice_]
+
+            # Update start position, taking care of overflow to
+            # other dimensions
+            start[rundim] = stop[rundim]  # start where we stopped
+            for i in range(ndims-1, 0, -1):
+                if start[i] >= self.stop[i]:
+                    start[i] = self.start[i]
+                    start[i-1] += self.step[i-1]
+            if start[0] >= self.stop[0]:
+                return
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arrayterator.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arrayterator.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa192fb7c40ffeaddc8b082d86755eb3722b8634
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/arrayterator.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from numpy import ndarray, dtype, generic
+from numpy._typing import DTypeLike
+
+# TODO: Set a shape bound once we've got proper shape support
+_Shape = TypeVar("_Shape", bound=Any)
+_DType = TypeVar("_DType", bound=dtype[Any])
+_ScalarType = TypeVar("_ScalarType", bound=generic)
+
+_Index = Union[
+    Union[ellipsis, int, slice],
+    tuple[Union[ellipsis, int, slice], ...],
+]
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+# NOTE: In reality `Arrayterator` does not actually inherit from `ndarray`,
+# but its ``__getattr__` method does wrap around the former and thus has
+# access to all its methods
+
+class Arrayterator(ndarray[_Shape, _DType]):
+    var: ndarray[_Shape, _DType]  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    buf_size: None | int
+    start: list[int]
+    stop: list[int]
+    step: list[int]
+
+    @property  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def shape(self) -> tuple[int, ...]: ...
+    @property
+    def flat(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self: ndarray[Any, dtype[_ScalarType]]
+    ) -> Generator[_ScalarType, None, None]: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self, var: ndarray[_Shape, _DType], buf_size: None | int = ...
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __array__(self, dtype: None = ...) -> ndarray[Any, _DType]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __array__(self, dtype: DTypeLike) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]]: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, index: _Index) -> Arrayterator[Any, _DType]: ...
+    def __iter__(self) -> Generator[ndarray[Any, _DType], None, None]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/format.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/format.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5b3fbac23ab6e680510cbc3d47387cdee2c6048
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/format.py
@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+"""
+Binary serialization
+
+NPY format
+==========
+
+A simple format for saving numpy arrays to disk with the full
+information about them.
+
+The ``.npy`` format is the standard binary file format in NumPy for
+persisting a *single* arbitrary NumPy array on disk. The format stores all
+of the shape and dtype information necessary to reconstruct the array
+correctly even on another machine with a different architecture.
+The format is designed to be as simple as possible while achieving
+its limited goals.
+
+The ``.npz`` format is the standard format for persisting *multiple* NumPy
+arrays on disk. A ``.npz`` file is a zip file containing multiple ``.npy``
+files, one for each array.
+
+Capabilities
+------------
+
+- Can represent all NumPy arrays including nested record arrays and
+  object arrays.
+
+- Represents the data in its native binary form.
+
+- Supports Fortran-contiguous arrays directly.
+
+- Stores all of the necessary information to reconstruct the array
+  including shape and dtype on a machine of a different
+  architecture.  Both little-endian and big-endian arrays are
+  supported, and a file with little-endian numbers will yield
+  a little-endian array on any machine reading the file. The
+  types are described in terms of their actual sizes. For example,
+  if a machine with a 64-bit C "long int" writes out an array with
+  "long ints", a reading machine with 32-bit C "long ints" will yield
+  an array with 64-bit integers.
+
+- Is straightforward to reverse engineer. Datasets often live longer than
+  the programs that created them. A competent developer should be
+  able to create a solution in their preferred programming language to
+  read most ``.npy`` files that they have been given without much
+  documentation.
+
+- Allows memory-mapping of the data. See `open_memmap`.
+
+- Can be read from a filelike stream object instead of an actual file.
+
+- Stores object arrays, i.e. arrays containing elements that are arbitrary
+  Python objects. Files with object arrays are not to be mmapable, but
+  can be read and written to disk.
+
+Limitations
+-----------
+
+- Arbitrary subclasses of numpy.ndarray are not completely preserved.
+  Subclasses will be accepted for writing, but only the array data will
+  be written out. A regular numpy.ndarray object will be created
+  upon reading the file.
+
+.. warning::
+
+  Due to limitations in the interpretation of structured dtypes, dtypes
+  with fields with empty names will have the names replaced by 'f0', 'f1',
+  etc. Such arrays will not round-trip through the format entirely
+  accurately. The data is intact; only the field names will differ. We are
+  working on a fix for this. This fix will not require a change in the
+  file format. The arrays with such structures can still be saved and
+  restored, and the correct dtype may be restored by using the
+  ``loadedarray.view(correct_dtype)`` method.
+
+File extensions
+---------------
+
+We recommend using the ``.npy`` and ``.npz`` extensions for files saved
+in this format. This is by no means a requirement; applications may wish
+to use these file formats but use an extension specific to the
+application. In the absence of an obvious alternative, however,
+we suggest using ``.npy`` and ``.npz``.
+
+Version numbering
+-----------------
+
+The version numbering of these formats is independent of NumPy version
+numbering. If the format is upgraded, the code in `numpy.io` will still
+be able to read and write Version 1.0 files.
+
+Format Version 1.0
+------------------
+
+The first 6 bytes are a magic string: exactly ``\\x93NUMPY``.
+
+The next 1 byte is an unsigned byte: the major version number of the file
+format, e.g. ``\\x01``.
+
+The next 1 byte is an unsigned byte: the minor version number of the file
+format, e.g. ``\\x00``. Note: the version of the file format is not tied
+to the version of the numpy package.
+
+The next 2 bytes form a little-endian unsigned short int: the length of
+the header data HEADER_LEN.
+
+The next HEADER_LEN bytes form the header data describing the array's
+format. It is an ASCII string which contains a Python literal expression
+of a dictionary. It is terminated by a newline (``\\n``) and padded with
+spaces (``\\x20``) to make the total of
+``len(magic string) + 2 + len(length) + HEADER_LEN`` be evenly divisible
+by 64 for alignment purposes.
+
+The dictionary contains three keys:
+
+    "descr" : dtype.descr
+      An object that can be passed as an argument to the `numpy.dtype`
+      constructor to create the array's dtype.
+    "fortran_order" : bool
+      Whether the array data is Fortran-contiguous or not. Since
+      Fortran-contiguous arrays are a common form of non-C-contiguity,
+      we allow them to be written directly to disk for efficiency.
+    "shape" : tuple of int
+      The shape of the array.
+
+For repeatability and readability, the dictionary keys are sorted in
+alphabetic order. This is for convenience only. A writer SHOULD implement
+this if possible. A reader MUST NOT depend on this.
+
+Following the header comes the array data. If the dtype contains Python
+objects (i.e. ``dtype.hasobject is True``), then the data is a Python
+pickle of the array. Otherwise the data is the contiguous (either C-
+or Fortran-, depending on ``fortran_order``) bytes of the array.
+Consumers can figure out the number of bytes by multiplying the number
+of elements given by the shape (noting that ``shape=()`` means there is
+1 element) by ``dtype.itemsize``.
+
+Format Version 2.0
+------------------
+
+The version 1.0 format only allowed the array header to have a total size of
+65535 bytes.  This can be exceeded by structured arrays with a large number of
+columns.  The version 2.0 format extends the header size to 4 GiB.
+`numpy.save` will automatically save in 2.0 format if the data requires it,
+else it will always use the more compatible 1.0 format.
+
+The description of the fourth element of the header therefore has become:
+"The next 4 bytes form a little-endian unsigned int: the length of the header
+data HEADER_LEN."
+
+Format Version 3.0
+------------------
+
+This version replaces the ASCII string (which in practice was latin1) with
+a utf8-encoded string, so supports structured types with any unicode field
+names.
+
+Notes
+-----
+The ``.npy`` format, including motivation for creating it and a comparison of
+alternatives, is described in the
+:doc:`"npy-format" NEP `, however details have
+evolved with time and this document is more current.
+
+"""
+import numpy
+import warnings
+from numpy.lib.utils import safe_eval, drop_metadata
+from numpy.compat import (
+    isfileobj, os_fspath, pickle
+    )
+
+
+__all__ = []
+
+
+EXPECTED_KEYS = {'descr', 'fortran_order', 'shape'}
+MAGIC_PREFIX = b'\x93NUMPY'
+MAGIC_LEN = len(MAGIC_PREFIX) + 2
+ARRAY_ALIGN = 64 # plausible values are powers of 2 between 16 and 4096
+BUFFER_SIZE = 2**18  # size of buffer for reading npz files in bytes
+# allow growth within the address space of a 64 bit machine along one axis
+GROWTH_AXIS_MAX_DIGITS = 21  # = len(str(8*2**64-1)) hypothetical int1 dtype
+
+# difference between version 1.0 and 2.0 is a 4 byte (I) header length
+# instead of 2 bytes (H) allowing storage of large structured arrays
+_header_size_info = {
+    (1, 0): (' 255:
+        raise ValueError("major version must be 0 <= major < 256")
+    if minor < 0 or minor > 255:
+        raise ValueError("minor version must be 0 <= minor < 256")
+    return MAGIC_PREFIX + bytes([major, minor])
+
+def read_magic(fp):
+    """ Read the magic string to get the version of the file format.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fp : filelike object
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    major : int
+    minor : int
+    """
+    magic_str = _read_bytes(fp, MAGIC_LEN, "magic string")
+    if magic_str[:-2] != MAGIC_PREFIX:
+        msg = "the magic string is not correct; expected %r, got %r"
+        raise ValueError(msg % (MAGIC_PREFIX, magic_str[:-2]))
+    major, minor = magic_str[-2:]
+    return major, minor
+
+
+def dtype_to_descr(dtype):
+    """
+    Get a serializable descriptor from the dtype.
+
+    The .descr attribute of a dtype object cannot be round-tripped through
+    the dtype() constructor. Simple types, like dtype('float32'), have
+    a descr which looks like a record array with one field with '' as
+    a name. The dtype() constructor interprets this as a request to give
+    a default name.  Instead, we construct descriptor that can be passed to
+    dtype().
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dtype : dtype
+        The dtype of the array that will be written to disk.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    descr : object
+        An object that can be passed to `numpy.dtype()` in order to
+        replicate the input dtype.
+
+    """
+    # NOTE: that drop_metadata may not return the right dtype e.g. for user
+    #       dtypes.  In that case our code below would fail the same, though.
+    new_dtype = drop_metadata(dtype)
+    if new_dtype is not dtype:
+        warnings.warn("metadata on a dtype is not saved to an npy/npz. "
+                      "Use another format (such as pickle) to store it.",
+                      UserWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    if dtype.names is not None:
+        # This is a record array. The .descr is fine.  XXX: parts of the
+        # record array with an empty name, like padding bytes, still get
+        # fiddled with. This needs to be fixed in the C implementation of
+        # dtype().
+        return dtype.descr
+    else:
+        return dtype.str
+
+def descr_to_dtype(descr):
+    """
+    Returns a dtype based off the given description.
+
+    This is essentially the reverse of `dtype_to_descr()`. It will remove
+    the valueless padding fields created by, i.e. simple fields like
+    dtype('float32'), and then convert the description to its corresponding
+    dtype.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    descr : object
+        The object retrieved by dtype.descr. Can be passed to
+        `numpy.dtype()` in order to replicate the input dtype.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dtype : dtype
+        The dtype constructed by the description.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(descr, str):
+        # No padding removal needed
+        return numpy.dtype(descr)
+    elif isinstance(descr, tuple):
+        # subtype, will always have a shape descr[1]
+        dt = descr_to_dtype(descr[0])
+        return numpy.dtype((dt, descr[1]))
+
+    titles = []
+    names = []
+    formats = []
+    offsets = []
+    offset = 0
+    for field in descr:
+        if len(field) == 2:
+            name, descr_str = field
+            dt = descr_to_dtype(descr_str)
+        else:
+            name, descr_str, shape = field
+            dt = numpy.dtype((descr_to_dtype(descr_str), shape))
+
+        # Ignore padding bytes, which will be void bytes with '' as name
+        # Once support for blank names is removed, only "if name == ''" needed)
+        is_pad = (name == '' and dt.type is numpy.void and dt.names is None)
+        if not is_pad:
+            title, name = name if isinstance(name, tuple) else (None, name)
+            titles.append(title)
+            names.append(name)
+            formats.append(dt)
+            offsets.append(offset)
+        offset += dt.itemsize
+
+    return numpy.dtype({'names': names, 'formats': formats, 'titles': titles,
+                        'offsets': offsets, 'itemsize': offset})
+
+def header_data_from_array_1_0(array):
+    """ Get the dictionary of header metadata from a numpy.ndarray.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    array : numpy.ndarray
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    d : dict
+        This has the appropriate entries for writing its string representation
+        to the header of the file.
+    """
+    d = {'shape': array.shape}
+    if array.flags.c_contiguous:
+        d['fortran_order'] = False
+    elif array.flags.f_contiguous:
+        d['fortran_order'] = True
+    else:
+        # Totally non-contiguous data. We will have to make it C-contiguous
+        # before writing. Note that we need to test for C_CONTIGUOUS first
+        # because a 1-D array is both C_CONTIGUOUS and F_CONTIGUOUS.
+        d['fortran_order'] = False
+
+    d['descr'] = dtype_to_descr(array.dtype)
+    return d
+
+
+def _wrap_header(header, version):
+    """
+    Takes a stringified header, and attaches the prefix and padding to it
+    """
+    import struct
+    assert version is not None
+    fmt, encoding = _header_size_info[version]
+    header = header.encode(encoding)
+    hlen = len(header) + 1
+    padlen = ARRAY_ALIGN - ((MAGIC_LEN + struct.calcsize(fmt) + hlen) % ARRAY_ALIGN)
+    try:
+        header_prefix = magic(*version) + struct.pack(fmt, hlen + padlen)
+    except struct.error:
+        msg = "Header length {} too big for version={}".format(hlen, version)
+        raise ValueError(msg) from None
+
+    # Pad the header with spaces and a final newline such that the magic
+    # string, the header-length short and the header are aligned on a
+    # ARRAY_ALIGN byte boundary.  This supports memory mapping of dtypes
+    # aligned up to ARRAY_ALIGN on systems like Linux where mmap()
+    # offset must be page-aligned (i.e. the beginning of the file).
+    return header_prefix + header + b' '*padlen + b'\n'
+
+
+def _wrap_header_guess_version(header):
+    """
+    Like `_wrap_header`, but chooses an appropriate version given the contents
+    """
+    try:
+        return _wrap_header(header, (1, 0))
+    except ValueError:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        ret = _wrap_header(header, (2, 0))
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        warnings.warn("Stored array in format 2.0. It can only be"
+                      "read by NumPy >= 1.9", UserWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        return ret
+
+    header = _wrap_header(header, (3, 0))
+    warnings.warn("Stored array in format 3.0. It can only be "
+                  "read by NumPy >= 1.17", UserWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    return header
+
+
+def _write_array_header(fp, d, version=None):
+    """ Write the header for an array and returns the version used
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fp : filelike object
+    d : dict
+        This has the appropriate entries for writing its string representation
+        to the header of the file.
+    version : tuple or None
+        None means use oldest that works. Providing an explicit version will
+        raise a ValueError if the format does not allow saving this data.
+        Default: None
+    """
+    header = ["{"]
+    for key, value in sorted(d.items()):
+        # Need to use repr here, since we eval these when reading
+        header.append("'%s': %s, " % (key, repr(value)))
+    header.append("}")
+    header = "".join(header)
+
+    # Add some spare space so that the array header can be modified in-place
+    # when changing the array size, e.g. when growing it by appending data at
+    # the end.
+    shape = d['shape']
+    header += " " * ((GROWTH_AXIS_MAX_DIGITS - len(repr(
+        shape[-1 if d['fortran_order'] else 0]
+    ))) if len(shape) > 0 else 0)
+
+    if version is None:
+        header = _wrap_header_guess_version(header)
+    else:
+        header = _wrap_header(header, version)
+    fp.write(header)
+
+def write_array_header_1_0(fp, d):
+    """ Write the header for an array using the 1.0 format.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fp : filelike object
+    d : dict
+        This has the appropriate entries for writing its string
+        representation to the header of the file.
+    """
+    _write_array_header(fp, d, (1, 0))
+
+
+def write_array_header_2_0(fp, d):
+    """ Write the header for an array using the 2.0 format.
+        The 2.0 format allows storing very large structured arrays.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fp : filelike object
+    d : dict
+        This has the appropriate entries for writing its string
+        representation to the header of the file.
+    """
+    _write_array_header(fp, d, (2, 0))
+
+def read_array_header_1_0(fp, max_header_size=_MAX_HEADER_SIZE):
+    """
+    Read an array header from a filelike object using the 1.0 file format
+    version.
+
+    This will leave the file object located just after the header.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fp : filelike object
+        A file object or something with a `.read()` method like a file.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    shape : tuple of int
+        The shape of the array.
+    fortran_order : bool
+        The array data will be written out directly if it is either
+        C-contiguous or Fortran-contiguous. Otherwise, it will be made
+        contiguous before writing it out.
+    dtype : dtype
+        The dtype of the file's data.
+    max_header_size : int, optional
+        Maximum allowed size of the header.  Large headers may not be safe
+        to load securely and thus require explicitly passing a larger value.
+        See :py:func:`ast.literal_eval()` for details.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If the data is invalid.
+
+    """
+    return _read_array_header(
+            fp, version=(1, 0), max_header_size=max_header_size)
+
+def read_array_header_2_0(fp, max_header_size=_MAX_HEADER_SIZE):
+    """
+    Read an array header from a filelike object using the 2.0 file format
+    version.
+
+    This will leave the file object located just after the header.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fp : filelike object
+        A file object or something with a `.read()` method like a file.
+    max_header_size : int, optional
+        Maximum allowed size of the header.  Large headers may not be safe
+        to load securely and thus require explicitly passing a larger value.
+        See :py:func:`ast.literal_eval()` for details.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    shape : tuple of int
+        The shape of the array.
+    fortran_order : bool
+        The array data will be written out directly if it is either
+        C-contiguous or Fortran-contiguous. Otherwise, it will be made
+        contiguous before writing it out.
+    dtype : dtype
+        The dtype of the file's data.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If the data is invalid.
+
+    """
+    return _read_array_header(
+            fp, version=(2, 0), max_header_size=max_header_size)
+
+
+def _filter_header(s):
+    """Clean up 'L' in npz header ints.
+
+    Cleans up the 'L' in strings representing integers. Needed to allow npz
+    headers produced in Python2 to be read in Python3.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    s : string
+        Npy file header.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    header : str
+        Cleaned up header.
+
+    """
+    import tokenize
+    from io import StringIO
+
+    tokens = []
+    last_token_was_number = False
+    for token in tokenize.generate_tokens(StringIO(s).readline):
+        token_type = token[0]
+        token_string = token[1]
+        if (last_token_was_number and
+                token_type == tokenize.NAME and
+                token_string == "L"):
+            continue
+        else:
+            tokens.append(token)
+        last_token_was_number = (token_type == tokenize.NUMBER)
+    return tokenize.untokenize(tokens)
+
+
+def _read_array_header(fp, version, max_header_size=_MAX_HEADER_SIZE):
+    """
+    see read_array_header_1_0
+    """
+    # Read an unsigned, little-endian short int which has the length of the
+    # header.
+    import struct
+    hinfo = _header_size_info.get(version)
+    if hinfo is None:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid version {!r}".format(version))
+    hlength_type, encoding = hinfo
+
+    hlength_str = _read_bytes(fp, struct.calcsize(hlength_type), "array header length")
+    header_length = struct.unpack(hlength_type, hlength_str)[0]
+    header = _read_bytes(fp, header_length, "array header")
+    header = header.decode(encoding)
+    if len(header) > max_header_size:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Header info length ({len(header)}) is large and may not be safe "
+            "to load securely.\n"
+            "To allow loading, adjust `max_header_size` or fully trust "
+            "the `.npy` file using `allow_pickle=True`.\n"
+            "For safety against large resource use or crashes, sandboxing "
+            "may be necessary.")
+
+    # The header is a pretty-printed string representation of a literal
+    # Python dictionary with trailing newlines padded to a ARRAY_ALIGN byte
+    # boundary. The keys are strings.
+    #   "shape" : tuple of int
+    #   "fortran_order" : bool
+    #   "descr" : dtype.descr
+    # Versions (2, 0) and (1, 0) could have been created by a Python 2
+    # implementation before header filtering was implemented.
+    #
+    # For performance reasons, we try without _filter_header first though
+    try:
+        d = safe_eval(header)
+    except SyntaxError as e:
+        if version <= (2, 0):
+            header = _filter_header(header)
+            try:
+                d = safe_eval(header)
+            except SyntaxError as e2:
+                msg = "Cannot parse header: {!r}"
+                raise ValueError(msg.format(header)) from e2
+            else:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "Reading `.npy` or `.npz` file required additional "
+                    "header parsing as it was created on Python 2. Save the "
+                    "file again to speed up loading and avoid this warning.",
+                    UserWarning, stacklevel=4)
+        else:
+            msg = "Cannot parse header: {!r}"
+            raise ValueError(msg.format(header)) from e
+    if not isinstance(d, dict):
+        msg = "Header is not a dictionary: {!r}"
+        raise ValueError(msg.format(d))
+
+    if EXPECTED_KEYS != d.keys():
+        keys = sorted(d.keys())
+        msg = "Header does not contain the correct keys: {!r}"
+        raise ValueError(msg.format(keys))
+
+    # Sanity-check the values.
+    if (not isinstance(d['shape'], tuple) or
+            not all(isinstance(x, int) for x in d['shape'])):
+        msg = "shape is not valid: {!r}"
+        raise ValueError(msg.format(d['shape']))
+    if not isinstance(d['fortran_order'], bool):
+        msg = "fortran_order is not a valid bool: {!r}"
+        raise ValueError(msg.format(d['fortran_order']))
+    try:
+        dtype = descr_to_dtype(d['descr'])
+    except TypeError as e:
+        msg = "descr is not a valid dtype descriptor: {!r}"
+        raise ValueError(msg.format(d['descr'])) from e
+
+    return d['shape'], d['fortran_order'], dtype
+
+def write_array(fp, array, version=None, allow_pickle=True, pickle_kwargs=None):
+    """
+    Write an array to an NPY file, including a header.
+
+    If the array is neither C-contiguous nor Fortran-contiguous AND the
+    file_like object is not a real file object, this function will have to
+    copy data in memory.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fp : file_like object
+        An open, writable file object, or similar object with a
+        ``.write()`` method.
+    array : ndarray
+        The array to write to disk.
+    version : (int, int) or None, optional
+        The version number of the format. None means use the oldest
+        supported version that is able to store the data.  Default: None
+    allow_pickle : bool, optional
+        Whether to allow writing pickled data. Default: True
+    pickle_kwargs : dict, optional
+        Additional keyword arguments to pass to pickle.dump, excluding
+        'protocol'. These are only useful when pickling objects in object
+        arrays on Python 3 to Python 2 compatible format.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If the array cannot be persisted. This includes the case of
+        allow_pickle=False and array being an object array.
+    Various other errors
+        If the array contains Python objects as part of its dtype, the
+        process of pickling them may raise various errors if the objects
+        are not picklable.
+
+    """
+    _check_version(version)
+    _write_array_header(fp, header_data_from_array_1_0(array), version)
+
+    if array.itemsize == 0:
+        buffersize = 0
+    else:
+        # Set buffer size to 16 MiB to hide the Python loop overhead.
+        buffersize = max(16 * 1024 ** 2 // array.itemsize, 1)
+
+    if array.dtype.hasobject:
+        # We contain Python objects so we cannot write out the data
+        # directly.  Instead, we will pickle it out
+        if not allow_pickle:
+            raise ValueError("Object arrays cannot be saved when "
+                             "allow_pickle=False")
+        if pickle_kwargs is None:
+            pickle_kwargs = {}
+        pickle.dump(array, fp, protocol=3, **pickle_kwargs)
+    elif array.flags.f_contiguous and not array.flags.c_contiguous:
+        if isfileobj(fp):
+            array.T.tofile(fp)
+        else:
+            for chunk in numpy.nditer(
+                    array, flags=['external_loop', 'buffered', 'zerosize_ok'],
+                    buffersize=buffersize, order='F'):
+                fp.write(chunk.tobytes('C'))
+    else:
+        if isfileobj(fp):
+            array.tofile(fp)
+        else:
+            for chunk in numpy.nditer(
+                    array, flags=['external_loop', 'buffered', 'zerosize_ok'],
+                    buffersize=buffersize, order='C'):
+                fp.write(chunk.tobytes('C'))
+
+
+def read_array(fp, allow_pickle=False, pickle_kwargs=None, *,
+               max_header_size=_MAX_HEADER_SIZE):
+    """
+    Read an array from an NPY file.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fp : file_like object
+        If this is not a real file object, then this may take extra memory
+        and time.
+    allow_pickle : bool, optional
+        Whether to allow writing pickled data. Default: False
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.16.3
+            Made default False in response to CVE-2019-6446.
+
+    pickle_kwargs : dict
+        Additional keyword arguments to pass to pickle.load. These are only
+        useful when loading object arrays saved on Python 2 when using
+        Python 3.
+    max_header_size : int, optional
+        Maximum allowed size of the header.  Large headers may not be safe
+        to load securely and thus require explicitly passing a larger value.
+        See :py:func:`ast.literal_eval()` for details.
+        This option is ignored when `allow_pickle` is passed.  In that case
+        the file is by definition trusted and the limit is unnecessary.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    array : ndarray
+        The array from the data on disk.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If the data is invalid, or allow_pickle=False and the file contains
+        an object array.
+
+    """
+    if allow_pickle:
+        # Effectively ignore max_header_size, since `allow_pickle` indicates
+        # that the input is fully trusted.
+        max_header_size = 2**64
+
+    version = read_magic(fp)
+    _check_version(version)
+    shape, fortran_order, dtype = _read_array_header(
+            fp, version, max_header_size=max_header_size)
+    if len(shape) == 0:
+        count = 1
+    else:
+        count = numpy.multiply.reduce(shape, dtype=numpy.int64)
+
+    # Now read the actual data.
+    if dtype.hasobject:
+        # The array contained Python objects. We need to unpickle the data.
+        if not allow_pickle:
+            raise ValueError("Object arrays cannot be loaded when "
+                             "allow_pickle=False")
+        if pickle_kwargs is None:
+            pickle_kwargs = {}
+        try:
+            array = pickle.load(fp, **pickle_kwargs)
+        except UnicodeError as err:
+            # Friendlier error message
+            raise UnicodeError("Unpickling a python object failed: %r\n"
+                               "You may need to pass the encoding= option "
+                               "to numpy.load" % (err,)) from err
+    else:
+        if isfileobj(fp):
+            # We can use the fast fromfile() function.
+            array = numpy.fromfile(fp, dtype=dtype, count=count)
+        else:
+            # This is not a real file. We have to read it the
+            # memory-intensive way.
+            # crc32 module fails on reads greater than 2 ** 32 bytes,
+            # breaking large reads from gzip streams. Chunk reads to
+            # BUFFER_SIZE bytes to avoid issue and reduce memory overhead
+            # of the read. In non-chunked case count < max_read_count, so
+            # only one read is performed.
+
+            # Use np.ndarray instead of np.empty since the latter does
+            # not correctly instantiate zero-width string dtypes; see
+            # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/6430
+            array = numpy.ndarray(count, dtype=dtype)
+
+            if dtype.itemsize > 0:
+                # If dtype.itemsize == 0 then there's nothing more to read
+                max_read_count = BUFFER_SIZE // min(BUFFER_SIZE, dtype.itemsize)
+
+                for i in range(0, count, max_read_count):
+                    read_count = min(max_read_count, count - i)
+                    read_size = int(read_count * dtype.itemsize)
+                    data = _read_bytes(fp, read_size, "array data")
+                    array[i:i+read_count] = numpy.frombuffer(data, dtype=dtype,
+                                                             count=read_count)
+
+        if fortran_order:
+            array.shape = shape[::-1]
+            array = array.transpose()
+        else:
+            array.shape = shape
+
+    return array
+
+
+def open_memmap(filename, mode='r+', dtype=None, shape=None,
+                fortran_order=False, version=None, *,
+                max_header_size=_MAX_HEADER_SIZE):
+    """
+    Open a .npy file as a memory-mapped array.
+
+    This may be used to read an existing file or create a new one.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    filename : str or path-like
+        The name of the file on disk.  This may *not* be a file-like
+        object.
+    mode : str, optional
+        The mode in which to open the file; the default is 'r+'.  In
+        addition to the standard file modes, 'c' is also accepted to mean
+        "copy on write."  See `memmap` for the available mode strings.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        The data type of the array if we are creating a new file in "write"
+        mode, if not, `dtype` is ignored.  The default value is None, which
+        results in a data-type of `float64`.
+    shape : tuple of int
+        The shape of the array if we are creating a new file in "write"
+        mode, in which case this parameter is required.  Otherwise, this
+        parameter is ignored and is thus optional.
+    fortran_order : bool, optional
+        Whether the array should be Fortran-contiguous (True) or
+        C-contiguous (False, the default) if we are creating a new file in
+        "write" mode.
+    version : tuple of int (major, minor) or None
+        If the mode is a "write" mode, then this is the version of the file
+        format used to create the file.  None means use the oldest
+        supported version that is able to store the data.  Default: None
+    max_header_size : int, optional
+        Maximum allowed size of the header.  Large headers may not be safe
+        to load securely and thus require explicitly passing a larger value.
+        See :py:func:`ast.literal_eval()` for details.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    marray : memmap
+        The memory-mapped array.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If the data or the mode is invalid.
+    OSError
+        If the file is not found or cannot be opened correctly.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.memmap
+
+    """
+    if isfileobj(filename):
+        raise ValueError("Filename must be a string or a path-like object."
+                         "  Memmap cannot use existing file handles.")
+
+    if 'w' in mode:
+        # We are creating the file, not reading it.
+        # Check if we ought to create the file.
+        _check_version(version)
+        # Ensure that the given dtype is an authentic dtype object rather
+        # than just something that can be interpreted as a dtype object.
+        dtype = numpy.dtype(dtype)
+        if dtype.hasobject:
+            msg = "Array can't be memory-mapped: Python objects in dtype."
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        d = dict(
+            descr=dtype_to_descr(dtype),
+            fortran_order=fortran_order,
+            shape=shape,
+        )
+        # If we got here, then it should be safe to create the file.
+        with open(os_fspath(filename), mode+'b') as fp:
+            _write_array_header(fp, d, version)
+            offset = fp.tell()
+    else:
+        # Read the header of the file first.
+        with open(os_fspath(filename), 'rb') as fp:
+            version = read_magic(fp)
+            _check_version(version)
+
+            shape, fortran_order, dtype = _read_array_header(
+                    fp, version, max_header_size=max_header_size)
+            if dtype.hasobject:
+                msg = "Array can't be memory-mapped: Python objects in dtype."
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            offset = fp.tell()
+
+    if fortran_order:
+        order = 'F'
+    else:
+        order = 'C'
+
+    # We need to change a write-only mode to a read-write mode since we've
+    # already written data to the file.
+    if mode == 'w+':
+        mode = 'r+'
+
+    marray = numpy.memmap(filename, dtype=dtype, shape=shape, order=order,
+        mode=mode, offset=offset)
+
+    return marray
+
+
+def _read_bytes(fp, size, error_template="ran out of data"):
+    """
+    Read from file-like object until size bytes are read.
+    Raises ValueError if not EOF is encountered before size bytes are read.
+    Non-blocking objects only supported if they derive from io objects.
+
+    Required as e.g. ZipExtFile in python 2.6 can return less data than
+    requested.
+    """
+    data = bytes()
+    while True:
+        # io files (default in python3) return None or raise on
+        # would-block, python2 file will truncate, probably nothing can be
+        # done about that.  note that regular files can't be non-blocking
+        try:
+            r = fp.read(size - len(data))
+            data += r
+            if len(r) == 0 or len(data) == size:
+                break
+        except BlockingIOError:
+            pass
+    if len(data) != size:
+        msg = "EOF: reading %s, expected %d bytes got %d"
+        raise ValueError(msg % (error_template, size, len(data)))
+    else:
+        return data
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/format.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/format.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4468f52f4646b8b9413f279b09f85cd201aaf51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/format.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from typing import Any, Literal, Final
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+EXPECTED_KEYS: Final[set[str]]
+MAGIC_PREFIX: Final[bytes]
+MAGIC_LEN: Literal[8]
+ARRAY_ALIGN: Literal[64]
+BUFFER_SIZE: Literal[262144]  # 2**18
+
+def magic(major, minor): ...
+def read_magic(fp): ...
+def dtype_to_descr(dtype): ...
+def descr_to_dtype(descr): ...
+def header_data_from_array_1_0(array): ...
+def write_array_header_1_0(fp, d): ...
+def write_array_header_2_0(fp, d): ...
+def read_array_header_1_0(fp): ...
+def read_array_header_2_0(fp): ...
+def write_array(fp, array, version=..., allow_pickle=..., pickle_kwargs=...): ...
+def read_array(fp, allow_pickle=..., pickle_kwargs=...): ...
+def open_memmap(filename, mode=..., dtype=..., shape=..., fortran_order=..., version=...): ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/function_base.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/function_base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3dab04d3331132f75787a81b0237aab73169eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/function_base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5733 @@
+import collections.abc
+import functools
+import re
+import sys
+import warnings
+
+from .._utils import set_module
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
+from numpy.core import transpose
+from numpy.core.numeric import (
+    ones, zeros_like, arange, concatenate, array, asarray, asanyarray, empty,
+    ndarray, take, dot, where, intp, integer, isscalar, absolute
+    )
+from numpy.core.umath import (
+    pi, add, arctan2, frompyfunc, cos, less_equal, sqrt, sin,
+    mod, exp, not_equal, subtract
+    )
+from numpy.core.fromnumeric import (
+    ravel, nonzero, partition, mean, any, sum
+    )
+from numpy.core.numerictypes import typecodes
+from numpy.core import overrides
+from numpy.core.function_base import add_newdoc
+from numpy.lib.twodim_base import diag
+from numpy.core.multiarray import (
+    _place, add_docstring, bincount, normalize_axis_index, _monotonicity,
+    interp as compiled_interp, interp_complex as compiled_interp_complex
+    )
+from numpy.core.umath import _add_newdoc_ufunc as add_newdoc_ufunc
+
+import builtins
+
+# needed in this module for compatibility
+from numpy.lib.histograms import histogram, histogramdd  # noqa: F401
+
+
+array_function_dispatch = functools.partial(
+    overrides.array_function_dispatch, module='numpy')
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'select', 'piecewise', 'trim_zeros', 'copy', 'iterable', 'percentile',
+    'diff', 'gradient', 'angle', 'unwrap', 'sort_complex', 'disp', 'flip',
+    'rot90', 'extract', 'place', 'vectorize', 'asarray_chkfinite', 'average',
+    'bincount', 'digitize', 'cov', 'corrcoef',
+    'msort', 'median', 'sinc', 'hamming', 'hanning', 'bartlett',
+    'blackman', 'kaiser', 'trapz', 'i0', 'add_newdoc', 'add_docstring',
+    'meshgrid', 'delete', 'insert', 'append', 'interp', 'add_newdoc_ufunc',
+    'quantile'
+    ]
+
+# _QuantileMethods is a dictionary listing all the supported methods to
+# compute quantile/percentile.
+#
+# Below virtual_index refer to the index of the element where the percentile
+# would be found in the sorted sample.
+# When the sample contains exactly the percentile wanted, the virtual_index is
+# an integer to the index of this element.
+# When the percentile wanted is in between two elements, the virtual_index
+# is made of a integer part (a.k.a 'i' or 'left') and a fractional part
+# (a.k.a 'g' or 'gamma')
+#
+# Each method in _QuantileMethods has two properties
+# get_virtual_index : Callable
+#   The function used to compute the virtual_index.
+# fix_gamma : Callable
+#   A function used for discret methods to force the index to a specific value.
+_QuantileMethods = dict(
+    # --- HYNDMAN and FAN METHODS
+    # Discrete methods
+    inverted_cdf=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles: _inverted_cdf(n, quantiles),
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: gamma,  # should never be called
+    ),
+    averaged_inverted_cdf=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles: (n * quantiles) - 1,
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: _get_gamma_mask(
+            shape=gamma.shape,
+            default_value=1.,
+            conditioned_value=0.5,
+            where=gamma == 0),
+    ),
+    closest_observation=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles: _closest_observation(n,
+                                                                    quantiles),
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: gamma,  # should never be called
+    ),
+    # Continuous methods
+    interpolated_inverted_cdf=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles:
+        _compute_virtual_index(n, quantiles, 0, 1),
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: gamma,
+    ),
+    hazen=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles:
+        _compute_virtual_index(n, quantiles, 0.5, 0.5),
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: gamma,
+    ),
+    weibull=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles:
+        _compute_virtual_index(n, quantiles, 0, 0),
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: gamma,
+    ),
+    # Default method.
+    # To avoid some rounding issues, `(n-1) * quantiles` is preferred to
+    # `_compute_virtual_index(n, quantiles, 1, 1)`.
+    # They are mathematically equivalent.
+    linear=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles: (n - 1) * quantiles,
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: gamma,
+    ),
+    median_unbiased=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles:
+        _compute_virtual_index(n, quantiles, 1 / 3.0, 1 / 3.0),
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: gamma,
+    ),
+    normal_unbiased=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles:
+        _compute_virtual_index(n, quantiles, 3 / 8.0, 3 / 8.0),
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: gamma,
+    ),
+    # --- OTHER METHODS
+    lower=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles: np.floor(
+            (n - 1) * quantiles).astype(np.intp),
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: gamma,
+        # should never be called, index dtype is int
+    ),
+    higher=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles: np.ceil(
+            (n - 1) * quantiles).astype(np.intp),
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: gamma,
+        # should never be called, index dtype is int
+    ),
+    midpoint=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles: 0.5 * (
+                np.floor((n - 1) * quantiles)
+                + np.ceil((n - 1) * quantiles)),
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, index: _get_gamma_mask(
+            shape=gamma.shape,
+            default_value=0.5,
+            conditioned_value=0.,
+            where=index % 1 == 0),
+    ),
+    nearest=dict(
+        get_virtual_index=lambda n, quantiles: np.around(
+            (n - 1) * quantiles).astype(np.intp),
+        fix_gamma=lambda gamma, _: gamma,
+        # should never be called, index dtype is int
+    ))
+
+
+def _rot90_dispatcher(m, k=None, axes=None):
+    return (m,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_rot90_dispatcher)
+def rot90(m, k=1, axes=(0, 1)):
+    """
+    Rotate an array by 90 degrees in the plane specified by axes.
+
+    Rotation direction is from the first towards the second axis.
+    This means for a 2D array with the default `k` and `axes`, the
+    rotation will be counterclockwise.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    m : array_like
+        Array of two or more dimensions.
+    k : integer
+        Number of times the array is rotated by 90 degrees.
+    axes : (2,) array_like
+        The array is rotated in the plane defined by the axes.
+        Axes must be different.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.12.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : ndarray
+        A rotated view of `m`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    flip : Reverse the order of elements in an array along the given axis.
+    fliplr : Flip an array horizontally.
+    flipud : Flip an array vertically.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    ``rot90(m, k=1, axes=(1,0))``  is the reverse of
+    ``rot90(m, k=1, axes=(0,1))``
+
+    ``rot90(m, k=1, axes=(1,0))`` is equivalent to
+    ``rot90(m, k=-1, axes=(0,1))``
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> m = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]], int)
+    >>> m
+    array([[1, 2],
+           [3, 4]])
+    >>> np.rot90(m)
+    array([[2, 4],
+           [1, 3]])
+    >>> np.rot90(m, 2)
+    array([[4, 3],
+           [2, 1]])
+    >>> m = np.arange(8).reshape((2,2,2))
+    >>> np.rot90(m, 1, (1,2))
+    array([[[1, 3],
+            [0, 2]],
+           [[5, 7],
+            [4, 6]]])
+
+    """
+    axes = tuple(axes)
+    if len(axes) != 2:
+        raise ValueError("len(axes) must be 2.")
+
+    m = asanyarray(m)
+
+    if axes[0] == axes[1] or absolute(axes[0] - axes[1]) == m.ndim:
+        raise ValueError("Axes must be different.")
+
+    if (axes[0] >= m.ndim or axes[0] < -m.ndim
+        or axes[1] >= m.ndim or axes[1] < -m.ndim):
+        raise ValueError("Axes={} out of range for array of ndim={}."
+            .format(axes, m.ndim))
+
+    k %= 4
+
+    if k == 0:
+        return m[:]
+    if k == 2:
+        return flip(flip(m, axes[0]), axes[1])
+
+    axes_list = arange(0, m.ndim)
+    (axes_list[axes[0]], axes_list[axes[1]]) = (axes_list[axes[1]],
+                                                axes_list[axes[0]])
+
+    if k == 1:
+        return transpose(flip(m, axes[1]), axes_list)
+    else:
+        # k == 3
+        return flip(transpose(m, axes_list), axes[1])
+
+
+def _flip_dispatcher(m, axis=None):
+    return (m,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_flip_dispatcher)
+def flip(m, axis=None):
+    """
+    Reverse the order of elements in an array along the given axis.
+
+    The shape of the array is preserved, but the elements are reordered.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.12.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    m : array_like
+        Input array.
+    axis : None or int or tuple of ints, optional
+         Axis or axes along which to flip over. The default,
+         axis=None, will flip over all of the axes of the input array.
+         If axis is negative it counts from the last to the first axis.
+
+         If axis is a tuple of ints, flipping is performed on all of the axes
+         specified in the tuple.
+
+         .. versionchanged:: 1.15.0
+            None and tuples of axes are supported
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : array_like
+        A view of `m` with the entries of axis reversed.  Since a view is
+        returned, this operation is done in constant time.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    flipud : Flip an array vertically (axis=0).
+    fliplr : Flip an array horizontally (axis=1).
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    flip(m, 0) is equivalent to flipud(m).
+
+    flip(m, 1) is equivalent to fliplr(m).
+
+    flip(m, n) corresponds to ``m[...,::-1,...]`` with ``::-1`` at position n.
+
+    flip(m) corresponds to ``m[::-1,::-1,...,::-1]`` with ``::-1`` at all
+    positions.
+
+    flip(m, (0, 1)) corresponds to ``m[::-1,::-1,...]`` with ``::-1`` at
+    position 0 and position 1.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> A = np.arange(8).reshape((2,2,2))
+    >>> A
+    array([[[0, 1],
+            [2, 3]],
+           [[4, 5],
+            [6, 7]]])
+    >>> np.flip(A, 0)
+    array([[[4, 5],
+            [6, 7]],
+           [[0, 1],
+            [2, 3]]])
+    >>> np.flip(A, 1)
+    array([[[2, 3],
+            [0, 1]],
+           [[6, 7],
+            [4, 5]]])
+    >>> np.flip(A)
+    array([[[7, 6],
+            [5, 4]],
+           [[3, 2],
+            [1, 0]]])
+    >>> np.flip(A, (0, 2))
+    array([[[5, 4],
+            [7, 6]],
+           [[1, 0],
+            [3, 2]]])
+    >>> A = np.random.randn(3,4,5)
+    >>> np.all(np.flip(A,2) == A[:,:,::-1,...])
+    True
+    """
+    if not hasattr(m, 'ndim'):
+        m = asarray(m)
+    if axis is None:
+        indexer = (np.s_[::-1],) * m.ndim
+    else:
+        axis = _nx.normalize_axis_tuple(axis, m.ndim)
+        indexer = [np.s_[:]] * m.ndim
+        for ax in axis:
+            indexer[ax] = np.s_[::-1]
+        indexer = tuple(indexer)
+    return m[indexer]
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def iterable(y):
+    """
+    Check whether or not an object can be iterated over.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    y : object
+      Input object.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    b : bool
+      Return ``True`` if the object has an iterator method or is a
+      sequence and ``False`` otherwise.
+
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.iterable([1, 2, 3])
+    True
+    >>> np.iterable(2)
+    False
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In most cases, the results of ``np.iterable(obj)`` are consistent with
+    ``isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Iterable)``. One notable exception is
+    the treatment of 0-dimensional arrays::
+
+        >>> from collections.abc import Iterable
+        >>> a = np.array(1.0)  # 0-dimensional numpy array
+        >>> isinstance(a, Iterable)
+        True
+        >>> np.iterable(a)
+        False
+
+    """
+    try:
+        iter(y)
+    except TypeError:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _average_dispatcher(a, axis=None, weights=None, returned=None, *,
+                        keepdims=None):
+    return (a, weights)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_average_dispatcher)
+def average(a, axis=None, weights=None, returned=False, *,
+            keepdims=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Compute the weighted average along the specified axis.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Array containing data to be averaged. If `a` is not an array, a
+        conversion is attempted.
+    axis : None or int or tuple of ints, optional
+        Axis or axes along which to average `a`.  The default,
+        axis=None, will average over all of the elements of the input array.
+        If axis is negative it counts from the last to the first axis.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+        If axis is a tuple of ints, averaging is performed on all of the axes
+        specified in the tuple instead of a single axis or all the axes as
+        before.
+    weights : array_like, optional
+        An array of weights associated with the values in `a`. Each value in
+        `a` contributes to the average according to its associated weight.
+        The weights array can either be 1-D (in which case its length must be
+        the size of `a` along the given axis) or of the same shape as `a`.
+        If `weights=None`, then all data in `a` are assumed to have a
+        weight equal to one.  The 1-D calculation is::
+
+            avg = sum(a * weights) / sum(weights)
+
+        The only constraint on `weights` is that `sum(weights)` must not be 0.
+    returned : bool, optional
+        Default is `False`. If `True`, the tuple (`average`, `sum_of_weights`)
+        is returned, otherwise only the average is returned.
+        If `weights=None`, `sum_of_weights` is equivalent to the number of
+        elements over which the average is taken.
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the original `a`.
+        *Note:* `keepdims` will not work with instances of `numpy.matrix`
+        or other classes whose methods do not support `keepdims`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.23.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    retval, [sum_of_weights] : array_type or double
+        Return the average along the specified axis. When `returned` is `True`,
+        return a tuple with the average as the first element and the sum
+        of the weights as the second element. `sum_of_weights` is of the
+        same type as `retval`. The result dtype follows a genereal pattern.
+        If `weights` is None, the result dtype will be that of `a` , or ``float64``
+        if `a` is integral. Otherwise, if `weights` is not None and `a` is non-
+        integral, the result type will be the type of lowest precision capable of
+        representing values of both `a` and `weights`. If `a` happens to be
+        integral, the previous rules still applies but the result dtype will
+        at least be ``float64``.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ZeroDivisionError
+        When all weights along axis are zero. See `numpy.ma.average` for a
+        version robust to this type of error.
+    TypeError
+        When the length of 1D `weights` is not the same as the shape of `a`
+        along axis.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mean
+
+    ma.average : average for masked arrays -- useful if your data contains
+                 "missing" values
+    numpy.result_type : Returns the type that results from applying the
+                        numpy type promotion rules to the arguments.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> data = np.arange(1, 5)
+    >>> data
+    array([1, 2, 3, 4])
+    >>> np.average(data)
+    2.5
+    >>> np.average(np.arange(1, 11), weights=np.arange(10, 0, -1))
+    4.0
+
+    >>> data = np.arange(6).reshape((3, 2))
+    >>> data
+    array([[0, 1],
+           [2, 3],
+           [4, 5]])
+    >>> np.average(data, axis=1, weights=[1./4, 3./4])
+    array([0.75, 2.75, 4.75])
+    >>> np.average(data, weights=[1./4, 3./4])
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: Axis must be specified when shapes of a and weights differ.
+
+    >>> a = np.ones(5, dtype=np.float128)
+    >>> w = np.ones(5, dtype=np.complex64)
+    >>> avg = np.average(a, weights=w)
+    >>> print(avg.dtype)
+    complex256
+
+    With ``keepdims=True``, the following result has shape (3, 1).
+
+    >>> np.average(data, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    array([[0.5],
+           [2.5],
+           [4.5]])
+    """
+    a = np.asanyarray(a)
+
+    if keepdims is np._NoValue:
+        # Don't pass on the keepdims argument if one wasn't given.
+        keepdims_kw = {}
+    else:
+        keepdims_kw = {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+    if weights is None:
+        avg = a.mean(axis, **keepdims_kw)
+        avg_as_array = np.asanyarray(avg)
+        scl = avg_as_array.dtype.type(a.size/avg_as_array.size)
+    else:
+        wgt = np.asanyarray(weights)
+
+        if issubclass(a.dtype.type, (np.integer, np.bool_)):
+            result_dtype = np.result_type(a.dtype, wgt.dtype, 'f8')
+        else:
+            result_dtype = np.result_type(a.dtype, wgt.dtype)
+
+        # Sanity checks
+        if a.shape != wgt.shape:
+            if axis is None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Axis must be specified when shapes of a and weights "
+                    "differ.")
+            if wgt.ndim != 1:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "1D weights expected when shapes of a and weights differ.")
+            if wgt.shape[0] != a.shape[axis]:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Length of weights not compatible with specified axis.")
+
+            # setup wgt to broadcast along axis
+            wgt = np.broadcast_to(wgt, (a.ndim-1)*(1,) + wgt.shape)
+            wgt = wgt.swapaxes(-1, axis)
+
+        scl = wgt.sum(axis=axis, dtype=result_dtype, **keepdims_kw)
+        if np.any(scl == 0.0):
+            raise ZeroDivisionError(
+                "Weights sum to zero, can't be normalized")
+
+        avg = avg_as_array = np.multiply(a, wgt,
+                          dtype=result_dtype).sum(axis, **keepdims_kw) / scl
+
+    if returned:
+        if scl.shape != avg_as_array.shape:
+            scl = np.broadcast_to(scl, avg_as_array.shape).copy()
+        return avg, scl
+    else:
+        return avg
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def asarray_chkfinite(a, dtype=None, order=None):
+    """Convert the input to an array, checking for NaNs or Infs.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input data, in any form that can be converted to an array.  This
+        includes lists, lists of tuples, tuples, tuples of tuples, tuples
+        of lists and ndarrays.  Success requires no NaNs or Infs.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        By default, the data-type is inferred from the input data.
+    order : {'C', 'F', 'A', 'K'}, optional
+        Memory layout.  'A' and 'K' depend on the order of input array a.
+        'C' row-major (C-style),
+        'F' column-major (Fortran-style) memory representation.
+        'A' (any) means 'F' if `a` is Fortran contiguous, 'C' otherwise
+        'K' (keep) preserve input order
+        Defaults to 'C'.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array interpretation of `a`.  No copy is performed if the input
+        is already an ndarray.  If `a` is a subclass of ndarray, a base
+        class ndarray is returned.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        Raises ValueError if `a` contains NaN (Not a Number) or Inf (Infinity).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    asarray : Create and array.
+    asanyarray : Similar function which passes through subclasses.
+    ascontiguousarray : Convert input to a contiguous array.
+    asfarray : Convert input to a floating point ndarray.
+    asfortranarray : Convert input to an ndarray with column-major
+                     memory order.
+    fromiter : Create an array from an iterator.
+    fromfunction : Construct an array by executing a function on grid
+                   positions.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Convert a list into an array.  If all elements are finite
+    ``asarray_chkfinite`` is identical to ``asarray``.
+
+    >>> a = [1, 2]
+    >>> np.asarray_chkfinite(a, dtype=float)
+    array([1., 2.])
+
+    Raises ValueError if array_like contains Nans or Infs.
+
+    >>> a = [1, 2, np.inf]
+    >>> try:
+    ...     np.asarray_chkfinite(a)
+    ... except ValueError:
+    ...     print('ValueError')
+    ...
+    ValueError
+
+    """
+    a = asarray(a, dtype=dtype, order=order)
+    if a.dtype.char in typecodes['AllFloat'] and not np.isfinite(a).all():
+        raise ValueError(
+            "array must not contain infs or NaNs")
+    return a
+
+
+def _piecewise_dispatcher(x, condlist, funclist, *args, **kw):
+    yield x
+    # support the undocumented behavior of allowing scalars
+    if np.iterable(condlist):
+        yield from condlist
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_piecewise_dispatcher)
+def piecewise(x, condlist, funclist, *args, **kw):
+    """
+    Evaluate a piecewise-defined function.
+
+    Given a set of conditions and corresponding functions, evaluate each
+    function on the input data wherever its condition is true.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : ndarray or scalar
+        The input domain.
+    condlist : list of bool arrays or bool scalars
+        Each boolean array corresponds to a function in `funclist`.  Wherever
+        `condlist[i]` is True, `funclist[i](x)` is used as the output value.
+
+        Each boolean array in `condlist` selects a piece of `x`,
+        and should therefore be of the same shape as `x`.
+
+        The length of `condlist` must correspond to that of `funclist`.
+        If one extra function is given, i.e. if
+        ``len(funclist) == len(condlist) + 1``, then that extra function
+        is the default value, used wherever all conditions are false.
+    funclist : list of callables, f(x,*args,**kw), or scalars
+        Each function is evaluated over `x` wherever its corresponding
+        condition is True.  It should take a 1d array as input and give an 1d
+        array or a scalar value as output.  If, instead of a callable,
+        a scalar is provided then a constant function (``lambda x: scalar``) is
+        assumed.
+    args : tuple, optional
+        Any further arguments given to `piecewise` are passed to the functions
+        upon execution, i.e., if called ``piecewise(..., ..., 1, 'a')``, then
+        each function is called as ``f(x, 1, 'a')``.
+    kw : dict, optional
+        Keyword arguments used in calling `piecewise` are passed to the
+        functions upon execution, i.e., if called
+        ``piecewise(..., ..., alpha=1)``, then each function is called as
+        ``f(x, alpha=1)``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        The output is the same shape and type as x and is found by
+        calling the functions in `funclist` on the appropriate portions of `x`,
+        as defined by the boolean arrays in `condlist`.  Portions not covered
+        by any condition have a default value of 0.
+
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    choose, select, where
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This is similar to choose or select, except that functions are
+    evaluated on elements of `x` that satisfy the corresponding condition from
+    `condlist`.
+
+    The result is::
+
+            |--
+            |funclist[0](x[condlist[0]])
+      out = |funclist[1](x[condlist[1]])
+            |...
+            |funclist[n2](x[condlist[n2]])
+            |--
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Define the sigma function, which is -1 for ``x < 0`` and +1 for ``x >= 0``.
+
+    >>> x = np.linspace(-2.5, 2.5, 6)
+    >>> np.piecewise(x, [x < 0, x >= 0], [-1, 1])
+    array([-1., -1., -1.,  1.,  1.,  1.])
+
+    Define the absolute value, which is ``-x`` for ``x <0`` and ``x`` for
+    ``x >= 0``.
+
+    >>> np.piecewise(x, [x < 0, x >= 0], [lambda x: -x, lambda x: x])
+    array([2.5,  1.5,  0.5,  0.5,  1.5,  2.5])
+
+    Apply the same function to a scalar value.
+
+    >>> y = -2
+    >>> np.piecewise(y, [y < 0, y >= 0], [lambda x: -x, lambda x: x])
+    array(2)
+
+    """
+    x = asanyarray(x)
+    n2 = len(funclist)
+
+    # undocumented: single condition is promoted to a list of one condition
+    if isscalar(condlist) or (
+            not isinstance(condlist[0], (list, ndarray)) and x.ndim != 0):
+        condlist = [condlist]
+
+    condlist = asarray(condlist, dtype=bool)
+    n = len(condlist)
+
+    if n == n2 - 1:  # compute the "otherwise" condition.
+        condelse = ~np.any(condlist, axis=0, keepdims=True)
+        condlist = np.concatenate([condlist, condelse], axis=0)
+        n += 1
+    elif n != n2:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "with {} condition(s), either {} or {} functions are expected"
+            .format(n, n, n+1)
+        )
+
+    y = zeros_like(x)
+    for cond, func in zip(condlist, funclist):
+        if not isinstance(func, collections.abc.Callable):
+            y[cond] = func
+        else:
+            vals = x[cond]
+            if vals.size > 0:
+                y[cond] = func(vals, *args, **kw)
+
+    return y
+
+
+def _select_dispatcher(condlist, choicelist, default=None):
+    yield from condlist
+    yield from choicelist
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_select_dispatcher)
+def select(condlist, choicelist, default=0):
+    """
+    Return an array drawn from elements in choicelist, depending on conditions.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    condlist : list of bool ndarrays
+        The list of conditions which determine from which array in `choicelist`
+        the output elements are taken. When multiple conditions are satisfied,
+        the first one encountered in `condlist` is used.
+    choicelist : list of ndarrays
+        The list of arrays from which the output elements are taken. It has
+        to be of the same length as `condlist`.
+    default : scalar, optional
+        The element inserted in `output` when all conditions evaluate to False.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    output : ndarray
+        The output at position m is the m-th element of the array in
+        `choicelist` where the m-th element of the corresponding array in
+        `condlist` is True.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    where : Return elements from one of two arrays depending on condition.
+    take, choose, compress, diag, diagonal
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.arange(6)
+    >>> condlist = [x<3, x>3]
+    >>> choicelist = [x, x**2]
+    >>> np.select(condlist, choicelist, 42)
+    array([ 0,  1,  2, 42, 16, 25])
+
+    >>> condlist = [x<=4, x>3]
+    >>> choicelist = [x, x**2]
+    >>> np.select(condlist, choicelist, 55)
+    array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4, 25])
+
+    """
+    # Check the size of condlist and choicelist are the same, or abort.
+    if len(condlist) != len(choicelist):
+        raise ValueError(
+            'list of cases must be same length as list of conditions')
+
+    # Now that the dtype is known, handle the deprecated select([], []) case
+    if len(condlist) == 0:
+        raise ValueError("select with an empty condition list is not possible")
+
+    choicelist = [np.asarray(choice) for choice in choicelist]
+
+    try:
+        intermediate_dtype = np.result_type(*choicelist)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        msg = f'Choicelist elements do not have a common dtype: {e}'
+        raise TypeError(msg) from None
+    default_array = np.asarray(default)
+    choicelist.append(default_array)
+
+    # need to get the result type before broadcasting for correct scalar
+    # behaviour
+    try:
+        dtype = np.result_type(intermediate_dtype, default_array)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        msg = f'Choicelists and default value do not have a common dtype: {e}'
+        raise TypeError(msg) from None
+
+    # Convert conditions to arrays and broadcast conditions and choices
+    # as the shape is needed for the result. Doing it separately optimizes
+    # for example when all choices are scalars.
+    condlist = np.broadcast_arrays(*condlist)
+    choicelist = np.broadcast_arrays(*choicelist)
+
+    # If cond array is not an ndarray in boolean format or scalar bool, abort.
+    for i, cond in enumerate(condlist):
+        if cond.dtype.type is not np.bool_:
+            raise TypeError(
+                'invalid entry {} in condlist: should be boolean ndarray'.format(i))
+
+    if choicelist[0].ndim == 0:
+        # This may be common, so avoid the call.
+        result_shape = condlist[0].shape
+    else:
+        result_shape = np.broadcast_arrays(condlist[0], choicelist[0])[0].shape
+
+    result = np.full(result_shape, choicelist[-1], dtype)
+
+    # Use np.copyto to burn each choicelist array onto result, using the
+    # corresponding condlist as a boolean mask. This is done in reverse
+    # order since the first choice should take precedence.
+    choicelist = choicelist[-2::-1]
+    condlist = condlist[::-1]
+    for choice, cond in zip(choicelist, condlist):
+        np.copyto(result, choice, where=cond)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _copy_dispatcher(a, order=None, subok=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_copy_dispatcher)
+def copy(a, order='K', subok=False):
+    """
+    Return an array copy of the given object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input data.
+    order : {'C', 'F', 'A', 'K'}, optional
+        Controls the memory layout of the copy. 'C' means C-order,
+        'F' means F-order, 'A' means 'F' if `a` is Fortran contiguous,
+        'C' otherwise. 'K' means match the layout of `a` as closely
+        as possible. (Note that this function and :meth:`ndarray.copy` are very
+        similar, but have different default values for their order=
+        arguments.)
+    subok : bool, optional
+        If True, then sub-classes will be passed-through, otherwise the
+        returned array will be forced to be a base-class array (defaults to False).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.19.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    arr : ndarray
+        Array interpretation of `a`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    ndarray.copy : Preferred method for creating an array copy
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This is equivalent to:
+
+    >>> np.array(a, copy=True)  #doctest: +SKIP
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Create an array x, with a reference y and a copy z:
+
+    >>> x = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+    >>> y = x
+    >>> z = np.copy(x)
+
+    Note that, when we modify x, y changes, but not z:
+
+    >>> x[0] = 10
+    >>> x[0] == y[0]
+    True
+    >>> x[0] == z[0]
+    False
+
+    Note that, np.copy clears previously set WRITEABLE=False flag.
+
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+    >>> a.flags["WRITEABLE"] = False
+    >>> b = np.copy(a)
+    >>> b.flags["WRITEABLE"]
+    True
+    >>> b[0] = 3
+    >>> b
+    array([3, 2, 3])
+
+    Note that np.copy is a shallow copy and will not copy object
+    elements within arrays. This is mainly important for arrays
+    containing Python objects. The new array will contain the
+    same object which may lead to surprises if that object can
+    be modified (is mutable):
+
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 'm', [2, 3, 4]], dtype=object)
+    >>> b = np.copy(a)
+    >>> b[2][0] = 10
+    >>> a
+    array([1, 'm', list([10, 3, 4])], dtype=object)
+
+    To ensure all elements within an ``object`` array are copied,
+    use `copy.deepcopy`:
+
+    >>> import copy
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 'm', [2, 3, 4]], dtype=object)
+    >>> c = copy.deepcopy(a)
+    >>> c[2][0] = 10
+    >>> c
+    array([1, 'm', list([10, 3, 4])], dtype=object)
+    >>> a
+    array([1, 'm', list([2, 3, 4])], dtype=object)
+
+    """
+    return array(a, order=order, subok=subok, copy=True)
+
+# Basic operations
+
+
+def _gradient_dispatcher(f, *varargs, axis=None, edge_order=None):
+    yield f
+    yield from varargs
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_gradient_dispatcher)
+def gradient(f, *varargs, axis=None, edge_order=1):
+    """
+    Return the gradient of an N-dimensional array.
+
+    The gradient is computed using second order accurate central differences
+    in the interior points and either first or second order accurate one-sides
+    (forward or backwards) differences at the boundaries.
+    The returned gradient hence has the same shape as the input array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    f : array_like
+        An N-dimensional array containing samples of a scalar function.
+    varargs : list of scalar or array, optional
+        Spacing between f values. Default unitary spacing for all dimensions.
+        Spacing can be specified using:
+
+        1. single scalar to specify a sample distance for all dimensions.
+        2. N scalars to specify a constant sample distance for each dimension.
+           i.e. `dx`, `dy`, `dz`, ...
+        3. N arrays to specify the coordinates of the values along each
+           dimension of F. The length of the array must match the size of
+           the corresponding dimension
+        4. Any combination of N scalars/arrays with the meaning of 2. and 3.
+
+        If `axis` is given, the number of varargs must equal the number of axes.
+        Default: 1.
+
+    edge_order : {1, 2}, optional
+        Gradient is calculated using N-th order accurate differences
+        at the boundaries. Default: 1.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.9.1
+
+    axis : None or int or tuple of ints, optional
+        Gradient is calculated only along the given axis or axes
+        The default (axis = None) is to calculate the gradient for all the axes
+        of the input array. axis may be negative, in which case it counts from
+        the last to the first axis.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.11.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    gradient : ndarray or list of ndarray
+        A list of ndarrays (or a single ndarray if there is only one dimension)
+        corresponding to the derivatives of f with respect to each dimension.
+        Each derivative has the same shape as f.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> f = np.array([1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16], dtype=float)
+    >>> np.gradient(f)
+    array([1. , 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5. ])
+    >>> np.gradient(f, 2)
+    array([0.5 ,  0.75,  1.25,  1.75,  2.25,  2.5 ])
+
+    Spacing can be also specified with an array that represents the coordinates
+    of the values F along the dimensions.
+    For instance a uniform spacing:
+
+    >>> x = np.arange(f.size)
+    >>> np.gradient(f, x)
+    array([1. ,  1.5,  2.5,  3.5,  4.5,  5. ])
+
+    Or a non uniform one:
+
+    >>> x = np.array([0., 1., 1.5, 3.5, 4., 6.], dtype=float)
+    >>> np.gradient(f, x)
+    array([1. ,  3. ,  3.5,  6.7,  6.9,  2.5])
+
+    For two dimensional arrays, the return will be two arrays ordered by
+    axis. In this example the first array stands for the gradient in
+    rows and the second one in columns direction:
+
+    >>> np.gradient(np.array([[1, 2, 6], [3, 4, 5]], dtype=float))
+    [array([[ 2.,  2., -1.],
+           [ 2.,  2., -1.]]), array([[1. , 2.5, 4. ],
+           [1. , 1. , 1. ]])]
+
+    In this example the spacing is also specified:
+    uniform for axis=0 and non uniform for axis=1
+
+    >>> dx = 2.
+    >>> y = [1., 1.5, 3.5]
+    >>> np.gradient(np.array([[1, 2, 6], [3, 4, 5]], dtype=float), dx, y)
+    [array([[ 1. ,  1. , -0.5],
+           [ 1. ,  1. , -0.5]]), array([[2. , 2. , 2. ],
+           [2. , 1.7, 0.5]])]
+
+    It is possible to specify how boundaries are treated using `edge_order`
+
+    >>> x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+    >>> f = x**2
+    >>> np.gradient(f, edge_order=1)
+    array([1.,  2.,  4.,  6.,  7.])
+    >>> np.gradient(f, edge_order=2)
+    array([0., 2., 4., 6., 8.])
+
+    The `axis` keyword can be used to specify a subset of axes of which the
+    gradient is calculated
+
+    >>> np.gradient(np.array([[1, 2, 6], [3, 4, 5]], dtype=float), axis=0)
+    array([[ 2.,  2., -1.],
+           [ 2.,  2., -1.]])
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Assuming that :math:`f\\in C^{3}` (i.e., :math:`f` has at least 3 continuous
+    derivatives) and let :math:`h_{*}` be a non-homogeneous stepsize, we
+    minimize the "consistency error" :math:`\\eta_{i}` between the true gradient
+    and its estimate from a linear combination of the neighboring grid-points:
+
+    .. math::
+
+        \\eta_{i} = f_{i}^{\\left(1\\right)} -
+                    \\left[ \\alpha f\\left(x_{i}\\right) +
+                            \\beta f\\left(x_{i} + h_{d}\\right) +
+                            \\gamma f\\left(x_{i}-h_{s}\\right)
+                    \\right]
+
+    By substituting :math:`f(x_{i} + h_{d})` and :math:`f(x_{i} - h_{s})`
+    with their Taylor series expansion, this translates into solving
+    the following the linear system:
+
+    .. math::
+
+        \\left\\{
+            \\begin{array}{r}
+                \\alpha+\\beta+\\gamma=0 \\\\
+                \\beta h_{d}-\\gamma h_{s}=1 \\\\
+                \\beta h_{d}^{2}+\\gamma h_{s}^{2}=0
+            \\end{array}
+        \\right.
+
+    The resulting approximation of :math:`f_{i}^{(1)}` is the following:
+
+    .. math::
+
+        \\hat f_{i}^{(1)} =
+            \\frac{
+                h_{s}^{2}f\\left(x_{i} + h_{d}\\right)
+                + \\left(h_{d}^{2} - h_{s}^{2}\\right)f\\left(x_{i}\\right)
+                - h_{d}^{2}f\\left(x_{i}-h_{s}\\right)}
+                { h_{s}h_{d}\\left(h_{d} + h_{s}\\right)}
+            + \\mathcal{O}\\left(\\frac{h_{d}h_{s}^{2}
+                                + h_{s}h_{d}^{2}}{h_{d}
+                                + h_{s}}\\right)
+
+    It is worth noting that if :math:`h_{s}=h_{d}`
+    (i.e., data are evenly spaced)
+    we find the standard second order approximation:
+
+    .. math::
+
+        \\hat f_{i}^{(1)}=
+            \\frac{f\\left(x_{i+1}\\right) - f\\left(x_{i-1}\\right)}{2h}
+            + \\mathcal{O}\\left(h^{2}\\right)
+
+    With a similar procedure the forward/backward approximations used for
+    boundaries can be derived.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1]  Quarteroni A., Sacco R., Saleri F. (2007) Numerical Mathematics
+            (Texts in Applied Mathematics). New York: Springer.
+    .. [2]  Durran D. R. (1999) Numerical Methods for Wave Equations
+            in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. New York: Springer.
+    .. [3]  Fornberg B. (1988) Generation of Finite Difference Formulas on
+            Arbitrarily Spaced Grids,
+            Mathematics of Computation 51, no. 184 : 699-706.
+            `PDF `_.
+    """
+    f = np.asanyarray(f)
+    N = f.ndim  # number of dimensions
+
+    if axis is None:
+        axes = tuple(range(N))
+    else:
+        axes = _nx.normalize_axis_tuple(axis, N)
+
+    len_axes = len(axes)
+    n = len(varargs)
+    if n == 0:
+        # no spacing argument - use 1 in all axes
+        dx = [1.0] * len_axes
+    elif n == 1 and np.ndim(varargs[0]) == 0:
+        # single scalar for all axes
+        dx = varargs * len_axes
+    elif n == len_axes:
+        # scalar or 1d array for each axis
+        dx = list(varargs)
+        for i, distances in enumerate(dx):
+            distances = np.asanyarray(distances)
+            if distances.ndim == 0:
+                continue
+            elif distances.ndim != 1:
+                raise ValueError("distances must be either scalars or 1d")
+            if len(distances) != f.shape[axes[i]]:
+                raise ValueError("when 1d, distances must match "
+                                 "the length of the corresponding dimension")
+            if np.issubdtype(distances.dtype, np.integer):
+                # Convert numpy integer types to float64 to avoid modular
+                # arithmetic in np.diff(distances).
+                distances = distances.astype(np.float64)
+            diffx = np.diff(distances)
+            # if distances are constant reduce to the scalar case
+            # since it brings a consistent speedup
+            if (diffx == diffx[0]).all():
+                diffx = diffx[0]
+            dx[i] = diffx
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("invalid number of arguments")
+
+    if edge_order > 2:
+        raise ValueError("'edge_order' greater than 2 not supported")
+
+    # use central differences on interior and one-sided differences on the
+    # endpoints. This preserves second order-accuracy over the full domain.
+
+    outvals = []
+
+    # create slice objects --- initially all are [:, :, ..., :]
+    slice1 = [slice(None)]*N
+    slice2 = [slice(None)]*N
+    slice3 = [slice(None)]*N
+    slice4 = [slice(None)]*N
+
+    otype = f.dtype
+    if otype.type is np.datetime64:
+        # the timedelta dtype with the same unit information
+        otype = np.dtype(otype.name.replace('datetime', 'timedelta'))
+        # view as timedelta to allow addition
+        f = f.view(otype)
+    elif otype.type is np.timedelta64:
+        pass
+    elif np.issubdtype(otype, np.inexact):
+        pass
+    else:
+        # All other types convert to floating point.
+        # First check if f is a numpy integer type; if so, convert f to float64
+        # to avoid modular arithmetic when computing the changes in f.
+        if np.issubdtype(otype, np.integer):
+            f = f.astype(np.float64)
+        otype = np.float64
+
+    for axis, ax_dx in zip(axes, dx):
+        if f.shape[axis] < edge_order + 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Shape of array too small to calculate a numerical gradient, "
+                "at least (edge_order + 1) elements are required.")
+        # result allocation
+        out = np.empty_like(f, dtype=otype)
+
+        # spacing for the current axis
+        uniform_spacing = np.ndim(ax_dx) == 0
+
+        # Numerical differentiation: 2nd order interior
+        slice1[axis] = slice(1, -1)
+        slice2[axis] = slice(None, -2)
+        slice3[axis] = slice(1, -1)
+        slice4[axis] = slice(2, None)
+
+        if uniform_spacing:
+            out[tuple(slice1)] = (f[tuple(slice4)] - f[tuple(slice2)]) / (2. * ax_dx)
+        else:
+            dx1 = ax_dx[0:-1]
+            dx2 = ax_dx[1:]
+            a = -(dx2)/(dx1 * (dx1 + dx2))
+            b = (dx2 - dx1) / (dx1 * dx2)
+            c = dx1 / (dx2 * (dx1 + dx2))
+            # fix the shape for broadcasting
+            shape = np.ones(N, dtype=int)
+            shape[axis] = -1
+            a.shape = b.shape = c.shape = shape
+            # 1D equivalent -- out[1:-1] = a * f[:-2] + b * f[1:-1] + c * f[2:]
+            out[tuple(slice1)] = a * f[tuple(slice2)] + b * f[tuple(slice3)] + c * f[tuple(slice4)]
+
+        # Numerical differentiation: 1st order edges
+        if edge_order == 1:
+            slice1[axis] = 0
+            slice2[axis] = 1
+            slice3[axis] = 0
+            dx_0 = ax_dx if uniform_spacing else ax_dx[0]
+            # 1D equivalent -- out[0] = (f[1] - f[0]) / (x[1] - x[0])
+            out[tuple(slice1)] = (f[tuple(slice2)] - f[tuple(slice3)]) / dx_0
+
+            slice1[axis] = -1
+            slice2[axis] = -1
+            slice3[axis] = -2
+            dx_n = ax_dx if uniform_spacing else ax_dx[-1]
+            # 1D equivalent -- out[-1] = (f[-1] - f[-2]) / (x[-1] - x[-2])
+            out[tuple(slice1)] = (f[tuple(slice2)] - f[tuple(slice3)]) / dx_n
+
+        # Numerical differentiation: 2nd order edges
+        else:
+            slice1[axis] = 0
+            slice2[axis] = 0
+            slice3[axis] = 1
+            slice4[axis] = 2
+            if uniform_spacing:
+                a = -1.5 / ax_dx
+                b = 2. / ax_dx
+                c = -0.5 / ax_dx
+            else:
+                dx1 = ax_dx[0]
+                dx2 = ax_dx[1]
+                a = -(2. * dx1 + dx2)/(dx1 * (dx1 + dx2))
+                b = (dx1 + dx2) / (dx1 * dx2)
+                c = - dx1 / (dx2 * (dx1 + dx2))
+            # 1D equivalent -- out[0] = a * f[0] + b * f[1] + c * f[2]
+            out[tuple(slice1)] = a * f[tuple(slice2)] + b * f[tuple(slice3)] + c * f[tuple(slice4)]
+
+            slice1[axis] = -1
+            slice2[axis] = -3
+            slice3[axis] = -2
+            slice4[axis] = -1
+            if uniform_spacing:
+                a = 0.5 / ax_dx
+                b = -2. / ax_dx
+                c = 1.5 / ax_dx
+            else:
+                dx1 = ax_dx[-2]
+                dx2 = ax_dx[-1]
+                a = (dx2) / (dx1 * (dx1 + dx2))
+                b = - (dx2 + dx1) / (dx1 * dx2)
+                c = (2. * dx2 + dx1) / (dx2 * (dx1 + dx2))
+            # 1D equivalent -- out[-1] = a * f[-3] + b * f[-2] + c * f[-1]
+            out[tuple(slice1)] = a * f[tuple(slice2)] + b * f[tuple(slice3)] + c * f[tuple(slice4)]
+
+        outvals.append(out)
+
+        # reset the slice object in this dimension to ":"
+        slice1[axis] = slice(None)
+        slice2[axis] = slice(None)
+        slice3[axis] = slice(None)
+        slice4[axis] = slice(None)
+
+    if len_axes == 1:
+        return outvals[0]
+    elif np._using_numpy2_behavior():
+        return tuple(outvals)
+    else:
+        return outvals
+
+
+def _diff_dispatcher(a, n=None, axis=None, prepend=None, append=None):
+    return (a, prepend, append)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_diff_dispatcher)
+def diff(a, n=1, axis=-1, prepend=np._NoValue, append=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Calculate the n-th discrete difference along the given axis.
+
+    The first difference is given by ``out[i] = a[i+1] - a[i]`` along
+    the given axis, higher differences are calculated by using `diff`
+    recursively.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array
+    n : int, optional
+        The number of times values are differenced. If zero, the input
+        is returned as-is.
+    axis : int, optional
+        The axis along which the difference is taken, default is the
+        last axis.
+    prepend, append : array_like, optional
+        Values to prepend or append to `a` along axis prior to
+        performing the difference.  Scalar values are expanded to
+        arrays with length 1 in the direction of axis and the shape
+        of the input array in along all other axes.  Otherwise the
+        dimension and shape must match `a` except along axis.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.16.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    diff : ndarray
+        The n-th differences. The shape of the output is the same as `a`
+        except along `axis` where the dimension is smaller by `n`. The
+        type of the output is the same as the type of the difference
+        between any two elements of `a`. This is the same as the type of
+        `a` in most cases. A notable exception is `datetime64`, which
+        results in a `timedelta64` output array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    gradient, ediff1d, cumsum
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Type is preserved for boolean arrays, so the result will contain
+    `False` when consecutive elements are the same and `True` when they
+    differ.
+
+    For unsigned integer arrays, the results will also be unsigned. This
+    should not be surprising, as the result is consistent with
+    calculating the difference directly:
+
+    >>> u8_arr = np.array([1, 0], dtype=np.uint8)
+    >>> np.diff(u8_arr)
+    array([255], dtype=uint8)
+    >>> u8_arr[1,...] - u8_arr[0,...]
+    255
+
+    If this is not desirable, then the array should be cast to a larger
+    integer type first:
+
+    >>> i16_arr = u8_arr.astype(np.int16)
+    >>> np.diff(i16_arr)
+    array([-1], dtype=int16)
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.array([1, 2, 4, 7, 0])
+    >>> np.diff(x)
+    array([ 1,  2,  3, -7])
+    >>> np.diff(x, n=2)
+    array([  1,   1, -10])
+
+    >>> x = np.array([[1, 3, 6, 10], [0, 5, 6, 8]])
+    >>> np.diff(x)
+    array([[2, 3, 4],
+           [5, 1, 2]])
+    >>> np.diff(x, axis=0)
+    array([[-1,  2,  0, -2]])
+
+    >>> x = np.arange('1066-10-13', '1066-10-16', dtype=np.datetime64)
+    >>> np.diff(x)
+    array([1, 1], dtype='timedelta64[D]')
+
+    """
+    if n == 0:
+        return a
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "order must be non-negative but got " + repr(n))
+
+    a = asanyarray(a)
+    nd = a.ndim
+    if nd == 0:
+        raise ValueError("diff requires input that is at least one dimensional")
+    axis = normalize_axis_index(axis, nd)
+
+    combined = []
+    if prepend is not np._NoValue:
+        prepend = np.asanyarray(prepend)
+        if prepend.ndim == 0:
+            shape = list(a.shape)
+            shape[axis] = 1
+            prepend = np.broadcast_to(prepend, tuple(shape))
+        combined.append(prepend)
+
+    combined.append(a)
+
+    if append is not np._NoValue:
+        append = np.asanyarray(append)
+        if append.ndim == 0:
+            shape = list(a.shape)
+            shape[axis] = 1
+            append = np.broadcast_to(append, tuple(shape))
+        combined.append(append)
+
+    if len(combined) > 1:
+        a = np.concatenate(combined, axis)
+
+    slice1 = [slice(None)] * nd
+    slice2 = [slice(None)] * nd
+    slice1[axis] = slice(1, None)
+    slice2[axis] = slice(None, -1)
+    slice1 = tuple(slice1)
+    slice2 = tuple(slice2)
+
+    op = not_equal if a.dtype == np.bool_ else subtract
+    for _ in range(n):
+        a = op(a[slice1], a[slice2])
+
+    return a
+
+
+def _interp_dispatcher(x, xp, fp, left=None, right=None, period=None):
+    return (x, xp, fp)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_interp_dispatcher)
+def interp(x, xp, fp, left=None, right=None, period=None):
+    """
+    One-dimensional linear interpolation for monotonically increasing sample points.
+
+    Returns the one-dimensional piecewise linear interpolant to a function
+    with given discrete data points (`xp`, `fp`), evaluated at `x`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        The x-coordinates at which to evaluate the interpolated values.
+
+    xp : 1-D sequence of floats
+        The x-coordinates of the data points, must be increasing if argument
+        `period` is not specified. Otherwise, `xp` is internally sorted after
+        normalizing the periodic boundaries with ``xp = xp % period``.
+
+    fp : 1-D sequence of float or complex
+        The y-coordinates of the data points, same length as `xp`.
+
+    left : optional float or complex corresponding to fp
+        Value to return for `x < xp[0]`, default is `fp[0]`.
+
+    right : optional float or complex corresponding to fp
+        Value to return for `x > xp[-1]`, default is `fp[-1]`.
+
+    period : None or float, optional
+        A period for the x-coordinates. This parameter allows the proper
+        interpolation of angular x-coordinates. Parameters `left` and `right`
+        are ignored if `period` is specified.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : float or complex (corresponding to fp) or ndarray
+        The interpolated values, same shape as `x`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If `xp` and `fp` have different length
+        If `xp` or `fp` are not 1-D sequences
+        If `period == 0`
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    scipy.interpolate
+
+    Warnings
+    --------
+    The x-coordinate sequence is expected to be increasing, but this is not
+    explicitly enforced.  However, if the sequence `xp` is non-increasing,
+    interpolation results are meaningless.
+
+    Note that, since NaN is unsortable, `xp` also cannot contain NaNs.
+
+    A simple check for `xp` being strictly increasing is::
+
+        np.all(np.diff(xp) > 0)
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> xp = [1, 2, 3]
+    >>> fp = [3, 2, 0]
+    >>> np.interp(2.5, xp, fp)
+    1.0
+    >>> np.interp([0, 1, 1.5, 2.72, 3.14], xp, fp)
+    array([3.  , 3.  , 2.5 , 0.56, 0.  ])
+    >>> UNDEF = -99.0
+    >>> np.interp(3.14, xp, fp, right=UNDEF)
+    -99.0
+
+    Plot an interpolant to the sine function:
+
+    >>> x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 10)
+    >>> y = np.sin(x)
+    >>> xvals = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 50)
+    >>> yinterp = np.interp(xvals, x, y)
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    >>> plt.plot(x, y, 'o')
+    []
+    >>> plt.plot(xvals, yinterp, '-x')
+    []
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    Interpolation with periodic x-coordinates:
+
+    >>> x = [-180, -170, -185, 185, -10, -5, 0, 365]
+    >>> xp = [190, -190, 350, -350]
+    >>> fp = [5, 10, 3, 4]
+    >>> np.interp(x, xp, fp, period=360)
+    array([7.5 , 5.  , 8.75, 6.25, 3.  , 3.25, 3.5 , 3.75])
+
+    Complex interpolation:
+
+    >>> x = [1.5, 4.0]
+    >>> xp = [2,3,5]
+    >>> fp = [1.0j, 0, 2+3j]
+    >>> np.interp(x, xp, fp)
+    array([0.+1.j , 1.+1.5j])
+
+    """
+
+    fp = np.asarray(fp)
+
+    if np.iscomplexobj(fp):
+        interp_func = compiled_interp_complex
+        input_dtype = np.complex128
+    else:
+        interp_func = compiled_interp
+        input_dtype = np.float64
+
+    if period is not None:
+        if period == 0:
+            raise ValueError("period must be a non-zero value")
+        period = abs(period)
+        left = None
+        right = None
+
+        x = np.asarray(x, dtype=np.float64)
+        xp = np.asarray(xp, dtype=np.float64)
+        fp = np.asarray(fp, dtype=input_dtype)
+
+        if xp.ndim != 1 or fp.ndim != 1:
+            raise ValueError("Data points must be 1-D sequences")
+        if xp.shape[0] != fp.shape[0]:
+            raise ValueError("fp and xp are not of the same length")
+        # normalizing periodic boundaries
+        x = x % period
+        xp = xp % period
+        asort_xp = np.argsort(xp)
+        xp = xp[asort_xp]
+        fp = fp[asort_xp]
+        xp = np.concatenate((xp[-1:]-period, xp, xp[0:1]+period))
+        fp = np.concatenate((fp[-1:], fp, fp[0:1]))
+
+    return interp_func(x, xp, fp, left, right)
+
+
+def _angle_dispatcher(z, deg=None):
+    return (z,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_angle_dispatcher)
+def angle(z, deg=False):
+    """
+    Return the angle of the complex argument.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    z : array_like
+        A complex number or sequence of complex numbers.
+    deg : bool, optional
+        Return angle in degrees if True, radians if False (default).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    angle : ndarray or scalar
+        The counterclockwise angle from the positive real axis on the complex
+        plane in the range ``(-pi, pi]``, with dtype as numpy.float64.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.16.0
+            This function works on subclasses of ndarray like `ma.array`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    arctan2
+    absolute
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Although the angle of the complex number 0 is undefined, ``numpy.angle(0)``
+    returns the value 0.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.angle([1.0, 1.0j, 1+1j])               # in radians
+    array([ 0.        ,  1.57079633,  0.78539816]) # may vary
+    >>> np.angle(1+1j, deg=True)                  # in degrees
+    45.0
+
+    """
+    z = asanyarray(z)
+    if issubclass(z.dtype.type, _nx.complexfloating):
+        zimag = z.imag
+        zreal = z.real
+    else:
+        zimag = 0
+        zreal = z
+
+    a = arctan2(zimag, zreal)
+    if deg:
+        a *= 180/pi
+    return a
+
+
+def _unwrap_dispatcher(p, discont=None, axis=None, *, period=None):
+    return (p,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unwrap_dispatcher)
+def unwrap(p, discont=None, axis=-1, *, period=2*pi):
+    r"""
+    Unwrap by taking the complement of large deltas with respect to the period.
+
+    This unwraps a signal `p` by changing elements which have an absolute
+    difference from their predecessor of more than ``max(discont, period/2)``
+    to their `period`-complementary values.
+
+    For the default case where `period` is :math:`2\pi` and `discont` is
+    :math:`\pi`, this unwraps a radian phase `p` such that adjacent differences
+    are never greater than :math:`\pi` by adding :math:`2k\pi` for some
+    integer :math:`k`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    p : array_like
+        Input array.
+    discont : float, optional
+        Maximum discontinuity between values, default is ``period/2``.
+        Values below ``period/2`` are treated as if they were ``period/2``.
+        To have an effect different from the default, `discont` should be
+        larger than ``period/2``.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which unwrap will operate, default is the last axis.
+    period : float, optional
+        Size of the range over which the input wraps. By default, it is
+        ``2 pi``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.21.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Output array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    rad2deg, deg2rad
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    If the discontinuity in `p` is smaller than ``period/2``,
+    but larger than `discont`, no unwrapping is done because taking
+    the complement would only make the discontinuity larger.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> phase = np.linspace(0, np.pi, num=5)
+    >>> phase[3:] += np.pi
+    >>> phase
+    array([ 0.        ,  0.78539816,  1.57079633,  5.49778714,  6.28318531]) # may vary
+    >>> np.unwrap(phase)
+    array([ 0.        ,  0.78539816,  1.57079633, -0.78539816,  0.        ]) # may vary
+    >>> np.unwrap([0, 1, 2, -1, 0], period=4)
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+    >>> np.unwrap([ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3], period=6)
+    array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+    >>> np.unwrap([2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5], period=4)
+    array([2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+    >>> phase_deg = np.mod(np.linspace(0 ,720, 19), 360) - 180
+    >>> np.unwrap(phase_deg, period=360)
+    array([-180., -140., -100.,  -60.,  -20.,   20.,   60.,  100.,  140.,
+            180.,  220.,  260.,  300.,  340.,  380.,  420.,  460.,  500.,
+            540.])
+    """
+    p = asarray(p)
+    nd = p.ndim
+    dd = diff(p, axis=axis)
+    if discont is None:
+        discont = period/2
+    slice1 = [slice(None, None)]*nd     # full slices
+    slice1[axis] = slice(1, None)
+    slice1 = tuple(slice1)
+    dtype = np.result_type(dd, period)
+    if _nx.issubdtype(dtype, _nx.integer):
+        interval_high, rem = divmod(period, 2)
+        boundary_ambiguous = rem == 0
+    else:
+        interval_high = period / 2
+        boundary_ambiguous = True
+    interval_low = -interval_high
+    ddmod = mod(dd - interval_low, period) + interval_low
+    if boundary_ambiguous:
+        # for `mask = (abs(dd) == period/2)`, the above line made
+        # `ddmod[mask] == -period/2`. correct these such that
+        # `ddmod[mask] == sign(dd[mask])*period/2`.
+        _nx.copyto(ddmod, interval_high,
+                   where=(ddmod == interval_low) & (dd > 0))
+    ph_correct = ddmod - dd
+    _nx.copyto(ph_correct, 0, where=abs(dd) < discont)
+    up = array(p, copy=True, dtype=dtype)
+    up[slice1] = p[slice1] + ph_correct.cumsum(axis)
+    return up
+
+
+def _sort_complex(a):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_sort_complex)
+def sort_complex(a):
+    """
+    Sort a complex array using the real part first, then the imaginary part.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : complex ndarray
+        Always returns a sorted complex array.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.sort_complex([5, 3, 6, 2, 1])
+    array([1.+0.j, 2.+0.j, 3.+0.j, 5.+0.j, 6.+0.j])
+
+    >>> np.sort_complex([1 + 2j, 2 - 1j, 3 - 2j, 3 - 3j, 3 + 5j])
+    array([1.+2.j,  2.-1.j,  3.-3.j,  3.-2.j,  3.+5.j])
+
+    """
+    b = array(a, copy=True)
+    b.sort()
+    if not issubclass(b.dtype.type, _nx.complexfloating):
+        if b.dtype.char in 'bhBH':
+            return b.astype('F')
+        elif b.dtype.char == 'g':
+            return b.astype('G')
+        else:
+            return b.astype('D')
+    else:
+        return b
+
+
+def _trim_zeros(filt, trim=None):
+    return (filt,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_trim_zeros)
+def trim_zeros(filt, trim='fb'):
+    """
+    Trim the leading and/or trailing zeros from a 1-D array or sequence.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    filt : 1-D array or sequence
+        Input array.
+    trim : str, optional
+        A string with 'f' representing trim from front and 'b' to trim from
+        back. Default is 'fb', trim zeros from both front and back of the
+        array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    trimmed : 1-D array or sequence
+        The result of trimming the input. The input data type is preserved.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array((0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 2, 1, 0))
+    >>> np.trim_zeros(a)
+    array([1, 2, 3, 0, 2, 1])
+
+    >>> np.trim_zeros(a, 'b')
+    array([0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 2, 1])
+
+    The input data type is preserved, list/tuple in means list/tuple out.
+
+    >>> np.trim_zeros([0, 1, 2, 0])
+    [1, 2]
+
+    """
+
+    first = 0
+    trim = trim.upper()
+    if 'F' in trim:
+        for i in filt:
+            if i != 0.:
+                break
+            else:
+                first = first + 1
+    last = len(filt)
+    if 'B' in trim:
+        for i in filt[::-1]:
+            if i != 0.:
+                break
+            else:
+                last = last - 1
+    return filt[first:last]
+
+
+def _extract_dispatcher(condition, arr):
+    return (condition, arr)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_extract_dispatcher)
+def extract(condition, arr):
+    """
+    Return the elements of an array that satisfy some condition.
+
+    This is equivalent to ``np.compress(ravel(condition), ravel(arr))``.  If
+    `condition` is boolean ``np.extract`` is equivalent to ``arr[condition]``.
+
+    Note that `place` does the exact opposite of `extract`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    condition : array_like
+        An array whose nonzero or True entries indicate the elements of `arr`
+        to extract.
+    arr : array_like
+        Input array of the same size as `condition`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    extract : ndarray
+        Rank 1 array of values from `arr` where `condition` is True.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    take, put, copyto, compress, place
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> arr = np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4))
+    >>> arr
+    array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+           [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+           [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+    >>> condition = np.mod(arr, 3)==0
+    >>> condition
+    array([[ True, False, False,  True],
+           [False, False,  True, False],
+           [False,  True, False, False]])
+    >>> np.extract(condition, arr)
+    array([0, 3, 6, 9])
+
+
+    If `condition` is boolean:
+
+    >>> arr[condition]
+    array([0, 3, 6, 9])
+
+    """
+    return _nx.take(ravel(arr), nonzero(ravel(condition))[0])
+
+
+def _place_dispatcher(arr, mask, vals):
+    return (arr, mask, vals)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_place_dispatcher)
+def place(arr, mask, vals):
+    """
+    Change elements of an array based on conditional and input values.
+
+    Similar to ``np.copyto(arr, vals, where=mask)``, the difference is that
+    `place` uses the first N elements of `vals`, where N is the number of
+    True values in `mask`, while `copyto` uses the elements where `mask`
+    is True.
+
+    Note that `extract` does the exact opposite of `place`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : ndarray
+        Array to put data into.
+    mask : array_like
+        Boolean mask array. Must have the same size as `a`.
+    vals : 1-D sequence
+        Values to put into `a`. Only the first N elements are used, where
+        N is the number of True values in `mask`. If `vals` is smaller
+        than N, it will be repeated, and if elements of `a` are to be masked,
+        this sequence must be non-empty.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    copyto, put, take, extract
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> arr = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
+    >>> np.place(arr, arr>2, [44, 55])
+    >>> arr
+    array([[ 0,  1,  2],
+           [44, 55, 44]])
+
+    """
+    return _place(arr, mask, vals)
+
+
+def disp(mesg, device=None, linefeed=True):
+    """
+    Display a message on a device.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mesg : str
+        Message to display.
+    device : object
+        Device to write message. If None, defaults to ``sys.stdout`` which is
+        very similar to ``print``. `device` needs to have ``write()`` and
+        ``flush()`` methods.
+    linefeed : bool, optional
+        Option whether to print a line feed or not. Defaults to True.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    AttributeError
+        If `device` does not have a ``write()`` or ``flush()`` method.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Besides ``sys.stdout``, a file-like object can also be used as it has
+    both required methods:
+
+    >>> from io import StringIO
+    >>> buf = StringIO()
+    >>> np.disp(u'"Display" in a file', device=buf)
+    >>> buf.getvalue()
+    '"Display" in a file\\n'
+
+    """
+    if device is None:
+        device = sys.stdout
+    if linefeed:
+        device.write('%s\n' % mesg)
+    else:
+        device.write('%s' % mesg)
+    device.flush()
+    return
+
+
+# See https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/c-api.generalized-ufuncs.html
+_DIMENSION_NAME = r'\w+'
+_CORE_DIMENSION_LIST = '(?:{0:}(?:,{0:})*)?'.format(_DIMENSION_NAME)
+_ARGUMENT = r'\({}\)'.format(_CORE_DIMENSION_LIST)
+_ARGUMENT_LIST = '{0:}(?:,{0:})*'.format(_ARGUMENT)
+_SIGNATURE = '^{0:}->{0:}$'.format(_ARGUMENT_LIST)
+
+
+def _parse_gufunc_signature(signature):
+    """
+    Parse string signatures for a generalized universal function.
+
+    Arguments
+    ---------
+    signature : string
+        Generalized universal function signature, e.g., ``(m,n),(n,p)->(m,p)``
+        for ``np.matmul``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Tuple of input and output core dimensions parsed from the signature, each
+    of the form List[Tuple[str, ...]].
+    """
+    signature = re.sub(r'\s+', '', signature)
+
+    if not re.match(_SIGNATURE, signature):
+        raise ValueError(
+            'not a valid gufunc signature: {}'.format(signature))
+    return tuple([tuple(re.findall(_DIMENSION_NAME, arg))
+                  for arg in re.findall(_ARGUMENT, arg_list)]
+                 for arg_list in signature.split('->'))
+
+
+def _update_dim_sizes(dim_sizes, arg, core_dims):
+    """
+    Incrementally check and update core dimension sizes for a single argument.
+
+    Arguments
+    ---------
+    dim_sizes : Dict[str, int]
+        Sizes of existing core dimensions. Will be updated in-place.
+    arg : ndarray
+        Argument to examine.
+    core_dims : Tuple[str, ...]
+        Core dimensions for this argument.
+    """
+    if not core_dims:
+        return
+
+    num_core_dims = len(core_dims)
+    if arg.ndim < num_core_dims:
+        raise ValueError(
+            '%d-dimensional argument does not have enough '
+            'dimensions for all core dimensions %r'
+            % (arg.ndim, core_dims))
+
+    core_shape = arg.shape[-num_core_dims:]
+    for dim, size in zip(core_dims, core_shape):
+        if dim in dim_sizes:
+            if size != dim_sizes[dim]:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'inconsistent size for core dimension %r: %r vs %r'
+                    % (dim, size, dim_sizes[dim]))
+        else:
+            dim_sizes[dim] = size
+
+
+def _parse_input_dimensions(args, input_core_dims):
+    """
+    Parse broadcast and core dimensions for vectorize with a signature.
+
+    Arguments
+    ---------
+    args : Tuple[ndarray, ...]
+        Tuple of input arguments to examine.
+    input_core_dims : List[Tuple[str, ...]]
+        List of core dimensions corresponding to each input.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    broadcast_shape : Tuple[int, ...]
+        Common shape to broadcast all non-core dimensions to.
+    dim_sizes : Dict[str, int]
+        Common sizes for named core dimensions.
+    """
+    broadcast_args = []
+    dim_sizes = {}
+    for arg, core_dims in zip(args, input_core_dims):
+        _update_dim_sizes(dim_sizes, arg, core_dims)
+        ndim = arg.ndim - len(core_dims)
+        dummy_array = np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(0, arg.shape[:ndim])
+        broadcast_args.append(dummy_array)
+    broadcast_shape = np.lib.stride_tricks._broadcast_shape(*broadcast_args)
+    return broadcast_shape, dim_sizes
+
+
+def _calculate_shapes(broadcast_shape, dim_sizes, list_of_core_dims):
+    """Helper for calculating broadcast shapes with core dimensions."""
+    return [broadcast_shape + tuple(dim_sizes[dim] for dim in core_dims)
+            for core_dims in list_of_core_dims]
+
+
+def _create_arrays(broadcast_shape, dim_sizes, list_of_core_dims, dtypes,
+                   results=None):
+    """Helper for creating output arrays in vectorize."""
+    shapes = _calculate_shapes(broadcast_shape, dim_sizes, list_of_core_dims)
+    if dtypes is None:
+        dtypes = [None] * len(shapes)
+    if results is None:
+        arrays = tuple(np.empty(shape=shape, dtype=dtype)
+                       for shape, dtype in zip(shapes, dtypes))
+    else:
+        arrays = tuple(np.empty_like(result, shape=shape, dtype=dtype)
+                       for result, shape, dtype
+                       in zip(results, shapes, dtypes))
+    return arrays
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+class vectorize:
+    """
+    vectorize(pyfunc=np._NoValue, otypes=None, doc=None, excluded=None,
+    cache=False, signature=None)
+
+    Returns an object that acts like pyfunc, but takes arrays as input.
+
+    Define a vectorized function which takes a nested sequence of objects or
+    numpy arrays as inputs and returns a single numpy array or a tuple of numpy
+    arrays. The vectorized function evaluates `pyfunc` over successive tuples
+    of the input arrays like the python map function, except it uses the
+    broadcasting rules of numpy.
+
+    The data type of the output of `vectorized` is determined by calling
+    the function with the first element of the input.  This can be avoided
+    by specifying the `otypes` argument.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    pyfunc : callable, optional
+        A python function or method.
+        Can be omitted to produce a decorator with keyword arguments.
+    otypes : str or list of dtypes, optional
+        The output data type. It must be specified as either a string of
+        typecode characters or a list of data type specifiers. There should
+        be one data type specifier for each output.
+    doc : str, optional
+        The docstring for the function. If None, the docstring will be the
+        ``pyfunc.__doc__``.
+    excluded : set, optional
+        Set of strings or integers representing the positional or keyword
+        arguments for which the function will not be vectorized.  These will be
+        passed directly to `pyfunc` unmodified.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    cache : bool, optional
+        If `True`, then cache the first function call that determines the number
+        of outputs if `otypes` is not provided.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    signature : string, optional
+        Generalized universal function signature, e.g., ``(m,n),(n)->(m)`` for
+        vectorized matrix-vector multiplication. If provided, ``pyfunc`` will
+        be called with (and expected to return) arrays with shapes given by the
+        size of corresponding core dimensions. By default, ``pyfunc`` is
+        assumed to take scalars as input and output.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.12.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : callable
+        A vectorized function if ``pyfunc`` was provided,
+        a decorator otherwise.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    frompyfunc : Takes an arbitrary Python function and returns a ufunc
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The `vectorize` function is provided primarily for convenience, not for
+    performance. The implementation is essentially a for loop.
+
+    If `otypes` is not specified, then a call to the function with the
+    first argument will be used to determine the number of outputs.  The
+    results of this call will be cached if `cache` is `True` to prevent
+    calling the function twice.  However, to implement the cache, the
+    original function must be wrapped which will slow down subsequent
+    calls, so only do this if your function is expensive.
+
+    The new keyword argument interface and `excluded` argument support
+    further degrades performance.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] :doc:`/reference/c-api/generalized-ufuncs`
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> def myfunc(a, b):
+    ...     "Return a-b if a>b, otherwise return a+b"
+    ...     if a > b:
+    ...         return a - b
+    ...     else:
+    ...         return a + b
+
+    >>> vfunc = np.vectorize(myfunc)
+    >>> vfunc([1, 2, 3, 4], 2)
+    array([3, 4, 1, 2])
+
+    The docstring is taken from the input function to `vectorize` unless it
+    is specified:
+
+    >>> vfunc.__doc__
+    'Return a-b if a>b, otherwise return a+b'
+    >>> vfunc = np.vectorize(myfunc, doc='Vectorized `myfunc`')
+    >>> vfunc.__doc__
+    'Vectorized `myfunc`'
+
+    The output type is determined by evaluating the first element of the input,
+    unless it is specified:
+
+    >>> out = vfunc([1, 2, 3, 4], 2)
+    >>> type(out[0])
+    
+    >>> vfunc = np.vectorize(myfunc, otypes=[float])
+    >>> out = vfunc([1, 2, 3, 4], 2)
+    >>> type(out[0])
+    
+
+    The `excluded` argument can be used to prevent vectorizing over certain
+    arguments.  This can be useful for array-like arguments of a fixed length
+    such as the coefficients for a polynomial as in `polyval`:
+
+    >>> def mypolyval(p, x):
+    ...     _p = list(p)
+    ...     res = _p.pop(0)
+    ...     while _p:
+    ...         res = res*x + _p.pop(0)
+    ...     return res
+    >>> vpolyval = np.vectorize(mypolyval, excluded=['p'])
+    >>> vpolyval(p=[1, 2, 3], x=[0, 1])
+    array([3, 6])
+
+    Positional arguments may also be excluded by specifying their position:
+
+    >>> vpolyval.excluded.add(0)
+    >>> vpolyval([1, 2, 3], x=[0, 1])
+    array([3, 6])
+
+    The `signature` argument allows for vectorizing functions that act on
+    non-scalar arrays of fixed length. For example, you can use it for a
+    vectorized calculation of Pearson correlation coefficient and its p-value:
+
+    >>> import scipy.stats
+    >>> pearsonr = np.vectorize(scipy.stats.pearsonr,
+    ...                 signature='(n),(n)->(),()')
+    >>> pearsonr([[0, 1, 2, 3]], [[1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 3, 2, 1]])
+    (array([ 1., -1.]), array([ 0.,  0.]))
+
+    Or for a vectorized convolution:
+
+    >>> convolve = np.vectorize(np.convolve, signature='(n),(m)->(k)')
+    >>> convolve(np.eye(4), [1, 2, 1])
+    array([[1., 2., 1., 0., 0., 0.],
+           [0., 1., 2., 1., 0., 0.],
+           [0., 0., 1., 2., 1., 0.],
+           [0., 0., 0., 1., 2., 1.]])
+
+    Decorator syntax is supported.  The decorator can be called as
+    a function to provide keyword arguments.
+    >>>@np.vectorize
+    ...def identity(x):
+    ...    return x
+    ...
+    >>>identity([0, 1, 2])
+    array([0, 1, 2])
+    >>>@np.vectorize(otypes=[float])
+    ...def as_float(x):
+    ...    return x
+    ...
+    >>>as_float([0, 1, 2])
+    array([0., 1., 2.])
+    """
+    def __init__(self, pyfunc=np._NoValue, otypes=None, doc=None,
+                 excluded=None, cache=False, signature=None):
+
+        if (pyfunc != np._NoValue) and (not callable(pyfunc)):
+            #Splitting the error message to keep
+            #the length below 79 characters.
+            part1 = "When used as a decorator, "
+            part2 = "only accepts keyword arguments."
+            raise TypeError(part1 + part2)
+
+        self.pyfunc = pyfunc
+        self.cache = cache
+        self.signature = signature
+        if pyfunc != np._NoValue and hasattr(pyfunc, '__name__'):
+            self.__name__ = pyfunc.__name__
+
+        self._ufunc = {}    # Caching to improve default performance
+        self._doc = None
+        self.__doc__ = doc
+        if doc is None and hasattr(pyfunc, '__doc__'):
+            self.__doc__ = pyfunc.__doc__
+        else:
+            self._doc = doc
+
+        if isinstance(otypes, str):
+            for char in otypes:
+                if char not in typecodes['All']:
+                    raise ValueError("Invalid otype specified: %s" % (char,))
+        elif iterable(otypes):
+            otypes = ''.join([_nx.dtype(x).char for x in otypes])
+        elif otypes is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid otype specification")
+        self.otypes = otypes
+
+        # Excluded variable support
+        if excluded is None:
+            excluded = set()
+        self.excluded = set(excluded)
+
+        if signature is not None:
+            self._in_and_out_core_dims = _parse_gufunc_signature(signature)
+        else:
+            self._in_and_out_core_dims = None
+
+    def _init_stage_2(self, pyfunc, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.__name__ = pyfunc.__name__
+        self.pyfunc = pyfunc
+        if self._doc is None:
+            self.__doc__ = pyfunc.__doc__
+        else:
+            self.__doc__ = self._doc
+
+    def _call_as_normal(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Return arrays with the results of `pyfunc` broadcast (vectorized) over
+        `args` and `kwargs` not in `excluded`.
+        """
+        excluded = self.excluded
+        if not kwargs and not excluded:
+            func = self.pyfunc
+            vargs = args
+        else:
+            # The wrapper accepts only positional arguments: we use `names` and
+            # `inds` to mutate `the_args` and `kwargs` to pass to the original
+            # function.
+            nargs = len(args)
+
+            names = [_n for _n in kwargs if _n not in excluded]
+            inds = [_i for _i in range(nargs) if _i not in excluded]
+            the_args = list(args)
+
+            def func(*vargs):
+                for _n, _i in enumerate(inds):
+                    the_args[_i] = vargs[_n]
+                kwargs.update(zip(names, vargs[len(inds):]))
+                return self.pyfunc(*the_args, **kwargs)
+
+            vargs = [args[_i] for _i in inds]
+            vargs.extend([kwargs[_n] for _n in names])
+
+        return self._vectorize_call(func=func, args=vargs)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.pyfunc is np._NoValue:
+            self._init_stage_2(*args, **kwargs)
+            return self
+
+        return self._call_as_normal(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _get_ufunc_and_otypes(self, func, args):
+        """Return (ufunc, otypes)."""
+        # frompyfunc will fail if args is empty
+        if not args:
+            raise ValueError('args can not be empty')
+
+        if self.otypes is not None:
+            otypes = self.otypes
+
+            # self._ufunc is a dictionary whose keys are the number of
+            # arguments (i.e. len(args)) and whose values are ufuncs created
+            # by frompyfunc. len(args) can be different for different calls if
+            # self.pyfunc has parameters with default values.  We only use the
+            # cache when func is self.pyfunc, which occurs when the call uses
+            # only positional arguments and no arguments are excluded.
+
+            nin = len(args)
+            nout = len(self.otypes)
+            if func is not self.pyfunc or nin not in self._ufunc:
+                ufunc = frompyfunc(func, nin, nout)
+            else:
+                ufunc = None  # We'll get it from self._ufunc
+            if func is self.pyfunc:
+                ufunc = self._ufunc.setdefault(nin, ufunc)
+        else:
+            # Get number of outputs and output types by calling the function on
+            # the first entries of args.  We also cache the result to prevent
+            # the subsequent call when the ufunc is evaluated.
+            # Assumes that ufunc first evaluates the 0th elements in the input
+            # arrays (the input values are not checked to ensure this)
+            args = [asarray(arg) for arg in args]
+            if builtins.any(arg.size == 0 for arg in args):
+                raise ValueError('cannot call `vectorize` on size 0 inputs '
+                                 'unless `otypes` is set')
+
+            inputs = [arg.flat[0] for arg in args]
+            outputs = func(*inputs)
+
+            # Performance note: profiling indicates that -- for simple
+            # functions at least -- this wrapping can almost double the
+            # execution time.
+            # Hence we make it optional.
+            if self.cache:
+                _cache = [outputs]
+
+                def _func(*vargs):
+                    if _cache:
+                        return _cache.pop()
+                    else:
+                        return func(*vargs)
+            else:
+                _func = func
+
+            if isinstance(outputs, tuple):
+                nout = len(outputs)
+            else:
+                nout = 1
+                outputs = (outputs,)
+
+            otypes = ''.join([asarray(outputs[_k]).dtype.char
+                              for _k in range(nout)])
+
+            # Performance note: profiling indicates that creating the ufunc is
+            # not a significant cost compared with wrapping so it seems not
+            # worth trying to cache this.
+            ufunc = frompyfunc(_func, len(args), nout)
+
+        return ufunc, otypes
+
+    def _vectorize_call(self, func, args):
+        """Vectorized call to `func` over positional `args`."""
+        if self.signature is not None:
+            res = self._vectorize_call_with_signature(func, args)
+        elif not args:
+            res = func()
+        else:
+            ufunc, otypes = self._get_ufunc_and_otypes(func=func, args=args)
+
+            # Convert args to object arrays first
+            inputs = [asanyarray(a, dtype=object) for a in args]
+
+            outputs = ufunc(*inputs)
+
+            if ufunc.nout == 1:
+                res = asanyarray(outputs, dtype=otypes[0])
+            else:
+                res = tuple([asanyarray(x, dtype=t)
+                             for x, t in zip(outputs, otypes)])
+        return res
+
+    def _vectorize_call_with_signature(self, func, args):
+        """Vectorized call over positional arguments with a signature."""
+        input_core_dims, output_core_dims = self._in_and_out_core_dims
+
+        if len(args) != len(input_core_dims):
+            raise TypeError('wrong number of positional arguments: '
+                            'expected %r, got %r'
+                            % (len(input_core_dims), len(args)))
+        args = tuple(asanyarray(arg) for arg in args)
+
+        broadcast_shape, dim_sizes = _parse_input_dimensions(
+            args, input_core_dims)
+        input_shapes = _calculate_shapes(broadcast_shape, dim_sizes,
+                                         input_core_dims)
+        args = [np.broadcast_to(arg, shape, subok=True)
+                for arg, shape in zip(args, input_shapes)]
+
+        outputs = None
+        otypes = self.otypes
+        nout = len(output_core_dims)
+
+        for index in np.ndindex(*broadcast_shape):
+            results = func(*(arg[index] for arg in args))
+
+            n_results = len(results) if isinstance(results, tuple) else 1
+
+            if nout != n_results:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'wrong number of outputs from pyfunc: expected %r, got %r'
+                    % (nout, n_results))
+
+            if nout == 1:
+                results = (results,)
+
+            if outputs is None:
+                for result, core_dims in zip(results, output_core_dims):
+                    _update_dim_sizes(dim_sizes, result, core_dims)
+
+                outputs = _create_arrays(broadcast_shape, dim_sizes,
+                                         output_core_dims, otypes, results)
+
+            for output, result in zip(outputs, results):
+                output[index] = result
+
+        if outputs is None:
+            # did not call the function even once
+            if otypes is None:
+                raise ValueError('cannot call `vectorize` on size 0 inputs '
+                                 'unless `otypes` is set')
+            if builtins.any(dim not in dim_sizes
+                            for dims in output_core_dims
+                            for dim in dims):
+                raise ValueError('cannot call `vectorize` with a signature '
+                                 'including new output dimensions on size 0 '
+                                 'inputs')
+            outputs = _create_arrays(broadcast_shape, dim_sizes,
+                                     output_core_dims, otypes)
+
+        return outputs[0] if nout == 1 else outputs
+
+
+def _cov_dispatcher(m, y=None, rowvar=None, bias=None, ddof=None,
+                    fweights=None, aweights=None, *, dtype=None):
+    return (m, y, fweights, aweights)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_cov_dispatcher)
+def cov(m, y=None, rowvar=True, bias=False, ddof=None, fweights=None,
+        aweights=None, *, dtype=None):
+    """
+    Estimate a covariance matrix, given data and weights.
+
+    Covariance indicates the level to which two variables vary together.
+    If we examine N-dimensional samples, :math:`X = [x_1, x_2, ... x_N]^T`,
+    then the covariance matrix element :math:`C_{ij}` is the covariance of
+    :math:`x_i` and :math:`x_j`. The element :math:`C_{ii}` is the variance
+    of :math:`x_i`.
+
+    See the notes for an outline of the algorithm.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    m : array_like
+        A 1-D or 2-D array containing multiple variables and observations.
+        Each row of `m` represents a variable, and each column a single
+        observation of all those variables. Also see `rowvar` below.
+    y : array_like, optional
+        An additional set of variables and observations. `y` has the same form
+        as that of `m`.
+    rowvar : bool, optional
+        If `rowvar` is True (default), then each row represents a
+        variable, with observations in the columns. Otherwise, the relationship
+        is transposed: each column represents a variable, while the rows
+        contain observations.
+    bias : bool, optional
+        Default normalization (False) is by ``(N - 1)``, where ``N`` is the
+        number of observations given (unbiased estimate). If `bias` is True,
+        then normalization is by ``N``. These values can be overridden by using
+        the keyword ``ddof`` in numpy versions >= 1.5.
+    ddof : int, optional
+        If not ``None`` the default value implied by `bias` is overridden.
+        Note that ``ddof=1`` will return the unbiased estimate, even if both
+        `fweights` and `aweights` are specified, and ``ddof=0`` will return
+        the simple average. See the notes for the details. The default value
+        is ``None``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5
+    fweights : array_like, int, optional
+        1-D array of integer frequency weights; the number of times each
+        observation vector should be repeated.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.10
+    aweights : array_like, optional
+        1-D array of observation vector weights. These relative weights are
+        typically large for observations considered "important" and smaller for
+        observations considered less "important". If ``ddof=0`` the array of
+        weights can be used to assign probabilities to observation vectors.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.10
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        Data-type of the result. By default, the return data-type will have
+        at least `numpy.float64` precision.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.20
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        The covariance matrix of the variables.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    corrcoef : Normalized covariance matrix
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Assume that the observations are in the columns of the observation
+    array `m` and let ``f = fweights`` and ``a = aweights`` for brevity. The
+    steps to compute the weighted covariance are as follows::
+
+        >>> m = np.arange(10, dtype=np.float64)
+        >>> f = np.arange(10) * 2
+        >>> a = np.arange(10) ** 2.
+        >>> ddof = 1
+        >>> w = f * a
+        >>> v1 = np.sum(w)
+        >>> v2 = np.sum(w * a)
+        >>> m -= np.sum(m * w, axis=None, keepdims=True) / v1
+        >>> cov = np.dot(m * w, m.T) * v1 / (v1**2 - ddof * v2)
+
+    Note that when ``a == 1``, the normalization factor
+    ``v1 / (v1**2 - ddof * v2)`` goes over to ``1 / (np.sum(f) - ddof)``
+    as it should.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Consider two variables, :math:`x_0` and :math:`x_1`, which
+    correlate perfectly, but in opposite directions:
+
+    >>> x = np.array([[0, 2], [1, 1], [2, 0]]).T
+    >>> x
+    array([[0, 1, 2],
+           [2, 1, 0]])
+
+    Note how :math:`x_0` increases while :math:`x_1` decreases. The covariance
+    matrix shows this clearly:
+
+    >>> np.cov(x)
+    array([[ 1., -1.],
+           [-1.,  1.]])
+
+    Note that element :math:`C_{0,1}`, which shows the correlation between
+    :math:`x_0` and :math:`x_1`, is negative.
+
+    Further, note how `x` and `y` are combined:
+
+    >>> x = [-2.1, -1,  4.3]
+    >>> y = [3,  1.1,  0.12]
+    >>> X = np.stack((x, y), axis=0)
+    >>> np.cov(X)
+    array([[11.71      , -4.286     ], # may vary
+           [-4.286     ,  2.144133]])
+    >>> np.cov(x, y)
+    array([[11.71      , -4.286     ], # may vary
+           [-4.286     ,  2.144133]])
+    >>> np.cov(x)
+    array(11.71)
+
+    """
+    # Check inputs
+    if ddof is not None and ddof != int(ddof):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "ddof must be integer")
+
+    # Handles complex arrays too
+    m = np.asarray(m)
+    if m.ndim > 2:
+        raise ValueError("m has more than 2 dimensions")
+
+    if y is not None:
+        y = np.asarray(y)
+        if y.ndim > 2:
+            raise ValueError("y has more than 2 dimensions")
+
+    if dtype is None:
+        if y is None:
+            dtype = np.result_type(m, np.float64)
+        else:
+            dtype = np.result_type(m, y, np.float64)
+
+    X = array(m, ndmin=2, dtype=dtype)
+    if not rowvar and X.shape[0] != 1:
+        X = X.T
+    if X.shape[0] == 0:
+        return np.array([]).reshape(0, 0)
+    if y is not None:
+        y = array(y, copy=False, ndmin=2, dtype=dtype)
+        if not rowvar and y.shape[0] != 1:
+            y = y.T
+        X = np.concatenate((X, y), axis=0)
+
+    if ddof is None:
+        if bias == 0:
+            ddof = 1
+        else:
+            ddof = 0
+
+    # Get the product of frequencies and weights
+    w = None
+    if fweights is not None:
+        fweights = np.asarray(fweights, dtype=float)
+        if not np.all(fweights == np.around(fweights)):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "fweights must be integer")
+        if fweights.ndim > 1:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "cannot handle multidimensional fweights")
+        if fweights.shape[0] != X.shape[1]:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "incompatible numbers of samples and fweights")
+        if any(fweights < 0):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "fweights cannot be negative")
+        w = fweights
+    if aweights is not None:
+        aweights = np.asarray(aweights, dtype=float)
+        if aweights.ndim > 1:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "cannot handle multidimensional aweights")
+        if aweights.shape[0] != X.shape[1]:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "incompatible numbers of samples and aweights")
+        if any(aweights < 0):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "aweights cannot be negative")
+        if w is None:
+            w = aweights
+        else:
+            w *= aweights
+
+    avg, w_sum = average(X, axis=1, weights=w, returned=True)
+    w_sum = w_sum[0]
+
+    # Determine the normalization
+    if w is None:
+        fact = X.shape[1] - ddof
+    elif ddof == 0:
+        fact = w_sum
+    elif aweights is None:
+        fact = w_sum - ddof
+    else:
+        fact = w_sum - ddof*sum(w*aweights)/w_sum
+
+    if fact <= 0:
+        warnings.warn("Degrees of freedom <= 0 for slice",
+                      RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        fact = 0.0
+
+    X -= avg[:, None]
+    if w is None:
+        X_T = X.T
+    else:
+        X_T = (X*w).T
+    c = dot(X, X_T.conj())
+    c *= np.true_divide(1, fact)
+    return c.squeeze()
+
+
+def _corrcoef_dispatcher(x, y=None, rowvar=None, bias=None, ddof=None, *,
+                         dtype=None):
+    return (x, y)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_corrcoef_dispatcher)
+def corrcoef(x, y=None, rowvar=True, bias=np._NoValue, ddof=np._NoValue, *,
+             dtype=None):
+    """
+    Return Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients.
+
+    Please refer to the documentation for `cov` for more detail.  The
+    relationship between the correlation coefficient matrix, `R`, and the
+    covariance matrix, `C`, is
+
+    .. math:: R_{ij} = \\frac{ C_{ij} } { \\sqrt{ C_{ii} C_{jj} } }
+
+    The values of `R` are between -1 and 1, inclusive.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        A 1-D or 2-D array containing multiple variables and observations.
+        Each row of `x` represents a variable, and each column a single
+        observation of all those variables. Also see `rowvar` below.
+    y : array_like, optional
+        An additional set of variables and observations. `y` has the same
+        shape as `x`.
+    rowvar : bool, optional
+        If `rowvar` is True (default), then each row represents a
+        variable, with observations in the columns. Otherwise, the relationship
+        is transposed: each column represents a variable, while the rows
+        contain observations.
+    bias : _NoValue, optional
+        Has no effect, do not use.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.10.0
+    ddof : _NoValue, optional
+        Has no effect, do not use.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.10.0
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        Data-type of the result. By default, the return data-type will have
+        at least `numpy.float64` precision.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.20
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    R : ndarray
+        The correlation coefficient matrix of the variables.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    cov : Covariance matrix
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Due to floating point rounding the resulting array may not be Hermitian,
+    the diagonal elements may not be 1, and the elements may not satisfy the
+    inequality abs(a) <= 1. The real and imaginary parts are clipped to the
+    interval [-1,  1] in an attempt to improve on that situation but is not
+    much help in the complex case.
+
+    This function accepts but discards arguments `bias` and `ddof`.  This is
+    for backwards compatibility with previous versions of this function.  These
+    arguments had no effect on the return values of the function and can be
+    safely ignored in this and previous versions of numpy.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    In this example we generate two random arrays, ``xarr`` and ``yarr``, and
+    compute the row-wise and column-wise Pearson correlation coefficients,
+    ``R``. Since ``rowvar`` is  true by  default, we first find the row-wise
+    Pearson correlation coefficients between the variables of ``xarr``.
+
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> rng = np.random.default_rng(seed=42)
+    >>> xarr = rng.random((3, 3))
+    >>> xarr
+    array([[0.77395605, 0.43887844, 0.85859792],
+           [0.69736803, 0.09417735, 0.97562235],
+           [0.7611397 , 0.78606431, 0.12811363]])
+    >>> R1 = np.corrcoef(xarr)
+    >>> R1
+    array([[ 1.        ,  0.99256089, -0.68080986],
+           [ 0.99256089,  1.        , -0.76492172],
+           [-0.68080986, -0.76492172,  1.        ]])
+
+    If we add another set of variables and observations ``yarr``, we can
+    compute the row-wise Pearson correlation coefficients between the
+    variables in ``xarr`` and ``yarr``.
+
+    >>> yarr = rng.random((3, 3))
+    >>> yarr
+    array([[0.45038594, 0.37079802, 0.92676499],
+           [0.64386512, 0.82276161, 0.4434142 ],
+           [0.22723872, 0.55458479, 0.06381726]])
+    >>> R2 = np.corrcoef(xarr, yarr)
+    >>> R2
+    array([[ 1.        ,  0.99256089, -0.68080986,  0.75008178, -0.934284  ,
+            -0.99004057],
+           [ 0.99256089,  1.        , -0.76492172,  0.82502011, -0.97074098,
+            -0.99981569],
+           [-0.68080986, -0.76492172,  1.        , -0.99507202,  0.89721355,
+             0.77714685],
+           [ 0.75008178,  0.82502011, -0.99507202,  1.        , -0.93657855,
+            -0.83571711],
+           [-0.934284  , -0.97074098,  0.89721355, -0.93657855,  1.        ,
+             0.97517215],
+           [-0.99004057, -0.99981569,  0.77714685, -0.83571711,  0.97517215,
+             1.        ]])
+
+    Finally if we use the option ``rowvar=False``, the columns are now
+    being treated as the variables and we will find the column-wise Pearson
+    correlation coefficients between variables in ``xarr`` and ``yarr``.
+
+    >>> R3 = np.corrcoef(xarr, yarr, rowvar=False)
+    >>> R3
+    array([[ 1.        ,  0.77598074, -0.47458546, -0.75078643, -0.9665554 ,
+             0.22423734],
+           [ 0.77598074,  1.        , -0.92346708, -0.99923895, -0.58826587,
+            -0.44069024],
+           [-0.47458546, -0.92346708,  1.        ,  0.93773029,  0.23297648,
+             0.75137473],
+           [-0.75078643, -0.99923895,  0.93773029,  1.        ,  0.55627469,
+             0.47536961],
+           [-0.9665554 , -0.58826587,  0.23297648,  0.55627469,  1.        ,
+            -0.46666491],
+           [ 0.22423734, -0.44069024,  0.75137473,  0.47536961, -0.46666491,
+             1.        ]])
+
+    """
+    if bias is not np._NoValue or ddof is not np._NoValue:
+        # 2015-03-15, 1.10
+        warnings.warn('bias and ddof have no effect and are deprecated',
+                      DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    c = cov(x, y, rowvar, dtype=dtype)
+    try:
+        d = diag(c)
+    except ValueError:
+        # scalar covariance
+        # nan if incorrect value (nan, inf, 0), 1 otherwise
+        return c / c
+    stddev = sqrt(d.real)
+    c /= stddev[:, None]
+    c /= stddev[None, :]
+
+    # Clip real and imaginary parts to [-1, 1].  This does not guarantee
+    # abs(a[i,j]) <= 1 for complex arrays, but is the best we can do without
+    # excessive work.
+    np.clip(c.real, -1, 1, out=c.real)
+    if np.iscomplexobj(c):
+        np.clip(c.imag, -1, 1, out=c.imag)
+
+    return c
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def blackman(M):
+    """
+    Return the Blackman window.
+
+    The Blackman window is a taper formed by using the first three
+    terms of a summation of cosines. It was designed to have close to the
+    minimal leakage possible.  It is close to optimal, only slightly worse
+    than a Kaiser window.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    M : int
+        Number of points in the output window. If zero or less, an empty
+        array is returned.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        The window, with the maximum value normalized to one (the value one
+        appears only if the number of samples is odd).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    bartlett, hamming, hanning, kaiser
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The Blackman window is defined as
+
+    .. math::  w(n) = 0.42 - 0.5 \\cos(2\\pi n/M) + 0.08 \\cos(4\\pi n/M)
+
+    Most references to the Blackman window come from the signal processing
+    literature, where it is used as one of many windowing functions for
+    smoothing values.  It is also known as an apodization (which means
+    "removing the foot", i.e. smoothing discontinuities at the beginning
+    and end of the sampled signal) or tapering function. It is known as a
+    "near optimal" tapering function, almost as good (by some measures)
+    as the kaiser window.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    Blackman, R.B. and Tukey, J.W., (1958) The measurement of power spectra,
+    Dover Publications, New York.
+
+    Oppenheim, A.V., and R.W. Schafer. Discrete-Time Signal Processing.
+    Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1999, pp. 468-471.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    >>> np.blackman(12)
+    array([-1.38777878e-17,   3.26064346e-02,   1.59903635e-01, # may vary
+            4.14397981e-01,   7.36045180e-01,   9.67046769e-01,
+            9.67046769e-01,   7.36045180e-01,   4.14397981e-01,
+            1.59903635e-01,   3.26064346e-02,  -1.38777878e-17])
+
+    Plot the window and the frequency response:
+
+    >>> from numpy.fft import fft, fftshift
+    >>> window = np.blackman(51)
+    >>> plt.plot(window)
+    []
+    >>> plt.title("Blackman window")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Blackman window')
+    >>> plt.ylabel("Amplitude")
+    Text(0, 0.5, 'Amplitude')
+    >>> plt.xlabel("Sample")
+    Text(0.5, 0, 'Sample')
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    >>> plt.figure()
+    

+    >>> A = fft(window, 2048) / 25.5
+    >>> mag = np.abs(fftshift(A))
+    >>> freq = np.linspace(-0.5, 0.5, len(A))
+    >>> with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+    ...     response = 20 * np.log10(mag)
+    ...
+    >>> response = np.clip(response, -100, 100)
+    >>> plt.plot(freq, response)
+    []
+    >>> plt.title("Frequency response of Blackman window")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Frequency response of Blackman window')
+    >>> plt.ylabel("Magnitude [dB]")
+    Text(0, 0.5, 'Magnitude [dB]')
+    >>> plt.xlabel("Normalized frequency [cycles per sample]")
+    Text(0.5, 0, 'Normalized frequency [cycles per sample]')
+    >>> _ = plt.axis('tight')
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    """
+    # Ensures at least float64 via 0.0.  M should be an integer, but conversion
+    # to double is safe for a range.
+    values = np.array([0.0, M])
+    M = values[1]
+
+    if M < 1:
+        return array([], dtype=values.dtype)
+    if M == 1:
+        return ones(1, dtype=values.dtype)
+    n = arange(1-M, M, 2)
+    return 0.42 + 0.5*cos(pi*n/(M-1)) + 0.08*cos(2.0*pi*n/(M-1))
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def bartlett(M):
+    """
+    Return the Bartlett window.
+
+    The Bartlett window is very similar to a triangular window, except
+    that the end points are at zero.  It is often used in signal
+    processing for tapering a signal, without generating too much
+    ripple in the frequency domain.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    M : int
+        Number of points in the output window. If zero or less, an
+        empty array is returned.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : array
+        The triangular window, with the maximum value normalized to one
+        (the value one appears only if the number of samples is odd), with
+        the first and last samples equal to zero.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    blackman, hamming, hanning, kaiser
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The Bartlett window is defined as
+
+    .. math:: w(n) = \\frac{2}{M-1} \\left(
+              \\frac{M-1}{2} - \\left|n - \\frac{M-1}{2}\\right|
+              \\right)
+
+    Most references to the Bartlett window come from the signal processing
+    literature, where it is used as one of many windowing functions for
+    smoothing values.  Note that convolution with this window produces linear
+    interpolation.  It is also known as an apodization (which means "removing
+    the foot", i.e. smoothing discontinuities at the beginning and end of the
+    sampled signal) or tapering function. The Fourier transform of the
+    Bartlett window is the product of two sinc functions. Note the excellent
+    discussion in Kanasewich [2]_.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] M.S. Bartlett, "Periodogram Analysis and Continuous Spectra",
+           Biometrika 37, 1-16, 1950.
+    .. [2] E.R. Kanasewich, "Time Sequence Analysis in Geophysics",
+           The University of Alberta Press, 1975, pp. 109-110.
+    .. [3] A.V. Oppenheim and R.W. Schafer, "Discrete-Time Signal
+           Processing", Prentice-Hall, 1999, pp. 468-471.
+    .. [4] Wikipedia, "Window function",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_function
+    .. [5] W.H. Press,  B.P. Flannery, S.A. Teukolsky, and W.T. Vetterling,
+           "Numerical Recipes", Cambridge University Press, 1986, page 429.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    >>> np.bartlett(12)
+    array([ 0.        ,  0.18181818,  0.36363636,  0.54545455,  0.72727273, # may vary
+            0.90909091,  0.90909091,  0.72727273,  0.54545455,  0.36363636,
+            0.18181818,  0.        ])
+
+    Plot the window and its frequency response (requires SciPy and matplotlib):
+
+    >>> from numpy.fft import fft, fftshift
+    >>> window = np.bartlett(51)
+    >>> plt.plot(window)
+    []
+    >>> plt.title("Bartlett window")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Bartlett window')
+    >>> plt.ylabel("Amplitude")
+    Text(0, 0.5, 'Amplitude')
+    >>> plt.xlabel("Sample")
+    Text(0.5, 0, 'Sample')
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    >>> plt.figure()
+    

+    >>> A = fft(window, 2048) / 25.5
+    >>> mag = np.abs(fftshift(A))
+    >>> freq = np.linspace(-0.5, 0.5, len(A))
+    >>> with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+    ...     response = 20 * np.log10(mag)
+    ...
+    >>> response = np.clip(response, -100, 100)
+    >>> plt.plot(freq, response)
+    []
+    >>> plt.title("Frequency response of Bartlett window")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Frequency response of Bartlett window')
+    >>> plt.ylabel("Magnitude [dB]")
+    Text(0, 0.5, 'Magnitude [dB]')
+    >>> plt.xlabel("Normalized frequency [cycles per sample]")
+    Text(0.5, 0, 'Normalized frequency [cycles per sample]')
+    >>> _ = plt.axis('tight')
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    """
+    # Ensures at least float64 via 0.0.  M should be an integer, but conversion
+    # to double is safe for a range.
+    values = np.array([0.0, M])
+    M = values[1]
+
+    if M < 1:
+        return array([], dtype=values.dtype)
+    if M == 1:
+        return ones(1, dtype=values.dtype)
+    n = arange(1-M, M, 2)
+    return where(less_equal(n, 0), 1 + n/(M-1), 1 - n/(M-1))
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def hanning(M):
+    """
+    Return the Hanning window.
+
+    The Hanning window is a taper formed by using a weighted cosine.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    M : int
+        Number of points in the output window. If zero or less, an
+        empty array is returned.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray, shape(M,)
+        The window, with the maximum value normalized to one (the value
+        one appears only if `M` is odd).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    bartlett, blackman, hamming, kaiser
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The Hanning window is defined as
+
+    .. math::  w(n) = 0.5 - 0.5\\cos\\left(\\frac{2\\pi{n}}{M-1}\\right)
+               \\qquad 0 \\leq n \\leq M-1
+
+    The Hanning was named for Julius von Hann, an Austrian meteorologist.
+    It is also known as the Cosine Bell. Some authors prefer that it be
+    called a Hann window, to help avoid confusion with the very similar
+    Hamming window.
+
+    Most references to the Hanning window come from the signal processing
+    literature, where it is used as one of many windowing functions for
+    smoothing values.  It is also known as an apodization (which means
+    "removing the foot", i.e. smoothing discontinuities at the beginning
+    and end of the sampled signal) or tapering function.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Blackman, R.B. and Tukey, J.W., (1958) The measurement of power
+           spectra, Dover Publications, New York.
+    .. [2] E.R. Kanasewich, "Time Sequence Analysis in Geophysics",
+           The University of Alberta Press, 1975, pp. 106-108.
+    .. [3] Wikipedia, "Window function",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_function
+    .. [4] W.H. Press,  B.P. Flannery, S.A. Teukolsky, and W.T. Vetterling,
+           "Numerical Recipes", Cambridge University Press, 1986, page 425.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.hanning(12)
+    array([0.        , 0.07937323, 0.29229249, 0.57115742, 0.82743037,
+           0.97974649, 0.97974649, 0.82743037, 0.57115742, 0.29229249,
+           0.07937323, 0.        ])
+
+    Plot the window and its frequency response:
+
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    >>> from numpy.fft import fft, fftshift
+    >>> window = np.hanning(51)
+    >>> plt.plot(window)
+    []
+    >>> plt.title("Hann window")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Hann window')
+    >>> plt.ylabel("Amplitude")
+    Text(0, 0.5, 'Amplitude')
+    >>> plt.xlabel("Sample")
+    Text(0.5, 0, 'Sample')
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    >>> plt.figure()
+    

+    >>> A = fft(window, 2048) / 25.5
+    >>> mag = np.abs(fftshift(A))
+    >>> freq = np.linspace(-0.5, 0.5, len(A))
+    >>> with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+    ...     response = 20 * np.log10(mag)
+    ...
+    >>> response = np.clip(response, -100, 100)
+    >>> plt.plot(freq, response)
+    []
+    >>> plt.title("Frequency response of the Hann window")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Frequency response of the Hann window')
+    >>> plt.ylabel("Magnitude [dB]")
+    Text(0, 0.5, 'Magnitude [dB]')
+    >>> plt.xlabel("Normalized frequency [cycles per sample]")
+    Text(0.5, 0, 'Normalized frequency [cycles per sample]')
+    >>> plt.axis('tight')
+    ...
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    """
+    # Ensures at least float64 via 0.0.  M should be an integer, but conversion
+    # to double is safe for a range.
+    values = np.array([0.0, M])
+    M = values[1]
+
+    if M < 1:
+        return array([], dtype=values.dtype)
+    if M == 1:
+        return ones(1, dtype=values.dtype)
+    n = arange(1-M, M, 2)
+    return 0.5 + 0.5*cos(pi*n/(M-1))
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def hamming(M):
+    """
+    Return the Hamming window.
+
+    The Hamming window is a taper formed by using a weighted cosine.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    M : int
+        Number of points in the output window. If zero or less, an
+        empty array is returned.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        The window, with the maximum value normalized to one (the value
+        one appears only if the number of samples is odd).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    bartlett, blackman, hanning, kaiser
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The Hamming window is defined as
+
+    .. math::  w(n) = 0.54 - 0.46\\cos\\left(\\frac{2\\pi{n}}{M-1}\\right)
+               \\qquad 0 \\leq n \\leq M-1
+
+    The Hamming was named for R. W. Hamming, an associate of J. W. Tukey
+    and is described in Blackman and Tukey. It was recommended for
+    smoothing the truncated autocovariance function in the time domain.
+    Most references to the Hamming window come from the signal processing
+    literature, where it is used as one of many windowing functions for
+    smoothing values.  It is also known as an apodization (which means
+    "removing the foot", i.e. smoothing discontinuities at the beginning
+    and end of the sampled signal) or tapering function.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Blackman, R.B. and Tukey, J.W., (1958) The measurement of power
+           spectra, Dover Publications, New York.
+    .. [2] E.R. Kanasewich, "Time Sequence Analysis in Geophysics", The
+           University of Alberta Press, 1975, pp. 109-110.
+    .. [3] Wikipedia, "Window function",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_function
+    .. [4] W.H. Press,  B.P. Flannery, S.A. Teukolsky, and W.T. Vetterling,
+           "Numerical Recipes", Cambridge University Press, 1986, page 425.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.hamming(12)
+    array([ 0.08      ,  0.15302337,  0.34890909,  0.60546483,  0.84123594, # may vary
+            0.98136677,  0.98136677,  0.84123594,  0.60546483,  0.34890909,
+            0.15302337,  0.08      ])
+
+    Plot the window and the frequency response:
+
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    >>> from numpy.fft import fft, fftshift
+    >>> window = np.hamming(51)
+    >>> plt.plot(window)
+    []
+    >>> plt.title("Hamming window")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Hamming window')
+    >>> plt.ylabel("Amplitude")
+    Text(0, 0.5, 'Amplitude')
+    >>> plt.xlabel("Sample")
+    Text(0.5, 0, 'Sample')
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    >>> plt.figure()
+    

+    >>> A = fft(window, 2048) / 25.5
+    >>> mag = np.abs(fftshift(A))
+    >>> freq = np.linspace(-0.5, 0.5, len(A))
+    >>> response = 20 * np.log10(mag)
+    >>> response = np.clip(response, -100, 100)
+    >>> plt.plot(freq, response)
+    []
+    >>> plt.title("Frequency response of Hamming window")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Frequency response of Hamming window')
+    >>> plt.ylabel("Magnitude [dB]")
+    Text(0, 0.5, 'Magnitude [dB]')
+    >>> plt.xlabel("Normalized frequency [cycles per sample]")
+    Text(0.5, 0, 'Normalized frequency [cycles per sample]')
+    >>> plt.axis('tight')
+    ...
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    """
+    # Ensures at least float64 via 0.0.  M should be an integer, but conversion
+    # to double is safe for a range.
+    values = np.array([0.0, M])
+    M = values[1]
+
+    if M < 1:
+        return array([], dtype=values.dtype)
+    if M == 1:
+        return ones(1, dtype=values.dtype)
+    n = arange(1-M, M, 2)
+    return 0.54 + 0.46*cos(pi*n/(M-1))
+
+
+## Code from cephes for i0
+
+_i0A = [
+    -4.41534164647933937950E-18,
+    3.33079451882223809783E-17,
+    -2.43127984654795469359E-16,
+    1.71539128555513303061E-15,
+    -1.16853328779934516808E-14,
+    7.67618549860493561688E-14,
+    -4.85644678311192946090E-13,
+    2.95505266312963983461E-12,
+    -1.72682629144155570723E-11,
+    9.67580903537323691224E-11,
+    -5.18979560163526290666E-10,
+    2.65982372468238665035E-9,
+    -1.30002500998624804212E-8,
+    6.04699502254191894932E-8,
+    -2.67079385394061173391E-7,
+    1.11738753912010371815E-6,
+    -4.41673835845875056359E-6,
+    1.64484480707288970893E-5,
+    -5.75419501008210370398E-5,
+    1.88502885095841655729E-4,
+    -5.76375574538582365885E-4,
+    1.63947561694133579842E-3,
+    -4.32430999505057594430E-3,
+    1.05464603945949983183E-2,
+    -2.37374148058994688156E-2,
+    4.93052842396707084878E-2,
+    -9.49010970480476444210E-2,
+    1.71620901522208775349E-1,
+    -3.04682672343198398683E-1,
+    6.76795274409476084995E-1
+    ]
+
+_i0B = [
+    -7.23318048787475395456E-18,
+    -4.83050448594418207126E-18,
+    4.46562142029675999901E-17,
+    3.46122286769746109310E-17,
+    -2.82762398051658348494E-16,
+    -3.42548561967721913462E-16,
+    1.77256013305652638360E-15,
+    3.81168066935262242075E-15,
+    -9.55484669882830764870E-15,
+    -4.15056934728722208663E-14,
+    1.54008621752140982691E-14,
+    3.85277838274214270114E-13,
+    7.18012445138366623367E-13,
+    -1.79417853150680611778E-12,
+    -1.32158118404477131188E-11,
+    -3.14991652796324136454E-11,
+    1.18891471078464383424E-11,
+    4.94060238822496958910E-10,
+    3.39623202570838634515E-9,
+    2.26666899049817806459E-8,
+    2.04891858946906374183E-7,
+    2.89137052083475648297E-6,
+    6.88975834691682398426E-5,
+    3.36911647825569408990E-3,
+    8.04490411014108831608E-1
+    ]
+
+
+def _chbevl(x, vals):
+    b0 = vals[0]
+    b1 = 0.0
+
+    for i in range(1, len(vals)):
+        b2 = b1
+        b1 = b0
+        b0 = x*b1 - b2 + vals[i]
+
+    return 0.5*(b0 - b2)
+
+
+def _i0_1(x):
+    return exp(x) * _chbevl(x/2.0-2, _i0A)
+
+
+def _i0_2(x):
+    return exp(x) * _chbevl(32.0/x - 2.0, _i0B) / sqrt(x)
+
+
+def _i0_dispatcher(x):
+    return (x,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_i0_dispatcher)
+def i0(x):
+    """
+    Modified Bessel function of the first kind, order 0.
+
+    Usually denoted :math:`I_0`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like of float
+        Argument of the Bessel function.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray, shape = x.shape, dtype = float
+        The modified Bessel function evaluated at each of the elements of `x`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    scipy.special.i0, scipy.special.iv, scipy.special.ive
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The scipy implementation is recommended over this function: it is a
+    proper ufunc written in C, and more than an order of magnitude faster.
+
+    We use the algorithm published by Clenshaw [1]_ and referenced by
+    Abramowitz and Stegun [2]_, for which the function domain is
+    partitioned into the two intervals [0,8] and (8,inf), and Chebyshev
+    polynomial expansions are employed in each interval. Relative error on
+    the domain [0,30] using IEEE arithmetic is documented [3]_ as having a
+    peak of 5.8e-16 with an rms of 1.4e-16 (n = 30000).
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] C. W. Clenshaw, "Chebyshev series for mathematical functions", in
+           *National Physical Laboratory Mathematical Tables*, vol. 5, London:
+           Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1962.
+    .. [2] M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, *Handbook of Mathematical
+           Functions*, 10th printing, New York: Dover, 1964, pp. 379.
+           https://personal.math.ubc.ca/~cbm/aands/page_379.htm
+    .. [3] https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/Math-Cephes/lib/Math/Cephes.pod#i0:-Modified-Bessel-function-of-order-zero
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.i0(0.)
+    array(1.0)
+    >>> np.i0([0, 1, 2, 3])
+    array([1.        , 1.26606588, 2.2795853 , 4.88079259])
+
+    """
+    x = np.asanyarray(x)
+    if x.dtype.kind == 'c':
+        raise TypeError("i0 not supported for complex values")
+    if x.dtype.kind != 'f':
+        x = x.astype(float)
+    x = np.abs(x)
+    return piecewise(x, [x <= 8.0], [_i0_1, _i0_2])
+
+## End of cephes code for i0
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def kaiser(M, beta):
+    """
+    Return the Kaiser window.
+
+    The Kaiser window is a taper formed by using a Bessel function.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    M : int
+        Number of points in the output window. If zero or less, an
+        empty array is returned.
+    beta : float
+        Shape parameter for window.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : array
+        The window, with the maximum value normalized to one (the value
+        one appears only if the number of samples is odd).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    bartlett, blackman, hamming, hanning
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The Kaiser window is defined as
+
+    .. math::  w(n) = I_0\\left( \\beta \\sqrt{1-\\frac{4n^2}{(M-1)^2}}
+               \\right)/I_0(\\beta)
+
+    with
+
+    .. math:: \\quad -\\frac{M-1}{2} \\leq n \\leq \\frac{M-1}{2},
+
+    where :math:`I_0` is the modified zeroth-order Bessel function.
+
+    The Kaiser was named for Jim Kaiser, who discovered a simple
+    approximation to the DPSS window based on Bessel functions.  The Kaiser
+    window is a very good approximation to the Digital Prolate Spheroidal
+    Sequence, or Slepian window, which is the transform which maximizes the
+    energy in the main lobe of the window relative to total energy.
+
+    The Kaiser can approximate many other windows by varying the beta
+    parameter.
+
+    ====  =======================
+    beta  Window shape
+    ====  =======================
+    0     Rectangular
+    5     Similar to a Hamming
+    6     Similar to a Hanning
+    8.6   Similar to a Blackman
+    ====  =======================
+
+    A beta value of 14 is probably a good starting point. Note that as beta
+    gets large, the window narrows, and so the number of samples needs to be
+    large enough to sample the increasingly narrow spike, otherwise NaNs will
+    get returned.
+
+    Most references to the Kaiser window come from the signal processing
+    literature, where it is used as one of many windowing functions for
+    smoothing values.  It is also known as an apodization (which means
+    "removing the foot", i.e. smoothing discontinuities at the beginning
+    and end of the sampled signal) or tapering function.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] J. F. Kaiser, "Digital Filters" - Ch 7 in "Systems analysis by
+           digital computer", Editors: F.F. Kuo and J.F. Kaiser, p 218-285.
+           John Wiley and Sons, New York, (1966).
+    .. [2] E.R. Kanasewich, "Time Sequence Analysis in Geophysics", The
+           University of Alberta Press, 1975, pp. 177-178.
+    .. [3] Wikipedia, "Window function",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_function
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    >>> np.kaiser(12, 14)
+     array([7.72686684e-06, 3.46009194e-03, 4.65200189e-02, # may vary
+            2.29737120e-01, 5.99885316e-01, 9.45674898e-01,
+            9.45674898e-01, 5.99885316e-01, 2.29737120e-01,
+            4.65200189e-02, 3.46009194e-03, 7.72686684e-06])
+
+
+    Plot the window and the frequency response:
+
+    >>> from numpy.fft import fft, fftshift
+    >>> window = np.kaiser(51, 14)
+    >>> plt.plot(window)
+    []
+    >>> plt.title("Kaiser window")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Kaiser window')
+    >>> plt.ylabel("Amplitude")
+    Text(0, 0.5, 'Amplitude')
+    >>> plt.xlabel("Sample")
+    Text(0.5, 0, 'Sample')
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    >>> plt.figure()
+    

+    >>> A = fft(window, 2048) / 25.5
+    >>> mag = np.abs(fftshift(A))
+    >>> freq = np.linspace(-0.5, 0.5, len(A))
+    >>> response = 20 * np.log10(mag)
+    >>> response = np.clip(response, -100, 100)
+    >>> plt.plot(freq, response)
+    []
+    >>> plt.title("Frequency response of Kaiser window")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Frequency response of Kaiser window')
+    >>> plt.ylabel("Magnitude [dB]")
+    Text(0, 0.5, 'Magnitude [dB]')
+    >>> plt.xlabel("Normalized frequency [cycles per sample]")
+    Text(0.5, 0, 'Normalized frequency [cycles per sample]')
+    >>> plt.axis('tight')
+    (-0.5, 0.5, -100.0, ...) # may vary
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    """
+    # Ensures at least float64 via 0.0.  M should be an integer, but conversion
+    # to double is safe for a range.  (Simplified result_type with 0.0
+    # strongly typed.  result-type is not/less order sensitive, but that mainly
+    # matters for integers anyway.)
+    values = np.array([0.0, M, beta])
+    M = values[1]
+    beta = values[2]
+
+    if M == 1:
+        return np.ones(1, dtype=values.dtype)
+    n = arange(0, M)
+    alpha = (M-1)/2.0
+    return i0(beta * sqrt(1-((n-alpha)/alpha)**2.0))/i0(beta)
+
+
+def _sinc_dispatcher(x):
+    return (x,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_sinc_dispatcher)
+def sinc(x):
+    r"""
+    Return the normalized sinc function.
+
+    The sinc function is equal to :math:`\sin(\pi x)/(\pi x)` for any argument
+    :math:`x\ne 0`. ``sinc(0)`` takes the limit value 1, making ``sinc`` not
+    only everywhere continuous but also infinitely differentiable.
+
+    .. note::
+
+        Note the normalization factor of ``pi`` used in the definition.
+        This is the most commonly used definition in signal processing.
+        Use ``sinc(x / np.pi)`` to obtain the unnormalized sinc function
+        :math:`\sin(x)/x` that is more common in mathematics.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : ndarray
+        Array (possibly multi-dimensional) of values for which to calculate
+        ``sinc(x)``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        ``sinc(x)``, which has the same shape as the input.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The name sinc is short for "sine cardinal" or "sinus cardinalis".
+
+    The sinc function is used in various signal processing applications,
+    including in anti-aliasing, in the construction of a Lanczos resampling
+    filter, and in interpolation.
+
+    For bandlimited interpolation of discrete-time signals, the ideal
+    interpolation kernel is proportional to the sinc function.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Weisstein, Eric W. "Sinc Function." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web
+           Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SincFunction.html
+    .. [2] Wikipedia, "Sinc function",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinc_function
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    >>> x = np.linspace(-4, 4, 41)
+    >>> np.sinc(x)
+     array([-3.89804309e-17,  -4.92362781e-02,  -8.40918587e-02, # may vary
+            -8.90384387e-02,  -5.84680802e-02,   3.89804309e-17,
+            6.68206631e-02,   1.16434881e-01,   1.26137788e-01,
+            8.50444803e-02,  -3.89804309e-17,  -1.03943254e-01,
+            -1.89206682e-01,  -2.16236208e-01,  -1.55914881e-01,
+            3.89804309e-17,   2.33872321e-01,   5.04551152e-01,
+            7.56826729e-01,   9.35489284e-01,   1.00000000e+00,
+            9.35489284e-01,   7.56826729e-01,   5.04551152e-01,
+            2.33872321e-01,   3.89804309e-17,  -1.55914881e-01,
+           -2.16236208e-01,  -1.89206682e-01,  -1.03943254e-01,
+           -3.89804309e-17,   8.50444803e-02,   1.26137788e-01,
+            1.16434881e-01,   6.68206631e-02,   3.89804309e-17,
+            -5.84680802e-02,  -8.90384387e-02,  -8.40918587e-02,
+            -4.92362781e-02,  -3.89804309e-17])
+
+    >>> plt.plot(x, np.sinc(x))
+    []
+    >>> plt.title("Sinc Function")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Sinc Function')
+    >>> plt.ylabel("Amplitude")
+    Text(0, 0.5, 'Amplitude')
+    >>> plt.xlabel("X")
+    Text(0.5, 0, 'X')
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    """
+    x = np.asanyarray(x)
+    y = pi * where(x == 0, 1.0e-20, x)
+    return sin(y)/y
+
+
+def _msort_dispatcher(a):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_msort_dispatcher)
+def msort(a):
+    """
+    Return a copy of an array sorted along the first axis.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 1.24
+
+       msort is deprecated, use ``np.sort(a, axis=0)`` instead.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Array to be sorted.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    sorted_array : ndarray
+        Array of the same type and shape as `a`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    sort
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    ``np.msort(a)`` is equivalent to  ``np.sort(a, axis=0)``.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 4], [3, 1]])
+    >>> np.msort(a)  # sort along the first axis
+    array([[1, 1],
+           [3, 4]])
+
+    """
+    # 2022-10-20 1.24
+    warnings.warn(
+        "msort is deprecated, use np.sort(a, axis=0) instead",
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    b = array(a, subok=True, copy=True)
+    b.sort(0)
+    return b
+
+
+def _ureduce(a, func, keepdims=False, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Internal Function.
+    Call `func` with `a` as first argument swapping the axes to use extended
+    axis on functions that don't support it natively.
+
+    Returns result and a.shape with axis dims set to 1.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array or object that can be converted to an array.
+    func : callable
+        Reduction function capable of receiving a single axis argument.
+        It is called with `a` as first argument followed by `kwargs`.
+    kwargs : keyword arguments
+        additional keyword arguments to pass to `func`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : tuple
+        Result of func(a, **kwargs) and a.shape with axis dims set to 1
+        which can be used to reshape the result to the same shape a ufunc with
+        keepdims=True would produce.
+
+    """
+    a = np.asanyarray(a)
+    axis = kwargs.get('axis', None)
+    out = kwargs.get('out', None)
+
+    if keepdims is np._NoValue:
+        keepdims = False
+
+    nd = a.ndim
+    if axis is not None:
+        axis = _nx.normalize_axis_tuple(axis, nd)
+
+        if keepdims:
+            if out is not None:
+                index_out = tuple(
+                    0 if i in axis else slice(None) for i in range(nd))
+                kwargs['out'] = out[(Ellipsis, ) + index_out]
+
+        if len(axis) == 1:
+            kwargs['axis'] = axis[0]
+        else:
+            keep = set(range(nd)) - set(axis)
+            nkeep = len(keep)
+            # swap axis that should not be reduced to front
+            for i, s in enumerate(sorted(keep)):
+                a = a.swapaxes(i, s)
+            # merge reduced axis
+            a = a.reshape(a.shape[:nkeep] + (-1,))
+            kwargs['axis'] = -1
+    else:
+        if keepdims:
+            if out is not None:
+                index_out = (0, ) * nd
+                kwargs['out'] = out[(Ellipsis, ) + index_out]
+
+    r = func(a, **kwargs)
+
+    if out is not None:
+        return out
+
+    if keepdims:
+        if axis is None:
+            index_r = (np.newaxis, ) * nd
+        else:
+            index_r = tuple(
+                np.newaxis if i in axis else slice(None)
+                for i in range(nd))
+        r = r[(Ellipsis, ) + index_r]
+
+    return r
+
+
+def _median_dispatcher(
+        a, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=None, keepdims=None):
+    return (a, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_median_dispatcher)
+def median(a, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=False, keepdims=False):
+    """
+    Compute the median along the specified axis.
+
+    Returns the median of the array elements.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array or object that can be converted to an array.
+    axis : {int, sequence of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the medians are computed. The default
+        is to compute the median along a flattened version of the array.
+        A sequence of axes is supported since version 1.9.0.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must
+        have the same shape and buffer length as the expected output,
+        but the type (of the output) will be cast if necessary.
+    overwrite_input : bool, optional
+       If True, then allow use of memory of input array `a` for
+       calculations. The input array will be modified by the call to
+       `median`. This will save memory when you do not need to preserve
+       the contents of the input array. Treat the input as undefined,
+       but it will probably be fully or partially sorted. Default is
+       False. If `overwrite_input` is ``True`` and `a` is not already an
+       `ndarray`, an error will be raised.
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the original `arr`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    median : ndarray
+        A new array holding the result. If the input contains integers
+        or floats smaller than ``float64``, then the output data-type is
+        ``np.float64``.  Otherwise, the data-type of the output is the
+        same as that of the input. If `out` is specified, that array is
+        returned instead.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mean, percentile
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Given a vector ``V`` of length ``N``, the median of ``V`` is the
+    middle value of a sorted copy of ``V``, ``V_sorted`` - i
+    e., ``V_sorted[(N-1)/2]``, when ``N`` is odd, and the average of the
+    two middle values of ``V_sorted`` when ``N`` is even.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[10, 7, 4], [3, 2, 1]])
+    >>> a
+    array([[10,  7,  4],
+           [ 3,  2,  1]])
+    >>> np.median(a)
+    3.5
+    >>> np.median(a, axis=0)
+    array([6.5, 4.5, 2.5])
+    >>> np.median(a, axis=1)
+    array([7.,  2.])
+    >>> m = np.median(a, axis=0)
+    >>> out = np.zeros_like(m)
+    >>> np.median(a, axis=0, out=m)
+    array([6.5,  4.5,  2.5])
+    >>> m
+    array([6.5,  4.5,  2.5])
+    >>> b = a.copy()
+    >>> np.median(b, axis=1, overwrite_input=True)
+    array([7.,  2.])
+    >>> assert not np.all(a==b)
+    >>> b = a.copy()
+    >>> np.median(b, axis=None, overwrite_input=True)
+    3.5
+    >>> assert not np.all(a==b)
+
+    """
+    return _ureduce(a, func=_median, keepdims=keepdims, axis=axis, out=out,
+                    overwrite_input=overwrite_input)
+
+
+def _median(a, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=False):
+    # can't be reasonably be implemented in terms of percentile as we have to
+    # call mean to not break astropy
+    a = np.asanyarray(a)
+
+    # Set the partition indexes
+    if axis is None:
+        sz = a.size
+    else:
+        sz = a.shape[axis]
+    if sz % 2 == 0:
+        szh = sz // 2
+        kth = [szh - 1, szh]
+    else:
+        kth = [(sz - 1) // 2]
+
+    # We have to check for NaNs (as of writing 'M' doesn't actually work).
+    supports_nans = np.issubdtype(a.dtype, np.inexact) or a.dtype.kind in 'Mm'
+    if supports_nans:
+        kth.append(-1)
+
+    if overwrite_input:
+        if axis is None:
+            part = a.ravel()
+            part.partition(kth)
+        else:
+            a.partition(kth, axis=axis)
+            part = a
+    else:
+        part = partition(a, kth, axis=axis)
+
+    if part.shape == ():
+        # make 0-D arrays work
+        return part.item()
+    if axis is None:
+        axis = 0
+
+    indexer = [slice(None)] * part.ndim
+    index = part.shape[axis] // 2
+    if part.shape[axis] % 2 == 1:
+        # index with slice to allow mean (below) to work
+        indexer[axis] = slice(index, index+1)
+    else:
+        indexer[axis] = slice(index-1, index+1)
+    indexer = tuple(indexer)
+
+    # Use mean in both odd and even case to coerce data type,
+    # using out array if needed.
+    rout = mean(part[indexer], axis=axis, out=out)
+    if supports_nans and sz > 0:
+        # If nans are possible, warn and replace by nans like mean would.
+        rout = np.lib.utils._median_nancheck(part, rout, axis)
+
+    return rout
+
+
+def _percentile_dispatcher(a, q, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=None,
+                           method=None, keepdims=None, *, interpolation=None):
+    return (a, q, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_percentile_dispatcher)
+def percentile(a,
+               q,
+               axis=None,
+               out=None,
+               overwrite_input=False,
+               method="linear",
+               keepdims=False,
+               *,
+               interpolation=None):
+    """
+    Compute the q-th percentile of the data along the specified axis.
+
+    Returns the q-th percentile(s) of the array elements.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like of real numbers
+        Input array or object that can be converted to an array.
+    q : array_like of float
+        Percentage or sequence of percentages for the percentiles to compute.
+        Values must be between 0 and 100 inclusive.
+    axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the percentiles are computed. The
+        default is to compute the percentile(s) along a flattened
+        version of the array.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.9.0
+            A tuple of axes is supported
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must
+        have the same shape and buffer length as the expected output,
+        but the type (of the output) will be cast if necessary.
+    overwrite_input : bool, optional
+        If True, then allow the input array `a` to be modified by intermediate
+        calculations, to save memory. In this case, the contents of the input
+        `a` after this function completes is undefined.
+    method : str, optional
+        This parameter specifies the method to use for estimating the
+        percentile.  There are many different methods, some unique to NumPy.
+        See the notes for explanation.  The options sorted by their R type
+        as summarized in the H&F paper [1]_ are:
+
+        1. 'inverted_cdf'
+        2. 'averaged_inverted_cdf'
+        3. 'closest_observation'
+        4. 'interpolated_inverted_cdf'
+        5. 'hazen'
+        6. 'weibull'
+        7. 'linear'  (default)
+        8. 'median_unbiased'
+        9. 'normal_unbiased'
+
+        The first three methods are discontinuous.  NumPy further defines the
+        following discontinuous variations of the default 'linear' (7.) option:
+
+        * 'lower'
+        * 'higher',
+        * 'midpoint'
+        * 'nearest'
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.22.0
+            This argument was previously called "interpolation" and only
+            offered the "linear" default and last four options.
+
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left in
+        the result as dimensions with size one. With this option, the
+        result will broadcast correctly against the original array `a`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+    interpolation : str, optional
+        Deprecated name for the method keyword argument.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    percentile : scalar or ndarray
+        If `q` is a single percentile and `axis=None`, then the result
+        is a scalar. If multiple percentiles are given, first axis of
+        the result corresponds to the percentiles. The other axes are
+        the axes that remain after the reduction of `a`. If the input
+        contains integers or floats smaller than ``float64``, the output
+        data-type is ``float64``. Otherwise, the output data-type is the
+        same as that of the input. If `out` is specified, that array is
+        returned instead.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mean
+    median : equivalent to ``percentile(..., 50)``
+    nanpercentile
+    quantile : equivalent to percentile, except q in the range [0, 1].
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Given a vector ``V`` of length ``n``, the q-th percentile of ``V`` is
+    the value ``q/100`` of the way from the minimum to the maximum in a
+    sorted copy of ``V``. The values and distances of the two nearest
+    neighbors as well as the `method` parameter will determine the
+    percentile if the normalized ranking does not match the location of
+    ``q`` exactly. This function is the same as the median if ``q=50``, the
+    same as the minimum if ``q=0`` and the same as the maximum if
+    ``q=100``.
+
+    The optional `method` parameter specifies the method to use when the
+    desired percentile lies between two indexes ``i`` and ``j = i + 1``.
+    In that case, we first determine ``i + g``, a virtual index that lies
+    between ``i`` and ``j``, where  ``i`` is the floor and ``g`` is the
+    fractional part of the index. The final result is, then, an interpolation
+    of ``a[i]`` and ``a[j]`` based on ``g``. During the computation of ``g``,
+    ``i`` and ``j`` are modified using correction constants ``alpha`` and
+    ``beta`` whose choices depend on the ``method`` used. Finally, note that
+    since Python uses 0-based indexing, the code subtracts another 1 from the
+    index internally.
+
+    The following formula determines the virtual index ``i + g``, the location
+    of the percentile in the sorted sample:
+
+    .. math::
+        i + g = (q / 100) * ( n - alpha - beta + 1 ) + alpha
+
+    The different methods then work as follows
+
+    inverted_cdf:
+        method 1 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method gives discontinuous results:
+
+        * if g > 0 ; then take j
+        * if g = 0 ; then take i
+
+    averaged_inverted_cdf:
+        method 2 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method give discontinuous results:
+
+        * if g > 0 ; then take j
+        * if g = 0 ; then average between bounds
+
+    closest_observation:
+        method 3 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method give discontinuous results:
+
+        * if g > 0 ; then take j
+        * if g = 0 and index is odd ; then take j
+        * if g = 0 and index is even ; then take i
+
+    interpolated_inverted_cdf:
+        method 4 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method give continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 0
+        * beta = 1
+
+    hazen:
+        method 5 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method give continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 1/2
+        * beta = 1/2
+
+    weibull:
+        method 6 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method give continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 0
+        * beta = 0
+
+    linear:
+        method 7 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method give continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 1
+        * beta = 1
+
+    median_unbiased:
+        method 8 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method is probably the best method if the sample
+        distribution function is unknown (see reference).
+        This method give continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 1/3
+        * beta = 1/3
+
+    normal_unbiased:
+        method 9 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method is probably the best method if the sample
+        distribution function is known to be normal.
+        This method give continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 3/8
+        * beta = 3/8
+
+    lower:
+        NumPy method kept for backwards compatibility.
+        Takes ``i`` as the interpolation point.
+
+    higher:
+        NumPy method kept for backwards compatibility.
+        Takes ``j`` as the interpolation point.
+
+    nearest:
+        NumPy method kept for backwards compatibility.
+        Takes ``i`` or ``j``, whichever is nearest.
+
+    midpoint:
+        NumPy method kept for backwards compatibility.
+        Uses ``(i + j) / 2``.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[10, 7, 4], [3, 2, 1]])
+    >>> a
+    array([[10,  7,  4],
+           [ 3,  2,  1]])
+    >>> np.percentile(a, 50)
+    3.5
+    >>> np.percentile(a, 50, axis=0)
+    array([6.5, 4.5, 2.5])
+    >>> np.percentile(a, 50, axis=1)
+    array([7.,  2.])
+    >>> np.percentile(a, 50, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    array([[7.],
+           [2.]])
+
+    >>> m = np.percentile(a, 50, axis=0)
+    >>> out = np.zeros_like(m)
+    >>> np.percentile(a, 50, axis=0, out=out)
+    array([6.5, 4.5, 2.5])
+    >>> m
+    array([6.5, 4.5, 2.5])
+
+    >>> b = a.copy()
+    >>> np.percentile(b, 50, axis=1, overwrite_input=True)
+    array([7.,  2.])
+    >>> assert not np.all(a == b)
+
+    The different methods can be visualized graphically:
+
+    .. plot::
+
+        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+        a = np.arange(4)
+        p = np.linspace(0, 100, 6001)
+        ax = plt.gca()
+        lines = [
+            ('linear', '-', 'C0'),
+            ('inverted_cdf', ':', 'C1'),
+            # Almost the same as `inverted_cdf`:
+            ('averaged_inverted_cdf', '-.', 'C1'),
+            ('closest_observation', ':', 'C2'),
+            ('interpolated_inverted_cdf', '--', 'C1'),
+            ('hazen', '--', 'C3'),
+            ('weibull', '-.', 'C4'),
+            ('median_unbiased', '--', 'C5'),
+            ('normal_unbiased', '-.', 'C6'),
+            ]
+        for method, style, color in lines:
+            ax.plot(
+                p, np.percentile(a, p, method=method),
+                label=method, linestyle=style, color=color)
+        ax.set(
+            title='Percentiles for different methods and data: ' + str(a),
+            xlabel='Percentile',
+            ylabel='Estimated percentile value',
+            yticks=a)
+        ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.03, 1))
+        plt.tight_layout()
+        plt.show()
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] R. J. Hyndman and Y. Fan,
+       "Sample quantiles in statistical packages,"
+       The American Statistician, 50(4), pp. 361-365, 1996
+
+    """
+    if interpolation is not None:
+        method = _check_interpolation_as_method(
+            method, interpolation, "percentile")
+
+    a = np.asanyarray(a)
+    if a.dtype.kind == "c":
+        raise TypeError("a must be an array of real numbers")
+
+    q = np.true_divide(q, 100)
+    q = asanyarray(q)  # undo any decay that the ufunc performed (see gh-13105)
+    if not _quantile_is_valid(q):
+        raise ValueError("Percentiles must be in the range [0, 100]")
+    return _quantile_unchecked(
+        a, q, axis, out, overwrite_input, method, keepdims)
+
+
+def _quantile_dispatcher(a, q, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=None,
+                         method=None, keepdims=None, *, interpolation=None):
+    return (a, q, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_quantile_dispatcher)
+def quantile(a,
+             q,
+             axis=None,
+             out=None,
+             overwrite_input=False,
+             method="linear",
+             keepdims=False,
+             *,
+             interpolation=None):
+    """
+    Compute the q-th quantile of the data along the specified axis.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.15.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like of real numbers
+        Input array or object that can be converted to an array.
+    q : array_like of float
+        Probability or sequence of probabilities for the quantiles to compute.
+        Values must be between 0 and 1 inclusive.
+    axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the quantiles are computed. The default is
+        to compute the quantile(s) along a flattened version of the array.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must have
+        the same shape and buffer length as the expected output, but the
+        type (of the output) will be cast if necessary.
+    overwrite_input : bool, optional
+        If True, then allow the input array `a` to be modified by
+        intermediate calculations, to save memory. In this case, the
+        contents of the input `a` after this function completes is
+        undefined.
+    method : str, optional
+        This parameter specifies the method to use for estimating the
+        quantile.  There are many different methods, some unique to NumPy.
+        See the notes for explanation.  The options sorted by their R type
+        as summarized in the H&F paper [1]_ are:
+
+        1. 'inverted_cdf'
+        2. 'averaged_inverted_cdf'
+        3. 'closest_observation'
+        4. 'interpolated_inverted_cdf'
+        5. 'hazen'
+        6. 'weibull'
+        7. 'linear'  (default)
+        8. 'median_unbiased'
+        9. 'normal_unbiased'
+
+        The first three methods are discontinuous.  NumPy further defines the
+        following discontinuous variations of the default 'linear' (7.) option:
+
+        * 'lower'
+        * 'higher',
+        * 'midpoint'
+        * 'nearest'
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.22.0
+            This argument was previously called "interpolation" and only
+            offered the "linear" default and last four options.
+
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left in
+        the result as dimensions with size one. With this option, the
+        result will broadcast correctly against the original array `a`.
+
+    interpolation : str, optional
+        Deprecated name for the method keyword argument.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    quantile : scalar or ndarray
+        If `q` is a single probability and `axis=None`, then the result
+        is a scalar. If multiple probabilies levels are given, first axis of
+        the result corresponds to the quantiles. The other axes are
+        the axes that remain after the reduction of `a`. If the input
+        contains integers or floats smaller than ``float64``, the output
+        data-type is ``float64``. Otherwise, the output data-type is the
+        same as that of the input. If `out` is specified, that array is
+        returned instead.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mean
+    percentile : equivalent to quantile, but with q in the range [0, 100].
+    median : equivalent to ``quantile(..., 0.5)``
+    nanquantile
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Given a vector ``V`` of length ``n``, the q-th quantile of ``V`` is
+    the value ``q`` of the way from the minimum to the maximum in a
+    sorted copy of ``V``. The values and distances of the two nearest
+    neighbors as well as the `method` parameter will determine the
+    quantile if the normalized ranking does not match the location of
+    ``q`` exactly. This function is the same as the median if ``q=0.5``, the
+    same as the minimum if ``q=0.0`` and the same as the maximum if
+    ``q=1.0``.
+
+    The optional `method` parameter specifies the method to use when the
+    desired quantile lies between two indexes ``i`` and ``j = i + 1``.
+    In that case, we first determine ``i + g``, a virtual index that lies
+    between ``i`` and ``j``, where  ``i`` is the floor and ``g`` is the
+    fractional part of the index. The final result is, then, an interpolation
+    of ``a[i]`` and ``a[j]`` based on ``g``. During the computation of ``g``,
+    ``i`` and ``j`` are modified using correction constants ``alpha`` and
+    ``beta`` whose choices depend on the ``method`` used. Finally, note that
+    since Python uses 0-based indexing, the code subtracts another 1 from the
+    index internally.
+
+    The following formula determines the virtual index ``i + g``, the location
+    of the quantile in the sorted sample:
+
+    .. math::
+        i + g = q * ( n - alpha - beta + 1 ) + alpha
+
+    The different methods then work as follows
+
+    inverted_cdf:
+        method 1 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method gives discontinuous results:
+
+        * if g > 0 ; then take j
+        * if g = 0 ; then take i
+
+    averaged_inverted_cdf:
+        method 2 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method gives discontinuous results:
+
+        * if g > 0 ; then take j
+        * if g = 0 ; then average between bounds
+
+    closest_observation:
+        method 3 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method gives discontinuous results:
+
+        * if g > 0 ; then take j
+        * if g = 0 and index is odd ; then take j
+        * if g = 0 and index is even ; then take i
+
+    interpolated_inverted_cdf:
+        method 4 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method gives continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 0
+        * beta = 1
+
+    hazen:
+        method 5 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method gives continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 1/2
+        * beta = 1/2
+
+    weibull:
+        method 6 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method gives continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 0
+        * beta = 0
+
+    linear:
+        method 7 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method gives continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 1
+        * beta = 1
+
+    median_unbiased:
+        method 8 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method is probably the best method if the sample
+        distribution function is unknown (see reference).
+        This method gives continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 1/3
+        * beta = 1/3
+
+    normal_unbiased:
+        method 9 of H&F [1]_.
+        This method is probably the best method if the sample
+        distribution function is known to be normal.
+        This method gives continuous results using:
+
+        * alpha = 3/8
+        * beta = 3/8
+
+    lower:
+        NumPy method kept for backwards compatibility.
+        Takes ``i`` as the interpolation point.
+
+    higher:
+        NumPy method kept for backwards compatibility.
+        Takes ``j`` as the interpolation point.
+
+    nearest:
+        NumPy method kept for backwards compatibility.
+        Takes ``i`` or ``j``, whichever is nearest.
+
+    midpoint:
+        NumPy method kept for backwards compatibility.
+        Uses ``(i + j) / 2``.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[10, 7, 4], [3, 2, 1]])
+    >>> a
+    array([[10,  7,  4],
+           [ 3,  2,  1]])
+    >>> np.quantile(a, 0.5)
+    3.5
+    >>> np.quantile(a, 0.5, axis=0)
+    array([6.5, 4.5, 2.5])
+    >>> np.quantile(a, 0.5, axis=1)
+    array([7.,  2.])
+    >>> np.quantile(a, 0.5, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    array([[7.],
+           [2.]])
+    >>> m = np.quantile(a, 0.5, axis=0)
+    >>> out = np.zeros_like(m)
+    >>> np.quantile(a, 0.5, axis=0, out=out)
+    array([6.5, 4.5, 2.5])
+    >>> m
+    array([6.5, 4.5, 2.5])
+    >>> b = a.copy()
+    >>> np.quantile(b, 0.5, axis=1, overwrite_input=True)
+    array([7.,  2.])
+    >>> assert not np.all(a == b)
+
+    See also `numpy.percentile` for a visualization of most methods.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] R. J. Hyndman and Y. Fan,
+       "Sample quantiles in statistical packages,"
+       The American Statistician, 50(4), pp. 361-365, 1996
+
+    """
+    if interpolation is not None:
+        method = _check_interpolation_as_method(
+            method, interpolation, "quantile")
+
+    a = np.asanyarray(a)
+    if a.dtype.kind == "c":
+        raise TypeError("a must be an array of real numbers")
+
+    q = np.asanyarray(q)
+    if not _quantile_is_valid(q):
+        raise ValueError("Quantiles must be in the range [0, 1]")
+    return _quantile_unchecked(
+        a, q, axis, out, overwrite_input, method, keepdims)
+
+
+def _quantile_unchecked(a,
+                        q,
+                        axis=None,
+                        out=None,
+                        overwrite_input=False,
+                        method="linear",
+                        keepdims=False):
+    """Assumes that q is in [0, 1], and is an ndarray"""
+    return _ureduce(a,
+                    func=_quantile_ureduce_func,
+                    q=q,
+                    keepdims=keepdims,
+                    axis=axis,
+                    out=out,
+                    overwrite_input=overwrite_input,
+                    method=method)
+
+
+def _quantile_is_valid(q):
+    # avoid expensive reductions, relevant for arrays with < O(1000) elements
+    if q.ndim == 1 and q.size < 10:
+        for i in range(q.size):
+            if not (0.0 <= q[i] <= 1.0):
+                return False
+    else:
+        if not (np.all(0 <= q) and np.all(q <= 1)):
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _check_interpolation_as_method(method, interpolation, fname):
+    # Deprecated NumPy 1.22, 2021-11-08
+    warnings.warn(
+        f"the `interpolation=` argument to {fname} was renamed to "
+        "`method=`, which has additional options.\n"
+        "Users of the modes 'nearest', 'lower', 'higher', or "
+        "'midpoint' are encouraged to review the method they used. "
+        "(Deprecated NumPy 1.22)",
+        DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=4)
+    if method != "linear":
+        # sanity check, we assume this basically never happens
+        raise TypeError(
+            "You shall not pass both `method` and `interpolation`!\n"
+            "(`interpolation` is Deprecated in favor of `method`)")
+    return interpolation
+
+
+def _compute_virtual_index(n, quantiles, alpha: float, beta: float):
+    """
+    Compute the floating point indexes of an array for the linear
+    interpolation of quantiles.
+    n : array_like
+        The sample sizes.
+    quantiles : array_like
+        The quantiles values.
+    alpha : float
+        A constant used to correct the index computed.
+    beta : float
+        A constant used to correct the index computed.
+
+    alpha and beta values depend on the chosen method
+    (see quantile documentation)
+
+    Reference:
+    Hyndman&Fan paper "Sample Quantiles in Statistical Packages",
+    DOI: 10.1080/00031305.1996.10473566
+    """
+    return n * quantiles + (
+            alpha + quantiles * (1 - alpha - beta)
+    ) - 1
+
+
+def _get_gamma(virtual_indexes, previous_indexes, method):
+    """
+    Compute gamma (a.k.a 'm' or 'weight') for the linear interpolation
+    of quantiles.
+
+    virtual_indexes : array_like
+        The indexes where the percentile is supposed to be found in the sorted
+        sample.
+    previous_indexes : array_like
+        The floor values of virtual_indexes.
+    interpolation : dict
+        The interpolation method chosen, which may have a specific rule
+        modifying gamma.
+
+    gamma is usually the fractional part of virtual_indexes but can be modified
+    by the interpolation method.
+    """
+    gamma = np.asanyarray(virtual_indexes - previous_indexes)
+    gamma = method["fix_gamma"](gamma, virtual_indexes)
+    return np.asanyarray(gamma)
+
+
+def _lerp(a, b, t, out=None):
+    """
+    Compute the linear interpolation weighted by gamma on each point of
+    two same shape array.
+
+    a : array_like
+        Left bound.
+    b : array_like
+        Right bound.
+    t : array_like
+        The interpolation weight.
+    out : array_like
+        Output array.
+    """
+    diff_b_a = subtract(b, a)
+    # asanyarray is a stop-gap until gh-13105
+    lerp_interpolation = asanyarray(add(a, diff_b_a * t, out=out))
+    subtract(b, diff_b_a * (1 - t), out=lerp_interpolation, where=t >= 0.5,
+             casting='unsafe', dtype=type(lerp_interpolation.dtype))
+    if lerp_interpolation.ndim == 0 and out is None:
+        lerp_interpolation = lerp_interpolation[()]  # unpack 0d arrays
+    return lerp_interpolation
+
+
+def _get_gamma_mask(shape, default_value, conditioned_value, where):
+    out = np.full(shape, default_value)
+    np.copyto(out, conditioned_value, where=where, casting="unsafe")
+    return out
+
+
+def _discret_interpolation_to_boundaries(index, gamma_condition_fun):
+    previous = np.floor(index)
+    next = previous + 1
+    gamma = index - previous
+    res = _get_gamma_mask(shape=index.shape,
+                          default_value=next,
+                          conditioned_value=previous,
+                          where=gamma_condition_fun(gamma, index)
+                          ).astype(np.intp)
+    # Some methods can lead to out-of-bound integers, clip them:
+    res[res < 0] = 0
+    return res
+
+
+def _closest_observation(n, quantiles):
+    gamma_fun = lambda gamma, index: (gamma == 0) & (np.floor(index) % 2 == 0)
+    return _discret_interpolation_to_boundaries((n * quantiles) - 1 - 0.5,
+                                                gamma_fun)
+
+
+def _inverted_cdf(n, quantiles):
+    gamma_fun = lambda gamma, _: (gamma == 0)
+    return _discret_interpolation_to_boundaries((n * quantiles) - 1,
+                                                gamma_fun)
+
+
+def _quantile_ureduce_func(
+        a: np.array,
+        q: np.array,
+        axis: int = None,
+        out=None,
+        overwrite_input: bool = False,
+        method="linear",
+) -> np.array:
+    if q.ndim > 2:
+        # The code below works fine for nd, but it might not have useful
+        # semantics. For now, keep the supported dimensions the same as it was
+        # before.
+        raise ValueError("q must be a scalar or 1d")
+    if overwrite_input:
+        if axis is None:
+            axis = 0
+            arr = a.ravel()
+        else:
+            arr = a
+    else:
+        if axis is None:
+            axis = 0
+            arr = a.flatten()
+        else:
+            arr = a.copy()
+    result = _quantile(arr,
+                       quantiles=q,
+                       axis=axis,
+                       method=method,
+                       out=out)
+    return result
+
+
+def _get_indexes(arr, virtual_indexes, valid_values_count):
+    """
+    Get the valid indexes of arr neighbouring virtual_indexes.
+    Note
+    This is a companion function to linear interpolation of
+    Quantiles
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    (previous_indexes, next_indexes): Tuple
+        A Tuple of virtual_indexes neighbouring indexes
+    """
+    previous_indexes = np.asanyarray(np.floor(virtual_indexes))
+    next_indexes = np.asanyarray(previous_indexes + 1)
+    indexes_above_bounds = virtual_indexes >= valid_values_count - 1
+    # When indexes is above max index, take the max value of the array
+    if indexes_above_bounds.any():
+        previous_indexes[indexes_above_bounds] = -1
+        next_indexes[indexes_above_bounds] = -1
+    # When indexes is below min index, take the min value of the array
+    indexes_below_bounds = virtual_indexes < 0
+    if indexes_below_bounds.any():
+        previous_indexes[indexes_below_bounds] = 0
+        next_indexes[indexes_below_bounds] = 0
+    if np.issubdtype(arr.dtype, np.inexact):
+        # After the sort, slices having NaNs will have for last element a NaN
+        virtual_indexes_nans = np.isnan(virtual_indexes)
+        if virtual_indexes_nans.any():
+            previous_indexes[virtual_indexes_nans] = -1
+            next_indexes[virtual_indexes_nans] = -1
+    previous_indexes = previous_indexes.astype(np.intp)
+    next_indexes = next_indexes.astype(np.intp)
+    return previous_indexes, next_indexes
+
+
+def _quantile(
+        arr: np.array,
+        quantiles: np.array,
+        axis: int = -1,
+        method="linear",
+        out=None,
+):
+    """
+    Private function that doesn't support extended axis or keepdims.
+    These methods are extended to this function using _ureduce
+    See nanpercentile for parameter usage
+    It computes the quantiles of the array for the given axis.
+    A linear interpolation is performed based on the `interpolation`.
+
+    By default, the method is "linear" where alpha == beta == 1 which
+    performs the 7th method of Hyndman&Fan.
+    With "median_unbiased" we get alpha == beta == 1/3
+    thus the 8th method of Hyndman&Fan.
+    """
+    # --- Setup
+    arr = np.asanyarray(arr)
+    values_count = arr.shape[axis]
+    # The dimensions of `q` are prepended to the output shape, so we need the
+    # axis being sampled from `arr` to be last.
+
+    if axis != 0:  # But moveaxis is slow, so only call it if necessary.
+        arr = np.moveaxis(arr, axis, destination=0)
+    # --- Computation of indexes
+    # Index where to find the value in the sorted array.
+    # Virtual because it is a floating point value, not an valid index.
+    # The nearest neighbours are used for interpolation
+    try:
+        method = _QuantileMethods[method]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"{method!r} is not a valid method. Use one of: "
+            f"{_QuantileMethods.keys()}") from None
+    virtual_indexes = method["get_virtual_index"](values_count, quantiles)
+    virtual_indexes = np.asanyarray(virtual_indexes)
+
+    supports_nans = (
+            np.issubdtype(arr.dtype, np.inexact) or arr.dtype.kind in 'Mm')
+
+    if np.issubdtype(virtual_indexes.dtype, np.integer):
+        # No interpolation needed, take the points along axis
+        if supports_nans:
+            # may contain nan, which would sort to the end
+            arr.partition(concatenate((virtual_indexes.ravel(), [-1])), axis=0)
+            slices_having_nans = np.isnan(arr[-1, ...])
+        else:
+            # cannot contain nan
+            arr.partition(virtual_indexes.ravel(), axis=0)
+            slices_having_nans = np.array(False, dtype=bool)
+        result = take(arr, virtual_indexes, axis=0, out=out)
+    else:
+        previous_indexes, next_indexes = _get_indexes(arr,
+                                                      virtual_indexes,
+                                                      values_count)
+        # --- Sorting
+        arr.partition(
+            np.unique(np.concatenate(([0, -1],
+                                      previous_indexes.ravel(),
+                                      next_indexes.ravel(),
+                                      ))),
+            axis=0)
+        if supports_nans:
+            slices_having_nans = np.isnan(arr[-1, ...])
+        else:
+            slices_having_nans = None
+        # --- Get values from indexes
+        previous = arr[previous_indexes]
+        next = arr[next_indexes]
+        # --- Linear interpolation
+        gamma = _get_gamma(virtual_indexes, previous_indexes, method)
+        result_shape = virtual_indexes.shape + (1,) * (arr.ndim - 1)
+        gamma = gamma.reshape(result_shape)
+        result = _lerp(previous,
+                       next,
+                       gamma,
+                       out=out)
+    if np.any(slices_having_nans):
+        if result.ndim == 0 and out is None:
+            # can't write to a scalar, but indexing will be correct
+            result = arr[-1]
+        else:
+            np.copyto(result, arr[-1, ...], where=slices_having_nans)
+    return result
+
+
+def _trapz_dispatcher(y, x=None, dx=None, axis=None):
+    return (y, x)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_trapz_dispatcher)
+def trapz(y, x=None, dx=1.0, axis=-1):
+    r"""
+    Integrate along the given axis using the composite trapezoidal rule.
+
+    If `x` is provided, the integration happens in sequence along its
+    elements - they are not sorted.
+
+    Integrate `y` (`x`) along each 1d slice on the given axis, compute
+    :math:`\int y(x) dx`.
+    When `x` is specified, this integrates along the parametric curve,
+    computing :math:`\int_t y(t) dt =
+    \int_t y(t) \left.\frac{dx}{dt}\right|_{x=x(t)} dt`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    y : array_like
+        Input array to integrate.
+    x : array_like, optional
+        The sample points corresponding to the `y` values. If `x` is None,
+        the sample points are assumed to be evenly spaced `dx` apart. The
+        default is None.
+    dx : scalar, optional
+        The spacing between sample points when `x` is None. The default is 1.
+    axis : int, optional
+        The axis along which to integrate.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    trapz : float or ndarray
+        Definite integral of `y` = n-dimensional array as approximated along
+        a single axis by the trapezoidal rule. If `y` is a 1-dimensional array,
+        then the result is a float. If `n` is greater than 1, then the result
+        is an `n`-1 dimensional array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    sum, cumsum
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Image [2]_ illustrates trapezoidal rule -- y-axis locations of points
+    will be taken from `y` array, by default x-axis distances between
+    points will be 1.0, alternatively they can be provided with `x` array
+    or with `dx` scalar.  Return value will be equal to combined area under
+    the red lines.
+
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezoidal_rule
+
+    .. [2] Illustration image:
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Composite_trapezoidal_rule_illustration.png
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Use the trapezoidal rule on evenly spaced points:
+
+    >>> np.trapz([1, 2, 3])
+    4.0
+
+    The spacing between sample points can be selected by either the
+    ``x`` or ``dx`` arguments:
+
+    >>> np.trapz([1, 2, 3], x=[4, 6, 8])
+    8.0
+    >>> np.trapz([1, 2, 3], dx=2)
+    8.0
+
+    Using a decreasing ``x`` corresponds to integrating in reverse:
+
+    >>> np.trapz([1, 2, 3], x=[8, 6, 4])
+    -8.0
+
+    More generally ``x`` is used to integrate along a parametric curve. We can
+    estimate the integral :math:`\int_0^1 x^2 = 1/3` using:
+
+    >>> x = np.linspace(0, 1, num=50)
+    >>> y = x**2
+    >>> np.trapz(y, x)
+    0.33340274885464394
+
+    Or estimate the area of a circle, noting we repeat the sample which closes
+    the curve:
+
+    >>> theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, num=1000, endpoint=True)
+    >>> np.trapz(np.cos(theta), x=np.sin(theta))
+    3.141571941375841
+
+    ``np.trapz`` can be applied along a specified axis to do multiple
+    computations in one call:
+
+    >>> a = np.arange(6).reshape(2, 3)
+    >>> a
+    array([[0, 1, 2],
+           [3, 4, 5]])
+    >>> np.trapz(a, axis=0)
+    array([1.5, 2.5, 3.5])
+    >>> np.trapz(a, axis=1)
+    array([2.,  8.])
+    """
+    y = asanyarray(y)
+    if x is None:
+        d = dx
+    else:
+        x = asanyarray(x)
+        if x.ndim == 1:
+            d = diff(x)
+            # reshape to correct shape
+            shape = [1]*y.ndim
+            shape[axis] = d.shape[0]
+            d = d.reshape(shape)
+        else:
+            d = diff(x, axis=axis)
+    nd = y.ndim
+    slice1 = [slice(None)]*nd
+    slice2 = [slice(None)]*nd
+    slice1[axis] = slice(1, None)
+    slice2[axis] = slice(None, -1)
+    try:
+        ret = (d * (y[tuple(slice1)] + y[tuple(slice2)]) / 2.0).sum(axis)
+    except ValueError:
+        # Operations didn't work, cast to ndarray
+        d = np.asarray(d)
+        y = np.asarray(y)
+        ret = add.reduce(d * (y[tuple(slice1)]+y[tuple(slice2)])/2.0, axis)
+    return ret
+
+
+# __array_function__ has no __code__ or other attributes normal Python funcs we
+# wrap everything into a C callable. SciPy however, tries to "clone" `trapz`
+# into a new Python function which requires `__code__` and a few other
+# attributes. So we create a dummy clone and copy over its attributes allowing
+# SciPy <= 1.10 to work: https://github.com/scipy/scipy/issues/17811
+assert not hasattr(trapz, "__code__")
+
+def _fake_trapz(y, x=None, dx=1.0, axis=-1):
+    return trapz(y, x=x, dx=dx, axis=axis)
+
+
+trapz.__code__ = _fake_trapz.__code__
+trapz.__globals__ = _fake_trapz.__globals__
+trapz.__defaults__ = _fake_trapz.__defaults__
+trapz.__closure__ = _fake_trapz.__closure__
+trapz.__kwdefaults__ = _fake_trapz.__kwdefaults__
+
+
+def _meshgrid_dispatcher(*xi, copy=None, sparse=None, indexing=None):
+    return xi
+
+
+# Based on scitools meshgrid
+@array_function_dispatch(_meshgrid_dispatcher)
+def meshgrid(*xi, copy=True, sparse=False, indexing='xy'):
+    """
+    Return a list of coordinate matrices from coordinate vectors.
+
+    Make N-D coordinate arrays for vectorized evaluations of
+    N-D scalar/vector fields over N-D grids, given
+    one-dimensional coordinate arrays x1, x2,..., xn.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.9
+       1-D and 0-D cases are allowed.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x1, x2,..., xn : array_like
+        1-D arrays representing the coordinates of a grid.
+    indexing : {'xy', 'ij'}, optional
+        Cartesian ('xy', default) or matrix ('ij') indexing of output.
+        See Notes for more details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+    sparse : bool, optional
+        If True the shape of the returned coordinate array for dimension *i*
+        is reduced from ``(N1, ..., Ni, ... Nn)`` to
+        ``(1, ..., 1, Ni, 1, ..., 1)``.  These sparse coordinate grids are
+        intended to be use with :ref:`basics.broadcasting`.  When all
+        coordinates are used in an expression, broadcasting still leads to a
+        fully-dimensonal result array.
+
+        Default is False.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+    copy : bool, optional
+        If False, a view into the original arrays are returned in order to
+        conserve memory.  Default is True.  Please note that
+        ``sparse=False, copy=False`` will likely return non-contiguous
+        arrays.  Furthermore, more than one element of a broadcast array
+        may refer to a single memory location.  If you need to write to the
+        arrays, make copies first.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    X1, X2,..., XN : list of ndarrays
+        For vectors `x1`, `x2`,..., `xn` with lengths ``Ni=len(xi)``,
+        returns ``(N1, N2, N3,..., Nn)`` shaped arrays if indexing='ij'
+        or ``(N2, N1, N3,..., Nn)`` shaped arrays if indexing='xy'
+        with the elements of `xi` repeated to fill the matrix along
+        the first dimension for `x1`, the second for `x2` and so on.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This function supports both indexing conventions through the indexing
+    keyword argument.  Giving the string 'ij' returns a meshgrid with
+    matrix indexing, while 'xy' returns a meshgrid with Cartesian indexing.
+    In the 2-D case with inputs of length M and N, the outputs are of shape
+    (N, M) for 'xy' indexing and (M, N) for 'ij' indexing.  In the 3-D case
+    with inputs of length M, N and P, outputs are of shape (N, M, P) for
+    'xy' indexing and (M, N, P) for 'ij' indexing.  The difference is
+    illustrated by the following code snippet::
+
+        xv, yv = np.meshgrid(x, y, indexing='ij')
+        for i in range(nx):
+            for j in range(ny):
+                # treat xv[i,j], yv[i,j]
+
+        xv, yv = np.meshgrid(x, y, indexing='xy')
+        for i in range(nx):
+            for j in range(ny):
+                # treat xv[j,i], yv[j,i]
+
+    In the 1-D and 0-D case, the indexing and sparse keywords have no effect.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mgrid : Construct a multi-dimensional "meshgrid" using indexing notation.
+    ogrid : Construct an open multi-dimensional "meshgrid" using indexing
+            notation.
+    how-to-index
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> nx, ny = (3, 2)
+    >>> x = np.linspace(0, 1, nx)
+    >>> y = np.linspace(0, 1, ny)
+    >>> xv, yv = np.meshgrid(x, y)
+    >>> xv
+    array([[0. , 0.5, 1. ],
+           [0. , 0.5, 1. ]])
+    >>> yv
+    array([[0.,  0.,  0.],
+           [1.,  1.,  1.]])
+
+    The result of `meshgrid` is a coordinate grid:
+
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    >>> plt.plot(xv, yv, marker='o', color='k', linestyle='none')
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    You can create sparse output arrays to save memory and computation time.
+
+    >>> xv, yv = np.meshgrid(x, y, sparse=True)
+    >>> xv
+    array([[0. ,  0.5,  1. ]])
+    >>> yv
+    array([[0.],
+           [1.]])
+
+    `meshgrid` is very useful to evaluate functions on a grid. If the
+    function depends on all coordinates, both dense and sparse outputs can be
+    used.
+
+    >>> x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 101)
+    >>> y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 101)
+    >>> # full coordinate arrays
+    >>> xx, yy = np.meshgrid(x, y)
+    >>> zz = np.sqrt(xx**2 + yy**2)
+    >>> xx.shape, yy.shape, zz.shape
+    ((101, 101), (101, 101), (101, 101))
+    >>> # sparse coordinate arrays
+    >>> xs, ys = np.meshgrid(x, y, sparse=True)
+    >>> zs = np.sqrt(xs**2 + ys**2)
+    >>> xs.shape, ys.shape, zs.shape
+    ((1, 101), (101, 1), (101, 101))
+    >>> np.array_equal(zz, zs)
+    True
+
+    >>> h = plt.contourf(x, y, zs)
+    >>> plt.axis('scaled')
+    >>> plt.colorbar()
+    >>> plt.show()
+    """
+    ndim = len(xi)
+
+    if indexing not in ['xy', 'ij']:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Valid values for `indexing` are 'xy' and 'ij'.")
+
+    s0 = (1,) * ndim
+    output = [np.asanyarray(x).reshape(s0[:i] + (-1,) + s0[i + 1:])
+              for i, x in enumerate(xi)]
+
+    if indexing == 'xy' and ndim > 1:
+        # switch first and second axis
+        output[0].shape = (1, -1) + s0[2:]
+        output[1].shape = (-1, 1) + s0[2:]
+
+    if not sparse:
+        # Return the full N-D matrix (not only the 1-D vector)
+        output = np.broadcast_arrays(*output, subok=True)
+
+    if copy:
+        output = [x.copy() for x in output]
+
+    return output
+
+
+def _delete_dispatcher(arr, obj, axis=None):
+    return (arr, obj)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_delete_dispatcher)
+def delete(arr, obj, axis=None):
+    """
+    Return a new array with sub-arrays along an axis deleted. For a one
+    dimensional array, this returns those entries not returned by
+    `arr[obj]`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : array_like
+        Input array.
+    obj : slice, int or array of ints
+        Indicate indices of sub-arrays to remove along the specified axis.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.19.0
+            Boolean indices are now treated as a mask of elements to remove,
+            rather than being cast to the integers 0 and 1.
+
+    axis : int, optional
+        The axis along which to delete the subarray defined by `obj`.
+        If `axis` is None, `obj` is applied to the flattened array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        A copy of `arr` with the elements specified by `obj` removed. Note
+        that `delete` does not occur in-place. If `axis` is None, `out` is
+        a flattened array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    insert : Insert elements into an array.
+    append : Append elements at the end of an array.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Often it is preferable to use a boolean mask. For example:
+
+    >>> arr = np.arange(12) + 1
+    >>> mask = np.ones(len(arr), dtype=bool)
+    >>> mask[[0,2,4]] = False
+    >>> result = arr[mask,...]
+
+    Is equivalent to ``np.delete(arr, [0,2,4], axis=0)``, but allows further
+    use of `mask`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> arr = np.array([[1,2,3,4], [5,6,7,8], [9,10,11,12]])
+    >>> arr
+    array([[ 1,  2,  3,  4],
+           [ 5,  6,  7,  8],
+           [ 9, 10, 11, 12]])
+    >>> np.delete(arr, 1, 0)
+    array([[ 1,  2,  3,  4],
+           [ 9, 10, 11, 12]])
+
+    >>> np.delete(arr, np.s_[::2], 1)
+    array([[ 2,  4],
+           [ 6,  8],
+           [10, 12]])
+    >>> np.delete(arr, [1,3,5], None)
+    array([ 1,  3,  5,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12])
+
+    """
+    wrap = None
+    if type(arr) is not ndarray:
+        try:
+            wrap = arr.__array_wrap__
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+    arr = asarray(arr)
+    ndim = arr.ndim
+    arrorder = 'F' if arr.flags.fnc else 'C'
+    if axis is None:
+        if ndim != 1:
+            arr = arr.ravel()
+        # needed for np.matrix, which is still not 1d after being ravelled
+        ndim = arr.ndim
+        axis = ndim - 1
+    else:
+        axis = normalize_axis_index(axis, ndim)
+
+    slobj = [slice(None)]*ndim
+    N = arr.shape[axis]
+    newshape = list(arr.shape)
+
+    if isinstance(obj, slice):
+        start, stop, step = obj.indices(N)
+        xr = range(start, stop, step)
+        numtodel = len(xr)
+
+        if numtodel <= 0:
+            if wrap:
+                return wrap(arr.copy(order=arrorder))
+            else:
+                return arr.copy(order=arrorder)
+
+        # Invert if step is negative:
+        if step < 0:
+            step = -step
+            start = xr[-1]
+            stop = xr[0] + 1
+
+        newshape[axis] -= numtodel
+        new = empty(newshape, arr.dtype, arrorder)
+        # copy initial chunk
+        if start == 0:
+            pass
+        else:
+            slobj[axis] = slice(None, start)
+            new[tuple(slobj)] = arr[tuple(slobj)]
+        # copy end chunk
+        if stop == N:
+            pass
+        else:
+            slobj[axis] = slice(stop-numtodel, None)
+            slobj2 = [slice(None)]*ndim
+            slobj2[axis] = slice(stop, None)
+            new[tuple(slobj)] = arr[tuple(slobj2)]
+        # copy middle pieces
+        if step == 1:
+            pass
+        else:  # use array indexing.
+            keep = ones(stop-start, dtype=bool)
+            keep[:stop-start:step] = False
+            slobj[axis] = slice(start, stop-numtodel)
+            slobj2 = [slice(None)]*ndim
+            slobj2[axis] = slice(start, stop)
+            arr = arr[tuple(slobj2)]
+            slobj2[axis] = keep
+            new[tuple(slobj)] = arr[tuple(slobj2)]
+        if wrap:
+            return wrap(new)
+        else:
+            return new
+
+    if isinstance(obj, (int, integer)) and not isinstance(obj, bool):
+        single_value = True
+    else:
+        single_value = False
+        _obj = obj
+        obj = np.asarray(obj)
+        # `size == 0` to allow empty lists similar to indexing, but (as there)
+        # is really too generic:
+        if obj.size == 0 and not isinstance(_obj, np.ndarray):
+            obj = obj.astype(intp)
+        elif obj.size == 1 and obj.dtype.kind in "ui":
+            # For a size 1 integer array we can use the single-value path
+            # (most dtypes, except boolean, should just fail later).
+            obj = obj.item()
+            single_value = True
+
+    if single_value:
+        # optimization for a single value
+        if (obj < -N or obj >= N):
+            raise IndexError(
+                "index %i is out of bounds for axis %i with "
+                "size %i" % (obj, axis, N))
+        if (obj < 0):
+            obj += N
+        newshape[axis] -= 1
+        new = empty(newshape, arr.dtype, arrorder)
+        slobj[axis] = slice(None, obj)
+        new[tuple(slobj)] = arr[tuple(slobj)]
+        slobj[axis] = slice(obj, None)
+        slobj2 = [slice(None)]*ndim
+        slobj2[axis] = slice(obj+1, None)
+        new[tuple(slobj)] = arr[tuple(slobj2)]
+    else:
+        if obj.dtype == bool:
+            if obj.shape != (N,):
+                raise ValueError('boolean array argument obj to delete '
+                                 'must be one dimensional and match the axis '
+                                 'length of {}'.format(N))
+
+            # optimization, the other branch is slower
+            keep = ~obj
+        else:
+            keep = ones(N, dtype=bool)
+            keep[obj,] = False
+
+        slobj[axis] = keep
+        new = arr[tuple(slobj)]
+
+    if wrap:
+        return wrap(new)
+    else:
+        return new
+
+
+def _insert_dispatcher(arr, obj, values, axis=None):
+    return (arr, obj, values)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_insert_dispatcher)
+def insert(arr, obj, values, axis=None):
+    """
+    Insert values along the given axis before the given indices.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : array_like
+        Input array.
+    obj : int, slice or sequence of ints
+        Object that defines the index or indices before which `values` is
+        inserted.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+        Support for multiple insertions when `obj` is a single scalar or a
+        sequence with one element (similar to calling insert multiple
+        times).
+    values : array_like
+        Values to insert into `arr`. If the type of `values` is different
+        from that of `arr`, `values` is converted to the type of `arr`.
+        `values` should be shaped so that ``arr[...,obj,...] = values``
+        is legal.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which to insert `values`.  If `axis` is None then `arr`
+        is flattened first.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        A copy of `arr` with `values` inserted.  Note that `insert`
+        does not occur in-place: a new array is returned. If
+        `axis` is None, `out` is a flattened array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    append : Append elements at the end of an array.
+    concatenate : Join a sequence of arrays along an existing axis.
+    delete : Delete elements from an array.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Note that for higher dimensional inserts ``obj=0`` behaves very different
+    from ``obj=[0]`` just like ``arr[:,0,:] = values`` is different from
+    ``arr[:,[0],:] = values``.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 1], [2, 2], [3, 3]])
+    >>> a
+    array([[1, 1],
+           [2, 2],
+           [3, 3]])
+    >>> np.insert(a, 1, 5)
+    array([1, 5, 1, ..., 2, 3, 3])
+    >>> np.insert(a, 1, 5, axis=1)
+    array([[1, 5, 1],
+           [2, 5, 2],
+           [3, 5, 3]])
+
+    Difference between sequence and scalars:
+
+    >>> np.insert(a, [1], [[1],[2],[3]], axis=1)
+    array([[1, 1, 1],
+           [2, 2, 2],
+           [3, 3, 3]])
+    >>> np.array_equal(np.insert(a, 1, [1, 2, 3], axis=1),
+    ...                np.insert(a, [1], [[1],[2],[3]], axis=1))
+    True
+
+    >>> b = a.flatten()
+    >>> b
+    array([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3])
+    >>> np.insert(b, [2, 2], [5, 6])
+    array([1, 1, 5, ..., 2, 3, 3])
+
+    >>> np.insert(b, slice(2, 4), [5, 6])
+    array([1, 1, 5, ..., 2, 3, 3])
+
+    >>> np.insert(b, [2, 2], [7.13, False]) # type casting
+    array([1, 1, 7, ..., 2, 3, 3])
+
+    >>> x = np.arange(8).reshape(2, 4)
+    >>> idx = (1, 3)
+    >>> np.insert(x, idx, 999, axis=1)
+    array([[  0, 999,   1,   2, 999,   3],
+           [  4, 999,   5,   6, 999,   7]])
+
+    """
+    wrap = None
+    if type(arr) is not ndarray:
+        try:
+            wrap = arr.__array_wrap__
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+    arr = asarray(arr)
+    ndim = arr.ndim
+    arrorder = 'F' if arr.flags.fnc else 'C'
+    if axis is None:
+        if ndim != 1:
+            arr = arr.ravel()
+        # needed for np.matrix, which is still not 1d after being ravelled
+        ndim = arr.ndim
+        axis = ndim - 1
+    else:
+        axis = normalize_axis_index(axis, ndim)
+    slobj = [slice(None)]*ndim
+    N = arr.shape[axis]
+    newshape = list(arr.shape)
+
+    if isinstance(obj, slice):
+        # turn it into a range object
+        indices = arange(*obj.indices(N), dtype=intp)
+    else:
+        # need to copy obj, because indices will be changed in-place
+        indices = np.array(obj)
+        if indices.dtype == bool:
+            # See also delete
+            # 2012-10-11, NumPy 1.8
+            warnings.warn(
+                "in the future insert will treat boolean arrays and "
+                "array-likes as a boolean index instead of casting it to "
+                "integer", FutureWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            indices = indices.astype(intp)
+            # Code after warning period:
+            #if obj.ndim != 1:
+            #    raise ValueError('boolean array argument obj to insert '
+            #                     'must be one dimensional')
+            #indices = np.flatnonzero(obj)
+        elif indices.ndim > 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "index array argument obj to insert must be one dimensional "
+                "or scalar")
+    if indices.size == 1:
+        index = indices.item()
+        if index < -N or index > N:
+            raise IndexError(f"index {obj} is out of bounds for axis {axis} "
+                             f"with size {N}")
+        if (index < 0):
+            index += N
+
+        # There are some object array corner cases here, but we cannot avoid
+        # that:
+        values = array(values, copy=False, ndmin=arr.ndim, dtype=arr.dtype)
+        if indices.ndim == 0:
+            # broadcasting is very different here, since a[:,0,:] = ... behaves
+            # very different from a[:,[0],:] = ...! This changes values so that
+            # it works likes the second case. (here a[:,0:1,:])
+            values = np.moveaxis(values, 0, axis)
+        numnew = values.shape[axis]
+        newshape[axis] += numnew
+        new = empty(newshape, arr.dtype, arrorder)
+        slobj[axis] = slice(None, index)
+        new[tuple(slobj)] = arr[tuple(slobj)]
+        slobj[axis] = slice(index, index+numnew)
+        new[tuple(slobj)] = values
+        slobj[axis] = slice(index+numnew, None)
+        slobj2 = [slice(None)] * ndim
+        slobj2[axis] = slice(index, None)
+        new[tuple(slobj)] = arr[tuple(slobj2)]
+        if wrap:
+            return wrap(new)
+        return new
+    elif indices.size == 0 and not isinstance(obj, np.ndarray):
+        # Can safely cast the empty list to intp
+        indices = indices.astype(intp)
+
+    indices[indices < 0] += N
+
+    numnew = len(indices)
+    order = indices.argsort(kind='mergesort')   # stable sort
+    indices[order] += np.arange(numnew)
+
+    newshape[axis] += numnew
+    old_mask = ones(newshape[axis], dtype=bool)
+    old_mask[indices] = False
+
+    new = empty(newshape, arr.dtype, arrorder)
+    slobj2 = [slice(None)]*ndim
+    slobj[axis] = indices
+    slobj2[axis] = old_mask
+    new[tuple(slobj)] = values
+    new[tuple(slobj2)] = arr
+
+    if wrap:
+        return wrap(new)
+    return new
+
+
+def _append_dispatcher(arr, values, axis=None):
+    return (arr, values)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_append_dispatcher)
+def append(arr, values, axis=None):
+    """
+    Append values to the end of an array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : array_like
+        Values are appended to a copy of this array.
+    values : array_like
+        These values are appended to a copy of `arr`.  It must be of the
+        correct shape (the same shape as `arr`, excluding `axis`).  If
+        `axis` is not specified, `values` can be any shape and will be
+        flattened before use.
+    axis : int, optional
+        The axis along which `values` are appended.  If `axis` is not
+        given, both `arr` and `values` are flattened before use.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    append : ndarray
+        A copy of `arr` with `values` appended to `axis`.  Note that
+        `append` does not occur in-place: a new array is allocated and
+        filled.  If `axis` is None, `out` is a flattened array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    insert : Insert elements into an array.
+    delete : Delete elements from an array.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.append([1, 2, 3], [[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
+    array([1, 2, 3, ..., 7, 8, 9])
+
+    When `axis` is specified, `values` must have the correct shape.
+
+    >>> np.append([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], [[7, 8, 9]], axis=0)
+    array([[1, 2, 3],
+           [4, 5, 6],
+           [7, 8, 9]])
+    >>> np.append([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], [7, 8, 9], axis=0)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: all the input arrays must have same number of dimensions, but
+    the array at index 0 has 2 dimension(s) and the array at index 1 has 1
+    dimension(s)
+
+    """
+    arr = asanyarray(arr)
+    if axis is None:
+        if arr.ndim != 1:
+            arr = arr.ravel()
+        values = ravel(values)
+        axis = arr.ndim-1
+    return concatenate((arr, values), axis=axis)
+
+
+def _digitize_dispatcher(x, bins, right=None):
+    return (x, bins)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_digitize_dispatcher)
+def digitize(x, bins, right=False):
+    """
+    Return the indices of the bins to which each value in input array belongs.
+
+    =========  =============  ============================
+    `right`    order of bins  returned index `i` satisfies
+    =========  =============  ============================
+    ``False``  increasing     ``bins[i-1] <= x < bins[i]``
+    ``True``   increasing     ``bins[i-1] < x <= bins[i]``
+    ``False``  decreasing     ``bins[i-1] > x >= bins[i]``
+    ``True``   decreasing     ``bins[i-1] >= x > bins[i]``
+    =========  =============  ============================
+
+    If values in `x` are beyond the bounds of `bins`, 0 or ``len(bins)`` is
+    returned as appropriate.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input array to be binned. Prior to NumPy 1.10.0, this array had to
+        be 1-dimensional, but can now have any shape.
+    bins : array_like
+        Array of bins. It has to be 1-dimensional and monotonic.
+    right : bool, optional
+        Indicating whether the intervals include the right or the left bin
+        edge. Default behavior is (right==False) indicating that the interval
+        does not include the right edge. The left bin end is open in this
+        case, i.e., bins[i-1] <= x < bins[i] is the default behavior for
+        monotonically increasing bins.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    indices : ndarray of ints
+        Output array of indices, of same shape as `x`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If `bins` is not monotonic.
+    TypeError
+        If the type of the input is complex.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    bincount, histogram, unique, searchsorted
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    If values in `x` are such that they fall outside the bin range,
+    attempting to index `bins` with the indices that `digitize` returns
+    will result in an IndexError.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+
+    `np.digitize` is  implemented in terms of `np.searchsorted`. This means
+    that a binary search is used to bin the values, which scales much better
+    for larger number of bins than the previous linear search. It also removes
+    the requirement for the input array to be 1-dimensional.
+
+    For monotonically _increasing_ `bins`, the following are equivalent::
+
+        np.digitize(x, bins, right=True)
+        np.searchsorted(bins, x, side='left')
+
+    Note that as the order of the arguments are reversed, the side must be too.
+    The `searchsorted` call is marginally faster, as it does not do any
+    monotonicity checks. Perhaps more importantly, it supports all dtypes.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.array([0.2, 6.4, 3.0, 1.6])
+    >>> bins = np.array([0.0, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 10.0])
+    >>> inds = np.digitize(x, bins)
+    >>> inds
+    array([1, 4, 3, 2])
+    >>> for n in range(x.size):
+    ...   print(bins[inds[n]-1], "<=", x[n], "<", bins[inds[n]])
+    ...
+    0.0 <= 0.2 < 1.0
+    4.0 <= 6.4 < 10.0
+    2.5 <= 3.0 < 4.0
+    1.0 <= 1.6 < 2.5
+
+    >>> x = np.array([1.2, 10.0, 12.4, 15.5, 20.])
+    >>> bins = np.array([0, 5, 10, 15, 20])
+    >>> np.digitize(x,bins,right=True)
+    array([1, 2, 3, 4, 4])
+    >>> np.digitize(x,bins,right=False)
+    array([1, 3, 3, 4, 5])
+    """
+    x = _nx.asarray(x)
+    bins = _nx.asarray(bins)
+
+    # here for compatibility, searchsorted below is happy to take this
+    if np.issubdtype(x.dtype, _nx.complexfloating):
+        raise TypeError("x may not be complex")
+
+    mono = _monotonicity(bins)
+    if mono == 0:
+        raise ValueError("bins must be monotonically increasing or decreasing")
+
+    # this is backwards because the arguments below are swapped
+    side = 'left' if right else 'right'
+    if mono == -1:
+        # reverse the bins, and invert the results
+        return len(bins) - _nx.searchsorted(bins[::-1], x, side=side)
+    else:
+        return _nx.searchsorted(bins, x, side=side)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/function_base.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/function_base.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..687e4ab1708bf2667f1ff4fc8344bab9786cefc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/function_base.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,697 @@
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Sequence, Iterator, Callable, Iterable
+from typing import (
+    Literal as L,
+    Any,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
+    Protocol,
+    SupportsIndex,
+    SupportsInt,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from typing import TypeGuard
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeGuard
+
+from numpy import (
+    vectorize as vectorize,
+    ufunc,
+    generic,
+    floating,
+    complexfloating,
+    intp,
+    float64,
+    complex128,
+    timedelta64,
+    datetime64,
+    object_,
+    _OrderKACF,
+)
+
+from numpy._typing import (
+    NDArray,
+    ArrayLike,
+    DTypeLike,
+    _ShapeLike,
+    _ScalarLike_co,
+    _DTypeLike,
+    _ArrayLike,
+    _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    _ArrayLikeTD64_co,
+    _ArrayLikeDT64_co,
+    _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    _FloatLike_co,
+    _ComplexLike_co,
+)
+
+from numpy.core.function_base import (
+    add_newdoc as add_newdoc,
+)
+
+from numpy.core.multiarray import (
+    add_docstring as add_docstring,
+    bincount as bincount,
+)
+
+from numpy.core.umath import _add_newdoc_ufunc
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
+_SCT = TypeVar("_SCT", bound=generic)
+_ArrayType = TypeVar("_ArrayType", bound=NDArray[Any])
+
+_2Tuple = tuple[_T, _T]
+
+class _TrimZerosSequence(Protocol[_T_co]):
+    def __len__(self) -> int: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key: slice, /) -> _T_co: ...
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Any]: ...
+
+class _SupportsWriteFlush(Protocol):
+    def write(self, s: str, /) -> object: ...
+    def flush(self) -> object: ...
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+# NOTE: This is in reality a re-export of `np.core.umath._add_newdoc_ufunc`
+def add_newdoc_ufunc(ufunc: ufunc, new_docstring: str, /) -> None: ...
+
+@overload
+def rot90(
+    m: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    k: int = ...,
+    axes: tuple[int, int] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def rot90(
+    m: ArrayLike,
+    k: int = ...,
+    axes: tuple[int, int] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def flip(m: _SCT, axis: None = ...) -> _SCT: ...
+@overload
+def flip(m: _ScalarLike_co, axis: None = ...) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def flip(m: _ArrayLike[_SCT], axis: None | _ShapeLike = ...) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def flip(m: ArrayLike, axis: None | _ShapeLike = ...) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+def iterable(y: object) -> TypeGuard[Iterable[Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def average(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    weights: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co= ...,
+    returned: L[False] = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> floating[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def average(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    weights: None | _ArrayLikeComplex_co = ...,
+    returned: L[False] = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def average(
+    a: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    weights: None | Any = ...,
+    returned: L[False] = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def average(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    weights: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co= ...,
+    returned: L[True] = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> _2Tuple[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def average(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    weights: None | _ArrayLikeComplex_co = ...,
+    returned: L[True] = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> _2Tuple[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def average(
+    a: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    weights: None | Any = ...,
+    returned: L[True] = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> _2Tuple[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def average(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    axis: None | _ShapeLike = ...,
+    weights: None | Any = ...,
+    returned: L[False] = ...,
+    keepdims: bool = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def average(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    axis: None | _ShapeLike = ...,
+    weights: None | Any = ...,
+    returned: L[True] = ...,
+    keepdims: bool = ...,
+) -> _2Tuple[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def asarray_chkfinite(
+    a: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    dtype: None = ...,
+    order: _OrderKACF = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def asarray_chkfinite(
+    a: object,
+    dtype: None = ...,
+    order: _OrderKACF = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def asarray_chkfinite(
+    a: Any,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_SCT],
+    order: _OrderKACF = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def asarray_chkfinite(
+    a: Any,
+    dtype: DTypeLike,
+    order: _OrderKACF = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+# TODO: Use PEP 612 `ParamSpec` once mypy supports `Concatenate`
+# xref python/mypy#8645
+@overload
+def piecewise(
+    x: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    condlist: ArrayLike,
+    funclist: Sequence[Any | Callable[..., Any]],
+    *args: Any,
+    **kw: Any,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def piecewise(
+    x: ArrayLike,
+    condlist: ArrayLike,
+    funclist: Sequence[Any | Callable[..., Any]],
+    *args: Any,
+    **kw: Any,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+def select(
+    condlist: Sequence[ArrayLike],
+    choicelist: Sequence[ArrayLike],
+    default: ArrayLike = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def copy(
+    a: _ArrayType,
+    order: _OrderKACF,
+    subok: L[True],
+) -> _ArrayType: ...
+@overload
+def copy(
+    a: _ArrayType,
+    order: _OrderKACF = ...,
+    *,
+    subok: L[True],
+) -> _ArrayType: ...
+@overload
+def copy(
+    a: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    order: _OrderKACF = ...,
+    subok: L[False] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def copy(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    order: _OrderKACF = ...,
+    subok: L[False] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+def gradient(
+    f: ArrayLike,
+    *varargs: ArrayLike,
+    axis: None | _ShapeLike = ...,
+    edge_order: L[1, 2] = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+
+@overload
+def diff(
+    a: _T,
+    n: L[0],
+    axis: SupportsIndex = ...,
+    prepend: ArrayLike = ...,
+    append: ArrayLike = ...,
+) -> _T: ...
+@overload
+def diff(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    n: int = ...,
+    axis: SupportsIndex = ...,
+    prepend: ArrayLike = ...,
+    append: ArrayLike = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def interp(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    xp: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    fp: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    left: None | _FloatLike_co = ...,
+    right: None | _FloatLike_co = ...,
+    period: None | _FloatLike_co = ...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def interp(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    xp: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    fp: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    left: None | _ComplexLike_co = ...,
+    right: None | _ComplexLike_co = ...,
+    period: None | _FloatLike_co = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+
+@overload
+def angle(z: _ComplexLike_co, deg: bool = ...) -> floating[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def angle(z: object_, deg: bool = ...) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def angle(z: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, deg: bool = ...) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def angle(z: _ArrayLikeObject_co, deg: bool = ...) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+
+@overload
+def unwrap(
+    p: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    discont: None | float = ...,
+    axis: int = ...,
+    *,
+    period: float = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def unwrap(
+    p: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    discont: None | float = ...,
+    axis: int = ...,
+    *,
+    period: float = ...,
+) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+
+def sort_complex(a: ArrayLike) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+def trim_zeros(
+    filt: _TrimZerosSequence[_T],
+    trim: L["f", "b", "fb", "bf"] = ...,
+) -> _T: ...
+
+@overload
+def extract(condition: ArrayLike, arr: _ArrayLike[_SCT]) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def extract(condition: ArrayLike, arr: ArrayLike) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+def place(arr: NDArray[Any], mask: ArrayLike, vals: Any) -> None: ...
+
+def disp(
+    mesg: object,
+    device: None | _SupportsWriteFlush = ...,
+    linefeed: bool = ...,
+) -> None: ...
+
+@overload
+def cov(
+    m: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    y: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    rowvar: bool = ...,
+    bias: bool = ...,
+    ddof: None | SupportsIndex | SupportsInt = ...,
+    fweights: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    aweights: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    *,
+    dtype: None = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def cov(
+    m: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    y: None | _ArrayLikeComplex_co = ...,
+    rowvar: bool = ...,
+    bias: bool = ...,
+    ddof: None | SupportsIndex | SupportsInt = ...,
+    fweights: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    aweights: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    *,
+    dtype: None = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def cov(
+    m: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    y: None | _ArrayLikeComplex_co = ...,
+    rowvar: bool = ...,
+    bias: bool = ...,
+    ddof: None | SupportsIndex | SupportsInt = ...,
+    fweights: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    aweights: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    *,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_SCT],
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def cov(
+    m: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    y: None | _ArrayLikeComplex_co = ...,
+    rowvar: bool = ...,
+    bias: bool = ...,
+    ddof: None | SupportsIndex | SupportsInt = ...,
+    fweights: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    aweights: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+    *,
+    dtype: DTypeLike,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+# NOTE `bias` and `ddof` have been deprecated
+@overload
+def corrcoef(
+    m: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    y: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    rowvar: bool = ...,
+    *,
+    dtype: None = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def corrcoef(
+    m: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    y: None | _ArrayLikeComplex_co = ...,
+    rowvar: bool = ...,
+    *,
+    dtype: None = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def corrcoef(
+    m: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    y: None | _ArrayLikeComplex_co = ...,
+    rowvar: bool = ...,
+    *,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_SCT],
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def corrcoef(
+    m: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    y: None | _ArrayLikeComplex_co = ...,
+    rowvar: bool = ...,
+    *,
+    dtype: DTypeLike,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+def blackman(M: _FloatLike_co) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+
+def bartlett(M: _FloatLike_co) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+
+def hanning(M: _FloatLike_co) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+
+def hamming(M: _FloatLike_co) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+
+def i0(x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+
+def kaiser(
+    M: _FloatLike_co,
+    beta: _FloatLike_co,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def sinc(x: _FloatLike_co) -> floating[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def sinc(x: _ComplexLike_co) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def sinc(x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def sinc(x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+# NOTE: Deprecated
+# def msort(a: ArrayLike) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def median(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> floating[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def median(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def median(
+    a: _ArrayLikeTD64_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> timedelta64: ...
+@overload
+def median(
+    a: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def median(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co | _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeTD64_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    axis: None | _ShapeLike = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    keepdims: bool = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def median(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co | _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeTD64_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    axis: None | _ShapeLike = ...,
+    out: _ArrayType = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    keepdims: bool = ...,
+) -> _ArrayType: ...
+
+_MethodKind = L[
+    "inverted_cdf",
+    "averaged_inverted_cdf",
+    "closest_observation",
+    "interpolated_inverted_cdf",
+    "hazen",
+    "weibull",
+    "linear",
+    "median_unbiased",
+    "normal_unbiased",
+    "lower",
+    "higher",
+    "midpoint",
+    "nearest",
+]
+
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    q: _FloatLike_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> floating[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    q: _FloatLike_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeTD64_co,
+    q: _FloatLike_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> timedelta64: ...
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeDT64_co,
+    q: _FloatLike_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> datetime64: ...
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    q: _FloatLike_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    q: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    q: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeTD64_co,
+    q: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[timedelta64]: ...
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeDT64_co,
+    q: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[datetime64]: ...
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    q: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: L[False] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeTD64_co | _ArrayLikeTD64_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    q: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    axis: None | _ShapeLike = ...,
+    out: None = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: bool = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def percentile(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeTD64_co | _ArrayLikeTD64_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    q: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    axis: None | _ShapeLike = ...,
+    out: _ArrayType = ...,
+    overwrite_input: bool = ...,
+    method: _MethodKind = ...,
+    keepdims: bool = ...,
+) -> _ArrayType: ...
+
+# NOTE: Not an alias, but they do have identical signatures
+# (that we can reuse)
+quantile = percentile
+
+# TODO: Returns a scalar for <= 1D array-likes; returns an ndarray otherwise
+def trapz(
+    y: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeTD64_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    x: None | _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeTD64_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co = ...,
+    dx: float = ...,
+    axis: SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+
+def meshgrid(
+    *xi: ArrayLike,
+    copy: bool = ...,
+    sparse: bool = ...,
+    indexing: L["xy", "ij"] = ...,
+) -> list[NDArray[Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def delete(
+    arr: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    obj: slice | _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def delete(
+    arr: ArrayLike,
+    obj: slice | _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def insert(
+    arr: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    obj: slice | _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    values: ArrayLike,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def insert(
+    arr: ArrayLike,
+    obj: slice | _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    values: ArrayLike,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+def append(
+    arr: ArrayLike,
+    values: ArrayLike,
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def digitize(
+    x: _FloatLike_co,
+    bins: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    right: bool = ...,
+) -> intp: ...
+@overload
+def digitize(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    bins: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    right: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[intp]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/histograms.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/histograms.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ac65b726928bb21432a7a6edcbf73fbeaedb137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/histograms.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1072 @@
+"""
+Histogram-related functions
+"""
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import operator
+import warnings
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core import overrides
+
+__all__ = ['histogram', 'histogramdd', 'histogram_bin_edges']
+
+array_function_dispatch = functools.partial(
+    overrides.array_function_dispatch, module='numpy')
+
+# range is a keyword argument to many functions, so save the builtin so they can
+# use it.
+_range = range
+
+
+def _ptp(x):
+    """Peak-to-peak value of x.
+
+    This implementation avoids the problem of signed integer arrays having a
+    peak-to-peak value that cannot be represented with the array's data type.
+    This function returns an unsigned value for signed integer arrays.
+    """
+    return _unsigned_subtract(x.max(), x.min())
+
+
+def _hist_bin_sqrt(x, range):
+    """
+    Square root histogram bin estimator.
+
+    Bin width is inversely proportional to the data size. Used by many
+    programs for its simplicity.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input data that is to be histogrammed, trimmed to range. May not
+        be empty.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    h : An estimate of the optimal bin width for the given data.
+    """
+    del range  # unused
+    return _ptp(x) / np.sqrt(x.size)
+
+
+def _hist_bin_sturges(x, range):
+    """
+    Sturges histogram bin estimator.
+
+    A very simplistic estimator based on the assumption of normality of
+    the data. This estimator has poor performance for non-normal data,
+    which becomes especially obvious for large data sets. The estimate
+    depends only on size of the data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input data that is to be histogrammed, trimmed to range. May not
+        be empty.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    h : An estimate of the optimal bin width for the given data.
+    """
+    del range  # unused
+    return _ptp(x) / (np.log2(x.size) + 1.0)
+
+
+def _hist_bin_rice(x, range):
+    """
+    Rice histogram bin estimator.
+
+    Another simple estimator with no normality assumption. It has better
+    performance for large data than Sturges, but tends to overestimate
+    the number of bins. The number of bins is proportional to the cube
+    root of data size (asymptotically optimal). The estimate depends
+    only on size of the data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input data that is to be histogrammed, trimmed to range. May not
+        be empty.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    h : An estimate of the optimal bin width for the given data.
+    """
+    del range  # unused
+    return _ptp(x) / (2.0 * x.size ** (1.0 / 3))
+
+
+def _hist_bin_scott(x, range):
+    """
+    Scott histogram bin estimator.
+
+    The binwidth is proportional to the standard deviation of the data
+    and inversely proportional to the cube root of data size
+    (asymptotically optimal).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input data that is to be histogrammed, trimmed to range. May not
+        be empty.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    h : An estimate of the optimal bin width for the given data.
+    """
+    del range  # unused
+    return (24.0 * np.pi**0.5 / x.size)**(1.0 / 3.0) * np.std(x)
+
+
+def _hist_bin_stone(x, range):
+    """
+    Histogram bin estimator based on minimizing the estimated integrated squared error (ISE).
+
+    The number of bins is chosen by minimizing the estimated ISE against the unknown true distribution.
+    The ISE is estimated using cross-validation and can be regarded as a generalization of Scott's rule.
+    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram#Scott.27s_normal_reference_rule
+
+    This paper by Stone appears to be the origination of this rule.
+    http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/sdtr/ucb/text/34.pdf
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input data that is to be histogrammed, trimmed to range. May not
+        be empty.
+    range : (float, float)
+        The lower and upper range of the bins.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    h : An estimate of the optimal bin width for the given data.
+    """
+
+    n = x.size
+    ptp_x = _ptp(x)
+    if n <= 1 or ptp_x == 0:
+        return 0
+
+    def jhat(nbins):
+        hh = ptp_x / nbins
+        p_k = np.histogram(x, bins=nbins, range=range)[0] / n
+        return (2 - (n + 1) * p_k.dot(p_k)) / hh
+
+    nbins_upper_bound = max(100, int(np.sqrt(n)))
+    nbins = min(_range(1, nbins_upper_bound + 1), key=jhat)
+    if nbins == nbins_upper_bound:
+        warnings.warn("The number of bins estimated may be suboptimal.",
+                      RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=3)
+    return ptp_x / nbins
+
+
+def _hist_bin_doane(x, range):
+    """
+    Doane's histogram bin estimator.
+
+    Improved version of Sturges' formula which works better for
+    non-normal data. See
+    stats.stackexchange.com/questions/55134/doanes-formula-for-histogram-binning
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input data that is to be histogrammed, trimmed to range. May not
+        be empty.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    h : An estimate of the optimal bin width for the given data.
+    """
+    del range  # unused
+    if x.size > 2:
+        sg1 = np.sqrt(6.0 * (x.size - 2) / ((x.size + 1.0) * (x.size + 3)))
+        sigma = np.std(x)
+        if sigma > 0.0:
+            # These three operations add up to
+            # g1 = np.mean(((x - np.mean(x)) / sigma)**3)
+            # but use only one temp array instead of three
+            temp = x - np.mean(x)
+            np.true_divide(temp, sigma, temp)
+            np.power(temp, 3, temp)
+            g1 = np.mean(temp)
+            return _ptp(x) / (1.0 + np.log2(x.size) +
+                                    np.log2(1.0 + np.absolute(g1) / sg1))
+    return 0.0
+
+
+def _hist_bin_fd(x, range):
+    """
+    The Freedman-Diaconis histogram bin estimator.
+
+    The Freedman-Diaconis rule uses interquartile range (IQR) to
+    estimate binwidth. It is considered a variation of the Scott rule
+    with more robustness as the IQR is less affected by outliers than
+    the standard deviation. However, the IQR depends on fewer points
+    than the standard deviation, so it is less accurate, especially for
+    long tailed distributions.
+
+    If the IQR is 0, this function returns 0 for the bin width.
+    Binwidth is inversely proportional to the cube root of data size
+    (asymptotically optimal).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input data that is to be histogrammed, trimmed to range. May not
+        be empty.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    h : An estimate of the optimal bin width for the given data.
+    """
+    del range  # unused
+    iqr = np.subtract(*np.percentile(x, [75, 25]))
+    return 2.0 * iqr * x.size ** (-1.0 / 3.0)
+
+
+def _hist_bin_auto(x, range):
+    """
+    Histogram bin estimator that uses the minimum width of the
+    Freedman-Diaconis and Sturges estimators if the FD bin width is non-zero.
+    If the bin width from the FD estimator is 0, the Sturges estimator is used.
+
+    The FD estimator is usually the most robust method, but its width
+    estimate tends to be too large for small `x` and bad for data with limited
+    variance. The Sturges estimator is quite good for small (<1000) datasets
+    and is the default in the R language. This method gives good off-the-shelf
+    behaviour.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.15.0
+    If there is limited variance the IQR can be 0, which results in the
+    FD bin width being 0 too. This is not a valid bin width, so
+    ``np.histogram_bin_edges`` chooses 1 bin instead, which may not be optimal.
+    If the IQR is 0, it's unlikely any variance-based estimators will be of
+    use, so we revert to the Sturges estimator, which only uses the size of the
+    dataset in its calculation.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input data that is to be histogrammed, trimmed to range. May not
+        be empty.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    h : An estimate of the optimal bin width for the given data.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    _hist_bin_fd, _hist_bin_sturges
+    """
+    fd_bw = _hist_bin_fd(x, range)
+    sturges_bw = _hist_bin_sturges(x, range)
+    del range  # unused
+    if fd_bw:
+        return min(fd_bw, sturges_bw)
+    else:
+        # limited variance, so we return a len dependent bw estimator
+        return sturges_bw
+
+# Private dict initialized at module load time
+_hist_bin_selectors = {'stone': _hist_bin_stone,
+                       'auto': _hist_bin_auto,
+                       'doane': _hist_bin_doane,
+                       'fd': _hist_bin_fd,
+                       'rice': _hist_bin_rice,
+                       'scott': _hist_bin_scott,
+                       'sqrt': _hist_bin_sqrt,
+                       'sturges': _hist_bin_sturges}
+
+
+def _ravel_and_check_weights(a, weights):
+    """ Check a and weights have matching shapes, and ravel both """
+    a = np.asarray(a)
+
+    # Ensure that the array is a "subtractable" dtype
+    if a.dtype == np.bool_:
+        warnings.warn("Converting input from {} to {} for compatibility."
+                      .format(a.dtype, np.uint8),
+                      RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=3)
+        a = a.astype(np.uint8)
+
+    if weights is not None:
+        weights = np.asarray(weights)
+        if weights.shape != a.shape:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'weights should have the same shape as a.')
+        weights = weights.ravel()
+    a = a.ravel()
+    return a, weights
+
+
+def _get_outer_edges(a, range):
+    """
+    Determine the outer bin edges to use, from either the data or the range
+    argument
+    """
+    if range is not None:
+        first_edge, last_edge = range
+        if first_edge > last_edge:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'max must be larger than min in range parameter.')
+        if not (np.isfinite(first_edge) and np.isfinite(last_edge)):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "supplied range of [{}, {}] is not finite".format(first_edge, last_edge))
+    elif a.size == 0:
+        # handle empty arrays. Can't determine range, so use 0-1.
+        first_edge, last_edge = 0, 1
+    else:
+        first_edge, last_edge = a.min(), a.max()
+        if not (np.isfinite(first_edge) and np.isfinite(last_edge)):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "autodetected range of [{}, {}] is not finite".format(first_edge, last_edge))
+
+    # expand empty range to avoid divide by zero
+    if first_edge == last_edge:
+        first_edge = first_edge - 0.5
+        last_edge = last_edge + 0.5
+
+    return first_edge, last_edge
+
+
+def _unsigned_subtract(a, b):
+    """
+    Subtract two values where a >= b, and produce an unsigned result
+
+    This is needed when finding the difference between the upper and lower
+    bound of an int16 histogram
+    """
+    # coerce to a single type
+    signed_to_unsigned = {
+        np.byte: np.ubyte,
+        np.short: np.ushort,
+        np.intc: np.uintc,
+        np.int_: np.uint,
+        np.longlong: np.ulonglong
+    }
+    dt = np.result_type(a, b)
+    try:
+        dt = signed_to_unsigned[dt.type]
+    except KeyError:
+        return np.subtract(a, b, dtype=dt)
+    else:
+        # we know the inputs are integers, and we are deliberately casting
+        # signed to unsigned
+        return np.subtract(a, b, casting='unsafe', dtype=dt)
+
+
+def _get_bin_edges(a, bins, range, weights):
+    """
+    Computes the bins used internally by `histogram`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ==========
+    a : ndarray
+        Ravelled data array
+    bins, range
+        Forwarded arguments from `histogram`.
+    weights : ndarray, optional
+        Ravelled weights array, or None
+
+    Returns
+    =======
+    bin_edges : ndarray
+        Array of bin edges
+    uniform_bins : (Number, Number, int):
+        The upper bound, lowerbound, and number of bins, used in the optimized
+        implementation of `histogram` that works on uniform bins.
+    """
+    # parse the overloaded bins argument
+    n_equal_bins = None
+    bin_edges = None
+
+    if isinstance(bins, str):
+        bin_name = bins
+        # if `bins` is a string for an automatic method,
+        # this will replace it with the number of bins calculated
+        if bin_name not in _hist_bin_selectors:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "{!r} is not a valid estimator for `bins`".format(bin_name))
+        if weights is not None:
+            raise TypeError("Automated estimation of the number of "
+                            "bins is not supported for weighted data")
+
+        first_edge, last_edge = _get_outer_edges(a, range)
+
+        # truncate the range if needed
+        if range is not None:
+            keep = (a >= first_edge)
+            keep &= (a <= last_edge)
+            if not np.logical_and.reduce(keep):
+                a = a[keep]
+
+        if a.size == 0:
+            n_equal_bins = 1
+        else:
+            # Do not call selectors on empty arrays
+            width = _hist_bin_selectors[bin_name](a, (first_edge, last_edge))
+            if width:
+                n_equal_bins = int(np.ceil(_unsigned_subtract(last_edge, first_edge) / width))
+            else:
+                # Width can be zero for some estimators, e.g. FD when
+                # the IQR of the data is zero.
+                n_equal_bins = 1
+
+    elif np.ndim(bins) == 0:
+        try:
+            n_equal_bins = operator.index(bins)
+        except TypeError as e:
+            raise TypeError(
+                '`bins` must be an integer, a string, or an array') from e
+        if n_equal_bins < 1:
+            raise ValueError('`bins` must be positive, when an integer')
+
+        first_edge, last_edge = _get_outer_edges(a, range)
+
+    elif np.ndim(bins) == 1:
+        bin_edges = np.asarray(bins)
+        if np.any(bin_edges[:-1] > bin_edges[1:]):
+            raise ValueError(
+                '`bins` must increase monotonically, when an array')
+
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('`bins` must be 1d, when an array')
+
+    if n_equal_bins is not None:
+        # gh-10322 means that type resolution rules are dependent on array
+        # shapes. To avoid this causing problems, we pick a type now and stick
+        # with it throughout.
+        bin_type = np.result_type(first_edge, last_edge, a)
+        if np.issubdtype(bin_type, np.integer):
+            bin_type = np.result_type(bin_type, float)
+
+        # bin edges must be computed
+        bin_edges = np.linspace(
+            first_edge, last_edge, n_equal_bins + 1,
+            endpoint=True, dtype=bin_type)
+        return bin_edges, (first_edge, last_edge, n_equal_bins)
+    else:
+        return bin_edges, None
+
+
+def _search_sorted_inclusive(a, v):
+    """
+    Like `searchsorted`, but where the last item in `v` is placed on the right.
+
+    In the context of a histogram, this makes the last bin edge inclusive
+    """
+    return np.concatenate((
+        a.searchsorted(v[:-1], 'left'),
+        a.searchsorted(v[-1:], 'right')
+    ))
+
+
+def _histogram_bin_edges_dispatcher(a, bins=None, range=None, weights=None):
+    return (a, bins, weights)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_histogram_bin_edges_dispatcher)
+def histogram_bin_edges(a, bins=10, range=None, weights=None):
+    r"""
+    Function to calculate only the edges of the bins used by the `histogram`
+    function.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input data. The histogram is computed over the flattened array.
+    bins : int or sequence of scalars or str, optional
+        If `bins` is an int, it defines the number of equal-width
+        bins in the given range (10, by default). If `bins` is a
+        sequence, it defines the bin edges, including the rightmost
+        edge, allowing for non-uniform bin widths.
+
+        If `bins` is a string from the list below, `histogram_bin_edges` will use
+        the method chosen to calculate the optimal bin width and
+        consequently the number of bins (see `Notes` for more detail on
+        the estimators) from the data that falls within the requested
+        range. While the bin width will be optimal for the actual data
+        in the range, the number of bins will be computed to fill the
+        entire range, including the empty portions. For visualisation,
+        using the 'auto' option is suggested. Weighted data is not
+        supported for automated bin size selection.
+
+        'auto'
+            Maximum of the 'sturges' and 'fd' estimators. Provides good
+            all around performance.
+
+        'fd' (Freedman Diaconis Estimator)
+            Robust (resilient to outliers) estimator that takes into
+            account data variability and data size.
+
+        'doane'
+            An improved version of Sturges' estimator that works better
+            with non-normal datasets.
+
+        'scott'
+            Less robust estimator that takes into account data variability
+            and data size.
+
+        'stone'
+            Estimator based on leave-one-out cross-validation estimate of
+            the integrated squared error. Can be regarded as a generalization
+            of Scott's rule.
+
+        'rice'
+            Estimator does not take variability into account, only data
+            size. Commonly overestimates number of bins required.
+
+        'sturges'
+            R's default method, only accounts for data size. Only
+            optimal for gaussian data and underestimates number of bins
+            for large non-gaussian datasets.
+
+        'sqrt'
+            Square root (of data size) estimator, used by Excel and
+            other programs for its speed and simplicity.
+
+    range : (float, float), optional
+        The lower and upper range of the bins.  If not provided, range
+        is simply ``(a.min(), a.max())``.  Values outside the range are
+        ignored. The first element of the range must be less than or
+        equal to the second. `range` affects the automatic bin
+        computation as well. While bin width is computed to be optimal
+        based on the actual data within `range`, the bin count will fill
+        the entire range including portions containing no data.
+
+    weights : array_like, optional
+        An array of weights, of the same shape as `a`.  Each value in
+        `a` only contributes its associated weight towards the bin count
+        (instead of 1). This is currently not used by any of the bin estimators,
+        but may be in the future.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    bin_edges : array of dtype float
+        The edges to pass into `histogram`
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    histogram
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The methods to estimate the optimal number of bins are well founded
+    in literature, and are inspired by the choices R provides for
+    histogram visualisation. Note that having the number of bins
+    proportional to :math:`n^{1/3}` is asymptotically optimal, which is
+    why it appears in most estimators. These are simply plug-in methods
+    that give good starting points for number of bins. In the equations
+    below, :math:`h` is the binwidth and :math:`n_h` is the number of
+    bins. All estimators that compute bin counts are recast to bin width
+    using the `ptp` of the data. The final bin count is obtained from
+    ``np.round(np.ceil(range / h))``. The final bin width is often less
+    than what is returned by the estimators below.
+
+    'auto' (maximum of the 'sturges' and 'fd' estimators)
+        A compromise to get a good value. For small datasets the Sturges
+        value will usually be chosen, while larger datasets will usually
+        default to FD.  Avoids the overly conservative behaviour of FD
+        and Sturges for small and large datasets respectively.
+        Switchover point is usually :math:`a.size \approx 1000`.
+
+    'fd' (Freedman Diaconis Estimator)
+        .. math:: h = 2 \frac{IQR}{n^{1/3}}
+
+        The binwidth is proportional to the interquartile range (IQR)
+        and inversely proportional to cube root of a.size. Can be too
+        conservative for small datasets, but is quite good for large
+        datasets. The IQR is very robust to outliers.
+
+    'scott'
+        .. math:: h = \sigma \sqrt[3]{\frac{24 \sqrt{\pi}}{n}}
+
+        The binwidth is proportional to the standard deviation of the
+        data and inversely proportional to cube root of ``x.size``. Can
+        be too conservative for small datasets, but is quite good for
+        large datasets. The standard deviation is not very robust to
+        outliers. Values are very similar to the Freedman-Diaconis
+        estimator in the absence of outliers.
+
+    'rice'
+        .. math:: n_h = 2n^{1/3}
+
+        The number of bins is only proportional to cube root of
+        ``a.size``. It tends to overestimate the number of bins and it
+        does not take into account data variability.
+
+    'sturges'
+        .. math:: n_h = \log _{2}(n) + 1
+
+        The number of bins is the base 2 log of ``a.size``.  This
+        estimator assumes normality of data and is too conservative for
+        larger, non-normal datasets. This is the default method in R's
+        ``hist`` method.
+
+    'doane'
+        .. math:: n_h = 1 + \log_{2}(n) +
+                        \log_{2}\left(1 + \frac{|g_1|}{\sigma_{g_1}}\right)
+
+            g_1 = mean\left[\left(\frac{x - \mu}{\sigma}\right)^3\right]
+
+            \sigma_{g_1} = \sqrt{\frac{6(n - 2)}{(n + 1)(n + 3)}}
+
+        An improved version of Sturges' formula that produces better
+        estimates for non-normal datasets. This estimator attempts to
+        account for the skew of the data.
+
+    'sqrt'
+        .. math:: n_h = \sqrt n
+
+        The simplest and fastest estimator. Only takes into account the
+        data size.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> arr = np.array([0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5])
+    >>> np.histogram_bin_edges(arr, bins='auto', range=(0, 1))
+    array([0.  , 0.25, 0.5 , 0.75, 1.  ])
+    >>> np.histogram_bin_edges(arr, bins=2)
+    array([0. , 2.5, 5. ])
+
+    For consistency with histogram, an array of pre-computed bins is
+    passed through unmodified:
+
+    >>> np.histogram_bin_edges(arr, [1, 2])
+    array([1, 2])
+
+    This function allows one set of bins to be computed, and reused across
+    multiple histograms:
+
+    >>> shared_bins = np.histogram_bin_edges(arr, bins='auto')
+    >>> shared_bins
+    array([0., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5.])
+
+    >>> group_id = np.array([0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1])
+    >>> hist_0, _ = np.histogram(arr[group_id == 0], bins=shared_bins)
+    >>> hist_1, _ = np.histogram(arr[group_id == 1], bins=shared_bins)
+
+    >>> hist_0; hist_1
+    array([1, 1, 0, 1, 0])
+    array([2, 0, 1, 1, 2])
+
+    Which gives more easily comparable results than using separate bins for
+    each histogram:
+
+    >>> hist_0, bins_0 = np.histogram(arr[group_id == 0], bins='auto')
+    >>> hist_1, bins_1 = np.histogram(arr[group_id == 1], bins='auto')
+    >>> hist_0; hist_1
+    array([1, 1, 1])
+    array([2, 1, 1, 2])
+    >>> bins_0; bins_1
+    array([0., 1., 2., 3.])
+    array([0.  , 1.25, 2.5 , 3.75, 5.  ])
+
+    """
+    a, weights = _ravel_and_check_weights(a, weights)
+    bin_edges, _ = _get_bin_edges(a, bins, range, weights)
+    return bin_edges
+
+
+def _histogram_dispatcher(
+        a, bins=None, range=None, density=None, weights=None):
+    return (a, bins, weights)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_histogram_dispatcher)
+def histogram(a, bins=10, range=None, density=None, weights=None):
+    r"""
+    Compute the histogram of a dataset.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input data. The histogram is computed over the flattened array.
+    bins : int or sequence of scalars or str, optional
+        If `bins` is an int, it defines the number of equal-width
+        bins in the given range (10, by default). If `bins` is a
+        sequence, it defines a monotonically increasing array of bin edges,
+        including the rightmost edge, allowing for non-uniform bin widths.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.11.0
+
+        If `bins` is a string, it defines the method used to calculate the
+        optimal bin width, as defined by `histogram_bin_edges`.
+
+    range : (float, float), optional
+        The lower and upper range of the bins.  If not provided, range
+        is simply ``(a.min(), a.max())``.  Values outside the range are
+        ignored. The first element of the range must be less than or
+        equal to the second. `range` affects the automatic bin
+        computation as well. While bin width is computed to be optimal
+        based on the actual data within `range`, the bin count will fill
+        the entire range including portions containing no data.
+    weights : array_like, optional
+        An array of weights, of the same shape as `a`.  Each value in
+        `a` only contributes its associated weight towards the bin count
+        (instead of 1). If `density` is True, the weights are
+        normalized, so that the integral of the density over the range
+        remains 1.
+    density : bool, optional
+        If ``False``, the result will contain the number of samples in
+        each bin. If ``True``, the result is the value of the
+        probability *density* function at the bin, normalized such that
+        the *integral* over the range is 1. Note that the sum of the
+        histogram values will not be equal to 1 unless bins of unity
+        width are chosen; it is not a probability *mass* function.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    hist : array
+        The values of the histogram. See `density` and `weights` for a
+        description of the possible semantics.
+    bin_edges : array of dtype float
+        Return the bin edges ``(length(hist)+1)``.
+
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    histogramdd, bincount, searchsorted, digitize, histogram_bin_edges
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    All but the last (righthand-most) bin is half-open.  In other words,
+    if `bins` is::
+
+      [1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+    then the first bin is ``[1, 2)`` (including 1, but excluding 2) and
+    the second ``[2, 3)``.  The last bin, however, is ``[3, 4]``, which
+    *includes* 4.
+
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.histogram([1, 2, 1], bins=[0, 1, 2, 3])
+    (array([0, 2, 1]), array([0, 1, 2, 3]))
+    >>> np.histogram(np.arange(4), bins=np.arange(5), density=True)
+    (array([0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25]), array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]))
+    >>> np.histogram([[1, 2, 1], [1, 0, 1]], bins=[0,1,2,3])
+    (array([1, 4, 1]), array([0, 1, 2, 3]))
+
+    >>> a = np.arange(5)
+    >>> hist, bin_edges = np.histogram(a, density=True)
+    >>> hist
+    array([0.5, 0. , 0.5, 0. , 0. , 0.5, 0. , 0.5, 0. , 0.5])
+    >>> hist.sum()
+    2.4999999999999996
+    >>> np.sum(hist * np.diff(bin_edges))
+    1.0
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.11.0
+
+    Automated Bin Selection Methods example, using 2 peak random data
+    with 2000 points:
+
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    >>> rng = np.random.RandomState(10)  # deterministic random data
+    >>> a = np.hstack((rng.normal(size=1000),
+    ...                rng.normal(loc=5, scale=2, size=1000)))
+    >>> _ = plt.hist(a, bins='auto')  # arguments are passed to np.histogram
+    >>> plt.title("Histogram with 'auto' bins")
+    Text(0.5, 1.0, "Histogram with 'auto' bins")
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    """
+    a, weights = _ravel_and_check_weights(a, weights)
+
+    bin_edges, uniform_bins = _get_bin_edges(a, bins, range, weights)
+
+    # Histogram is an integer or a float array depending on the weights.
+    if weights is None:
+        ntype = np.dtype(np.intp)
+    else:
+        ntype = weights.dtype
+
+    # We set a block size, as this allows us to iterate over chunks when
+    # computing histograms, to minimize memory usage.
+    BLOCK = 65536
+
+    # The fast path uses bincount, but that only works for certain types
+    # of weight
+    simple_weights = (
+        weights is None or
+        np.can_cast(weights.dtype, np.double) or
+        np.can_cast(weights.dtype, complex)
+    )
+
+    if uniform_bins is not None and simple_weights:
+        # Fast algorithm for equal bins
+        # We now convert values of a to bin indices, under the assumption of
+        # equal bin widths (which is valid here).
+        first_edge, last_edge, n_equal_bins = uniform_bins
+
+        # Initialize empty histogram
+        n = np.zeros(n_equal_bins, ntype)
+
+        # Pre-compute histogram scaling factor
+        norm_numerator = n_equal_bins
+        norm_denom = _unsigned_subtract(last_edge, first_edge)
+
+        # We iterate over blocks here for two reasons: the first is that for
+        # large arrays, it is actually faster (for example for a 10^8 array it
+        # is 2x as fast) and it results in a memory footprint 3x lower in the
+        # limit of large arrays.
+        for i in _range(0, len(a), BLOCK):
+            tmp_a = a[i:i+BLOCK]
+            if weights is None:
+                tmp_w = None
+            else:
+                tmp_w = weights[i:i + BLOCK]
+
+            # Only include values in the right range
+            keep = (tmp_a >= first_edge)
+            keep &= (tmp_a <= last_edge)
+            if not np.logical_and.reduce(keep):
+                tmp_a = tmp_a[keep]
+                if tmp_w is not None:
+                    tmp_w = tmp_w[keep]
+
+            # This cast ensures no type promotions occur below, which gh-10322
+            # make unpredictable. Getting it wrong leads to precision errors
+            # like gh-8123.
+            tmp_a = tmp_a.astype(bin_edges.dtype, copy=False)
+
+            # Compute the bin indices, and for values that lie exactly on
+            # last_edge we need to subtract one
+            f_indices = ((_unsigned_subtract(tmp_a, first_edge) / norm_denom)
+                         * norm_numerator)
+            indices = f_indices.astype(np.intp)
+            indices[indices == n_equal_bins] -= 1
+
+            # The index computation is not guaranteed to give exactly
+            # consistent results within ~1 ULP of the bin edges.
+            decrement = tmp_a < bin_edges[indices]
+            indices[decrement] -= 1
+            # The last bin includes the right edge. The other bins do not.
+            increment = ((tmp_a >= bin_edges[indices + 1])
+                         & (indices != n_equal_bins - 1))
+            indices[increment] += 1
+
+            # We now compute the histogram using bincount
+            if ntype.kind == 'c':
+                n.real += np.bincount(indices, weights=tmp_w.real,
+                                      minlength=n_equal_bins)
+                n.imag += np.bincount(indices, weights=tmp_w.imag,
+                                      minlength=n_equal_bins)
+            else:
+                n += np.bincount(indices, weights=tmp_w,
+                                 minlength=n_equal_bins).astype(ntype)
+    else:
+        # Compute via cumulative histogram
+        cum_n = np.zeros(bin_edges.shape, ntype)
+        if weights is None:
+            for i in _range(0, len(a), BLOCK):
+                sa = np.sort(a[i:i+BLOCK])
+                cum_n += _search_sorted_inclusive(sa, bin_edges)
+        else:
+            zero = np.zeros(1, dtype=ntype)
+            for i in _range(0, len(a), BLOCK):
+                tmp_a = a[i:i+BLOCK]
+                tmp_w = weights[i:i+BLOCK]
+                sorting_index = np.argsort(tmp_a)
+                sa = tmp_a[sorting_index]
+                sw = tmp_w[sorting_index]
+                cw = np.concatenate((zero, sw.cumsum()))
+                bin_index = _search_sorted_inclusive(sa, bin_edges)
+                cum_n += cw[bin_index]
+
+        n = np.diff(cum_n)
+
+    if density:
+        db = np.array(np.diff(bin_edges), float)
+        return n/db/n.sum(), bin_edges
+
+    return n, bin_edges
+
+
+def _histogramdd_dispatcher(sample, bins=None, range=None, density=None,
+                            weights=None):
+    if hasattr(sample, 'shape'):  # same condition as used in histogramdd
+        yield sample
+    else:
+        yield from sample
+    with contextlib.suppress(TypeError):
+        yield from bins
+    yield weights
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_histogramdd_dispatcher)
+def histogramdd(sample, bins=10, range=None, density=None, weights=None):
+    """
+    Compute the multidimensional histogram of some data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    sample : (N, D) array, or (N, D) array_like
+        The data to be histogrammed.
+
+        Note the unusual interpretation of sample when an array_like:
+
+        * When an array, each row is a coordinate in a D-dimensional space -
+          such as ``histogramdd(np.array([p1, p2, p3]))``.
+        * When an array_like, each element is the list of values for single
+          coordinate - such as ``histogramdd((X, Y, Z))``.
+
+        The first form should be preferred.
+
+    bins : sequence or int, optional
+        The bin specification:
+
+        * A sequence of arrays describing the monotonically increasing bin
+          edges along each dimension.
+        * The number of bins for each dimension (nx, ny, ... =bins)
+        * The number of bins for all dimensions (nx=ny=...=bins).
+
+    range : sequence, optional
+        A sequence of length D, each an optional (lower, upper) tuple giving
+        the outer bin edges to be used if the edges are not given explicitly in
+        `bins`.
+        An entry of None in the sequence results in the minimum and maximum
+        values being used for the corresponding dimension.
+        The default, None, is equivalent to passing a tuple of D None values.
+    density : bool, optional
+        If False, the default, returns the number of samples in each bin.
+        If True, returns the probability *density* function at the bin,
+        ``bin_count / sample_count / bin_volume``.
+    weights : (N,) array_like, optional
+        An array of values `w_i` weighing each sample `(x_i, y_i, z_i, ...)`.
+        Weights are normalized to 1 if density is True. If density is False,
+        the values of the returned histogram are equal to the sum of the
+        weights belonging to the samples falling into each bin.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    H : ndarray
+        The multidimensional histogram of sample x. See density and weights
+        for the different possible semantics.
+    edges : list
+        A list of D arrays describing the bin edges for each dimension.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    histogram: 1-D histogram
+    histogram2d: 2-D histogram
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> r = np.random.randn(100,3)
+    >>> H, edges = np.histogramdd(r, bins = (5, 8, 4))
+    >>> H.shape, edges[0].size, edges[1].size, edges[2].size
+    ((5, 8, 4), 6, 9, 5)
+
+    """
+
+    try:
+        # Sample is an ND-array.
+        N, D = sample.shape
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+        # Sample is a sequence of 1D arrays.
+        sample = np.atleast_2d(sample).T
+        N, D = sample.shape
+
+    nbin = np.empty(D, np.intp)
+    edges = D*[None]
+    dedges = D*[None]
+    if weights is not None:
+        weights = np.asarray(weights)
+
+    try:
+        M = len(bins)
+        if M != D:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'The dimension of bins must be equal to the dimension of the '
+                'sample x.')
+    except TypeError:
+        # bins is an integer
+        bins = D*[bins]
+
+    # normalize the range argument
+    if range is None:
+        range = (None,) * D
+    elif len(range) != D:
+        raise ValueError('range argument must have one entry per dimension')
+
+    # Create edge arrays
+    for i in _range(D):
+        if np.ndim(bins[i]) == 0:
+            if bins[i] < 1:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    '`bins[{}]` must be positive, when an integer'.format(i))
+            smin, smax = _get_outer_edges(sample[:,i], range[i])
+            try:
+                n = operator.index(bins[i])
+
+            except TypeError as e:
+                raise TypeError(
+                	"`bins[{}]` must be an integer, when a scalar".format(i)
+                ) from e
+
+            edges[i] = np.linspace(smin, smax, n + 1)
+        elif np.ndim(bins[i]) == 1:
+            edges[i] = np.asarray(bins[i])
+            if np.any(edges[i][:-1] > edges[i][1:]):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    '`bins[{}]` must be monotonically increasing, when an array'
+                    .format(i))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                '`bins[{}]` must be a scalar or 1d array'.format(i))
+
+        nbin[i] = len(edges[i]) + 1  # includes an outlier on each end
+        dedges[i] = np.diff(edges[i])
+
+    # Compute the bin number each sample falls into.
+    Ncount = tuple(
+        # avoid np.digitize to work around gh-11022
+        np.searchsorted(edges[i], sample[:, i], side='right')
+        for i in _range(D)
+    )
+
+    # Using digitize, values that fall on an edge are put in the right bin.
+    # For the rightmost bin, we want values equal to the right edge to be
+    # counted in the last bin, and not as an outlier.
+    for i in _range(D):
+        # Find which points are on the rightmost edge.
+        on_edge = (sample[:, i] == edges[i][-1])
+        # Shift these points one bin to the left.
+        Ncount[i][on_edge] -= 1
+
+    # Compute the sample indices in the flattened histogram matrix.
+    # This raises an error if the array is too large.
+    xy = np.ravel_multi_index(Ncount, nbin)
+
+    # Compute the number of repetitions in xy and assign it to the
+    # flattened histmat.
+    hist = np.bincount(xy, weights, minlength=nbin.prod())
+
+    # Shape into a proper matrix
+    hist = hist.reshape(nbin)
+
+    # This preserves the (bad) behavior observed in gh-7845, for now.
+    hist = hist.astype(float, casting='safe')
+
+    # Remove outliers (indices 0 and -1 for each dimension).
+    core = D*(slice(1, -1),)
+    hist = hist[core]
+
+    if density:
+        # calculate the probability density function
+        s = hist.sum()
+        for i in _range(D):
+            shape = np.ones(D, int)
+            shape[i] = nbin[i] - 2
+            hist = hist / dedges[i].reshape(shape)
+        hist /= s
+
+    if (hist.shape != nbin - 2).any():
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "Internal Shape Error")
+    return hist, edges
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/histograms.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/histograms.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce02718adcd5be7129dee85ffcd8d9c43ee8bc00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/histograms.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import (
+    Literal as L,
+    Any,
+    SupportsIndex,
+)
+
+from numpy._typing import (
+    NDArray,
+    ArrayLike,
+)
+
+_BinKind = L[
+    "stone",
+    "auto",
+    "doane",
+    "fd",
+    "rice",
+    "scott",
+    "sqrt",
+    "sturges",
+]
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+def histogram_bin_edges(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    bins: _BinKind | SupportsIndex | ArrayLike = ...,
+    range: None | tuple[float, float] = ...,
+    weights: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+def histogram(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    bins: _BinKind | SupportsIndex | ArrayLike = ...,
+    range: None | tuple[float, float] = ...,
+    density: bool = ...,
+    weights: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], NDArray[Any]]: ...
+
+def histogramdd(
+    sample: ArrayLike,
+    bins: SupportsIndex | ArrayLike = ...,
+    range: Sequence[tuple[float, float]] = ...,
+    density: None | bool = ...,
+    weights: None | ArrayLike = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[Any], list[NDArray[Any]]]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/index_tricks.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/index_tricks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6913d2b95b76521f9f9d532b2762400e1bd68f43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/index_tricks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1046 @@
+import functools
+import sys
+import math
+import warnings
+
+import numpy as np
+from .._utils import set_module
+import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
+from numpy.core.numeric import ScalarType, array
+from numpy.core.numerictypes import issubdtype
+
+import numpy.matrixlib as matrixlib
+from .function_base import diff
+from numpy.core.multiarray import ravel_multi_index, unravel_index
+from numpy.core import overrides, linspace
+from numpy.lib.stride_tricks import as_strided
+
+
+array_function_dispatch = functools.partial(
+    overrides.array_function_dispatch, module='numpy')
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'ravel_multi_index', 'unravel_index', 'mgrid', 'ogrid', 'r_', 'c_',
+    's_', 'index_exp', 'ix_', 'ndenumerate', 'ndindex', 'fill_diagonal',
+    'diag_indices', 'diag_indices_from'
+]
+
+
+def _ix__dispatcher(*args):
+    return args
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_ix__dispatcher)
+def ix_(*args):
+    """
+    Construct an open mesh from multiple sequences.
+
+    This function takes N 1-D sequences and returns N outputs with N
+    dimensions each, such that the shape is 1 in all but one dimension
+    and the dimension with the non-unit shape value cycles through all
+    N dimensions.
+
+    Using `ix_` one can quickly construct index arrays that will index
+    the cross product. ``a[np.ix_([1,3],[2,5])]`` returns the array
+    ``[[a[1,2] a[1,5]], [a[3,2] a[3,5]]]``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    args : 1-D sequences
+        Each sequence should be of integer or boolean type.
+        Boolean sequences will be interpreted as boolean masks for the
+        corresponding dimension (equivalent to passing in
+        ``np.nonzero(boolean_sequence)``).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : tuple of ndarrays
+        N arrays with N dimensions each, with N the number of input
+        sequences. Together these arrays form an open mesh.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    ogrid, mgrid, meshgrid
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.arange(10).reshape(2, 5)
+    >>> a
+    array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
+           [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]])
+    >>> ixgrid = np.ix_([0, 1], [2, 4])
+    >>> ixgrid
+    (array([[0],
+           [1]]), array([[2, 4]]))
+    >>> ixgrid[0].shape, ixgrid[1].shape
+    ((2, 1), (1, 2))
+    >>> a[ixgrid]
+    array([[2, 4],
+           [7, 9]])
+
+    >>> ixgrid = np.ix_([True, True], [2, 4])
+    >>> a[ixgrid]
+    array([[2, 4],
+           [7, 9]])
+    >>> ixgrid = np.ix_([True, True], [False, False, True, False, True])
+    >>> a[ixgrid]
+    array([[2, 4],
+           [7, 9]])
+
+    """
+    out = []
+    nd = len(args)
+    for k, new in enumerate(args):
+        if not isinstance(new, _nx.ndarray):
+            new = np.asarray(new)
+            if new.size == 0:
+                # Explicitly type empty arrays to avoid float default
+                new = new.astype(_nx.intp)
+        if new.ndim != 1:
+            raise ValueError("Cross index must be 1 dimensional")
+        if issubdtype(new.dtype, _nx.bool_):
+            new, = new.nonzero()
+        new = new.reshape((1,)*k + (new.size,) + (1,)*(nd-k-1))
+        out.append(new)
+    return tuple(out)
+
+
+class nd_grid:
+    """
+    Construct a multi-dimensional "meshgrid".
+
+    ``grid = nd_grid()`` creates an instance which will return a mesh-grid
+    when indexed.  The dimension and number of the output arrays are equal
+    to the number of indexing dimensions.  If the step length is not a
+    complex number, then the stop is not inclusive.
+
+    However, if the step length is a **complex number** (e.g. 5j), then the
+    integer part of its magnitude is interpreted as specifying the
+    number of points to create between the start and stop values, where
+    the stop value **is inclusive**.
+
+    If instantiated with an argument of ``sparse=True``, the mesh-grid is
+    open (or not fleshed out) so that only one-dimension of each returned
+    argument is greater than 1.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    sparse : bool, optional
+        Whether the grid is sparse or not. Default is False.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Two instances of `nd_grid` are made available in the NumPy namespace,
+    `mgrid` and `ogrid`, approximately defined as::
+
+        mgrid = nd_grid(sparse=False)
+        ogrid = nd_grid(sparse=True)
+
+    Users should use these pre-defined instances instead of using `nd_grid`
+    directly.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sparse=False):
+        self.sparse = sparse
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        try:
+            size = []
+            # Mimic the behavior of `np.arange` and use a data type
+            # which is at least as large as `np.int_`
+            num_list = [0]
+            for k in range(len(key)):
+                step = key[k].step
+                start = key[k].start
+                stop = key[k].stop
+                if start is None:
+                    start = 0
+                if step is None:
+                    step = 1
+                if isinstance(step, (_nx.complexfloating, complex)):
+                    step = abs(step)
+                    size.append(int(step))
+                else:
+                    size.append(
+                        int(math.ceil((stop - start) / (step*1.0))))
+                num_list += [start, stop, step]
+            typ = _nx.result_type(*num_list)
+            if self.sparse:
+                nn = [_nx.arange(_x, dtype=_t)
+                      for _x, _t in zip(size, (typ,)*len(size))]
+            else:
+                nn = _nx.indices(size, typ)
+            for k, kk in enumerate(key):
+                step = kk.step
+                start = kk.start
+                if start is None:
+                    start = 0
+                if step is None:
+                    step = 1
+                if isinstance(step, (_nx.complexfloating, complex)):
+                    step = int(abs(step))
+                    if step != 1:
+                        step = (kk.stop - start) / float(step - 1)
+                nn[k] = (nn[k]*step+start)
+            if self.sparse:
+                slobj = [_nx.newaxis]*len(size)
+                for k in range(len(size)):
+                    slobj[k] = slice(None, None)
+                    nn[k] = nn[k][tuple(slobj)]
+                    slobj[k] = _nx.newaxis
+            return nn
+        except (IndexError, TypeError):
+            step = key.step
+            stop = key.stop
+            start = key.start
+            if start is None:
+                start = 0
+            if isinstance(step, (_nx.complexfloating, complex)):
+                # Prevent the (potential) creation of integer arrays
+                step_float = abs(step)
+                step = length = int(step_float)
+                if step != 1:
+                    step = (key.stop-start)/float(step-1)
+                typ = _nx.result_type(start, stop, step_float)
+                return _nx.arange(0, length, 1, dtype=typ)*step + start
+            else:
+                return _nx.arange(start, stop, step)
+
+
+class MGridClass(nd_grid):
+    """
+    An instance which returns a dense multi-dimensional "meshgrid".
+
+    An instance which returns a dense (or fleshed out) mesh-grid
+    when indexed, so that each returned argument has the same shape.
+    The dimensions and number of the output arrays are equal to the
+    number of indexing dimensions.  If the step length is not a complex
+    number, then the stop is not inclusive.
+
+    However, if the step length is a **complex number** (e.g. 5j), then
+    the integer part of its magnitude is interpreted as specifying the
+    number of points to create between the start and stop values, where
+    the stop value **is inclusive**.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    mesh-grid `ndarrays` all of the same dimensions
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    ogrid : like `mgrid` but returns open (not fleshed out) mesh grids
+    meshgrid: return coordinate matrices from coordinate vectors
+    r_ : array concatenator
+    :ref:`how-to-partition`
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.mgrid[0:5, 0:5]
+    array([[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+            [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
+            [2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
+            [3, 3, 3, 3, 3],
+            [4, 4, 4, 4, 4]],
+           [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
+            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
+            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
+            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
+            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]]])
+    >>> np.mgrid[-1:1:5j]
+    array([-1. , -0.5,  0. ,  0.5,  1. ])
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(sparse=False)
+
+
+mgrid = MGridClass()
+
+
+class OGridClass(nd_grid):
+    """
+    An instance which returns an open multi-dimensional "meshgrid".
+
+    An instance which returns an open (i.e. not fleshed out) mesh-grid
+    when indexed, so that only one dimension of each returned array is
+    greater than 1.  The dimension and number of the output arrays are
+    equal to the number of indexing dimensions.  If the step length is
+    not a complex number, then the stop is not inclusive.
+
+    However, if the step length is a **complex number** (e.g. 5j), then
+    the integer part of its magnitude is interpreted as specifying the
+    number of points to create between the start and stop values, where
+    the stop value **is inclusive**.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    mesh-grid
+        `ndarrays` with only one dimension not equal to 1
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mgrid : like `ogrid` but returns dense (or fleshed out) mesh grids
+    meshgrid: return coordinate matrices from coordinate vectors
+    r_ : array concatenator
+    :ref:`how-to-partition`
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy import ogrid
+    >>> ogrid[-1:1:5j]
+    array([-1. , -0.5,  0. ,  0.5,  1. ])
+    >>> ogrid[0:5,0:5]
+    [array([[0],
+            [1],
+            [2],
+            [3],
+            [4]]), array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]])]
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(sparse=True)
+
+
+ogrid = OGridClass()
+
+
+class AxisConcatenator:
+    """
+    Translates slice objects to concatenation along an axis.
+
+    For detailed documentation on usage, see `r_`.
+    """
+    # allow ma.mr_ to override this
+    concatenate = staticmethod(_nx.concatenate)
+    makemat = staticmethod(matrixlib.matrix)
+
+    def __init__(self, axis=0, matrix=False, ndmin=1, trans1d=-1):
+        self.axis = axis
+        self.matrix = matrix
+        self.trans1d = trans1d
+        self.ndmin = ndmin
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        # handle matrix builder syntax
+        if isinstance(key, str):
+            frame = sys._getframe().f_back
+            mymat = matrixlib.bmat(key, frame.f_globals, frame.f_locals)
+            return mymat
+
+        if not isinstance(key, tuple):
+            key = (key,)
+
+        # copy attributes, since they can be overridden in the first argument
+        trans1d = self.trans1d
+        ndmin = self.ndmin
+        matrix = self.matrix
+        axis = self.axis
+
+        objs = []
+        # dtypes or scalars for weak scalar handling in result_type
+        result_type_objs = []
+
+        for k, item in enumerate(key):
+            scalar = False
+            if isinstance(item, slice):
+                step = item.step
+                start = item.start
+                stop = item.stop
+                if start is None:
+                    start = 0
+                if step is None:
+                    step = 1
+                if isinstance(step, (_nx.complexfloating, complex)):
+                    size = int(abs(step))
+                    newobj = linspace(start, stop, num=size)
+                else:
+                    newobj = _nx.arange(start, stop, step)
+                if ndmin > 1:
+                    newobj = array(newobj, copy=False, ndmin=ndmin)
+                    if trans1d != -1:
+                        newobj = newobj.swapaxes(-1, trans1d)
+            elif isinstance(item, str):
+                if k != 0:
+                    raise ValueError("special directives must be the "
+                                     "first entry.")
+                if item in ('r', 'c'):
+                    matrix = True
+                    col = (item == 'c')
+                    continue
+                if ',' in item:
+                    vec = item.split(',')
+                    try:
+                        axis, ndmin = [int(x) for x in vec[:2]]
+                        if len(vec) == 3:
+                            trans1d = int(vec[2])
+                        continue
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "unknown special directive {!r}".format(item)
+                        ) from e
+                try:
+                    axis = int(item)
+                    continue
+                except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
+                    raise ValueError("unknown special directive") from e
+            elif type(item) in ScalarType:
+                scalar = True
+                newobj = item
+            else:
+                item_ndim = np.ndim(item)
+                newobj = array(item, copy=False, subok=True, ndmin=ndmin)
+                if trans1d != -1 and item_ndim < ndmin:
+                    k2 = ndmin - item_ndim
+                    k1 = trans1d
+                    if k1 < 0:
+                        k1 += k2 + 1
+                    defaxes = list(range(ndmin))
+                    axes = defaxes[:k1] + defaxes[k2:] + defaxes[k1:k2]
+                    newobj = newobj.transpose(axes)
+
+            objs.append(newobj)
+            if scalar:
+                result_type_objs.append(item)
+            else:
+                result_type_objs.append(newobj.dtype)
+
+        # Ensure that scalars won't up-cast unless warranted, for 0, drops
+        # through to error in concatenate.
+        if len(result_type_objs) != 0:
+            final_dtype = _nx.result_type(*result_type_objs)
+            # concatenate could do cast, but that can be overriden:
+            objs = [array(obj, copy=False, subok=True,
+                          ndmin=ndmin, dtype=final_dtype) for obj in objs]
+
+        res = self.concatenate(tuple(objs), axis=axis)
+
+        if matrix:
+            oldndim = res.ndim
+            res = self.makemat(res)
+            if oldndim == 1 and col:
+                res = res.T
+        return res
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return 0
+
+# separate classes are used here instead of just making r_ = concatentor(0),
+# etc. because otherwise we couldn't get the doc string to come out right
+# in help(r_)
+
+
+class RClass(AxisConcatenator):
+    """
+    Translates slice objects to concatenation along the first axis.
+
+    This is a simple way to build up arrays quickly. There are two use cases.
+
+    1. If the index expression contains comma separated arrays, then stack
+       them along their first axis.
+    2. If the index expression contains slice notation or scalars then create
+       a 1-D array with a range indicated by the slice notation.
+
+    If slice notation is used, the syntax ``start:stop:step`` is equivalent
+    to ``np.arange(start, stop, step)`` inside of the brackets. However, if
+    ``step`` is an imaginary number (i.e. 100j) then its integer portion is
+    interpreted as a number-of-points desired and the start and stop are
+    inclusive. In other words ``start:stop:stepj`` is interpreted as
+    ``np.linspace(start, stop, step, endpoint=1)`` inside of the brackets.
+    After expansion of slice notation, all comma separated sequences are
+    concatenated together.
+
+    Optional character strings placed as the first element of the index
+    expression can be used to change the output. The strings 'r' or 'c' result
+    in matrix output. If the result is 1-D and 'r' is specified a 1 x N (row)
+    matrix is produced. If the result is 1-D and 'c' is specified, then a N x 1
+    (column) matrix is produced. If the result is 2-D then both provide the
+    same matrix result.
+
+    A string integer specifies which axis to stack multiple comma separated
+    arrays along. A string of two comma-separated integers allows indication
+    of the minimum number of dimensions to force each entry into as the
+    second integer (the axis to concatenate along is still the first integer).
+
+    A string with three comma-separated integers allows specification of the
+    axis to concatenate along, the minimum number of dimensions to force the
+    entries to, and which axis should contain the start of the arrays which
+    are less than the specified number of dimensions. In other words the third
+    integer allows you to specify where the 1's should be placed in the shape
+    of the arrays that have their shapes upgraded. By default, they are placed
+    in the front of the shape tuple. The third argument allows you to specify
+    where the start of the array should be instead. Thus, a third argument of
+    '0' would place the 1's at the end of the array shape. Negative integers
+    specify where in the new shape tuple the last dimension of upgraded arrays
+    should be placed, so the default is '-1'.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    Not a function, so takes no parameters
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A concatenated ndarray or matrix.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    concatenate : Join a sequence of arrays along an existing axis.
+    c_ : Translates slice objects to concatenation along the second axis.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.r_[np.array([1,2,3]), 0, 0, np.array([4,5,6])]
+    array([1, 2, 3, ..., 4, 5, 6])
+    >>> np.r_[-1:1:6j, [0]*3, 5, 6]
+    array([-1. , -0.6, -0.2,  0.2,  0.6,  1. ,  0. ,  0. ,  0. ,  5. ,  6. ])
+
+    String integers specify the axis to concatenate along or the minimum
+    number of dimensions to force entries into.
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]])
+    >>> np.r_['-1', a, a] # concatenate along last axis
+    array([[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2],
+           [3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5]])
+    >>> np.r_['0,2', [1,2,3], [4,5,6]] # concatenate along first axis, dim>=2
+    array([[1, 2, 3],
+           [4, 5, 6]])
+
+    >>> np.r_['0,2,0', [1,2,3], [4,5,6]]
+    array([[1],
+           [2],
+           [3],
+           [4],
+           [5],
+           [6]])
+    >>> np.r_['1,2,0', [1,2,3], [4,5,6]]
+    array([[1, 4],
+           [2, 5],
+           [3, 6]])
+
+    Using 'r' or 'c' as a first string argument creates a matrix.
+
+    >>> np.r_['r',[1,2,3], [4,5,6]]
+    matrix([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]])
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        AxisConcatenator.__init__(self, 0)
+
+
+r_ = RClass()
+
+
+class CClass(AxisConcatenator):
+    """
+    Translates slice objects to concatenation along the second axis.
+
+    This is short-hand for ``np.r_['-1,2,0', index expression]``, which is
+    useful because of its common occurrence. In particular, arrays will be
+    stacked along their last axis after being upgraded to at least 2-D with
+    1's post-pended to the shape (column vectors made out of 1-D arrays).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    column_stack : Stack 1-D arrays as columns into a 2-D array.
+    r_ : For more detailed documentation.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.c_[np.array([1,2,3]), np.array([4,5,6])]
+    array([[1, 4],
+           [2, 5],
+           [3, 6]])
+    >>> np.c_[np.array([[1,2,3]]), 0, 0, np.array([[4,5,6]])]
+    array([[1, 2, 3, ..., 4, 5, 6]])
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        AxisConcatenator.__init__(self, -1, ndmin=2, trans1d=0)
+
+
+c_ = CClass()
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+class ndenumerate:
+    """
+    Multidimensional index iterator.
+
+    Return an iterator yielding pairs of array coordinates and values.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : ndarray
+      Input array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    ndindex, flatiter
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+    >>> for index, x in np.ndenumerate(a):
+    ...     print(index, x)
+    (0, 0) 1
+    (0, 1) 2
+    (1, 0) 3
+    (1, 1) 4
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, arr):
+        self.iter = np.asarray(arr).flat
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        """
+        Standard iterator method, returns the index tuple and array value.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        coords : tuple of ints
+            The indices of the current iteration.
+        val : scalar
+            The array element of the current iteration.
+
+        """
+        return self.iter.coords, next(self.iter)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+class ndindex:
+    """
+    An N-dimensional iterator object to index arrays.
+
+    Given the shape of an array, an `ndindex` instance iterates over
+    the N-dimensional index of the array. At each iteration a tuple
+    of indices is returned, the last dimension is iterated over first.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    shape : ints, or a single tuple of ints
+        The size of each dimension of the array can be passed as
+        individual parameters or as the elements of a tuple.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    ndenumerate, flatiter
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Dimensions as individual arguments
+
+    >>> for index in np.ndindex(3, 2, 1):
+    ...     print(index)
+    (0, 0, 0)
+    (0, 1, 0)
+    (1, 0, 0)
+    (1, 1, 0)
+    (2, 0, 0)
+    (2, 1, 0)
+
+    Same dimensions - but in a tuple ``(3, 2, 1)``
+
+    >>> for index in np.ndindex((3, 2, 1)):
+    ...     print(index)
+    (0, 0, 0)
+    (0, 1, 0)
+    (1, 0, 0)
+    (1, 1, 0)
+    (2, 0, 0)
+    (2, 1, 0)
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *shape):
+        if len(shape) == 1 and isinstance(shape[0], tuple):
+            shape = shape[0]
+        x = as_strided(_nx.zeros(1), shape=shape,
+                       strides=_nx.zeros_like(shape))
+        self._it = _nx.nditer(x, flags=['multi_index', 'zerosize_ok'],
+                              order='C')
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def ndincr(self):
+        """
+        Increment the multi-dimensional index by one.
+
+        This method is for backward compatibility only: do not use.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.20.0
+            This method has been advised against since numpy 1.8.0, but only
+            started emitting DeprecationWarning as of this version.
+        """
+        # NumPy 1.20.0, 2020-09-08
+        warnings.warn(
+            "`ndindex.ndincr()` is deprecated, use `next(ndindex)` instead",
+            DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        next(self)
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        """
+        Standard iterator method, updates the index and returns the index
+        tuple.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        val : tuple of ints
+            Returns a tuple containing the indices of the current
+            iteration.
+
+        """
+        next(self._it)
+        return self._it.multi_index
+
+
+# You can do all this with slice() plus a few special objects,
+# but there's a lot to remember. This version is simpler because
+# it uses the standard array indexing syntax.
+#
+# Written by Konrad Hinsen 
+# last revision: 1999-7-23
+#
+# Cosmetic changes by T. Oliphant 2001
+#
+#
+
+class IndexExpression:
+    """
+    A nicer way to build up index tuples for arrays.
+
+    .. note::
+       Use one of the two predefined instances `index_exp` or `s_`
+       rather than directly using `IndexExpression`.
+
+    For any index combination, including slicing and axis insertion,
+    ``a[indices]`` is the same as ``a[np.index_exp[indices]]`` for any
+    array `a`. However, ``np.index_exp[indices]`` can be used anywhere
+    in Python code and returns a tuple of slice objects that can be
+    used in the construction of complex index expressions.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    maketuple : bool
+        If True, always returns a tuple.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    index_exp : Predefined instance that always returns a tuple:
+       `index_exp = IndexExpression(maketuple=True)`.
+    s_ : Predefined instance without tuple conversion:
+       `s_ = IndexExpression(maketuple=False)`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    You can do all this with `slice()` plus a few special objects,
+    but there's a lot to remember and this version is simpler because
+    it uses the standard array indexing syntax.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.s_[2::2]
+    slice(2, None, 2)
+    >>> np.index_exp[2::2]
+    (slice(2, None, 2),)
+
+    >>> np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])[np.s_[2::2]]
+    array([2, 4])
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, maketuple):
+        self.maketuple = maketuple
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item):
+        if self.maketuple and not isinstance(item, tuple):
+            return (item,)
+        else:
+            return item
+
+
+index_exp = IndexExpression(maketuple=True)
+s_ = IndexExpression(maketuple=False)
+
+# End contribution from Konrad.
+
+
+# The following functions complement those in twodim_base, but are
+# applicable to N-dimensions.
+
+
+def _fill_diagonal_dispatcher(a, val, wrap=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_fill_diagonal_dispatcher)
+def fill_diagonal(a, val, wrap=False):
+    """Fill the main diagonal of the given array of any dimensionality.
+
+    For an array `a` with ``a.ndim >= 2``, the diagonal is the list of
+    locations with indices ``a[i, ..., i]`` all identical. This function
+    modifies the input array in-place, it does not return a value.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array, at least 2-D.
+      Array whose diagonal is to be filled, it gets modified in-place.
+
+    val : scalar or array_like
+      Value(s) to write on the diagonal. If `val` is scalar, the value is
+      written along the diagonal. If array-like, the flattened `val` is
+      written along the diagonal, repeating if necessary to fill all
+      diagonal entries.
+
+    wrap : bool
+      For tall matrices in NumPy version up to 1.6.2, the
+      diagonal "wrapped" after N columns. You can have this behavior
+      with this option. This affects only tall matrices.
+
+    See also
+    --------
+    diag_indices, diag_indices_from
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    This functionality can be obtained via `diag_indices`, but internally
+    this version uses a much faster implementation that never constructs the
+    indices and uses simple slicing.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.zeros((3, 3), int)
+    >>> np.fill_diagonal(a, 5)
+    >>> a
+    array([[5, 0, 0],
+           [0, 5, 0],
+           [0, 0, 5]])
+
+    The same function can operate on a 4-D array:
+
+    >>> a = np.zeros((3, 3, 3, 3), int)
+    >>> np.fill_diagonal(a, 4)
+
+    We only show a few blocks for clarity:
+
+    >>> a[0, 0]
+    array([[4, 0, 0],
+           [0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 0, 0]])
+    >>> a[1, 1]
+    array([[0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 4, 0],
+           [0, 0, 0]])
+    >>> a[2, 2]
+    array([[0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 0, 4]])
+
+    The wrap option affects only tall matrices:
+
+    >>> # tall matrices no wrap
+    >>> a = np.zeros((5, 3), int)
+    >>> np.fill_diagonal(a, 4)
+    >>> a
+    array([[4, 0, 0],
+           [0, 4, 0],
+           [0, 0, 4],
+           [0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 0, 0]])
+
+    >>> # tall matrices wrap
+    >>> a = np.zeros((5, 3), int)
+    >>> np.fill_diagonal(a, 4, wrap=True)
+    >>> a
+    array([[4, 0, 0],
+           [0, 4, 0],
+           [0, 0, 4],
+           [0, 0, 0],
+           [4, 0, 0]])
+
+    >>> # wide matrices
+    >>> a = np.zeros((3, 5), int)
+    >>> np.fill_diagonal(a, 4, wrap=True)
+    >>> a
+    array([[4, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 4, 0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 0, 4, 0, 0]])
+
+    The anti-diagonal can be filled by reversing the order of elements
+    using either `numpy.flipud` or `numpy.fliplr`.
+
+    >>> a = np.zeros((3, 3), int);
+    >>> np.fill_diagonal(np.fliplr(a), [1,2,3])  # Horizontal flip
+    >>> a
+    array([[0, 0, 1],
+           [0, 2, 0],
+           [3, 0, 0]])
+    >>> np.fill_diagonal(np.flipud(a), [1,2,3])  # Vertical flip
+    >>> a
+    array([[0, 0, 3],
+           [0, 2, 0],
+           [1, 0, 0]])
+
+    Note that the order in which the diagonal is filled varies depending
+    on the flip function.
+    """
+    if a.ndim < 2:
+        raise ValueError("array must be at least 2-d")
+    end = None
+    if a.ndim == 2:
+        # Explicit, fast formula for the common case.  For 2-d arrays, we
+        # accept rectangular ones.
+        step = a.shape[1] + 1
+        # This is needed to don't have tall matrix have the diagonal wrap.
+        if not wrap:
+            end = a.shape[1] * a.shape[1]
+    else:
+        # For more than d=2, the strided formula is only valid for arrays with
+        # all dimensions equal, so we check first.
+        if not np.all(diff(a.shape) == 0):
+            raise ValueError("All dimensions of input must be of equal length")
+        step = 1 + (np.cumprod(a.shape[:-1])).sum()
+
+    # Write the value out into the diagonal.
+    a.flat[:end:step] = val
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def diag_indices(n, ndim=2):
+    """
+    Return the indices to access the main diagonal of an array.
+
+    This returns a tuple of indices that can be used to access the main
+    diagonal of an array `a` with ``a.ndim >= 2`` dimensions and shape
+    (n, n, ..., n). For ``a.ndim = 2`` this is the usual diagonal, for
+    ``a.ndim > 2`` this is the set of indices to access ``a[i, i, ..., i]``
+    for ``i = [0..n-1]``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    n : int
+      The size, along each dimension, of the arrays for which the returned
+      indices can be used.
+
+    ndim : int, optional
+      The number of dimensions.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    diag_indices_from
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Create a set of indices to access the diagonal of a (4, 4) array:
+
+    >>> di = np.diag_indices(4)
+    >>> di
+    (array([0, 1, 2, 3]), array([0, 1, 2, 3]))
+    >>> a = np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
+    >>> a
+    array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+           [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+           [ 8,  9, 10, 11],
+           [12, 13, 14, 15]])
+    >>> a[di] = 100
+    >>> a
+    array([[100,   1,   2,   3],
+           [  4, 100,   6,   7],
+           [  8,   9, 100,  11],
+           [ 12,  13,  14, 100]])
+
+    Now, we create indices to manipulate a 3-D array:
+
+    >>> d3 = np.diag_indices(2, 3)
+    >>> d3
+    (array([0, 1]), array([0, 1]), array([0, 1]))
+
+    And use it to set the diagonal of an array of zeros to 1:
+
+    >>> a = np.zeros((2, 2, 2), dtype=int)
+    >>> a[d3] = 1
+    >>> a
+    array([[[1, 0],
+            [0, 0]],
+           [[0, 0],
+            [0, 1]]])
+
+    """
+    idx = np.arange(n)
+    return (idx,) * ndim
+
+
+def _diag_indices_from(arr):
+    return (arr,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_diag_indices_from)
+def diag_indices_from(arr):
+    """
+    Return the indices to access the main diagonal of an n-dimensional array.
+
+    See `diag_indices` for full details.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : array, at least 2-D
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    diag_indices
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    
+    Create a 4 by 4 array.
+
+    >>> a = np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
+    >>> a
+    array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+           [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+           [ 8,  9, 10, 11],
+           [12, 13, 14, 15]])
+    
+    Get the indices of the diagonal elements.
+
+    >>> di = np.diag_indices_from(a)
+    >>> di
+    (array([0, 1, 2, 3]), array([0, 1, 2, 3]))
+
+    >>> a[di]
+    array([ 0,  5, 10, 15])
+
+    This is simply syntactic sugar for diag_indices.
+
+    >>> np.diag_indices(a.shape[0])
+    (array([0, 1, 2, 3]), array([0, 1, 2, 3]))
+
+    """
+
+    if not arr.ndim >= 2:
+        raise ValueError("input array must be at least 2-d")
+    # For more than d=2, the strided formula is only valid for arrays with
+    # all dimensions equal, so we check first.
+    if not np.all(diff(arr.shape) == 0):
+        raise ValueError("All dimensions of input must be of equal length")
+
+    return diag_indices(arr.shape[0], arr.ndim)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/index_tricks.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/index_tricks.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29a6b9e2b9f95c260b5123cef75c9a1d0b34833b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/index_tricks.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    TypeVar,
+    Generic,
+    overload,
+    Literal,
+    SupportsIndex,
+)
+
+from numpy import (
+    # Circumvent a naming conflict with `AxisConcatenator.matrix`
+    matrix as _Matrix,
+    ndenumerate as ndenumerate,
+    ndindex as ndindex,
+    ndarray,
+    dtype,
+    integer,
+    str_,
+    bytes_,
+    bool_,
+    int_,
+    float_,
+    complex_,
+    intp,
+    _OrderCF,
+    _ModeKind,
+)
+from numpy._typing import (
+    # Arrays
+    ArrayLike,
+    _NestedSequence,
+    _FiniteNestedSequence,
+    NDArray,
+    _ArrayLikeInt,
+
+    # DTypes
+    DTypeLike,
+    _SupportsDType,
+
+    # Shapes
+    _ShapeLike,
+)
+
+from numpy.core.multiarray import (
+    unravel_index as unravel_index,
+    ravel_multi_index as ravel_multi_index,
+)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_DType = TypeVar("_DType", bound=dtype[Any])
+_BoolType = TypeVar("_BoolType", Literal[True], Literal[False])
+_TupType = TypeVar("_TupType", bound=tuple[Any, ...])
+_ArrayType = TypeVar("_ArrayType", bound=ndarray[Any, Any])
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+@overload
+def ix_(*args: _FiniteNestedSequence[_SupportsDType[_DType]]) -> tuple[ndarray[Any, _DType], ...]: ...
+@overload
+def ix_(*args: str | _NestedSequence[str]) -> tuple[NDArray[str_], ...]: ...
+@overload
+def ix_(*args: bytes | _NestedSequence[bytes]) -> tuple[NDArray[bytes_], ...]: ...
+@overload
+def ix_(*args: bool | _NestedSequence[bool]) -> tuple[NDArray[bool_], ...]: ...
+@overload
+def ix_(*args: int | _NestedSequence[int]) -> tuple[NDArray[int_], ...]: ...
+@overload
+def ix_(*args: float | _NestedSequence[float]) -> tuple[NDArray[float_], ...]: ...
+@overload
+def ix_(*args: complex | _NestedSequence[complex]) -> tuple[NDArray[complex_], ...]: ...
+
+class nd_grid(Generic[_BoolType]):
+    sparse: _BoolType
+    def __init__(self, sparse: _BoolType = ...) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(
+        self: nd_grid[Literal[False]],
+        key: slice | Sequence[slice],
+    ) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(
+        self: nd_grid[Literal[True]],
+        key: slice | Sequence[slice],
+    ) -> list[NDArray[Any]]: ...
+
+class MGridClass(nd_grid[Literal[False]]):
+    def __init__(self) -> None: ...
+
+mgrid: MGridClass
+
+class OGridClass(nd_grid[Literal[True]]):
+    def __init__(self) -> None: ...
+
+ogrid: OGridClass
+
+class AxisConcatenator:
+    axis: int
+    matrix: bool
+    ndmin: int
+    trans1d: int
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        axis: int = ...,
+        matrix: bool = ...,
+        ndmin: int = ...,
+        trans1d: int = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    @overload
+    def concatenate(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        *a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex = ..., out: None = ...
+    ) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    @overload
+    def concatenate(
+        *a: ArrayLike, axis: SupportsIndex = ..., out: _ArrayType = ...
+    ) -> _ArrayType: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def makemat(
+        data: ArrayLike, dtype: DTypeLike = ..., copy: bool = ...
+    ) -> _Matrix[Any, Any]: ...
+
+    # TODO: Sort out this `__getitem__` method
+    def __getitem__(self, key: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+class RClass(AxisConcatenator):
+    axis: Literal[0]
+    matrix: Literal[False]
+    ndmin: Literal[1]
+    trans1d: Literal[-1]
+    def __init__(self) -> None: ...
+
+r_: RClass
+
+class CClass(AxisConcatenator):
+    axis: Literal[-1]
+    matrix: Literal[False]
+    ndmin: Literal[2]
+    trans1d: Literal[0]
+    def __init__(self) -> None: ...
+
+c_: CClass
+
+class IndexExpression(Generic[_BoolType]):
+    maketuple: _BoolType
+    def __init__(self, maketuple: _BoolType) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, item: _TupType) -> _TupType: ...  # type: ignore[misc]
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self: IndexExpression[Literal[True]], item: _T) -> tuple[_T]: ...
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self: IndexExpression[Literal[False]], item: _T) -> _T: ...
+
+index_exp: IndexExpression[Literal[True]]
+s_: IndexExpression[Literal[False]]
+
+def fill_diagonal(a: ndarray[Any, Any], val: Any, wrap: bool = ...) -> None: ...
+def diag_indices(n: int, ndim: int = ...) -> tuple[NDArray[int_], ...]: ...
+def diag_indices_from(arr: ArrayLike) -> tuple[NDArray[int_], ...]: ...
+
+# NOTE: see `numpy/__init__.pyi` for `ndenumerate` and `ndindex`
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/mixins.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/mixins.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..117cc785187be45e8597af48d26f723eb0024d23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/mixins.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+"""Mixin classes for custom array types that don't inherit from ndarray."""
+from numpy.core import umath as um
+
+
+__all__ = ['NDArrayOperatorsMixin']
+
+
+def _disables_array_ufunc(obj):
+    """True when __array_ufunc__ is set to None."""
+    try:
+        return obj.__array_ufunc__ is None
+    except AttributeError:
+        return False
+
+
+def _binary_method(ufunc, name):
+    """Implement a forward binary method with a ufunc, e.g., __add__."""
+    def func(self, other):
+        if _disables_array_ufunc(other):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return ufunc(self, other)
+    func.__name__ = '__{}__'.format(name)
+    return func
+
+
+def _reflected_binary_method(ufunc, name):
+    """Implement a reflected binary method with a ufunc, e.g., __radd__."""
+    def func(self, other):
+        if _disables_array_ufunc(other):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return ufunc(other, self)
+    func.__name__ = '__r{}__'.format(name)
+    return func
+
+
+def _inplace_binary_method(ufunc, name):
+    """Implement an in-place binary method with a ufunc, e.g., __iadd__."""
+    def func(self, other):
+        return ufunc(self, other, out=(self,))
+    func.__name__ = '__i{}__'.format(name)
+    return func
+
+
+def _numeric_methods(ufunc, name):
+    """Implement forward, reflected and inplace binary methods with a ufunc."""
+    return (_binary_method(ufunc, name),
+            _reflected_binary_method(ufunc, name),
+            _inplace_binary_method(ufunc, name))
+
+
+def _unary_method(ufunc, name):
+    """Implement a unary special method with a ufunc."""
+    def func(self):
+        return ufunc(self)
+    func.__name__ = '__{}__'.format(name)
+    return func
+
+
+class NDArrayOperatorsMixin:
+    """Mixin defining all operator special methods using __array_ufunc__.
+
+    This class implements the special methods for almost all of Python's
+    builtin operators defined in the `operator` module, including comparisons
+    (``==``, ``>``, etc.) and arithmetic (``+``, ``*``, ``-``, etc.), by
+    deferring to the ``__array_ufunc__`` method, which subclasses must
+    implement.
+
+    It is useful for writing classes that do not inherit from `numpy.ndarray`,
+    but that should support arithmetic and numpy universal functions like
+    arrays as described in `A Mechanism for Overriding Ufuncs
+    `_.
+
+    As an trivial example, consider this implementation of an ``ArrayLike``
+    class that simply wraps a NumPy array and ensures that the result of any
+    arithmetic operation is also an ``ArrayLike`` object::
+
+        class ArrayLike(np.lib.mixins.NDArrayOperatorsMixin):
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = np.asarray(value)
+
+            # One might also consider adding the built-in list type to this
+            # list, to support operations like np.add(array_like, list)
+            _HANDLED_TYPES = (np.ndarray, numbers.Number)
+
+            def __array_ufunc__(self, ufunc, method, *inputs, **kwargs):
+                out = kwargs.get('out', ())
+                for x in inputs + out:
+                    # Only support operations with instances of _HANDLED_TYPES.
+                    # Use ArrayLike instead of type(self) for isinstance to
+                    # allow subclasses that don't override __array_ufunc__ to
+                    # handle ArrayLike objects.
+                    if not isinstance(x, self._HANDLED_TYPES + (ArrayLike,)):
+                        return NotImplemented
+
+                # Defer to the implementation of the ufunc on unwrapped values.
+                inputs = tuple(x.value if isinstance(x, ArrayLike) else x
+                               for x in inputs)
+                if out:
+                    kwargs['out'] = tuple(
+                        x.value if isinstance(x, ArrayLike) else x
+                        for x in out)
+                result = getattr(ufunc, method)(*inputs, **kwargs)
+
+                if type(result) is tuple:
+                    # multiple return values
+                    return tuple(type(self)(x) for x in result)
+                elif method == 'at':
+                    # no return value
+                    return None
+                else:
+                    # one return value
+                    return type(self)(result)
+
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return '%s(%r)' % (type(self).__name__, self.value)
+
+    In interactions between ``ArrayLike`` objects and numbers or numpy arrays,
+    the result is always another ``ArrayLike``:
+
+        >>> x = ArrayLike([1, 2, 3])
+        >>> x - 1
+        ArrayLike(array([0, 1, 2]))
+        >>> 1 - x
+        ArrayLike(array([ 0, -1, -2]))
+        >>> np.arange(3) - x
+        ArrayLike(array([-1, -1, -1]))
+        >>> x - np.arange(3)
+        ArrayLike(array([1, 1, 1]))
+
+    Note that unlike ``numpy.ndarray``, ``ArrayLike`` does not allow operations
+    with arbitrary, unrecognized types. This ensures that interactions with
+    ArrayLike preserve a well-defined casting hierarchy.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.13
+    """
+    __slots__ = ()
+    # Like np.ndarray, this mixin class implements "Option 1" from the ufunc
+    # overrides NEP.
+
+    # comparisons don't have reflected and in-place versions
+    __lt__ = _binary_method(um.less, 'lt')
+    __le__ = _binary_method(um.less_equal, 'le')
+    __eq__ = _binary_method(um.equal, 'eq')
+    __ne__ = _binary_method(um.not_equal, 'ne')
+    __gt__ = _binary_method(um.greater, 'gt')
+    __ge__ = _binary_method(um.greater_equal, 'ge')
+
+    # numeric methods
+    __add__, __radd__, __iadd__ = _numeric_methods(um.add, 'add')
+    __sub__, __rsub__, __isub__ = _numeric_methods(um.subtract, 'sub')
+    __mul__, __rmul__, __imul__ = _numeric_methods(um.multiply, 'mul')
+    __matmul__, __rmatmul__, __imatmul__ = _numeric_methods(
+        um.matmul, 'matmul')
+    # Python 3 does not use __div__, __rdiv__, or __idiv__
+    __truediv__, __rtruediv__, __itruediv__ = _numeric_methods(
+        um.true_divide, 'truediv')
+    __floordiv__, __rfloordiv__, __ifloordiv__ = _numeric_methods(
+        um.floor_divide, 'floordiv')
+    __mod__, __rmod__, __imod__ = _numeric_methods(um.remainder, 'mod')
+    __divmod__ = _binary_method(um.divmod, 'divmod')
+    __rdivmod__ = _reflected_binary_method(um.divmod, 'divmod')
+    # __idivmod__ does not exist
+    # TODO: handle the optional third argument for __pow__?
+    __pow__, __rpow__, __ipow__ = _numeric_methods(um.power, 'pow')
+    __lshift__, __rlshift__, __ilshift__ = _numeric_methods(
+        um.left_shift, 'lshift')
+    __rshift__, __rrshift__, __irshift__ = _numeric_methods(
+        um.right_shift, 'rshift')
+    __and__, __rand__, __iand__ = _numeric_methods(um.bitwise_and, 'and')
+    __xor__, __rxor__, __ixor__ = _numeric_methods(um.bitwise_xor, 'xor')
+    __or__, __ror__, __ior__ = _numeric_methods(um.bitwise_or, 'or')
+
+    # unary methods
+    __neg__ = _unary_method(um.negative, 'neg')
+    __pos__ = _unary_method(um.positive, 'pos')
+    __abs__ = _unary_method(um.absolute, 'abs')
+    __invert__ = _unary_method(um.invert, 'invert')
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/mixins.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/mixins.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5744213372cf746fcba3a3b711b49730629e28c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/mixins.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from typing import Literal as L, Any
+
+from numpy import ufunc
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+# NOTE: `NDArrayOperatorsMixin` is not formally an abstract baseclass,
+# even though it's reliant on subclasses implementing `__array_ufunc__`
+
+# NOTE: The accepted input- and output-types of the various dunders are
+# completely dependent on how `__array_ufunc__` is implemented.
+# As such, only little type safety can be provided here.
+
+class NDArrayOperatorsMixin(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __array_ufunc__(
+        self,
+        ufunc: ufunc,
+        method: L["__call__", "reduce", "reduceat", "accumulate", "outer", "inner"],
+        *inputs: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+    def __lt__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __le__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __gt__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __ge__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __add__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __radd__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __iadd__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __sub__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rsub__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __isub__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __mul__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rmul__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __imul__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __matmul__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rmatmul__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __imatmul__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __truediv__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __itruediv__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __floordiv__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __ifloordiv__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __mod__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rmod__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __imod__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __divmod__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rdivmod__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __pow__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rpow__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __ipow__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __lshift__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rlshift__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __ilshift__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rshift__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rrshift__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __irshift__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __and__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rand__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __iand__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __xor__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __rxor__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __ixor__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __or__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __ror__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __ior__(self, other: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def __neg__(self) -> Any: ...
+    def __pos__(self) -> Any: ...
+    def __abs__(self) -> Any: ...
+    def __invert__(self) -> Any: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/nanfunctions.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/nanfunctions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3b570860ff87521f103776c42b4f2462f778dae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/nanfunctions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1887 @@
+"""
+Functions that ignore NaN.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+- `nanmin` -- minimum non-NaN value
+- `nanmax` -- maximum non-NaN value
+- `nanargmin` -- index of minimum non-NaN value
+- `nanargmax` -- index of maximum non-NaN value
+- `nansum` -- sum of non-NaN values
+- `nanprod` -- product of non-NaN values
+- `nancumsum` -- cumulative sum of non-NaN values
+- `nancumprod` -- cumulative product of non-NaN values
+- `nanmean` -- mean of non-NaN values
+- `nanvar` -- variance of non-NaN values
+- `nanstd` -- standard deviation of non-NaN values
+- `nanmedian` -- median of non-NaN values
+- `nanquantile` -- qth quantile of non-NaN values
+- `nanpercentile` -- qth percentile of non-NaN values
+
+"""
+import functools
+import warnings
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.lib import function_base
+from numpy.core import overrides
+
+
+array_function_dispatch = functools.partial(
+    overrides.array_function_dispatch, module='numpy')
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'nansum', 'nanmax', 'nanmin', 'nanargmax', 'nanargmin', 'nanmean',
+    'nanmedian', 'nanpercentile', 'nanvar', 'nanstd', 'nanprod',
+    'nancumsum', 'nancumprod', 'nanquantile'
+    ]
+
+
+def _nan_mask(a, out=None):
+    """
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array-like
+        Input array with at least 1 dimension.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternate output array in which to place the result.  The default
+        is ``None``; if provided, it must have the same shape as the
+        expected output and will prevent the allocation of a new array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : bool ndarray or True
+        A bool array where ``np.nan`` positions are marked with ``False``
+        and other positions are marked with ``True``. If the type of ``a``
+        is such that it can't possibly contain ``np.nan``, returns ``True``.
+    """
+    # we assume that a is an array for this private function
+
+    if a.dtype.kind not in 'fc':
+        return True
+
+    y = np.isnan(a, out=out)
+    y = np.invert(y, out=y)
+    return y
+
+def _replace_nan(a, val):
+    """
+    If `a` is of inexact type, make a copy of `a`, replace NaNs with
+    the `val` value, and return the copy together with a boolean mask
+    marking the locations where NaNs were present. If `a` is not of
+    inexact type, do nothing and return `a` together with a mask of None.
+
+    Note that scalars will end up as array scalars, which is important
+    for using the result as the value of the out argument in some
+    operations.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array-like
+        Input array.
+    val : float
+        NaN values are set to val before doing the operation.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : ndarray
+        If `a` is of inexact type, return a copy of `a` with the NaNs
+        replaced by the fill value, otherwise return `a`.
+    mask: {bool, None}
+        If `a` is of inexact type, return a boolean mask marking locations of
+        NaNs, otherwise return None.
+
+    """
+    a = np.asanyarray(a)
+
+    if a.dtype == np.object_:
+        # object arrays do not support `isnan` (gh-9009), so make a guess
+        mask = np.not_equal(a, a, dtype=bool)
+    elif issubclass(a.dtype.type, np.inexact):
+        mask = np.isnan(a)
+    else:
+        mask = None
+
+    if mask is not None:
+        a = np.array(a, subok=True, copy=True)
+        np.copyto(a, val, where=mask)
+
+    return a, mask
+
+
+def _copyto(a, val, mask):
+    """
+    Replace values in `a` with NaN where `mask` is True.  This differs from
+    copyto in that it will deal with the case where `a` is a numpy scalar.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : ndarray or numpy scalar
+        Array or numpy scalar some of whose values are to be replaced
+        by val.
+    val : numpy scalar
+        Value used a replacement.
+    mask : ndarray, scalar
+        Boolean array. Where True the corresponding element of `a` is
+        replaced by `val`. Broadcasts.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    res : ndarray, scalar
+        Array with elements replaced or scalar `val`.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(a, np.ndarray):
+        np.copyto(a, val, where=mask, casting='unsafe')
+    else:
+        a = a.dtype.type(val)
+    return a
+
+
+def _remove_nan_1d(arr1d, overwrite_input=False):
+    """
+    Equivalent to arr1d[~arr1d.isnan()], but in a different order
+
+    Presumably faster as it incurs fewer copies
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr1d : ndarray
+        Array to remove nans from
+    overwrite_input : bool
+        True if `arr1d` can be modified in place
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    res : ndarray
+        Array with nan elements removed
+    overwrite_input : bool
+        True if `res` can be modified in place, given the constraint on the
+        input
+    """
+    if arr1d.dtype == object:
+        # object arrays do not support `isnan` (gh-9009), so make a guess
+        c = np.not_equal(arr1d, arr1d, dtype=bool)
+    else:
+        c = np.isnan(arr1d)
+
+    s = np.nonzero(c)[0]
+    if s.size == arr1d.size:
+        warnings.warn("All-NaN slice encountered", RuntimeWarning,
+                      stacklevel=6)
+        return arr1d[:0], True
+    elif s.size == 0:
+        return arr1d, overwrite_input
+    else:
+        if not overwrite_input:
+            arr1d = arr1d.copy()
+        # select non-nans at end of array
+        enonan = arr1d[-s.size:][~c[-s.size:]]
+        # fill nans in beginning of array with non-nans of end
+        arr1d[s[:enonan.size]] = enonan
+
+        return arr1d[:-s.size], True
+
+
+def _divide_by_count(a, b, out=None):
+    """
+    Compute a/b ignoring invalid results. If `a` is an array the division
+    is done in place. If `a` is a scalar, then its type is preserved in the
+    output. If out is None, then a is used instead so that the division
+    is in place. Note that this is only called with `a` an inexact type.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : {ndarray, numpy scalar}
+        Numerator. Expected to be of inexact type but not checked.
+    b : {ndarray, numpy scalar}
+        Denominator.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternate output array in which to place the result.  The default
+        is ``None``; if provided, it must have the same shape as the
+        expected output, but the type will be cast if necessary.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ret : {ndarray, numpy scalar}
+        The return value is a/b. If `a` was an ndarray the division is done
+        in place. If `a` is a numpy scalar, the division preserves its type.
+
+    """
+    with np.errstate(invalid='ignore', divide='ignore'):
+        if isinstance(a, np.ndarray):
+            if out is None:
+                return np.divide(a, b, out=a, casting='unsafe')
+            else:
+                return np.divide(a, b, out=out, casting='unsafe')
+        else:
+            if out is None:
+                # Precaution against reduced object arrays
+                try:
+                    return a.dtype.type(a / b)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    return a / b
+            else:
+                # This is questionable, but currently a numpy scalar can
+                # be output to a zero dimensional array.
+                return np.divide(a, b, out=out, casting='unsafe')
+
+
+def _nanmin_dispatcher(a, axis=None, out=None, keepdims=None,
+                       initial=None, where=None):
+    return (a, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nanmin_dispatcher)
+def nanmin(a, axis=None, out=None, keepdims=np._NoValue, initial=np._NoValue,
+           where=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Return minimum of an array or minimum along an axis, ignoring any NaNs.
+    When all-NaN slices are encountered a ``RuntimeWarning`` is raised and
+    Nan is returned for that slice.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Array containing numbers whose minimum is desired. If `a` is not an
+        array, a conversion is attempted.
+    axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the minimum is computed. The default is to compute
+        the minimum of the flattened array.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternate output array in which to place the result.  The default
+        is ``None``; if provided, it must have the same shape as the
+        expected output, but the type will be cast if necessary. See
+        :ref:`ufuncs-output-type` for more details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the original `a`.
+
+        If the value is anything but the default, then
+        `keepdims` will be passed through to the `min` method
+        of sub-classes of `ndarray`.  If the sub-classes methods
+        does not implement `keepdims` any exceptions will be raised.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+    initial : scalar, optional
+        The maximum value of an output element. Must be present to allow
+        computation on empty slice. See `~numpy.ufunc.reduce` for details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+    where : array_like of bool, optional
+        Elements to compare for the minimum. See `~numpy.ufunc.reduce`
+        for details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    nanmin : ndarray
+        An array with the same shape as `a`, with the specified axis
+        removed.  If `a` is a 0-d array, or if axis is None, an ndarray
+        scalar is returned.  The same dtype as `a` is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    nanmax :
+        The maximum value of an array along a given axis, ignoring any NaNs.
+    amin :
+        The minimum value of an array along a given axis, propagating any NaNs.
+    fmin :
+        Element-wise minimum of two arrays, ignoring any NaNs.
+    minimum :
+        Element-wise minimum of two arrays, propagating any NaNs.
+    isnan :
+        Shows which elements are Not a Number (NaN).
+    isfinite:
+        Shows which elements are neither NaN nor infinity.
+
+    amax, fmax, maximum
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    NumPy uses the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point for Arithmetic
+    (IEEE 754). This means that Not a Number is not equivalent to infinity.
+    Positive infinity is treated as a very large number and negative
+    infinity is treated as a very small (i.e. negative) number.
+
+    If the input has a integer type the function is equivalent to np.min.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, np.nan]])
+    >>> np.nanmin(a)
+    1.0
+    >>> np.nanmin(a, axis=0)
+    array([1.,  2.])
+    >>> np.nanmin(a, axis=1)
+    array([1.,  3.])
+
+    When positive infinity and negative infinity are present:
+
+    >>> np.nanmin([1, 2, np.nan, np.inf])
+    1.0
+    >>> np.nanmin([1, 2, np.nan, np.NINF])
+    -inf
+
+    """
+    kwargs = {}
+    if keepdims is not np._NoValue:
+        kwargs['keepdims'] = keepdims
+    if initial is not np._NoValue:
+        kwargs['initial'] = initial
+    if where is not np._NoValue:
+        kwargs['where'] = where
+
+    if type(a) is np.ndarray and a.dtype != np.object_:
+        # Fast, but not safe for subclasses of ndarray, or object arrays,
+        # which do not implement isnan (gh-9009), or fmin correctly (gh-8975)
+        res = np.fmin.reduce(a, axis=axis, out=out, **kwargs)
+        if np.isnan(res).any():
+            warnings.warn("All-NaN slice encountered", RuntimeWarning,
+                          stacklevel=2)
+    else:
+        # Slow, but safe for subclasses of ndarray
+        a, mask = _replace_nan(a, +np.inf)
+        res = np.amin(a, axis=axis, out=out, **kwargs)
+        if mask is None:
+            return res
+
+        # Check for all-NaN axis
+        kwargs.pop("initial", None)
+        mask = np.all(mask, axis=axis, **kwargs)
+        if np.any(mask):
+            res = _copyto(res, np.nan, mask)
+            warnings.warn("All-NaN axis encountered", RuntimeWarning,
+                          stacklevel=2)
+    return res
+
+
+def _nanmax_dispatcher(a, axis=None, out=None, keepdims=None,
+                       initial=None, where=None):
+    return (a, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nanmax_dispatcher)
+def nanmax(a, axis=None, out=None, keepdims=np._NoValue, initial=np._NoValue,
+           where=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Return the maximum of an array or maximum along an axis, ignoring any
+    NaNs.  When all-NaN slices are encountered a ``RuntimeWarning`` is
+    raised and NaN is returned for that slice.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Array containing numbers whose maximum is desired. If `a` is not an
+        array, a conversion is attempted.
+    axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the maximum is computed. The default is to compute
+        the maximum of the flattened array.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternate output array in which to place the result.  The default
+        is ``None``; if provided, it must have the same shape as the
+        expected output, but the type will be cast if necessary. See
+        :ref:`ufuncs-output-type` for more details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the original `a`.
+
+        If the value is anything but the default, then
+        `keepdims` will be passed through to the `max` method
+        of sub-classes of `ndarray`.  If the sub-classes methods
+        does not implement `keepdims` any exceptions will be raised.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+    initial : scalar, optional
+        The minimum value of an output element. Must be present to allow
+        computation on empty slice. See `~numpy.ufunc.reduce` for details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+    where : array_like of bool, optional
+        Elements to compare for the maximum. See `~numpy.ufunc.reduce`
+        for details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    nanmax : ndarray
+        An array with the same shape as `a`, with the specified axis removed.
+        If `a` is a 0-d array, or if axis is None, an ndarray scalar is
+        returned.  The same dtype as `a` is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    nanmin :
+        The minimum value of an array along a given axis, ignoring any NaNs.
+    amax :
+        The maximum value of an array along a given axis, propagating any NaNs.
+    fmax :
+        Element-wise maximum of two arrays, ignoring any NaNs.
+    maximum :
+        Element-wise maximum of two arrays, propagating any NaNs.
+    isnan :
+        Shows which elements are Not a Number (NaN).
+    isfinite:
+        Shows which elements are neither NaN nor infinity.
+
+    amin, fmin, minimum
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    NumPy uses the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point for Arithmetic
+    (IEEE 754). This means that Not a Number is not equivalent to infinity.
+    Positive infinity is treated as a very large number and negative
+    infinity is treated as a very small (i.e. negative) number.
+
+    If the input has a integer type the function is equivalent to np.max.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, np.nan]])
+    >>> np.nanmax(a)
+    3.0
+    >>> np.nanmax(a, axis=0)
+    array([3.,  2.])
+    >>> np.nanmax(a, axis=1)
+    array([2.,  3.])
+
+    When positive infinity and negative infinity are present:
+
+    >>> np.nanmax([1, 2, np.nan, np.NINF])
+    2.0
+    >>> np.nanmax([1, 2, np.nan, np.inf])
+    inf
+
+    """
+    kwargs = {}
+    if keepdims is not np._NoValue:
+        kwargs['keepdims'] = keepdims
+    if initial is not np._NoValue:
+        kwargs['initial'] = initial
+    if where is not np._NoValue:
+        kwargs['where'] = where
+
+    if type(a) is np.ndarray and a.dtype != np.object_:
+        # Fast, but not safe for subclasses of ndarray, or object arrays,
+        # which do not implement isnan (gh-9009), or fmax correctly (gh-8975)
+        res = np.fmax.reduce(a, axis=axis, out=out, **kwargs)
+        if np.isnan(res).any():
+            warnings.warn("All-NaN slice encountered", RuntimeWarning,
+                          stacklevel=2)
+    else:
+        # Slow, but safe for subclasses of ndarray
+        a, mask = _replace_nan(a, -np.inf)
+        res = np.amax(a, axis=axis, out=out, **kwargs)
+        if mask is None:
+            return res
+
+        # Check for all-NaN axis
+        kwargs.pop("initial", None)
+        mask = np.all(mask, axis=axis, **kwargs)
+        if np.any(mask):
+            res = _copyto(res, np.nan, mask)
+            warnings.warn("All-NaN axis encountered", RuntimeWarning,
+                          stacklevel=2)
+    return res
+
+
+def _nanargmin_dispatcher(a, axis=None, out=None, *, keepdims=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nanargmin_dispatcher)
+def nanargmin(a, axis=None, out=None, *, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Return the indices of the minimum values in the specified axis ignoring
+    NaNs. For all-NaN slices ``ValueError`` is raised. Warning: the results
+    cannot be trusted if a slice contains only NaNs and Infs.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input data.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which to operate.  By default flattened input is used.
+    out : array, optional
+        If provided, the result will be inserted into this array. It should
+        be of the appropriate shape and dtype.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the array.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    index_array : ndarray
+        An array of indices or a single index value.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    argmin, nanargmax
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[np.nan, 4], [2, 3]])
+    >>> np.argmin(a)
+    0
+    >>> np.nanargmin(a)
+    2
+    >>> np.nanargmin(a, axis=0)
+    array([1, 1])
+    >>> np.nanargmin(a, axis=1)
+    array([1, 0])
+
+    """
+    a, mask = _replace_nan(a, np.inf)
+    if mask is not None:
+        mask = np.all(mask, axis=axis)
+        if np.any(mask):
+            raise ValueError("All-NaN slice encountered")
+    res = np.argmin(a, axis=axis, out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
+    return res
+
+
+def _nanargmax_dispatcher(a, axis=None, out=None, *, keepdims=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nanargmax_dispatcher)
+def nanargmax(a, axis=None, out=None, *, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Return the indices of the maximum values in the specified axis ignoring
+    NaNs. For all-NaN slices ``ValueError`` is raised. Warning: the
+    results cannot be trusted if a slice contains only NaNs and -Infs.
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input data.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which to operate.  By default flattened input is used.
+    out : array, optional
+        If provided, the result will be inserted into this array. It should
+        be of the appropriate shape and dtype.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the array.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    index_array : ndarray
+        An array of indices or a single index value.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    argmax, nanargmin
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[np.nan, 4], [2, 3]])
+    >>> np.argmax(a)
+    0
+    >>> np.nanargmax(a)
+    1
+    >>> np.nanargmax(a, axis=0)
+    array([1, 0])
+    >>> np.nanargmax(a, axis=1)
+    array([1, 1])
+
+    """
+    a, mask = _replace_nan(a, -np.inf)
+    if mask is not None:
+        mask = np.all(mask, axis=axis)
+        if np.any(mask):
+            raise ValueError("All-NaN slice encountered")
+    res = np.argmax(a, axis=axis, out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
+    return res
+
+
+def _nansum_dispatcher(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=None,
+                       initial=None, where=None):
+    return (a, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nansum_dispatcher)
+def nansum(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=np._NoValue,
+           initial=np._NoValue, where=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Return the sum of array elements over a given axis treating Not a
+    Numbers (NaNs) as zero.
+
+    In NumPy versions <= 1.9.0 Nan is returned for slices that are all-NaN or
+    empty. In later versions zero is returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Array containing numbers whose sum is desired. If `a` is not an
+        array, a conversion is attempted.
+    axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the sum is computed. The default is to compute the
+        sum of the flattened array.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        The type of the returned array and of the accumulator in which the
+        elements are summed.  By default, the dtype of `a` is used.  An
+        exception is when `a` has an integer type with less precision than
+        the platform (u)intp. In that case, the default will be either
+        (u)int32 or (u)int64 depending on whether the platform is 32 or 64
+        bits. For inexact inputs, dtype must be inexact.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternate output array in which to place the result.  The default
+        is ``None``. If provided, it must have the same shape as the
+        expected output, but the type will be cast if necessary.  See
+        :ref:`ufuncs-output-type` for more details. The casting of NaN to integer
+        can yield unexpected results.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the original `a`.
+
+
+        If the value is anything but the default, then
+        `keepdims` will be passed through to the `mean` or `sum` methods
+        of sub-classes of `ndarray`.  If the sub-classes methods
+        does not implement `keepdims` any exceptions will be raised.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+    initial : scalar, optional
+        Starting value for the sum. See `~numpy.ufunc.reduce` for details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+    where : array_like of bool, optional
+        Elements to include in the sum. See `~numpy.ufunc.reduce` for details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    nansum : ndarray.
+        A new array holding the result is returned unless `out` is
+        specified, in which it is returned. The result has the same
+        size as `a`, and the same shape as `a` if `axis` is not None
+        or `a` is a 1-d array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.sum : Sum across array propagating NaNs.
+    isnan : Show which elements are NaN.
+    isfinite : Show which elements are not NaN or +/-inf.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    If both positive and negative infinity are present, the sum will be Not
+    A Number (NaN).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.nansum(1)
+    1
+    >>> np.nansum([1])
+    1
+    >>> np.nansum([1, np.nan])
+    1.0
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 1], [1, np.nan]])
+    >>> np.nansum(a)
+    3.0
+    >>> np.nansum(a, axis=0)
+    array([2.,  1.])
+    >>> np.nansum([1, np.nan, np.inf])
+    inf
+    >>> np.nansum([1, np.nan, np.NINF])
+    -inf
+    >>> from numpy.testing import suppress_warnings
+    >>> with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+    ...     sup.filter(RuntimeWarning)
+    ...     np.nansum([1, np.nan, np.inf, -np.inf]) # both +/- infinity present
+    nan
+
+    """
+    a, mask = _replace_nan(a, 0)
+    return np.sum(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, keepdims=keepdims,
+                  initial=initial, where=where)
+
+
+def _nanprod_dispatcher(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=None,
+                        initial=None, where=None):
+    return (a, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nanprod_dispatcher)
+def nanprod(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=np._NoValue,
+            initial=np._NoValue, where=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Return the product of array elements over a given axis treating Not a
+    Numbers (NaNs) as ones.
+
+    One is returned for slices that are all-NaN or empty.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Array containing numbers whose product is desired. If `a` is not an
+        array, a conversion is attempted.
+    axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the product is computed. The default is to compute
+        the product of the flattened array.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        The type of the returned array and of the accumulator in which the
+        elements are summed.  By default, the dtype of `a` is used.  An
+        exception is when `a` has an integer type with less precision than
+        the platform (u)intp. In that case, the default will be either
+        (u)int32 or (u)int64 depending on whether the platform is 32 or 64
+        bits. For inexact inputs, dtype must be inexact.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternate output array in which to place the result.  The default
+        is ``None``. If provided, it must have the same shape as the
+        expected output, but the type will be cast if necessary. See
+        :ref:`ufuncs-output-type` for more details. The casting of NaN to integer
+        can yield unexpected results.
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If True, the axes which are reduced are left in the result as
+        dimensions with size one. With this option, the result will
+        broadcast correctly against the original `arr`.
+    initial : scalar, optional
+        The starting value for this product. See `~numpy.ufunc.reduce`
+        for details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+    where : array_like of bool, optional
+        Elements to include in the product. See `~numpy.ufunc.reduce`
+        for details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    nanprod : ndarray
+        A new array holding the result is returned unless `out` is
+        specified, in which case it is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.prod : Product across array propagating NaNs.
+    isnan : Show which elements are NaN.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.nanprod(1)
+    1
+    >>> np.nanprod([1])
+    1
+    >>> np.nanprod([1, np.nan])
+    1.0
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, np.nan]])
+    >>> np.nanprod(a)
+    6.0
+    >>> np.nanprod(a, axis=0)
+    array([3., 2.])
+
+    """
+    a, mask = _replace_nan(a, 1)
+    return np.prod(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, keepdims=keepdims,
+                   initial=initial, where=where)
+
+
+def _nancumsum_dispatcher(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None):
+    return (a, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nancumsum_dispatcher)
+def nancumsum(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None):
+    """
+    Return the cumulative sum of array elements over a given axis treating Not a
+    Numbers (NaNs) as zero.  The cumulative sum does not change when NaNs are
+    encountered and leading NaNs are replaced by zeros.
+
+    Zeros are returned for slices that are all-NaN or empty.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.12.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which the cumulative sum is computed. The default
+        (None) is to compute the cumsum over the flattened array.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+        Type of the returned array and of the accumulator in which the
+        elements are summed.  If `dtype` is not specified, it defaults
+        to the dtype of `a`, unless `a` has an integer dtype with a
+        precision less than that of the default platform integer.  In
+        that case, the default platform integer is used.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must
+        have the same shape and buffer length as the expected output
+        but the type will be cast if necessary. See :ref:`ufuncs-output-type` for
+        more details.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    nancumsum : ndarray.
+        A new array holding the result is returned unless `out` is
+        specified, in which it is returned. The result has the same
+        size as `a`, and the same shape as `a` if `axis` is not None
+        or `a` is a 1-d array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.cumsum : Cumulative sum across array propagating NaNs.
+    isnan : Show which elements are NaN.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.nancumsum(1)
+    array([1])
+    >>> np.nancumsum([1])
+    array([1])
+    >>> np.nancumsum([1, np.nan])
+    array([1.,  1.])
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, np.nan]])
+    >>> np.nancumsum(a)
+    array([1.,  3.,  6.,  6.])
+    >>> np.nancumsum(a, axis=0)
+    array([[1.,  2.],
+           [4.,  2.]])
+    >>> np.nancumsum(a, axis=1)
+    array([[1.,  3.],
+           [3.,  3.]])
+
+    """
+    a, mask = _replace_nan(a, 0)
+    return np.cumsum(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out)
+
+
+def _nancumprod_dispatcher(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None):
+    return (a, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nancumprod_dispatcher)
+def nancumprod(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None):
+    """
+    Return the cumulative product of array elements over a given axis treating Not a
+    Numbers (NaNs) as one.  The cumulative product does not change when NaNs are
+    encountered and leading NaNs are replaced by ones.
+
+    Ones are returned for slices that are all-NaN or empty.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.12.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which the cumulative product is computed.  By default
+        the input is flattened.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+        Type of the returned array, as well as of the accumulator in which
+        the elements are multiplied.  If *dtype* is not specified, it
+        defaults to the dtype of `a`, unless `a` has an integer dtype with
+        a precision less than that of the default platform integer.  In
+        that case, the default platform integer is used instead.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must
+        have the same shape and buffer length as the expected output
+        but the type of the resulting values will be cast if necessary.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    nancumprod : ndarray
+        A new array holding the result is returned unless `out` is
+        specified, in which case it is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.cumprod : Cumulative product across array propagating NaNs.
+    isnan : Show which elements are NaN.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.nancumprod(1)
+    array([1])
+    >>> np.nancumprod([1])
+    array([1])
+    >>> np.nancumprod([1, np.nan])
+    array([1.,  1.])
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, np.nan]])
+    >>> np.nancumprod(a)
+    array([1.,  2.,  6.,  6.])
+    >>> np.nancumprod(a, axis=0)
+    array([[1.,  2.],
+           [3.,  2.]])
+    >>> np.nancumprod(a, axis=1)
+    array([[1.,  2.],
+           [3.,  3.]])
+
+    """
+    a, mask = _replace_nan(a, 1)
+    return np.cumprod(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out)
+
+
+def _nanmean_dispatcher(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=None,
+                        *, where=None):
+    return (a, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nanmean_dispatcher)
+def nanmean(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=np._NoValue,
+            *, where=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Compute the arithmetic mean along the specified axis, ignoring NaNs.
+
+    Returns the average of the array elements.  The average is taken over
+    the flattened array by default, otherwise over the specified axis.
+    `float64` intermediate and return values are used for integer inputs.
+
+    For all-NaN slices, NaN is returned and a `RuntimeWarning` is raised.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Array containing numbers whose mean is desired. If `a` is not an
+        array, a conversion is attempted.
+    axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the means are computed. The default is to compute
+        the mean of the flattened array.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        Type to use in computing the mean.  For integer inputs, the default
+        is `float64`; for inexact inputs, it is the same as the input
+        dtype.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternate output array in which to place the result.  The default
+        is ``None``; if provided, it must have the same shape as the
+        expected output, but the type will be cast if necessary. See
+        :ref:`ufuncs-output-type` for more details.
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the original `a`.
+
+        If the value is anything but the default, then
+        `keepdims` will be passed through to the `mean` or `sum` methods
+        of sub-classes of `ndarray`.  If the sub-classes methods
+        does not implement `keepdims` any exceptions will be raised.
+    where : array_like of bool, optional
+        Elements to include in the mean. See `~numpy.ufunc.reduce` for details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    m : ndarray, see dtype parameter above
+        If `out=None`, returns a new array containing the mean values,
+        otherwise a reference to the output array is returned. Nan is
+        returned for slices that contain only NaNs.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    average : Weighted average
+    mean : Arithmetic mean taken while not ignoring NaNs
+    var, nanvar
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The arithmetic mean is the sum of the non-NaN elements along the axis
+    divided by the number of non-NaN elements.
+
+    Note that for floating-point input, the mean is computed using the same
+    precision the input has.  Depending on the input data, this can cause
+    the results to be inaccurate, especially for `float32`.  Specifying a
+    higher-precision accumulator using the `dtype` keyword can alleviate
+    this issue.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, np.nan], [3, 4]])
+    >>> np.nanmean(a)
+    2.6666666666666665
+    >>> np.nanmean(a, axis=0)
+    array([2.,  4.])
+    >>> np.nanmean(a, axis=1)
+    array([1.,  3.5]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    arr, mask = _replace_nan(a, 0)
+    if mask is None:
+        return np.mean(arr, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, keepdims=keepdims,
+                       where=where)
+
+    if dtype is not None:
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+    if dtype is not None and not issubclass(dtype.type, np.inexact):
+        raise TypeError("If a is inexact, then dtype must be inexact")
+    if out is not None and not issubclass(out.dtype.type, np.inexact):
+        raise TypeError("If a is inexact, then out must be inexact")
+
+    cnt = np.sum(~mask, axis=axis, dtype=np.intp, keepdims=keepdims,
+                 where=where)
+    tot = np.sum(arr, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, keepdims=keepdims,
+                 where=where)
+    avg = _divide_by_count(tot, cnt, out=out)
+
+    isbad = (cnt == 0)
+    if isbad.any():
+        warnings.warn("Mean of empty slice", RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        # NaN is the only possible bad value, so no further
+        # action is needed to handle bad results.
+    return avg
+
+
+def _nanmedian1d(arr1d, overwrite_input=False):
+    """
+    Private function for rank 1 arrays. Compute the median ignoring NaNs.
+    See nanmedian for parameter usage
+    """
+    arr1d_parsed, overwrite_input = _remove_nan_1d(
+        arr1d, overwrite_input=overwrite_input,
+    )
+
+    if arr1d_parsed.size == 0:
+        # Ensure that a nan-esque scalar of the appropriate type (and unit)
+        # is returned for `timedelta64` and `complexfloating`
+        return arr1d[-1]
+
+    return np.median(arr1d_parsed, overwrite_input=overwrite_input)
+
+
+def _nanmedian(a, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=False):
+    """
+    Private function that doesn't support extended axis or keepdims.
+    These methods are extended to this function using _ureduce
+    See nanmedian for parameter usage
+
+    """
+    if axis is None or a.ndim == 1:
+        part = a.ravel()
+        if out is None:
+            return _nanmedian1d(part, overwrite_input)
+        else:
+            out[...] = _nanmedian1d(part, overwrite_input)
+            return out
+    else:
+        # for small medians use sort + indexing which is still faster than
+        # apply_along_axis
+        # benchmarked with shuffled (50, 50, x) containing a few NaN
+        if a.shape[axis] < 600:
+            return _nanmedian_small(a, axis, out, overwrite_input)
+        result = np.apply_along_axis(_nanmedian1d, axis, a, overwrite_input)
+        if out is not None:
+            out[...] = result
+        return result
+
+
+def _nanmedian_small(a, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=False):
+    """
+    sort + indexing median, faster for small medians along multiple
+    dimensions due to the high overhead of apply_along_axis
+
+    see nanmedian for parameter usage
+    """
+    a = np.ma.masked_array(a, np.isnan(a))
+    m = np.ma.median(a, axis=axis, overwrite_input=overwrite_input)
+    for i in range(np.count_nonzero(m.mask.ravel())):
+        warnings.warn("All-NaN slice encountered", RuntimeWarning,
+                      stacklevel=5)
+
+    fill_value = np.timedelta64("NaT") if m.dtype.kind == "m" else np.nan
+    if out is not None:
+        out[...] = m.filled(fill_value)
+        return out
+    return m.filled(fill_value)
+
+
+def _nanmedian_dispatcher(
+        a, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=None, keepdims=None):
+    return (a, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nanmedian_dispatcher)
+def nanmedian(a, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=False, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Compute the median along the specified axis, while ignoring NaNs.
+
+    Returns the median of the array elements.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array or object that can be converted to an array.
+    axis : {int, sequence of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the medians are computed. The default
+        is to compute the median along a flattened version of the array.
+        A sequence of axes is supported since version 1.9.0.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must
+        have the same shape and buffer length as the expected output,
+        but the type (of the output) will be cast if necessary.
+    overwrite_input : bool, optional
+       If True, then allow use of memory of input array `a` for
+       calculations. The input array will be modified by the call to
+       `median`. This will save memory when you do not need to preserve
+       the contents of the input array. Treat the input as undefined,
+       but it will probably be fully or partially sorted. Default is
+       False. If `overwrite_input` is ``True`` and `a` is not already an
+       `ndarray`, an error will be raised.
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the original `a`.
+
+        If this is anything but the default value it will be passed
+        through (in the special case of an empty array) to the
+        `mean` function of the underlying array.  If the array is
+        a sub-class and `mean` does not have the kwarg `keepdims` this
+        will raise a RuntimeError.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    median : ndarray
+        A new array holding the result. If the input contains integers
+        or floats smaller than ``float64``, then the output data-type is
+        ``np.float64``.  Otherwise, the data-type of the output is the
+        same as that of the input. If `out` is specified, that array is
+        returned instead.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mean, median, percentile
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Given a vector ``V`` of length ``N``, the median of ``V`` is the
+    middle value of a sorted copy of ``V``, ``V_sorted`` - i.e.,
+    ``V_sorted[(N-1)/2]``, when ``N`` is odd and the average of the two
+    middle values of ``V_sorted`` when ``N`` is even.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[10.0, 7, 4], [3, 2, 1]])
+    >>> a[0, 1] = np.nan
+    >>> a
+    array([[10., nan,  4.],
+           [ 3.,  2.,  1.]])
+    >>> np.median(a)
+    nan
+    >>> np.nanmedian(a)
+    3.0
+    >>> np.nanmedian(a, axis=0)
+    array([6.5, 2. , 2.5])
+    >>> np.median(a, axis=1)
+    array([nan,  2.])
+    >>> b = a.copy()
+    >>> np.nanmedian(b, axis=1, overwrite_input=True)
+    array([7.,  2.])
+    >>> assert not np.all(a==b)
+    >>> b = a.copy()
+    >>> np.nanmedian(b, axis=None, overwrite_input=True)
+    3.0
+    >>> assert not np.all(a==b)
+
+    """
+    a = np.asanyarray(a)
+    # apply_along_axis in _nanmedian doesn't handle empty arrays well,
+    # so deal them upfront
+    if a.size == 0:
+        return np.nanmean(a, axis, out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
+
+    return function_base._ureduce(a, func=_nanmedian, keepdims=keepdims,
+                                  axis=axis, out=out,
+                                  overwrite_input=overwrite_input)
+
+
+def _nanpercentile_dispatcher(
+        a, q, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=None,
+        method=None, keepdims=None, *, interpolation=None):
+    return (a, q, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nanpercentile_dispatcher)
+def nanpercentile(
+        a,
+        q,
+        axis=None,
+        out=None,
+        overwrite_input=False,
+        method="linear",
+        keepdims=np._NoValue,
+        *,
+        interpolation=None,
+):
+    """
+    Compute the qth percentile of the data along the specified axis,
+    while ignoring nan values.
+
+    Returns the qth percentile(s) of the array elements.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array or object that can be converted to an array, containing
+        nan values to be ignored.
+    q : array_like of float
+        Percentile or sequence of percentiles to compute, which must be
+        between 0 and 100 inclusive.
+    axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the percentiles are computed. The default
+        is to compute the percentile(s) along a flattened version of the
+        array.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must have
+        the same shape and buffer length as the expected output, but the
+        type (of the output) will be cast if necessary.
+    overwrite_input : bool, optional
+        If True, then allow the input array `a` to be modified by
+        intermediate calculations, to save memory. In this case, the
+        contents of the input `a` after this function completes is
+        undefined.
+    method : str, optional
+        This parameter specifies the method to use for estimating the
+        percentile.  There are many different methods, some unique to NumPy.
+        See the notes for explanation.  The options sorted by their R type
+        as summarized in the H&F paper [1]_ are:
+
+        1. 'inverted_cdf'
+        2. 'averaged_inverted_cdf'
+        3. 'closest_observation'
+        4. 'interpolated_inverted_cdf'
+        5. 'hazen'
+        6. 'weibull'
+        7. 'linear'  (default)
+        8. 'median_unbiased'
+        9. 'normal_unbiased'
+
+        The first three methods are discontinuous.  NumPy further defines the
+        following discontinuous variations of the default 'linear' (7.) option:
+
+        * 'lower'
+        * 'higher',
+        * 'midpoint'
+        * 'nearest'
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.22.0
+            This argument was previously called "interpolation" and only
+            offered the "linear" default and last four options.
+
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left in
+        the result as dimensions with size one. With this option, the
+        result will broadcast correctly against the original array `a`.
+
+        If this is anything but the default value it will be passed
+        through (in the special case of an empty array) to the
+        `mean` function of the underlying array.  If the array is
+        a sub-class and `mean` does not have the kwarg `keepdims` this
+        will raise a RuntimeError.
+
+    interpolation : str, optional
+        Deprecated name for the method keyword argument.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    percentile : scalar or ndarray
+        If `q` is a single percentile and `axis=None`, then the result
+        is a scalar. If multiple percentiles are given, first axis of
+        the result corresponds to the percentiles. The other axes are
+        the axes that remain after the reduction of `a`. If the input
+        contains integers or floats smaller than ``float64``, the output
+        data-type is ``float64``. Otherwise, the output data-type is the
+        same as that of the input. If `out` is specified, that array is
+        returned instead.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    nanmean
+    nanmedian : equivalent to ``nanpercentile(..., 50)``
+    percentile, median, mean
+    nanquantile : equivalent to nanpercentile, except q in range [0, 1].
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For more information please see `numpy.percentile`
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[10., 7., 4.], [3., 2., 1.]])
+    >>> a[0][1] = np.nan
+    >>> a
+    array([[10.,  nan,   4.],
+          [ 3.,   2.,   1.]])
+    >>> np.percentile(a, 50)
+    nan
+    >>> np.nanpercentile(a, 50)
+    3.0
+    >>> np.nanpercentile(a, 50, axis=0)
+    array([6.5, 2. , 2.5])
+    >>> np.nanpercentile(a, 50, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    array([[7.],
+           [2.]])
+    >>> m = np.nanpercentile(a, 50, axis=0)
+    >>> out = np.zeros_like(m)
+    >>> np.nanpercentile(a, 50, axis=0, out=out)
+    array([6.5, 2. , 2.5])
+    >>> m
+    array([6.5,  2. ,  2.5])
+
+    >>> b = a.copy()
+    >>> np.nanpercentile(b, 50, axis=1, overwrite_input=True)
+    array([7., 2.])
+    >>> assert not np.all(a==b)
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] R. J. Hyndman and Y. Fan,
+       "Sample quantiles in statistical packages,"
+       The American Statistician, 50(4), pp. 361-365, 1996
+
+    """
+    if interpolation is not None:
+        method = function_base._check_interpolation_as_method(
+            method, interpolation, "nanpercentile")
+
+    a = np.asanyarray(a)
+    if a.dtype.kind == "c":
+        raise TypeError("a must be an array of real numbers")
+
+    q = np.true_divide(q, 100.0)
+    # undo any decay that the ufunc performed (see gh-13105)
+    q = np.asanyarray(q)
+    if not function_base._quantile_is_valid(q):
+        raise ValueError("Percentiles must be in the range [0, 100]")
+    return _nanquantile_unchecked(
+        a, q, axis, out, overwrite_input, method, keepdims)
+
+
+def _nanquantile_dispatcher(a, q, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=None,
+                            method=None, keepdims=None, *, interpolation=None):
+    return (a, q, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nanquantile_dispatcher)
+def nanquantile(
+        a,
+        q,
+        axis=None,
+        out=None,
+        overwrite_input=False,
+        method="linear",
+        keepdims=np._NoValue,
+        *,
+        interpolation=None,
+):
+    """
+    Compute the qth quantile of the data along the specified axis,
+    while ignoring nan values.
+    Returns the qth quantile(s) of the array elements.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.15.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array or object that can be converted to an array, containing
+        nan values to be ignored
+    q : array_like of float
+        Probability or sequence of probabilities for the quantiles to compute.
+        Values must be between 0 and 1 inclusive.
+    axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the quantiles are computed. The
+        default is to compute the quantile(s) along a flattened
+        version of the array.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must
+        have the same shape and buffer length as the expected output,
+        but the type (of the output) will be cast if necessary.
+    overwrite_input : bool, optional
+        If True, then allow the input array `a` to be modified by intermediate
+        calculations, to save memory. In this case, the contents of the input
+        `a` after this function completes is undefined.
+    method : str, optional
+        This parameter specifies the method to use for estimating the
+        quantile.  There are many different methods, some unique to NumPy.
+        See the notes for explanation.  The options sorted by their R type
+        as summarized in the H&F paper [1]_ are:
+
+        1. 'inverted_cdf'
+        2. 'averaged_inverted_cdf'
+        3. 'closest_observation'
+        4. 'interpolated_inverted_cdf'
+        5. 'hazen'
+        6. 'weibull'
+        7. 'linear'  (default)
+        8. 'median_unbiased'
+        9. 'normal_unbiased'
+
+        The first three methods are discontinuous.  NumPy further defines the
+        following discontinuous variations of the default 'linear' (7.) option:
+
+        * 'lower'
+        * 'higher',
+        * 'midpoint'
+        * 'nearest'
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.22.0
+            This argument was previously called "interpolation" and only
+            offered the "linear" default and last four options.
+
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left in
+        the result as dimensions with size one. With this option, the
+        result will broadcast correctly against the original array `a`.
+
+        If this is anything but the default value it will be passed
+        through (in the special case of an empty array) to the
+        `mean` function of the underlying array.  If the array is
+        a sub-class and `mean` does not have the kwarg `keepdims` this
+        will raise a RuntimeError.
+
+    interpolation : str, optional
+        Deprecated name for the method keyword argument.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    quantile : scalar or ndarray
+        If `q` is a single probability and `axis=None`, then the result
+        is a scalar. If multiple probability levels are given, first axis of
+        the result corresponds to the quantiles. The other axes are
+        the axes that remain after the reduction of `a`. If the input
+        contains integers or floats smaller than ``float64``, the output
+        data-type is ``float64``. Otherwise, the output data-type is the
+        same as that of the input. If `out` is specified, that array is
+        returned instead.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    quantile
+    nanmean, nanmedian
+    nanmedian : equivalent to ``nanquantile(..., 0.5)``
+    nanpercentile : same as nanquantile, but with q in the range [0, 100].
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For more information please see `numpy.quantile`
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[10., 7., 4.], [3., 2., 1.]])
+    >>> a[0][1] = np.nan
+    >>> a
+    array([[10.,  nan,   4.],
+          [ 3.,   2.,   1.]])
+    >>> np.quantile(a, 0.5)
+    nan
+    >>> np.nanquantile(a, 0.5)
+    3.0
+    >>> np.nanquantile(a, 0.5, axis=0)
+    array([6.5, 2. , 2.5])
+    >>> np.nanquantile(a, 0.5, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    array([[7.],
+           [2.]])
+    >>> m = np.nanquantile(a, 0.5, axis=0)
+    >>> out = np.zeros_like(m)
+    >>> np.nanquantile(a, 0.5, axis=0, out=out)
+    array([6.5, 2. , 2.5])
+    >>> m
+    array([6.5,  2. ,  2.5])
+    >>> b = a.copy()
+    >>> np.nanquantile(b, 0.5, axis=1, overwrite_input=True)
+    array([7., 2.])
+    >>> assert not np.all(a==b)
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] R. J. Hyndman and Y. Fan,
+       "Sample quantiles in statistical packages,"
+       The American Statistician, 50(4), pp. 361-365, 1996
+
+    """
+
+    if interpolation is not None:
+        method = function_base._check_interpolation_as_method(
+            method, interpolation, "nanquantile")
+
+    a = np.asanyarray(a)
+    if a.dtype.kind == "c":
+        raise TypeError("a must be an array of real numbers")
+
+    q = np.asanyarray(q)
+    if not function_base._quantile_is_valid(q):
+        raise ValueError("Quantiles must be in the range [0, 1]")
+    return _nanquantile_unchecked(
+        a, q, axis, out, overwrite_input, method, keepdims)
+
+
+def _nanquantile_unchecked(
+        a,
+        q,
+        axis=None,
+        out=None,
+        overwrite_input=False,
+        method="linear",
+        keepdims=np._NoValue,
+):
+    """Assumes that q is in [0, 1], and is an ndarray"""
+    # apply_along_axis in _nanpercentile doesn't handle empty arrays well,
+    # so deal them upfront
+    if a.size == 0:
+        return np.nanmean(a, axis, out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
+    return function_base._ureduce(a,
+                                  func=_nanquantile_ureduce_func,
+                                  q=q,
+                                  keepdims=keepdims,
+                                  axis=axis,
+                                  out=out,
+                                  overwrite_input=overwrite_input,
+                                  method=method)
+
+
+def _nanquantile_ureduce_func(a, q, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=False,
+                              method="linear"):
+    """
+    Private function that doesn't support extended axis or keepdims.
+    These methods are extended to this function using _ureduce
+    See nanpercentile for parameter usage
+    """
+    if axis is None or a.ndim == 1:
+        part = a.ravel()
+        result = _nanquantile_1d(part, q, overwrite_input, method)
+    else:
+        result = np.apply_along_axis(_nanquantile_1d, axis, a, q,
+                                     overwrite_input, method)
+        # apply_along_axis fills in collapsed axis with results.
+        # Move that axis to the beginning to match percentile's
+        # convention.
+        if q.ndim != 0:
+            result = np.moveaxis(result, axis, 0)
+
+    if out is not None:
+        out[...] = result
+    return result
+
+
+def _nanquantile_1d(arr1d, q, overwrite_input=False, method="linear"):
+    """
+    Private function for rank 1 arrays. Compute quantile ignoring NaNs.
+    See nanpercentile for parameter usage
+    """
+    arr1d, overwrite_input = _remove_nan_1d(arr1d,
+        overwrite_input=overwrite_input)
+    if arr1d.size == 0:
+        # convert to scalar
+        return np.full(q.shape, np.nan, dtype=arr1d.dtype)[()]
+
+    return function_base._quantile_unchecked(
+        arr1d, q, overwrite_input=overwrite_input, method=method)
+
+
+def _nanvar_dispatcher(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=None,
+                       keepdims=None, *, where=None):
+    return (a, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nanvar_dispatcher)
+def nanvar(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=0, keepdims=np._NoValue,
+           *, where=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Compute the variance along the specified axis, while ignoring NaNs.
+
+    Returns the variance of the array elements, a measure of the spread of
+    a distribution.  The variance is computed for the flattened array by
+    default, otherwise over the specified axis.
+
+    For all-NaN slices or slices with zero degrees of freedom, NaN is
+    returned and a `RuntimeWarning` is raised.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Array containing numbers whose variance is desired.  If `a` is not an
+        array, a conversion is attempted.
+    axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the variance is computed.  The default is to compute
+        the variance of the flattened array.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        Type to use in computing the variance.  For arrays of integer type
+        the default is `float64`; for arrays of float types it is the same as
+        the array type.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternate output array in which to place the result.  It must have
+        the same shape as the expected output, but the type is cast if
+        necessary.
+    ddof : int, optional
+        "Delta Degrees of Freedom": the divisor used in the calculation is
+        ``N - ddof``, where ``N`` represents the number of non-NaN
+        elements. By default `ddof` is zero.
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the original `a`.
+    where : array_like of bool, optional
+        Elements to include in the variance. See `~numpy.ufunc.reduce` for
+        details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    variance : ndarray, see dtype parameter above
+        If `out` is None, return a new array containing the variance,
+        otherwise return a reference to the output array. If ddof is >= the
+        number of non-NaN elements in a slice or the slice contains only
+        NaNs, then the result for that slice is NaN.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    std : Standard deviation
+    mean : Average
+    var : Variance while not ignoring NaNs
+    nanstd, nanmean
+    :ref:`ufuncs-output-type`
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The variance is the average of the squared deviations from the mean,
+    i.e.,  ``var = mean(abs(x - x.mean())**2)``.
+
+    The mean is normally calculated as ``x.sum() / N``, where ``N = len(x)``.
+    If, however, `ddof` is specified, the divisor ``N - ddof`` is used
+    instead.  In standard statistical practice, ``ddof=1`` provides an
+    unbiased estimator of the variance of a hypothetical infinite
+    population.  ``ddof=0`` provides a maximum likelihood estimate of the
+    variance for normally distributed variables.
+
+    Note that for complex numbers, the absolute value is taken before
+    squaring, so that the result is always real and nonnegative.
+
+    For floating-point input, the variance is computed using the same
+    precision the input has.  Depending on the input data, this can cause
+    the results to be inaccurate, especially for `float32` (see example
+    below).  Specifying a higher-accuracy accumulator using the ``dtype``
+    keyword can alleviate this issue.
+
+    For this function to work on sub-classes of ndarray, they must define
+    `sum` with the kwarg `keepdims`
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, np.nan], [3, 4]])
+    >>> np.nanvar(a)
+    1.5555555555555554
+    >>> np.nanvar(a, axis=0)
+    array([1.,  0.])
+    >>> np.nanvar(a, axis=1)
+    array([0.,  0.25])  # may vary
+
+    """
+    arr, mask = _replace_nan(a, 0)
+    if mask is None:
+        return np.var(arr, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, ddof=ddof,
+                      keepdims=keepdims, where=where)
+
+    if dtype is not None:
+        dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+    if dtype is not None and not issubclass(dtype.type, np.inexact):
+        raise TypeError("If a is inexact, then dtype must be inexact")
+    if out is not None and not issubclass(out.dtype.type, np.inexact):
+        raise TypeError("If a is inexact, then out must be inexact")
+
+    # Compute mean
+    if type(arr) is np.matrix:
+        _keepdims = np._NoValue
+    else:
+        _keepdims = True
+    # we need to special case matrix for reverse compatibility
+    # in order for this to work, these sums need to be called with
+    # keepdims=True, however matrix now raises an error in this case, but
+    # the reason that it drops the keepdims kwarg is to force keepdims=True
+    # so this used to work by serendipity.
+    cnt = np.sum(~mask, axis=axis, dtype=np.intp, keepdims=_keepdims,
+                 where=where)
+    avg = np.sum(arr, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, keepdims=_keepdims, where=where)
+    avg = _divide_by_count(avg, cnt)
+
+    # Compute squared deviation from mean.
+    np.subtract(arr, avg, out=arr, casting='unsafe', where=where)
+    arr = _copyto(arr, 0, mask)
+    if issubclass(arr.dtype.type, np.complexfloating):
+        sqr = np.multiply(arr, arr.conj(), out=arr, where=where).real
+    else:
+        sqr = np.multiply(arr, arr, out=arr, where=where)
+
+    # Compute variance.
+    var = np.sum(sqr, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, keepdims=keepdims,
+                 where=where)
+
+    # Precaution against reduced object arrays
+    try:
+        var_ndim = var.ndim
+    except AttributeError:
+        var_ndim = np.ndim(var)
+    if var_ndim < cnt.ndim:
+        # Subclasses of ndarray may ignore keepdims, so check here.
+        cnt = cnt.squeeze(axis)
+    dof = cnt - ddof
+    var = _divide_by_count(var, dof)
+
+    isbad = (dof <= 0)
+    if np.any(isbad):
+        warnings.warn("Degrees of freedom <= 0 for slice.", RuntimeWarning,
+                      stacklevel=2)
+        # NaN, inf, or negative numbers are all possible bad
+        # values, so explicitly replace them with NaN.
+        var = _copyto(var, np.nan, isbad)
+    return var
+
+
+def _nanstd_dispatcher(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=None,
+                       keepdims=None, *, where=None):
+    return (a, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nanstd_dispatcher)
+def nanstd(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=0, keepdims=np._NoValue,
+           *, where=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Compute the standard deviation along the specified axis, while
+    ignoring NaNs.
+
+    Returns the standard deviation, a measure of the spread of a
+    distribution, of the non-NaN array elements. The standard deviation is
+    computed for the flattened array by default, otherwise over the
+    specified axis.
+
+    For all-NaN slices or slices with zero degrees of freedom, NaN is
+    returned and a `RuntimeWarning` is raised.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Calculate the standard deviation of the non-NaN values.
+    axis : {int, tuple of int, None}, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the standard deviation is computed. The default is
+        to compute the standard deviation of the flattened array.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+        Type to use in computing the standard deviation. For arrays of
+        integer type the default is float64, for arrays of float types it
+        is the same as the array type.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must have
+        the same shape as the expected output but the type (of the
+        calculated values) will be cast if necessary.
+    ddof : int, optional
+        Means Delta Degrees of Freedom.  The divisor used in calculations
+        is ``N - ddof``, where ``N`` represents the number of non-NaN
+        elements.  By default `ddof` is zero.
+
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the original `a`.
+
+        If this value is anything but the default it is passed through
+        as-is to the relevant functions of the sub-classes.  If these
+        functions do not have a `keepdims` kwarg, a RuntimeError will
+        be raised.
+    where : array_like of bool, optional
+        Elements to include in the standard deviation.
+        See `~numpy.ufunc.reduce` for details.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.22.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    standard_deviation : ndarray, see dtype parameter above.
+        If `out` is None, return a new array containing the standard
+        deviation, otherwise return a reference to the output array. If
+        ddof is >= the number of non-NaN elements in a slice or the slice
+        contains only NaNs, then the result for that slice is NaN.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    var, mean, std
+    nanvar, nanmean
+    :ref:`ufuncs-output-type`
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The standard deviation is the square root of the average of the squared
+    deviations from the mean: ``std = sqrt(mean(abs(x - x.mean())**2))``.
+
+    The average squared deviation is normally calculated as
+    ``x.sum() / N``, where ``N = len(x)``.  If, however, `ddof` is
+    specified, the divisor ``N - ddof`` is used instead. In standard
+    statistical practice, ``ddof=1`` provides an unbiased estimator of the
+    variance of the infinite population. ``ddof=0`` provides a maximum
+    likelihood estimate of the variance for normally distributed variables.
+    The standard deviation computed in this function is the square root of
+    the estimated variance, so even with ``ddof=1``, it will not be an
+    unbiased estimate of the standard deviation per se.
+
+    Note that, for complex numbers, `std` takes the absolute value before
+    squaring, so that the result is always real and nonnegative.
+
+    For floating-point input, the *std* is computed using the same
+    precision the input has. Depending on the input data, this can cause
+    the results to be inaccurate, especially for float32 (see example
+    below).  Specifying a higher-accuracy accumulator using the `dtype`
+    keyword can alleviate this issue.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, np.nan], [3, 4]])
+    >>> np.nanstd(a)
+    1.247219128924647
+    >>> np.nanstd(a, axis=0)
+    array([1., 0.])
+    >>> np.nanstd(a, axis=1)
+    array([0.,  0.5]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    var = nanvar(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, ddof=ddof,
+                 keepdims=keepdims, where=where)
+    if isinstance(var, np.ndarray):
+        std = np.sqrt(var, out=var)
+    elif hasattr(var, 'dtype'):
+        std = var.dtype.type(np.sqrt(var))
+    else:
+        std = np.sqrt(var)
+    return std
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/nanfunctions.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/nanfunctions.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8642055fedd2e5b851c656efd563453e8bd94bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/nanfunctions.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from numpy.core.fromnumeric import (
+    amin,
+    amax,
+    argmin,
+    argmax,
+    sum,
+    prod,
+    cumsum,
+    cumprod,
+    mean,
+    var,
+    std
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.function_base import (
+    median,
+    percentile,
+    quantile,
+)
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+# NOTE: In reaility these functions are not aliases but distinct functions
+# with identical signatures.
+nanmin = amin
+nanmax = amax
+nanargmin = argmin
+nanargmax = argmax
+nansum = sum
+nanprod = prod
+nancumsum = cumsum
+nancumprod = cumprod
+nanmean = mean
+nanvar = var
+nanstd = std
+nanmedian = median
+nanpercentile = percentile
+nanquantile = quantile
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/npyio.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/npyio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..339b1dc6211377442f7c01b78c8b3c65c65be2b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/npyio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2547 @@
+import os
+import re
+import functools
+import itertools
+import warnings
+import weakref
+import contextlib
+import operator
+from operator import itemgetter, index as opindex, methodcaller
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+
+import numpy as np
+from . import format
+from ._datasource import DataSource
+from numpy.core import overrides
+from numpy.core.multiarray import packbits, unpackbits
+from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import _load_from_filelike
+from numpy.core.overrides import set_array_function_like_doc, set_module
+from ._iotools import (
+    LineSplitter, NameValidator, StringConverter, ConverterError,
+    ConverterLockError, ConversionWarning, _is_string_like,
+    has_nested_fields, flatten_dtype, easy_dtype, _decode_line
+    )
+
+from numpy.compat import (
+    asbytes, asstr, asunicode, os_fspath, os_PathLike,
+    pickle
+    )
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'savetxt', 'loadtxt', 'genfromtxt',
+    'recfromtxt', 'recfromcsv', 'load', 'save', 'savez',
+    'savez_compressed', 'packbits', 'unpackbits', 'fromregex', 'DataSource'
+    ]
+
+
+array_function_dispatch = functools.partial(
+    overrides.array_function_dispatch, module='numpy')
+
+
+class BagObj:
+    """
+    BagObj(obj)
+
+    Convert attribute look-ups to getitems on the object passed in.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    obj : class instance
+        Object on which attribute look-up is performed.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.lib.npyio import BagObj as BO
+    >>> class BagDemo:
+    ...     def __getitem__(self, key): # An instance of BagObj(BagDemo)
+    ...                                 # will call this method when any
+    ...                                 # attribute look-up is required
+    ...         result = "Doesn't matter what you want, "
+    ...         return result + "you're gonna get this"
+    ...
+    >>> demo_obj = BagDemo()
+    >>> bagobj = BO(demo_obj)
+    >>> bagobj.hello_there
+    "Doesn't matter what you want, you're gonna get this"
+    >>> bagobj.I_can_be_anything
+    "Doesn't matter what you want, you're gonna get this"
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, obj):
+        # Use weakref to make NpzFile objects collectable by refcount
+        self._obj = weakref.proxy(obj)
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, key):
+        try:
+            return object.__getattribute__(self, '_obj')[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError(key) from None
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        """
+        Enables dir(bagobj) to list the files in an NpzFile.
+
+        This also enables tab-completion in an interpreter or IPython.
+        """
+        return list(object.__getattribute__(self, '_obj').keys())
+
+
+def zipfile_factory(file, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Create a ZipFile.
+
+    Allows for Zip64, and the `file` argument can accept file, str, or
+    pathlib.Path objects. `args` and `kwargs` are passed to the zipfile.ZipFile
+    constructor.
+    """
+    if not hasattr(file, 'read'):
+        file = os_fspath(file)
+    import zipfile
+    kwargs['allowZip64'] = True
+    return zipfile.ZipFile(file, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class NpzFile(Mapping):
+    """
+    NpzFile(fid)
+
+    A dictionary-like object with lazy-loading of files in the zipped
+    archive provided on construction.
+
+    `NpzFile` is used to load files in the NumPy ``.npz`` data archive
+    format. It assumes that files in the archive have a ``.npy`` extension,
+    other files are ignored.
+
+    The arrays and file strings are lazily loaded on either
+    getitem access using ``obj['key']`` or attribute lookup using
+    ``obj.f.key``. A list of all files (without ``.npy`` extensions) can
+    be obtained with ``obj.files`` and the ZipFile object itself using
+    ``obj.zip``.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    files : list of str
+        List of all files in the archive with a ``.npy`` extension.
+    zip : ZipFile instance
+        The ZipFile object initialized with the zipped archive.
+    f : BagObj instance
+        An object on which attribute can be performed as an alternative
+        to getitem access on the `NpzFile` instance itself.
+    allow_pickle : bool, optional
+        Allow loading pickled data. Default: False
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.16.3
+            Made default False in response to CVE-2019-6446.
+
+    pickle_kwargs : dict, optional
+        Additional keyword arguments to pass on to pickle.load.
+        These are only useful when loading object arrays saved on
+        Python 2 when using Python 3.
+    max_header_size : int, optional
+        Maximum allowed size of the header.  Large headers may not be safe
+        to load securely and thus require explicitly passing a larger value.
+        See :py:func:`ast.literal_eval()` for details.
+        This option is ignored when `allow_pickle` is passed.  In that case
+        the file is by definition trusted and the limit is unnecessary.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fid : file or str
+        The zipped archive to open. This is either a file-like object
+        or a string containing the path to the archive.
+    own_fid : bool, optional
+        Whether NpzFile should close the file handle.
+        Requires that `fid` is a file-like object.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from tempfile import TemporaryFile
+    >>> outfile = TemporaryFile()
+    >>> x = np.arange(10)
+    >>> y = np.sin(x)
+    >>> np.savez(outfile, x=x, y=y)
+    >>> _ = outfile.seek(0)
+
+    >>> npz = np.load(outfile)
+    >>> isinstance(npz, np.lib.npyio.NpzFile)
+    True
+    >>> npz
+    NpzFile 'object' with keys x, y
+    >>> sorted(npz.files)
+    ['x', 'y']
+    >>> npz['x']  # getitem access
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+    >>> npz.f.x  # attribute lookup
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+
+    """
+    # Make __exit__ safe if zipfile_factory raises an exception
+    zip = None
+    fid = None
+    _MAX_REPR_ARRAY_COUNT = 5
+
+    def __init__(self, fid, own_fid=False, allow_pickle=False,
+                 pickle_kwargs=None, *,
+                 max_header_size=format._MAX_HEADER_SIZE):
+        # Import is postponed to here since zipfile depends on gzip, an
+        # optional component of the so-called standard library.
+        _zip = zipfile_factory(fid)
+        self._files = _zip.namelist()
+        self.files = []
+        self.allow_pickle = allow_pickle
+        self.max_header_size = max_header_size
+        self.pickle_kwargs = pickle_kwargs
+        for x in self._files:
+            if x.endswith('.npy'):
+                self.files.append(x[:-4])
+            else:
+                self.files.append(x)
+        self.zip = _zip
+        self.f = BagObj(self)
+        if own_fid:
+            self.fid = fid
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        self.close()
+
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Close the file.
+
+        """
+        if self.zip is not None:
+            self.zip.close()
+            self.zip = None
+        if self.fid is not None:
+            self.fid.close()
+            self.fid = None
+        self.f = None  # break reference cycle
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        self.close()
+
+    # Implement the Mapping ABC
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self.files)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.files)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        # FIXME: This seems like it will copy strings around
+        #   more than is strictly necessary.  The zipfile
+        #   will read the string and then
+        #   the format.read_array will copy the string
+        #   to another place in memory.
+        #   It would be better if the zipfile could read
+        #   (or at least uncompress) the data
+        #   directly into the array memory.
+        member = False
+        if key in self._files:
+            member = True
+        elif key in self.files:
+            member = True
+            key += '.npy'
+        if member:
+            bytes = self.zip.open(key)
+            magic = bytes.read(len(format.MAGIC_PREFIX))
+            bytes.close()
+            if magic == format.MAGIC_PREFIX:
+                bytes = self.zip.open(key)
+                return format.read_array(bytes,
+                                         allow_pickle=self.allow_pickle,
+                                         pickle_kwargs=self.pickle_kwargs,
+                                         max_header_size=self.max_header_size)
+            else:
+                return self.zip.read(key)
+        else:
+            raise KeyError(f"{key} is not a file in the archive")
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return (key in self._files or key in self.files)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        # Get filename or default to `object`
+        if isinstance(self.fid, str):
+            filename = self.fid
+        else:
+            filename = getattr(self.fid, "name", "object")
+
+        # Get the name of arrays
+        array_names = ', '.join(self.files[:self._MAX_REPR_ARRAY_COUNT])
+        if len(self.files) > self._MAX_REPR_ARRAY_COUNT:
+            array_names += "..."
+        return f"NpzFile {filename!r} with keys: {array_names}"
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def load(file, mmap_mode=None, allow_pickle=False, fix_imports=True,
+         encoding='ASCII', *, max_header_size=format._MAX_HEADER_SIZE):
+    """
+    Load arrays or pickled objects from ``.npy``, ``.npz`` or pickled files.
+
+    .. warning:: Loading files that contain object arrays uses the ``pickle``
+                 module, which is not secure against erroneous or maliciously
+                 constructed data. Consider passing ``allow_pickle=False`` to
+                 load data that is known not to contain object arrays for the
+                 safer handling of untrusted sources.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    file : file-like object, string, or pathlib.Path
+        The file to read. File-like objects must support the
+        ``seek()`` and ``read()`` methods and must always
+        be opened in binary mode.  Pickled files require that the
+        file-like object support the ``readline()`` method as well.
+    mmap_mode : {None, 'r+', 'r', 'w+', 'c'}, optional
+        If not None, then memory-map the file, using the given mode (see
+        `numpy.memmap` for a detailed description of the modes).  A
+        memory-mapped array is kept on disk. However, it can be accessed
+        and sliced like any ndarray.  Memory mapping is especially useful
+        for accessing small fragments of large files without reading the
+        entire file into memory.
+    allow_pickle : bool, optional
+        Allow loading pickled object arrays stored in npy files. Reasons for
+        disallowing pickles include security, as loading pickled data can
+        execute arbitrary code. If pickles are disallowed, loading object
+        arrays will fail. Default: False
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.16.3
+            Made default False in response to CVE-2019-6446.
+
+    fix_imports : bool, optional
+        Only useful when loading Python 2 generated pickled files on Python 3,
+        which includes npy/npz files containing object arrays. If `fix_imports`
+        is True, pickle will try to map the old Python 2 names to the new names
+        used in Python 3.
+    encoding : str, optional
+        What encoding to use when reading Python 2 strings. Only useful when
+        loading Python 2 generated pickled files in Python 3, which includes
+        npy/npz files containing object arrays. Values other than 'latin1',
+        'ASCII', and 'bytes' are not allowed, as they can corrupt numerical
+        data. Default: 'ASCII'
+    max_header_size : int, optional
+        Maximum allowed size of the header.  Large headers may not be safe
+        to load securely and thus require explicitly passing a larger value.
+        See :py:func:`ast.literal_eval()` for details.
+        This option is ignored when `allow_pickle` is passed.  In that case
+        the file is by definition trusted and the limit is unnecessary.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : array, tuple, dict, etc.
+        Data stored in the file. For ``.npz`` files, the returned instance
+        of NpzFile class must be closed to avoid leaking file descriptors.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    OSError
+        If the input file does not exist or cannot be read.
+    UnpicklingError
+        If ``allow_pickle=True``, but the file cannot be loaded as a pickle.
+    ValueError
+        The file contains an object array, but ``allow_pickle=False`` given.
+    EOFError
+        When calling ``np.load`` multiple times on the same file handle,
+        if all data has already been read
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    save, savez, savez_compressed, loadtxt
+    memmap : Create a memory-map to an array stored in a file on disk.
+    lib.format.open_memmap : Create or load a memory-mapped ``.npy`` file.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    - If the file contains pickle data, then whatever object is stored
+      in the pickle is returned.
+    - If the file is a ``.npy`` file, then a single array is returned.
+    - If the file is a ``.npz`` file, then a dictionary-like object is
+      returned, containing ``{filename: array}`` key-value pairs, one for
+      each file in the archive.
+    - If the file is a ``.npz`` file, the returned value supports the
+      context manager protocol in a similar fashion to the open function::
+
+        with load('foo.npz') as data:
+            a = data['a']
+
+      The underlying file descriptor is closed when exiting the 'with'
+      block.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Store data to disk, and load it again:
+
+    >>> np.save('/tmp/123', np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]))
+    >>> np.load('/tmp/123.npy')
+    array([[1, 2, 3],
+           [4, 5, 6]])
+
+    Store compressed data to disk, and load it again:
+
+    >>> a=np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
+    >>> b=np.array([1, 2])
+    >>> np.savez('/tmp/123.npz', a=a, b=b)
+    >>> data = np.load('/tmp/123.npz')
+    >>> data['a']
+    array([[1, 2, 3],
+           [4, 5, 6]])
+    >>> data['b']
+    array([1, 2])
+    >>> data.close()
+
+    Mem-map the stored array, and then access the second row
+    directly from disk:
+
+    >>> X = np.load('/tmp/123.npy', mmap_mode='r')
+    >>> X[1, :]
+    memmap([4, 5, 6])
+
+    """
+    if encoding not in ('ASCII', 'latin1', 'bytes'):
+        # The 'encoding' value for pickle also affects what encoding
+        # the serialized binary data of NumPy arrays is loaded
+        # in. Pickle does not pass on the encoding information to
+        # NumPy. The unpickling code in numpy.core.multiarray is
+        # written to assume that unicode data appearing where binary
+        # should be is in 'latin1'. 'bytes' is also safe, as is 'ASCII'.
+        #
+        # Other encoding values can corrupt binary data, and we
+        # purposefully disallow them. For the same reason, the errors=
+        # argument is not exposed, as values other than 'strict'
+        # result can similarly silently corrupt numerical data.
+        raise ValueError("encoding must be 'ASCII', 'latin1', or 'bytes'")
+
+    pickle_kwargs = dict(encoding=encoding, fix_imports=fix_imports)
+
+    with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+        if hasattr(file, 'read'):
+            fid = file
+            own_fid = False
+        else:
+            fid = stack.enter_context(open(os_fspath(file), "rb"))
+            own_fid = True
+
+        # Code to distinguish from NumPy binary files and pickles.
+        _ZIP_PREFIX = b'PK\x03\x04'
+        _ZIP_SUFFIX = b'PK\x05\x06' # empty zip files start with this
+        N = len(format.MAGIC_PREFIX)
+        magic = fid.read(N)
+        if not magic:
+            raise EOFError("No data left in file")
+        # If the file size is less than N, we need to make sure not
+        # to seek past the beginning of the file
+        fid.seek(-min(N, len(magic)), 1)  # back-up
+        if magic.startswith(_ZIP_PREFIX) or magic.startswith(_ZIP_SUFFIX):
+            # zip-file (assume .npz)
+            # Potentially transfer file ownership to NpzFile
+            stack.pop_all()
+            ret = NpzFile(fid, own_fid=own_fid, allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+                          pickle_kwargs=pickle_kwargs,
+                          max_header_size=max_header_size)
+            return ret
+        elif magic == format.MAGIC_PREFIX:
+            # .npy file
+            if mmap_mode:
+                if allow_pickle:
+                    max_header_size = 2**64
+                return format.open_memmap(file, mode=mmap_mode,
+                                          max_header_size=max_header_size)
+            else:
+                return format.read_array(fid, allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+                                         pickle_kwargs=pickle_kwargs,
+                                         max_header_size=max_header_size)
+        else:
+            # Try a pickle
+            if not allow_pickle:
+                raise ValueError("Cannot load file containing pickled data "
+                                 "when allow_pickle=False")
+            try:
+                return pickle.load(fid, **pickle_kwargs)
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise pickle.UnpicklingError(
+                    f"Failed to interpret file {file!r} as a pickle") from e
+
+
+def _save_dispatcher(file, arr, allow_pickle=None, fix_imports=None):
+    return (arr,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_save_dispatcher)
+def save(file, arr, allow_pickle=True, fix_imports=True):
+    """
+    Save an array to a binary file in NumPy ``.npy`` format.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    file : file, str, or pathlib.Path
+        File or filename to which the data is saved.  If file is a file-object,
+        then the filename is unchanged.  If file is a string or Path, a ``.npy``
+        extension will be appended to the filename if it does not already
+        have one.
+    arr : array_like
+        Array data to be saved.
+    allow_pickle : bool, optional
+        Allow saving object arrays using Python pickles. Reasons for disallowing
+        pickles include security (loading pickled data can execute arbitrary
+        code) and portability (pickled objects may not be loadable on different
+        Python installations, for example if the stored objects require libraries
+        that are not available, and not all pickled data is compatible between
+        Python 2 and Python 3).
+        Default: True
+    fix_imports : bool, optional
+        Only useful in forcing objects in object arrays on Python 3 to be
+        pickled in a Python 2 compatible way. If `fix_imports` is True, pickle
+        will try to map the new Python 3 names to the old module names used in
+        Python 2, so that the pickle data stream is readable with Python 2.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    savez : Save several arrays into a ``.npz`` archive
+    savetxt, load
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For a description of the ``.npy`` format, see :py:mod:`numpy.lib.format`.
+
+    Any data saved to the file is appended to the end of the file.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from tempfile import TemporaryFile
+    >>> outfile = TemporaryFile()
+
+    >>> x = np.arange(10)
+    >>> np.save(outfile, x)
+
+    >>> _ = outfile.seek(0) # Only needed here to simulate closing & reopening file
+    >>> np.load(outfile)
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+
+
+    >>> with open('test.npy', 'wb') as f:
+    ...     np.save(f, np.array([1, 2]))
+    ...     np.save(f, np.array([1, 3]))
+    >>> with open('test.npy', 'rb') as f:
+    ...     a = np.load(f)
+    ...     b = np.load(f)
+    >>> print(a, b)
+    # [1 2] [1 3]
+    """
+    if hasattr(file, 'write'):
+        file_ctx = contextlib.nullcontext(file)
+    else:
+        file = os_fspath(file)
+        if not file.endswith('.npy'):
+            file = file + '.npy'
+        file_ctx = open(file, "wb")
+
+    with file_ctx as fid:
+        arr = np.asanyarray(arr)
+        format.write_array(fid, arr, allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+                           pickle_kwargs=dict(fix_imports=fix_imports))
+
+
+def _savez_dispatcher(file, *args, **kwds):
+    yield from args
+    yield from kwds.values()
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_savez_dispatcher)
+def savez(file, *args, **kwds):
+    """Save several arrays into a single file in uncompressed ``.npz`` format.
+
+    Provide arrays as keyword arguments to store them under the
+    corresponding name in the output file: ``savez(fn, x=x, y=y)``.
+
+    If arrays are specified as positional arguments, i.e., ``savez(fn,
+    x, y)``, their names will be `arr_0`, `arr_1`, etc.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    file : str or file
+        Either the filename (string) or an open file (file-like object)
+        where the data will be saved. If file is a string or a Path, the
+        ``.npz`` extension will be appended to the filename if it is not
+        already there.
+    args : Arguments, optional
+        Arrays to save to the file. Please use keyword arguments (see
+        `kwds` below) to assign names to arrays.  Arrays specified as
+        args will be named "arr_0", "arr_1", and so on.
+    kwds : Keyword arguments, optional
+        Arrays to save to the file. Each array will be saved to the
+        output file with its corresponding keyword name.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    None
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    save : Save a single array to a binary file in NumPy format.
+    savetxt : Save an array to a file as plain text.
+    savez_compressed : Save several arrays into a compressed ``.npz`` archive
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The ``.npz`` file format is a zipped archive of files named after the
+    variables they contain.  The archive is not compressed and each file
+    in the archive contains one variable in ``.npy`` format. For a
+    description of the ``.npy`` format, see :py:mod:`numpy.lib.format`.
+
+    When opening the saved ``.npz`` file with `load` a `NpzFile` object is
+    returned. This is a dictionary-like object which can be queried for
+    its list of arrays (with the ``.files`` attribute), and for the arrays
+    themselves.
+
+    Keys passed in `kwds` are used as filenames inside the ZIP archive.
+    Therefore, keys should be valid filenames; e.g., avoid keys that begin with
+    ``/`` or contain ``.``.
+
+    When naming variables with keyword arguments, it is not possible to name a
+    variable ``file``, as this would cause the ``file`` argument to be defined
+    twice in the call to ``savez``.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from tempfile import TemporaryFile
+    >>> outfile = TemporaryFile()
+    >>> x = np.arange(10)
+    >>> y = np.sin(x)
+
+    Using `savez` with \\*args, the arrays are saved with default names.
+
+    >>> np.savez(outfile, x, y)
+    >>> _ = outfile.seek(0) # Only needed here to simulate closing & reopening file
+    >>> npzfile = np.load(outfile)
+    >>> npzfile.files
+    ['arr_0', 'arr_1']
+    >>> npzfile['arr_0']
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+
+    Using `savez` with \\**kwds, the arrays are saved with the keyword names.
+
+    >>> outfile = TemporaryFile()
+    >>> np.savez(outfile, x=x, y=y)
+    >>> _ = outfile.seek(0)
+    >>> npzfile = np.load(outfile)
+    >>> sorted(npzfile.files)
+    ['x', 'y']
+    >>> npzfile['x']
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+
+    """
+    _savez(file, args, kwds, False)
+
+
+def _savez_compressed_dispatcher(file, *args, **kwds):
+    yield from args
+    yield from kwds.values()
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_savez_compressed_dispatcher)
+def savez_compressed(file, *args, **kwds):
+    """
+    Save several arrays into a single file in compressed ``.npz`` format.
+
+    Provide arrays as keyword arguments to store them under the
+    corresponding name in the output file: ``savez(fn, x=x, y=y)``.
+
+    If arrays are specified as positional arguments, i.e., ``savez(fn,
+    x, y)``, their names will be `arr_0`, `arr_1`, etc.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    file : str or file
+        Either the filename (string) or an open file (file-like object)
+        where the data will be saved. If file is a string or a Path, the
+        ``.npz`` extension will be appended to the filename if it is not
+        already there.
+    args : Arguments, optional
+        Arrays to save to the file. Please use keyword arguments (see
+        `kwds` below) to assign names to arrays.  Arrays specified as
+        args will be named "arr_0", "arr_1", and so on.
+    kwds : Keyword arguments, optional
+        Arrays to save to the file. Each array will be saved to the
+        output file with its corresponding keyword name.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    None
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.save : Save a single array to a binary file in NumPy format.
+    numpy.savetxt : Save an array to a file as plain text.
+    numpy.savez : Save several arrays into an uncompressed ``.npz`` file format
+    numpy.load : Load the files created by savez_compressed.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The ``.npz`` file format is a zipped archive of files named after the
+    variables they contain.  The archive is compressed with
+    ``zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED`` and each file in the archive contains one variable
+    in ``.npy`` format. For a description of the ``.npy`` format, see
+    :py:mod:`numpy.lib.format`.
+
+
+    When opening the saved ``.npz`` file with `load` a `NpzFile` object is
+    returned. This is a dictionary-like object which can be queried for
+    its list of arrays (with the ``.files`` attribute), and for the arrays
+    themselves.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> test_array = np.random.rand(3, 2)
+    >>> test_vector = np.random.rand(4)
+    >>> np.savez_compressed('/tmp/123', a=test_array, b=test_vector)
+    >>> loaded = np.load('/tmp/123.npz')
+    >>> print(np.array_equal(test_array, loaded['a']))
+    True
+    >>> print(np.array_equal(test_vector, loaded['b']))
+    True
+
+    """
+    _savez(file, args, kwds, True)
+
+
+def _savez(file, args, kwds, compress, allow_pickle=True, pickle_kwargs=None):
+    # Import is postponed to here since zipfile depends on gzip, an optional
+    # component of the so-called standard library.
+    import zipfile
+
+    if not hasattr(file, 'write'):
+        file = os_fspath(file)
+        if not file.endswith('.npz'):
+            file = file + '.npz'
+
+    namedict = kwds
+    for i, val in enumerate(args):
+        key = 'arr_%d' % i
+        if key in namedict.keys():
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot use un-named variables and keyword %s" % key)
+        namedict[key] = val
+
+    if compress:
+        compression = zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED
+    else:
+        compression = zipfile.ZIP_STORED
+
+    zipf = zipfile_factory(file, mode="w", compression=compression)
+
+    for key, val in namedict.items():
+        fname = key + '.npy'
+        val = np.asanyarray(val)
+        # always force zip64, gh-10776
+        with zipf.open(fname, 'w', force_zip64=True) as fid:
+            format.write_array(fid, val,
+                               allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+                               pickle_kwargs=pickle_kwargs)
+
+    zipf.close()
+
+
+def _ensure_ndmin_ndarray_check_param(ndmin):
+    """Just checks if the param ndmin is supported on
+        _ensure_ndmin_ndarray. It is intended to be used as
+        verification before running anything expensive.
+        e.g. loadtxt, genfromtxt
+    """
+    # Check correctness of the values of `ndmin`
+    if ndmin not in [0, 1, 2]:
+        raise ValueError(f"Illegal value of ndmin keyword: {ndmin}")
+
+def _ensure_ndmin_ndarray(a, *, ndmin: int):
+    """This is a helper function of loadtxt and genfromtxt to ensure
+        proper minimum dimension as requested
+
+        ndim : int. Supported values 1, 2, 3
+                    ^^ whenever this changes, keep in sync with
+                       _ensure_ndmin_ndarray_check_param
+    """
+    # Verify that the array has at least dimensions `ndmin`.
+    # Tweak the size and shape of the arrays - remove extraneous dimensions
+    if a.ndim > ndmin:
+        a = np.squeeze(a)
+    # and ensure we have the minimum number of dimensions asked for
+    # - has to be in this order for the odd case ndmin=1, a.squeeze().ndim=0
+    if a.ndim < ndmin:
+        if ndmin == 1:
+            a = np.atleast_1d(a)
+        elif ndmin == 2:
+            a = np.atleast_2d(a).T
+
+    return a
+
+
+# amount of lines loadtxt reads in one chunk, can be overridden for testing
+_loadtxt_chunksize = 50000
+
+
+def _check_nonneg_int(value, name="argument"):
+    try:
+        operator.index(value)
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"{name} must be an integer") from None
+    if value < 0:
+        raise ValueError(f"{name} must be nonnegative")
+
+
+def _preprocess_comments(iterable, comments, encoding):
+    """
+    Generator that consumes a line iterated iterable and strips out the
+    multiple (or multi-character) comments from lines.
+    This is a pre-processing step to achieve feature parity with loadtxt
+    (we assume that this feature is a nieche feature).
+    """
+    for line in iterable:
+        if isinstance(line, bytes):
+            # Need to handle conversion here, or the splitting would fail
+            line = line.decode(encoding)
+
+        for c in comments:
+            line = line.split(c, 1)[0]
+
+        yield line
+
+
+# The number of rows we read in one go if confronted with a parametric dtype
+_loadtxt_chunksize = 50000
+
+
+def _read(fname, *, delimiter=',', comment='#', quote='"',
+          imaginary_unit='j', usecols=None, skiplines=0,
+          max_rows=None, converters=None, ndmin=None, unpack=False,
+          dtype=np.float64, encoding="bytes"):
+    r"""
+    Read a NumPy array from a text file.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fname : str or file object
+        The filename or the file to be read.
+    delimiter : str, optional
+        Field delimiter of the fields in line of the file.
+        Default is a comma, ','.  If None any sequence of whitespace is
+        considered a delimiter.
+    comment : str or sequence of str or None, optional
+        Character that begins a comment.  All text from the comment
+        character to the end of the line is ignored.
+        Multiple comments or multiple-character comment strings are supported,
+        but may be slower and `quote` must be empty if used.
+        Use None to disable all use of comments.
+    quote : str or None, optional
+        Character that is used to quote string fields. Default is '"'
+        (a double quote). Use None to disable quote support.
+    imaginary_unit : str, optional
+        Character that represent the imaginay unit `sqrt(-1)`.
+        Default is 'j'.
+    usecols : array_like, optional
+        A one-dimensional array of integer column numbers.  These are the
+        columns from the file to be included in the array.  If this value
+        is not given, all the columns are used.
+    skiplines : int, optional
+        Number of lines to skip before interpreting the data in the file.
+    max_rows : int, optional
+        Maximum number of rows of data to read.  Default is to read the
+        entire file.
+    converters : dict or callable, optional
+        A function to parse all columns strings into the desired value, or
+        a dictionary mapping column number to a parser function.
+        E.g. if column 0 is a date string: ``converters = {0: datestr2num}``.
+        Converters can also be used to provide a default value for missing
+        data, e.g. ``converters = lambda s: float(s.strip() or 0)`` will
+        convert empty fields to 0.
+        Default: None
+    ndmin : int, optional
+        Minimum dimension of the array returned.
+        Allowed values are 0, 1 or 2.  Default is 0.
+    unpack : bool, optional
+        If True, the returned array is transposed, so that arguments may be
+        unpacked using ``x, y, z = read(...)``.  When used with a structured
+        data-type, arrays are returned for each field.  Default is False.
+    dtype : numpy data type
+        A NumPy dtype instance, can be a structured dtype to map to the
+        columns of the file.
+    encoding : str, optional
+        Encoding used to decode the inputfile. The special value 'bytes'
+        (the default) enables backwards-compatible behavior for `converters`,
+        ensuring that inputs to the converter functions are encoded
+        bytes objects. The special value 'bytes' has no additional effect if
+        ``converters=None``. If encoding is ``'bytes'`` or ``None``, the
+        default system encoding is used.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ndarray
+        NumPy array.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    First we create a file for the example.
+
+    >>> s1 = '1.0,2.0,3.0\n4.0,5.0,6.0\n'
+    >>> with open('example1.csv', 'w') as f:
+    ...     f.write(s1)
+    >>> a1 = read_from_filename('example1.csv')
+    >>> a1
+    array([[1., 2., 3.],
+           [4., 5., 6.]])
+
+    The second example has columns with different data types, so a
+    one-dimensional array with a structured data type is returned.
+    The tab character is used as the field delimiter.
+
+    >>> s2 = '1.0\t10\talpha\n2.3\t25\tbeta\n4.5\t16\tgamma\n'
+    >>> with open('example2.tsv', 'w') as f:
+    ...     f.write(s2)
+    >>> a2 = read_from_filename('example2.tsv', delimiter='\t')
+    >>> a2
+    array([(1. , 10, b'alpha'), (2.3, 25, b'beta'), (4.5, 16, b'gamma')],
+          dtype=[('f0', '= 0:
+                    max_rows -= chunk_size
+                if len(next_arr) < chunk_size:
+                    # There was less data than requested, so we are done.
+                    break
+
+            # Need at least one chunk, but if empty, the last one may have
+            # the wrong shape.
+            if len(chunks) > 1 and len(chunks[-1]) == 0:
+                del chunks[-1]
+            if len(chunks) == 1:
+                arr = chunks[0]
+            else:
+                arr = np.concatenate(chunks, axis=0)
+
+    # NOTE: ndmin works as advertised for structured dtypes, but normally
+    #       these would return a 1D result plus the structured dimension,
+    #       so ndmin=2 adds a third dimension even when no squeezing occurs.
+    #       A `squeeze=False` could be a better solution (pandas uses squeeze).
+    arr = _ensure_ndmin_ndarray(arr, ndmin=ndmin)
+
+    if arr.shape:
+        if arr.shape[0] == 0:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'loadtxt: input contained no data: "{fname}"',
+                category=UserWarning,
+                stacklevel=3
+            )
+
+    if unpack:
+        # Unpack structured dtypes if requested:
+        dt = arr.dtype
+        if dt.names is not None:
+            # For structured arrays, return an array for each field.
+            return [arr[field] for field in dt.names]
+        else:
+            return arr.T
+    else:
+        return arr
+
+
+@set_array_function_like_doc
+@set_module('numpy')
+def loadtxt(fname, dtype=float, comments='#', delimiter=None,
+            converters=None, skiprows=0, usecols=None, unpack=False,
+            ndmin=0, encoding='bytes', max_rows=None, *, quotechar=None,
+            like=None):
+    r"""
+    Load data from a text file.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fname : file, str, pathlib.Path, list of str, generator
+        File, filename, list, or generator to read.  If the filename
+        extension is ``.gz`` or ``.bz2``, the file is first decompressed. Note
+        that generators must return bytes or strings. The strings
+        in a list or produced by a generator are treated as lines.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        Data-type of the resulting array; default: float.  If this is a
+        structured data-type, the resulting array will be 1-dimensional, and
+        each row will be interpreted as an element of the array.  In this
+        case, the number of columns used must match the number of fields in
+        the data-type.
+    comments : str or sequence of str or None, optional
+        The characters or list of characters used to indicate the start of a
+        comment. None implies no comments. For backwards compatibility, byte
+        strings will be decoded as 'latin1'. The default is '#'.
+    delimiter : str, optional
+        The character used to separate the values. For backwards compatibility,
+        byte strings will be decoded as 'latin1'. The default is whitespace.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.23.0
+           Only single character delimiters are supported. Newline characters
+           cannot be used as the delimiter.
+
+    converters : dict or callable, optional
+        Converter functions to customize value parsing. If `converters` is
+        callable, the function is applied to all columns, else it must be a
+        dict that maps column number to a parser function.
+        See examples for further details.
+        Default: None.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.23.0
+           The ability to pass a single callable to be applied to all columns
+           was added.
+
+    skiprows : int, optional
+        Skip the first `skiprows` lines, including comments; default: 0.
+    usecols : int or sequence, optional
+        Which columns to read, with 0 being the first. For example,
+        ``usecols = (1,4,5)`` will extract the 2nd, 5th and 6th columns.
+        The default, None, results in all columns being read.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.11.0
+            When a single column has to be read it is possible to use
+            an integer instead of a tuple. E.g ``usecols = 3`` reads the
+            fourth column the same way as ``usecols = (3,)`` would.
+    unpack : bool, optional
+        If True, the returned array is transposed, so that arguments may be
+        unpacked using ``x, y, z = loadtxt(...)``.  When used with a
+        structured data-type, arrays are returned for each field.
+        Default is False.
+    ndmin : int, optional
+        The returned array will have at least `ndmin` dimensions.
+        Otherwise mono-dimensional axes will be squeezed.
+        Legal values: 0 (default), 1 or 2.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+    encoding : str, optional
+        Encoding used to decode the inputfile. Does not apply to input streams.
+        The special value 'bytes' enables backward compatibility workarounds
+        that ensures you receive byte arrays as results if possible and passes
+        'latin1' encoded strings to converters. Override this value to receive
+        unicode arrays and pass strings as input to converters.  If set to None
+        the system default is used. The default value is 'bytes'.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.14.0
+    max_rows : int, optional
+        Read `max_rows` rows of content after `skiprows` lines. The default is
+        to read all the rows. Note that empty rows containing no data such as
+        empty lines and comment lines are not counted towards `max_rows`,
+        while such lines are counted in `skiprows`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.16.0
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.23.0
+            Lines containing no data, including comment lines (e.g., lines
+            starting with '#' or as specified via `comments`) are not counted
+            towards `max_rows`.
+    quotechar : unicode character or None, optional
+        The character used to denote the start and end of a quoted item.
+        Occurrences of the delimiter or comment characters are ignored within
+        a quoted item. The default value is ``quotechar=None``, which means
+        quoting support is disabled.
+
+        If two consecutive instances of `quotechar` are found within a quoted
+        field, the first is treated as an escape character. See examples.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.23.0
+    ${ARRAY_FUNCTION_LIKE}
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.20.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Data read from the text file.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    load, fromstring, fromregex
+    genfromtxt : Load data with missing values handled as specified.
+    scipy.io.loadmat : reads MATLAB data files
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This function aims to be a fast reader for simply formatted files.  The
+    `genfromtxt` function provides more sophisticated handling of, e.g.,
+    lines with missing values.
+
+    Each row in the input text file must have the same number of values to be
+    able to read all values. If all rows do not have same number of values, a
+    subset of up to n columns (where n is the least number of values present
+    in all rows) can be read by specifying the columns via `usecols`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+
+    The strings produced by the Python float.hex method can be used as
+    input for floats.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from io import StringIO   # StringIO behaves like a file object
+    >>> c = StringIO("0 1\n2 3")
+    >>> np.loadtxt(c)
+    array([[0., 1.],
+           [2., 3.]])
+
+    >>> d = StringIO("M 21 72\nF 35 58")
+    >>> np.loadtxt(d, dtype={'names': ('gender', 'age', 'weight'),
+    ...                      'formats': ('S1', 'i4', 'f4')})
+    array([(b'M', 21, 72.), (b'F', 35, 58.)],
+          dtype=[('gender', 'S1'), ('age', '>> c = StringIO("1,0,2\n3,0,4")
+    >>> x, y = np.loadtxt(c, delimiter=',', usecols=(0, 2), unpack=True)
+    >>> x
+    array([1., 3.])
+    >>> y
+    array([2., 4.])
+
+    The `converters` argument is used to specify functions to preprocess the
+    text prior to parsing. `converters` can be a dictionary that maps
+    preprocessing functions to each column:
+
+    >>> s = StringIO("1.618, 2.296\n3.141, 4.669\n")
+    >>> conv = {
+    ...     0: lambda x: np.floor(float(x)),  # conversion fn for column 0
+    ...     1: lambda x: np.ceil(float(x)),  # conversion fn for column 1
+    ... }
+    >>> np.loadtxt(s, delimiter=",", converters=conv)
+    array([[1., 3.],
+           [3., 5.]])
+
+    `converters` can be a callable instead of a dictionary, in which case it
+    is applied to all columns:
+
+    >>> s = StringIO("0xDE 0xAD\n0xC0 0xDE")
+    >>> import functools
+    >>> conv = functools.partial(int, base=16)
+    >>> np.loadtxt(s, converters=conv)
+    array([[222., 173.],
+           [192., 222.]])
+
+    This example shows how `converters` can be used to convert a field
+    with a trailing minus sign into a negative number.
+
+    >>> s = StringIO('10.01 31.25-\n19.22 64.31\n17.57- 63.94')
+    >>> def conv(fld):
+    ...     return -float(fld[:-1]) if fld.endswith(b'-') else float(fld)
+    ...
+    >>> np.loadtxt(s, converters=conv)
+    array([[ 10.01, -31.25],
+           [ 19.22,  64.31],
+           [-17.57,  63.94]])
+
+    Using a callable as the converter can be particularly useful for handling
+    values with different formatting, e.g. floats with underscores:
+
+    >>> s = StringIO("1 2.7 100_000")
+    >>> np.loadtxt(s, converters=float)
+    array([1.e+00, 2.7e+00, 1.e+05])
+
+    This idea can be extended to automatically handle values specified in
+    many different formats:
+
+    >>> def conv(val):
+    ...     try:
+    ...         return float(val)
+    ...     except ValueError:
+    ...         return float.fromhex(val)
+    >>> s = StringIO("1, 2.5, 3_000, 0b4, 0x1.4000000000000p+2")
+    >>> np.loadtxt(s, delimiter=",", converters=conv, encoding=None)
+    array([1.0e+00, 2.5e+00, 3.0e+03, 1.8e+02, 5.0e+00])
+
+    Note that with the default ``encoding="bytes"``, the inputs to the
+    converter function are latin-1 encoded byte strings. To deactivate the
+    implicit encoding prior to conversion, use ``encoding=None``
+
+    >>> s = StringIO('10.01 31.25-\n19.22 64.31\n17.57- 63.94')
+    >>> conv = lambda x: -float(x[:-1]) if x.endswith('-') else float(x)
+    >>> np.loadtxt(s, converters=conv, encoding=None)
+    array([[ 10.01, -31.25],
+           [ 19.22,  64.31],
+           [-17.57,  63.94]])
+
+    Support for quoted fields is enabled with the `quotechar` parameter.
+    Comment and delimiter characters are ignored when they appear within a
+    quoted item delineated by `quotechar`:
+
+    >>> s = StringIO('"alpha, #42", 10.0\n"beta, #64", 2.0\n')
+    >>> dtype = np.dtype([("label", "U12"), ("value", float)])
+    >>> np.loadtxt(s, dtype=dtype, delimiter=",", quotechar='"')
+    array([('alpha, #42', 10.), ('beta, #64',  2.)],
+          dtype=[('label', '>> s = StringIO('"alpha, #42"       10.0\n"beta, #64" 2.0\n')
+    >>> dtype = np.dtype([("label", "U12"), ("value", float)])
+    >>> np.loadtxt(s, dtype=dtype, delimiter=None, quotechar='"')
+    array([('alpha, #42', 10.), ('beta, #64',  2.)],
+          dtype=[('label', '>> s = StringIO('"Hello, my name is ""Monty""!"')
+    >>> np.loadtxt(s, dtype="U", delimiter=",", quotechar='"')
+    array('Hello, my name is "Monty"!', dtype='>> d = StringIO("1 2\n2 4\n3 9 12\n4 16 20")
+    >>> np.loadtxt(d, usecols=(0, 1))
+    array([[ 1.,  2.],
+           [ 2.,  4.],
+           [ 3.,  9.],
+           [ 4., 16.]])
+
+    """
+
+    if like is not None:
+        return _loadtxt_with_like(
+            like, fname, dtype=dtype, comments=comments, delimiter=delimiter,
+            converters=converters, skiprows=skiprows, usecols=usecols,
+            unpack=unpack, ndmin=ndmin, encoding=encoding,
+            max_rows=max_rows
+        )
+
+    if isinstance(delimiter, bytes):
+        delimiter.decode("latin1")
+
+    if dtype is None:
+        dtype = np.float64
+
+    comment = comments
+    # Control character type conversions for Py3 convenience
+    if comment is not None:
+        if isinstance(comment, (str, bytes)):
+            comment = [comment]
+        comment = [
+            x.decode('latin1') if isinstance(x, bytes) else x for x in comment]
+    if isinstance(delimiter, bytes):
+        delimiter = delimiter.decode('latin1')
+
+    arr = _read(fname, dtype=dtype, comment=comment, delimiter=delimiter,
+                converters=converters, skiplines=skiprows, usecols=usecols,
+                unpack=unpack, ndmin=ndmin, encoding=encoding,
+                max_rows=max_rows, quote=quotechar)
+
+    return arr
+
+
+_loadtxt_with_like = array_function_dispatch()(loadtxt)
+
+
+def _savetxt_dispatcher(fname, X, fmt=None, delimiter=None, newline=None,
+                        header=None, footer=None, comments=None,
+                        encoding=None):
+    return (X,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_savetxt_dispatcher)
+def savetxt(fname, X, fmt='%.18e', delimiter=' ', newline='\n', header='',
+            footer='', comments='# ', encoding=None):
+    """
+    Save an array to a text file.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fname : filename or file handle
+        If the filename ends in ``.gz``, the file is automatically saved in
+        compressed gzip format.  `loadtxt` understands gzipped files
+        transparently.
+    X : 1D or 2D array_like
+        Data to be saved to a text file.
+    fmt : str or sequence of strs, optional
+        A single format (%10.5f), a sequence of formats, or a
+        multi-format string, e.g. 'Iteration %d -- %10.5f', in which
+        case `delimiter` is ignored. For complex `X`, the legal options
+        for `fmt` are:
+
+        * a single specifier, `fmt='%.4e'`, resulting in numbers formatted
+          like `' (%s+%sj)' % (fmt, fmt)`
+        * a full string specifying every real and imaginary part, e.g.
+          `' %.4e %+.4ej %.4e %+.4ej %.4e %+.4ej'` for 3 columns
+        * a list of specifiers, one per column - in this case, the real
+          and imaginary part must have separate specifiers,
+          e.g. `['%.3e + %.3ej', '(%.15e%+.15ej)']` for 2 columns
+    delimiter : str, optional
+        String or character separating columns.
+    newline : str, optional
+        String or character separating lines.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+    header : str, optional
+        String that will be written at the beginning of the file.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+    footer : str, optional
+        String that will be written at the end of the file.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+    comments : str, optional
+        String that will be prepended to the ``header`` and ``footer`` strings,
+        to mark them as comments. Default: '# ',  as expected by e.g.
+        ``numpy.loadtxt``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+    encoding : {None, str}, optional
+        Encoding used to encode the outputfile. Does not apply to output
+        streams. If the encoding is something other than 'bytes' or 'latin1'
+        you will not be able to load the file in NumPy versions < 1.14. Default
+        is 'latin1'.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.14.0
+
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    save : Save an array to a binary file in NumPy ``.npy`` format
+    savez : Save several arrays into an uncompressed ``.npz`` archive
+    savez_compressed : Save several arrays into a compressed ``.npz`` archive
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Further explanation of the `fmt` parameter
+    (``%[flag]width[.precision]specifier``):
+
+    flags:
+        ``-`` : left justify
+
+        ``+`` : Forces to precede result with + or -.
+
+        ``0`` : Left pad the number with zeros instead of space (see width).
+
+    width:
+        Minimum number of characters to be printed. The value is not truncated
+        if it has more characters.
+
+    precision:
+        - For integer specifiers (eg. ``d,i,o,x``), the minimum number of
+          digits.
+        - For ``e, E`` and ``f`` specifiers, the number of digits to print
+          after the decimal point.
+        - For ``g`` and ``G``, the maximum number of significant digits.
+        - For ``s``, the maximum number of characters.
+
+    specifiers:
+        ``c`` : character
+
+        ``d`` or ``i`` : signed decimal integer
+
+        ``e`` or ``E`` : scientific notation with ``e`` or ``E``.
+
+        ``f`` : decimal floating point
+
+        ``g,G`` : use the shorter of ``e,E`` or ``f``
+
+        ``o`` : signed octal
+
+        ``s`` : string of characters
+
+        ``u`` : unsigned decimal integer
+
+        ``x,X`` : unsigned hexadecimal integer
+
+    This explanation of ``fmt`` is not complete, for an exhaustive
+    specification see [1]_.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] `Format Specification Mini-Language
+           `_,
+           Python Documentation.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = y = z = np.arange(0.0,5.0,1.0)
+    >>> np.savetxt('test.out', x, delimiter=',')   # X is an array
+    >>> np.savetxt('test.out', (x,y,z))   # x,y,z equal sized 1D arrays
+    >>> np.savetxt('test.out', x, fmt='%1.4e')   # use exponential notation
+
+    """
+
+    # Py3 conversions first
+    if isinstance(fmt, bytes):
+        fmt = asstr(fmt)
+    delimiter = asstr(delimiter)
+
+    class WriteWrap:
+        """Convert to bytes on bytestream inputs.
+
+        """
+        def __init__(self, fh, encoding):
+            self.fh = fh
+            self.encoding = encoding
+            self.do_write = self.first_write
+
+        def close(self):
+            self.fh.close()
+
+        def write(self, v):
+            self.do_write(v)
+
+        def write_bytes(self, v):
+            if isinstance(v, bytes):
+                self.fh.write(v)
+            else:
+                self.fh.write(v.encode(self.encoding))
+
+        def write_normal(self, v):
+            self.fh.write(asunicode(v))
+
+        def first_write(self, v):
+            try:
+                self.write_normal(v)
+                self.write = self.write_normal
+            except TypeError:
+                # input is probably a bytestream
+                self.write_bytes(v)
+                self.write = self.write_bytes
+
+    own_fh = False
+    if isinstance(fname, os_PathLike):
+        fname = os_fspath(fname)
+    if _is_string_like(fname):
+        # datasource doesn't support creating a new file ...
+        open(fname, 'wt').close()
+        fh = np.lib._datasource.open(fname, 'wt', encoding=encoding)
+        own_fh = True
+    elif hasattr(fname, 'write'):
+        # wrap to handle byte output streams
+        fh = WriteWrap(fname, encoding or 'latin1')
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('fname must be a string or file handle')
+
+    try:
+        X = np.asarray(X)
+
+        # Handle 1-dimensional arrays
+        if X.ndim == 0 or X.ndim > 2:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Expected 1D or 2D array, got %dD array instead" % X.ndim)
+        elif X.ndim == 1:
+            # Common case -- 1d array of numbers
+            if X.dtype.names is None:
+                X = np.atleast_2d(X).T
+                ncol = 1
+
+            # Complex dtype -- each field indicates a separate column
+            else:
+                ncol = len(X.dtype.names)
+        else:
+            ncol = X.shape[1]
+
+        iscomplex_X = np.iscomplexobj(X)
+        # `fmt` can be a string with multiple insertion points or a
+        # list of formats.  E.g. '%10.5f\t%10d' or ('%10.5f', '$10d')
+        if type(fmt) in (list, tuple):
+            if len(fmt) != ncol:
+                raise AttributeError('fmt has wrong shape.  %s' % str(fmt))
+            format = asstr(delimiter).join(map(asstr, fmt))
+        elif isinstance(fmt, str):
+            n_fmt_chars = fmt.count('%')
+            error = ValueError('fmt has wrong number of %% formats:  %s' % fmt)
+            if n_fmt_chars == 1:
+                if iscomplex_X:
+                    fmt = [' (%s+%sj)' % (fmt, fmt), ] * ncol
+                else:
+                    fmt = [fmt, ] * ncol
+                format = delimiter.join(fmt)
+            elif iscomplex_X and n_fmt_chars != (2 * ncol):
+                raise error
+            elif ((not iscomplex_X) and n_fmt_chars != ncol):
+                raise error
+            else:
+                format = fmt
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('invalid fmt: %r' % (fmt,))
+
+        if len(header) > 0:
+            header = header.replace('\n', '\n' + comments)
+            fh.write(comments + header + newline)
+        if iscomplex_X:
+            for row in X:
+                row2 = []
+                for number in row:
+                    row2.append(number.real)
+                    row2.append(number.imag)
+                s = format % tuple(row2) + newline
+                fh.write(s.replace('+-', '-'))
+        else:
+            for row in X:
+                try:
+                    v = format % tuple(row) + newline
+                except TypeError as e:
+                    raise TypeError("Mismatch between array dtype ('%s') and "
+                                    "format specifier ('%s')"
+                                    % (str(X.dtype), format)) from e
+                fh.write(v)
+
+        if len(footer) > 0:
+            footer = footer.replace('\n', '\n' + comments)
+            fh.write(comments + footer + newline)
+    finally:
+        if own_fh:
+            fh.close()
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def fromregex(file, regexp, dtype, encoding=None):
+    r"""
+    Construct an array from a text file, using regular expression parsing.
+
+    The returned array is always a structured array, and is constructed from
+    all matches of the regular expression in the file. Groups in the regular
+    expression are converted to fields of the structured array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    file : path or file
+        Filename or file object to read.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.22.0
+            Now accepts `os.PathLike` implementations.
+    regexp : str or regexp
+        Regular expression used to parse the file.
+        Groups in the regular expression correspond to fields in the dtype.
+    dtype : dtype or list of dtypes
+        Dtype for the structured array; must be a structured datatype.
+    encoding : str, optional
+        Encoding used to decode the inputfile. Does not apply to input streams.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.14.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    output : ndarray
+        The output array, containing the part of the content of `file` that
+        was matched by `regexp`. `output` is always a structured array.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    TypeError
+        When `dtype` is not a valid dtype for a structured array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    fromstring, loadtxt
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Dtypes for structured arrays can be specified in several forms, but all
+    forms specify at least the data type and field name. For details see
+    `basics.rec`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from io import StringIO
+    >>> text = StringIO("1312 foo\n1534  bar\n444   qux")
+
+    >>> regexp = r"(\d+)\s+(...)"  # match [digits, whitespace, anything]
+    >>> output = np.fromregex(text, regexp,
+    ...                       [('num', np.int64), ('key', 'S3')])
+    >>> output
+    array([(1312, b'foo'), (1534, b'bar'), ( 444, b'qux')],
+          dtype=[('num', '>> output['num']
+    array([1312, 1534,  444])
+
+    """
+    own_fh = False
+    if not hasattr(file, "read"):
+        file = os.fspath(file)
+        file = np.lib._datasource.open(file, 'rt', encoding=encoding)
+        own_fh = True
+
+    try:
+        if not isinstance(dtype, np.dtype):
+            dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+        if dtype.names is None:
+            raise TypeError('dtype must be a structured datatype.')
+
+        content = file.read()
+        if isinstance(content, bytes) and isinstance(regexp, str):
+            regexp = asbytes(regexp)
+        elif isinstance(content, str) and isinstance(regexp, bytes):
+            regexp = asstr(regexp)
+
+        if not hasattr(regexp, 'match'):
+            regexp = re.compile(regexp)
+        seq = regexp.findall(content)
+        if seq and not isinstance(seq[0], tuple):
+            # Only one group is in the regexp.
+            # Create the new array as a single data-type and then
+            #   re-interpret as a single-field structured array.
+            newdtype = np.dtype(dtype[dtype.names[0]])
+            output = np.array(seq, dtype=newdtype)
+            output.dtype = dtype
+        else:
+            output = np.array(seq, dtype=dtype)
+
+        return output
+    finally:
+        if own_fh:
+            file.close()
+
+
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#---- --- ASCII functions ---
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@set_array_function_like_doc
+@set_module('numpy')
+def genfromtxt(fname, dtype=float, comments='#', delimiter=None,
+               skip_header=0, skip_footer=0, converters=None,
+               missing_values=None, filling_values=None, usecols=None,
+               names=None, excludelist=None,
+               deletechars=''.join(sorted(NameValidator.defaultdeletechars)),
+               replace_space='_', autostrip=False, case_sensitive=True,
+               defaultfmt="f%i", unpack=None, usemask=False, loose=True,
+               invalid_raise=True, max_rows=None, encoding='bytes',
+               *, ndmin=0, like=None):
+    """
+    Load data from a text file, with missing values handled as specified.
+
+    Each line past the first `skip_header` lines is split at the `delimiter`
+    character, and characters following the `comments` character are discarded.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fname : file, str, pathlib.Path, list of str, generator
+        File, filename, list, or generator to read.  If the filename
+        extension is ``.gz`` or ``.bz2``, the file is first decompressed. Note
+        that generators must return bytes or strings. The strings
+        in a list or produced by a generator are treated as lines.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+        Data type of the resulting array.
+        If None, the dtypes will be determined by the contents of each
+        column, individually.
+    comments : str, optional
+        The character used to indicate the start of a comment.
+        All the characters occurring on a line after a comment are discarded.
+    delimiter : str, int, or sequence, optional
+        The string used to separate values.  By default, any consecutive
+        whitespaces act as delimiter.  An integer or sequence of integers
+        can also be provided as width(s) of each field.
+    skiprows : int, optional
+        `skiprows` was removed in numpy 1.10. Please use `skip_header` instead.
+    skip_header : int, optional
+        The number of lines to skip at the beginning of the file.
+    skip_footer : int, optional
+        The number of lines to skip at the end of the file.
+    converters : variable, optional
+        The set of functions that convert the data of a column to a value.
+        The converters can also be used to provide a default value
+        for missing data: ``converters = {3: lambda s: float(s or 0)}``.
+    missing : variable, optional
+        `missing` was removed in numpy 1.10. Please use `missing_values`
+        instead.
+    missing_values : variable, optional
+        The set of strings corresponding to missing data.
+    filling_values : variable, optional
+        The set of values to be used as default when the data are missing.
+    usecols : sequence, optional
+        Which columns to read, with 0 being the first.  For example,
+        ``usecols = (1, 4, 5)`` will extract the 2nd, 5th and 6th columns.
+    names : {None, True, str, sequence}, optional
+        If `names` is True, the field names are read from the first line after
+        the first `skip_header` lines. This line can optionally be preceded
+        by a comment delimiter. If `names` is a sequence or a single-string of
+        comma-separated names, the names will be used to define the field names
+        in a structured dtype. If `names` is None, the names of the dtype
+        fields will be used, if any.
+    excludelist : sequence, optional
+        A list of names to exclude. This list is appended to the default list
+        ['return','file','print']. Excluded names are appended with an
+        underscore: for example, `file` would become `file_`.
+    deletechars : str, optional
+        A string combining invalid characters that must be deleted from the
+        names.
+    defaultfmt : str, optional
+        A format used to define default field names, such as "f%i" or "f_%02i".
+    autostrip : bool, optional
+        Whether to automatically strip white spaces from the variables.
+    replace_space : char, optional
+        Character(s) used in replacement of white spaces in the variable
+        names. By default, use a '_'.
+    case_sensitive : {True, False, 'upper', 'lower'}, optional
+        If True, field names are case sensitive.
+        If False or 'upper', field names are converted to upper case.
+        If 'lower', field names are converted to lower case.
+    unpack : bool, optional
+        If True, the returned array is transposed, so that arguments may be
+        unpacked using ``x, y, z = genfromtxt(...)``.  When used with a
+        structured data-type, arrays are returned for each field.
+        Default is False.
+    usemask : bool, optional
+        If True, return a masked array.
+        If False, return a regular array.
+    loose : bool, optional
+        If True, do not raise errors for invalid values.
+    invalid_raise : bool, optional
+        If True, an exception is raised if an inconsistency is detected in the
+        number of columns.
+        If False, a warning is emitted and the offending lines are skipped.
+    max_rows : int,  optional
+        The maximum number of rows to read. Must not be used with skip_footer
+        at the same time.  If given, the value must be at least 1. Default is
+        to read the entire file.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+    encoding : str, optional
+        Encoding used to decode the inputfile. Does not apply when `fname` is
+        a file object.  The special value 'bytes' enables backward compatibility
+        workarounds that ensure that you receive byte arrays when possible
+        and passes latin1 encoded strings to converters. Override this value to
+        receive unicode arrays and pass strings as input to converters.  If set
+        to None the system default is used. The default value is 'bytes'.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.14.0
+    ndmin : int, optional
+        Same parameter as `loadtxt`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.23.0
+    ${ARRAY_FUNCTION_LIKE}
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.20.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Data read from the text file. If `usemask` is True, this is a
+        masked array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.loadtxt : equivalent function when no data is missing.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    * When spaces are used as delimiters, or when no delimiter has been given
+      as input, there should not be any missing data between two fields.
+    * When the variables are named (either by a flexible dtype or with `names`),
+      there must not be any header in the file (else a ValueError
+      exception is raised).
+    * Individual values are not stripped of spaces by default.
+      When using a custom converter, make sure the function does remove spaces.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] NumPy User Guide, section `I/O with NumPy
+           `_.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from io import StringIO
+    >>> import numpy as np
+
+    Comma delimited file with mixed dtype
+
+    >>> s = StringIO(u"1,1.3,abcde")
+    >>> data = np.genfromtxt(s, dtype=[('myint','i8'),('myfloat','f8'),
+    ... ('mystring','S5')], delimiter=",")
+    >>> data
+    array((1, 1.3, b'abcde'),
+          dtype=[('myint', '>> _ = s.seek(0) # needed for StringIO example only
+    >>> data = np.genfromtxt(s, dtype=None,
+    ... names = ['myint','myfloat','mystring'], delimiter=",")
+    >>> data
+    array((1, 1.3, b'abcde'),
+          dtype=[('myint', '>> _ = s.seek(0)
+    >>> data = np.genfromtxt(s, dtype="i8,f8,S5",
+    ... names=['myint','myfloat','mystring'], delimiter=",")
+    >>> data
+    array((1, 1.3, b'abcde'),
+          dtype=[('myint', '>> s = StringIO(u"11.3abcde")
+    >>> data = np.genfromtxt(s, dtype=None, names=['intvar','fltvar','strvar'],
+    ...     delimiter=[1,3,5])
+    >>> data
+    array((1, 1.3, b'abcde'),
+          dtype=[('intvar', '>> f = StringIO('''
+    ... text,# of chars
+    ... hello world,11
+    ... numpy,5''')
+    >>> np.genfromtxt(f, dtype='S12,S12', delimiter=',')
+    array([(b'text', b''), (b'hello world', b'11'), (b'numpy', b'5')],
+      dtype=[('f0', 'S12'), ('f1', 'S12')])
+
+    """
+
+    if like is not None:
+        return _genfromtxt_with_like(
+            like, fname, dtype=dtype, comments=comments, delimiter=delimiter,
+            skip_header=skip_header, skip_footer=skip_footer,
+            converters=converters, missing_values=missing_values,
+            filling_values=filling_values, usecols=usecols, names=names,
+            excludelist=excludelist, deletechars=deletechars,
+            replace_space=replace_space, autostrip=autostrip,
+            case_sensitive=case_sensitive, defaultfmt=defaultfmt,
+            unpack=unpack, usemask=usemask, loose=loose,
+            invalid_raise=invalid_raise, max_rows=max_rows, encoding=encoding,
+            ndmin=ndmin,
+        )
+
+    _ensure_ndmin_ndarray_check_param(ndmin)
+
+    if max_rows is not None:
+        if skip_footer:
+            raise ValueError(
+                    "The keywords 'skip_footer' and 'max_rows' can not be "
+                    "specified at the same time.")
+        if max_rows < 1:
+            raise ValueError("'max_rows' must be at least 1.")
+
+    if usemask:
+        from numpy.ma import MaskedArray, make_mask_descr
+    # Check the input dictionary of converters
+    user_converters = converters or {}
+    if not isinstance(user_converters, dict):
+        raise TypeError(
+            "The input argument 'converter' should be a valid dictionary "
+            "(got '%s' instead)" % type(user_converters))
+
+    if encoding == 'bytes':
+        encoding = None
+        byte_converters = True
+    else:
+        byte_converters = False
+
+    # Initialize the filehandle, the LineSplitter and the NameValidator
+    if isinstance(fname, os_PathLike):
+        fname = os_fspath(fname)
+    if isinstance(fname, str):
+        fid = np.lib._datasource.open(fname, 'rt', encoding=encoding)
+        fid_ctx = contextlib.closing(fid)
+    else:
+        fid = fname
+        fid_ctx = contextlib.nullcontext(fid)
+    try:
+        fhd = iter(fid)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "fname must be a string, a filehandle, a sequence of strings,\n"
+            f"or an iterator of strings. Got {type(fname)} instead."
+        ) from e
+    with fid_ctx:
+        split_line = LineSplitter(delimiter=delimiter, comments=comments,
+                                  autostrip=autostrip, encoding=encoding)
+        validate_names = NameValidator(excludelist=excludelist,
+                                       deletechars=deletechars,
+                                       case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                                       replace_space=replace_space)
+
+        # Skip the first `skip_header` rows
+        try:
+            for i in range(skip_header):
+                next(fhd)
+
+            # Keep on until we find the first valid values
+            first_values = None
+
+            while not first_values:
+                first_line = _decode_line(next(fhd), encoding)
+                if (names is True) and (comments is not None):
+                    if comments in first_line:
+                        first_line = (
+                            ''.join(first_line.split(comments)[1:]))
+                first_values = split_line(first_line)
+        except StopIteration:
+            # return an empty array if the datafile is empty
+            first_line = ''
+            first_values = []
+            warnings.warn('genfromtxt: Empty input file: "%s"' % fname, stacklevel=2)
+
+        # Should we take the first values as names ?
+        if names is True:
+            fval = first_values[0].strip()
+            if comments is not None:
+                if fval in comments:
+                    del first_values[0]
+
+        # Check the columns to use: make sure `usecols` is a list
+        if usecols is not None:
+            try:
+                usecols = [_.strip() for _ in usecols.split(",")]
+            except AttributeError:
+                try:
+                    usecols = list(usecols)
+                except TypeError:
+                    usecols = [usecols, ]
+        nbcols = len(usecols or first_values)
+
+        # Check the names and overwrite the dtype.names if needed
+        if names is True:
+            names = validate_names([str(_.strip()) for _ in first_values])
+            first_line = ''
+        elif _is_string_like(names):
+            names = validate_names([_.strip() for _ in names.split(',')])
+        elif names:
+            names = validate_names(names)
+        # Get the dtype
+        if dtype is not None:
+            dtype = easy_dtype(dtype, defaultfmt=defaultfmt, names=names,
+                               excludelist=excludelist,
+                               deletechars=deletechars,
+                               case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                               replace_space=replace_space)
+        # Make sure the names is a list (for 2.5)
+        if names is not None:
+            names = list(names)
+
+        if usecols:
+            for (i, current) in enumerate(usecols):
+                # if usecols is a list of names, convert to a list of indices
+                if _is_string_like(current):
+                    usecols[i] = names.index(current)
+                elif current < 0:
+                    usecols[i] = current + len(first_values)
+            # If the dtype is not None, make sure we update it
+            if (dtype is not None) and (len(dtype) > nbcols):
+                descr = dtype.descr
+                dtype = np.dtype([descr[_] for _ in usecols])
+                names = list(dtype.names)
+            # If `names` is not None, update the names
+            elif (names is not None) and (len(names) > nbcols):
+                names = [names[_] for _ in usecols]
+        elif (names is not None) and (dtype is not None):
+            names = list(dtype.names)
+
+        # Process the missing values ...............................
+        # Rename missing_values for convenience
+        user_missing_values = missing_values or ()
+        if isinstance(user_missing_values, bytes):
+            user_missing_values = user_missing_values.decode('latin1')
+
+        # Define the list of missing_values (one column: one list)
+        missing_values = [list(['']) for _ in range(nbcols)]
+
+        # We have a dictionary: process it field by field
+        if isinstance(user_missing_values, dict):
+            # Loop on the items
+            for (key, val) in user_missing_values.items():
+                # Is the key a string ?
+                if _is_string_like(key):
+                    try:
+                        # Transform it into an integer
+                        key = names.index(key)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        # We couldn't find it: the name must have been dropped
+                        continue
+                # Redefine the key as needed if it's a column number
+                if usecols:
+                    try:
+                        key = usecols.index(key)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        pass
+                # Transform the value as a list of string
+                if isinstance(val, (list, tuple)):
+                    val = [str(_) for _ in val]
+                else:
+                    val = [str(val), ]
+                # Add the value(s) to the current list of missing
+                if key is None:
+                    # None acts as default
+                    for miss in missing_values:
+                        miss.extend(val)
+                else:
+                    missing_values[key].extend(val)
+        # We have a sequence : each item matches a column
+        elif isinstance(user_missing_values, (list, tuple)):
+            for (value, entry) in zip(user_missing_values, missing_values):
+                value = str(value)
+                if value not in entry:
+                    entry.append(value)
+        # We have a string : apply it to all entries
+        elif isinstance(user_missing_values, str):
+            user_value = user_missing_values.split(",")
+            for entry in missing_values:
+                entry.extend(user_value)
+        # We have something else: apply it to all entries
+        else:
+            for entry in missing_values:
+                entry.extend([str(user_missing_values)])
+
+        # Process the filling_values ...............................
+        # Rename the input for convenience
+        user_filling_values = filling_values
+        if user_filling_values is None:
+            user_filling_values = []
+        # Define the default
+        filling_values = [None] * nbcols
+        # We have a dictionary : update each entry individually
+        if isinstance(user_filling_values, dict):
+            for (key, val) in user_filling_values.items():
+                if _is_string_like(key):
+                    try:
+                        # Transform it into an integer
+                        key = names.index(key)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        # We couldn't find it: the name must have been dropped,
+                        continue
+                # Redefine the key if it's a column number and usecols is defined
+                if usecols:
+                    try:
+                        key = usecols.index(key)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        pass
+                # Add the value to the list
+                filling_values[key] = val
+        # We have a sequence : update on a one-to-one basis
+        elif isinstance(user_filling_values, (list, tuple)):
+            n = len(user_filling_values)
+            if (n <= nbcols):
+                filling_values[:n] = user_filling_values
+            else:
+                filling_values = user_filling_values[:nbcols]
+        # We have something else : use it for all entries
+        else:
+            filling_values = [user_filling_values] * nbcols
+
+        # Initialize the converters ................................
+        if dtype is None:
+            # Note: we can't use a [...]*nbcols, as we would have 3 times the same
+            # ... converter, instead of 3 different converters.
+            converters = [StringConverter(None, missing_values=miss, default=fill)
+                          for (miss, fill) in zip(missing_values, filling_values)]
+        else:
+            dtype_flat = flatten_dtype(dtype, flatten_base=True)
+            # Initialize the converters
+            if len(dtype_flat) > 1:
+                # Flexible type : get a converter from each dtype
+                zipit = zip(dtype_flat, missing_values, filling_values)
+                converters = [StringConverter(dt, locked=True,
+                                              missing_values=miss, default=fill)
+                              for (dt, miss, fill) in zipit]
+            else:
+                # Set to a default converter (but w/ different missing values)
+                zipit = zip(missing_values, filling_values)
+                converters = [StringConverter(dtype, locked=True,
+                                              missing_values=miss, default=fill)
+                              for (miss, fill) in zipit]
+        # Update the converters to use the user-defined ones
+        uc_update = []
+        for (j, conv) in user_converters.items():
+            # If the converter is specified by column names, use the index instead
+            if _is_string_like(j):
+                try:
+                    j = names.index(j)
+                    i = j
+                except ValueError:
+                    continue
+            elif usecols:
+                try:
+                    i = usecols.index(j)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # Unused converter specified
+                    continue
+            else:
+                i = j
+            # Find the value to test - first_line is not filtered by usecols:
+            if len(first_line):
+                testing_value = first_values[j]
+            else:
+                testing_value = None
+            if conv is bytes:
+                user_conv = asbytes
+            elif byte_converters:
+                # converters may use decode to workaround numpy's old behaviour,
+                # so encode the string again before passing to the user converter
+                def tobytes_first(x, conv):
+                    if type(x) is bytes:
+                        return conv(x)
+                    return conv(x.encode("latin1"))
+                user_conv = functools.partial(tobytes_first, conv=conv)
+            else:
+                user_conv = conv
+            converters[i].update(user_conv, locked=True,
+                                 testing_value=testing_value,
+                                 default=filling_values[i],
+                                 missing_values=missing_values[i],)
+            uc_update.append((i, user_conv))
+        # Make sure we have the corrected keys in user_converters...
+        user_converters.update(uc_update)
+
+        # Fixme: possible error as following variable never used.
+        # miss_chars = [_.missing_values for _ in converters]
+
+        # Initialize the output lists ...
+        # ... rows
+        rows = []
+        append_to_rows = rows.append
+        # ... masks
+        if usemask:
+            masks = []
+            append_to_masks = masks.append
+        # ... invalid
+        invalid = []
+        append_to_invalid = invalid.append
+
+        # Parse each line
+        for (i, line) in enumerate(itertools.chain([first_line, ], fhd)):
+            values = split_line(line)
+            nbvalues = len(values)
+            # Skip an empty line
+            if nbvalues == 0:
+                continue
+            if usecols:
+                # Select only the columns we need
+                try:
+                    values = [values[_] for _ in usecols]
+                except IndexError:
+                    append_to_invalid((i + skip_header + 1, nbvalues))
+                    continue
+            elif nbvalues != nbcols:
+                append_to_invalid((i + skip_header + 1, nbvalues))
+                continue
+            # Store the values
+            append_to_rows(tuple(values))
+            if usemask:
+                append_to_masks(tuple([v.strip() in m
+                                       for (v, m) in zip(values,
+                                                         missing_values)]))
+            if len(rows) == max_rows:
+                break
+
+    # Upgrade the converters (if needed)
+    if dtype is None:
+        for (i, converter) in enumerate(converters):
+            current_column = [itemgetter(i)(_m) for _m in rows]
+            try:
+                converter.iterupgrade(current_column)
+            except ConverterLockError:
+                errmsg = "Converter #%i is locked and cannot be upgraded: " % i
+                current_column = map(itemgetter(i), rows)
+                for (j, value) in enumerate(current_column):
+                    try:
+                        converter.upgrade(value)
+                    except (ConverterError, ValueError):
+                        errmsg += "(occurred line #%i for value '%s')"
+                        errmsg %= (j + 1 + skip_header, value)
+                        raise ConverterError(errmsg)
+
+    # Check that we don't have invalid values
+    nbinvalid = len(invalid)
+    if nbinvalid > 0:
+        nbrows = len(rows) + nbinvalid - skip_footer
+        # Construct the error message
+        template = "    Line #%%i (got %%i columns instead of %i)" % nbcols
+        if skip_footer > 0:
+            nbinvalid_skipped = len([_ for _ in invalid
+                                     if _[0] > nbrows + skip_header])
+            invalid = invalid[:nbinvalid - nbinvalid_skipped]
+            skip_footer -= nbinvalid_skipped
+#
+#            nbrows -= skip_footer
+#            errmsg = [template % (i, nb)
+#                      for (i, nb) in invalid if i < nbrows]
+#        else:
+        errmsg = [template % (i, nb)
+                  for (i, nb) in invalid]
+        if len(errmsg):
+            errmsg.insert(0, "Some errors were detected !")
+            errmsg = "\n".join(errmsg)
+            # Raise an exception ?
+            if invalid_raise:
+                raise ValueError(errmsg)
+            # Issue a warning ?
+            else:
+                warnings.warn(errmsg, ConversionWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+    # Strip the last skip_footer data
+    if skip_footer > 0:
+        rows = rows[:-skip_footer]
+        if usemask:
+            masks = masks[:-skip_footer]
+
+    # Convert each value according to the converter:
+    # We want to modify the list in place to avoid creating a new one...
+    if loose:
+        rows = list(
+            zip(*[[conv._loose_call(_r) for _r in map(itemgetter(i), rows)]
+                  for (i, conv) in enumerate(converters)]))
+    else:
+        rows = list(
+            zip(*[[conv._strict_call(_r) for _r in map(itemgetter(i), rows)]
+                  for (i, conv) in enumerate(converters)]))
+
+    # Reset the dtype
+    data = rows
+    if dtype is None:
+        # Get the dtypes from the types of the converters
+        column_types = [conv.type for conv in converters]
+        # Find the columns with strings...
+        strcolidx = [i for (i, v) in enumerate(column_types)
+                     if v == np.str_]
+
+        if byte_converters and strcolidx:
+            # convert strings back to bytes for backward compatibility
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Reading unicode strings without specifying the encoding "
+                "argument is deprecated. Set the encoding, use None for the "
+                "system default.",
+                np.VisibleDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            def encode_unicode_cols(row_tup):
+                row = list(row_tup)
+                for i in strcolidx:
+                    row[i] = row[i].encode('latin1')
+                return tuple(row)
+
+            try:
+                data = [encode_unicode_cols(r) for r in data]
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                for i in strcolidx:
+                    column_types[i] = np.bytes_
+
+        # Update string types to be the right length
+        sized_column_types = column_types[:]
+        for i, col_type in enumerate(column_types):
+            if np.issubdtype(col_type, np.character):
+                n_chars = max(len(row[i]) for row in data)
+                sized_column_types[i] = (col_type, n_chars)
+
+        if names is None:
+            # If the dtype is uniform (before sizing strings)
+            base = {
+                c_type
+                for c, c_type in zip(converters, column_types)
+                if c._checked}
+            if len(base) == 1:
+                uniform_type, = base
+                (ddtype, mdtype) = (uniform_type, bool)
+            else:
+                ddtype = [(defaultfmt % i, dt)
+                          for (i, dt) in enumerate(sized_column_types)]
+                if usemask:
+                    mdtype = [(defaultfmt % i, bool)
+                              for (i, dt) in enumerate(sized_column_types)]
+        else:
+            ddtype = list(zip(names, sized_column_types))
+            mdtype = list(zip(names, [bool] * len(sized_column_types)))
+        output = np.array(data, dtype=ddtype)
+        if usemask:
+            outputmask = np.array(masks, dtype=mdtype)
+    else:
+        # Overwrite the initial dtype names if needed
+        if names and dtype.names is not None:
+            dtype.names = names
+        # Case 1. We have a structured type
+        if len(dtype_flat) > 1:
+            # Nested dtype, eg [('a', int), ('b', [('b0', int), ('b1', 'f4')])]
+            # First, create the array using a flattened dtype:
+            # [('a', int), ('b1', int), ('b2', float)]
+            # Then, view the array using the specified dtype.
+            if 'O' in (_.char for _ in dtype_flat):
+                if has_nested_fields(dtype):
+                    raise NotImplementedError(
+                        "Nested fields involving objects are not supported...")
+                else:
+                    output = np.array(data, dtype=dtype)
+            else:
+                rows = np.array(data, dtype=[('', _) for _ in dtype_flat])
+                output = rows.view(dtype)
+            # Now, process the rowmasks the same way
+            if usemask:
+                rowmasks = np.array(
+                    masks, dtype=np.dtype([('', bool) for t in dtype_flat]))
+                # Construct the new dtype
+                mdtype = make_mask_descr(dtype)
+                outputmask = rowmasks.view(mdtype)
+        # Case #2. We have a basic dtype
+        else:
+            # We used some user-defined converters
+            if user_converters:
+                ishomogeneous = True
+                descr = []
+                for i, ttype in enumerate([conv.type for conv in converters]):
+                    # Keep the dtype of the current converter
+                    if i in user_converters:
+                        ishomogeneous &= (ttype == dtype.type)
+                        if np.issubdtype(ttype, np.character):
+                            ttype = (ttype, max(len(row[i]) for row in data))
+                        descr.append(('', ttype))
+                    else:
+                        descr.append(('', dtype))
+                # So we changed the dtype ?
+                if not ishomogeneous:
+                    # We have more than one field
+                    if len(descr) > 1:
+                        dtype = np.dtype(descr)
+                    # We have only one field: drop the name if not needed.
+                    else:
+                        dtype = np.dtype(ttype)
+            #
+            output = np.array(data, dtype)
+            if usemask:
+                if dtype.names is not None:
+                    mdtype = [(_, bool) for _ in dtype.names]
+                else:
+                    mdtype = bool
+                outputmask = np.array(masks, dtype=mdtype)
+    # Try to take care of the missing data we missed
+    names = output.dtype.names
+    if usemask and names:
+        for (name, conv) in zip(names, converters):
+            missing_values = [conv(_) for _ in conv.missing_values
+                              if _ != '']
+            for mval in missing_values:
+                outputmask[name] |= (output[name] == mval)
+    # Construct the final array
+    if usemask:
+        output = output.view(MaskedArray)
+        output._mask = outputmask
+
+    output = _ensure_ndmin_ndarray(output, ndmin=ndmin)
+
+    if unpack:
+        if names is None:
+            return output.T
+        elif len(names) == 1:
+            # squeeze single-name dtypes too
+            return output[names[0]]
+        else:
+            # For structured arrays with multiple fields,
+            # return an array for each field.
+            return [output[field] for field in names]
+    return output
+
+
+_genfromtxt_with_like = array_function_dispatch()(genfromtxt)
+
+
+def recfromtxt(fname, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Load ASCII data from a file and return it in a record array.
+
+    If ``usemask=False`` a standard `recarray` is returned,
+    if ``usemask=True`` a MaskedRecords array is returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fname, kwargs : For a description of input parameters, see `genfromtxt`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.genfromtxt : generic function
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    By default, `dtype` is None, which means that the data-type of the output
+    array will be determined from the data.
+
+    """
+    kwargs.setdefault("dtype", None)
+    usemask = kwargs.get('usemask', False)
+    output = genfromtxt(fname, **kwargs)
+    if usemask:
+        from numpy.ma.mrecords import MaskedRecords
+        output = output.view(MaskedRecords)
+    else:
+        output = output.view(np.recarray)
+    return output
+
+
+def recfromcsv(fname, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Load ASCII data stored in a comma-separated file.
+
+    The returned array is a record array (if ``usemask=False``, see
+    `recarray`) or a masked record array (if ``usemask=True``,
+    see `ma.mrecords.MaskedRecords`).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fname, kwargs : For a description of input parameters, see `genfromtxt`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.genfromtxt : generic function to load ASCII data.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    By default, `dtype` is None, which means that the data-type of the output
+    array will be determined from the data.
+
+    """
+    # Set default kwargs for genfromtxt as relevant to csv import.
+    kwargs.setdefault("case_sensitive", "lower")
+    kwargs.setdefault("names", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("delimiter", ",")
+    kwargs.setdefault("dtype", None)
+    output = genfromtxt(fname, **kwargs)
+
+    usemask = kwargs.get("usemask", False)
+    if usemask:
+        from numpy.ma.mrecords import MaskedRecords
+        output = output.view(MaskedRecords)
+    else:
+        output = output.view(np.recarray)
+    return output
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/npyio.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/npyio.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef0f2a5f177f8d6726795c7af51ada2b6d97243c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/npyio.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+import os
+import sys
+import zipfile
+import types
+from re import Pattern
+from collections.abc import Collection, Mapping, Iterator, Sequence, Callable, Iterable
+from typing import (
+    Literal as L,
+    Any,
+    TypeVar,
+    Generic,
+    IO,
+    overload,
+    Protocol,
+)
+
+from numpy import (
+    DataSource as DataSource,
+    ndarray,
+    recarray,
+    dtype,
+    generic,
+    float64,
+    void,
+    record,
+)
+
+from numpy.ma.mrecords import MaskedRecords
+from numpy._typing import (
+    ArrayLike,
+    DTypeLike,
+    NDArray,
+    _DTypeLike,
+    _SupportsArrayFunc,
+)
+
+from numpy.core.multiarray import (
+    packbits as packbits,
+    unpackbits as unpackbits,
+)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_T_contra = TypeVar("_T_contra", contravariant=True)
+_T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
+_SCT = TypeVar("_SCT", bound=generic)
+_CharType_co = TypeVar("_CharType_co", str, bytes, covariant=True)
+_CharType_contra = TypeVar("_CharType_contra", str, bytes, contravariant=True)
+
+class _SupportsGetItem(Protocol[_T_contra, _T_co]):
+    def __getitem__(self, key: _T_contra, /) -> _T_co: ...
+
+class _SupportsRead(Protocol[_CharType_co]):
+    def read(self) -> _CharType_co: ...
+
+class _SupportsReadSeek(Protocol[_CharType_co]):
+    def read(self, n: int, /) -> _CharType_co: ...
+    def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int, /) -> object: ...
+
+class _SupportsWrite(Protocol[_CharType_contra]):
+    def write(self, s: _CharType_contra, /) -> object: ...
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+class BagObj(Generic[_T_co]):
+    def __init__(self, obj: _SupportsGetItem[str, _T_co]) -> None: ...
+    def __getattribute__(self, key: str) -> _T_co: ...
+    def __dir__(self) -> list[str]: ...
+
+class NpzFile(Mapping[str, NDArray[Any]]):
+    zip: zipfile.ZipFile
+    fid: None | IO[str]
+    files: list[str]
+    allow_pickle: bool
+    pickle_kwargs: None | Mapping[str, Any]
+    _MAX_REPR_ARRAY_COUNT: int
+    # Represent `f` as a mutable property so we can access the type of `self`
+    @property
+    def f(self: _T) -> BagObj[_T]: ...
+    @f.setter
+    def f(self: _T, value: BagObj[_T]) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fid: IO[str],
+        own_fid: bool = ...,
+        allow_pickle: bool = ...,
+        pickle_kwargs: None | Mapping[str, Any] = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def __enter__(self: _T) -> _T: ...
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: None | type[BaseException],
+        exc_value: None | BaseException,
+        traceback: None | types.TracebackType,
+        /,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def close(self) -> None: ...
+    def __del__(self) -> None: ...
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]: ...
+    def __len__(self) -> int: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+    def __contains__(self, key: str) -> bool: ...
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
+
+# NOTE: Returns a `NpzFile` if file is a zip file;
+# returns an `ndarray`/`memmap` otherwise
+def load(
+    file: str | bytes | os.PathLike[Any] | _SupportsReadSeek[bytes],
+    mmap_mode: L[None, "r+", "r", "w+", "c"] = ...,
+    allow_pickle: bool = ...,
+    fix_imports: bool = ...,
+    encoding: L["ASCII", "latin1", "bytes"] = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+
+def save(
+    file: str | os.PathLike[str] | _SupportsWrite[bytes],
+    arr: ArrayLike,
+    allow_pickle: bool = ...,
+    fix_imports: bool = ...,
+) -> None: ...
+
+def savez(
+    file: str | os.PathLike[str] | _SupportsWrite[bytes],
+    *args: ArrayLike,
+    **kwds: ArrayLike,
+) -> None: ...
+
+def savez_compressed(
+    file: str | os.PathLike[str] | _SupportsWrite[bytes],
+    *args: ArrayLike,
+    **kwds: ArrayLike,
+) -> None: ...
+
+# File-like objects only have to implement `__iter__` and,
+# optionally, `encoding`
+@overload
+def loadtxt(
+    fname: str | os.PathLike[str] | Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes],
+    dtype: None = ...,
+    comments: None | str | Sequence[str] = ...,
+    delimiter: None | str = ...,
+    converters: None | Mapping[int | str, Callable[[str], Any]] = ...,
+    skiprows: int = ...,
+    usecols: int | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    unpack: bool = ...,
+    ndmin: L[0, 1, 2] = ...,
+    encoding: None | str = ...,
+    max_rows: None | int = ...,
+    *,
+    quotechar: None | str = ...,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def loadtxt(
+    fname: str | os.PathLike[str] | Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes],
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_SCT],
+    comments: None | str | Sequence[str] = ...,
+    delimiter: None | str = ...,
+    converters: None | Mapping[int | str, Callable[[str], Any]] = ...,
+    skiprows: int = ...,
+    usecols: int | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    unpack: bool = ...,
+    ndmin: L[0, 1, 2] = ...,
+    encoding: None | str = ...,
+    max_rows: None | int = ...,
+    *,
+    quotechar: None | str = ...,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def loadtxt(
+    fname: str | os.PathLike[str] | Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes],
+    dtype: DTypeLike,
+    comments: None | str | Sequence[str] = ...,
+    delimiter: None | str = ...,
+    converters: None | Mapping[int | str, Callable[[str], Any]] = ...,
+    skiprows: int = ...,
+    usecols: int | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    unpack: bool = ...,
+    ndmin: L[0, 1, 2] = ...,
+    encoding: None | str = ...,
+    max_rows: None | int = ...,
+    *,
+    quotechar: None | str = ...,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+def savetxt(
+    fname: str | os.PathLike[str] | _SupportsWrite[str] | _SupportsWrite[bytes],
+    X: ArrayLike,
+    fmt: str | Sequence[str] = ...,
+    delimiter: str = ...,
+    newline: str = ...,
+    header: str = ...,
+    footer: str = ...,
+    comments: str = ...,
+    encoding: None | str = ...,
+) -> None: ...
+
+@overload
+def fromregex(
+    file: str | os.PathLike[str] | _SupportsRead[str] | _SupportsRead[bytes],
+    regexp: str | bytes | Pattern[Any],
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_SCT],
+    encoding: None | str = ...
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def fromregex(
+    file: str | os.PathLike[str] | _SupportsRead[str] | _SupportsRead[bytes],
+    regexp: str | bytes | Pattern[Any],
+    dtype: DTypeLike,
+    encoding: None | str = ...
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def genfromtxt(
+    fname: str | os.PathLike[str] | Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes],
+    dtype: None = ...,
+    comments: str = ...,
+    delimiter: None | str | int | Iterable[int] = ...,
+    skip_header: int = ...,
+    skip_footer: int = ...,
+    converters: None | Mapping[int | str, Callable[[str], Any]] = ...,
+    missing_values: Any = ...,
+    filling_values: Any = ...,
+    usecols: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    names: L[None, True] | str | Collection[str] = ...,
+    excludelist: None | Sequence[str] = ...,
+    deletechars: str = ...,
+    replace_space: str = ...,
+    autostrip: bool = ...,
+    case_sensitive: bool | L['upper', 'lower'] = ...,
+    defaultfmt: str = ...,
+    unpack: None | bool = ...,
+    usemask: bool = ...,
+    loose: bool = ...,
+    invalid_raise: bool = ...,
+    max_rows: None | int = ...,
+    encoding: str = ...,
+    *,
+    ndmin: L[0, 1, 2] = ...,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def genfromtxt(
+    fname: str | os.PathLike[str] | Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes],
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_SCT],
+    comments: str = ...,
+    delimiter: None | str | int | Iterable[int] = ...,
+    skip_header: int = ...,
+    skip_footer: int = ...,
+    converters: None | Mapping[int | str, Callable[[str], Any]] = ...,
+    missing_values: Any = ...,
+    filling_values: Any = ...,
+    usecols: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    names: L[None, True] | str | Collection[str] = ...,
+    excludelist: None | Sequence[str] = ...,
+    deletechars: str = ...,
+    replace_space: str = ...,
+    autostrip: bool = ...,
+    case_sensitive: bool | L['upper', 'lower'] = ...,
+    defaultfmt: str = ...,
+    unpack: None | bool = ...,
+    usemask: bool = ...,
+    loose: bool = ...,
+    invalid_raise: bool = ...,
+    max_rows: None | int = ...,
+    encoding: str = ...,
+    *,
+    ndmin: L[0, 1, 2] = ...,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def genfromtxt(
+    fname: str | os.PathLike[str] | Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes],
+    dtype: DTypeLike,
+    comments: str = ...,
+    delimiter: None | str | int | Iterable[int] = ...,
+    skip_header: int = ...,
+    skip_footer: int = ...,
+    converters: None | Mapping[int | str, Callable[[str], Any]] = ...,
+    missing_values: Any = ...,
+    filling_values: Any = ...,
+    usecols: None | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    names: L[None, True] | str | Collection[str] = ...,
+    excludelist: None | Sequence[str] = ...,
+    deletechars: str = ...,
+    replace_space: str = ...,
+    autostrip: bool = ...,
+    case_sensitive: bool | L['upper', 'lower'] = ...,
+    defaultfmt: str = ...,
+    unpack: None | bool = ...,
+    usemask: bool = ...,
+    loose: bool = ...,
+    invalid_raise: bool = ...,
+    max_rows: None | int = ...,
+    encoding: str = ...,
+    *,
+    ndmin: L[0, 1, 2] = ...,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def recfromtxt(
+    fname: str | os.PathLike[str] | Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes],
+    *,
+    usemask: L[False] = ...,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> recarray[Any, dtype[record]]: ...
+@overload
+def recfromtxt(
+    fname: str | os.PathLike[str] | Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes],
+    *,
+    usemask: L[True],
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> MaskedRecords[Any, dtype[void]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def recfromcsv(
+    fname: str | os.PathLike[str] | Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes],
+    *,
+    usemask: L[False] = ...,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> recarray[Any, dtype[record]]: ...
+@overload
+def recfromcsv(
+    fname: str | os.PathLike[str] | Iterable[str] | Iterable[bytes],
+    *,
+    usemask: L[True],
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> MaskedRecords[Any, dtype[void]]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/polynomial.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/polynomial.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b8db2a9512694c8148cd6e3538c70087e3cd1a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/polynomial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1453 @@
+"""
+Functions to operate on polynomials.
+
+"""
+__all__ = ['poly', 'roots', 'polyint', 'polyder', 'polyadd',
+           'polysub', 'polymul', 'polydiv', 'polyval', 'poly1d',
+           'polyfit', 'RankWarning']
+
+import functools
+import re
+import warnings
+
+from .._utils import set_module
+import numpy.core.numeric as NX
+
+from numpy.core import (isscalar, abs, finfo, atleast_1d, hstack, dot, array,
+                        ones)
+from numpy.core import overrides
+from numpy.lib.twodim_base import diag, vander
+from numpy.lib.function_base import trim_zeros
+from numpy.lib.type_check import iscomplex, real, imag, mintypecode
+from numpy.linalg import eigvals, lstsq, inv
+
+
+array_function_dispatch = functools.partial(
+    overrides.array_function_dispatch, module='numpy')
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+class RankWarning(UserWarning):
+    """
+    Issued by `polyfit` when the Vandermonde matrix is rank deficient.
+
+    For more information, a way to suppress the warning, and an example of
+    `RankWarning` being issued, see `polyfit`.
+
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+def _poly_dispatcher(seq_of_zeros):
+    return seq_of_zeros
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_poly_dispatcher)
+def poly(seq_of_zeros):
+    """
+    Find the coefficients of a polynomial with the given sequence of roots.
+
+    .. note::
+       This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the
+       new polynomial API defined in `numpy.polynomial` is preferred.
+       A summary of the differences can be found in the
+       :doc:`transition guide `.
+
+    Returns the coefficients of the polynomial whose leading coefficient
+    is one for the given sequence of zeros (multiple roots must be included
+    in the sequence as many times as their multiplicity; see Examples).
+    A square matrix (or array, which will be treated as a matrix) can also
+    be given, in which case the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial
+    of the matrix are returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    seq_of_zeros : array_like, shape (N,) or (N, N)
+        A sequence of polynomial roots, or a square array or matrix object.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    c : ndarray
+        1D array of polynomial coefficients from highest to lowest degree:
+
+        ``c[0] * x**(N) + c[1] * x**(N-1) + ... + c[N-1] * x + c[N]``
+        where c[0] always equals 1.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If input is the wrong shape (the input must be a 1-D or square
+        2-D array).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyval : Compute polynomial values.
+    roots : Return the roots of a polynomial.
+    polyfit : Least squares polynomial fit.
+    poly1d : A one-dimensional polynomial class.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Specifying the roots of a polynomial still leaves one degree of
+    freedom, typically represented by an undetermined leading
+    coefficient. [1]_ In the case of this function, that coefficient -
+    the first one in the returned array - is always taken as one. (If
+    for some reason you have one other point, the only automatic way
+    presently to leverage that information is to use ``polyfit``.)
+
+    The characteristic polynomial, :math:`p_a(t)`, of an `n`-by-`n`
+    matrix **A** is given by
+
+        :math:`p_a(t) = \\mathrm{det}(t\\, \\mathbf{I} - \\mathbf{A})`,
+
+    where **I** is the `n`-by-`n` identity matrix. [2]_
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] M. Sullivan and M. Sullivan, III, "Algebra and Trigonometry,
+       Enhanced With Graphing Utilities," Prentice-Hall, pg. 318, 1996.
+
+    .. [2] G. Strang, "Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 2nd Edition,"
+       Academic Press, pg. 182, 1980.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Given a sequence of a polynomial's zeros:
+
+    >>> np.poly((0, 0, 0)) # Multiple root example
+    array([1., 0., 0., 0.])
+
+    The line above represents z**3 + 0*z**2 + 0*z + 0.
+
+    >>> np.poly((-1./2, 0, 1./2))
+    array([ 1.  ,  0.  , -0.25,  0.  ])
+
+    The line above represents z**3 - z/4
+
+    >>> np.poly((np.random.random(1)[0], 0, np.random.random(1)[0]))
+    array([ 1.        , -0.77086955,  0.08618131,  0.        ]) # random
+
+    Given a square array object:
+
+    >>> P = np.array([[0, 1./3], [-1./2, 0]])
+    >>> np.poly(P)
+    array([1.        , 0.        , 0.16666667])
+
+    Note how in all cases the leading coefficient is always 1.
+
+    """
+    seq_of_zeros = atleast_1d(seq_of_zeros)
+    sh = seq_of_zeros.shape
+
+    if len(sh) == 2 and sh[0] == sh[1] and sh[0] != 0:
+        seq_of_zeros = eigvals(seq_of_zeros)
+    elif len(sh) == 1:
+        dt = seq_of_zeros.dtype
+        # Let object arrays slip through, e.g. for arbitrary precision
+        if dt != object:
+            seq_of_zeros = seq_of_zeros.astype(mintypecode(dt.char))
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("input must be 1d or non-empty square 2d array.")
+
+    if len(seq_of_zeros) == 0:
+        return 1.0
+    dt = seq_of_zeros.dtype
+    a = ones((1,), dtype=dt)
+    for zero in seq_of_zeros:
+        a = NX.convolve(a, array([1, -zero], dtype=dt), mode='full')
+
+    if issubclass(a.dtype.type, NX.complexfloating):
+        # if complex roots are all complex conjugates, the roots are real.
+        roots = NX.asarray(seq_of_zeros, complex)
+        if NX.all(NX.sort(roots) == NX.sort(roots.conjugate())):
+            a = a.real.copy()
+
+    return a
+
+
+def _roots_dispatcher(p):
+    return p
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_roots_dispatcher)
+def roots(p):
+    """
+    Return the roots of a polynomial with coefficients given in p.
+
+    .. note::
+       This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the
+       new polynomial API defined in `numpy.polynomial` is preferred.
+       A summary of the differences can be found in the
+       :doc:`transition guide `.
+
+    The values in the rank-1 array `p` are coefficients of a polynomial.
+    If the length of `p` is n+1 then the polynomial is described by::
+
+      p[0] * x**n + p[1] * x**(n-1) + ... + p[n-1]*x + p[n]
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    p : array_like
+        Rank-1 array of polynomial coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        An array containing the roots of the polynomial.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        When `p` cannot be converted to a rank-1 array.
+
+    See also
+    --------
+    poly : Find the coefficients of a polynomial with a given sequence
+           of roots.
+    polyval : Compute polynomial values.
+    polyfit : Least squares polynomial fit.
+    poly1d : A one-dimensional polynomial class.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The algorithm relies on computing the eigenvalues of the
+    companion matrix [1]_.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] R. A. Horn & C. R. Johnson, *Matrix Analysis*.  Cambridge, UK:
+        Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 146-7.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> coeff = [3.2, 2, 1]
+    >>> np.roots(coeff)
+    array([-0.3125+0.46351241j, -0.3125-0.46351241j])
+
+    """
+    # If input is scalar, this makes it an array
+    p = atleast_1d(p)
+    if p.ndim != 1:
+        raise ValueError("Input must be a rank-1 array.")
+
+    # find non-zero array entries
+    non_zero = NX.nonzero(NX.ravel(p))[0]
+
+    # Return an empty array if polynomial is all zeros
+    if len(non_zero) == 0:
+        return NX.array([])
+
+    # find the number of trailing zeros -- this is the number of roots at 0.
+    trailing_zeros = len(p) - non_zero[-1] - 1
+
+    # strip leading and trailing zeros
+    p = p[int(non_zero[0]):int(non_zero[-1])+1]
+
+    # casting: if incoming array isn't floating point, make it floating point.
+    if not issubclass(p.dtype.type, (NX.floating, NX.complexfloating)):
+        p = p.astype(float)
+
+    N = len(p)
+    if N > 1:
+        # build companion matrix and find its eigenvalues (the roots)
+        A = diag(NX.ones((N-2,), p.dtype), -1)
+        A[0,:] = -p[1:] / p[0]
+        roots = eigvals(A)
+    else:
+        roots = NX.array([])
+
+    # tack any zeros onto the back of the array
+    roots = hstack((roots, NX.zeros(trailing_zeros, roots.dtype)))
+    return roots
+
+
+def _polyint_dispatcher(p, m=None, k=None):
+    return (p,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_polyint_dispatcher)
+def polyint(p, m=1, k=None):
+    """
+    Return an antiderivative (indefinite integral) of a polynomial.
+
+    .. note::
+       This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the
+       new polynomial API defined in `numpy.polynomial` is preferred.
+       A summary of the differences can be found in the
+       :doc:`transition guide `.
+
+    The returned order `m` antiderivative `P` of polynomial `p` satisfies
+    :math:`\\frac{d^m}{dx^m}P(x) = p(x)` and is defined up to `m - 1`
+    integration constants `k`. The constants determine the low-order
+    polynomial part
+
+    .. math:: \\frac{k_{m-1}}{0!} x^0 + \\ldots + \\frac{k_0}{(m-1)!}x^{m-1}
+
+    of `P` so that :math:`P^{(j)}(0) = k_{m-j-1}`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    p : array_like or poly1d
+        Polynomial to integrate.
+        A sequence is interpreted as polynomial coefficients, see `poly1d`.
+    m : int, optional
+        Order of the antiderivative. (Default: 1)
+    k : list of `m` scalars or scalar, optional
+        Integration constants. They are given in the order of integration:
+        those corresponding to highest-order terms come first.
+
+        If ``None`` (default), all constants are assumed to be zero.
+        If `m = 1`, a single scalar can be given instead of a list.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyder : derivative of a polynomial
+    poly1d.integ : equivalent method
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    The defining property of the antiderivative:
+
+    >>> p = np.poly1d([1,1,1])
+    >>> P = np.polyint(p)
+    >>> P
+     poly1d([ 0.33333333,  0.5       ,  1.        ,  0.        ]) # may vary
+    >>> np.polyder(P) == p
+    True
+
+    The integration constants default to zero, but can be specified:
+
+    >>> P = np.polyint(p, 3)
+    >>> P(0)
+    0.0
+    >>> np.polyder(P)(0)
+    0.0
+    >>> np.polyder(P, 2)(0)
+    0.0
+    >>> P = np.polyint(p, 3, k=[6,5,3])
+    >>> P
+    poly1d([ 0.01666667,  0.04166667,  0.16666667,  3. ,  5. ,  3. ]) # may vary
+
+    Note that 3 = 6 / 2!, and that the constants are given in the order of
+    integrations. Constant of the highest-order polynomial term comes first:
+
+    >>> np.polyder(P, 2)(0)
+    6.0
+    >>> np.polyder(P, 1)(0)
+    5.0
+    >>> P(0)
+    3.0
+
+    """
+    m = int(m)
+    if m < 0:
+        raise ValueError("Order of integral must be positive (see polyder)")
+    if k is None:
+        k = NX.zeros(m, float)
+    k = atleast_1d(k)
+    if len(k) == 1 and m > 1:
+        k = k[0]*NX.ones(m, float)
+    if len(k) < m:
+        raise ValueError(
+              "k must be a scalar or a rank-1 array of length 1 or >m.")
+
+    truepoly = isinstance(p, poly1d)
+    p = NX.asarray(p)
+    if m == 0:
+        if truepoly:
+            return poly1d(p)
+        return p
+    else:
+        # Note: this must work also with object and integer arrays
+        y = NX.concatenate((p.__truediv__(NX.arange(len(p), 0, -1)), [k[0]]))
+        val = polyint(y, m - 1, k=k[1:])
+        if truepoly:
+            return poly1d(val)
+        return val
+
+
+def _polyder_dispatcher(p, m=None):
+    return (p,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_polyder_dispatcher)
+def polyder(p, m=1):
+    """
+    Return the derivative of the specified order of a polynomial.
+
+    .. note::
+       This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the
+       new polynomial API defined in `numpy.polynomial` is preferred.
+       A summary of the differences can be found in the
+       :doc:`transition guide `.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    p : poly1d or sequence
+        Polynomial to differentiate.
+        A sequence is interpreted as polynomial coefficients, see `poly1d`.
+    m : int, optional
+        Order of differentiation (default: 1)
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    der : poly1d
+        A new polynomial representing the derivative.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyint : Anti-derivative of a polynomial.
+    poly1d : Class for one-dimensional polynomials.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    The derivative of the polynomial :math:`x^3 + x^2 + x^1 + 1` is:
+
+    >>> p = np.poly1d([1,1,1,1])
+    >>> p2 = np.polyder(p)
+    >>> p2
+    poly1d([3, 2, 1])
+
+    which evaluates to:
+
+    >>> p2(2.)
+    17.0
+
+    We can verify this, approximating the derivative with
+    ``(f(x + h) - f(x))/h``:
+
+    >>> (p(2. + 0.001) - p(2.)) / 0.001
+    17.007000999997857
+
+    The fourth-order derivative of a 3rd-order polynomial is zero:
+
+    >>> np.polyder(p, 2)
+    poly1d([6, 2])
+    >>> np.polyder(p, 3)
+    poly1d([6])
+    >>> np.polyder(p, 4)
+    poly1d([0])
+
+    """
+    m = int(m)
+    if m < 0:
+        raise ValueError("Order of derivative must be positive (see polyint)")
+
+    truepoly = isinstance(p, poly1d)
+    p = NX.asarray(p)
+    n = len(p) - 1
+    y = p[:-1] * NX.arange(n, 0, -1)
+    if m == 0:
+        val = p
+    else:
+        val = polyder(y, m - 1)
+    if truepoly:
+        val = poly1d(val)
+    return val
+
+
+def _polyfit_dispatcher(x, y, deg, rcond=None, full=None, w=None, cov=None):
+    return (x, y, w)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_polyfit_dispatcher)
+def polyfit(x, y, deg, rcond=None, full=False, w=None, cov=False):
+    """
+    Least squares polynomial fit.
+
+    .. note::
+       This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the
+       new polynomial API defined in `numpy.polynomial` is preferred.
+       A summary of the differences can be found in the
+       :doc:`transition guide `.
+
+    Fit a polynomial ``p(x) = p[0] * x**deg + ... + p[deg]`` of degree `deg`
+    to points `(x, y)`. Returns a vector of coefficients `p` that minimises
+    the squared error in the order `deg`, `deg-1`, ... `0`.
+
+    The `Polynomial.fit ` class
+    method is recommended for new code as it is more stable numerically. See
+    the documentation of the method for more information.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, shape (M,)
+        x-coordinates of the M sample points ``(x[i], y[i])``.
+    y : array_like, shape (M,) or (M, K)
+        y-coordinates of the sample points. Several data sets of sample
+        points sharing the same x-coordinates can be fitted at once by
+        passing in a 2D-array that contains one dataset per column.
+    deg : int
+        Degree of the fitting polynomial
+    rcond : float, optional
+        Relative condition number of the fit. Singular values smaller than
+        this relative to the largest singular value will be ignored. The
+        default value is len(x)*eps, where eps is the relative precision of
+        the float type, about 2e-16 in most cases.
+    full : bool, optional
+        Switch determining nature of return value. When it is False (the
+        default) just the coefficients are returned, when True diagnostic
+        information from the singular value decomposition is also returned.
+    w : array_like, shape (M,), optional
+        Weights. If not None, the weight ``w[i]`` applies to the unsquared
+        residual ``y[i] - y_hat[i]`` at ``x[i]``. Ideally the weights are
+        chosen so that the errors of the products ``w[i]*y[i]`` all have the
+        same variance.  When using inverse-variance weighting, use
+        ``w[i] = 1/sigma(y[i])``.  The default value is None.
+    cov : bool or str, optional
+        If given and not `False`, return not just the estimate but also its
+        covariance matrix. By default, the covariance are scaled by
+        chi2/dof, where dof = M - (deg + 1), i.e., the weights are presumed
+        to be unreliable except in a relative sense and everything is scaled
+        such that the reduced chi2 is unity. This scaling is omitted if
+        ``cov='unscaled'``, as is relevant for the case that the weights are
+        w = 1/sigma, with sigma known to be a reliable estimate of the
+        uncertainty.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    p : ndarray, shape (deg + 1,) or (deg + 1, K)
+        Polynomial coefficients, highest power first.  If `y` was 2-D, the
+        coefficients for `k`-th data set are in ``p[:,k]``.
+
+    residuals, rank, singular_values, rcond
+        These values are only returned if ``full == True``
+
+        - residuals -- sum of squared residuals of the least squares fit
+        - rank -- the effective rank of the scaled Vandermonde
+           coefficient matrix
+        - singular_values -- singular values of the scaled Vandermonde
+           coefficient matrix
+        - rcond -- value of `rcond`.
+
+        For more details, see `numpy.linalg.lstsq`.
+
+    V : ndarray, shape (M,M) or (M,M,K)
+        Present only if ``full == False`` and ``cov == True``.  The covariance
+        matrix of the polynomial coefficient estimates.  The diagonal of
+        this matrix are the variance estimates for each coefficient.  If y
+        is a 2-D array, then the covariance matrix for the `k`-th data set
+        are in ``V[:,:,k]``
+
+
+    Warns
+    -----
+    RankWarning
+        The rank of the coefficient matrix in the least-squares fit is
+        deficient. The warning is only raised if ``full == False``.
+
+        The warnings can be turned off by
+
+        >>> import warnings
+        >>> warnings.simplefilter('ignore', np.RankWarning)
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyval : Compute polynomial values.
+    linalg.lstsq : Computes a least-squares fit.
+    scipy.interpolate.UnivariateSpline : Computes spline fits.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The solution minimizes the squared error
+
+    .. math::
+        E = \\sum_{j=0}^k |p(x_j) - y_j|^2
+
+    in the equations::
+
+        x[0]**n * p[0] + ... + x[0] * p[n-1] + p[n] = y[0]
+        x[1]**n * p[0] + ... + x[1] * p[n-1] + p[n] = y[1]
+        ...
+        x[k]**n * p[0] + ... + x[k] * p[n-1] + p[n] = y[k]
+
+    The coefficient matrix of the coefficients `p` is a Vandermonde matrix.
+
+    `polyfit` issues a `RankWarning` when the least-squares fit is badly
+    conditioned. This implies that the best fit is not well-defined due
+    to numerical error. The results may be improved by lowering the polynomial
+    degree or by replacing `x` by `x` - `x`.mean(). The `rcond` parameter
+    can also be set to a value smaller than its default, but the resulting
+    fit may be spurious: including contributions from the small singular
+    values can add numerical noise to the result.
+
+    Note that fitting polynomial coefficients is inherently badly conditioned
+    when the degree of the polynomial is large or the interval of sample points
+    is badly centered. The quality of the fit should always be checked in these
+    cases. When polynomial fits are not satisfactory, splines may be a good
+    alternative.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Wikipedia, "Curve fitting",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve_fitting
+    .. [2] Wikipedia, "Polynomial interpolation",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial_interpolation
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import warnings
+    >>> x = np.array([0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0,  4.0,  5.0])
+    >>> y = np.array([0.0, 0.8, 0.9, 0.1, -0.8, -1.0])
+    >>> z = np.polyfit(x, y, 3)
+    >>> z
+    array([ 0.08703704, -0.81349206,  1.69312169, -0.03968254]) # may vary
+
+    It is convenient to use `poly1d` objects for dealing with polynomials:
+
+    >>> p = np.poly1d(z)
+    >>> p(0.5)
+    0.6143849206349179 # may vary
+    >>> p(3.5)
+    -0.34732142857143039 # may vary
+    >>> p(10)
+    22.579365079365115 # may vary
+
+    High-order polynomials may oscillate wildly:
+
+    >>> with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    ...     warnings.simplefilter('ignore', np.RankWarning)
+    ...     p30 = np.poly1d(np.polyfit(x, y, 30))
+    ...
+    >>> p30(4)
+    -0.80000000000000204 # may vary
+    >>> p30(5)
+    -0.99999999999999445 # may vary
+    >>> p30(4.5)
+    -0.10547061179440398 # may vary
+
+    Illustration:
+
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    >>> xp = np.linspace(-2, 6, 100)
+    >>> _ = plt.plot(x, y, '.', xp, p(xp), '-', xp, p30(xp), '--')
+    >>> plt.ylim(-2,2)
+    (-2, 2)
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    """
+    order = int(deg) + 1
+    x = NX.asarray(x) + 0.0
+    y = NX.asarray(y) + 0.0
+
+    # check arguments.
+    if deg < 0:
+        raise ValueError("expected deg >= 0")
+    if x.ndim != 1:
+        raise TypeError("expected 1D vector for x")
+    if x.size == 0:
+        raise TypeError("expected non-empty vector for x")
+    if y.ndim < 1 or y.ndim > 2:
+        raise TypeError("expected 1D or 2D array for y")
+    if x.shape[0] != y.shape[0]:
+        raise TypeError("expected x and y to have same length")
+
+    # set rcond
+    if rcond is None:
+        rcond = len(x)*finfo(x.dtype).eps
+
+    # set up least squares equation for powers of x
+    lhs = vander(x, order)
+    rhs = y
+
+    # apply weighting
+    if w is not None:
+        w = NX.asarray(w) + 0.0
+        if w.ndim != 1:
+            raise TypeError("expected a 1-d array for weights")
+        if w.shape[0] != y.shape[0]:
+            raise TypeError("expected w and y to have the same length")
+        lhs *= w[:, NX.newaxis]
+        if rhs.ndim == 2:
+            rhs *= w[:, NX.newaxis]
+        else:
+            rhs *= w
+
+    # scale lhs to improve condition number and solve
+    scale = NX.sqrt((lhs*lhs).sum(axis=0))
+    lhs /= scale
+    c, resids, rank, s = lstsq(lhs, rhs, rcond)
+    c = (c.T/scale).T  # broadcast scale coefficients
+
+    # warn on rank reduction, which indicates an ill conditioned matrix
+    if rank != order and not full:
+        msg = "Polyfit may be poorly conditioned"
+        warnings.warn(msg, RankWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+    if full:
+        return c, resids, rank, s, rcond
+    elif cov:
+        Vbase = inv(dot(lhs.T, lhs))
+        Vbase /= NX.outer(scale, scale)
+        if cov == "unscaled":
+            fac = 1
+        else:
+            if len(x) <= order:
+                raise ValueError("the number of data points must exceed order "
+                                 "to scale the covariance matrix")
+            # note, this used to be: fac = resids / (len(x) - order - 2.0)
+            # it was deciced that the "- 2" (originally justified by "Bayesian
+            # uncertainty analysis") is not what the user expects
+            # (see gh-11196 and gh-11197)
+            fac = resids / (len(x) - order)
+        if y.ndim == 1:
+            return c, Vbase * fac
+        else:
+            return c, Vbase[:,:, NX.newaxis] * fac
+    else:
+        return c
+
+
+def _polyval_dispatcher(p, x):
+    return (p, x)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_polyval_dispatcher)
+def polyval(p, x):
+    """
+    Evaluate a polynomial at specific values.
+
+    .. note::
+       This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the
+       new polynomial API defined in `numpy.polynomial` is preferred.
+       A summary of the differences can be found in the
+       :doc:`transition guide `.
+
+    If `p` is of length N, this function returns the value:
+
+        ``p[0]*x**(N-1) + p[1]*x**(N-2) + ... + p[N-2]*x + p[N-1]``
+
+    If `x` is a sequence, then ``p(x)`` is returned for each element of ``x``.
+    If `x` is another polynomial then the composite polynomial ``p(x(t))``
+    is returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    p : array_like or poly1d object
+       1D array of polynomial coefficients (including coefficients equal
+       to zero) from highest degree to the constant term, or an
+       instance of poly1d.
+    x : array_like or poly1d object
+       A number, an array of numbers, or an instance of poly1d, at
+       which to evaluate `p`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray or poly1d
+       If `x` is a poly1d instance, the result is the composition of the two
+       polynomials, i.e., `x` is "substituted" in `p` and the simplified
+       result is returned. In addition, the type of `x` - array_like or
+       poly1d - governs the type of the output: `x` array_like => `values`
+       array_like, `x` a poly1d object => `values` is also.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    poly1d: A polynomial class.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Horner's scheme [1]_ is used to evaluate the polynomial. Even so,
+    for polynomials of high degree the values may be inaccurate due to
+    rounding errors. Use carefully.
+
+    If `x` is a subtype of `ndarray` the return value will be of the same type.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] I. N. Bronshtein, K. A. Semendyayev, and K. A. Hirsch (Eng.
+       trans. Ed.), *Handbook of Mathematics*, New York, Van Nostrand
+       Reinhold Co., 1985, pg. 720.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.polyval([3,0,1], 5)  # 3 * 5**2 + 0 * 5**1 + 1
+    76
+    >>> np.polyval([3,0,1], np.poly1d(5))
+    poly1d([76])
+    >>> np.polyval(np.poly1d([3,0,1]), 5)
+    76
+    >>> np.polyval(np.poly1d([3,0,1]), np.poly1d(5))
+    poly1d([76])
+
+    """
+    p = NX.asarray(p)
+    if isinstance(x, poly1d):
+        y = 0
+    else:
+        x = NX.asanyarray(x)
+        y = NX.zeros_like(x)
+    for pv in p:
+        y = y * x + pv
+    return y
+
+
+def _binary_op_dispatcher(a1, a2):
+    return (a1, a2)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_binary_op_dispatcher)
+def polyadd(a1, a2):
+    """
+    Find the sum of two polynomials.
+
+    .. note::
+       This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the
+       new polynomial API defined in `numpy.polynomial` is preferred.
+       A summary of the differences can be found in the
+       :doc:`transition guide `.
+
+    Returns the polynomial resulting from the sum of two input polynomials.
+    Each input must be either a poly1d object or a 1D sequence of polynomial
+    coefficients, from highest to lowest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a1, a2 : array_like or poly1d object
+        Input polynomials.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or poly1d object
+        The sum of the inputs. If either input is a poly1d object, then the
+        output is also a poly1d object. Otherwise, it is a 1D array of
+        polynomial coefficients from highest to lowest degree.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    poly1d : A one-dimensional polynomial class.
+    poly, polyadd, polyder, polydiv, polyfit, polyint, polysub, polyval
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.polyadd([1, 2], [9, 5, 4])
+    array([9, 6, 6])
+
+    Using poly1d objects:
+
+    >>> p1 = np.poly1d([1, 2])
+    >>> p2 = np.poly1d([9, 5, 4])
+    >>> print(p1)
+    1 x + 2
+    >>> print(p2)
+       2
+    9 x + 5 x + 4
+    >>> print(np.polyadd(p1, p2))
+       2
+    9 x + 6 x + 6
+
+    """
+    truepoly = (isinstance(a1, poly1d) or isinstance(a2, poly1d))
+    a1 = atleast_1d(a1)
+    a2 = atleast_1d(a2)
+    diff = len(a2) - len(a1)
+    if diff == 0:
+        val = a1 + a2
+    elif diff > 0:
+        zr = NX.zeros(diff, a1.dtype)
+        val = NX.concatenate((zr, a1)) + a2
+    else:
+        zr = NX.zeros(abs(diff), a2.dtype)
+        val = a1 + NX.concatenate((zr, a2))
+    if truepoly:
+        val = poly1d(val)
+    return val
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_binary_op_dispatcher)
+def polysub(a1, a2):
+    """
+    Difference (subtraction) of two polynomials.
+
+    .. note::
+       This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the
+       new polynomial API defined in `numpy.polynomial` is preferred.
+       A summary of the differences can be found in the
+       :doc:`transition guide `.
+
+    Given two polynomials `a1` and `a2`, returns ``a1 - a2``.
+    `a1` and `a2` can be either array_like sequences of the polynomials'
+    coefficients (including coefficients equal to zero), or `poly1d` objects.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a1, a2 : array_like or poly1d
+        Minuend and subtrahend polynomials, respectively.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or poly1d
+        Array or `poly1d` object of the difference polynomial's coefficients.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyval, polydiv, polymul, polyadd
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. math:: (2 x^2 + 10 x - 2) - (3 x^2 + 10 x -4) = (-x^2 + 2)
+
+    >>> np.polysub([2, 10, -2], [3, 10, -4])
+    array([-1,  0,  2])
+
+    """
+    truepoly = (isinstance(a1, poly1d) or isinstance(a2, poly1d))
+    a1 = atleast_1d(a1)
+    a2 = atleast_1d(a2)
+    diff = len(a2) - len(a1)
+    if diff == 0:
+        val = a1 - a2
+    elif diff > 0:
+        zr = NX.zeros(diff, a1.dtype)
+        val = NX.concatenate((zr, a1)) - a2
+    else:
+        zr = NX.zeros(abs(diff), a2.dtype)
+        val = a1 - NX.concatenate((zr, a2))
+    if truepoly:
+        val = poly1d(val)
+    return val
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_binary_op_dispatcher)
+def polymul(a1, a2):
+    """
+    Find the product of two polynomials.
+
+    .. note::
+       This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the
+       new polynomial API defined in `numpy.polynomial` is preferred.
+       A summary of the differences can be found in the
+       :doc:`transition guide `.
+
+    Finds the polynomial resulting from the multiplication of the two input
+    polynomials. Each input must be either a poly1d object or a 1D sequence
+    of polynomial coefficients, from highest to lowest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a1, a2 : array_like or poly1d object
+        Input polynomials.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or poly1d object
+        The polynomial resulting from the multiplication of the inputs. If
+        either inputs is a poly1d object, then the output is also a poly1d
+        object. Otherwise, it is a 1D array of polynomial coefficients from
+        highest to lowest degree.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    poly1d : A one-dimensional polynomial class.
+    poly, polyadd, polyder, polydiv, polyfit, polyint, polysub, polyval
+    convolve : Array convolution. Same output as polymul, but has parameter
+               for overlap mode.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.polymul([1, 2, 3], [9, 5, 1])
+    array([ 9, 23, 38, 17,  3])
+
+    Using poly1d objects:
+
+    >>> p1 = np.poly1d([1, 2, 3])
+    >>> p2 = np.poly1d([9, 5, 1])
+    >>> print(p1)
+       2
+    1 x + 2 x + 3
+    >>> print(p2)
+       2
+    9 x + 5 x + 1
+    >>> print(np.polymul(p1, p2))
+       4      3      2
+    9 x + 23 x + 38 x + 17 x + 3
+
+    """
+    truepoly = (isinstance(a1, poly1d) or isinstance(a2, poly1d))
+    a1, a2 = poly1d(a1), poly1d(a2)
+    val = NX.convolve(a1, a2)
+    if truepoly:
+        val = poly1d(val)
+    return val
+
+
+def _polydiv_dispatcher(u, v):
+    return (u, v)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_polydiv_dispatcher)
+def polydiv(u, v):
+    """
+    Returns the quotient and remainder of polynomial division.
+
+    .. note::
+       This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the
+       new polynomial API defined in `numpy.polynomial` is preferred.
+       A summary of the differences can be found in the
+       :doc:`transition guide `.
+
+    The input arrays are the coefficients (including any coefficients
+    equal to zero) of the "numerator" (dividend) and "denominator"
+    (divisor) polynomials, respectively.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    u : array_like or poly1d
+        Dividend polynomial's coefficients.
+
+    v : array_like or poly1d
+        Divisor polynomial's coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    q : ndarray
+        Coefficients, including those equal to zero, of the quotient.
+    r : ndarray
+        Coefficients, including those equal to zero, of the remainder.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    poly, polyadd, polyder, polydiv, polyfit, polyint, polymul, polysub
+    polyval
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Both `u` and `v` must be 0-d or 1-d (ndim = 0 or 1), but `u.ndim` need
+    not equal `v.ndim`. In other words, all four possible combinations -
+    ``u.ndim = v.ndim = 0``, ``u.ndim = v.ndim = 1``,
+    ``u.ndim = 1, v.ndim = 0``, and ``u.ndim = 0, v.ndim = 1`` - work.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. math:: \\frac{3x^2 + 5x + 2}{2x + 1} = 1.5x + 1.75, remainder 0.25
+
+    >>> x = np.array([3.0, 5.0, 2.0])
+    >>> y = np.array([2.0, 1.0])
+    >>> np.polydiv(x, y)
+    (array([1.5 , 1.75]), array([0.25]))
+
+    """
+    truepoly = (isinstance(u, poly1d) or isinstance(v, poly1d))
+    u = atleast_1d(u) + 0.0
+    v = atleast_1d(v) + 0.0
+    # w has the common type
+    w = u[0] + v[0]
+    m = len(u) - 1
+    n = len(v) - 1
+    scale = 1. / v[0]
+    q = NX.zeros((max(m - n + 1, 1),), w.dtype)
+    r = u.astype(w.dtype)
+    for k in range(0, m-n+1):
+        d = scale * r[k]
+        q[k] = d
+        r[k:k+n+1] -= d*v
+    while NX.allclose(r[0], 0, rtol=1e-14) and (r.shape[-1] > 1):
+        r = r[1:]
+    if truepoly:
+        return poly1d(q), poly1d(r)
+    return q, r
+
+_poly_mat = re.compile(r"\*\*([0-9]*)")
+def _raise_power(astr, wrap=70):
+    n = 0
+    line1 = ''
+    line2 = ''
+    output = ' '
+    while True:
+        mat = _poly_mat.search(astr, n)
+        if mat is None:
+            break
+        span = mat.span()
+        power = mat.groups()[0]
+        partstr = astr[n:span[0]]
+        n = span[1]
+        toadd2 = partstr + ' '*(len(power)-1)
+        toadd1 = ' '*(len(partstr)-1) + power
+        if ((len(line2) + len(toadd2) > wrap) or
+                (len(line1) + len(toadd1) > wrap)):
+            output += line1 + "\n" + line2 + "\n "
+            line1 = toadd1
+            line2 = toadd2
+        else:
+            line2 += partstr + ' '*(len(power)-1)
+            line1 += ' '*(len(partstr)-1) + power
+    output += line1 + "\n" + line2
+    return output + astr[n:]
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+class poly1d:
+    """
+    A one-dimensional polynomial class.
+
+    .. note::
+       This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the
+       new polynomial API defined in `numpy.polynomial` is preferred.
+       A summary of the differences can be found in the
+       :doc:`transition guide `.
+
+    A convenience class, used to encapsulate "natural" operations on
+    polynomials so that said operations may take on their customary
+    form in code (see Examples).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c_or_r : array_like
+        The polynomial's coefficients, in decreasing powers, or if
+        the value of the second parameter is True, the polynomial's
+        roots (values where the polynomial evaluates to 0).  For example,
+        ``poly1d([1, 2, 3])`` returns an object that represents
+        :math:`x^2 + 2x + 3`, whereas ``poly1d([1, 2, 3], True)`` returns
+        one that represents :math:`(x-1)(x-2)(x-3) = x^3 - 6x^2 + 11x -6`.
+    r : bool, optional
+        If True, `c_or_r` specifies the polynomial's roots; the default
+        is False.
+    variable : str, optional
+        Changes the variable used when printing `p` from `x` to `variable`
+        (see Examples).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Construct the polynomial :math:`x^2 + 2x + 3`:
+
+    >>> p = np.poly1d([1, 2, 3])
+    >>> print(np.poly1d(p))
+       2
+    1 x + 2 x + 3
+
+    Evaluate the polynomial at :math:`x = 0.5`:
+
+    >>> p(0.5)
+    4.25
+
+    Find the roots:
+
+    >>> p.r
+    array([-1.+1.41421356j, -1.-1.41421356j])
+    >>> p(p.r)
+    array([ -4.44089210e-16+0.j,  -4.44089210e-16+0.j]) # may vary
+
+    These numbers in the previous line represent (0, 0) to machine precision
+
+    Show the coefficients:
+
+    >>> p.c
+    array([1, 2, 3])
+
+    Display the order (the leading zero-coefficients are removed):
+
+    >>> p.order
+    2
+
+    Show the coefficient of the k-th power in the polynomial
+    (which is equivalent to ``p.c[-(i+1)]``):
+
+    >>> p[1]
+    2
+
+    Polynomials can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided
+    (returns quotient and remainder):
+
+    >>> p * p
+    poly1d([ 1,  4, 10, 12,  9])
+
+    >>> (p**3 + 4) / p
+    (poly1d([ 1.,  4., 10., 12.,  9.]), poly1d([4.]))
+
+    ``asarray(p)`` gives the coefficient array, so polynomials can be
+    used in all functions that accept arrays:
+
+    >>> p**2 # square of polynomial
+    poly1d([ 1,  4, 10, 12,  9])
+
+    >>> np.square(p) # square of individual coefficients
+    array([1, 4, 9])
+
+    The variable used in the string representation of `p` can be modified,
+    using the `variable` parameter:
+
+    >>> p = np.poly1d([1,2,3], variable='z')
+    >>> print(p)
+       2
+    1 z + 2 z + 3
+
+    Construct a polynomial from its roots:
+
+    >>> np.poly1d([1, 2], True)
+    poly1d([ 1., -3.,  2.])
+
+    This is the same polynomial as obtained by:
+
+    >>> np.poly1d([1, -1]) * np.poly1d([1, -2])
+    poly1d([ 1, -3,  2])
+
+    """
+    __hash__ = None
+
+    @property
+    def coeffs(self):
+        """ The polynomial coefficients """
+        return self._coeffs
+
+    @coeffs.setter
+    def coeffs(self, value):
+        # allowing this makes p.coeffs *= 2 legal
+        if value is not self._coeffs:
+            raise AttributeError("Cannot set attribute")
+
+    @property
+    def variable(self):
+        """ The name of the polynomial variable """
+        return self._variable
+
+    # calculated attributes
+    @property
+    def order(self):
+        """ The order or degree of the polynomial """
+        return len(self._coeffs) - 1
+
+    @property
+    def roots(self):
+        """ The roots of the polynomial, where self(x) == 0 """
+        return roots(self._coeffs)
+
+    # our internal _coeffs property need to be backed by __dict__['coeffs'] for
+    # scipy to work correctly.
+    @property
+    def _coeffs(self):
+        return self.__dict__['coeffs']
+    @_coeffs.setter
+    def _coeffs(self, coeffs):
+        self.__dict__['coeffs'] = coeffs
+
+    # alias attributes
+    r = roots
+    c = coef = coefficients = coeffs
+    o = order
+
+    def __init__(self, c_or_r, r=False, variable=None):
+        if isinstance(c_or_r, poly1d):
+            self._variable = c_or_r._variable
+            self._coeffs = c_or_r._coeffs
+
+            if set(c_or_r.__dict__) - set(self.__dict__):
+                msg = ("In the future extra properties will not be copied "
+                       "across when constructing one poly1d from another")
+                warnings.warn(msg, FutureWarning, stacklevel=2)
+                self.__dict__.update(c_or_r.__dict__)
+
+            if variable is not None:
+                self._variable = variable
+            return
+        if r:
+            c_or_r = poly(c_or_r)
+        c_or_r = atleast_1d(c_or_r)
+        if c_or_r.ndim > 1:
+            raise ValueError("Polynomial must be 1d only.")
+        c_or_r = trim_zeros(c_or_r, trim='f')
+        if len(c_or_r) == 0:
+            c_or_r = NX.array([0], dtype=c_or_r.dtype)
+        self._coeffs = c_or_r
+        if variable is None:
+            variable = 'x'
+        self._variable = variable
+
+    def __array__(self, t=None):
+        if t:
+            return NX.asarray(self.coeffs, t)
+        else:
+            return NX.asarray(self.coeffs)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        vals = repr(self.coeffs)
+        vals = vals[6:-1]
+        return "poly1d(%s)" % vals
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self.order
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        thestr = "0"
+        var = self.variable
+
+        # Remove leading zeros
+        coeffs = self.coeffs[NX.logical_or.accumulate(self.coeffs != 0)]
+        N = len(coeffs)-1
+
+        def fmt_float(q):
+            s = '%.4g' % q
+            if s.endswith('.0000'):
+                s = s[:-5]
+            return s
+
+        for k, coeff in enumerate(coeffs):
+            if not iscomplex(coeff):
+                coefstr = fmt_float(real(coeff))
+            elif real(coeff) == 0:
+                coefstr = '%sj' % fmt_float(imag(coeff))
+            else:
+                coefstr = '(%s + %sj)' % (fmt_float(real(coeff)),
+                                          fmt_float(imag(coeff)))
+
+            power = (N-k)
+            if power == 0:
+                if coefstr != '0':
+                    newstr = '%s' % (coefstr,)
+                else:
+                    if k == 0:
+                        newstr = '0'
+                    else:
+                        newstr = ''
+            elif power == 1:
+                if coefstr == '0':
+                    newstr = ''
+                elif coefstr == 'b':
+                    newstr = var
+                else:
+                    newstr = '%s %s' % (coefstr, var)
+            else:
+                if coefstr == '0':
+                    newstr = ''
+                elif coefstr == 'b':
+                    newstr = '%s**%d' % (var, power,)
+                else:
+                    newstr = '%s %s**%d' % (coefstr, var, power)
+
+            if k > 0:
+                if newstr != '':
+                    if newstr.startswith('-'):
+                        thestr = "%s - %s" % (thestr, newstr[1:])
+                    else:
+                        thestr = "%s + %s" % (thestr, newstr)
+            else:
+                thestr = newstr
+        return _raise_power(thestr)
+
+    def __call__(self, val):
+        return polyval(self.coeffs, val)
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        return poly1d(-self.coeffs)
+
+    def __pos__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        if isscalar(other):
+            return poly1d(self.coeffs * other)
+        else:
+            other = poly1d(other)
+            return poly1d(polymul(self.coeffs, other.coeffs))
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
+        if isscalar(other):
+            return poly1d(other * self.coeffs)
+        else:
+            other = poly1d(other)
+            return poly1d(polymul(self.coeffs, other.coeffs))
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        other = poly1d(other)
+        return poly1d(polyadd(self.coeffs, other.coeffs))
+
+    def __radd__(self, other):
+        other = poly1d(other)
+        return poly1d(polyadd(self.coeffs, other.coeffs))
+
+    def __pow__(self, val):
+        if not isscalar(val) or int(val) != val or val < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Power to non-negative integers only.")
+        res = [1]
+        for _ in range(val):
+            res = polymul(self.coeffs, res)
+        return poly1d(res)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        other = poly1d(other)
+        return poly1d(polysub(self.coeffs, other.coeffs))
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other):
+        other = poly1d(other)
+        return poly1d(polysub(other.coeffs, self.coeffs))
+
+    def __div__(self, other):
+        if isscalar(other):
+            return poly1d(self.coeffs/other)
+        else:
+            other = poly1d(other)
+            return polydiv(self, other)
+
+    __truediv__ = __div__
+
+    def __rdiv__(self, other):
+        if isscalar(other):
+            return poly1d(other/self.coeffs)
+        else:
+            other = poly1d(other)
+            return polydiv(other, self)
+
+    __rtruediv__ = __rdiv__
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, poly1d):
+            return NotImplemented
+        if self.coeffs.shape != other.coeffs.shape:
+            return False
+        return (self.coeffs == other.coeffs).all()
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, poly1d):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+
+    def __getitem__(self, val):
+        ind = self.order - val
+        if val > self.order:
+            return self.coeffs.dtype.type(0)
+        if val < 0:
+            return self.coeffs.dtype.type(0)
+        return self.coeffs[ind]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, val):
+        ind = self.order - key
+        if key < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Does not support negative powers.")
+        if key > self.order:
+            zr = NX.zeros(key-self.order, self.coeffs.dtype)
+            self._coeffs = NX.concatenate((zr, self.coeffs))
+            ind = 0
+        self._coeffs[ind] = val
+        return
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self.coeffs)
+
+    def integ(self, m=1, k=0):
+        """
+        Return an antiderivative (indefinite integral) of this polynomial.
+
+        Refer to `polyint` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        polyint : equivalent function
+
+        """
+        return poly1d(polyint(self.coeffs, m=m, k=k))
+
+    def deriv(self, m=1):
+        """
+        Return a derivative of this polynomial.
+
+        Refer to `polyder` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        polyder : equivalent function
+
+        """
+        return poly1d(polyder(self.coeffs, m=m))
+
+# Stuff to do on module import
+
+warnings.simplefilter('always', RankWarning)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/polynomial.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/polynomial.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14bbaf39d24944fb565cf543002ce1a8ba06ffe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/polynomial.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+from typing import (
+    Literal as L,
+    overload,
+    Any,
+    SupportsInt,
+    SupportsIndex,
+    TypeVar,
+    NoReturn,
+)
+
+from numpy import (
+    RankWarning as RankWarning,
+    poly1d as poly1d,
+    unsignedinteger,
+    signedinteger,
+    floating,
+    complexfloating,
+    bool_,
+    int32,
+    int64,
+    float64,
+    complex128,
+    object_,
+)
+
+from numpy._typing import (
+    NDArray,
+    ArrayLike,
+    _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+    _ArrayLikeUInt_co,
+    _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+_2Tup = tuple[_T, _T]
+_5Tup = tuple[
+    _T,
+    NDArray[float64],
+    NDArray[int32],
+    NDArray[float64],
+    NDArray[float64],
+]
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+def poly(seq_of_zeros: ArrayLike) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+
+# Returns either a float or complex array depending on the input values.
+# See `np.linalg.eigvals`.
+def roots(p: ArrayLike) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]] | NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def polyint(
+    p: poly1d,
+    m: SupportsInt | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    k: None | _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co = ...,
+) -> poly1d: ...
+@overload
+def polyint(
+    p: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    m: SupportsInt | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    k: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyint(
+    p: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    m: SupportsInt | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    k: None | _ArrayLikeComplex_co = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyint(
+    p: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    m: SupportsInt | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    k: None | _ArrayLikeObject_co = ...,
+) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+
+@overload
+def polyder(
+    p: poly1d,
+    m: SupportsInt | SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> poly1d: ...
+@overload
+def polyder(
+    p: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    m: SupportsInt | SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyder(
+    p: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    m: SupportsInt | SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyder(
+    p: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    m: SupportsInt | SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+
+@overload
+def polyfit(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    y: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    deg: SupportsIndex | SupportsInt,
+    rcond: None | float = ...,
+    full: L[False] = ...,
+    w: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    cov: L[False] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def polyfit(
+    x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    y: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    deg: SupportsIndex | SupportsInt,
+    rcond: None | float = ...,
+    full: L[False] = ...,
+    w: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    cov: L[False] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complex128]: ...
+@overload
+def polyfit(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    y: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    deg: SupportsIndex | SupportsInt,
+    rcond: None | float = ...,
+    full: L[False] = ...,
+    w: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    cov: L[True, "unscaled"] = ...,
+) -> _2Tup[NDArray[float64]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyfit(
+    x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    y: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    deg: SupportsIndex | SupportsInt,
+    rcond: None | float = ...,
+    full: L[False] = ...,
+    w: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    cov: L[True, "unscaled"] = ...,
+) -> _2Tup[NDArray[complex128]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyfit(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    y: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    deg: SupportsIndex | SupportsInt,
+    rcond: None | float = ...,
+    full: L[True] = ...,
+    w: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    cov: bool | L["unscaled"] = ...,
+) -> _5Tup[NDArray[float64]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyfit(
+    x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    y: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    deg: SupportsIndex | SupportsInt,
+    rcond: None | float = ...,
+    full: L[True] = ...,
+    w: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    cov: bool | L["unscaled"] = ...,
+) -> _5Tup[NDArray[complex128]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def polyval(
+    p: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+    x: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+) -> NDArray[int64]: ...
+@overload
+def polyval(
+    p: _ArrayLikeUInt_co,
+    x: _ArrayLikeUInt_co,
+) -> NDArray[unsignedinteger[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyval(
+    p: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    x: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+) -> NDArray[signedinteger[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyval(
+    p: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyval(
+    p: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyval(
+    p: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    x: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+
+@overload
+def polyadd(
+    a1: poly1d,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+) -> poly1d: ...
+@overload
+def polyadd(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    a2: poly1d,
+) -> poly1d: ...
+@overload
+def polyadd(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+) -> NDArray[bool_]: ...
+@overload
+def polyadd(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeUInt_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeUInt_co,
+) -> NDArray[unsignedinteger[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyadd(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+) -> NDArray[signedinteger[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyadd(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyadd(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polyadd(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+
+@overload
+def polysub(
+    a1: poly1d,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+) -> poly1d: ...
+@overload
+def polysub(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    a2: poly1d,
+) -> poly1d: ...
+@overload
+def polysub(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+) -> NoReturn: ...
+@overload
+def polysub(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeUInt_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeUInt_co,
+) -> NDArray[unsignedinteger[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polysub(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+) -> NDArray[signedinteger[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polysub(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polysub(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def polysub(
+    a1: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    a2: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+
+# NOTE: Not an alias, but they do have the same signature (that we can reuse)
+polymul = polyadd
+
+@overload
+def polydiv(
+    u: poly1d,
+    v: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+) -> _2Tup[poly1d]: ...
+@overload
+def polydiv(
+    u: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    v: poly1d,
+) -> _2Tup[poly1d]: ...
+@overload
+def polydiv(
+    u: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    v: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+) -> _2Tup[NDArray[floating[Any]]]: ...
+@overload
+def polydiv(
+    u: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    v: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+) -> _2Tup[NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]]: ...
+@overload
+def polydiv(
+    u: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    v: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+) -> _2Tup[NDArray[Any]]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/recfunctions.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/recfunctions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83ae413c6032bceec05c7e4dce17e16113f7625c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/recfunctions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1673 @@
+"""
+Collection of utilities to manipulate structured arrays.
+
+Most of these functions were initially implemented by John Hunter for
+matplotlib.  They have been rewritten and extended for convenience.
+
+"""
+import itertools
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.ma as ma
+from numpy import ndarray, recarray
+from numpy.ma import MaskedArray
+from numpy.ma.mrecords import MaskedRecords
+from numpy.core.overrides import array_function_dispatch
+from numpy.lib._iotools import _is_string_like
+
+_check_fill_value = np.ma.core._check_fill_value
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'append_fields', 'apply_along_fields', 'assign_fields_by_name',
+    'drop_fields', 'find_duplicates', 'flatten_descr',
+    'get_fieldstructure', 'get_names', 'get_names_flat',
+    'join_by', 'merge_arrays', 'rec_append_fields',
+    'rec_drop_fields', 'rec_join', 'recursive_fill_fields',
+    'rename_fields', 'repack_fields', 'require_fields',
+    'stack_arrays', 'structured_to_unstructured', 'unstructured_to_structured',
+    ]
+
+
+def _recursive_fill_fields_dispatcher(input, output):
+    return (input, output)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_recursive_fill_fields_dispatcher)
+def recursive_fill_fields(input, output):
+    """
+    Fills fields from output with fields from input,
+    with support for nested structures.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input : ndarray
+        Input array.
+    output : ndarray
+        Output array.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    * `output` should be at least the same size as `input`
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> a = np.array([(1, 10.), (2, 20.)], dtype=[('A', np.int64), ('B', np.float64)])
+    >>> b = np.zeros((3,), dtype=a.dtype)
+    >>> rfn.recursive_fill_fields(a, b)
+    array([(1, 10.), (2, 20.), (0,  0.)], dtype=[('A', '>> dt = np.dtype([(('a', 'A'), np.int64), ('b', np.double, 3)])
+    >>> dt.descr
+    [(('a', 'A'), '>> _get_fieldspec(dt)
+    [(('a', 'A'), dtype('int64')), ('b', dtype(('>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> rfn.get_names(np.empty((1,), dtype=[('A', int)]).dtype)
+    ('A',)
+    >>> rfn.get_names(np.empty((1,), dtype=[('A',int), ('B', float)]).dtype)
+    ('A', 'B')
+    >>> adtype = np.dtype([('a', int), ('b', [('ba', int), ('bb', int)])])
+    >>> rfn.get_names(adtype)
+    ('a', ('b', ('ba', 'bb')))
+    """
+    listnames = []
+    names = adtype.names
+    for name in names:
+        current = adtype[name]
+        if current.names is not None:
+            listnames.append((name, tuple(get_names(current))))
+        else:
+            listnames.append(name)
+    return tuple(listnames)
+
+
+def get_names_flat(adtype):
+    """
+    Returns the field names of the input datatype as a tuple. Input datatype
+    must have fields otherwise error is raised.
+    Nested structure are flattened beforehand.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    adtype : dtype
+        Input datatype
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> rfn.get_names_flat(np.empty((1,), dtype=[('A', int)]).dtype) is None
+    False
+    >>> rfn.get_names_flat(np.empty((1,), dtype=[('A',int), ('B', str)]).dtype)
+    ('A', 'B')
+    >>> adtype = np.dtype([('a', int), ('b', [('ba', int), ('bb', int)])])
+    >>> rfn.get_names_flat(adtype)
+    ('a', 'b', 'ba', 'bb')
+    """
+    listnames = []
+    names = adtype.names
+    for name in names:
+        listnames.append(name)
+        current = adtype[name]
+        if current.names is not None:
+            listnames.extend(get_names_flat(current))
+    return tuple(listnames)
+
+
+def flatten_descr(ndtype):
+    """
+    Flatten a structured data-type description.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> ndtype = np.dtype([('a', '>> rfn.flatten_descr(ndtype)
+    (('a', dtype('int32')), ('ba', dtype('float64')), ('bb', dtype('int32')))
+
+    """
+    names = ndtype.names
+    if names is None:
+        return (('', ndtype),)
+    else:
+        descr = []
+        for field in names:
+            (typ, _) = ndtype.fields[field]
+            if typ.names is not None:
+                descr.extend(flatten_descr(typ))
+            else:
+                descr.append((field, typ))
+        return tuple(descr)
+
+
+def _zip_dtype(seqarrays, flatten=False):
+    newdtype = []
+    if flatten:
+        for a in seqarrays:
+            newdtype.extend(flatten_descr(a.dtype))
+    else:
+        for a in seqarrays:
+            current = a.dtype
+            if current.names is not None and len(current.names) == 1:
+                # special case - dtypes of 1 field are flattened
+                newdtype.extend(_get_fieldspec(current))
+            else:
+                newdtype.append(('', current))
+    return np.dtype(newdtype)
+
+
+def _zip_descr(seqarrays, flatten=False):
+    """
+    Combine the dtype description of a series of arrays.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    seqarrays : sequence of arrays
+        Sequence of arrays
+    flatten : {boolean}, optional
+        Whether to collapse nested descriptions.
+    """
+    return _zip_dtype(seqarrays, flatten=flatten).descr
+
+
+def get_fieldstructure(adtype, lastname=None, parents=None,):
+    """
+    Returns a dictionary with fields indexing lists of their parent fields.
+
+    This function is used to simplify access to fields nested in other fields.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    adtype : np.dtype
+        Input datatype
+    lastname : optional
+        Last processed field name (used internally during recursion).
+    parents : dictionary
+        Dictionary of parent fields (used interbally during recursion).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> ndtype =  np.dtype([('A', int),
+    ...                     ('B', [('BA', int),
+    ...                            ('BB', [('BBA', int), ('BBB', int)])])])
+    >>> rfn.get_fieldstructure(ndtype)
+    ... # XXX: possible regression, order of BBA and BBB is swapped
+    {'A': [], 'B': [], 'BA': ['B'], 'BB': ['B'], 'BBA': ['B', 'BB'], 'BBB': ['B', 'BB']}
+
+    """
+    if parents is None:
+        parents = {}
+    names = adtype.names
+    for name in names:
+        current = adtype[name]
+        if current.names is not None:
+            if lastname:
+                parents[name] = [lastname, ]
+            else:
+                parents[name] = []
+            parents.update(get_fieldstructure(current, name, parents))
+        else:
+            lastparent = [_ for _ in (parents.get(lastname, []) or [])]
+            if lastparent:
+                lastparent.append(lastname)
+            elif lastname:
+                lastparent = [lastname, ]
+            parents[name] = lastparent or []
+    return parents
+
+
+def _izip_fields_flat(iterable):
+    """
+    Returns an iterator of concatenated fields from a sequence of arrays,
+    collapsing any nested structure.
+
+    """
+    for element in iterable:
+        if isinstance(element, np.void):
+            yield from _izip_fields_flat(tuple(element))
+        else:
+            yield element
+
+
+def _izip_fields(iterable):
+    """
+    Returns an iterator of concatenated fields from a sequence of arrays.
+
+    """
+    for element in iterable:
+        if (hasattr(element, '__iter__') and
+                not isinstance(element, str)):
+            yield from _izip_fields(element)
+        elif isinstance(element, np.void) and len(tuple(element)) == 1:
+            # this statement is the same from the previous expression
+            yield from _izip_fields(element)
+        else:
+            yield element
+
+
+def _izip_records(seqarrays, fill_value=None, flatten=True):
+    """
+    Returns an iterator of concatenated items from a sequence of arrays.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    seqarrays : sequence of arrays
+        Sequence of arrays.
+    fill_value : {None, integer}
+        Value used to pad shorter iterables.
+    flatten : {True, False},
+        Whether to
+    """
+
+    # Should we flatten the items, or just use a nested approach
+    if flatten:
+        zipfunc = _izip_fields_flat
+    else:
+        zipfunc = _izip_fields
+
+    for tup in itertools.zip_longest(*seqarrays, fillvalue=fill_value):
+        yield tuple(zipfunc(tup))
+
+
+def _fix_output(output, usemask=True, asrecarray=False):
+    """
+    Private function: return a recarray, a ndarray, a MaskedArray
+    or a MaskedRecords depending on the input parameters
+    """
+    if not isinstance(output, MaskedArray):
+        usemask = False
+    if usemask:
+        if asrecarray:
+            output = output.view(MaskedRecords)
+    else:
+        output = ma.filled(output)
+        if asrecarray:
+            output = output.view(recarray)
+    return output
+
+
+def _fix_defaults(output, defaults=None):
+    """
+    Update the fill_value and masked data of `output`
+    from the default given in a dictionary defaults.
+    """
+    names = output.dtype.names
+    (data, mask, fill_value) = (output.data, output.mask, output.fill_value)
+    for (k, v) in (defaults or {}).items():
+        if k in names:
+            fill_value[k] = v
+            data[k][mask[k]] = v
+    return output
+
+
+def _merge_arrays_dispatcher(seqarrays, fill_value=None, flatten=None,
+                             usemask=None, asrecarray=None):
+    return seqarrays
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_merge_arrays_dispatcher)
+def merge_arrays(seqarrays, fill_value=-1, flatten=False,
+                 usemask=False, asrecarray=False):
+    """
+    Merge arrays field by field.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    seqarrays : sequence of ndarrays
+        Sequence of arrays
+    fill_value : {float}, optional
+        Filling value used to pad missing data on the shorter arrays.
+    flatten : {False, True}, optional
+        Whether to collapse nested fields.
+    usemask : {False, True}, optional
+        Whether to return a masked array or not.
+    asrecarray : {False, True}, optional
+        Whether to return a recarray (MaskedRecords) or not.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> rfn.merge_arrays((np.array([1, 2]), np.array([10., 20., 30.])))
+    array([( 1, 10.), ( 2, 20.), (-1, 30.)],
+          dtype=[('f0', '>> rfn.merge_arrays((np.array([1, 2], dtype=np.int64),
+    ...         np.array([10., 20., 30.])), usemask=False)
+     array([(1, 10.0), (2, 20.0), (-1, 30.0)],
+             dtype=[('f0', '>> rfn.merge_arrays((np.array([1, 2]).view([('a', np.int64)]),
+    ...               np.array([10., 20., 30.])),
+    ...              usemask=False, asrecarray=True)
+    rec.array([( 1, 10.), ( 2, 20.), (-1, 30.)],
+              dtype=[('a', '>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> a = np.array([(1, (2, 3.0)), (4, (5, 6.0))],
+    ...   dtype=[('a', np.int64), ('b', [('ba', np.double), ('bb', np.int64)])])
+    >>> rfn.drop_fields(a, 'a')
+    array([((2., 3),), ((5., 6),)],
+          dtype=[('b', [('ba', '>> rfn.drop_fields(a, 'ba')
+    array([(1, (3,)), (4, (6,))], dtype=[('a', '>> rfn.drop_fields(a, ['ba', 'bb'])
+    array([(1,), (4,)], dtype=[('a', '>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> a = np.array([(1, (2, [3.0, 30.])), (4, (5, [6.0, 60.]))],
+    ...   dtype=[('a', int),('b', [('ba', float), ('bb', (float, 2))])])
+    >>> rfn.rename_fields(a, {'a':'A', 'bb':'BB'})
+    array([(1, (2., [ 3., 30.])), (4, (5., [ 6., 60.]))],
+          dtype=[('A', ' 1:
+        data = merge_arrays(data, flatten=True, usemask=usemask,
+                            fill_value=fill_value)
+    else:
+        data = data.pop()
+    #
+    output = ma.masked_all(
+        max(len(base), len(data)),
+        dtype=_get_fieldspec(base.dtype) + _get_fieldspec(data.dtype))
+    output = recursive_fill_fields(base, output)
+    output = recursive_fill_fields(data, output)
+    #
+    return _fix_output(output, usemask=usemask, asrecarray=asrecarray)
+
+
+def _rec_append_fields_dispatcher(base, names, data, dtypes=None):
+    yield base
+    yield from data
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_rec_append_fields_dispatcher)
+def rec_append_fields(base, names, data, dtypes=None):
+    """
+    Add new fields to an existing array.
+
+    The names of the fields are given with the `names` arguments,
+    the corresponding values with the `data` arguments.
+    If a single field is appended, `names`, `data` and `dtypes` do not have
+    to be lists but just values.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    base : array
+        Input array to extend.
+    names : string, sequence
+        String or sequence of strings corresponding to the names
+        of the new fields.
+    data : array or sequence of arrays
+        Array or sequence of arrays storing the fields to add to the base.
+    dtypes : sequence of datatypes, optional
+        Datatype or sequence of datatypes.
+        If None, the datatypes are estimated from the `data`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    append_fields
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    appended_array : np.recarray
+    """
+    return append_fields(base, names, data=data, dtypes=dtypes,
+                         asrecarray=True, usemask=False)
+
+
+def _repack_fields_dispatcher(a, align=None, recurse=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_repack_fields_dispatcher)
+def repack_fields(a, align=False, recurse=False):
+    """
+    Re-pack the fields of a structured array or dtype in memory.
+
+    The memory layout of structured datatypes allows fields at arbitrary
+    byte offsets. This means the fields can be separated by padding bytes,
+    their offsets can be non-monotonically increasing, and they can overlap.
+
+    This method removes any overlaps and reorders the fields in memory so they
+    have increasing byte offsets, and adds or removes padding bytes depending
+    on the `align` option, which behaves like the `align` option to
+    `numpy.dtype`.
+
+    If `align=False`, this method produces a "packed" memory layout in which
+    each field starts at the byte the previous field ended, and any padding
+    bytes are removed.
+
+    If `align=True`, this methods produces an "aligned" memory layout in which
+    each field's offset is a multiple of its alignment, and the total itemsize
+    is a multiple of the largest alignment, by adding padding bytes as needed.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : ndarray or dtype
+       array or dtype for which to repack the fields.
+    align : boolean
+       If true, use an "aligned" memory layout, otherwise use a "packed" layout.
+    recurse : boolean
+       If True, also repack nested structures.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    repacked : ndarray or dtype
+       Copy of `a` with fields repacked, or `a` itself if no repacking was
+       needed.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    >>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> def print_offsets(d):
+    ...     print("offsets:", [d.fields[name][1] for name in d.names])
+    ...     print("itemsize:", d.itemsize)
+    ...
+    >>> dt = np.dtype('u1, >> dt
+    dtype({'names': ['f0', 'f1', 'f2'], 'formats': ['u1', '>> print_offsets(dt)
+    offsets: [0, 8, 16]
+    itemsize: 24
+    >>> packed_dt = rfn.repack_fields(dt)
+    >>> packed_dt
+    dtype([('f0', 'u1'), ('f1', '>> print_offsets(packed_dt)
+    offsets: [0, 1, 9]
+    itemsize: 17
+
+    """
+    if not isinstance(a, np.dtype):
+        dt = repack_fields(a.dtype, align=align, recurse=recurse)
+        return a.astype(dt, copy=False)
+
+    if a.names is None:
+        return a
+
+    fieldinfo = []
+    for name in a.names:
+        tup = a.fields[name]
+        if recurse:
+            fmt = repack_fields(tup[0], align=align, recurse=True)
+        else:
+            fmt = tup[0]
+
+        if len(tup) == 3:
+            name = (tup[2], name)
+
+        fieldinfo.append((name, fmt))
+
+    dt = np.dtype(fieldinfo, align=align)
+    return np.dtype((a.type, dt))
+
+def _get_fields_and_offsets(dt, offset=0):
+    """
+    Returns a flat list of (dtype, count, offset) tuples of all the
+    scalar fields in the dtype "dt", including nested fields, in left
+    to right order.
+    """
+
+    # counts up elements in subarrays, including nested subarrays, and returns
+    # base dtype and count
+    def count_elem(dt):
+        count = 1
+        while dt.shape != ():
+            for size in dt.shape:
+                count *= size
+            dt = dt.base
+        return dt, count
+
+    fields = []
+    for name in dt.names:
+        field = dt.fields[name]
+        f_dt, f_offset = field[0], field[1]
+        f_dt, n = count_elem(f_dt)
+
+        if f_dt.names is None:
+            fields.append((np.dtype((f_dt, (n,))), n, f_offset + offset))
+        else:
+            subfields = _get_fields_and_offsets(f_dt, f_offset + offset)
+            size = f_dt.itemsize
+
+            for i in range(n):
+                if i == 0:
+                    # optimization: avoid list comprehension if no subarray
+                    fields.extend(subfields)
+                else:
+                    fields.extend([(d, c, o + i*size) for d, c, o in subfields])
+    return fields
+
+def _common_stride(offsets, counts, itemsize):
+    """
+    Returns the stride between the fields, or None if the stride is not
+    constant. The values in "counts" designate the lengths of
+    subarrays. Subarrays are treated as many contiguous fields, with
+    always positive stride.
+    """
+    if len(offsets) <= 1:
+        return itemsize
+
+    negative = offsets[1] < offsets[0]  # negative stride
+    if negative:
+        # reverse, so offsets will be ascending
+        it = zip(reversed(offsets), reversed(counts))
+    else:
+        it = zip(offsets, counts)
+
+    prev_offset = None
+    stride = None
+    for offset, count in it:
+        if count != 1:  # subarray: always c-contiguous
+            if negative:
+                return None  # subarrays can never have a negative stride
+            if stride is None:
+                stride = itemsize
+            if stride != itemsize:
+                return None
+            end_offset = offset + (count - 1) * itemsize
+        else:
+            end_offset = offset
+
+        if prev_offset is not None:
+            new_stride = offset - prev_offset
+            if stride is None:
+                stride = new_stride
+            if stride != new_stride:
+                return None
+
+        prev_offset = end_offset
+
+    if negative:
+        return -stride
+    return stride
+
+
+def _structured_to_unstructured_dispatcher(arr, dtype=None, copy=None,
+                                           casting=None):
+    return (arr,)
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_structured_to_unstructured_dispatcher)
+def structured_to_unstructured(arr, dtype=None, copy=False, casting='unsafe'):
+    """
+    Converts an n-D structured array into an (n+1)-D unstructured array.
+
+    The new array will have a new last dimension equal in size to the
+    number of field-elements of the input array. If not supplied, the output
+    datatype is determined from the numpy type promotion rules applied to all
+    the field datatypes.
+
+    Nested fields, as well as each element of any subarray fields, all count
+    as a single field-elements.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : ndarray
+       Structured array or dtype to convert. Cannot contain object datatype.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+       The dtype of the output unstructured array.
+    copy : bool, optional
+        If true, always return a copy. If false, a view is returned if
+        possible, such as when the `dtype` and strides of the fields are
+        suitable and the array subtype is one of `np.ndarray`, `np.recarray`
+        or `np.memmap`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.25.0
+            A view can now be returned if the fields are separated by a
+            uniform stride.
+
+    casting : {'no', 'equiv', 'safe', 'same_kind', 'unsafe'}, optional
+        See casting argument of `numpy.ndarray.astype`. Controls what kind of
+        data casting may occur.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    unstructured : ndarray
+       Unstructured array with one more dimension.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    >>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> a = np.zeros(4, dtype=[('a', 'i4'), ('b', 'f4,u2'), ('c', 'f4', 2)])
+    >>> a
+    array([(0, (0., 0), [0., 0.]), (0, (0., 0), [0., 0.]),
+           (0, (0., 0), [0., 0.]), (0, (0., 0), [0., 0.])],
+          dtype=[('a', '>> rfn.structured_to_unstructured(a)
+    array([[0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
+           [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
+           [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
+           [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]])
+
+    >>> b = np.array([(1, 2, 5), (4, 5, 7), (7, 8 ,11), (10, 11, 12)],
+    ...              dtype=[('x', 'i4'), ('y', 'f4'), ('z', 'f8')])
+    >>> np.mean(rfn.structured_to_unstructured(b[['x', 'z']]), axis=-1)
+    array([ 3. ,  5.5,  9. , 11. ])
+
+    """
+    if arr.dtype.names is None:
+        raise ValueError('arr must be a structured array')
+
+    fields = _get_fields_and_offsets(arr.dtype)
+    n_fields = len(fields)
+    if n_fields == 0 and dtype is None:
+        raise ValueError("arr has no fields. Unable to guess dtype")
+    elif n_fields == 0:
+        # too many bugs elsewhere for this to work now
+        raise NotImplementedError("arr with no fields is not supported")
+
+    dts, counts, offsets = zip(*fields)
+    names = ['f{}'.format(n) for n in range(n_fields)]
+
+    if dtype is None:
+        out_dtype = np.result_type(*[dt.base for dt in dts])
+    else:
+        out_dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+
+    # Use a series of views and casts to convert to an unstructured array:
+
+    # first view using flattened fields (doesn't work for object arrays)
+    # Note: dts may include a shape for subarrays
+    flattened_fields = np.dtype({'names': names,
+                                 'formats': dts,
+                                 'offsets': offsets,
+                                 'itemsize': arr.dtype.itemsize})
+    arr = arr.view(flattened_fields)
+
+    # we only allow a few types to be unstructured by manipulating the
+    # strides, because we know it won't work with, for example, np.matrix nor
+    # np.ma.MaskedArray.
+    can_view = type(arr) in (np.ndarray, np.recarray, np.memmap)
+    if (not copy) and can_view and all(dt.base == out_dtype for dt in dts):
+        # all elements have the right dtype already; if they have a common
+        # stride, we can just return a view
+        common_stride = _common_stride(offsets, counts, out_dtype.itemsize)
+        if common_stride is not None:
+            wrap = arr.__array_wrap__
+
+            new_shape = arr.shape + (sum(counts), out_dtype.itemsize)
+            new_strides = arr.strides + (abs(common_stride), 1)
+
+            arr = arr[..., np.newaxis].view(np.uint8)  # view as bytes
+            arr = arr[..., min(offsets):]  # remove the leading unused data
+            arr = np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(arr,
+                                                  new_shape,
+                                                  new_strides,
+                                                  subok=True)
+
+            # cast and drop the last dimension again
+            arr = arr.view(out_dtype)[..., 0]
+
+            if common_stride < 0:
+                arr = arr[..., ::-1]  # reverse, if the stride was negative
+            if type(arr) is not type(wrap.__self__):
+                # Some types (e.g. recarray) turn into an ndarray along the
+                # way, so we have to wrap it again in order to match the
+                # behavior with copy=True.
+                arr = wrap(arr)
+            return arr
+
+    # next cast to a packed format with all fields converted to new dtype
+    packed_fields = np.dtype({'names': names,
+                              'formats': [(out_dtype, dt.shape) for dt in dts]})
+    arr = arr.astype(packed_fields, copy=copy, casting=casting)
+
+    # finally is it safe to view the packed fields as the unstructured type
+    return arr.view((out_dtype, (sum(counts),)))
+
+
+def _unstructured_to_structured_dispatcher(arr, dtype=None, names=None,
+                                           align=None, copy=None, casting=None):
+    return (arr,)
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unstructured_to_structured_dispatcher)
+def unstructured_to_structured(arr, dtype=None, names=None, align=False,
+                               copy=False, casting='unsafe'):
+    """
+    Converts an n-D unstructured array into an (n-1)-D structured array.
+
+    The last dimension of the input array is converted into a structure, with
+    number of field-elements equal to the size of the last dimension of the
+    input array. By default all output fields have the input array's dtype, but
+    an output structured dtype with an equal number of fields-elements can be
+    supplied instead.
+
+    Nested fields, as well as each element of any subarray fields, all count
+    towards the number of field-elements.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : ndarray
+       Unstructured array or dtype to convert.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+       The structured dtype of the output array
+    names : list of strings, optional
+       If dtype is not supplied, this specifies the field names for the output
+       dtype, in order. The field dtypes will be the same as the input array.
+    align : boolean, optional
+       Whether to create an aligned memory layout.
+    copy : bool, optional
+        See copy argument to `numpy.ndarray.astype`. If true, always return a
+        copy. If false, and `dtype` requirements are satisfied, a view is
+        returned.
+    casting : {'no', 'equiv', 'safe', 'same_kind', 'unsafe'}, optional
+        See casting argument of `numpy.ndarray.astype`. Controls what kind of
+        data casting may occur.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    structured : ndarray
+       Structured array with fewer dimensions.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    >>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> dt = np.dtype([('a', 'i4'), ('b', 'f4,u2'), ('c', 'f4', 2)])
+    >>> a = np.arange(20).reshape((4,5))
+    >>> a
+    array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4],
+           [ 5,  6,  7,  8,  9],
+           [10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
+           [15, 16, 17, 18, 19]])
+    >>> rfn.unstructured_to_structured(a, dt)
+    array([( 0, ( 1.,  2), [ 3.,  4.]), ( 5, ( 6.,  7), [ 8.,  9.]),
+           (10, (11., 12), [13., 14.]), (15, (16., 17), [18., 19.])],
+          dtype=[('a', '>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> b = np.array([(1, 2, 5), (4, 5, 7), (7, 8 ,11), (10, 11, 12)],
+    ...              dtype=[('x', 'i4'), ('y', 'f4'), ('z', 'f8')])
+    >>> rfn.apply_along_fields(np.mean, b)
+    array([ 2.66666667,  5.33333333,  8.66666667, 11.        ])
+    >>> rfn.apply_along_fields(np.mean, b[['x', 'z']])
+    array([ 3. ,  5.5,  9. , 11. ])
+
+    """
+    if arr.dtype.names is None:
+        raise ValueError('arr must be a structured array')
+
+    uarr = structured_to_unstructured(arr)
+    return func(uarr, axis=-1)
+    # works and avoids axis requirement, but very, very slow:
+    #return np.apply_along_axis(func, -1, uarr)
+
+def _assign_fields_by_name_dispatcher(dst, src, zero_unassigned=None):
+    return dst, src
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_assign_fields_by_name_dispatcher)
+def assign_fields_by_name(dst, src, zero_unassigned=True):
+    """
+    Assigns values from one structured array to another by field name.
+
+    Normally in numpy >= 1.14, assignment of one structured array to another
+    copies fields "by position", meaning that the first field from the src is
+    copied to the first field of the dst, and so on, regardless of field name.
+
+    This function instead copies "by field name", such that fields in the dst
+    are assigned from the identically named field in the src. This applies
+    recursively for nested structures. This is how structure assignment worked
+    in numpy >= 1.6 to <= 1.13.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dst : ndarray
+    src : ndarray
+        The source and destination arrays during assignment.
+    zero_unassigned : bool, optional
+        If True, fields in the dst for which there was no matching
+        field in the src are filled with the value 0 (zero). This
+        was the behavior of numpy <= 1.13. If False, those fields
+        are not modified.
+    """
+
+    if dst.dtype.names is None:
+        dst[...] = src
+        return
+
+    for name in dst.dtype.names:
+        if name not in src.dtype.names:
+            if zero_unassigned:
+                dst[name] = 0
+        else:
+            assign_fields_by_name(dst[name], src[name],
+                                  zero_unassigned)
+
+def _require_fields_dispatcher(array, required_dtype):
+    return (array,)
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_require_fields_dispatcher)
+def require_fields(array, required_dtype):
+    """
+    Casts a structured array to a new dtype using assignment by field-name.
+
+    This function assigns from the old to the new array by name, so the
+    value of a field in the output array is the value of the field with the
+    same name in the source array. This has the effect of creating a new
+    ndarray containing only the fields "required" by the required_dtype.
+
+    If a field name in the required_dtype does not exist in the
+    input array, that field is created and set to 0 in the output array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : ndarray
+       array to cast
+    required_dtype : dtype
+       datatype for output array
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        array with the new dtype, with field values copied from the fields in
+        the input array with the same name
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    >>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> a = np.ones(4, dtype=[('a', 'i4'), ('b', 'f8'), ('c', 'u1')])
+    >>> rfn.require_fields(a, [('b', 'f4'), ('c', 'u1')])
+    array([(1., 1), (1., 1), (1., 1), (1., 1)],
+      dtype=[('b', '>> rfn.require_fields(a, [('b', 'f4'), ('newf', 'u1')])
+    array([(1., 0), (1., 0), (1., 0), (1., 0)],
+      dtype=[('b', '>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> x = np.array([1, 2,])
+    >>> rfn.stack_arrays(x) is x
+    True
+    >>> z = np.array([('A', 1), ('B', 2)], dtype=[('A', '|S3'), ('B', float)])
+    >>> zz = np.array([('a', 10., 100.), ('b', 20., 200.), ('c', 30., 300.)],
+    ...   dtype=[('A', '|S3'), ('B', np.double), ('C', np.double)])
+    >>> test = rfn.stack_arrays((z,zz))
+    >>> test
+    masked_array(data=[(b'A', 1.0, --), (b'B', 2.0, --), (b'a', 10.0, 100.0),
+                       (b'b', 20.0, 200.0), (b'c', 30.0, 300.0)],
+                 mask=[(False, False,  True), (False, False,  True),
+                       (False, False, False), (False, False, False),
+                       (False, False, False)],
+           fill_value=(b'N/A', 1.e+20, 1.e+20),
+                dtype=[('A', 'S3'), ('B', ' '%s'" %
+                                    (cdtype, fdtype))
+    # Only one field: use concatenate
+    if len(newdescr) == 1:
+        output = ma.concatenate(seqarrays)
+    else:
+        #
+        output = ma.masked_all((np.sum(nrecords),), newdescr)
+        offset = np.cumsum(np.r_[0, nrecords])
+        seen = []
+        for (a, n, i, j) in zip(seqarrays, fldnames, offset[:-1], offset[1:]):
+            names = a.dtype.names
+            if names is None:
+                output['f%i' % len(seen)][i:j] = a
+            else:
+                for name in n:
+                    output[name][i:j] = a[name]
+                    if name not in seen:
+                        seen.append(name)
+    #
+    return _fix_output(_fix_defaults(output, defaults),
+                       usemask=usemask, asrecarray=asrecarray)
+
+
+def _find_duplicates_dispatcher(
+        a, key=None, ignoremask=None, return_index=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_find_duplicates_dispatcher)
+def find_duplicates(a, key=None, ignoremask=True, return_index=False):
+    """
+    Find the duplicates in a structured array along a given key
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array-like
+        Input array
+    key : {string, None}, optional
+        Name of the fields along which to check the duplicates.
+        If None, the search is performed by records
+    ignoremask : {True, False}, optional
+        Whether masked data should be discarded or considered as duplicates.
+    return_index : {False, True}, optional
+        Whether to return the indices of the duplicated values.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn
+    >>> ndtype = [('a', int)]
+    >>> a = np.ma.array([1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3],
+    ...         mask=[0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1]).view(ndtype)
+    >>> rfn.find_duplicates(a, ignoremask=True, return_index=True)
+    (masked_array(data=[(1,), (1,), (2,), (2,)],
+                 mask=[(False,), (False,), (False,), (False,)],
+           fill_value=(999999,),
+                dtype=[('a', '= nb1)] - nb1
+    (r1cmn, r2cmn) = (len(idx_1), len(idx_2))
+    if jointype == 'inner':
+        (r1spc, r2spc) = (0, 0)
+    elif jointype == 'outer':
+        idx_out = idx_sort[~flag_in]
+        idx_1 = np.concatenate((idx_1, idx_out[(idx_out < nb1)]))
+        idx_2 = np.concatenate((idx_2, idx_out[(idx_out >= nb1)] - nb1))
+        (r1spc, r2spc) = (len(idx_1) - r1cmn, len(idx_2) - r2cmn)
+    elif jointype == 'leftouter':
+        idx_out = idx_sort[~flag_in]
+        idx_1 = np.concatenate((idx_1, idx_out[(idx_out < nb1)]))
+        (r1spc, r2spc) = (len(idx_1) - r1cmn, 0)
+    # Select the entries from each input
+    (s1, s2) = (r1[idx_1], r2[idx_2])
+    #
+    # Build the new description of the output array .......
+    # Start with the key fields
+    ndtype = _get_fieldspec(r1k.dtype)
+
+    # Add the fields from r1
+    for fname, fdtype in _get_fieldspec(r1.dtype):
+        if fname not in key:
+            ndtype.append((fname, fdtype))
+
+    # Add the fields from r2
+    for fname, fdtype in _get_fieldspec(r2.dtype):
+        # Have we seen the current name already ?
+        # we need to rebuild this list every time
+        names = list(name for name, dtype in ndtype)
+        try:
+            nameidx = names.index(fname)
+        except ValueError:
+            #... we haven't: just add the description to the current list
+            ndtype.append((fname, fdtype))
+        else:
+            # collision
+            _, cdtype = ndtype[nameidx]
+            if fname in key:
+                # The current field is part of the key: take the largest dtype
+                ndtype[nameidx] = (fname, max(fdtype, cdtype))
+            else:
+                # The current field is not part of the key: add the suffixes,
+                # and place the new field adjacent to the old one
+                ndtype[nameidx:nameidx + 1] = [
+                    (fname + r1postfix, cdtype),
+                    (fname + r2postfix, fdtype)
+                ]
+    # Rebuild a dtype from the new fields
+    ndtype = np.dtype(ndtype)
+    # Find the largest nb of common fields :
+    # r1cmn and r2cmn should be equal, but...
+    cmn = max(r1cmn, r2cmn)
+    # Construct an empty array
+    output = ma.masked_all((cmn + r1spc + r2spc,), dtype=ndtype)
+    names = output.dtype.names
+    for f in r1names:
+        selected = s1[f]
+        if f not in names or (f in r2names and not r2postfix and f not in key):
+            f += r1postfix
+        current = output[f]
+        current[:r1cmn] = selected[:r1cmn]
+        if jointype in ('outer', 'leftouter'):
+            current[cmn:cmn + r1spc] = selected[r1cmn:]
+    for f in r2names:
+        selected = s2[f]
+        if f not in names or (f in r1names and not r1postfix and f not in key):
+            f += r2postfix
+        current = output[f]
+        current[:r2cmn] = selected[:r2cmn]
+        if (jointype == 'outer') and r2spc:
+            current[-r2spc:] = selected[r2cmn:]
+    # Sort and finalize the output
+    output.sort(order=key)
+    kwargs = dict(usemask=usemask, asrecarray=asrecarray)
+    return _fix_output(_fix_defaults(output, defaults), **kwargs)
+
+
+def _rec_join_dispatcher(
+        key, r1, r2, jointype=None, r1postfix=None, r2postfix=None,
+        defaults=None):
+    return (r1, r2)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_rec_join_dispatcher)
+def rec_join(key, r1, r2, jointype='inner', r1postfix='1', r2postfix='2',
+             defaults=None):
+    """
+    Join arrays `r1` and `r2` on keys.
+    Alternative to join_by, that always returns a np.recarray.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    join_by : equivalent function
+    """
+    kwargs = dict(jointype=jointype, r1postfix=r1postfix, r2postfix=r2postfix,
+                  defaults=defaults, usemask=False, asrecarray=True)
+    return join_by(key, r1, r2, **kwargs)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/scimath.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/scimath.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7ef0d7109c63cffc7c30f59d97389a4a4a230f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/scimath.py
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+"""
+Wrapper functions to more user-friendly calling of certain math functions
+whose output data-type is different than the input data-type in certain
+domains of the input.
+
+For example, for functions like `log` with branch cuts, the versions in this
+module provide the mathematically valid answers in the complex plane::
+
+  >>> import math
+  >>> np.emath.log(-math.exp(1)) == (1+1j*math.pi)
+  True
+
+Similarly, `sqrt`, other base logarithms, `power` and trig functions are
+correctly handled.  See their respective docstrings for specific examples.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   sqrt
+   log
+   log2
+   logn
+   log10
+   power
+   arccos
+   arcsin
+   arctanh
+
+"""
+import numpy.core.numeric as nx
+import numpy.core.numerictypes as nt
+from numpy.core.numeric import asarray, any
+from numpy.core.overrides import array_function_dispatch
+from numpy.lib.type_check import isreal
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'sqrt', 'log', 'log2', 'logn', 'log10', 'power', 'arccos', 'arcsin',
+    'arctanh'
+    ]
+
+
+_ln2 = nx.log(2.0)
+
+
+def _tocomplex(arr):
+    """Convert its input `arr` to a complex array.
+
+    The input is returned as a complex array of the smallest type that will fit
+    the original data: types like single, byte, short, etc. become csingle,
+    while others become cdouble.
+
+    A copy of the input is always made.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : array
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    array
+        An array with the same input data as the input but in complex form.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    First, consider an input of type short:
+
+    >>> a = np.array([1,2,3],np.short)
+
+    >>> ac = np.lib.scimath._tocomplex(a); ac
+    array([1.+0.j, 2.+0.j, 3.+0.j], dtype=complex64)
+
+    >>> ac.dtype
+    dtype('complex64')
+
+    If the input is of type double, the output is correspondingly of the
+    complex double type as well:
+
+    >>> b = np.array([1,2,3],np.double)
+
+    >>> bc = np.lib.scimath._tocomplex(b); bc
+    array([1.+0.j, 2.+0.j, 3.+0.j])
+
+    >>> bc.dtype
+    dtype('complex128')
+
+    Note that even if the input was complex to begin with, a copy is still
+    made, since the astype() method always copies:
+
+    >>> c = np.array([1,2,3],np.csingle)
+
+    >>> cc = np.lib.scimath._tocomplex(c); cc
+    array([1.+0.j,  2.+0.j,  3.+0.j], dtype=complex64)
+
+    >>> c *= 2; c
+    array([2.+0.j,  4.+0.j,  6.+0.j], dtype=complex64)
+
+    >>> cc
+    array([1.+0.j,  2.+0.j,  3.+0.j], dtype=complex64)
+    """
+    if issubclass(arr.dtype.type, (nt.single, nt.byte, nt.short, nt.ubyte,
+                                   nt.ushort, nt.csingle)):
+        return arr.astype(nt.csingle)
+    else:
+        return arr.astype(nt.cdouble)
+
+
+def _fix_real_lt_zero(x):
+    """Convert `x` to complex if it has real, negative components.
+
+    Otherwise, output is just the array version of the input (via asarray).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    array
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.lib.scimath._fix_real_lt_zero([1,2])
+    array([1, 2])
+
+    >>> np.lib.scimath._fix_real_lt_zero([-1,2])
+    array([-1.+0.j,  2.+0.j])
+
+    """
+    x = asarray(x)
+    if any(isreal(x) & (x < 0)):
+        x = _tocomplex(x)
+    return x
+
+
+def _fix_int_lt_zero(x):
+    """Convert `x` to double if it has real, negative components.
+
+    Otherwise, output is just the array version of the input (via asarray).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    array
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.lib.scimath._fix_int_lt_zero([1,2])
+    array([1, 2])
+
+    >>> np.lib.scimath._fix_int_lt_zero([-1,2])
+    array([-1.,  2.])
+    """
+    x = asarray(x)
+    if any(isreal(x) & (x < 0)):
+        x = x * 1.0
+    return x
+
+
+def _fix_real_abs_gt_1(x):
+    """Convert `x` to complex if it has real components x_i with abs(x_i)>1.
+
+    Otherwise, output is just the array version of the input (via asarray).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    array
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.lib.scimath._fix_real_abs_gt_1([0,1])
+    array([0, 1])
+
+    >>> np.lib.scimath._fix_real_abs_gt_1([0,2])
+    array([0.+0.j, 2.+0.j])
+    """
+    x = asarray(x)
+    if any(isreal(x) & (abs(x) > 1)):
+        x = _tocomplex(x)
+    return x
+
+
+def _unary_dispatcher(x):
+    return (x,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def sqrt(x):
+    """
+    Compute the square root of x.
+
+    For negative input elements, a complex value is returned
+    (unlike `numpy.sqrt` which returns NaN).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+       The input value(s).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or scalar
+       The square root of `x`. If `x` was a scalar, so is `out`,
+       otherwise an array is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.sqrt
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    For real, non-negative inputs this works just like `numpy.sqrt`:
+
+    >>> np.emath.sqrt(1)
+    1.0
+    >>> np.emath.sqrt([1, 4])
+    array([1.,  2.])
+
+    But it automatically handles negative inputs:
+
+    >>> np.emath.sqrt(-1)
+    1j
+    >>> np.emath.sqrt([-1,4])
+    array([0.+1.j, 2.+0.j])
+
+    Different results are expected because:
+    floating point 0.0 and -0.0 are distinct.
+
+    For more control, explicitly use complex() as follows:
+
+    >>> np.emath.sqrt(complex(-4.0, 0.0))
+    2j
+    >>> np.emath.sqrt(complex(-4.0, -0.0))
+    -2j
+    """
+    x = _fix_real_lt_zero(x)
+    return nx.sqrt(x)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def log(x):
+    """
+    Compute the natural logarithm of `x`.
+
+    Return the "principal value" (for a description of this, see `numpy.log`)
+    of :math:`log_e(x)`. For real `x > 0`, this is a real number (``log(0)``
+    returns ``-inf`` and ``log(np.inf)`` returns ``inf``). Otherwise, the
+    complex principle value is returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+       The value(s) whose log is (are) required.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or scalar
+       The log of the `x` value(s). If `x` was a scalar, so is `out`,
+       otherwise an array is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.log
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For a log() that returns ``NAN`` when real `x < 0`, use `numpy.log`
+    (note, however, that otherwise `numpy.log` and this `log` are identical,
+    i.e., both return ``-inf`` for `x = 0`, ``inf`` for `x = inf`, and,
+    notably, the complex principle value if ``x.imag != 0``).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.emath.log(np.exp(1))
+    1.0
+
+    Negative arguments are handled "correctly" (recall that
+    ``exp(log(x)) == x`` does *not* hold for real ``x < 0``):
+
+    >>> np.emath.log(-np.exp(1)) == (1 + np.pi * 1j)
+    True
+
+    """
+    x = _fix_real_lt_zero(x)
+    return nx.log(x)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def log10(x):
+    """
+    Compute the logarithm base 10 of `x`.
+
+    Return the "principal value" (for a description of this, see
+    `numpy.log10`) of :math:`log_{10}(x)`. For real `x > 0`, this
+    is a real number (``log10(0)`` returns ``-inf`` and ``log10(np.inf)``
+    returns ``inf``). Otherwise, the complex principle value is returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like or scalar
+       The value(s) whose log base 10 is (are) required.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or scalar
+       The log base 10 of the `x` value(s). If `x` was a scalar, so is `out`,
+       otherwise an array object is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.log10
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For a log10() that returns ``NAN`` when real `x < 0`, use `numpy.log10`
+    (note, however, that otherwise `numpy.log10` and this `log10` are
+    identical, i.e., both return ``-inf`` for `x = 0`, ``inf`` for `x = inf`,
+    and, notably, the complex principle value if ``x.imag != 0``).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    (We set the printing precision so the example can be auto-tested)
+
+    >>> np.set_printoptions(precision=4)
+
+    >>> np.emath.log10(10**1)
+    1.0
+
+    >>> np.emath.log10([-10**1, -10**2, 10**2])
+    array([1.+1.3644j, 2.+1.3644j, 2.+0.j    ])
+
+    """
+    x = _fix_real_lt_zero(x)
+    return nx.log10(x)
+
+
+def _logn_dispatcher(n, x):
+    return (n, x,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_logn_dispatcher)
+def logn(n, x):
+    """
+    Take log base n of x.
+
+    If `x` contains negative inputs, the answer is computed and returned in the
+    complex domain.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    n : array_like
+       The integer base(s) in which the log is taken.
+    x : array_like
+       The value(s) whose log base `n` is (are) required.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or scalar
+       The log base `n` of the `x` value(s). If `x` was a scalar, so is
+       `out`, otherwise an array is returned.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.set_printoptions(precision=4)
+
+    >>> np.emath.logn(2, [4, 8])
+    array([2., 3.])
+    >>> np.emath.logn(2, [-4, -8, 8])
+    array([2.+4.5324j, 3.+4.5324j, 3.+0.j    ])
+
+    """
+    x = _fix_real_lt_zero(x)
+    n = _fix_real_lt_zero(n)
+    return nx.log(x)/nx.log(n)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def log2(x):
+    """
+    Compute the logarithm base 2 of `x`.
+
+    Return the "principal value" (for a description of this, see
+    `numpy.log2`) of :math:`log_2(x)`. For real `x > 0`, this is
+    a real number (``log2(0)`` returns ``-inf`` and ``log2(np.inf)`` returns
+    ``inf``). Otherwise, the complex principle value is returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+       The value(s) whose log base 2 is (are) required.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or scalar
+       The log base 2 of the `x` value(s). If `x` was a scalar, so is `out`,
+       otherwise an array is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.log2
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For a log2() that returns ``NAN`` when real `x < 0`, use `numpy.log2`
+    (note, however, that otherwise `numpy.log2` and this `log2` are
+    identical, i.e., both return ``-inf`` for `x = 0`, ``inf`` for `x = inf`,
+    and, notably, the complex principle value if ``x.imag != 0``).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    We set the printing precision so the example can be auto-tested:
+
+    >>> np.set_printoptions(precision=4)
+
+    >>> np.emath.log2(8)
+    3.0
+    >>> np.emath.log2([-4, -8, 8])
+    array([2.+4.5324j, 3.+4.5324j, 3.+0.j    ])
+
+    """
+    x = _fix_real_lt_zero(x)
+    return nx.log2(x)
+
+
+def _power_dispatcher(x, p):
+    return (x, p)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_power_dispatcher)
+def power(x, p):
+    """
+    Return x to the power p, (x**p).
+
+    If `x` contains negative values, the output is converted to the
+    complex domain.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        The input value(s).
+    p : array_like of ints
+        The power(s) to which `x` is raised. If `x` contains multiple values,
+        `p` has to either be a scalar, or contain the same number of values
+        as `x`. In the latter case, the result is
+        ``x[0]**p[0], x[1]**p[1], ...``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or scalar
+        The result of ``x**p``. If `x` and `p` are scalars, so is `out`,
+        otherwise an array is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.power
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.set_printoptions(precision=4)
+
+    >>> np.emath.power([2, 4], 2)
+    array([ 4, 16])
+    >>> np.emath.power([2, 4], -2)
+    array([0.25  ,  0.0625])
+    >>> np.emath.power([-2, 4], 2)
+    array([ 4.-0.j, 16.+0.j])
+
+    """
+    x = _fix_real_lt_zero(x)
+    p = _fix_int_lt_zero(p)
+    return nx.power(x, p)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def arccos(x):
+    """
+    Compute the inverse cosine of x.
+
+    Return the "principal value" (for a description of this, see
+    `numpy.arccos`) of the inverse cosine of `x`. For real `x` such that
+    `abs(x) <= 1`, this is a real number in the closed interval
+    :math:`[0, \\pi]`.  Otherwise, the complex principle value is returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like or scalar
+       The value(s) whose arccos is (are) required.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or scalar
+       The inverse cosine(s) of the `x` value(s). If `x` was a scalar, so
+       is `out`, otherwise an array object is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.arccos
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For an arccos() that returns ``NAN`` when real `x` is not in the
+    interval ``[-1,1]``, use `numpy.arccos`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.set_printoptions(precision=4)
+
+    >>> np.emath.arccos(1) # a scalar is returned
+    0.0
+
+    >>> np.emath.arccos([1,2])
+    array([0.-0.j   , 0.-1.317j])
+
+    """
+    x = _fix_real_abs_gt_1(x)
+    return nx.arccos(x)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def arcsin(x):
+    """
+    Compute the inverse sine of x.
+
+    Return the "principal value" (for a description of this, see
+    `numpy.arcsin`) of the inverse sine of `x`. For real `x` such that
+    `abs(x) <= 1`, this is a real number in the closed interval
+    :math:`[-\\pi/2, \\pi/2]`.  Otherwise, the complex principle value is
+    returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like or scalar
+       The value(s) whose arcsin is (are) required.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or scalar
+       The inverse sine(s) of the `x` value(s). If `x` was a scalar, so
+       is `out`, otherwise an array object is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.arcsin
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For an arcsin() that returns ``NAN`` when real `x` is not in the
+    interval ``[-1,1]``, use `numpy.arcsin`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.set_printoptions(precision=4)
+
+    >>> np.emath.arcsin(0)
+    0.0
+
+    >>> np.emath.arcsin([0,1])
+    array([0.    , 1.5708])
+
+    """
+    x = _fix_real_abs_gt_1(x)
+    return nx.arcsin(x)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def arctanh(x):
+    """
+    Compute the inverse hyperbolic tangent of `x`.
+
+    Return the "principal value" (for a description of this, see
+    `numpy.arctanh`) of ``arctanh(x)``. For real `x` such that
+    ``abs(x) < 1``, this is a real number.  If `abs(x) > 1`, or if `x` is
+    complex, the result is complex. Finally, `x = 1` returns``inf`` and
+    ``x=-1`` returns ``-inf``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+       The value(s) whose arctanh is (are) required.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or scalar
+       The inverse hyperbolic tangent(s) of the `x` value(s). If `x` was
+       a scalar so is `out`, otherwise an array is returned.
+
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.arctanh
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For an arctanh() that returns ``NAN`` when real `x` is not in the
+    interval ``(-1,1)``, use `numpy.arctanh` (this latter, however, does
+    return +/-inf for ``x = +/-1``).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.set_printoptions(precision=4)
+
+    >>> from numpy.testing import suppress_warnings
+    >>> with suppress_warnings() as sup:
+    ...     sup.filter(RuntimeWarning)
+    ...     np.emath.arctanh(np.eye(2))
+    array([[inf,  0.],
+           [ 0., inf]])
+    >>> np.emath.arctanh([1j])
+    array([0.+0.7854j])
+
+    """
+    x = _fix_real_abs_gt_1(x)
+    return nx.arctanh(x)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/scimath.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/scimath.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..589feb15f8ff38bc5003928f6d934454c8e2a94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/scimath.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from typing import overload, Any
+
+from numpy import complexfloating
+
+from numpy._typing import (
+    NDArray,
+    _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    _ComplexLike_co,
+    _FloatLike_co,
+)
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+@overload
+def sqrt(x: _FloatLike_co) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def sqrt(x: _ComplexLike_co) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def sqrt(x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def sqrt(x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def log(x: _FloatLike_co) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def log(x: _ComplexLike_co) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def log(x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def log(x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def log10(x: _FloatLike_co) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def log10(x: _ComplexLike_co) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def log10(x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def log10(x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def log2(x: _FloatLike_co) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def log2(x: _ComplexLike_co) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def log2(x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def log2(x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def logn(n: _FloatLike_co, x: _FloatLike_co) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def logn(n: _ComplexLike_co, x: _ComplexLike_co) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def logn(n: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def logn(n: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def power(x: _FloatLike_co, p: _FloatLike_co) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def power(x: _ComplexLike_co, p: _ComplexLike_co) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def power(x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, p: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def power(x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, p: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def arccos(x: _FloatLike_co) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def arccos(x: _ComplexLike_co) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def arccos(x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def arccos(x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def arcsin(x: _FloatLike_co) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def arcsin(x: _ComplexLike_co) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def arcsin(x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def arcsin(x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def arctanh(x: _FloatLike_co) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def arctanh(x: _ComplexLike_co) -> complexfloating[Any, Any]: ...
+@overload
+def arctanh(x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def arctanh(x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/setup.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7520b72d7ac02d17b8baecd98918082397632a14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+def configuration(parent_package='',top_path=None):
+    from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
+
+    config = Configuration('lib', parent_package, top_path)
+    config.add_subpackage('tests')
+    config.add_data_dir('tests/data')
+    config.add_data_files('*.pyi')
+    return config
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    from numpy.distutils.core import setup
+    setup(configuration=configuration)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/shape_base.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/shape_base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d8a41bfe4a9c6d0c5666968a31c78b7c27497dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/shape_base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1274 @@
+import functools
+
+import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
+from numpy.core.numeric import asarray, zeros, array, asanyarray
+from numpy.core.fromnumeric import reshape, transpose
+from numpy.core.multiarray import normalize_axis_index
+from numpy.core import overrides
+from numpy.core import vstack, atleast_3d
+from numpy.core.numeric import normalize_axis_tuple
+from numpy.core.shape_base import _arrays_for_stack_dispatcher
+from numpy.lib.index_tricks import ndindex
+from numpy.matrixlib.defmatrix import matrix  # this raises all the right alarm bells
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'column_stack', 'row_stack', 'dstack', 'array_split', 'split',
+    'hsplit', 'vsplit', 'dsplit', 'apply_over_axes', 'expand_dims',
+    'apply_along_axis', 'kron', 'tile', 'get_array_wrap', 'take_along_axis',
+    'put_along_axis'
+    ]
+
+
+array_function_dispatch = functools.partial(
+    overrides.array_function_dispatch, module='numpy')
+
+
+def _make_along_axis_idx(arr_shape, indices, axis):
+    # compute dimensions to iterate over
+    if not _nx.issubdtype(indices.dtype, _nx.integer):
+        raise IndexError('`indices` must be an integer array')
+    if len(arr_shape) != indices.ndim:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "`indices` and `arr` must have the same number of dimensions")
+    shape_ones = (1,) * indices.ndim
+    dest_dims = list(range(axis)) + [None] + list(range(axis+1, indices.ndim))
+
+    # build a fancy index, consisting of orthogonal aranges, with the
+    # requested index inserted at the right location
+    fancy_index = []
+    for dim, n in zip(dest_dims, arr_shape):
+        if dim is None:
+            fancy_index.append(indices)
+        else:
+            ind_shape = shape_ones[:dim] + (-1,) + shape_ones[dim+1:]
+            fancy_index.append(_nx.arange(n).reshape(ind_shape))
+
+    return tuple(fancy_index)
+
+
+def _take_along_axis_dispatcher(arr, indices, axis):
+    return (arr, indices)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_take_along_axis_dispatcher)
+def take_along_axis(arr, indices, axis):
+    """
+    Take values from the input array by matching 1d index and data slices.
+
+    This iterates over matching 1d slices oriented along the specified axis in
+    the index and data arrays, and uses the former to look up values in the
+    latter. These slices can be different lengths.
+
+    Functions returning an index along an axis, like `argsort` and
+    `argpartition`, produce suitable indices for this function.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.15.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : ndarray (Ni..., M, Nk...)
+        Source array
+    indices : ndarray (Ni..., J, Nk...)
+        Indices to take along each 1d slice of `arr`. This must match the
+        dimension of arr, but dimensions Ni and Nj only need to broadcast
+        against `arr`.
+    axis : int
+        The axis to take 1d slices along. If axis is None, the input array is
+        treated as if it had first been flattened to 1d, for consistency with
+        `sort` and `argsort`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out: ndarray (Ni..., J, Nk...)
+        The indexed result.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This is equivalent to (but faster than) the following use of `ndindex` and
+    `s_`, which sets each of ``ii`` and ``kk`` to a tuple of indices::
+
+        Ni, M, Nk = a.shape[:axis], a.shape[axis], a.shape[axis+1:]
+        J = indices.shape[axis]  # Need not equal M
+        out = np.empty(Ni + (J,) + Nk)
+
+        for ii in ndindex(Ni):
+            for kk in ndindex(Nk):
+                a_1d       = a      [ii + s_[:,] + kk]
+                indices_1d = indices[ii + s_[:,] + kk]
+                out_1d     = out    [ii + s_[:,] + kk]
+                for j in range(J):
+                    out_1d[j] = a_1d[indices_1d[j]]
+
+    Equivalently, eliminating the inner loop, the last two lines would be::
+
+                out_1d[:] = a_1d[indices_1d]
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    take : Take along an axis, using the same indices for every 1d slice
+    put_along_axis :
+        Put values into the destination array by matching 1d index and data slices
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    For this sample array
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[10, 30, 20], [60, 40, 50]])
+
+    We can sort either by using sort directly, or argsort and this function
+
+    >>> np.sort(a, axis=1)
+    array([[10, 20, 30],
+           [40, 50, 60]])
+    >>> ai = np.argsort(a, axis=1)
+    >>> ai
+    array([[0, 2, 1],
+           [1, 2, 0]])
+    >>> np.take_along_axis(a, ai, axis=1)
+    array([[10, 20, 30],
+           [40, 50, 60]])
+
+    The same works for max and min, if you maintain the trivial dimension
+    with ``keepdims``:
+
+    >>> np.max(a, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    array([[30],
+           [60]])
+    >>> ai = np.argmax(a, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    >>> ai
+    array([[1],
+           [0]])
+    >>> np.take_along_axis(a, ai, axis=1)
+    array([[30],
+           [60]])
+
+    If we want to get the max and min at the same time, we can stack the
+    indices first
+
+    >>> ai_min = np.argmin(a, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    >>> ai_max = np.argmax(a, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    >>> ai = np.concatenate([ai_min, ai_max], axis=1)
+    >>> ai
+    array([[0, 1],
+           [1, 0]])
+    >>> np.take_along_axis(a, ai, axis=1)
+    array([[10, 30],
+           [40, 60]])
+    """
+    # normalize inputs
+    if axis is None:
+        arr = arr.flat
+        arr_shape = (len(arr),)  # flatiter has no .shape
+        axis = 0
+    else:
+        axis = normalize_axis_index(axis, arr.ndim)
+        arr_shape = arr.shape
+
+    # use the fancy index
+    return arr[_make_along_axis_idx(arr_shape, indices, axis)]
+
+
+def _put_along_axis_dispatcher(arr, indices, values, axis):
+    return (arr, indices, values)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_put_along_axis_dispatcher)
+def put_along_axis(arr, indices, values, axis):
+    """
+    Put values into the destination array by matching 1d index and data slices.
+
+    This iterates over matching 1d slices oriented along the specified axis in
+    the index and data arrays, and uses the former to place values into the
+    latter. These slices can be different lengths.
+
+    Functions returning an index along an axis, like `argsort` and
+    `argpartition`, produce suitable indices for this function.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.15.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : ndarray (Ni..., M, Nk...)
+        Destination array.
+    indices : ndarray (Ni..., J, Nk...)
+        Indices to change along each 1d slice of `arr`. This must match the
+        dimension of arr, but dimensions in Ni and Nj may be 1 to broadcast
+        against `arr`.
+    values : array_like (Ni..., J, Nk...)
+        values to insert at those indices. Its shape and dimension are
+        broadcast to match that of `indices`.
+    axis : int
+        The axis to take 1d slices along. If axis is None, the destination
+        array is treated as if a flattened 1d view had been created of it.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This is equivalent to (but faster than) the following use of `ndindex` and
+    `s_`, which sets each of ``ii`` and ``kk`` to a tuple of indices::
+
+        Ni, M, Nk = a.shape[:axis], a.shape[axis], a.shape[axis+1:]
+        J = indices.shape[axis]  # Need not equal M
+
+        for ii in ndindex(Ni):
+            for kk in ndindex(Nk):
+                a_1d       = a      [ii + s_[:,] + kk]
+                indices_1d = indices[ii + s_[:,] + kk]
+                values_1d  = values [ii + s_[:,] + kk]
+                for j in range(J):
+                    a_1d[indices_1d[j]] = values_1d[j]
+
+    Equivalently, eliminating the inner loop, the last two lines would be::
+
+                a_1d[indices_1d] = values_1d
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    take_along_axis :
+        Take values from the input array by matching 1d index and data slices
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    For this sample array
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[10, 30, 20], [60, 40, 50]])
+
+    We can replace the maximum values with:
+
+    >>> ai = np.argmax(a, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    >>> ai
+    array([[1],
+           [0]])
+    >>> np.put_along_axis(a, ai, 99, axis=1)
+    >>> a
+    array([[10, 99, 20],
+           [99, 40, 50]])
+
+    """
+    # normalize inputs
+    if axis is None:
+        arr = arr.flat
+        axis = 0
+        arr_shape = (len(arr),)  # flatiter has no .shape
+    else:
+        axis = normalize_axis_index(axis, arr.ndim)
+        arr_shape = arr.shape
+
+    # use the fancy index
+    arr[_make_along_axis_idx(arr_shape, indices, axis)] = values
+
+
+def _apply_along_axis_dispatcher(func1d, axis, arr, *args, **kwargs):
+    return (arr,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_apply_along_axis_dispatcher)
+def apply_along_axis(func1d, axis, arr, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Apply a function to 1-D slices along the given axis.
+
+    Execute `func1d(a, *args, **kwargs)` where `func1d` operates on 1-D arrays
+    and `a` is a 1-D slice of `arr` along `axis`.
+
+    This is equivalent to (but faster than) the following use of `ndindex` and
+    `s_`, which sets each of ``ii``, ``jj``, and ``kk`` to a tuple of indices::
+
+        Ni, Nk = a.shape[:axis], a.shape[axis+1:]
+        for ii in ndindex(Ni):
+            for kk in ndindex(Nk):
+                f = func1d(arr[ii + s_[:,] + kk])
+                Nj = f.shape
+                for jj in ndindex(Nj):
+                    out[ii + jj + kk] = f[jj]
+
+    Equivalently, eliminating the inner loop, this can be expressed as::
+
+        Ni, Nk = a.shape[:axis], a.shape[axis+1:]
+        for ii in ndindex(Ni):
+            for kk in ndindex(Nk):
+                out[ii + s_[...,] + kk] = func1d(arr[ii + s_[:,] + kk])
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    func1d : function (M,) -> (Nj...)
+        This function should accept 1-D arrays. It is applied to 1-D
+        slices of `arr` along the specified axis.
+    axis : integer
+        Axis along which `arr` is sliced.
+    arr : ndarray (Ni..., M, Nk...)
+        Input array.
+    args : any
+        Additional arguments to `func1d`.
+    kwargs : any
+        Additional named arguments to `func1d`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray  (Ni..., Nj..., Nk...)
+        The output array. The shape of `out` is identical to the shape of
+        `arr`, except along the `axis` dimension. This axis is removed, and
+        replaced with new dimensions equal to the shape of the return value
+        of `func1d`. So if `func1d` returns a scalar `out` will have one
+        fewer dimensions than `arr`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    apply_over_axes : Apply a function repeatedly over multiple axes.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> def my_func(a):
+    ...     \"\"\"Average first and last element of a 1-D array\"\"\"
+    ...     return (a[0] + a[-1]) * 0.5
+    >>> b = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]])
+    >>> np.apply_along_axis(my_func, 0, b)
+    array([4., 5., 6.])
+    >>> np.apply_along_axis(my_func, 1, b)
+    array([2.,  5.,  8.])
+
+    For a function that returns a 1D array, the number of dimensions in
+    `outarr` is the same as `arr`.
+
+    >>> b = np.array([[8,1,7], [4,3,9], [5,2,6]])
+    >>> np.apply_along_axis(sorted, 1, b)
+    array([[1, 7, 8],
+           [3, 4, 9],
+           [2, 5, 6]])
+
+    For a function that returns a higher dimensional array, those dimensions
+    are inserted in place of the `axis` dimension.
+
+    >>> b = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]])
+    >>> np.apply_along_axis(np.diag, -1, b)
+    array([[[1, 0, 0],
+            [0, 2, 0],
+            [0, 0, 3]],
+           [[4, 0, 0],
+            [0, 5, 0],
+            [0, 0, 6]],
+           [[7, 0, 0],
+            [0, 8, 0],
+            [0, 0, 9]]])
+    """
+    # handle negative axes
+    arr = asanyarray(arr)
+    nd = arr.ndim
+    axis = normalize_axis_index(axis, nd)
+
+    # arr, with the iteration axis at the end
+    in_dims = list(range(nd))
+    inarr_view = transpose(arr, in_dims[:axis] + in_dims[axis+1:] + [axis])
+
+    # compute indices for the iteration axes, and append a trailing ellipsis to
+    # prevent 0d arrays decaying to scalars, which fixes gh-8642
+    inds = ndindex(inarr_view.shape[:-1])
+    inds = (ind + (Ellipsis,) for ind in inds)
+
+    # invoke the function on the first item
+    try:
+        ind0 = next(inds)
+    except StopIteration:
+        raise ValueError(
+            'Cannot apply_along_axis when any iteration dimensions are 0'
+        ) from None
+    res = asanyarray(func1d(inarr_view[ind0], *args, **kwargs))
+
+    # build a buffer for storing evaluations of func1d.
+    # remove the requested axis, and add the new ones on the end.
+    # laid out so that each write is contiguous.
+    # for a tuple index inds, buff[inds] = func1d(inarr_view[inds])
+    buff = zeros(inarr_view.shape[:-1] + res.shape, res.dtype)
+
+    # permutation of axes such that out = buff.transpose(buff_permute)
+    buff_dims = list(range(buff.ndim))
+    buff_permute = (
+        buff_dims[0 : axis] +
+        buff_dims[buff.ndim-res.ndim : buff.ndim] +
+        buff_dims[axis : buff.ndim-res.ndim]
+    )
+
+    # matrices have a nasty __array_prepare__ and __array_wrap__
+    if not isinstance(res, matrix):
+        buff = res.__array_prepare__(buff)
+
+    # save the first result, then compute and save all remaining results
+    buff[ind0] = res
+    for ind in inds:
+        buff[ind] = asanyarray(func1d(inarr_view[ind], *args, **kwargs))
+
+    if not isinstance(res, matrix):
+        # wrap the array, to preserve subclasses
+        buff = res.__array_wrap__(buff)
+
+        # finally, rotate the inserted axes back to where they belong
+        return transpose(buff, buff_permute)
+
+    else:
+        # matrices have to be transposed first, because they collapse dimensions!
+        out_arr = transpose(buff, buff_permute)
+        return res.__array_wrap__(out_arr)
+
+
+def _apply_over_axes_dispatcher(func, a, axes):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_apply_over_axes_dispatcher)
+def apply_over_axes(func, a, axes):
+    """
+    Apply a function repeatedly over multiple axes.
+
+    `func` is called as `res = func(a, axis)`, where `axis` is the first
+    element of `axes`.  The result `res` of the function call must have
+    either the same dimensions as `a` or one less dimension.  If `res`
+    has one less dimension than `a`, a dimension is inserted before
+    `axis`.  The call to `func` is then repeated for each axis in `axes`,
+    with `res` as the first argument.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    func : function
+        This function must take two arguments, `func(a, axis)`.
+    a : array_like
+        Input array.
+    axes : array_like
+        Axes over which `func` is applied; the elements must be integers.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    apply_over_axis : ndarray
+        The output array.  The number of dimensions is the same as `a`,
+        but the shape can be different.  This depends on whether `func`
+        changes the shape of its output with respect to its input.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    apply_along_axis :
+        Apply a function to 1-D slices of an array along the given axis.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This function is equivalent to tuple axis arguments to reorderable ufuncs
+    with keepdims=True. Tuple axis arguments to ufuncs have been available since
+    version 1.7.0.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.arange(24).reshape(2,3,4)
+    >>> a
+    array([[[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+            [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+            [ 8,  9, 10, 11]],
+           [[12, 13, 14, 15],
+            [16, 17, 18, 19],
+            [20, 21, 22, 23]]])
+
+    Sum over axes 0 and 2. The result has same number of dimensions
+    as the original array:
+
+    >>> np.apply_over_axes(np.sum, a, [0,2])
+    array([[[ 60],
+            [ 92],
+            [124]]])
+
+    Tuple axis arguments to ufuncs are equivalent:
+
+    >>> np.sum(a, axis=(0,2), keepdims=True)
+    array([[[ 60],
+            [ 92],
+            [124]]])
+
+    """
+    val = asarray(a)
+    N = a.ndim
+    if array(axes).ndim == 0:
+        axes = (axes,)
+    for axis in axes:
+        if axis < 0:
+            axis = N + axis
+        args = (val, axis)
+        res = func(*args)
+        if res.ndim == val.ndim:
+            val = res
+        else:
+            res = expand_dims(res, axis)
+            if res.ndim == val.ndim:
+                val = res
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("function is not returning "
+                                 "an array of the correct shape")
+    return val
+
+
+def _expand_dims_dispatcher(a, axis):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_expand_dims_dispatcher)
+def expand_dims(a, axis):
+    """
+    Expand the shape of an array.
+
+    Insert a new axis that will appear at the `axis` position in the expanded
+    array shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array.
+    axis : int or tuple of ints
+        Position in the expanded axes where the new axis (or axes) is placed.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.13.0
+            Passing an axis where ``axis > a.ndim`` will be treated as
+            ``axis == a.ndim``, and passing ``axis < -a.ndim - 1`` will
+            be treated as ``axis == 0``. This behavior is deprecated.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.18.0
+            A tuple of axes is now supported.  Out of range axes as
+            described above are now forbidden and raise an `AxisError`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : ndarray
+        View of `a` with the number of dimensions increased.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    squeeze : The inverse operation, removing singleton dimensions
+    reshape : Insert, remove, and combine dimensions, and resize existing ones
+    doc.indexing, atleast_1d, atleast_2d, atleast_3d
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.array([1, 2])
+    >>> x.shape
+    (2,)
+
+    The following is equivalent to ``x[np.newaxis, :]`` or ``x[np.newaxis]``:
+
+    >>> y = np.expand_dims(x, axis=0)
+    >>> y
+    array([[1, 2]])
+    >>> y.shape
+    (1, 2)
+
+    The following is equivalent to ``x[:, np.newaxis]``:
+
+    >>> y = np.expand_dims(x, axis=1)
+    >>> y
+    array([[1],
+           [2]])
+    >>> y.shape
+    (2, 1)
+
+    ``axis`` may also be a tuple:
+
+    >>> y = np.expand_dims(x, axis=(0, 1))
+    >>> y
+    array([[[1, 2]]])
+
+    >>> y = np.expand_dims(x, axis=(2, 0))
+    >>> y
+    array([[[1],
+            [2]]])
+
+    Note that some examples may use ``None`` instead of ``np.newaxis``.  These
+    are the same objects:
+
+    >>> np.newaxis is None
+    True
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(a, matrix):
+        a = asarray(a)
+    else:
+        a = asanyarray(a)
+
+    if type(axis) not in (tuple, list):
+        axis = (axis,)
+
+    out_ndim = len(axis) + a.ndim
+    axis = normalize_axis_tuple(axis, out_ndim)
+
+    shape_it = iter(a.shape)
+    shape = [1 if ax in axis else next(shape_it) for ax in range(out_ndim)]
+
+    return a.reshape(shape)
+
+
+row_stack = vstack
+
+
+def _column_stack_dispatcher(tup):
+    return _arrays_for_stack_dispatcher(tup)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_column_stack_dispatcher)
+def column_stack(tup):
+    """
+    Stack 1-D arrays as columns into a 2-D array.
+
+    Take a sequence of 1-D arrays and stack them as columns
+    to make a single 2-D array. 2-D arrays are stacked as-is,
+    just like with `hstack`.  1-D arrays are turned into 2-D columns
+    first.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    tup : sequence of 1-D or 2-D arrays.
+        Arrays to stack. All of them must have the same first dimension.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    stacked : 2-D array
+        The array formed by stacking the given arrays.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    stack, hstack, vstack, concatenate
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array((1,2,3))
+    >>> b = np.array((2,3,4))
+    >>> np.column_stack((a,b))
+    array([[1, 2],
+           [2, 3],
+           [3, 4]])
+
+    """
+    arrays = []
+    for v in tup:
+        arr = asanyarray(v)
+        if arr.ndim < 2:
+            arr = array(arr, copy=False, subok=True, ndmin=2).T
+        arrays.append(arr)
+    return _nx.concatenate(arrays, 1)
+
+
+def _dstack_dispatcher(tup):
+    return _arrays_for_stack_dispatcher(tup)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_dstack_dispatcher)
+def dstack(tup):
+    """
+    Stack arrays in sequence depth wise (along third axis).
+
+    This is equivalent to concatenation along the third axis after 2-D arrays
+    of shape `(M,N)` have been reshaped to `(M,N,1)` and 1-D arrays of shape
+    `(N,)` have been reshaped to `(1,N,1)`. Rebuilds arrays divided by
+    `dsplit`.
+
+    This function makes most sense for arrays with up to 3 dimensions. For
+    instance, for pixel-data with a height (first axis), width (second axis),
+    and r/g/b channels (third axis). The functions `concatenate`, `stack` and
+    `block` provide more general stacking and concatenation operations.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    tup : sequence of arrays
+        The arrays must have the same shape along all but the third axis.
+        1-D or 2-D arrays must have the same shape.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    stacked : ndarray
+        The array formed by stacking the given arrays, will be at least 3-D.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    concatenate : Join a sequence of arrays along an existing axis.
+    stack : Join a sequence of arrays along a new axis.
+    block : Assemble an nd-array from nested lists of blocks.
+    vstack : Stack arrays in sequence vertically (row wise).
+    hstack : Stack arrays in sequence horizontally (column wise).
+    column_stack : Stack 1-D arrays as columns into a 2-D array.
+    dsplit : Split array along third axis.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array((1,2,3))
+    >>> b = np.array((2,3,4))
+    >>> np.dstack((a,b))
+    array([[[1, 2],
+            [2, 3],
+            [3, 4]]])
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[1],[2],[3]])
+    >>> b = np.array([[2],[3],[4]])
+    >>> np.dstack((a,b))
+    array([[[1, 2]],
+           [[2, 3]],
+           [[3, 4]]])
+
+    """
+    arrs = atleast_3d(*tup)
+    if not isinstance(arrs, list):
+        arrs = [arrs]
+    return _nx.concatenate(arrs, 2)
+
+
+def _replace_zero_by_x_arrays(sub_arys):
+    for i in range(len(sub_arys)):
+        if _nx.ndim(sub_arys[i]) == 0:
+            sub_arys[i] = _nx.empty(0, dtype=sub_arys[i].dtype)
+        elif _nx.sometrue(_nx.equal(_nx.shape(sub_arys[i]), 0)):
+            sub_arys[i] = _nx.empty(0, dtype=sub_arys[i].dtype)
+    return sub_arys
+
+
+def _array_split_dispatcher(ary, indices_or_sections, axis=None):
+    return (ary, indices_or_sections)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_array_split_dispatcher)
+def array_split(ary, indices_or_sections, axis=0):
+    """
+    Split an array into multiple sub-arrays.
+
+    Please refer to the ``split`` documentation.  The only difference
+    between these functions is that ``array_split`` allows
+    `indices_or_sections` to be an integer that does *not* equally
+    divide the axis. For an array of length l that should be split
+    into n sections, it returns l % n sub-arrays of size l//n + 1
+    and the rest of size l//n.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    split : Split array into multiple sub-arrays of equal size.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.arange(8.0)
+    >>> np.array_split(x, 3)
+    [array([0.,  1.,  2.]), array([3.,  4.,  5.]), array([6.,  7.])]
+
+    >>> x = np.arange(9)
+    >>> np.array_split(x, 4)
+    [array([0, 1, 2]), array([3, 4]), array([5, 6]), array([7, 8])]
+
+    """
+    try:
+        Ntotal = ary.shape[axis]
+    except AttributeError:
+        Ntotal = len(ary)
+    try:
+        # handle array case.
+        Nsections = len(indices_or_sections) + 1
+        div_points = [0] + list(indices_or_sections) + [Ntotal]
+    except TypeError:
+        # indices_or_sections is a scalar, not an array.
+        Nsections = int(indices_or_sections)
+        if Nsections <= 0:
+            raise ValueError('number sections must be larger than 0.') from None
+        Neach_section, extras = divmod(Ntotal, Nsections)
+        section_sizes = ([0] +
+                         extras * [Neach_section+1] +
+                         (Nsections-extras) * [Neach_section])
+        div_points = _nx.array(section_sizes, dtype=_nx.intp).cumsum()
+
+    sub_arys = []
+    sary = _nx.swapaxes(ary, axis, 0)
+    for i in range(Nsections):
+        st = div_points[i]
+        end = div_points[i + 1]
+        sub_arys.append(_nx.swapaxes(sary[st:end], axis, 0))
+
+    return sub_arys
+
+
+def _split_dispatcher(ary, indices_or_sections, axis=None):
+    return (ary, indices_or_sections)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_split_dispatcher)
+def split(ary, indices_or_sections, axis=0):
+    """
+    Split an array into multiple sub-arrays as views into `ary`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ary : ndarray
+        Array to be divided into sub-arrays.
+    indices_or_sections : int or 1-D array
+        If `indices_or_sections` is an integer, N, the array will be divided
+        into N equal arrays along `axis`.  If such a split is not possible,
+        an error is raised.
+
+        If `indices_or_sections` is a 1-D array of sorted integers, the entries
+        indicate where along `axis` the array is split.  For example,
+        ``[2, 3]`` would, for ``axis=0``, result in
+
+          - ary[:2]
+          - ary[2:3]
+          - ary[3:]
+
+        If an index exceeds the dimension of the array along `axis`,
+        an empty sub-array is returned correspondingly.
+    axis : int, optional
+        The axis along which to split, default is 0.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    sub-arrays : list of ndarrays
+        A list of sub-arrays as views into `ary`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If `indices_or_sections` is given as an integer, but
+        a split does not result in equal division.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    array_split : Split an array into multiple sub-arrays of equal or
+                  near-equal size.  Does not raise an exception if
+                  an equal division cannot be made.
+    hsplit : Split array into multiple sub-arrays horizontally (column-wise).
+    vsplit : Split array into multiple sub-arrays vertically (row wise).
+    dsplit : Split array into multiple sub-arrays along the 3rd axis (depth).
+    concatenate : Join a sequence of arrays along an existing axis.
+    stack : Join a sequence of arrays along a new axis.
+    hstack : Stack arrays in sequence horizontally (column wise).
+    vstack : Stack arrays in sequence vertically (row wise).
+    dstack : Stack arrays in sequence depth wise (along third dimension).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.arange(9.0)
+    >>> np.split(x, 3)
+    [array([0.,  1.,  2.]), array([3.,  4.,  5.]), array([6.,  7.,  8.])]
+
+    >>> x = np.arange(8.0)
+    >>> np.split(x, [3, 5, 6, 10])
+    [array([0.,  1.,  2.]),
+     array([3.,  4.]),
+     array([5.]),
+     array([6.,  7.]),
+     array([], dtype=float64)]
+
+    """
+    try:
+        len(indices_or_sections)
+    except TypeError:
+        sections = indices_or_sections
+        N = ary.shape[axis]
+        if N % sections:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'array split does not result in an equal division') from None
+    return array_split(ary, indices_or_sections, axis)
+
+
+def _hvdsplit_dispatcher(ary, indices_or_sections):
+    return (ary, indices_or_sections)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_hvdsplit_dispatcher)
+def hsplit(ary, indices_or_sections):
+    """
+    Split an array into multiple sub-arrays horizontally (column-wise).
+
+    Please refer to the `split` documentation.  `hsplit` is equivalent
+    to `split` with ``axis=1``, the array is always split along the second
+    axis except for 1-D arrays, where it is split at ``axis=0``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    split : Split an array into multiple sub-arrays of equal size.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.arange(16.0).reshape(4, 4)
+    >>> x
+    array([[ 0.,   1.,   2.,   3.],
+           [ 4.,   5.,   6.,   7.],
+           [ 8.,   9.,  10.,  11.],
+           [12.,  13.,  14.,  15.]])
+    >>> np.hsplit(x, 2)
+    [array([[  0.,   1.],
+           [  4.,   5.],
+           [  8.,   9.],
+           [12.,  13.]]),
+     array([[  2.,   3.],
+           [  6.,   7.],
+           [10.,  11.],
+           [14.,  15.]])]
+    >>> np.hsplit(x, np.array([3, 6]))
+    [array([[ 0.,   1.,   2.],
+           [ 4.,   5.,   6.],
+           [ 8.,   9.,  10.],
+           [12.,  13.,  14.]]),
+     array([[ 3.],
+           [ 7.],
+           [11.],
+           [15.]]),
+     array([], shape=(4, 0), dtype=float64)]
+
+    With a higher dimensional array the split is still along the second axis.
+
+    >>> x = np.arange(8.0).reshape(2, 2, 2)
+    >>> x
+    array([[[0.,  1.],
+            [2.,  3.]],
+           [[4.,  5.],
+            [6.,  7.]]])
+    >>> np.hsplit(x, 2)
+    [array([[[0.,  1.]],
+           [[4.,  5.]]]),
+     array([[[2.,  3.]],
+           [[6.,  7.]]])]
+
+    With a 1-D array, the split is along axis 0.
+
+    >>> x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+    >>> np.hsplit(x, 2)
+    [array([0, 1, 2]), array([3, 4, 5])]
+
+    """
+    if _nx.ndim(ary) == 0:
+        raise ValueError('hsplit only works on arrays of 1 or more dimensions')
+    if ary.ndim > 1:
+        return split(ary, indices_or_sections, 1)
+    else:
+        return split(ary, indices_or_sections, 0)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_hvdsplit_dispatcher)
+def vsplit(ary, indices_or_sections):
+    """
+    Split an array into multiple sub-arrays vertically (row-wise).
+
+    Please refer to the ``split`` documentation.  ``vsplit`` is equivalent
+    to ``split`` with `axis=0` (default), the array is always split along the
+    first axis regardless of the array dimension.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    split : Split an array into multiple sub-arrays of equal size.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.arange(16.0).reshape(4, 4)
+    >>> x
+    array([[ 0.,   1.,   2.,   3.],
+           [ 4.,   5.,   6.,   7.],
+           [ 8.,   9.,  10.,  11.],
+           [12.,  13.,  14.,  15.]])
+    >>> np.vsplit(x, 2)
+    [array([[0., 1., 2., 3.],
+           [4., 5., 6., 7.]]), array([[ 8.,  9., 10., 11.],
+           [12., 13., 14., 15.]])]
+    >>> np.vsplit(x, np.array([3, 6]))
+    [array([[ 0.,  1.,  2.,  3.],
+           [ 4.,  5.,  6.,  7.],
+           [ 8.,  9., 10., 11.]]), array([[12., 13., 14., 15.]]), array([], shape=(0, 4), dtype=float64)]
+
+    With a higher dimensional array the split is still along the first axis.
+
+    >>> x = np.arange(8.0).reshape(2, 2, 2)
+    >>> x
+    array([[[0.,  1.],
+            [2.,  3.]],
+           [[4.,  5.],
+            [6.,  7.]]])
+    >>> np.vsplit(x, 2)
+    [array([[[0., 1.],
+            [2., 3.]]]), array([[[4., 5.],
+            [6., 7.]]])]
+
+    """
+    if _nx.ndim(ary) < 2:
+        raise ValueError('vsplit only works on arrays of 2 or more dimensions')
+    return split(ary, indices_or_sections, 0)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_hvdsplit_dispatcher)
+def dsplit(ary, indices_or_sections):
+    """
+    Split array into multiple sub-arrays along the 3rd axis (depth).
+
+    Please refer to the `split` documentation.  `dsplit` is equivalent
+    to `split` with ``axis=2``, the array is always split along the third
+    axis provided the array dimension is greater than or equal to 3.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    split : Split an array into multiple sub-arrays of equal size.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.arange(16.0).reshape(2, 2, 4)
+    >>> x
+    array([[[ 0.,   1.,   2.,   3.],
+            [ 4.,   5.,   6.,   7.]],
+           [[ 8.,   9.,  10.,  11.],
+            [12.,  13.,  14.,  15.]]])
+    >>> np.dsplit(x, 2)
+    [array([[[ 0.,  1.],
+            [ 4.,  5.]],
+           [[ 8.,  9.],
+            [12., 13.]]]), array([[[ 2.,  3.],
+            [ 6.,  7.]],
+           [[10., 11.],
+            [14., 15.]]])]
+    >>> np.dsplit(x, np.array([3, 6]))
+    [array([[[ 0.,   1.,   2.],
+            [ 4.,   5.,   6.]],
+           [[ 8.,   9.,  10.],
+            [12.,  13.,  14.]]]),
+     array([[[ 3.],
+            [ 7.]],
+           [[11.],
+            [15.]]]),
+    array([], shape=(2, 2, 0), dtype=float64)]
+    """
+    if _nx.ndim(ary) < 3:
+        raise ValueError('dsplit only works on arrays of 3 or more dimensions')
+    return split(ary, indices_or_sections, 2)
+
+
+def get_array_prepare(*args):
+    """Find the wrapper for the array with the highest priority.
+
+    In case of ties, leftmost wins. If no wrapper is found, return None
+    """
+    wrappers = sorted((getattr(x, '__array_priority__', 0), -i,
+                 x.__array_prepare__) for i, x in enumerate(args)
+                                   if hasattr(x, '__array_prepare__'))
+    if wrappers:
+        return wrappers[-1][-1]
+    return None
+
+
+def get_array_wrap(*args):
+    """Find the wrapper for the array with the highest priority.
+
+    In case of ties, leftmost wins. If no wrapper is found, return None
+    """
+    wrappers = sorted((getattr(x, '__array_priority__', 0), -i,
+                 x.__array_wrap__) for i, x in enumerate(args)
+                                   if hasattr(x, '__array_wrap__'))
+    if wrappers:
+        return wrappers[-1][-1]
+    return None
+
+
+def _kron_dispatcher(a, b):
+    return (a, b)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_kron_dispatcher)
+def kron(a, b):
+    """
+    Kronecker product of two arrays.
+
+    Computes the Kronecker product, a composite array made of blocks of the
+    second array scaled by the first.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a, b : array_like
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    outer : The outer product
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The function assumes that the number of dimensions of `a` and `b`
+    are the same, if necessary prepending the smallest with ones.
+    If ``a.shape = (r0,r1,..,rN)`` and ``b.shape = (s0,s1,...,sN)``,
+    the Kronecker product has shape ``(r0*s0, r1*s1, ..., rN*SN)``.
+    The elements are products of elements from `a` and `b`, organized
+    explicitly by::
+
+        kron(a,b)[k0,k1,...,kN] = a[i0,i1,...,iN] * b[j0,j1,...,jN]
+
+    where::
+
+        kt = it * st + jt,  t = 0,...,N
+
+    In the common 2-D case (N=1), the block structure can be visualized::
+
+        [[ a[0,0]*b,   a[0,1]*b,  ... , a[0,-1]*b  ],
+         [  ...                              ...   ],
+         [ a[-1,0]*b,  a[-1,1]*b, ... , a[-1,-1]*b ]]
+
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.kron([1,10,100], [5,6,7])
+    array([  5,   6,   7, ..., 500, 600, 700])
+    >>> np.kron([5,6,7], [1,10,100])
+    array([  5,  50, 500, ...,   7,  70, 700])
+
+    >>> np.kron(np.eye(2), np.ones((2,2)))
+    array([[1.,  1.,  0.,  0.],
+           [1.,  1.,  0.,  0.],
+           [0.,  0.,  1.,  1.],
+           [0.,  0.,  1.,  1.]])
+
+    >>> a = np.arange(100).reshape((2,5,2,5))
+    >>> b = np.arange(24).reshape((2,3,4))
+    >>> c = np.kron(a,b)
+    >>> c.shape
+    (2, 10, 6, 20)
+    >>> I = (1,3,0,2)
+    >>> J = (0,2,1)
+    >>> J1 = (0,) + J             # extend to ndim=4
+    >>> S1 = (1,) + b.shape
+    >>> K = tuple(np.array(I) * np.array(S1) + np.array(J1))
+    >>> c[K] == a[I]*b[J]
+    True
+
+    """
+    # Working:
+    # 1. Equalise the shapes by prepending smaller array with 1s
+    # 2. Expand shapes of both the arrays by adding new axes at
+    #    odd positions for 1st array and even positions for 2nd
+    # 3. Compute the product of the modified array
+    # 4. The inner most array elements now contain the rows of
+    #    the Kronecker product
+    # 5. Reshape the result to kron's shape, which is same as
+    #    product of shapes of the two arrays.
+    b = asanyarray(b)
+    a = array(a, copy=False, subok=True, ndmin=b.ndim)
+    is_any_mat = isinstance(a, matrix) or isinstance(b, matrix)
+    ndb, nda = b.ndim, a.ndim
+    nd = max(ndb, nda)
+
+    if (nda == 0 or ndb == 0):
+        return _nx.multiply(a, b)
+
+    as_ = a.shape
+    bs = b.shape
+    if not a.flags.contiguous:
+        a = reshape(a, as_)
+    if not b.flags.contiguous:
+        b = reshape(b, bs)
+
+    # Equalise the shapes by prepending smaller one with 1s
+    as_ = (1,)*max(0, ndb-nda) + as_
+    bs = (1,)*max(0, nda-ndb) + bs
+
+    # Insert empty dimensions
+    a_arr = expand_dims(a, axis=tuple(range(ndb-nda)))
+    b_arr = expand_dims(b, axis=tuple(range(nda-ndb)))
+
+    # Compute the product
+    a_arr = expand_dims(a_arr, axis=tuple(range(1, nd*2, 2)))
+    b_arr = expand_dims(b_arr, axis=tuple(range(0, nd*2, 2)))
+    # In case of `mat`, convert result to `array`
+    result = _nx.multiply(a_arr, b_arr, subok=(not is_any_mat))
+
+    # Reshape back
+    result = result.reshape(_nx.multiply(as_, bs))
+
+    return result if not is_any_mat else matrix(result, copy=False)
+
+
+def _tile_dispatcher(A, reps):
+    return (A, reps)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_tile_dispatcher)
+def tile(A, reps):
+    """
+    Construct an array by repeating A the number of times given by reps.
+
+    If `reps` has length ``d``, the result will have dimension of
+    ``max(d, A.ndim)``.
+
+    If ``A.ndim < d``, `A` is promoted to be d-dimensional by prepending new
+    axes. So a shape (3,) array is promoted to (1, 3) for 2-D replication,
+    or shape (1, 1, 3) for 3-D replication. If this is not the desired
+    behavior, promote `A` to d-dimensions manually before calling this
+    function.
+
+    If ``A.ndim > d``, `reps` is promoted to `A`.ndim by pre-pending 1's to it.
+    Thus for an `A` of shape (2, 3, 4, 5), a `reps` of (2, 2) is treated as
+    (1, 1, 2, 2).
+
+    Note : Although tile may be used for broadcasting, it is strongly
+    recommended to use numpy's broadcasting operations and functions.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    A : array_like
+        The input array.
+    reps : array_like
+        The number of repetitions of `A` along each axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    c : ndarray
+        The tiled output array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    repeat : Repeat elements of an array.
+    broadcast_to : Broadcast an array to a new shape
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([0, 1, 2])
+    >>> np.tile(a, 2)
+    array([0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2])
+    >>> np.tile(a, (2, 2))
+    array([[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2],
+           [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]])
+    >>> np.tile(a, (2, 1, 2))
+    array([[[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]],
+           [[0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]]])
+
+    >>> b = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+    >>> np.tile(b, 2)
+    array([[1, 2, 1, 2],
+           [3, 4, 3, 4]])
+    >>> np.tile(b, (2, 1))
+    array([[1, 2],
+           [3, 4],
+           [1, 2],
+           [3, 4]])
+
+    >>> c = np.array([1,2,3,4])
+    >>> np.tile(c,(4,1))
+    array([[1, 2, 3, 4],
+           [1, 2, 3, 4],
+           [1, 2, 3, 4],
+           [1, 2, 3, 4]])
+    """
+    try:
+        tup = tuple(reps)
+    except TypeError:
+        tup = (reps,)
+    d = len(tup)
+    if all(x == 1 for x in tup) and isinstance(A, _nx.ndarray):
+        # Fixes the problem that the function does not make a copy if A is a
+        # numpy array and the repetitions are 1 in all dimensions
+        return _nx.array(A, copy=True, subok=True, ndmin=d)
+    else:
+        # Note that no copy of zero-sized arrays is made. However since they
+        # have no data there is no risk of an inadvertent overwrite.
+        c = _nx.array(A, copy=False, subok=True, ndmin=d)
+    if (d < c.ndim):
+        tup = (1,)*(c.ndim-d) + tup
+    shape_out = tuple(s*t for s, t in zip(c.shape, tup))
+    n = c.size
+    if n > 0:
+        for dim_in, nrep in zip(c.shape, tup):
+            if nrep != 1:
+                c = c.reshape(-1, n).repeat(nrep, 0)
+            n //= dim_in
+    return c.reshape(shape_out)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/shape_base.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/shape_base.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7cd9608b42fc6fb4f4566a823147daa99580fdcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/shape_base.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from typing import TypeVar, Any, overload, SupportsIndex, Protocol
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from typing import ParamSpec, Concatenate
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import ParamSpec, Concatenate
+
+from numpy import (
+    generic,
+    integer,
+    ufunc,
+    bool_,
+    unsignedinteger,
+    signedinteger,
+    floating,
+    complexfloating,
+    object_,
+)
+
+from numpy._typing import (
+    ArrayLike,
+    NDArray,
+    _ShapeLike,
+    _ArrayLike,
+    _ArrayLikeBool_co,
+    _ArrayLikeUInt_co,
+    _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+)
+
+from numpy.core.shape_base import vstack
+
+_P = ParamSpec("_P")
+_SCT = TypeVar("_SCT", bound=generic)
+
+# The signatures of `__array_wrap__` and `__array_prepare__` are the same;
+# give them unique names for the sake of clarity
+class _ArrayWrap(Protocol):
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        array: NDArray[Any],
+        context: None | tuple[ufunc, tuple[Any, ...], int] = ...,
+        /,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+class _ArrayPrepare(Protocol):
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        array: NDArray[Any],
+        context: None | tuple[ufunc, tuple[Any, ...], int] = ...,
+        /,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+class _SupportsArrayWrap(Protocol):
+    @property
+    def __array_wrap__(self) -> _ArrayWrap: ...
+
+class _SupportsArrayPrepare(Protocol):
+    @property
+    def __array_prepare__(self) -> _ArrayPrepare: ...
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+row_stack = vstack
+
+def take_along_axis(
+    arr: _SCT | NDArray[_SCT],
+    indices: NDArray[integer[Any]],
+    axis: None | int,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+
+def put_along_axis(
+    arr: NDArray[_SCT],
+    indices: NDArray[integer[Any]],
+    values: ArrayLike,
+    axis: None | int,
+) -> None: ...
+
+@overload
+def apply_along_axis(
+    func1d: Callable[Concatenate[NDArray[Any], _P], _ArrayLike[_SCT]],
+    axis: SupportsIndex,
+    arr: ArrayLike,
+    *args: _P.args,
+    **kwargs: _P.kwargs,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def apply_along_axis(
+    func1d: Callable[Concatenate[NDArray[Any], _P], ArrayLike],
+    axis: SupportsIndex,
+    arr: ArrayLike,
+    *args: _P.args,
+    **kwargs: _P.kwargs,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+def apply_over_axes(
+    func: Callable[[NDArray[Any], int], NDArray[_SCT]],
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axes: int | Sequence[int],
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+
+@overload
+def expand_dims(
+    a: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    axis: _ShapeLike,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def expand_dims(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    axis: _ShapeLike,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def column_stack(tup: Sequence[_ArrayLike[_SCT]]) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def column_stack(tup: Sequence[ArrayLike]) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def dstack(tup: Sequence[_ArrayLike[_SCT]]) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def dstack(tup: Sequence[ArrayLike]) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def array_split(
+    ary: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    indices_or_sections: _ShapeLike,
+    axis: SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> list[NDArray[_SCT]]: ...
+@overload
+def array_split(
+    ary: ArrayLike,
+    indices_or_sections: _ShapeLike,
+    axis: SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> list[NDArray[Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def split(
+    ary: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    indices_or_sections: _ShapeLike,
+    axis: SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> list[NDArray[_SCT]]: ...
+@overload
+def split(
+    ary: ArrayLike,
+    indices_or_sections: _ShapeLike,
+    axis: SupportsIndex = ...,
+) -> list[NDArray[Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def hsplit(
+    ary: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    indices_or_sections: _ShapeLike,
+) -> list[NDArray[_SCT]]: ...
+@overload
+def hsplit(
+    ary: ArrayLike,
+    indices_or_sections: _ShapeLike,
+) -> list[NDArray[Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def vsplit(
+    ary: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    indices_or_sections: _ShapeLike,
+) -> list[NDArray[_SCT]]: ...
+@overload
+def vsplit(
+    ary: ArrayLike,
+    indices_or_sections: _ShapeLike,
+) -> list[NDArray[Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def dsplit(
+    ary: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    indices_or_sections: _ShapeLike,
+) -> list[NDArray[_SCT]]: ...
+@overload
+def dsplit(
+    ary: ArrayLike,
+    indices_or_sections: _ShapeLike,
+) -> list[NDArray[Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def get_array_prepare(*args: _SupportsArrayPrepare) -> _ArrayPrepare: ...
+@overload
+def get_array_prepare(*args: object) -> None | _ArrayPrepare: ...
+
+@overload
+def get_array_wrap(*args: _SupportsArrayWrap) -> _ArrayWrap: ...
+@overload
+def get_array_wrap(*args: object) -> None | _ArrayWrap: ...
+
+@overload
+def kron(a: _ArrayLikeBool_co, b: _ArrayLikeBool_co) -> NDArray[bool_]: ...  # type: ignore[misc]
+@overload
+def kron(a: _ArrayLikeUInt_co, b: _ArrayLikeUInt_co) -> NDArray[unsignedinteger[Any]]: ...  # type: ignore[misc]
+@overload
+def kron(a: _ArrayLikeInt_co, b: _ArrayLikeInt_co) -> NDArray[signedinteger[Any]]: ...  # type: ignore[misc]
+@overload
+def kron(a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, b: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...  # type: ignore[misc]
+@overload
+def kron(a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, b: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def kron(a: _ArrayLikeObject_co, b: Any) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+@overload
+def kron(a: Any, b: _ArrayLikeObject_co) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+
+@overload
+def tile(
+    A: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    reps: int | Sequence[int],
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def tile(
+    A: ArrayLike,
+    reps: int | Sequence[int],
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6794ad557a2e309e3ca7e652e0c5cc093d34e615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+"""
+Utilities that manipulate strides to achieve desirable effects.
+
+An explanation of strides can be found in the "ndarray.rst" file in the
+NumPy reference guide.
+
+"""
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.core.numeric import normalize_axis_tuple
+from numpy.core.overrides import array_function_dispatch, set_module
+
+__all__ = ['broadcast_to', 'broadcast_arrays', 'broadcast_shapes']
+
+
+class DummyArray:
+    """Dummy object that just exists to hang __array_interface__ dictionaries
+    and possibly keep alive a reference to a base array.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, interface, base=None):
+        self.__array_interface__ = interface
+        self.base = base
+
+
+def _maybe_view_as_subclass(original_array, new_array):
+    if type(original_array) is not type(new_array):
+        # if input was an ndarray subclass and subclasses were OK,
+        # then view the result as that subclass.
+        new_array = new_array.view(type=type(original_array))
+        # Since we have done something akin to a view from original_array, we
+        # should let the subclass finalize (if it has it implemented, i.e., is
+        # not None).
+        if new_array.__array_finalize__:
+            new_array.__array_finalize__(original_array)
+    return new_array
+
+
+def as_strided(x, shape=None, strides=None, subok=False, writeable=True):
+    """
+    Create a view into the array with the given shape and strides.
+
+    .. warning:: This function has to be used with extreme care, see notes.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : ndarray
+        Array to create a new.
+    shape : sequence of int, optional
+        The shape of the new array. Defaults to ``x.shape``.
+    strides : sequence of int, optional
+        The strides of the new array. Defaults to ``x.strides``.
+    subok : bool, optional
+        .. versionadded:: 1.10
+
+        If True, subclasses are preserved.
+    writeable : bool, optional
+        .. versionadded:: 1.12
+
+        If set to False, the returned array will always be readonly.
+        Otherwise it will be writable if the original array was. It
+        is advisable to set this to False if possible (see Notes).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    view : ndarray
+
+    See also
+    --------
+    broadcast_to : broadcast an array to a given shape.
+    reshape : reshape an array.
+    lib.stride_tricks.sliding_window_view :
+        userfriendly and safe function for the creation of sliding window views.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    ``as_strided`` creates a view into the array given the exact strides
+    and shape. This means it manipulates the internal data structure of
+    ndarray and, if done incorrectly, the array elements can point to
+    invalid memory and can corrupt results or crash your program.
+    It is advisable to always use the original ``x.strides`` when
+    calculating new strides to avoid reliance on a contiguous memory
+    layout.
+
+    Furthermore, arrays created with this function often contain self
+    overlapping memory, so that two elements are identical.
+    Vectorized write operations on such arrays will typically be
+    unpredictable. They may even give different results for small, large,
+    or transposed arrays.
+
+    Since writing to these arrays has to be tested and done with great
+    care, you may want to use ``writeable=False`` to avoid accidental write
+    operations.
+
+    For these reasons it is advisable to avoid ``as_strided`` when
+    possible.
+    """
+    # first convert input to array, possibly keeping subclass
+    x = np.array(x, copy=False, subok=subok)
+    interface = dict(x.__array_interface__)
+    if shape is not None:
+        interface['shape'] = tuple(shape)
+    if strides is not None:
+        interface['strides'] = tuple(strides)
+
+    array = np.asarray(DummyArray(interface, base=x))
+    # The route via `__interface__` does not preserve structured
+    # dtypes. Since dtype should remain unchanged, we set it explicitly.
+    array.dtype = x.dtype
+
+    view = _maybe_view_as_subclass(x, array)
+
+    if view.flags.writeable and not writeable:
+        view.flags.writeable = False
+
+    return view
+
+
+def _sliding_window_view_dispatcher(x, window_shape, axis=None, *,
+                                    subok=None, writeable=None):
+    return (x,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_sliding_window_view_dispatcher)
+def sliding_window_view(x, window_shape, axis=None, *,
+                        subok=False, writeable=False):
+    """
+    Create a sliding window view into the array with the given window shape.
+
+    Also known as rolling or moving window, the window slides across all
+    dimensions of the array and extracts subsets of the array at all window
+    positions.
+    
+    .. versionadded:: 1.20.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Array to create the sliding window view from.
+    window_shape : int or tuple of int
+        Size of window over each axis that takes part in the sliding window.
+        If `axis` is not present, must have same length as the number of input
+        array dimensions. Single integers `i` are treated as if they were the
+        tuple `(i,)`.
+    axis : int or tuple of int, optional
+        Axis or axes along which the sliding window is applied.
+        By default, the sliding window is applied to all axes and
+        `window_shape[i]` will refer to axis `i` of `x`.
+        If `axis` is given as a `tuple of int`, `window_shape[i]` will refer to
+        the axis `axis[i]` of `x`.
+        Single integers `i` are treated as if they were the tuple `(i,)`.
+    subok : bool, optional
+        If True, sub-classes will be passed-through, otherwise the returned
+        array will be forced to be a base-class array (default).
+    writeable : bool, optional
+        When true, allow writing to the returned view. The default is false,
+        as this should be used with caution: the returned view contains the
+        same memory location multiple times, so writing to one location will
+        cause others to change.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    view : ndarray
+        Sliding window view of the array. The sliding window dimensions are
+        inserted at the end, and the original dimensions are trimmed as
+        required by the size of the sliding window.
+        That is, ``view.shape = x_shape_trimmed + window_shape``, where
+        ``x_shape_trimmed`` is ``x.shape`` with every entry reduced by one less
+        than the corresponding window size.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lib.stride_tricks.as_strided: A lower-level and less safe routine for
+        creating arbitrary views from custom shape and strides.
+    broadcast_to: broadcast an array to a given shape.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For many applications using a sliding window view can be convenient, but
+    potentially very slow. Often specialized solutions exist, for example:
+
+    - `scipy.signal.fftconvolve`
+
+    - filtering functions in `scipy.ndimage`
+
+    - moving window functions provided by
+      `bottleneck `_.
+
+    As a rough estimate, a sliding window approach with an input size of `N`
+    and a window size of `W` will scale as `O(N*W)` where frequently a special
+    algorithm can achieve `O(N)`. That means that the sliding window variant
+    for a window size of 100 can be a 100 times slower than a more specialized
+    version.
+
+    Nevertheless, for small window sizes, when no custom algorithm exists, or
+    as a prototyping and developing tool, this function can be a good solution.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.arange(6)
+    >>> x.shape
+    (6,)
+    >>> v = sliding_window_view(x, 3)
+    >>> v.shape
+    (4, 3)
+    >>> v
+    array([[0, 1, 2],
+           [1, 2, 3],
+           [2, 3, 4],
+           [3, 4, 5]])
+
+    This also works in more dimensions, e.g.
+
+    >>> i, j = np.ogrid[:3, :4]
+    >>> x = 10*i + j
+    >>> x.shape
+    (3, 4)
+    >>> x
+    array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+           [10, 11, 12, 13],
+           [20, 21, 22, 23]])
+    >>> shape = (2,2)
+    >>> v = sliding_window_view(x, shape)
+    >>> v.shape
+    (2, 3, 2, 2)
+    >>> v
+    array([[[[ 0,  1],
+             [10, 11]],
+            [[ 1,  2],
+             [11, 12]],
+            [[ 2,  3],
+             [12, 13]]],
+           [[[10, 11],
+             [20, 21]],
+            [[11, 12],
+             [21, 22]],
+            [[12, 13],
+             [22, 23]]]])
+
+    The axis can be specified explicitly:
+
+    >>> v = sliding_window_view(x, 3, 0)
+    >>> v.shape
+    (1, 4, 3)
+    >>> v
+    array([[[ 0, 10, 20],
+            [ 1, 11, 21],
+            [ 2, 12, 22],
+            [ 3, 13, 23]]])
+
+    The same axis can be used several times. In that case, every use reduces
+    the corresponding original dimension:
+
+    >>> v = sliding_window_view(x, (2, 3), (1, 1))
+    >>> v.shape
+    (3, 1, 2, 3)
+    >>> v
+    array([[[[ 0,  1,  2],
+             [ 1,  2,  3]]],
+           [[[10, 11, 12],
+             [11, 12, 13]]],
+           [[[20, 21, 22],
+             [21, 22, 23]]]])
+
+    Combining with stepped slicing (`::step`), this can be used to take sliding
+    views which skip elements:
+
+    >>> x = np.arange(7)
+    >>> sliding_window_view(x, 5)[:, ::2]
+    array([[0, 2, 4],
+           [1, 3, 5],
+           [2, 4, 6]])
+
+    or views which move by multiple elements
+
+    >>> x = np.arange(7)
+    >>> sliding_window_view(x, 3)[::2, :]
+    array([[0, 1, 2],
+           [2, 3, 4],
+           [4, 5, 6]])
+
+    A common application of `sliding_window_view` is the calculation of running
+    statistics. The simplest example is the
+    `moving average `_:
+
+    >>> x = np.arange(6)
+    >>> x.shape
+    (6,)
+    >>> v = sliding_window_view(x, 3)
+    >>> v.shape
+    (4, 3)
+    >>> v
+    array([[0, 1, 2],
+           [1, 2, 3],
+           [2, 3, 4],
+           [3, 4, 5]])
+    >>> moving_average = v.mean(axis=-1)
+    >>> moving_average
+    array([1., 2., 3., 4.])
+
+    Note that a sliding window approach is often **not** optimal (see Notes).
+    """
+    window_shape = (tuple(window_shape)
+                    if np.iterable(window_shape)
+                    else (window_shape,))
+    # first convert input to array, possibly keeping subclass
+    x = np.array(x, copy=False, subok=subok)
+
+    window_shape_array = np.array(window_shape)
+    if np.any(window_shape_array < 0):
+        raise ValueError('`window_shape` cannot contain negative values')
+
+    if axis is None:
+        axis = tuple(range(x.ndim))
+        if len(window_shape) != len(axis):
+            raise ValueError(f'Since axis is `None`, must provide '
+                             f'window_shape for all dimensions of `x`; '
+                             f'got {len(window_shape)} window_shape elements '
+                             f'and `x.ndim` is {x.ndim}.')
+    else:
+        axis = normalize_axis_tuple(axis, x.ndim, allow_duplicate=True)
+        if len(window_shape) != len(axis):
+            raise ValueError(f'Must provide matching length window_shape and '
+                             f'axis; got {len(window_shape)} window_shape '
+                             f'elements and {len(axis)} axes elements.')
+
+    out_strides = x.strides + tuple(x.strides[ax] for ax in axis)
+
+    # note: same axis can be windowed repeatedly
+    x_shape_trimmed = list(x.shape)
+    for ax, dim in zip(axis, window_shape):
+        if x_shape_trimmed[ax] < dim:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'window shape cannot be larger than input array shape')
+        x_shape_trimmed[ax] -= dim - 1
+    out_shape = tuple(x_shape_trimmed) + window_shape
+    return as_strided(x, strides=out_strides, shape=out_shape,
+                      subok=subok, writeable=writeable)
+
+
+def _broadcast_to(array, shape, subok, readonly):
+    shape = tuple(shape) if np.iterable(shape) else (shape,)
+    array = np.array(array, copy=False, subok=subok)
+    if not shape and array.shape:
+        raise ValueError('cannot broadcast a non-scalar to a scalar array')
+    if any(size < 0 for size in shape):
+        raise ValueError('all elements of broadcast shape must be non-'
+                         'negative')
+    extras = []
+    it = np.nditer(
+        (array,), flags=['multi_index', 'refs_ok', 'zerosize_ok'] + extras,
+        op_flags=['readonly'], itershape=shape, order='C')
+    with it:
+        # never really has writebackifcopy semantics
+        broadcast = it.itviews[0]
+    result = _maybe_view_as_subclass(array, broadcast)
+    # In a future version this will go away
+    if not readonly and array.flags._writeable_no_warn:
+        result.flags.writeable = True
+        result.flags._warn_on_write = True
+    return result
+
+
+def _broadcast_to_dispatcher(array, shape, subok=None):
+    return (array,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_broadcast_to_dispatcher, module='numpy')
+def broadcast_to(array, shape, subok=False):
+    """Broadcast an array to a new shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    array : array_like
+        The array to broadcast.
+    shape : tuple or int
+        The shape of the desired array. A single integer ``i`` is interpreted
+        as ``(i,)``.
+    subok : bool, optional
+        If True, then sub-classes will be passed-through, otherwise
+        the returned array will be forced to be a base-class array (default).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    broadcast : array
+        A readonly view on the original array with the given shape. It is
+        typically not contiguous. Furthermore, more than one element of a
+        broadcasted array may refer to a single memory location.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If the array is not compatible with the new shape according to NumPy's
+        broadcasting rules.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    broadcast
+    broadcast_arrays
+    broadcast_shapes
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.array([1, 2, 3])
+    >>> np.broadcast_to(x, (3, 3))
+    array([[1, 2, 3],
+           [1, 2, 3],
+           [1, 2, 3]])
+    """
+    return _broadcast_to(array, shape, subok=subok, readonly=True)
+
+
+def _broadcast_shape(*args):
+    """Returns the shape of the arrays that would result from broadcasting the
+    supplied arrays against each other.
+    """
+    # use the old-iterator because np.nditer does not handle size 0 arrays
+    # consistently
+    b = np.broadcast(*args[:32])
+    # unfortunately, it cannot handle 32 or more arguments directly
+    for pos in range(32, len(args), 31):
+        # ironically, np.broadcast does not properly handle np.broadcast
+        # objects (it treats them as scalars)
+        # use broadcasting to avoid allocating the full array
+        b = broadcast_to(0, b.shape)
+        b = np.broadcast(b, *args[pos:(pos + 31)])
+    return b.shape
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def broadcast_shapes(*args):
+    """
+    Broadcast the input shapes into a single shape.
+
+    :ref:`Learn more about broadcasting here `.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.20.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    `*args` : tuples of ints, or ints
+        The shapes to be broadcast against each other.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    tuple
+        Broadcasted shape.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If the shapes are not compatible and cannot be broadcast according
+        to NumPy's broadcasting rules.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    broadcast
+    broadcast_arrays
+    broadcast_to
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.broadcast_shapes((1, 2), (3, 1), (3, 2))
+    (3, 2)
+
+    >>> np.broadcast_shapes((6, 7), (5, 6, 1), (7,), (5, 1, 7))
+    (5, 6, 7)
+    """
+    arrays = [np.empty(x, dtype=[]) for x in args]
+    return _broadcast_shape(*arrays)
+
+
+def _broadcast_arrays_dispatcher(*args, subok=None):
+    return args
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_broadcast_arrays_dispatcher, module='numpy')
+def broadcast_arrays(*args, subok=False):
+    """
+    Broadcast any number of arrays against each other.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    `*args` : array_likes
+        The arrays to broadcast.
+
+    subok : bool, optional
+        If True, then sub-classes will be passed-through, otherwise
+        the returned arrays will be forced to be a base-class array (default).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    broadcasted : list of arrays
+        These arrays are views on the original arrays.  They are typically
+        not contiguous.  Furthermore, more than one element of a
+        broadcasted array may refer to a single memory location. If you need
+        to write to the arrays, make copies first. While you can set the
+        ``writable`` flag True, writing to a single output value may end up
+        changing more than one location in the output array.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.17
+            The output is currently marked so that if written to, a deprecation
+            warning will be emitted. A future version will set the
+            ``writable`` flag False so writing to it will raise an error.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    broadcast
+    broadcast_to
+    broadcast_shapes
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.array([[1,2,3]])
+    >>> y = np.array([[4],[5]])
+    >>> np.broadcast_arrays(x, y)
+    [array([[1, 2, 3],
+           [1, 2, 3]]), array([[4, 4, 4],
+           [5, 5, 5]])]
+
+    Here is a useful idiom for getting contiguous copies instead of
+    non-contiguous views.
+
+    >>> [np.array(a) for a in np.broadcast_arrays(x, y)]
+    [array([[1, 2, 3],
+           [1, 2, 3]]), array([[4, 4, 4],
+           [5, 5, 5]])]
+
+    """
+    # nditer is not used here to avoid the limit of 32 arrays.
+    # Otherwise, something like the following one-liner would suffice:
+    # return np.nditer(args, flags=['multi_index', 'zerosize_ok'],
+    #                  order='C').itviews
+
+    args = [np.array(_m, copy=False, subok=subok) for _m in args]
+
+    shape = _broadcast_shape(*args)
+
+    if all(array.shape == shape for array in args):
+        # Common case where nothing needs to be broadcasted.
+        return args
+
+    return [_broadcast_to(array, shape, subok=subok, readonly=False)
+            for array in args]
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c9a98e85f7849ad262ca9e8a3d43f548234d8bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, overload, SupportsIndex
+
+from numpy import generic
+from numpy._typing import (
+    NDArray,
+    ArrayLike,
+    _ShapeLike,
+    _Shape,
+    _ArrayLike
+)
+
+_SCT = TypeVar("_SCT", bound=generic)
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+class DummyArray:
+    __array_interface__: dict[str, Any]
+    base: None | NDArray[Any]
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        interface: dict[str, Any],
+        base: None | NDArray[Any] = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+@overload
+def as_strided(
+    x: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    shape: None | Iterable[int] = ...,
+    strides: None | Iterable[int] = ...,
+    subok: bool = ...,
+    writeable: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def as_strided(
+    x: ArrayLike,
+    shape: None | Iterable[int] = ...,
+    strides: None | Iterable[int] = ...,
+    subok: bool = ...,
+    writeable: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def sliding_window_view(
+    x: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    window_shape: int | Iterable[int],
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    subok: bool = ...,
+    writeable: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def sliding_window_view(
+    x: ArrayLike,
+    window_shape: int | Iterable[int],
+    axis: None | SupportsIndex = ...,
+    *,
+    subok: bool = ...,
+    writeable: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def broadcast_to(
+    array: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    shape: int | Iterable[int],
+    subok: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def broadcast_to(
+    array: ArrayLike,
+    shape: int | Iterable[int],
+    subok: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+def broadcast_shapes(*args: _ShapeLike) -> _Shape: ...
+
+def broadcast_arrays(
+    *args: ArrayLike,
+    subok: bool = ...,
+) -> list[NDArray[Any]]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/twodim_base.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/twodim_base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6dcb656519342e516a6f1be0bf283bb1f326214f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/twodim_base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1183 @@
+""" Basic functions for manipulating 2d arrays
+
+"""
+import functools
+import operator
+
+from numpy.core.numeric import (
+    asanyarray, arange, zeros, greater_equal, multiply, ones,
+    asarray, where, int8, int16, int32, int64, intp, empty, promote_types,
+    diagonal, nonzero, indices
+    )
+from numpy.core.overrides import set_array_function_like_doc, set_module
+from numpy.core import overrides
+from numpy.core import iinfo
+from numpy.lib.stride_tricks import broadcast_to
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'diag', 'diagflat', 'eye', 'fliplr', 'flipud', 'tri', 'triu',
+    'tril', 'vander', 'histogram2d', 'mask_indices', 'tril_indices',
+    'tril_indices_from', 'triu_indices', 'triu_indices_from', ]
+
+
+array_function_dispatch = functools.partial(
+    overrides.array_function_dispatch, module='numpy')
+
+
+i1 = iinfo(int8)
+i2 = iinfo(int16)
+i4 = iinfo(int32)
+
+
+def _min_int(low, high):
+    """ get small int that fits the range """
+    if high <= i1.max and low >= i1.min:
+        return int8
+    if high <= i2.max and low >= i2.min:
+        return int16
+    if high <= i4.max and low >= i4.min:
+        return int32
+    return int64
+
+
+def _flip_dispatcher(m):
+    return (m,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_flip_dispatcher)
+def fliplr(m):
+    """
+    Reverse the order of elements along axis 1 (left/right).
+
+    For a 2-D array, this flips the entries in each row in the left/right
+    direction. Columns are preserved, but appear in a different order than
+    before.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    m : array_like
+        Input array, must be at least 2-D.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    f : ndarray
+        A view of `m` with the columns reversed.  Since a view
+        is returned, this operation is :math:`\\mathcal O(1)`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    flipud : Flip array in the up/down direction.
+    flip : Flip array in one or more dimensions.
+    rot90 : Rotate array counterclockwise.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Equivalent to ``m[:,::-1]`` or ``np.flip(m, axis=1)``.
+    Requires the array to be at least 2-D.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> A = np.diag([1.,2.,3.])
+    >>> A
+    array([[1.,  0.,  0.],
+           [0.,  2.,  0.],
+           [0.,  0.,  3.]])
+    >>> np.fliplr(A)
+    array([[0.,  0.,  1.],
+           [0.,  2.,  0.],
+           [3.,  0.,  0.]])
+
+    >>> A = np.random.randn(2,3,5)
+    >>> np.all(np.fliplr(A) == A[:,::-1,...])
+    True
+
+    """
+    m = asanyarray(m)
+    if m.ndim < 2:
+        raise ValueError("Input must be >= 2-d.")
+    return m[:, ::-1]
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_flip_dispatcher)
+def flipud(m):
+    """
+    Reverse the order of elements along axis 0 (up/down).
+
+    For a 2-D array, this flips the entries in each column in the up/down
+    direction. Rows are preserved, but appear in a different order than before.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    m : array_like
+        Input array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : array_like
+        A view of `m` with the rows reversed.  Since a view is
+        returned, this operation is :math:`\\mathcal O(1)`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    fliplr : Flip array in the left/right direction.
+    flip : Flip array in one or more dimensions.
+    rot90 : Rotate array counterclockwise.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Equivalent to ``m[::-1, ...]`` or ``np.flip(m, axis=0)``.
+    Requires the array to be at least 1-D.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> A = np.diag([1.0, 2, 3])
+    >>> A
+    array([[1.,  0.,  0.],
+           [0.,  2.,  0.],
+           [0.,  0.,  3.]])
+    >>> np.flipud(A)
+    array([[0.,  0.,  3.],
+           [0.,  2.,  0.],
+           [1.,  0.,  0.]])
+
+    >>> A = np.random.randn(2,3,5)
+    >>> np.all(np.flipud(A) == A[::-1,...])
+    True
+
+    >>> np.flipud([1,2])
+    array([2, 1])
+
+    """
+    m = asanyarray(m)
+    if m.ndim < 1:
+        raise ValueError("Input must be >= 1-d.")
+    return m[::-1, ...]
+
+
+@set_array_function_like_doc
+@set_module('numpy')
+def eye(N, M=None, k=0, dtype=float, order='C', *, like=None):
+    """
+    Return a 2-D array with ones on the diagonal and zeros elsewhere.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    N : int
+      Number of rows in the output.
+    M : int, optional
+      Number of columns in the output. If None, defaults to `N`.
+    k : int, optional
+      Index of the diagonal: 0 (the default) refers to the main diagonal,
+      a positive value refers to an upper diagonal, and a negative value
+      to a lower diagonal.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+      Data-type of the returned array.
+    order : {'C', 'F'}, optional
+        Whether the output should be stored in row-major (C-style) or
+        column-major (Fortran-style) order in memory.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.14.0
+    ${ARRAY_FUNCTION_LIKE}
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.20.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    I : ndarray of shape (N,M)
+      An array where all elements are equal to zero, except for the `k`-th
+      diagonal, whose values are equal to one.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    identity : (almost) equivalent function
+    diag : diagonal 2-D array from a 1-D array specified by the user.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.eye(2, dtype=int)
+    array([[1, 0],
+           [0, 1]])
+    >>> np.eye(3, k=1)
+    array([[0.,  1.,  0.],
+           [0.,  0.,  1.],
+           [0.,  0.,  0.]])
+
+    """
+    if like is not None:
+        return _eye_with_like(like, N, M=M, k=k, dtype=dtype, order=order)
+    if M is None:
+        M = N
+    m = zeros((N, M), dtype=dtype, order=order)
+    if k >= M:
+        return m
+    # Ensure M and k are integers, so we don't get any surprise casting
+    # results in the expressions `M-k` and `M+1` used below.  This avoids
+    # a problem with inputs with type (for example) np.uint64.
+    M = operator.index(M)
+    k = operator.index(k)
+    if k >= 0:
+        i = k
+    else:
+        i = (-k) * M
+    m[:M-k].flat[i::M+1] = 1
+    return m
+
+
+_eye_with_like = array_function_dispatch()(eye)
+
+
+def _diag_dispatcher(v, k=None):
+    return (v,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_diag_dispatcher)
+def diag(v, k=0):
+    """
+    Extract a diagonal or construct a diagonal array.
+
+    See the more detailed documentation for ``numpy.diagonal`` if you use this
+    function to extract a diagonal and wish to write to the resulting array;
+    whether it returns a copy or a view depends on what version of numpy you
+    are using.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    v : array_like
+        If `v` is a 2-D array, return a copy of its `k`-th diagonal.
+        If `v` is a 1-D array, return a 2-D array with `v` on the `k`-th
+        diagonal.
+    k : int, optional
+        Diagonal in question. The default is 0. Use `k>0` for diagonals
+        above the main diagonal, and `k<0` for diagonals below the main
+        diagonal.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        The extracted diagonal or constructed diagonal array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    diagonal : Return specified diagonals.
+    diagflat : Create a 2-D array with the flattened input as a diagonal.
+    trace : Sum along diagonals.
+    triu : Upper triangle of an array.
+    tril : Lower triangle of an array.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.arange(9).reshape((3,3))
+    >>> x
+    array([[0, 1, 2],
+           [3, 4, 5],
+           [6, 7, 8]])
+
+    >>> np.diag(x)
+    array([0, 4, 8])
+    >>> np.diag(x, k=1)
+    array([1, 5])
+    >>> np.diag(x, k=-1)
+    array([3, 7])
+
+    >>> np.diag(np.diag(x))
+    array([[0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 4, 0],
+           [0, 0, 8]])
+
+    """
+    v = asanyarray(v)
+    s = v.shape
+    if len(s) == 1:
+        n = s[0]+abs(k)
+        res = zeros((n, n), v.dtype)
+        if k >= 0:
+            i = k
+        else:
+            i = (-k) * n
+        res[:n-k].flat[i::n+1] = v
+        return res
+    elif len(s) == 2:
+        return diagonal(v, k)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Input must be 1- or 2-d.")
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_diag_dispatcher)
+def diagflat(v, k=0):
+    """
+    Create a two-dimensional array with the flattened input as a diagonal.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    v : array_like
+        Input data, which is flattened and set as the `k`-th
+        diagonal of the output.
+    k : int, optional
+        Diagonal to set; 0, the default, corresponds to the "main" diagonal,
+        a positive (negative) `k` giving the number of the diagonal above
+        (below) the main.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        The 2-D output array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    diag : MATLAB work-alike for 1-D and 2-D arrays.
+    diagonal : Return specified diagonals.
+    trace : Sum along diagonals.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.diagflat([[1,2], [3,4]])
+    array([[1, 0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 2, 0, 0],
+           [0, 0, 3, 0],
+           [0, 0, 0, 4]])
+
+    >>> np.diagflat([1,2], 1)
+    array([[0, 1, 0],
+           [0, 0, 2],
+           [0, 0, 0]])
+
+    """
+    try:
+        wrap = v.__array_wrap__
+    except AttributeError:
+        wrap = None
+    v = asarray(v).ravel()
+    s = len(v)
+    n = s + abs(k)
+    res = zeros((n, n), v.dtype)
+    if (k >= 0):
+        i = arange(0, n-k, dtype=intp)
+        fi = i+k+i*n
+    else:
+        i = arange(0, n+k, dtype=intp)
+        fi = i+(i-k)*n
+    res.flat[fi] = v
+    if not wrap:
+        return res
+    return wrap(res)
+
+
+@set_array_function_like_doc
+@set_module('numpy')
+def tri(N, M=None, k=0, dtype=float, *, like=None):
+    """
+    An array with ones at and below the given diagonal and zeros elsewhere.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    N : int
+        Number of rows in the array.
+    M : int, optional
+        Number of columns in the array.
+        By default, `M` is taken equal to `N`.
+    k : int, optional
+        The sub-diagonal at and below which the array is filled.
+        `k` = 0 is the main diagonal, while `k` < 0 is below it,
+        and `k` > 0 is above.  The default is 0.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+        Data type of the returned array.  The default is float.
+    ${ARRAY_FUNCTION_LIKE}
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.20.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    tri : ndarray of shape (N, M)
+        Array with its lower triangle filled with ones and zero elsewhere;
+        in other words ``T[i,j] == 1`` for ``j <= i + k``, 0 otherwise.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.tri(3, 5, 2, dtype=int)
+    array([[1, 1, 1, 0, 0],
+           [1, 1, 1, 1, 0],
+           [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]])
+
+    >>> np.tri(3, 5, -1)
+    array([[0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
+           [1.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
+           [1.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0.]])
+
+    """
+    if like is not None:
+        return _tri_with_like(like, N, M=M, k=k, dtype=dtype)
+
+    if M is None:
+        M = N
+
+    m = greater_equal.outer(arange(N, dtype=_min_int(0, N)),
+                            arange(-k, M-k, dtype=_min_int(-k, M - k)))
+
+    # Avoid making a copy if the requested type is already bool
+    m = m.astype(dtype, copy=False)
+
+    return m
+
+
+_tri_with_like = array_function_dispatch()(tri)
+
+
+def _trilu_dispatcher(m, k=None):
+    return (m,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_trilu_dispatcher)
+def tril(m, k=0):
+    """
+    Lower triangle of an array.
+
+    Return a copy of an array with elements above the `k`-th diagonal zeroed.
+    For arrays with ``ndim`` exceeding 2, `tril` will apply to the final two
+    axes.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    m : array_like, shape (..., M, N)
+        Input array.
+    k : int, optional
+        Diagonal above which to zero elements.  `k = 0` (the default) is the
+        main diagonal, `k < 0` is below it and `k > 0` is above.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    tril : ndarray, shape (..., M, N)
+        Lower triangle of `m`, of same shape and data-type as `m`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    triu : same thing, only for the upper triangle
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.tril([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9],[10,11,12]], -1)
+    array([[ 0,  0,  0],
+           [ 4,  0,  0],
+           [ 7,  8,  0],
+           [10, 11, 12]])
+
+    >>> np.tril(np.arange(3*4*5).reshape(3, 4, 5))
+    array([[[ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
+            [ 5,  6,  0,  0,  0],
+            [10, 11, 12,  0,  0],
+            [15, 16, 17, 18,  0]],
+           [[20,  0,  0,  0,  0],
+            [25, 26,  0,  0,  0],
+            [30, 31, 32,  0,  0],
+            [35, 36, 37, 38,  0]],
+           [[40,  0,  0,  0,  0],
+            [45, 46,  0,  0,  0],
+            [50, 51, 52,  0,  0],
+            [55, 56, 57, 58,  0]]])
+
+    """
+    m = asanyarray(m)
+    mask = tri(*m.shape[-2:], k=k, dtype=bool)
+
+    return where(mask, m, zeros(1, m.dtype))
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_trilu_dispatcher)
+def triu(m, k=0):
+    """
+    Upper triangle of an array.
+
+    Return a copy of an array with the elements below the `k`-th diagonal
+    zeroed. For arrays with ``ndim`` exceeding 2, `triu` will apply to the
+    final two axes.
+
+    Please refer to the documentation for `tril` for further details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    tril : lower triangle of an array
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.triu([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9],[10,11,12]], -1)
+    array([[ 1,  2,  3],
+           [ 4,  5,  6],
+           [ 0,  8,  9],
+           [ 0,  0, 12]])
+
+    >>> np.triu(np.arange(3*4*5).reshape(3, 4, 5))
+    array([[[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4],
+            [ 0,  6,  7,  8,  9],
+            [ 0,  0, 12, 13, 14],
+            [ 0,  0,  0, 18, 19]],
+           [[20, 21, 22, 23, 24],
+            [ 0, 26, 27, 28, 29],
+            [ 0,  0, 32, 33, 34],
+            [ 0,  0,  0, 38, 39]],
+           [[40, 41, 42, 43, 44],
+            [ 0, 46, 47, 48, 49],
+            [ 0,  0, 52, 53, 54],
+            [ 0,  0,  0, 58, 59]]])
+
+    """
+    m = asanyarray(m)
+    mask = tri(*m.shape[-2:], k=k-1, dtype=bool)
+
+    return where(mask, zeros(1, m.dtype), m)
+
+
+def _vander_dispatcher(x, N=None, increasing=None):
+    return (x,)
+
+
+# Originally borrowed from John Hunter and matplotlib
+@array_function_dispatch(_vander_dispatcher)
+def vander(x, N=None, increasing=False):
+    """
+    Generate a Vandermonde matrix.
+
+    The columns of the output matrix are powers of the input vector. The
+    order of the powers is determined by the `increasing` boolean argument.
+    Specifically, when `increasing` is False, the `i`-th output column is
+    the input vector raised element-wise to the power of ``N - i - 1``. Such
+    a matrix with a geometric progression in each row is named for Alexandre-
+    Theophile Vandermonde.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        1-D input array.
+    N : int, optional
+        Number of columns in the output.  If `N` is not specified, a square
+        array is returned (``N = len(x)``).
+    increasing : bool, optional
+        Order of the powers of the columns.  If True, the powers increase
+        from left to right, if False (the default) they are reversed.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Vandermonde matrix.  If `increasing` is False, the first column is
+        ``x^(N-1)``, the second ``x^(N-2)`` and so forth. If `increasing` is
+        True, the columns are ``x^0, x^1, ..., x^(N-1)``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polynomial.polynomial.polyvander
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 5])
+    >>> N = 3
+    >>> np.vander(x, N)
+    array([[ 1,  1,  1],
+           [ 4,  2,  1],
+           [ 9,  3,  1],
+           [25,  5,  1]])
+
+    >>> np.column_stack([x**(N-1-i) for i in range(N)])
+    array([[ 1,  1,  1],
+           [ 4,  2,  1],
+           [ 9,  3,  1],
+           [25,  5,  1]])
+
+    >>> x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 5])
+    >>> np.vander(x)
+    array([[  1,   1,   1,   1],
+           [  8,   4,   2,   1],
+           [ 27,   9,   3,   1],
+           [125,  25,   5,   1]])
+    >>> np.vander(x, increasing=True)
+    array([[  1,   1,   1,   1],
+           [  1,   2,   4,   8],
+           [  1,   3,   9,  27],
+           [  1,   5,  25, 125]])
+
+    The determinant of a square Vandermonde matrix is the product
+    of the differences between the values of the input vector:
+
+    >>> np.linalg.det(np.vander(x))
+    48.000000000000043 # may vary
+    >>> (5-3)*(5-2)*(5-1)*(3-2)*(3-1)*(2-1)
+    48
+
+    """
+    x = asarray(x)
+    if x.ndim != 1:
+        raise ValueError("x must be a one-dimensional array or sequence.")
+    if N is None:
+        N = len(x)
+
+    v = empty((len(x), N), dtype=promote_types(x.dtype, int))
+    tmp = v[:, ::-1] if not increasing else v
+
+    if N > 0:
+        tmp[:, 0] = 1
+    if N > 1:
+        tmp[:, 1:] = x[:, None]
+        multiply.accumulate(tmp[:, 1:], out=tmp[:, 1:], axis=1)
+
+    return v
+
+
+def _histogram2d_dispatcher(x, y, bins=None, range=None, density=None,
+                            weights=None):
+    yield x
+    yield y
+
+    # This terrible logic is adapted from the checks in histogram2d
+    try:
+        N = len(bins)
+    except TypeError:
+        N = 1
+    if N == 2:
+        yield from bins  # bins=[x, y]
+    else:
+        yield bins
+
+    yield weights
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_histogram2d_dispatcher)
+def histogram2d(x, y, bins=10, range=None, density=None, weights=None):
+    """
+    Compute the bi-dimensional histogram of two data samples.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, shape (N,)
+        An array containing the x coordinates of the points to be
+        histogrammed.
+    y : array_like, shape (N,)
+        An array containing the y coordinates of the points to be
+        histogrammed.
+    bins : int or array_like or [int, int] or [array, array], optional
+        The bin specification:
+
+          * If int, the number of bins for the two dimensions (nx=ny=bins).
+          * If array_like, the bin edges for the two dimensions
+            (x_edges=y_edges=bins).
+          * If [int, int], the number of bins in each dimension
+            (nx, ny = bins).
+          * If [array, array], the bin edges in each dimension
+            (x_edges, y_edges = bins).
+          * A combination [int, array] or [array, int], where int
+            is the number of bins and array is the bin edges.
+
+    range : array_like, shape(2,2), optional
+        The leftmost and rightmost edges of the bins along each dimension
+        (if not specified explicitly in the `bins` parameters):
+        ``[[xmin, xmax], [ymin, ymax]]``. All values outside of this range
+        will be considered outliers and not tallied in the histogram.
+    density : bool, optional
+        If False, the default, returns the number of samples in each bin.
+        If True, returns the probability *density* function at the bin,
+        ``bin_count / sample_count / bin_area``.
+    weights : array_like, shape(N,), optional
+        An array of values ``w_i`` weighing each sample ``(x_i, y_i)``.
+        Weights are normalized to 1 if `density` is True. If `density` is
+        False, the values of the returned histogram are equal to the sum of
+        the weights belonging to the samples falling into each bin.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    H : ndarray, shape(nx, ny)
+        The bi-dimensional histogram of samples `x` and `y`. Values in `x`
+        are histogrammed along the first dimension and values in `y` are
+        histogrammed along the second dimension.
+    xedges : ndarray, shape(nx+1,)
+        The bin edges along the first dimension.
+    yedges : ndarray, shape(ny+1,)
+        The bin edges along the second dimension.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    histogram : 1D histogram
+    histogramdd : Multidimensional histogram
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    When `density` is True, then the returned histogram is the sample
+    density, defined such that the sum over bins of the product
+    ``bin_value * bin_area`` is 1.
+
+    Please note that the histogram does not follow the Cartesian convention
+    where `x` values are on the abscissa and `y` values on the ordinate
+    axis.  Rather, `x` is histogrammed along the first dimension of the
+    array (vertical), and `y` along the second dimension of the array
+    (horizontal).  This ensures compatibility with `histogramdd`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from matplotlib.image import NonUniformImage
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+    Construct a 2-D histogram with variable bin width. First define the bin
+    edges:
+
+    >>> xedges = [0, 1, 3, 5]
+    >>> yedges = [0, 2, 3, 4, 6]
+
+    Next we create a histogram H with random bin content:
+
+    >>> x = np.random.normal(2, 1, 100)
+    >>> y = np.random.normal(1, 1, 100)
+    >>> H, xedges, yedges = np.histogram2d(x, y, bins=(xedges, yedges))
+    >>> # Histogram does not follow Cartesian convention (see Notes),
+    >>> # therefore transpose H for visualization purposes.
+    >>> H = H.T
+
+    :func:`imshow ` can only display square bins:
+
+    >>> fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 3))
+    >>> ax = fig.add_subplot(131, title='imshow: square bins')
+    >>> plt.imshow(H, interpolation='nearest', origin='lower',
+    ...         extent=[xedges[0], xedges[-1], yedges[0], yedges[-1]])
+    
+
+    :func:`pcolormesh ` can display actual edges:
+
+    >>> ax = fig.add_subplot(132, title='pcolormesh: actual edges',
+    ...         aspect='equal')
+    >>> X, Y = np.meshgrid(xedges, yedges)
+    >>> ax.pcolormesh(X, Y, H)
+    
+
+    :class:`NonUniformImage ` can be used to
+    display actual bin edges with interpolation:
+
+    >>> ax = fig.add_subplot(133, title='NonUniformImage: interpolated',
+    ...         aspect='equal', xlim=xedges[[0, -1]], ylim=yedges[[0, -1]])
+    >>> im = NonUniformImage(ax, interpolation='bilinear')
+    >>> xcenters = (xedges[:-1] + xedges[1:]) / 2
+    >>> ycenters = (yedges[:-1] + yedges[1:]) / 2
+    >>> im.set_data(xcenters, ycenters, H)
+    >>> ax.add_image(im)
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    It is also possible to construct a 2-D histogram without specifying bin
+    edges:
+
+    >>> # Generate non-symmetric test data
+    >>> n = 10000
+    >>> x = np.linspace(1, 100, n)
+    >>> y = 2*np.log(x) + np.random.rand(n) - 0.5
+    >>> # Compute 2d histogram. Note the order of x/y and xedges/yedges
+    >>> H, yedges, xedges = np.histogram2d(y, x, bins=20)
+
+    Now we can plot the histogram using
+    :func:`pcolormesh `, and a
+    :func:`hexbin ` for comparison.
+
+    >>> # Plot histogram using pcolormesh
+    >>> fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(ncols=2, sharey=True)
+    >>> ax1.pcolormesh(xedges, yedges, H, cmap='rainbow')
+    >>> ax1.plot(x, 2*np.log(x), 'k-')
+    >>> ax1.set_xlim(x.min(), x.max())
+    >>> ax1.set_ylim(y.min(), y.max())
+    >>> ax1.set_xlabel('x')
+    >>> ax1.set_ylabel('y')
+    >>> ax1.set_title('histogram2d')
+    >>> ax1.grid()
+
+    >>> # Create hexbin plot for comparison
+    >>> ax2.hexbin(x, y, gridsize=20, cmap='rainbow')
+    >>> ax2.plot(x, 2*np.log(x), 'k-')
+    >>> ax2.set_title('hexbin')
+    >>> ax2.set_xlim(x.min(), x.max())
+    >>> ax2.set_xlabel('x')
+    >>> ax2.grid()
+
+    >>> plt.show()
+    """
+    from numpy import histogramdd
+
+    if len(x) != len(y):
+        raise ValueError('x and y must have the same length.')
+
+    try:
+        N = len(bins)
+    except TypeError:
+        N = 1
+
+    if N != 1 and N != 2:
+        xedges = yedges = asarray(bins)
+        bins = [xedges, yedges]
+    hist, edges = histogramdd([x, y], bins, range, density, weights)
+    return hist, edges[0], edges[1]
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def mask_indices(n, mask_func, k=0):
+    """
+    Return the indices to access (n, n) arrays, given a masking function.
+
+    Assume `mask_func` is a function that, for a square array a of size
+    ``(n, n)`` with a possible offset argument `k`, when called as
+    ``mask_func(a, k)`` returns a new array with zeros in certain locations
+    (functions like `triu` or `tril` do precisely this). Then this function
+    returns the indices where the non-zero values would be located.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    n : int
+        The returned indices will be valid to access arrays of shape (n, n).
+    mask_func : callable
+        A function whose call signature is similar to that of `triu`, `tril`.
+        That is, ``mask_func(x, k)`` returns a boolean array, shaped like `x`.
+        `k` is an optional argument to the function.
+    k : scalar
+        An optional argument which is passed through to `mask_func`. Functions
+        like `triu`, `tril` take a second argument that is interpreted as an
+        offset.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    indices : tuple of arrays.
+        The `n` arrays of indices corresponding to the locations where
+        ``mask_func(np.ones((n, n)), k)`` is True.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    triu, tril, triu_indices, tril_indices
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    These are the indices that would allow you to access the upper triangular
+    part of any 3x3 array:
+
+    >>> iu = np.mask_indices(3, np.triu)
+
+    For example, if `a` is a 3x3 array:
+
+    >>> a = np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3)
+    >>> a
+    array([[0, 1, 2],
+           [3, 4, 5],
+           [6, 7, 8]])
+    >>> a[iu]
+    array([0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 8])
+
+    An offset can be passed also to the masking function.  This gets us the
+    indices starting on the first diagonal right of the main one:
+
+    >>> iu1 = np.mask_indices(3, np.triu, 1)
+
+    with which we now extract only three elements:
+
+    >>> a[iu1]
+    array([1, 2, 5])
+
+    """
+    m = ones((n, n), int)
+    a = mask_func(m, k)
+    return nonzero(a != 0)
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def tril_indices(n, k=0, m=None):
+    """
+    Return the indices for the lower-triangle of an (n, m) array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    n : int
+        The row dimension of the arrays for which the returned
+        indices will be valid.
+    k : int, optional
+        Diagonal offset (see `tril` for details).
+    m : int, optional
+        .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+        The column dimension of the arrays for which the returned
+        arrays will be valid.
+        By default `m` is taken equal to `n`.
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    inds : tuple of arrays
+        The indices for the triangle. The returned tuple contains two arrays,
+        each with the indices along one dimension of the array.
+
+    See also
+    --------
+    triu_indices : similar function, for upper-triangular.
+    mask_indices : generic function accepting an arbitrary mask function.
+    tril, triu
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Compute two different sets of indices to access 4x4 arrays, one for the
+    lower triangular part starting at the main diagonal, and one starting two
+    diagonals further right:
+
+    >>> il1 = np.tril_indices(4)
+    >>> il2 = np.tril_indices(4, 2)
+
+    Here is how they can be used with a sample array:
+
+    >>> a = np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
+    >>> a
+    array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+           [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+           [ 8,  9, 10, 11],
+           [12, 13, 14, 15]])
+
+    Both for indexing:
+
+    >>> a[il1]
+    array([ 0,  4,  5, ..., 13, 14, 15])
+
+    And for assigning values:
+
+    >>> a[il1] = -1
+    >>> a
+    array([[-1,  1,  2,  3],
+           [-1, -1,  6,  7],
+           [-1, -1, -1, 11],
+           [-1, -1, -1, -1]])
+
+    These cover almost the whole array (two diagonals right of the main one):
+
+    >>> a[il2] = -10
+    >>> a
+    array([[-10, -10, -10,   3],
+           [-10, -10, -10, -10],
+           [-10, -10, -10, -10],
+           [-10, -10, -10, -10]])
+
+    """
+    tri_ = tri(n, m, k=k, dtype=bool)
+
+    return tuple(broadcast_to(inds, tri_.shape)[tri_]
+                 for inds in indices(tri_.shape, sparse=True))
+
+
+def _trilu_indices_form_dispatcher(arr, k=None):
+    return (arr,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_trilu_indices_form_dispatcher)
+def tril_indices_from(arr, k=0):
+    """
+    Return the indices for the lower-triangle of arr.
+
+    See `tril_indices` for full details.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : array_like
+        The indices will be valid for square arrays whose dimensions are
+        the same as arr.
+    k : int, optional
+        Diagonal offset (see `tril` for details).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    Create a 4 by 4 array.
+
+    >>> a = np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
+    >>> a
+    array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+           [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+           [ 8,  9, 10, 11],
+           [12, 13, 14, 15]])
+
+    Pass the array to get the indices of the lower triangular elements.
+
+    >>> trili = np.tril_indices_from(a)
+    >>> trili
+    (array([0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3]), array([0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 3]))
+
+    >>> a[trili]
+    array([ 0,  4,  5,  8,  9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15])
+
+    This is syntactic sugar for tril_indices().
+
+    >>> np.tril_indices(a.shape[0])
+    (array([0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3]), array([0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 3]))
+
+    Use the `k` parameter to return the indices for the lower triangular array
+    up to the k-th diagonal.
+
+    >>> trili1 = np.tril_indices_from(a, k=1)
+    >>> a[trili1]
+    array([ 0,  1,  4,  5,  6,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15])
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    tril_indices, tril, triu_indices_from
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    """
+    if arr.ndim != 2:
+        raise ValueError("input array must be 2-d")
+    return tril_indices(arr.shape[-2], k=k, m=arr.shape[-1])
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def triu_indices(n, k=0, m=None):
+    """
+    Return the indices for the upper-triangle of an (n, m) array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    n : int
+        The size of the arrays for which the returned indices will
+        be valid.
+    k : int, optional
+        Diagonal offset (see `triu` for details).
+    m : int, optional
+        .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+        The column dimension of the arrays for which the returned
+        arrays will be valid.
+        By default `m` is taken equal to `n`.
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    inds : tuple, shape(2) of ndarrays, shape(`n`)
+        The indices for the triangle. The returned tuple contains two arrays,
+        each with the indices along one dimension of the array.  Can be used
+        to slice a ndarray of shape(`n`, `n`).
+
+    See also
+    --------
+    tril_indices : similar function, for lower-triangular.
+    mask_indices : generic function accepting an arbitrary mask function.
+    triu, tril
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Compute two different sets of indices to access 4x4 arrays, one for the
+    upper triangular part starting at the main diagonal, and one starting two
+    diagonals further right:
+
+    >>> iu1 = np.triu_indices(4)
+    >>> iu2 = np.triu_indices(4, 2)
+
+    Here is how they can be used with a sample array:
+
+    >>> a = np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
+    >>> a
+    array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+           [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+           [ 8,  9, 10, 11],
+           [12, 13, 14, 15]])
+
+    Both for indexing:
+
+    >>> a[iu1]
+    array([ 0,  1,  2, ..., 10, 11, 15])
+
+    And for assigning values:
+
+    >>> a[iu1] = -1
+    >>> a
+    array([[-1, -1, -1, -1],
+           [ 4, -1, -1, -1],
+           [ 8,  9, -1, -1],
+           [12, 13, 14, -1]])
+
+    These cover only a small part of the whole array (two diagonals right
+    of the main one):
+
+    >>> a[iu2] = -10
+    >>> a
+    array([[ -1,  -1, -10, -10],
+           [  4,  -1,  -1, -10],
+           [  8,   9,  -1,  -1],
+           [ 12,  13,  14,  -1]])
+
+    """
+    tri_ = ~tri(n, m, k=k - 1, dtype=bool)
+
+    return tuple(broadcast_to(inds, tri_.shape)[tri_]
+                 for inds in indices(tri_.shape, sparse=True))
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_trilu_indices_form_dispatcher)
+def triu_indices_from(arr, k=0):
+    """
+    Return the indices for the upper-triangle of arr.
+
+    See `triu_indices` for full details.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : ndarray, shape(N, N)
+        The indices will be valid for square arrays.
+    k : int, optional
+        Diagonal offset (see `triu` for details).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    triu_indices_from : tuple, shape(2) of ndarray, shape(N)
+        Indices for the upper-triangle of `arr`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    Create a 4 by 4 array.
+
+    >>> a = np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
+    >>> a
+    array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+           [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+           [ 8,  9, 10, 11],
+           [12, 13, 14, 15]])
+
+    Pass the array to get the indices of the upper triangular elements.
+
+    >>> triui = np.triu_indices_from(a)
+    >>> triui
+    (array([0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3]), array([0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3]))
+
+    >>> a[triui]
+    array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  5,  6,  7, 10, 11, 15])
+
+    This is syntactic sugar for triu_indices().
+
+    >>> np.triu_indices(a.shape[0])
+    (array([0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3]), array([0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3]))
+
+    Use the `k` parameter to return the indices for the upper triangular array
+    from the k-th diagonal.
+
+    >>> triuim1 = np.triu_indices_from(a, k=1)
+    >>> a[triuim1]
+    array([ 1,  2,  3,  6,  7, 11])
+
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    triu_indices, triu, tril_indices_from
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    """
+    if arr.ndim != 2:
+        raise ValueError("input array must be 2-d")
+    return triu_indices(arr.shape[-2], k=k, m=arr.shape[-1])
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/twodim_base.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/twodim_base.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b3b94bd5cba589f3d16c7e9a66ab261f0bd97cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/twodim_base.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    overload,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from numpy import (
+    generic,
+    number,
+    bool_,
+    timedelta64,
+    datetime64,
+    int_,
+    intp,
+    float64,
+    signedinteger,
+    floating,
+    complexfloating,
+    object_,
+    _OrderCF,
+)
+
+from numpy._typing import (
+    DTypeLike,
+    _DTypeLike,
+    ArrayLike,
+    _ArrayLike,
+    NDArray,
+    _SupportsArrayFunc,
+    _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_SCT = TypeVar("_SCT", bound=generic)
+
+# The returned arrays dtype must be compatible with `np.equal`
+_MaskFunc = Callable[
+    [NDArray[int_], _T],
+    NDArray[Union[number[Any], bool_, timedelta64, datetime64, object_]],
+]
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+@overload
+def fliplr(m: _ArrayLike[_SCT]) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def fliplr(m: ArrayLike) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def flipud(m: _ArrayLike[_SCT]) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def flipud(m: ArrayLike) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def eye(
+    N: int,
+    M: None | int = ...,
+    k: int = ...,
+    dtype: None = ...,
+    order: _OrderCF = ...,
+    *,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def eye(
+    N: int,
+    M: None | int = ...,
+    k: int = ...,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_SCT] = ...,
+    order: _OrderCF = ...,
+    *,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def eye(
+    N: int,
+    M: None | int = ...,
+    k: int = ...,
+    dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
+    order: _OrderCF = ...,
+    *,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def diag(v: _ArrayLike[_SCT], k: int = ...) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def diag(v: ArrayLike, k: int = ...) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def diagflat(v: _ArrayLike[_SCT], k: int = ...) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def diagflat(v: ArrayLike, k: int = ...) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def tri(
+    N: int,
+    M: None | int = ...,
+    k: int = ...,
+    dtype: None = ...,
+    *,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def tri(
+    N: int,
+    M: None | int = ...,
+    k: int = ...,
+    dtype: _DTypeLike[_SCT] = ...,
+    *,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def tri(
+    N: int,
+    M: None | int = ...,
+    k: int = ...,
+    dtype: DTypeLike = ...,
+    *,
+    like: None | _SupportsArrayFunc = ...
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def tril(v: _ArrayLike[_SCT], k: int = ...) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def tril(v: ArrayLike, k: int = ...) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def triu(v: _ArrayLike[_SCT], k: int = ...) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def triu(v: ArrayLike, k: int = ...) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def vander(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    x: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    N: None | int = ...,
+    increasing: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[signedinteger[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def vander(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    N: None | int = ...,
+    increasing: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def vander(
+    x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    N: None | int = ...,
+    increasing: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def vander(
+    x: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    N: None | int = ...,
+    increasing: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+
+@overload
+def histogram2d(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    y: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    bins: int | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    range: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    density: None | bool = ...,
+    weights: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+) -> tuple[
+    NDArray[float64],
+    NDArray[floating[Any]],
+    NDArray[floating[Any]],
+]: ...
+@overload
+def histogram2d(
+    x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    y: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    bins: int | Sequence[int] = ...,
+    range: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    density: None | bool = ...,
+    weights: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+) -> tuple[
+    NDArray[float64],
+    NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]],
+    NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]],
+]: ...
+@overload  # TODO: Sort out `bins`
+def histogram2d(
+    x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    y: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    bins: Sequence[_ArrayLikeInt_co],
+    range: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    density: None | bool = ...,
+    weights: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+) -> tuple[
+    NDArray[float64],
+    NDArray[Any],
+    NDArray[Any],
+]: ...
+
+# NOTE: we're assuming/demanding here the `mask_func` returns
+# an ndarray of shape `(n, n)`; otherwise there is the possibility
+# of the output tuple having more or less than 2 elements
+@overload
+def mask_indices(
+    n: int,
+    mask_func: _MaskFunc[int],
+    k: int = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+@overload
+def mask_indices(
+    n: int,
+    mask_func: _MaskFunc[_T],
+    k: _T,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[intp], NDArray[intp]]: ...
+
+def tril_indices(
+    n: int,
+    k: int = ...,
+    m: None | int = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[int_], NDArray[int_]]: ...
+
+def tril_indices_from(
+    arr: NDArray[Any],
+    k: int = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[int_], NDArray[int_]]: ...
+
+def triu_indices(
+    n: int,
+    k: int = ...,
+    m: None | int = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[int_], NDArray[int_]]: ...
+
+def triu_indices_from(
+    arr: NDArray[Any],
+    k: int = ...,
+) -> tuple[NDArray[int_], NDArray[int_]]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/type_check.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/type_check.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3f84b80e5860c5bbd9e73790f8a5d21715ab9b6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/type_check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,735 @@
+"""Automatically adapted for numpy Sep 19, 2005 by convertcode.py
+
+"""
+import functools
+
+__all__ = ['iscomplexobj', 'isrealobj', 'imag', 'iscomplex',
+           'isreal', 'nan_to_num', 'real', 'real_if_close',
+           'typename', 'asfarray', 'mintypecode',
+           'common_type']
+
+from .._utils import set_module
+import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
+from numpy.core.numeric import asarray, asanyarray, isnan, zeros
+from numpy.core import overrides, getlimits
+from .ufunclike import isneginf, isposinf
+
+
+array_function_dispatch = functools.partial(
+    overrides.array_function_dispatch, module='numpy')
+
+
+_typecodes_by_elsize = 'GDFgdfQqLlIiHhBb?'
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def mintypecode(typechars, typeset='GDFgdf', default='d'):
+    """
+    Return the character for the minimum-size type to which given types can
+    be safely cast.
+
+    The returned type character must represent the smallest size dtype such
+    that an array of the returned type can handle the data from an array of
+    all types in `typechars` (or if `typechars` is an array, then its
+    dtype.char).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    typechars : list of str or array_like
+        If a list of strings, each string should represent a dtype.
+        If array_like, the character representation of the array dtype is used.
+    typeset : str or list of str, optional
+        The set of characters that the returned character is chosen from.
+        The default set is 'GDFgdf'.
+    default : str, optional
+        The default character, this is returned if none of the characters in
+        `typechars` matches a character in `typeset`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    typechar : str
+        The character representing the minimum-size type that was found.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    dtype, sctype2char, maximum_sctype
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.mintypecode(['d', 'f', 'S'])
+    'd'
+    >>> x = np.array([1.1, 2-3.j])
+    >>> np.mintypecode(x)
+    'D'
+
+    >>> np.mintypecode('abceh', default='G')
+    'G'
+
+    """
+    typecodes = ((isinstance(t, str) and t) or asarray(t).dtype.char
+                 for t in typechars)
+    intersection = set(t for t in typecodes if t in typeset)
+    if not intersection:
+        return default
+    if 'F' in intersection and 'd' in intersection:
+        return 'D'
+    return min(intersection, key=_typecodes_by_elsize.index)
+
+
+def _asfarray_dispatcher(a, dtype=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_asfarray_dispatcher)
+def asfarray(a, dtype=_nx.float_):
+    """
+    Return an array converted to a float type.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        The input array.
+    dtype : str or dtype object, optional
+        Float type code to coerce input array `a`.  If `dtype` is one of the
+        'int' dtypes, it is replaced with float64.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        The input `a` as a float ndarray.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.asfarray([2, 3])
+    array([2.,  3.])
+    >>> np.asfarray([2, 3], dtype='float')
+    array([2.,  3.])
+    >>> np.asfarray([2, 3], dtype='int8')
+    array([2.,  3.])
+
+    """
+    if not _nx.issubdtype(dtype, _nx.inexact):
+        dtype = _nx.float_
+    return asarray(a, dtype=dtype)
+
+
+def _real_dispatcher(val):
+    return (val,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_real_dispatcher)
+def real(val):
+    """
+    Return the real part of the complex argument.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    val : array_like
+        Input array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or scalar
+        The real component of the complex argument. If `val` is real, the type
+        of `val` is used for the output.  If `val` has complex elements, the
+        returned type is float.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    real_if_close, imag, angle
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([1+2j, 3+4j, 5+6j])
+    >>> a.real
+    array([1.,  3.,  5.])
+    >>> a.real = 9
+    >>> a
+    array([9.+2.j,  9.+4.j,  9.+6.j])
+    >>> a.real = np.array([9, 8, 7])
+    >>> a
+    array([9.+2.j,  8.+4.j,  7.+6.j])
+    >>> np.real(1 + 1j)
+    1.0
+
+    """
+    try:
+        return val.real
+    except AttributeError:
+        return asanyarray(val).real
+
+
+def _imag_dispatcher(val):
+    return (val,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_imag_dispatcher)
+def imag(val):
+    """
+    Return the imaginary part of the complex argument.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    val : array_like
+        Input array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or scalar
+        The imaginary component of the complex argument. If `val` is real,
+        the type of `val` is used for the output.  If `val` has complex
+        elements, the returned type is float.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    real, angle, real_if_close
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([1+2j, 3+4j, 5+6j])
+    >>> a.imag
+    array([2.,  4.,  6.])
+    >>> a.imag = np.array([8, 10, 12])
+    >>> a
+    array([1. +8.j,  3.+10.j,  5.+12.j])
+    >>> np.imag(1 + 1j)
+    1.0
+
+    """
+    try:
+        return val.imag
+    except AttributeError:
+        return asanyarray(val).imag
+
+
+def _is_type_dispatcher(x):
+    return (x,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_is_type_dispatcher)
+def iscomplex(x):
+    """
+    Returns a bool array, where True if input element is complex.
+
+    What is tested is whether the input has a non-zero imaginary part, not if
+    the input type is complex.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray of bools
+        Output array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    isreal
+    iscomplexobj : Return True if x is a complex type or an array of complex
+                   numbers.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.iscomplex([1+1j, 1+0j, 4.5, 3, 2, 2j])
+    array([ True, False, False, False, False,  True])
+
+    """
+    ax = asanyarray(x)
+    if issubclass(ax.dtype.type, _nx.complexfloating):
+        return ax.imag != 0
+    res = zeros(ax.shape, bool)
+    return res[()]   # convert to scalar if needed
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_is_type_dispatcher)
+def isreal(x):
+    """
+    Returns a bool array, where True if input element is real.
+
+    If element has complex type with zero complex part, the return value
+    for that element is True.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray, bool
+        Boolean array of same shape as `x`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    `isreal` may behave unexpectedly for string or object arrays (see examples)
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    iscomplex
+    isrealobj : Return True if x is not a complex type.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([1+1j, 1+0j, 4.5, 3, 2, 2j], dtype=complex)
+    >>> np.isreal(a)
+    array([False,  True,  True,  True,  True, False])
+
+    The function does not work on string arrays.
+
+    >>> a = np.array([2j, "a"], dtype="U")
+    >>> np.isreal(a)  # Warns about non-elementwise comparison
+    False
+
+    Returns True for all elements in input array of ``dtype=object`` even if
+    any of the elements is complex.
+
+    >>> a = np.array([1, "2", 3+4j], dtype=object)
+    >>> np.isreal(a)
+    array([ True,  True,  True])
+
+    isreal should not be used with object arrays
+
+    >>> a = np.array([1+2j, 2+1j], dtype=object)
+    >>> np.isreal(a)
+    array([ True,  True])
+
+    """
+    return imag(x) == 0
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_is_type_dispatcher)
+def iscomplexobj(x):
+    """
+    Check for a complex type or an array of complex numbers.
+
+    The type of the input is checked, not the value. Even if the input
+    has an imaginary part equal to zero, `iscomplexobj` evaluates to True.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : any
+        The input can be of any type and shape.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    iscomplexobj : bool
+        The return value, True if `x` is of a complex type or has at least
+        one complex element.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    isrealobj, iscomplex
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.iscomplexobj(1)
+    False
+    >>> np.iscomplexobj(1+0j)
+    True
+    >>> np.iscomplexobj([3, 1+0j, True])
+    True
+
+    """
+    try:
+        dtype = x.dtype
+        type_ = dtype.type
+    except AttributeError:
+        type_ = asarray(x).dtype.type
+    return issubclass(type_, _nx.complexfloating)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_is_type_dispatcher)
+def isrealobj(x):
+    """
+    Return True if x is a not complex type or an array of complex numbers.
+
+    The type of the input is checked, not the value. So even if the input
+    has an imaginary part equal to zero, `isrealobj` evaluates to False
+    if the data type is complex.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : any
+        The input can be of any type and shape.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : bool
+        The return value, False if `x` is of a complex type.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    iscomplexobj, isreal
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The function is only meant for arrays with numerical values but it
+    accepts all other objects. Since it assumes array input, the return
+    value of other objects may be True.
+
+    >>> np.isrealobj('A string')
+    True
+    >>> np.isrealobj(False)
+    True
+    >>> np.isrealobj(None)
+    True
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.isrealobj(1)
+    True
+    >>> np.isrealobj(1+0j)
+    False
+    >>> np.isrealobj([3, 1+0j, True])
+    False
+
+    """
+    return not iscomplexobj(x)
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _getmaxmin(t):
+    from numpy.core import getlimits
+    f = getlimits.finfo(t)
+    return f.max, f.min
+
+
+def _nan_to_num_dispatcher(x, copy=None, nan=None, posinf=None, neginf=None):
+    return (x,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_nan_to_num_dispatcher)
+def nan_to_num(x, copy=True, nan=0.0, posinf=None, neginf=None):
+    """
+    Replace NaN with zero and infinity with large finite numbers (default
+    behaviour) or with the numbers defined by the user using the `nan`,
+    `posinf` and/or `neginf` keywords.
+
+    If `x` is inexact, NaN is replaced by zero or by the user defined value in
+    `nan` keyword, infinity is replaced by the largest finite floating point
+    values representable by ``x.dtype`` or by the user defined value in
+    `posinf` keyword and -infinity is replaced by the most negative finite
+    floating point values representable by ``x.dtype`` or by the user defined
+    value in `neginf` keyword.
+
+    For complex dtypes, the above is applied to each of the real and
+    imaginary components of `x` separately.
+
+    If `x` is not inexact, then no replacements are made.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : scalar or array_like
+        Input data.
+    copy : bool, optional
+        Whether to create a copy of `x` (True) or to replace values
+        in-place (False). The in-place operation only occurs if
+        casting to an array does not require a copy.
+        Default is True.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.13
+    nan : int, float, optional
+        Value to be used to fill NaN values. If no value is passed
+        then NaN values will be replaced with 0.0.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.17
+    posinf : int, float, optional
+        Value to be used to fill positive infinity values. If no value is
+        passed then positive infinity values will be replaced with a very
+        large number.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.17
+    neginf : int, float, optional
+        Value to be used to fill negative infinity values. If no value is
+        passed then negative infinity values will be replaced with a very
+        small (or negative) number.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.17
+
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        `x`, with the non-finite values replaced. If `copy` is False, this may
+        be `x` itself.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    isinf : Shows which elements are positive or negative infinity.
+    isneginf : Shows which elements are negative infinity.
+    isposinf : Shows which elements are positive infinity.
+    isnan : Shows which elements are Not a Number (NaN).
+    isfinite : Shows which elements are finite (not NaN, not infinity)
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    NumPy uses the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point for Arithmetic
+    (IEEE 754). This means that Not a Number is not equivalent to infinity.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.nan_to_num(np.inf)
+    1.7976931348623157e+308
+    >>> np.nan_to_num(-np.inf)
+    -1.7976931348623157e+308
+    >>> np.nan_to_num(np.nan)
+    0.0
+    >>> x = np.array([np.inf, -np.inf, np.nan, -128, 128])
+    >>> np.nan_to_num(x)
+    array([ 1.79769313e+308, -1.79769313e+308,  0.00000000e+000, # may vary
+           -1.28000000e+002,  1.28000000e+002])
+    >>> np.nan_to_num(x, nan=-9999, posinf=33333333, neginf=33333333)
+    array([ 3.3333333e+07,  3.3333333e+07, -9.9990000e+03,
+           -1.2800000e+02,  1.2800000e+02])
+    >>> y = np.array([complex(np.inf, np.nan), np.nan, complex(np.nan, np.inf)])
+    array([  1.79769313e+308,  -1.79769313e+308,   0.00000000e+000, # may vary
+         -1.28000000e+002,   1.28000000e+002])
+    >>> np.nan_to_num(y)
+    array([  1.79769313e+308 +0.00000000e+000j, # may vary
+             0.00000000e+000 +0.00000000e+000j,
+             0.00000000e+000 +1.79769313e+308j])
+    >>> np.nan_to_num(y, nan=111111, posinf=222222)
+    array([222222.+111111.j, 111111.     +0.j, 111111.+222222.j])
+    """
+    x = _nx.array(x, subok=True, copy=copy)
+    xtype = x.dtype.type
+
+    isscalar = (x.ndim == 0)
+
+    if not issubclass(xtype, _nx.inexact):
+        return x[()] if isscalar else x
+
+    iscomplex = issubclass(xtype, _nx.complexfloating)
+
+    dest = (x.real, x.imag) if iscomplex else (x,)
+    maxf, minf = _getmaxmin(x.real.dtype)
+    if posinf is not None:
+        maxf = posinf
+    if neginf is not None:
+        minf = neginf
+    for d in dest:
+        idx_nan = isnan(d)
+        idx_posinf = isposinf(d)
+        idx_neginf = isneginf(d)
+        _nx.copyto(d, nan, where=idx_nan)
+        _nx.copyto(d, maxf, where=idx_posinf)
+        _nx.copyto(d, minf, where=idx_neginf)
+    return x[()] if isscalar else x
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _real_if_close_dispatcher(a, tol=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_real_if_close_dispatcher)
+def real_if_close(a, tol=100):
+    """
+    If input is complex with all imaginary parts close to zero, return
+    real parts.
+
+    "Close to zero" is defined as `tol` * (machine epsilon of the type for
+    `a`).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array.
+    tol : float
+        Tolerance in machine epsilons for the complex part of the elements
+        in the array. If the tolerance is <=1, then the absolute tolerance
+        is used.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        If `a` is real, the type of `a` is used for the output.  If `a`
+        has complex elements, the returned type is float.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    real, imag, angle
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Machine epsilon varies from machine to machine and between data types
+    but Python floats on most platforms have a machine epsilon equal to
+    2.2204460492503131e-16.  You can use 'np.finfo(float).eps' to print
+    out the machine epsilon for floats.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.finfo(float).eps
+    2.2204460492503131e-16 # may vary
+
+    >>> np.real_if_close([2.1 + 4e-14j, 5.2 + 3e-15j], tol=1000)
+    array([2.1, 5.2])
+    >>> np.real_if_close([2.1 + 4e-13j, 5.2 + 3e-15j], tol=1000)
+    array([2.1+4.e-13j, 5.2 + 3e-15j])
+
+    """
+    a = asanyarray(a)
+    type_ = a.dtype.type
+    if not issubclass(type_, _nx.complexfloating):
+        return a
+    if tol > 1:
+        f = getlimits.finfo(type_)
+        tol = f.eps * tol
+    if _nx.all(_nx.absolute(a.imag) < tol):
+        a = a.real
+    return a
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_namefromtype = {'S1': 'character',
+                 '?': 'bool',
+                 'b': 'signed char',
+                 'B': 'unsigned char',
+                 'h': 'short',
+                 'H': 'unsigned short',
+                 'i': 'integer',
+                 'I': 'unsigned integer',
+                 'l': 'long integer',
+                 'L': 'unsigned long integer',
+                 'q': 'long long integer',
+                 'Q': 'unsigned long long integer',
+                 'f': 'single precision',
+                 'd': 'double precision',
+                 'g': 'long precision',
+                 'F': 'complex single precision',
+                 'D': 'complex double precision',
+                 'G': 'complex long double precision',
+                 'S': 'string',
+                 'U': 'unicode',
+                 'V': 'void',
+                 'O': 'object'
+                 }
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def typename(char):
+    """
+    Return a description for the given data type code.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    char : str
+        Data type code.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : str
+        Description of the input data type code.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    dtype, typecodes
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> typechars = ['S1', '?', 'B', 'D', 'G', 'F', 'I', 'H', 'L', 'O', 'Q',
+    ...              'S', 'U', 'V', 'b', 'd', 'g', 'f', 'i', 'h', 'l', 'q']
+    >>> for typechar in typechars:
+    ...     print(typechar, ' : ', np.typename(typechar))
+    ...
+    S1  :  character
+    ?  :  bool
+    B  :  unsigned char
+    D  :  complex double precision
+    G  :  complex long double precision
+    F  :  complex single precision
+    I  :  unsigned integer
+    H  :  unsigned short
+    L  :  unsigned long integer
+    O  :  object
+    Q  :  unsigned long long integer
+    S  :  string
+    U  :  unicode
+    V  :  void
+    b  :  signed char
+    d  :  double precision
+    g  :  long precision
+    f  :  single precision
+    i  :  integer
+    h  :  short
+    l  :  long integer
+    q  :  long long integer
+
+    """
+    return _namefromtype[char]
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#determine the "minimum common type" for a group of arrays.
+array_type = [[_nx.half, _nx.single, _nx.double, _nx.longdouble],
+              [None, _nx.csingle, _nx.cdouble, _nx.clongdouble]]
+array_precision = {_nx.half: 0,
+                   _nx.single: 1,
+                   _nx.double: 2,
+                   _nx.longdouble: 3,
+                   _nx.csingle: 1,
+                   _nx.cdouble: 2,
+                   _nx.clongdouble: 3}
+
+
+def _common_type_dispatcher(*arrays):
+    return arrays
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_common_type_dispatcher)
+def common_type(*arrays):
+    """
+    Return a scalar type which is common to the input arrays.
+
+    The return type will always be an inexact (i.e. floating point) scalar
+    type, even if all the arrays are integer arrays. If one of the inputs is
+    an integer array, the minimum precision type that is returned is a
+    64-bit floating point dtype.
+
+    All input arrays except int64 and uint64 can be safely cast to the
+    returned dtype without loss of information.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    array1, array2, ... : ndarrays
+        Input arrays.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : data type code
+        Data type code.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    dtype, mintypecode
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.common_type(np.arange(2, dtype=np.float32))
+    
+    >>> np.common_type(np.arange(2, dtype=np.float32), np.arange(2))
+    
+    >>> np.common_type(np.arange(4), np.array([45, 6.j]), np.array([45.0]))
+    
+
+    """
+    is_complex = False
+    precision = 0
+    for a in arrays:
+        t = a.dtype.type
+        if iscomplexobj(a):
+            is_complex = True
+        if issubclass(t, _nx.integer):
+            p = 2  # array_precision[_nx.double]
+        else:
+            p = array_precision.get(t, None)
+            if p is None:
+                raise TypeError("can't get common type for non-numeric array")
+        precision = max(precision, p)
+    if is_complex:
+        return array_type[1][precision]
+    else:
+        return array_type[0][precision]
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/type_check.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/type_check.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b04da21d44b6bad5cb50ea8abaa091b5a753da11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/type_check.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+from collections.abc import Container, Iterable
+from typing import (
+    Literal as L,
+    Any,
+    overload,
+    TypeVar,
+    Protocol,
+)
+
+from numpy import (
+    dtype,
+    generic,
+    bool_,
+    floating,
+    float64,
+    complexfloating,
+    integer,
+)
+
+from numpy._typing import (
+    ArrayLike,
+    DTypeLike,
+    NBitBase,
+    NDArray,
+    _64Bit,
+    _SupportsDType,
+    _ScalarLike_co,
+    _ArrayLike,
+    _DTypeLikeComplex,
+)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
+_SCT = TypeVar("_SCT", bound=generic)
+_NBit1 = TypeVar("_NBit1", bound=NBitBase)
+_NBit2 = TypeVar("_NBit2", bound=NBitBase)
+
+class _SupportsReal(Protocol[_T_co]):
+    @property
+    def real(self) -> _T_co: ...
+
+class _SupportsImag(Protocol[_T_co]):
+    @property
+    def imag(self) -> _T_co: ...
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+def mintypecode(
+    typechars: Iterable[str | ArrayLike],
+    typeset: Container[str] = ...,
+    default: str = ...,
+) -> str: ...
+
+# `asfarray` ignores dtypes if they're not inexact
+
+@overload
+def asfarray(
+    a: object,
+    dtype: None | type[float] = ...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def asfarray(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    a: Any,
+    dtype: _DTypeLikeComplex,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def asfarray(
+    a: Any,
+    dtype: DTypeLike,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def real(val: _SupportsReal[_T]) -> _T: ...
+@overload
+def real(val: ArrayLike) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def imag(val: _SupportsImag[_T]) -> _T: ...
+@overload
+def imag(val: ArrayLike) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def iscomplex(x: _ScalarLike_co) -> bool_: ...  # type: ignore[misc]
+@overload
+def iscomplex(x: ArrayLike) -> NDArray[bool_]: ...
+
+@overload
+def isreal(x: _ScalarLike_co) -> bool_: ...  # type: ignore[misc]
+@overload
+def isreal(x: ArrayLike) -> NDArray[bool_]: ...
+
+def iscomplexobj(x: _SupportsDType[dtype[Any]] | ArrayLike) -> bool: ...
+
+def isrealobj(x: _SupportsDType[dtype[Any]] | ArrayLike) -> bool: ...
+
+@overload
+def nan_to_num(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    x: _SCT,
+    copy: bool = ...,
+    nan: float = ...,
+    posinf: None | float = ...,
+    neginf: None | float = ...,
+) -> _SCT: ...
+@overload
+def nan_to_num(
+    x: _ScalarLike_co,
+    copy: bool = ...,
+    nan: float = ...,
+    posinf: None | float = ...,
+    neginf: None | float = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload
+def nan_to_num(
+    x: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    copy: bool = ...,
+    nan: float = ...,
+    posinf: None | float = ...,
+    neginf: None | float = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def nan_to_num(
+    x: ArrayLike,
+    copy: bool = ...,
+    nan: float = ...,
+    posinf: None | float = ...,
+    neginf: None | float = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+# If one passes a complex array to `real_if_close`, then one is reasonably
+# expected to verify the output dtype (so we can return an unsafe union here)
+
+@overload
+def real_if_close(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    a: _ArrayLike[complexfloating[_NBit1, _NBit1]],
+    tol: float = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[_NBit1]] | NDArray[complexfloating[_NBit1, _NBit1]]: ...
+@overload
+def real_if_close(
+    a: _ArrayLike[_SCT],
+    tol: float = ...,
+) -> NDArray[_SCT]: ...
+@overload
+def real_if_close(
+    a: ArrayLike,
+    tol: float = ...,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['S1']) -> L['character']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['?']) -> L['bool']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['b']) -> L['signed char']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['B']) -> L['unsigned char']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['h']) -> L['short']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['H']) -> L['unsigned short']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['i']) -> L['integer']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['I']) -> L['unsigned integer']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['l']) -> L['long integer']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['L']) -> L['unsigned long integer']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['q']) -> L['long long integer']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['Q']) -> L['unsigned long long integer']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['f']) -> L['single precision']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['d']) -> L['double precision']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['g']) -> L['long precision']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['F']) -> L['complex single precision']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['D']) -> L['complex double precision']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['G']) -> L['complex long double precision']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['S']) -> L['string']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['U']) -> L['unicode']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['V']) -> L['void']: ...
+@overload
+def typename(char: L['O']) -> L['object']: ...
+
+@overload
+def common_type(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    *arrays: _SupportsDType[dtype[
+        integer[Any]
+    ]]
+) -> type[floating[_64Bit]]: ...
+@overload
+def common_type(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    *arrays: _SupportsDType[dtype[
+        floating[_NBit1]
+    ]]
+) -> type[floating[_NBit1]]: ...
+@overload
+def common_type(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    *arrays: _SupportsDType[dtype[
+        integer[Any] | floating[_NBit1]
+    ]]
+) -> type[floating[_NBit1 | _64Bit]]: ...
+@overload
+def common_type(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    *arrays: _SupportsDType[dtype[
+        floating[_NBit1] | complexfloating[_NBit2, _NBit2]
+    ]]
+) -> type[complexfloating[_NBit1 | _NBit2, _NBit1 | _NBit2]]: ...
+@overload
+def common_type(
+    *arrays: _SupportsDType[dtype[
+        integer[Any] | floating[_NBit1] | complexfloating[_NBit2, _NBit2]
+    ]]
+) -> type[complexfloating[_64Bit | _NBit1 | _NBit2, _64Bit | _NBit1 | _NBit2]]: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/ufunclike.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/ufunclike.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05fe60c5b105cd92d1ab1932522a61e0b7bc9d1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/ufunclike.py
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+"""
+Module of functions that are like ufuncs in acting on arrays and optionally
+storing results in an output array.
+
+"""
+__all__ = ['fix', 'isneginf', 'isposinf']
+
+import numpy.core.numeric as nx
+from numpy.core.overrides import array_function_dispatch
+import warnings
+import functools
+
+
+def _dispatcher(x, out=None):
+    return (x, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_dispatcher, verify=False, module='numpy')
+def fix(x, out=None):
+    """
+    Round to nearest integer towards zero.
+
+    Round an array of floats element-wise to nearest integer towards zero.
+    The rounded values are returned as floats.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        An array of floats to be rounded
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        A location into which the result is stored. If provided, it must have
+        a shape that the input broadcasts to. If not provided or None, a
+        freshly-allocated array is returned.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray of floats
+        A float array with the same dimensions as the input.
+        If second argument is not supplied then a float array is returned
+        with the rounded values.
+
+        If a second argument is supplied the result is stored there.
+        The return value `out` is then a reference to that array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    rint, trunc, floor, ceil
+    around : Round to given number of decimals
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.fix(3.14)
+    3.0
+    >>> np.fix(3)
+    3.0
+    >>> np.fix([2.1, 2.9, -2.1, -2.9])
+    array([ 2.,  2., -2., -2.])
+
+    """
+    # promote back to an array if flattened
+    res = nx.asanyarray(nx.ceil(x, out=out))
+    res = nx.floor(x, out=res, where=nx.greater_equal(x, 0))
+
+    # when no out argument is passed and no subclasses are involved, flatten
+    # scalars
+    if out is None and type(res) is nx.ndarray:
+        res = res[()]
+    return res
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_dispatcher, verify=False, module='numpy')
+def isposinf(x, out=None):
+    """
+    Test element-wise for positive infinity, return result as bool array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        The input array.
+    out : array_like, optional
+        A location into which the result is stored. If provided, it must have a
+        shape that the input broadcasts to. If not provided or None, a
+        freshly-allocated boolean array is returned.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        A boolean array with the same dimensions as the input.
+        If second argument is not supplied then a boolean array is returned
+        with values True where the corresponding element of the input is
+        positive infinity and values False where the element of the input is
+        not positive infinity.
+
+        If a second argument is supplied the result is stored there. If the
+        type of that array is a numeric type the result is represented as zeros
+        and ones, if the type is boolean then as False and True.
+        The return value `out` is then a reference to that array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    isinf, isneginf, isfinite, isnan
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    NumPy uses the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point for Arithmetic
+    (IEEE 754).
+
+    Errors result if the second argument is also supplied when x is a scalar
+    input, if first and second arguments have different shapes, or if the
+    first argument has complex values
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.isposinf(np.PINF)
+    True
+    >>> np.isposinf(np.inf)
+    True
+    >>> np.isposinf(np.NINF)
+    False
+    >>> np.isposinf([-np.inf, 0., np.inf])
+    array([False, False,  True])
+
+    >>> x = np.array([-np.inf, 0., np.inf])
+    >>> y = np.array([2, 2, 2])
+    >>> np.isposinf(x, y)
+    array([0, 0, 1])
+    >>> y
+    array([0, 0, 1])
+
+    """
+    is_inf = nx.isinf(x)
+    try:
+        signbit = ~nx.signbit(x)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        dtype = nx.asanyarray(x).dtype
+        raise TypeError(f'This operation is not supported for {dtype} values '
+                        'because it would be ambiguous.') from e
+    else:
+        return nx.logical_and(is_inf, signbit, out)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_dispatcher, verify=False, module='numpy')
+def isneginf(x, out=None):
+    """
+    Test element-wise for negative infinity, return result as bool array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        The input array.
+    out : array_like, optional
+        A location into which the result is stored. If provided, it must have a
+        shape that the input broadcasts to. If not provided or None, a
+        freshly-allocated boolean array is returned.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        A boolean array with the same dimensions as the input.
+        If second argument is not supplied then a numpy boolean array is
+        returned with values True where the corresponding element of the
+        input is negative infinity and values False where the element of
+        the input is not negative infinity.
+
+        If a second argument is supplied the result is stored there. If the
+        type of that array is a numeric type the result is represented as
+        zeros and ones, if the type is boolean then as False and True. The
+        return value `out` is then a reference to that array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    isinf, isposinf, isnan, isfinite
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    NumPy uses the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point for Arithmetic
+    (IEEE 754).
+
+    Errors result if the second argument is also supplied when x is a scalar
+    input, if first and second arguments have different shapes, or if the
+    first argument has complex values.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.isneginf(np.NINF)
+    True
+    >>> np.isneginf(np.inf)
+    False
+    >>> np.isneginf(np.PINF)
+    False
+    >>> np.isneginf([-np.inf, 0., np.inf])
+    array([ True, False, False])
+
+    >>> x = np.array([-np.inf, 0., np.inf])
+    >>> y = np.array([2, 2, 2])
+    >>> np.isneginf(x, y)
+    array([1, 0, 0])
+    >>> y
+    array([1, 0, 0])
+
+    """
+    is_inf = nx.isinf(x)
+    try:
+        signbit = nx.signbit(x)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        dtype = nx.asanyarray(x).dtype
+        raise TypeError(f'This operation is not supported for {dtype} values '
+                        'because it would be ambiguous.') from e
+    else:
+        return nx.logical_and(is_inf, signbit, out)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/ufunclike.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/ufunclike.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..82537e2acd953e3ce82541b04cdca0dfba1963b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/ufunclike.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+from typing import Any, overload, TypeVar
+
+from numpy import floating, bool_, object_, ndarray
+from numpy._typing import (
+    NDArray,
+    _FloatLike_co,
+    _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+)
+
+_ArrayType = TypeVar("_ArrayType", bound=ndarray[Any, Any])
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+@overload
+def fix(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    x: _FloatLike_co,
+    out: None = ...,
+) -> floating[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def fix(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    out: None = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def fix(
+    x: _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    out: None = ...,
+) -> NDArray[object_]: ...
+@overload
+def fix(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    out: _ArrayType,
+) -> _ArrayType: ...
+
+@overload
+def isposinf(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    x: _FloatLike_co,
+    out: None = ...,
+) -> bool_: ...
+@overload
+def isposinf(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    out: None = ...,
+) -> NDArray[bool_]: ...
+@overload
+def isposinf(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    out: _ArrayType,
+) -> _ArrayType: ...
+
+@overload
+def isneginf(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    x: _FloatLike_co,
+    out: None = ...,
+) -> bool_: ...
+@overload
+def isneginf(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    out: None = ...,
+) -> NDArray[bool_]: ...
+@overload
+def isneginf(
+    x: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    out: _ArrayType,
+) -> _ArrayType: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/user_array.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/user_array.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e96b477ef7456e5ce575b17698323b7ff479dcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/user_array.py
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+"""
+Standard container-class for easy multiple-inheritance.
+
+Try to inherit from the ndarray instead of using this class as this is not
+complete.
+
+"""
+from numpy.core import (
+    array, asarray, absolute, add, subtract, multiply, divide,
+    remainder, power, left_shift, right_shift, bitwise_and, bitwise_or,
+    bitwise_xor, invert, less, less_equal, not_equal, equal, greater,
+    greater_equal, shape, reshape, arange, sin, sqrt, transpose
+)
+
+
+class container:
+    """
+    container(data, dtype=None, copy=True)
+
+    Standard container-class for easy multiple-inheritance.
+
+    Methods
+    -------
+    copy
+    tostring
+    byteswap
+    astype
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, data, dtype=None, copy=True):
+        self.array = array(data, dtype, copy=copy)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self.ndim > 0:
+            return self.__class__.__name__ + repr(self.array)[len("array"):]
+        else:
+            return self.__class__.__name__ + "(" + repr(self.array) + ")"
+
+    def __array__(self, t=None):
+        if t:
+            return self.array.astype(t)
+        return self.array
+
+    # Array as sequence
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.array)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        return self._rc(self.array[index])
+
+    def __setitem__(self, index, value):
+        self.array[index] = asarray(value, self.dtype)
+
+    def __abs__(self):
+        return self._rc(absolute(self.array))
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        return self._rc(-self.array)
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(self.array + asarray(other))
+
+    __radd__ = __add__
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other):
+        add(self.array, other, self.array)
+        return self
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(self.array - asarray(other))
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(asarray(other) - self.array)
+
+    def __isub__(self, other):
+        subtract(self.array, other, self.array)
+        return self
+
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(multiply(self.array, asarray(other)))
+
+    __rmul__ = __mul__
+
+    def __imul__(self, other):
+        multiply(self.array, other, self.array)
+        return self
+
+    def __div__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(divide(self.array, asarray(other)))
+
+    def __rdiv__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(divide(asarray(other), self.array))
+
+    def __idiv__(self, other):
+        divide(self.array, other, self.array)
+        return self
+
+    def __mod__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(remainder(self.array, other))
+
+    def __rmod__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(remainder(other, self.array))
+
+    def __imod__(self, other):
+        remainder(self.array, other, self.array)
+        return self
+
+    def __divmod__(self, other):
+        return (self._rc(divide(self.array, other)),
+                self._rc(remainder(self.array, other)))
+
+    def __rdivmod__(self, other):
+        return (self._rc(divide(other, self.array)),
+                self._rc(remainder(other, self.array)))
+
+    def __pow__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(power(self.array, asarray(other)))
+
+    def __rpow__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(power(asarray(other), self.array))
+
+    def __ipow__(self, other):
+        power(self.array, other, self.array)
+        return self
+
+    def __lshift__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(left_shift(self.array, other))
+
+    def __rshift__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(right_shift(self.array, other))
+
+    def __rlshift__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(left_shift(other, self.array))
+
+    def __rrshift__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(right_shift(other, self.array))
+
+    def __ilshift__(self, other):
+        left_shift(self.array, other, self.array)
+        return self
+
+    def __irshift__(self, other):
+        right_shift(self.array, other, self.array)
+        return self
+
+    def __and__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(bitwise_and(self.array, other))
+
+    def __rand__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(bitwise_and(other, self.array))
+
+    def __iand__(self, other):
+        bitwise_and(self.array, other, self.array)
+        return self
+
+    def __xor__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(bitwise_xor(self.array, other))
+
+    def __rxor__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(bitwise_xor(other, self.array))
+
+    def __ixor__(self, other):
+        bitwise_xor(self.array, other, self.array)
+        return self
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(bitwise_or(self.array, other))
+
+    def __ror__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(bitwise_or(other, self.array))
+
+    def __ior__(self, other):
+        bitwise_or(self.array, other, self.array)
+        return self
+
+    def __pos__(self):
+        return self._rc(self.array)
+
+    def __invert__(self):
+        return self._rc(invert(self.array))
+
+    def _scalarfunc(self, func):
+        if self.ndim == 0:
+            return func(self[0])
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "only rank-0 arrays can be converted to Python scalars.")
+
+    def __complex__(self):
+        return self._scalarfunc(complex)
+
+    def __float__(self):
+        return self._scalarfunc(float)
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return self._scalarfunc(int)
+
+    def __hex__(self):
+        return self._scalarfunc(hex)
+
+    def __oct__(self):
+        return self._scalarfunc(oct)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(less(self.array, other))
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(less_equal(self.array, other))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(equal(self.array, other))
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(not_equal(self.array, other))
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(greater(self.array, other))
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return self._rc(greater_equal(self.array, other))
+
+    def copy(self):
+        ""
+        return self._rc(self.array.copy())
+
+    def tostring(self):
+        ""
+        return self.array.tostring()
+
+    def tobytes(self):
+        ""
+        return self.array.tobytes()
+
+    def byteswap(self):
+        ""
+        return self._rc(self.array.byteswap())
+
+    def astype(self, typecode):
+        ""
+        return self._rc(self.array.astype(typecode))
+
+    def _rc(self, a):
+        if len(shape(a)) == 0:
+            return a
+        else:
+            return self.__class__(a)
+
+    def __array_wrap__(self, *args):
+        return self.__class__(args[0])
+
+    def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
+        if attr == 'array':
+            object.__setattr__(self, attr, value)
+            return
+        try:
+            self.array.__setattr__(attr, value)
+        except AttributeError:
+            object.__setattr__(self, attr, value)
+
+    # Only called after other approaches fail.
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        if (attr == 'array'):
+            return object.__getattribute__(self, attr)
+        return self.array.__getattribute__(attr)
+
+#############################################################
+# Test of class container
+#############################################################
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    temp = reshape(arange(10000), (100, 100))
+
+    ua = container(temp)
+    # new object created begin test
+    print(dir(ua))
+    print(shape(ua), ua.shape)  # I have changed Numeric.py
+
+    ua_small = ua[:3, :5]
+    print(ua_small)
+    # this did not change ua[0,0], which is not normal behavior
+    ua_small[0, 0] = 10
+    print(ua_small[0, 0], ua[0, 0])
+    print(sin(ua_small) / 3. * 6. + sqrt(ua_small ** 2))
+    print(less(ua_small, 103), type(less(ua_small, 103)))
+    print(type(ua_small * reshape(arange(15), shape(ua_small))))
+    print(reshape(ua_small, (5, 3)))
+    print(transpose(ua_small))
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/utils.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6174c8d08764a4712cea65d3077a93e7c67a6333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1211 @@
+import os
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import types
+import re
+import warnings
+import functools
+import platform
+
+from .._utils import set_module
+from numpy.core.numerictypes import issubclass_, issubsctype, issubdtype
+from numpy.core import ndarray, ufunc, asarray
+import numpy as np
+
+__all__ = [
+    'issubclass_', 'issubsctype', 'issubdtype', 'deprecate',
+    'deprecate_with_doc', 'get_include', 'info', 'source', 'who',
+    'lookfor', 'byte_bounds', 'safe_eval', 'show_runtime'
+    ]
+
+
+def show_runtime():
+    """
+    Print information about various resources in the system
+    including available intrinsic support and BLAS/LAPACK library
+    in use
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.24.0
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    show_config : Show libraries in the system on which NumPy was built.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    1. Information is derived with the help of `threadpoolctl `_
+       library if available.
+    2. SIMD related information is derived from ``__cpu_features__``,
+       ``__cpu_baseline__`` and ``__cpu_dispatch__``
+
+    """
+    from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
+        __cpu_features__, __cpu_baseline__, __cpu_dispatch__
+    )
+    from pprint import pprint
+    config_found = [{
+        "numpy_version": np.__version__,
+        "python": sys.version,
+        "uname": platform.uname(),
+        }]
+    features_found, features_not_found = [], []
+    for feature in __cpu_dispatch__:
+        if __cpu_features__[feature]:
+            features_found.append(feature)
+        else:
+            features_not_found.append(feature)
+    config_found.append({
+        "simd_extensions": {
+            "baseline": __cpu_baseline__,
+            "found": features_found,
+            "not_found": features_not_found
+        }
+    })
+    try:
+        from threadpoolctl import threadpool_info
+        config_found.extend(threadpool_info())
+    except ImportError:
+        print("WARNING: `threadpoolctl` not found in system!"
+              " Install it by `pip install threadpoolctl`."
+              " Once installed, try `np.show_runtime` again"
+              " for more detailed build information")
+    pprint(config_found)
+
+
+def get_include():
+    """
+    Return the directory that contains the NumPy \\*.h header files.
+
+    Extension modules that need to compile against NumPy should use this
+    function to locate the appropriate include directory.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    When using ``distutils``, for example in ``setup.py``::
+
+        import numpy as np
+        ...
+        Extension('extension_name', ...
+                include_dirs=[np.get_include()])
+        ...
+
+    """
+    import numpy
+    if numpy.show_config is None:
+        # running from numpy source directory
+        d = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(numpy.__file__), 'core', 'include')
+    else:
+        # using installed numpy core headers
+        import numpy.core as core
+        d = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(core.__file__), 'include')
+    return d
+
+
+class _Deprecate:
+    """
+    Decorator class to deprecate old functions.
+
+    Refer to `deprecate` for details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    deprecate
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, old_name=None, new_name=None, message=None):
+        self.old_name = old_name
+        self.new_name = new_name
+        self.message = message
+
+    def __call__(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Decorator call.  Refer to ``decorate``.
+
+        """
+        old_name = self.old_name
+        new_name = self.new_name
+        message = self.message
+
+        if old_name is None:
+            old_name = func.__name__
+        if new_name is None:
+            depdoc = "`%s` is deprecated!" % old_name
+        else:
+            depdoc = "`%s` is deprecated, use `%s` instead!" % \
+                     (old_name, new_name)
+
+        if message is not None:
+            depdoc += "\n" + message
+
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def newfunc(*args, **kwds):
+            warnings.warn(depdoc, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return func(*args, **kwds)
+
+        newfunc.__name__ = old_name
+        doc = func.__doc__
+        if doc is None:
+            doc = depdoc
+        else:
+            lines = doc.expandtabs().split('\n')
+            indent = _get_indent(lines[1:])
+            if lines[0].lstrip():
+                # Indent the original first line to let inspect.cleandoc()
+                # dedent the docstring despite the deprecation notice.
+                doc = indent * ' ' + doc
+            else:
+                # Remove the same leading blank lines as cleandoc() would.
+                skip = len(lines[0]) + 1
+                for line in lines[1:]:
+                    if len(line) > indent:
+                        break
+                    skip += len(line) + 1
+                doc = doc[skip:]
+            depdoc = textwrap.indent(depdoc, ' ' * indent)
+            doc = '\n\n'.join([depdoc, doc])
+        newfunc.__doc__ = doc
+
+        return newfunc
+
+
+def _get_indent(lines):
+    """
+    Determines the leading whitespace that could be removed from all the lines.
+    """
+    indent = sys.maxsize
+    for line in lines:
+        content = len(line.lstrip())
+        if content:
+            indent = min(indent, len(line) - content)
+    if indent == sys.maxsize:
+        indent = 0
+    return indent
+
+
+def deprecate(*args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Issues a DeprecationWarning, adds warning to `old_name`'s
+    docstring, rebinds ``old_name.__name__`` and returns the new
+    function object.
+
+    This function may also be used as a decorator.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    func : function
+        The function to be deprecated.
+    old_name : str, optional
+        The name of the function to be deprecated. Default is None, in
+        which case the name of `func` is used.
+    new_name : str, optional
+        The new name for the function. Default is None, in which case the
+        deprecation message is that `old_name` is deprecated. If given, the
+        deprecation message is that `old_name` is deprecated and `new_name`
+        should be used instead.
+    message : str, optional
+        Additional explanation of the deprecation.  Displayed in the
+        docstring after the warning.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    old_func : function
+        The deprecated function.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Note that ``olduint`` returns a value after printing Deprecation
+    Warning:
+
+    >>> olduint = np.deprecate(np.uint)
+    DeprecationWarning: `uint64` is deprecated! # may vary
+    >>> olduint(6)
+    6
+
+    """
+    # Deprecate may be run as a function or as a decorator
+    # If run as a function, we initialise the decorator class
+    # and execute its __call__ method.
+
+    if args:
+        fn = args[0]
+        args = args[1:]
+
+        return _Deprecate(*args, **kwargs)(fn)
+    else:
+        return _Deprecate(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def deprecate_with_doc(msg):
+    """
+    Deprecates a function and includes the deprecation in its docstring.
+
+    This function is used as a decorator. It returns an object that can be
+    used to issue a DeprecationWarning, by passing the to-be decorated
+    function as argument, this adds warning to the to-be decorated function's
+    docstring and returns the new function object.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    deprecate : Decorate a function such that it issues a `DeprecationWarning`
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    msg : str
+        Additional explanation of the deprecation. Displayed in the
+        docstring after the warning.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    obj : object
+
+    """
+    return _Deprecate(message=msg)
+
+
+#--------------------------------------------
+# Determine if two arrays can share memory
+#--------------------------------------------
+
+def byte_bounds(a):
+    """
+    Returns pointers to the end-points of an array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : ndarray
+        Input array. It must conform to the Python-side of the array
+        interface.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    (low, high) : tuple of 2 integers
+        The first integer is the first byte of the array, the second
+        integer is just past the last byte of the array.  If `a` is not
+        contiguous it will not use every byte between the (`low`, `high`)
+        values.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> I = np.eye(2, dtype='f'); I.dtype
+    dtype('float32')
+    >>> low, high = np.byte_bounds(I)
+    >>> high - low == I.size*I.itemsize
+    True
+    >>> I = np.eye(2); I.dtype
+    dtype('float64')
+    >>> low, high = np.byte_bounds(I)
+    >>> high - low == I.size*I.itemsize
+    True
+
+    """
+    ai = a.__array_interface__
+    a_data = ai['data'][0]
+    astrides = ai['strides']
+    ashape = ai['shape']
+    bytes_a = asarray(a).dtype.itemsize
+
+    a_low = a_high = a_data
+    if astrides is None:
+        # contiguous case
+        a_high += a.size * bytes_a
+    else:
+        for shape, stride in zip(ashape, astrides):
+            if stride < 0:
+                a_low += (shape-1)*stride
+            else:
+                a_high += (shape-1)*stride
+        a_high += bytes_a
+    return a_low, a_high
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Function for output and information on the variables used.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def who(vardict=None):
+    """
+    Print the NumPy arrays in the given dictionary.
+
+    If there is no dictionary passed in or `vardict` is None then returns
+    NumPy arrays in the globals() dictionary (all NumPy arrays in the
+    namespace).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vardict : dict, optional
+        A dictionary possibly containing ndarrays.  Default is globals().
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : None
+        Returns 'None'.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Prints out the name, shape, bytes and type of all of the ndarrays
+    present in `vardict`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.arange(10)
+    >>> b = np.ones(20)
+    >>> np.who()
+    Name            Shape            Bytes            Type
+    ===========================================================
+    a               10               80               int64
+    b               20               160              float64
+    Upper bound on total bytes  =       240
+
+    >>> d = {'x': np.arange(2.0), 'y': np.arange(3.0), 'txt': 'Some str',
+    ... 'idx':5}
+    >>> np.who(d)
+    Name            Shape            Bytes            Type
+    ===========================================================
+    x               2                16               float64
+    y               3                24               float64
+    Upper bound on total bytes  =       40
+
+    """
+    if vardict is None:
+        frame = sys._getframe().f_back
+        vardict = frame.f_globals
+    sta = []
+    cache = {}
+    for name in vardict.keys():
+        if isinstance(vardict[name], ndarray):
+            var = vardict[name]
+            idv = id(var)
+            if idv in cache.keys():
+                namestr = name + " (%s)" % cache[idv]
+                original = 0
+            else:
+                cache[idv] = name
+                namestr = name
+                original = 1
+            shapestr = " x ".join(map(str, var.shape))
+            bytestr = str(var.nbytes)
+            sta.append([namestr, shapestr, bytestr, var.dtype.name,
+                        original])
+
+    maxname = 0
+    maxshape = 0
+    maxbyte = 0
+    totalbytes = 0
+    for val in sta:
+        if maxname < len(val[0]):
+            maxname = len(val[0])
+        if maxshape < len(val[1]):
+            maxshape = len(val[1])
+        if maxbyte < len(val[2]):
+            maxbyte = len(val[2])
+        if val[4]:
+            totalbytes += int(val[2])
+
+    if len(sta) > 0:
+        sp1 = max(10, maxname)
+        sp2 = max(10, maxshape)
+        sp3 = max(10, maxbyte)
+        prval = "Name %s Shape %s Bytes %s Type" % (sp1*' ', sp2*' ', sp3*' ')
+        print(prval + "\n" + "="*(len(prval)+5) + "\n")
+
+    for val in sta:
+        print("%s %s %s %s %s %s %s" % (val[0], ' '*(sp1-len(val[0])+4),
+                                        val[1], ' '*(sp2-len(val[1])+5),
+                                        val[2], ' '*(sp3-len(val[2])+5),
+                                        val[3]))
+    print("\nUpper bound on total bytes  =       %d" % totalbytes)
+    return
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# NOTE:  pydoc defines a help function which works similarly to this
+#  except it uses a pager to take over the screen.
+
+# combine name and arguments and split to multiple lines of width
+# characters.  End lines on a comma and begin argument list indented with
+# the rest of the arguments.
+def _split_line(name, arguments, width):
+    firstwidth = len(name)
+    k = firstwidth
+    newstr = name
+    sepstr = ", "
+    arglist = arguments.split(sepstr)
+    for argument in arglist:
+        if k == firstwidth:
+            addstr = ""
+        else:
+            addstr = sepstr
+        k = k + len(argument) + len(addstr)
+        if k > width:
+            k = firstwidth + 1 + len(argument)
+            newstr = newstr + ",\n" + " "*(firstwidth+2) + argument
+        else:
+            newstr = newstr + addstr + argument
+    return newstr
+
+_namedict = None
+_dictlist = None
+
+# Traverse all module directories underneath globals
+# to see if something is defined
+def _makenamedict(module='numpy'):
+    module = __import__(module, globals(), locals(), [])
+    thedict = {module.__name__:module.__dict__}
+    dictlist = [module.__name__]
+    totraverse = [module.__dict__]
+    while True:
+        if len(totraverse) == 0:
+            break
+        thisdict = totraverse.pop(0)
+        for x in thisdict.keys():
+            if isinstance(thisdict[x], types.ModuleType):
+                modname = thisdict[x].__name__
+                if modname not in dictlist:
+                    moddict = thisdict[x].__dict__
+                    dictlist.append(modname)
+                    totraverse.append(moddict)
+                    thedict[modname] = moddict
+    return thedict, dictlist
+
+
+def _info(obj, output=None):
+    """Provide information about ndarray obj.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    obj : ndarray
+        Must be ndarray, not checked.
+    output
+        Where printed output goes.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Copied over from the numarray module prior to its removal.
+    Adapted somewhat as only numpy is an option now.
+
+    Called by info.
+
+    """
+    extra = ""
+    tic = ""
+    bp = lambda x: x
+    cls = getattr(obj, '__class__', type(obj))
+    nm = getattr(cls, '__name__', cls)
+    strides = obj.strides
+    endian = obj.dtype.byteorder
+
+    if output is None:
+        output = sys.stdout
+
+    print("class: ", nm, file=output)
+    print("shape: ", obj.shape, file=output)
+    print("strides: ", strides, file=output)
+    print("itemsize: ", obj.itemsize, file=output)
+    print("aligned: ", bp(obj.flags.aligned), file=output)
+    print("contiguous: ", bp(obj.flags.contiguous), file=output)
+    print("fortran: ", obj.flags.fortran, file=output)
+    print(
+        "data pointer: %s%s" % (hex(obj.ctypes._as_parameter_.value), extra),
+        file=output
+        )
+    print("byteorder: ", end=' ', file=output)
+    if endian in ['|', '=']:
+        print("%s%s%s" % (tic, sys.byteorder, tic), file=output)
+        byteswap = False
+    elif endian == '>':
+        print("%sbig%s" % (tic, tic), file=output)
+        byteswap = sys.byteorder != "big"
+    else:
+        print("%slittle%s" % (tic, tic), file=output)
+        byteswap = sys.byteorder != "little"
+    print("byteswap: ", bp(byteswap), file=output)
+    print("type: %s" % obj.dtype, file=output)
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def info(object=None, maxwidth=76, output=None, toplevel='numpy'):
+    """
+    Get help information for an array, function, class, or module.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    object : object or str, optional
+        Input object or name to get information about. If `object` is
+        an `ndarray` instance, information about the array is printed.
+        If `object` is a numpy object, its docstring is given. If it is
+        a string, available modules are searched for matching objects.
+        If None, information about `info` itself is returned.
+    maxwidth : int, optional
+        Printing width.
+    output : file like object, optional
+        File like object that the output is written to, default is
+        ``None``, in which case ``sys.stdout`` will be used.
+        The object has to be opened in 'w' or 'a' mode.
+    toplevel : str, optional
+        Start search at this level.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    source, lookfor
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    When used interactively with an object, ``np.info(obj)`` is equivalent
+    to ``help(obj)`` on the Python prompt or ``obj?`` on the IPython
+    prompt.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.info(np.polyval) # doctest: +SKIP
+       polyval(p, x)
+         Evaluate the polynomial p at x.
+         ...
+
+    When using a string for `object` it is possible to get multiple results.
+
+    >>> np.info('fft') # doctest: +SKIP
+         *** Found in numpy ***
+    Core FFT routines
+    ...
+         *** Found in numpy.fft ***
+     fft(a, n=None, axis=-1)
+    ...
+         *** Repeat reference found in numpy.fft.fftpack ***
+         *** Total of 3 references found. ***
+
+    When the argument is an array, information about the array is printed.
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[1 + 2j, 3, -4], [-5j, 6, 0]], dtype=np.complex64)
+    >>> np.info(a)
+    class:  ndarray
+    shape:  (2, 3)
+    strides:  (24, 8)
+    itemsize:  8
+    aligned:  True
+    contiguous:  True
+    fortran:  False
+    data pointer: 0x562b6e0d2860  # may vary
+    byteorder:  little
+    byteswap:  False
+    type: complex64
+
+    """
+    global _namedict, _dictlist
+    # Local import to speed up numpy's import time.
+    import pydoc
+    import inspect
+
+    if (hasattr(object, '_ppimport_importer') or
+           hasattr(object, '_ppimport_module')):
+        object = object._ppimport_module
+    elif hasattr(object, '_ppimport_attr'):
+        object = object._ppimport_attr
+
+    if output is None:
+        output = sys.stdout
+
+    if object is None:
+        info(info)
+    elif isinstance(object, ndarray):
+        _info(object, output=output)
+    elif isinstance(object, str):
+        if _namedict is None:
+            _namedict, _dictlist = _makenamedict(toplevel)
+        numfound = 0
+        objlist = []
+        for namestr in _dictlist:
+            try:
+                obj = _namedict[namestr][object]
+                if id(obj) in objlist:
+                    print("\n     "
+                          "*** Repeat reference found in %s *** " % namestr,
+                          file=output
+                          )
+                else:
+                    objlist.append(id(obj))
+                    print("     *** Found in %s ***" % namestr, file=output)
+                    info(obj)
+                    print("-"*maxwidth, file=output)
+                numfound += 1
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        if numfound == 0:
+            print("Help for %s not found." % object, file=output)
+        else:
+            print("\n     "
+                  "*** Total of %d references found. ***" % numfound,
+                  file=output
+                  )
+
+    elif inspect.isfunction(object) or inspect.ismethod(object):
+        name = object.__name__
+        try:
+            arguments = str(inspect.signature(object))
+        except Exception:
+            arguments = "()"
+
+        if len(name+arguments) > maxwidth:
+            argstr = _split_line(name, arguments, maxwidth)
+        else:
+            argstr = name + arguments
+
+        print(" " + argstr + "\n", file=output)
+        print(inspect.getdoc(object), file=output)
+
+    elif inspect.isclass(object):
+        name = object.__name__
+        try:
+            arguments = str(inspect.signature(object))
+        except Exception:
+            arguments = "()"
+
+        if len(name+arguments) > maxwidth:
+            argstr = _split_line(name, arguments, maxwidth)
+        else:
+            argstr = name + arguments
+
+        print(" " + argstr + "\n", file=output)
+        doc1 = inspect.getdoc(object)
+        if doc1 is None:
+            if hasattr(object, '__init__'):
+                print(inspect.getdoc(object.__init__), file=output)
+        else:
+            print(inspect.getdoc(object), file=output)
+
+        methods = pydoc.allmethods(object)
+
+        public_methods = [meth for meth in methods if meth[0] != '_']
+        if public_methods:
+            print("\n\nMethods:\n", file=output)
+            for meth in public_methods:
+                thisobj = getattr(object, meth, None)
+                if thisobj is not None:
+                    methstr, other = pydoc.splitdoc(
+                            inspect.getdoc(thisobj) or "None"
+                            )
+                print("  %s  --  %s" % (meth, methstr), file=output)
+
+    elif hasattr(object, '__doc__'):
+        print(inspect.getdoc(object), file=output)
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def source(object, output=sys.stdout):
+    """
+    Print or write to a file the source code for a NumPy object.
+
+    The source code is only returned for objects written in Python. Many
+    functions and classes are defined in C and will therefore not return
+    useful information.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    object : numpy object
+        Input object. This can be any object (function, class, module,
+        ...).
+    output : file object, optional
+        If `output` not supplied then source code is printed to screen
+        (sys.stdout).  File object must be created with either write 'w' or
+        append 'a' modes.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lookfor, info
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.source(np.interp)                        #doctest: +SKIP
+    In file: /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/numpy/lib/function_base.py
+    def interp(x, xp, fp, left=None, right=None):
+        \"\"\".... (full docstring printed)\"\"\"
+        if isinstance(x, (float, int, number)):
+            return compiled_interp([x], xp, fp, left, right).item()
+        else:
+            return compiled_interp(x, xp, fp, left, right)
+
+    The source code is only returned for objects written in Python.
+
+    >>> np.source(np.array)                         #doctest: +SKIP
+    Not available for this object.
+
+    """
+    # Local import to speed up numpy's import time.
+    import inspect
+    try:
+        print("In file: %s\n" % inspect.getsourcefile(object), file=output)
+        print(inspect.getsource(object), file=output)
+    except Exception:
+        print("Not available for this object.", file=output)
+
+
+# Cache for lookfor: {id(module): {name: (docstring, kind, index), ...}...}
+# where kind: "func", "class", "module", "object"
+# and index: index in breadth-first namespace traversal
+_lookfor_caches = {}
+
+# regexp whose match indicates that the string may contain a function
+# signature
+_function_signature_re = re.compile(r"[a-z0-9_]+\(.*[,=].*\)", re.I)
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def lookfor(what, module=None, import_modules=True, regenerate=False,
+            output=None):
+    """
+    Do a keyword search on docstrings.
+
+    A list of objects that matched the search is displayed,
+    sorted by relevance. All given keywords need to be found in the
+    docstring for it to be returned as a result, but the order does
+    not matter.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    what : str
+        String containing words to look for.
+    module : str or list, optional
+        Name of module(s) whose docstrings to go through.
+    import_modules : bool, optional
+        Whether to import sub-modules in packages. Default is True.
+    regenerate : bool, optional
+        Whether to re-generate the docstring cache. Default is False.
+    output : file-like, optional
+        File-like object to write the output to. If omitted, use a pager.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    source, info
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Relevance is determined only roughly, by checking if the keywords occur
+    in the function name, at the start of a docstring, etc.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.lookfor('binary representation') # doctest: +SKIP
+    Search results for 'binary representation'
+    ------------------------------------------
+    numpy.binary_repr
+        Return the binary representation of the input number as a string.
+    numpy.core.setup_common.long_double_representation
+        Given a binary dump as given by GNU od -b, look for long double
+    numpy.base_repr
+        Return a string representation of a number in the given base system.
+    ...
+
+    """
+    import pydoc
+
+    # Cache
+    cache = _lookfor_generate_cache(module, import_modules, regenerate)
+
+    # Search
+    # XXX: maybe using a real stemming search engine would be better?
+    found = []
+    whats = str(what).lower().split()
+    if not whats:
+        return
+
+    for name, (docstring, kind, index) in cache.items():
+        if kind in ('module', 'object'):
+            # don't show modules or objects
+            continue
+        doc = docstring.lower()
+        if all(w in doc for w in whats):
+            found.append(name)
+
+    # Relevance sort
+    # XXX: this is full Harrison-Stetson heuristics now,
+    # XXX: it probably could be improved
+
+    kind_relevance = {'func': 1000, 'class': 1000,
+                      'module': -1000, 'object': -1000}
+
+    def relevance(name, docstr, kind, index):
+        r = 0
+        # do the keywords occur within the start of the docstring?
+        first_doc = "\n".join(docstr.lower().strip().split("\n")[:3])
+        r += sum([200 for w in whats if w in first_doc])
+        # do the keywords occur in the function name?
+        r += sum([30 for w in whats if w in name])
+        # is the full name long?
+        r += -len(name) * 5
+        # is the object of bad type?
+        r += kind_relevance.get(kind, -1000)
+        # is the object deep in namespace hierarchy?
+        r += -name.count('.') * 10
+        r += max(-index / 100, -100)
+        return r
+
+    def relevance_value(a):
+        return relevance(a, *cache[a])
+    found.sort(key=relevance_value)
+
+    # Pretty-print
+    s = "Search results for '%s'" % (' '.join(whats))
+    help_text = [s, "-"*len(s)]
+    for name in found[::-1]:
+        doc, kind, ix = cache[name]
+
+        doclines = [line.strip() for line in doc.strip().split("\n")
+                    if line.strip()]
+
+        # find a suitable short description
+        try:
+            first_doc = doclines[0].strip()
+            if _function_signature_re.search(first_doc):
+                first_doc = doclines[1].strip()
+        except IndexError:
+            first_doc = ""
+        help_text.append("%s\n    %s" % (name, first_doc))
+
+    if not found:
+        help_text.append("Nothing found.")
+
+    # Output
+    if output is not None:
+        output.write("\n".join(help_text))
+    elif len(help_text) > 10:
+        pager = pydoc.getpager()
+        pager("\n".join(help_text))
+    else:
+        print("\n".join(help_text))
+
+def _lookfor_generate_cache(module, import_modules, regenerate):
+    """
+    Generate docstring cache for given module.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    module : str, None, module
+        Module for which to generate docstring cache
+    import_modules : bool
+        Whether to import sub-modules in packages.
+    regenerate : bool
+        Re-generate the docstring cache
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    cache : dict {obj_full_name: (docstring, kind, index), ...}
+        Docstring cache for the module, either cached one (regenerate=False)
+        or newly generated.
+
+    """
+    # Local import to speed up numpy's import time.
+    import inspect
+
+    from io import StringIO
+
+    if module is None:
+        module = "numpy"
+
+    if isinstance(module, str):
+        try:
+            __import__(module)
+        except ImportError:
+            return {}
+        module = sys.modules[module]
+    elif isinstance(module, list) or isinstance(module, tuple):
+        cache = {}
+        for mod in module:
+            cache.update(_lookfor_generate_cache(mod, import_modules,
+                                                 regenerate))
+        return cache
+
+    if id(module) in _lookfor_caches and not regenerate:
+        return _lookfor_caches[id(module)]
+
+    # walk items and collect docstrings
+    cache = {}
+    _lookfor_caches[id(module)] = cache
+    seen = {}
+    index = 0
+    stack = [(module.__name__, module)]
+    while stack:
+        name, item = stack.pop(0)
+        if id(item) in seen:
+            continue
+        seen[id(item)] = True
+
+        index += 1
+        kind = "object"
+
+        if inspect.ismodule(item):
+            kind = "module"
+            try:
+                _all = item.__all__
+            except AttributeError:
+                _all = None
+
+            # import sub-packages
+            if import_modules and hasattr(item, '__path__'):
+                for pth in item.__path__:
+                    for mod_path in os.listdir(pth):
+                        this_py = os.path.join(pth, mod_path)
+                        init_py = os.path.join(pth, mod_path, '__init__.py')
+                        if (os.path.isfile(this_py) and
+                                mod_path.endswith('.py')):
+                            to_import = mod_path[:-3]
+                        elif os.path.isfile(init_py):
+                            to_import = mod_path
+                        else:
+                            continue
+                        if to_import == '__init__':
+                            continue
+
+                        try:
+                            old_stdout = sys.stdout
+                            old_stderr = sys.stderr
+                            try:
+                                sys.stdout = StringIO()
+                                sys.stderr = StringIO()
+                                __import__("%s.%s" % (name, to_import))
+                            finally:
+                                sys.stdout = old_stdout
+                                sys.stderr = old_stderr
+                        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                            # Assume keyboard interrupt came from a user
+                            raise
+                        except BaseException:
+                            # Ignore also SystemExit and pytests.importorskip
+                            # `Skipped` (these are BaseExceptions; gh-22345)
+                            continue
+
+            for n, v in _getmembers(item):
+                try:
+                    item_name = getattr(v, '__name__', "%s.%s" % (name, n))
+                    mod_name = getattr(v, '__module__', None)
+                except NameError:
+                    # ref. SWIG's global cvars
+                    #    NameError: Unknown C global variable
+                    item_name = "%s.%s" % (name, n)
+                    mod_name = None
+                if '.' not in item_name and mod_name:
+                    item_name = "%s.%s" % (mod_name, item_name)
+
+                if not item_name.startswith(name + '.'):
+                    # don't crawl "foreign" objects
+                    if isinstance(v, ufunc):
+                        # ... unless they are ufuncs
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        continue
+                elif not (inspect.ismodule(v) or _all is None or n in _all):
+                    continue
+                stack.append(("%s.%s" % (name, n), v))
+        elif inspect.isclass(item):
+            kind = "class"
+            for n, v in _getmembers(item):
+                stack.append(("%s.%s" % (name, n), v))
+        elif hasattr(item, "__call__"):
+            kind = "func"
+
+        try:
+            doc = inspect.getdoc(item)
+        except NameError:
+            # ref SWIG's NameError: Unknown C global variable
+            doc = None
+        if doc is not None:
+            cache[name] = (doc, kind, index)
+
+    return cache
+
+def _getmembers(item):
+    import inspect
+    try:
+        members = inspect.getmembers(item)
+    except Exception:
+        members = [(x, getattr(item, x)) for x in dir(item)
+                   if hasattr(item, x)]
+    return members
+
+
+def safe_eval(source):
+    """
+    Protected string evaluation.
+
+    Evaluate a string containing a Python literal expression without
+    allowing the execution of arbitrary non-literal code.
+
+    .. warning::
+
+        This function is identical to :py:meth:`ast.literal_eval` and
+        has the same security implications.  It may not always be safe
+        to evaluate large input strings.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    source : str
+        The string to evaluate.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    obj : object
+       The result of evaluating `source`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    SyntaxError
+        If the code has invalid Python syntax, or if it contains
+        non-literal code.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.safe_eval('1')
+    1
+    >>> np.safe_eval('[1, 2, 3]')
+    [1, 2, 3]
+    >>> np.safe_eval('{"foo": ("bar", 10.0)}')
+    {'foo': ('bar', 10.0)}
+
+    >>> np.safe_eval('import os')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
+
+    >>> np.safe_eval('open("/home/user/.ssh/id_dsa").read()')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    ValueError: malformed node or string: <_ast.Call object at 0x...>
+
+    """
+    # Local import to speed up numpy's import time.
+    import ast
+    return ast.literal_eval(source)
+
+
+def _median_nancheck(data, result, axis):
+    """
+    Utility function to check median result from data for NaN values at the end
+    and return NaN in that case. Input result can also be a MaskedArray.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : array
+        Sorted input data to median function
+    result : Array or MaskedArray
+        Result of median function.
+    axis : int
+        Axis along which the median was computed.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : scalar or ndarray
+        Median or NaN in axes which contained NaN in the input.  If the input
+        was an array, NaN will be inserted in-place.  If a scalar, either the
+        input itself or a scalar NaN.
+    """
+    if data.size == 0:
+        return result
+    potential_nans = data.take(-1, axis=axis)
+    n = np.isnan(potential_nans)
+    # masked NaN values are ok, although for masked the copyto may fail for
+    # unmasked ones (this was always broken) when the result is a scalar.
+    if np.ma.isMaskedArray(n):
+        n = n.filled(False)
+
+    if not n.any():
+        return result
+
+    # Without given output, it is possible that the current result is a
+    # numpy scalar, which is not writeable.  If so, just return nan.
+    if isinstance(result, np.generic):
+        return potential_nans
+
+    # Otherwise copy NaNs (if there are any)
+    np.copyto(result, potential_nans, where=n)
+    return result
+
+def _opt_info():
+    """
+    Returns a string contains the supported CPU features by the current build.
+
+    The string format can be explained as follows:
+        - dispatched features that are supported by the running machine
+          end with `*`.
+        - dispatched features that are "not" supported by the running machine
+          end with `?`.
+        - remained features are representing the baseline.
+    """
+    from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
+        __cpu_features__, __cpu_baseline__, __cpu_dispatch__
+    )
+
+    if len(__cpu_baseline__) == 0 and len(__cpu_dispatch__) == 0:
+        return ''
+
+    enabled_features = ' '.join(__cpu_baseline__)
+    for feature in __cpu_dispatch__:
+        if __cpu_features__[feature]:
+            enabled_features += f" {feature}*"
+        else:
+            enabled_features += f" {feature}?"
+
+    return enabled_features
+
+
+def drop_metadata(dtype, /):
+    """
+    Returns the dtype unchanged if it contained no metadata or a copy of the
+    dtype if it (or any of its structure dtypes) contained metadata.
+
+    This utility is used by `np.save` and `np.savez` to drop metadata before
+    saving.
+
+    .. note::
+
+        Due to its limitation this function may move to a more appropriate
+        home or change in the future and is considered semi-public API only.
+
+    .. warning::
+
+        This function does not preserve more strange things like record dtypes
+        and user dtypes may simply return the wrong thing.  If you need to be
+        sure about the latter, check the result with:
+        ``np.can_cast(new_dtype, dtype, casting="no")``.
+
+    """
+    if dtype.fields is not None:
+        found_metadata = dtype.metadata is not None
+
+        names = []
+        formats = []
+        offsets = []
+        titles = []
+        for name, field in dtype.fields.items():
+            field_dt = drop_metadata(field[0])
+            if field_dt is not field[0]:
+                found_metadata = True
+
+            names.append(name)
+            formats.append(field_dt)
+            offsets.append(field[1])
+            titles.append(None if len(field) < 3 else field[2])
+
+        if not found_metadata:
+            return dtype
+
+        structure = dict(
+            names=names, formats=formats, offsets=offsets, titles=titles,
+            itemsize=dtype.itemsize)
+
+        # NOTE: Could pass (dtype.type, structure) to preserve record dtypes...
+        return np.dtype(structure, align=dtype.isalignedstruct)
+    elif dtype.subdtype is not None:
+        # subarray dtype
+        subdtype, shape = dtype.subdtype
+        new_subdtype = drop_metadata(subdtype)
+        if dtype.metadata is None and new_subdtype is subdtype:
+            return dtype
+
+        return np.dtype((new_subdtype, shape))
+    else:
+        # Normal unstructured dtype
+        if dtype.metadata is None:
+            return dtype
+        # Note that `dt.str` doesn't round-trip e.g. for user-dtypes.
+        return np.dtype(dtype.str)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/utils.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/utils.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..52ca92774975c010cae5b8485eb8e162c5bd22ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/lib/utils.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+from ast import AST
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    overload,
+    TypeVar,
+    Protocol,
+)
+
+from numpy import ndarray, generic
+
+from numpy.core.numerictypes import (
+    issubclass_ as issubclass_,
+    issubdtype as issubdtype,
+    issubsctype as issubsctype,
+)
+
+_T_contra = TypeVar("_T_contra", contravariant=True)
+_FuncType = TypeVar("_FuncType", bound=Callable[..., Any])
+
+# A file-like object opened in `w` mode
+class _SupportsWrite(Protocol[_T_contra]):
+    def write(self, s: _T_contra, /) -> Any: ...
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+class _Deprecate:
+    old_name: None | str
+    new_name: None | str
+    message: None | str
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        old_name: None | str = ...,
+        new_name: None | str = ...,
+        message: None | str = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    # NOTE: `__call__` can in principle take arbitrary `*args` and `**kwargs`,
+    # even though they aren't used for anything
+    def __call__(self, func: _FuncType) -> _FuncType: ...
+
+def get_include() -> str: ...
+
+@overload
+def deprecate(
+    *,
+    old_name: None | str = ...,
+    new_name: None | str = ...,
+    message: None | str = ...,
+) -> _Deprecate: ...
+@overload
+def deprecate(
+    func: _FuncType,
+    /,
+    old_name: None | str = ...,
+    new_name: None | str = ...,
+    message: None | str = ...,
+) -> _FuncType: ...
+
+def deprecate_with_doc(msg: None | str) -> _Deprecate: ...
+
+# NOTE: In practice `byte_bounds` can (potentially) take any object
+# implementing the `__array_interface__` protocol. The caveat is
+# that certain keys, marked as optional in the spec, must be present for
+#  `byte_bounds`. This concerns `"strides"` and `"data"`.
+def byte_bounds(a: generic | ndarray[Any, Any]) -> tuple[int, int]: ...
+
+def who(vardict: None | Mapping[str, ndarray[Any, Any]] = ...) -> None: ...
+
+def info(
+    object: object = ...,
+    maxwidth: int = ...,
+    output: None | _SupportsWrite[str] = ...,
+    toplevel: str = ...,
+) -> None: ...
+
+def source(
+    object: object,
+    output: None | _SupportsWrite[str] = ...,
+) -> None: ...
+
+def lookfor(
+    what: str,
+    module: None | str | Sequence[str] = ...,
+    import_modules: bool = ...,
+    regenerate: bool = ...,
+    output: None | _SupportsWrite[str] =...,
+) -> None: ...
+
+def safe_eval(source: str | AST) -> Any: ...
+
+def show_runtime() -> None: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93943de3896c135dde00080d30fd6cbe55a86e5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+"""
+``numpy.linalg``
+================
+
+The NumPy linear algebra functions rely on BLAS and LAPACK to provide efficient
+low level implementations of standard linear algebra algorithms. Those
+libraries may be provided by NumPy itself using C versions of a subset of their
+reference implementations but, when possible, highly optimized libraries that
+take advantage of specialized processor functionality are preferred. Examples
+of such libraries are OpenBLAS, MKL (TM), and ATLAS. Because those libraries
+are multithreaded and processor dependent, environmental variables and external
+packages such as threadpoolctl may be needed to control the number of threads
+or specify the processor architecture.
+
+- OpenBLAS: https://www.openblas.net/
+- threadpoolctl: https://github.com/joblib/threadpoolctl
+
+Please note that the most-used linear algebra functions in NumPy are present in
+the main ``numpy`` namespace rather than in ``numpy.linalg``.  There are:
+``dot``, ``vdot``, ``inner``, ``outer``, ``matmul``, ``tensordot``, ``einsum``,
+``einsum_path`` and ``kron``.
+
+Functions present in numpy.linalg are listed below.
+
+
+Matrix and vector products
+--------------------------
+
+   multi_dot
+   matrix_power
+
+Decompositions
+--------------
+
+   cholesky
+   qr
+   svd
+
+Matrix eigenvalues
+------------------
+
+   eig
+   eigh
+   eigvals
+   eigvalsh
+
+Norms and other numbers
+-----------------------
+
+   norm
+   cond
+   det
+   matrix_rank
+   slogdet
+
+Solving equations and inverting matrices
+----------------------------------------
+
+   solve
+   tensorsolve
+   lstsq
+   inv
+   pinv
+   tensorinv
+
+Exceptions
+----------
+
+   LinAlgError
+
+"""
+# To get sub-modules
+from . import linalg
+from .linalg import *
+
+__all__ = linalg.__all__.copy()
+
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+test = PytestTester(__name__)
+del PytestTester
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/__init__.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/__init__.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9acd55817325fb703ebddb7db594fac9cab5faf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/__init__.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from numpy.linalg.linalg import (
+    matrix_power as matrix_power,
+    solve as solve,
+    tensorsolve as tensorsolve,
+    tensorinv as tensorinv,
+    inv as inv,
+    cholesky as cholesky,
+    eigvals as eigvals,
+    eigvalsh as eigvalsh,
+    pinv as pinv,
+    slogdet as slogdet,
+    det as det,
+    svd as svd,
+    eig as eig,
+    eigh as eigh,
+    lstsq as lstsq,
+    norm as norm,
+    qr as qr,
+    cond as cond,
+    matrix_rank as matrix_rank,
+    multi_dot as multi_dot,
+)
+
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+
+__all__: list[str]
+__path__: list[str]
+test: PytestTester
+
+class LinAlgError(Exception): ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/lapack_lite.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/lapack_lite.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1e00858b938b63a153d8afa21b1c167161a0e5d
Binary files /dev/null and b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/lapack_lite.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so differ
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/linalg.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/linalg.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b838b9397024c028c1459e2e769e12d2fa767d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/linalg.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2836 @@
+"""Lite version of scipy.linalg.
+
+Notes
+-----
+This module is a lite version of the linalg.py module in SciPy which
+contains high-level Python interface to the LAPACK library.  The lite
+version only accesses the following LAPACK functions: dgesv, zgesv,
+dgeev, zgeev, dgesdd, zgesdd, dgelsd, zgelsd, dsyevd, zheevd, dgetrf,
+zgetrf, dpotrf, zpotrf, dgeqrf, zgeqrf, zungqr, dorgqr.
+"""
+
+__all__ = ['matrix_power', 'solve', 'tensorsolve', 'tensorinv', 'inv',
+           'cholesky', 'eigvals', 'eigvalsh', 'pinv', 'slogdet', 'det',
+           'svd', 'eig', 'eigh', 'lstsq', 'norm', 'qr', 'cond', 'matrix_rank',
+           'LinAlgError', 'multi_dot']
+
+import functools
+import operator
+import warnings
+from typing import NamedTuple, Any
+
+from .._utils import set_module
+from numpy.core import (
+    array, asarray, zeros, empty, empty_like, intc, single, double,
+    csingle, cdouble, inexact, complexfloating, newaxis, all, Inf, dot,
+    add, multiply, sqrt, sum, isfinite,
+    finfo, errstate, geterrobj, moveaxis, amin, amax, prod, abs,
+    atleast_2d, intp, asanyarray, object_, matmul,
+    swapaxes, divide, count_nonzero, isnan, sign, argsort, sort,
+    reciprocal
+)
+from numpy.core.multiarray import normalize_axis_index
+from numpy.core import overrides
+from numpy.lib.twodim_base import triu, eye
+from numpy.linalg import _umath_linalg
+
+from numpy._typing import NDArray
+
+class EigResult(NamedTuple):
+    eigenvalues: NDArray[Any]
+    eigenvectors: NDArray[Any]
+
+class EighResult(NamedTuple):
+    eigenvalues: NDArray[Any]
+    eigenvectors: NDArray[Any]
+
+class QRResult(NamedTuple):
+    Q: NDArray[Any]
+    R: NDArray[Any]
+
+class SlogdetResult(NamedTuple):
+    sign: NDArray[Any]
+    logabsdet: NDArray[Any]
+
+class SVDResult(NamedTuple):
+    U: NDArray[Any]
+    S: NDArray[Any]
+    Vh: NDArray[Any]
+
+array_function_dispatch = functools.partial(
+    overrides.array_function_dispatch, module='numpy.linalg')
+
+
+fortran_int = intc
+
+
+@set_module('numpy.linalg')
+class LinAlgError(ValueError):
+    """
+    Generic Python-exception-derived object raised by linalg functions.
+
+    General purpose exception class, derived from Python's ValueError
+    class, programmatically raised in linalg functions when a Linear
+    Algebra-related condition would prevent further correct execution of the
+    function.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    None
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy import linalg as LA
+    >>> LA.inv(np.zeros((2,2)))
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "", line 1, in 
+      File "...linalg.py", line 350,
+        in inv return wrap(solve(a, identity(a.shape[0], dtype=a.dtype)))
+      File "...linalg.py", line 249,
+        in solve
+        raise LinAlgError('Singular matrix')
+    numpy.linalg.LinAlgError: Singular matrix
+
+    """
+
+
+def _determine_error_states():
+    errobj = geterrobj()
+    bufsize = errobj[0]
+
+    with errstate(invalid='call', over='ignore',
+                  divide='ignore', under='ignore'):
+        invalid_call_errmask = geterrobj()[1]
+
+    return [bufsize, invalid_call_errmask, None]
+
+# Dealing with errors in _umath_linalg
+_linalg_error_extobj = _determine_error_states()
+del _determine_error_states
+
+def _raise_linalgerror_singular(err, flag):
+    raise LinAlgError("Singular matrix")
+
+def _raise_linalgerror_nonposdef(err, flag):
+    raise LinAlgError("Matrix is not positive definite")
+
+def _raise_linalgerror_eigenvalues_nonconvergence(err, flag):
+    raise LinAlgError("Eigenvalues did not converge")
+
+def _raise_linalgerror_svd_nonconvergence(err, flag):
+    raise LinAlgError("SVD did not converge")
+
+def _raise_linalgerror_lstsq(err, flag):
+    raise LinAlgError("SVD did not converge in Linear Least Squares")
+
+def _raise_linalgerror_qr(err, flag):
+    raise LinAlgError("Incorrect argument found while performing "
+                      "QR factorization")
+
+def get_linalg_error_extobj(callback):
+    extobj = list(_linalg_error_extobj)  # make a copy
+    extobj[2] = callback
+    return extobj
+
+def _makearray(a):
+    new = asarray(a)
+    wrap = getattr(a, "__array_prepare__", new.__array_wrap__)
+    return new, wrap
+
+def isComplexType(t):
+    return issubclass(t, complexfloating)
+
+_real_types_map = {single : single,
+                   double : double,
+                   csingle : single,
+                   cdouble : double}
+
+_complex_types_map = {single : csingle,
+                      double : cdouble,
+                      csingle : csingle,
+                      cdouble : cdouble}
+
+def _realType(t, default=double):
+    return _real_types_map.get(t, default)
+
+def _complexType(t, default=cdouble):
+    return _complex_types_map.get(t, default)
+
+def _commonType(*arrays):
+    # in lite version, use higher precision (always double or cdouble)
+    result_type = single
+    is_complex = False
+    for a in arrays:
+        type_ = a.dtype.type
+        if issubclass(type_, inexact):
+            if isComplexType(type_):
+                is_complex = True
+            rt = _realType(type_, default=None)
+            if rt is double:
+                result_type = double
+            elif rt is None:
+                # unsupported inexact scalar
+                raise TypeError("array type %s is unsupported in linalg" %
+                        (a.dtype.name,))
+        else:
+            result_type = double
+    if is_complex:
+        result_type = _complex_types_map[result_type]
+        return cdouble, result_type
+    else:
+        return double, result_type
+
+
+def _to_native_byte_order(*arrays):
+    ret = []
+    for arr in arrays:
+        if arr.dtype.byteorder not in ('=', '|'):
+            ret.append(asarray(arr, dtype=arr.dtype.newbyteorder('=')))
+        else:
+            ret.append(arr)
+    if len(ret) == 1:
+        return ret[0]
+    else:
+        return ret
+
+
+def _assert_2d(*arrays):
+    for a in arrays:
+        if a.ndim != 2:
+            raise LinAlgError('%d-dimensional array given. Array must be '
+                    'two-dimensional' % a.ndim)
+
+def _assert_stacked_2d(*arrays):
+    for a in arrays:
+        if a.ndim < 2:
+            raise LinAlgError('%d-dimensional array given. Array must be '
+                    'at least two-dimensional' % a.ndim)
+
+def _assert_stacked_square(*arrays):
+    for a in arrays:
+        m, n = a.shape[-2:]
+        if m != n:
+            raise LinAlgError('Last 2 dimensions of the array must be square')
+
+def _assert_finite(*arrays):
+    for a in arrays:
+        if not isfinite(a).all():
+            raise LinAlgError("Array must not contain infs or NaNs")
+
+def _is_empty_2d(arr):
+    # check size first for efficiency
+    return arr.size == 0 and prod(arr.shape[-2:]) == 0
+
+
+def transpose(a):
+    """
+    Transpose each matrix in a stack of matrices.
+
+    Unlike np.transpose, this only swaps the last two axes, rather than all of
+    them
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (...,M,N) array_like
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    aT : (...,N,M) ndarray
+    """
+    return swapaxes(a, -1, -2)
+
+# Linear equations
+
+def _tensorsolve_dispatcher(a, b, axes=None):
+    return (a, b)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_tensorsolve_dispatcher)
+def tensorsolve(a, b, axes=None):
+    """
+    Solve the tensor equation ``a x = b`` for x.
+
+    It is assumed that all indices of `x` are summed over in the product,
+    together with the rightmost indices of `a`, as is done in, for example,
+    ``tensordot(a, x, axes=x.ndim)``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Coefficient tensor, of shape ``b.shape + Q``. `Q`, a tuple, equals
+        the shape of that sub-tensor of `a` consisting of the appropriate
+        number of its rightmost indices, and must be such that
+        ``prod(Q) == prod(b.shape)`` (in which sense `a` is said to be
+        'square').
+    b : array_like
+        Right-hand tensor, which can be of any shape.
+    axes : tuple of ints, optional
+        Axes in `a` to reorder to the right, before inversion.
+        If None (default), no reordering is done.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    x : ndarray, shape Q
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If `a` is singular or not 'square' (in the above sense).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.tensordot, tensorinv, numpy.einsum
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.eye(2*3*4)
+    >>> a.shape = (2*3, 4, 2, 3, 4)
+    >>> b = np.random.randn(2*3, 4)
+    >>> x = np.linalg.tensorsolve(a, b)
+    >>> x.shape
+    (2, 3, 4)
+    >>> np.allclose(np.tensordot(a, x, axes=3), b)
+    True
+
+    """
+    a, wrap = _makearray(a)
+    b = asarray(b)
+    an = a.ndim
+
+    if axes is not None:
+        allaxes = list(range(0, an))
+        for k in axes:
+            allaxes.remove(k)
+            allaxes.insert(an, k)
+        a = a.transpose(allaxes)
+
+    oldshape = a.shape[-(an-b.ndim):]
+    prod = 1
+    for k in oldshape:
+        prod *= k
+
+    if a.size != prod ** 2:
+        raise LinAlgError(
+            "Input arrays must satisfy the requirement \
+            prod(a.shape[b.ndim:]) == prod(a.shape[:b.ndim])"
+        )
+
+    a = a.reshape(prod, prod)
+    b = b.ravel()
+    res = wrap(solve(a, b))
+    res.shape = oldshape
+    return res
+
+
+def _solve_dispatcher(a, b):
+    return (a, b)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_solve_dispatcher)
+def solve(a, b):
+    """
+    Solve a linear matrix equation, or system of linear scalar equations.
+
+    Computes the "exact" solution, `x`, of the well-determined, i.e., full
+    rank, linear matrix equation `ax = b`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, M) array_like
+        Coefficient matrix.
+    b : {(..., M,), (..., M, K)}, array_like
+        Ordinate or "dependent variable" values.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    x : {(..., M,), (..., M, K)} ndarray
+        Solution to the system a x = b.  Returned shape is identical to `b`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If `a` is singular or not square.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    scipy.linalg.solve : Similar function in SciPy.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Broadcasting rules apply, see the `numpy.linalg` documentation for
+    details.
+
+    The solutions are computed using LAPACK routine ``_gesv``.
+
+    `a` must be square and of full-rank, i.e., all rows (or, equivalently,
+    columns) must be linearly independent; if either is not true, use
+    `lstsq` for the least-squares best "solution" of the
+    system/equation.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] G. Strang, *Linear Algebra and Its Applications*, 2nd Ed., Orlando,
+           FL, Academic Press, Inc., 1980, pg. 22.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Solve the system of equations ``x0 + 2 * x1 = 1`` and ``3 * x0 + 5 * x1 = 2``:
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 5]])
+    >>> b = np.array([1, 2])
+    >>> x = np.linalg.solve(a, b)
+    >>> x
+    array([-1.,  1.])
+
+    Check that the solution is correct:
+
+    >>> np.allclose(np.dot(a, x), b)
+    True
+
+    """
+    a, _ = _makearray(a)
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    _assert_stacked_square(a)
+    b, wrap = _makearray(b)
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a, b)
+
+    # We use the b = (..., M,) logic, only if the number of extra dimensions
+    # match exactly
+    if b.ndim == a.ndim - 1:
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.solve1
+    else:
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.solve
+
+    signature = 'DD->D' if isComplexType(t) else 'dd->d'
+    extobj = get_linalg_error_extobj(_raise_linalgerror_singular)
+    r = gufunc(a, b, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+
+    return wrap(r.astype(result_t, copy=False))
+
+
+def _tensorinv_dispatcher(a, ind=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_tensorinv_dispatcher)
+def tensorinv(a, ind=2):
+    """
+    Compute the 'inverse' of an N-dimensional array.
+
+    The result is an inverse for `a` relative to the tensordot operation
+    ``tensordot(a, b, ind)``, i. e., up to floating-point accuracy,
+    ``tensordot(tensorinv(a), a, ind)`` is the "identity" tensor for the
+    tensordot operation.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Tensor to 'invert'. Its shape must be 'square', i. e.,
+        ``prod(a.shape[:ind]) == prod(a.shape[ind:])``.
+    ind : int, optional
+        Number of first indices that are involved in the inverse sum.
+        Must be a positive integer, default is 2.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    b : ndarray
+        `a`'s tensordot inverse, shape ``a.shape[ind:] + a.shape[:ind]``.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If `a` is singular or not 'square' (in the above sense).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.tensordot, tensorsolve
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.eye(4*6)
+    >>> a.shape = (4, 6, 8, 3)
+    >>> ainv = np.linalg.tensorinv(a, ind=2)
+    >>> ainv.shape
+    (8, 3, 4, 6)
+    >>> b = np.random.randn(4, 6)
+    >>> np.allclose(np.tensordot(ainv, b), np.linalg.tensorsolve(a, b))
+    True
+
+    >>> a = np.eye(4*6)
+    >>> a.shape = (24, 8, 3)
+    >>> ainv = np.linalg.tensorinv(a, ind=1)
+    >>> ainv.shape
+    (8, 3, 24)
+    >>> b = np.random.randn(24)
+    >>> np.allclose(np.tensordot(ainv, b, 1), np.linalg.tensorsolve(a, b))
+    True
+
+    """
+    a = asarray(a)
+    oldshape = a.shape
+    prod = 1
+    if ind > 0:
+        invshape = oldshape[ind:] + oldshape[:ind]
+        for k in oldshape[ind:]:
+            prod *= k
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid ind argument.")
+    a = a.reshape(prod, -1)
+    ia = inv(a)
+    return ia.reshape(*invshape)
+
+
+# Matrix inversion
+
+def _unary_dispatcher(a):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def inv(a):
+    """
+    Compute the (multiplicative) inverse of a matrix.
+
+    Given a square matrix `a`, return the matrix `ainv` satisfying
+    ``dot(a, ainv) = dot(ainv, a) = eye(a.shape[0])``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, M) array_like
+        Matrix to be inverted.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ainv : (..., M, M) ndarray or matrix
+        (Multiplicative) inverse of the matrix `a`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If `a` is not square or inversion fails.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    scipy.linalg.inv : Similar function in SciPy.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Broadcasting rules apply, see the `numpy.linalg` documentation for
+    details.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.linalg import inv
+    >>> a = np.array([[1., 2.], [3., 4.]])
+    >>> ainv = inv(a)
+    >>> np.allclose(np.dot(a, ainv), np.eye(2))
+    True
+    >>> np.allclose(np.dot(ainv, a), np.eye(2))
+    True
+
+    If a is a matrix object, then the return value is a matrix as well:
+
+    >>> ainv = inv(np.matrix(a))
+    >>> ainv
+    matrix([[-2. ,  1. ],
+            [ 1.5, -0.5]])
+
+    Inverses of several matrices can be computed at once:
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[[1., 2.], [3., 4.]], [[1, 3], [3, 5]]])
+    >>> inv(a)
+    array([[[-2.  ,  1.  ],
+            [ 1.5 , -0.5 ]],
+           [[-1.25,  0.75],
+            [ 0.75, -0.25]]])
+
+    """
+    a, wrap = _makearray(a)
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    _assert_stacked_square(a)
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a)
+
+    signature = 'D->D' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->d'
+    extobj = get_linalg_error_extobj(_raise_linalgerror_singular)
+    ainv = _umath_linalg.inv(a, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+    return wrap(ainv.astype(result_t, copy=False))
+
+
+def _matrix_power_dispatcher(a, n):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_matrix_power_dispatcher)
+def matrix_power(a, n):
+    """
+    Raise a square matrix to the (integer) power `n`.
+
+    For positive integers `n`, the power is computed by repeated matrix
+    squarings and matrix multiplications. If ``n == 0``, the identity matrix
+    of the same shape as M is returned. If ``n < 0``, the inverse
+    is computed and then raised to the ``abs(n)``.
+
+    .. note:: Stacks of object matrices are not currently supported.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, M) array_like
+        Matrix to be "powered".
+    n : int
+        The exponent can be any integer or long integer, positive,
+        negative, or zero.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    a**n : (..., M, M) ndarray or matrix object
+        The return value is the same shape and type as `M`;
+        if the exponent is positive or zero then the type of the
+        elements is the same as those of `M`. If the exponent is
+        negative the elements are floating-point.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        For matrices that are not square or that (for negative powers) cannot
+        be inverted numerically.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.linalg import matrix_power
+    >>> i = np.array([[0, 1], [-1, 0]]) # matrix equiv. of the imaginary unit
+    >>> matrix_power(i, 3) # should = -i
+    array([[ 0, -1],
+           [ 1,  0]])
+    >>> matrix_power(i, 0)
+    array([[1, 0],
+           [0, 1]])
+    >>> matrix_power(i, -3) # should = 1/(-i) = i, but w/ f.p. elements
+    array([[ 0.,  1.],
+           [-1.,  0.]])
+
+    Somewhat more sophisticated example
+
+    >>> q = np.zeros((4, 4))
+    >>> q[0:2, 0:2] = -i
+    >>> q[2:4, 2:4] = i
+    >>> q # one of the three quaternion units not equal to 1
+    array([[ 0., -1.,  0.,  0.],
+           [ 1.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
+           [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  1.],
+           [ 0.,  0., -1.,  0.]])
+    >>> matrix_power(q, 2) # = -np.eye(4)
+    array([[-1.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
+           [ 0., -1.,  0.,  0.],
+           [ 0.,  0., -1.,  0.],
+           [ 0.,  0.,  0., -1.]])
+
+    """
+    a = asanyarray(a)
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    _assert_stacked_square(a)
+
+    try:
+        n = operator.index(n)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        raise TypeError("exponent must be an integer") from e
+
+    # Fall back on dot for object arrays. Object arrays are not supported by
+    # the current implementation of matmul using einsum
+    if a.dtype != object:
+        fmatmul = matmul
+    elif a.ndim == 2:
+        fmatmul = dot
+    else:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "matrix_power not supported for stacks of object arrays")
+
+    if n == 0:
+        a = empty_like(a)
+        a[...] = eye(a.shape[-2], dtype=a.dtype)
+        return a
+
+    elif n < 0:
+        a = inv(a)
+        n = abs(n)
+
+    # short-cuts.
+    if n == 1:
+        return a
+
+    elif n == 2:
+        return fmatmul(a, a)
+
+    elif n == 3:
+        return fmatmul(fmatmul(a, a), a)
+
+    # Use binary decomposition to reduce the number of matrix multiplications.
+    # Here, we iterate over the bits of n, from LSB to MSB, raise `a` to
+    # increasing powers of 2, and multiply into the result as needed.
+    z = result = None
+    while n > 0:
+        z = a if z is None else fmatmul(z, z)
+        n, bit = divmod(n, 2)
+        if bit:
+            result = z if result is None else fmatmul(result, z)
+
+    return result
+
+
+# Cholesky decomposition
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def cholesky(a):
+    """
+    Cholesky decomposition.
+
+    Return the Cholesky decomposition, `L * L.H`, of the square matrix `a`,
+    where `L` is lower-triangular and .H is the conjugate transpose operator
+    (which is the ordinary transpose if `a` is real-valued).  `a` must be
+    Hermitian (symmetric if real-valued) and positive-definite. No
+    checking is performed to verify whether `a` is Hermitian or not.
+    In addition, only the lower-triangular and diagonal elements of `a`
+    are used. Only `L` is actually returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, M) array_like
+        Hermitian (symmetric if all elements are real), positive-definite
+        input matrix.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    L : (..., M, M) array_like
+        Lower-triangular Cholesky factor of `a`.  Returns a matrix object if
+        `a` is a matrix object.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+       If the decomposition fails, for example, if `a` is not
+       positive-definite.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    scipy.linalg.cholesky : Similar function in SciPy.
+    scipy.linalg.cholesky_banded : Cholesky decompose a banded Hermitian
+                                   positive-definite matrix.
+    scipy.linalg.cho_factor : Cholesky decomposition of a matrix, to use in
+                              `scipy.linalg.cho_solve`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Broadcasting rules apply, see the `numpy.linalg` documentation for
+    details.
+
+    The Cholesky decomposition is often used as a fast way of solving
+
+    .. math:: A \\mathbf{x} = \\mathbf{b}
+
+    (when `A` is both Hermitian/symmetric and positive-definite).
+
+    First, we solve for :math:`\\mathbf{y}` in
+
+    .. math:: L \\mathbf{y} = \\mathbf{b},
+
+    and then for :math:`\\mathbf{x}` in
+
+    .. math:: L.H \\mathbf{x} = \\mathbf{y}.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> A = np.array([[1,-2j],[2j,5]])
+    >>> A
+    array([[ 1.+0.j, -0.-2.j],
+           [ 0.+2.j,  5.+0.j]])
+    >>> L = np.linalg.cholesky(A)
+    >>> L
+    array([[1.+0.j, 0.+0.j],
+           [0.+2.j, 1.+0.j]])
+    >>> np.dot(L, L.T.conj()) # verify that L * L.H = A
+    array([[1.+0.j, 0.-2.j],
+           [0.+2.j, 5.+0.j]])
+    >>> A = [[1,-2j],[2j,5]] # what happens if A is only array_like?
+    >>> np.linalg.cholesky(A) # an ndarray object is returned
+    array([[1.+0.j, 0.+0.j],
+           [0.+2.j, 1.+0.j]])
+    >>> # But a matrix object is returned if A is a matrix object
+    >>> np.linalg.cholesky(np.matrix(A))
+    matrix([[ 1.+0.j,  0.+0.j],
+            [ 0.+2.j,  1.+0.j]])
+
+    """
+    extobj = get_linalg_error_extobj(_raise_linalgerror_nonposdef)
+    gufunc = _umath_linalg.cholesky_lo
+    a, wrap = _makearray(a)
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    _assert_stacked_square(a)
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a)
+    signature = 'D->D' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->d'
+    r = gufunc(a, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+    return wrap(r.astype(result_t, copy=False))
+
+
+# QR decomposition
+
+def _qr_dispatcher(a, mode=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_qr_dispatcher)
+def qr(a, mode='reduced'):
+    """
+    Compute the qr factorization of a matrix.
+
+    Factor the matrix `a` as *qr*, where `q` is orthonormal and `r` is
+    upper-triangular.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like, shape (..., M, N)
+        An array-like object with the dimensionality of at least 2.
+    mode : {'reduced', 'complete', 'r', 'raw'}, optional
+        If K = min(M, N), then
+
+        * 'reduced'  : returns Q, R with dimensions (..., M, K), (..., K, N) (default)
+        * 'complete' : returns Q, R with dimensions (..., M, M), (..., M, N)
+        * 'r'        : returns R only with dimensions (..., K, N)
+        * 'raw'      : returns h, tau with dimensions (..., N, M), (..., K,)
+
+        The options 'reduced', 'complete, and 'raw' are new in numpy 1.8,
+        see the notes for more information. The default is 'reduced', and to
+        maintain backward compatibility with earlier versions of numpy both
+        it and the old default 'full' can be omitted. Note that array h
+        returned in 'raw' mode is transposed for calling Fortran. The
+        'economic' mode is deprecated.  The modes 'full' and 'economic' may
+        be passed using only the first letter for backwards compatibility,
+        but all others must be spelled out. See the Notes for more
+        explanation.
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    When mode is 'reduced' or 'complete', the result will be a namedtuple with
+    the attributes `Q` and `R`.
+
+    Q : ndarray of float or complex, optional
+        A matrix with orthonormal columns. When mode = 'complete' the
+        result is an orthogonal/unitary matrix depending on whether or not
+        a is real/complex. The determinant may be either +/- 1 in that
+        case. In case the number of dimensions in the input array is
+        greater than 2 then a stack of the matrices with above properties
+        is returned.
+    R : ndarray of float or complex, optional
+        The upper-triangular matrix or a stack of upper-triangular
+        matrices if the number of dimensions in the input array is greater
+        than 2.
+    (h, tau) : ndarrays of np.double or np.cdouble, optional
+        The array h contains the Householder reflectors that generate q
+        along with r. The tau array contains scaling factors for the
+        reflectors. In the deprecated  'economic' mode only h is returned.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If factoring fails.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    scipy.linalg.qr : Similar function in SciPy.
+    scipy.linalg.rq : Compute RQ decomposition of a matrix.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This is an interface to the LAPACK routines ``dgeqrf``, ``zgeqrf``,
+    ``dorgqr``, and ``zungqr``.
+
+    For more information on the qr factorization, see for example:
+    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_factorization
+
+    Subclasses of `ndarray` are preserved except for the 'raw' mode. So if
+    `a` is of type `matrix`, all the return values will be matrices too.
+
+    New 'reduced', 'complete', and 'raw' options for mode were added in
+    NumPy 1.8.0 and the old option 'full' was made an alias of 'reduced'.  In
+    addition the options 'full' and 'economic' were deprecated.  Because
+    'full' was the previous default and 'reduced' is the new default,
+    backward compatibility can be maintained by letting `mode` default.
+    The 'raw' option was added so that LAPACK routines that can multiply
+    arrays by q using the Householder reflectors can be used. Note that in
+    this case the returned arrays are of type np.double or np.cdouble and
+    the h array is transposed to be FORTRAN compatible.  No routines using
+    the 'raw' return are currently exposed by numpy, but some are available
+    in lapack_lite and just await the necessary work.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.random.randn(9, 6)
+    >>> Q, R = np.linalg.qr(a)
+    >>> np.allclose(a, np.dot(Q, R))  # a does equal QR
+    True
+    >>> R2 = np.linalg.qr(a, mode='r')
+    >>> np.allclose(R, R2)  # mode='r' returns the same R as mode='full'
+    True
+    >>> a = np.random.normal(size=(3, 2, 2)) # Stack of 2 x 2 matrices as input
+    >>> Q, R = np.linalg.qr(a)
+    >>> Q.shape
+    (3, 2, 2)
+    >>> R.shape
+    (3, 2, 2)
+    >>> np.allclose(a, np.matmul(Q, R))
+    True
+
+    Example illustrating a common use of `qr`: solving of least squares
+    problems
+
+    What are the least-squares-best `m` and `y0` in ``y = y0 + mx`` for
+    the following data: {(0,1), (1,0), (1,2), (2,1)}. (Graph the points
+    and you'll see that it should be y0 = 0, m = 1.)  The answer is provided
+    by solving the over-determined matrix equation ``Ax = b``, where::
+
+      A = array([[0, 1], [1, 1], [1, 1], [2, 1]])
+      x = array([[y0], [m]])
+      b = array([[1], [0], [2], [1]])
+
+    If A = QR such that Q is orthonormal (which is always possible via
+    Gram-Schmidt), then ``x = inv(R) * (Q.T) * b``.  (In numpy practice,
+    however, we simply use `lstsq`.)
+
+    >>> A = np.array([[0, 1], [1, 1], [1, 1], [2, 1]])
+    >>> A
+    array([[0, 1],
+           [1, 1],
+           [1, 1],
+           [2, 1]])
+    >>> b = np.array([1, 2, 2, 3])
+    >>> Q, R = np.linalg.qr(A)
+    >>> p = np.dot(Q.T, b)
+    >>> np.dot(np.linalg.inv(R), p)
+    array([  1.,   1.])
+
+    """
+    if mode not in ('reduced', 'complete', 'r', 'raw'):
+        if mode in ('f', 'full'):
+            # 2013-04-01, 1.8
+            msg = "".join((
+                    "The 'full' option is deprecated in favor of 'reduced'.\n",
+                    "For backward compatibility let mode default."))
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            mode = 'reduced'
+        elif mode in ('e', 'economic'):
+            # 2013-04-01, 1.8
+            msg = "The 'economic' option is deprecated."
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            mode = 'economic'
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unrecognized mode '{mode}'")
+
+    a, wrap = _makearray(a)
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    m, n = a.shape[-2:]
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a)
+    a = a.astype(t, copy=True)
+    a = _to_native_byte_order(a)
+    mn = min(m, n)
+
+    if m <= n:
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.qr_r_raw_m
+    else:
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.qr_r_raw_n
+
+    signature = 'D->D' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->d'
+    extobj = get_linalg_error_extobj(_raise_linalgerror_qr)
+    tau = gufunc(a, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+
+    # handle modes that don't return q
+    if mode == 'r':
+        r = triu(a[..., :mn, :])
+        r = r.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+        return wrap(r)
+
+    if mode == 'raw':
+        q = transpose(a)
+        q = q.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+        tau = tau.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+        return wrap(q), tau
+
+    if mode == 'economic':
+        a = a.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+        return wrap(a)
+
+    # mc is the number of columns in the resulting q
+    # matrix. If the mode is complete then it is
+    # same as number of rows, and if the mode is reduced,
+    # then it is the minimum of number of rows and columns.
+    if mode == 'complete' and m > n:
+        mc = m
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.qr_complete
+    else:
+        mc = mn
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.qr_reduced
+
+    signature = 'DD->D' if isComplexType(t) else 'dd->d'
+    extobj = get_linalg_error_extobj(_raise_linalgerror_qr)
+    q = gufunc(a, tau, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+    r = triu(a[..., :mc, :])
+
+    q = q.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+    r = r.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+
+    return QRResult(wrap(q), wrap(r))
+
+# Eigenvalues
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def eigvals(a):
+    """
+    Compute the eigenvalues of a general matrix.
+
+    Main difference between `eigvals` and `eig`: the eigenvectors aren't
+    returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, M) array_like
+        A complex- or real-valued matrix whose eigenvalues will be computed.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    w : (..., M,) ndarray
+        The eigenvalues, each repeated according to its multiplicity.
+        They are not necessarily ordered, nor are they necessarily
+        real for real matrices.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If the eigenvalue computation does not converge.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    eig : eigenvalues and right eigenvectors of general arrays
+    eigvalsh : eigenvalues of real symmetric or complex Hermitian
+               (conjugate symmetric) arrays.
+    eigh : eigenvalues and eigenvectors of real symmetric or complex
+           Hermitian (conjugate symmetric) arrays.
+    scipy.linalg.eigvals : Similar function in SciPy.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Broadcasting rules apply, see the `numpy.linalg` documentation for
+    details.
+
+    This is implemented using the ``_geev`` LAPACK routines which compute
+    the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of general square arrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Illustration, using the fact that the eigenvalues of a diagonal matrix
+    are its diagonal elements, that multiplying a matrix on the left
+    by an orthogonal matrix, `Q`, and on the right by `Q.T` (the transpose
+    of `Q`), preserves the eigenvalues of the "middle" matrix.  In other words,
+    if `Q` is orthogonal, then ``Q * A * Q.T`` has the same eigenvalues as
+    ``A``:
+
+    >>> from numpy import linalg as LA
+    >>> x = np.random.random()
+    >>> Q = np.array([[np.cos(x), -np.sin(x)], [np.sin(x), np.cos(x)]])
+    >>> LA.norm(Q[0, :]), LA.norm(Q[1, :]), np.dot(Q[0, :],Q[1, :])
+    (1.0, 1.0, 0.0)
+
+    Now multiply a diagonal matrix by ``Q`` on one side and by ``Q.T`` on the other:
+
+    >>> D = np.diag((-1,1))
+    >>> LA.eigvals(D)
+    array([-1.,  1.])
+    >>> A = np.dot(Q, D)
+    >>> A = np.dot(A, Q.T)
+    >>> LA.eigvals(A)
+    array([ 1., -1.]) # random
+
+    """
+    a, wrap = _makearray(a)
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    _assert_stacked_square(a)
+    _assert_finite(a)
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a)
+
+    extobj = get_linalg_error_extobj(
+        _raise_linalgerror_eigenvalues_nonconvergence)
+    signature = 'D->D' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->D'
+    w = _umath_linalg.eigvals(a, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+
+    if not isComplexType(t):
+        if all(w.imag == 0):
+            w = w.real
+            result_t = _realType(result_t)
+        else:
+            result_t = _complexType(result_t)
+
+    return w.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+
+
+def _eigvalsh_dispatcher(a, UPLO=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_eigvalsh_dispatcher)
+def eigvalsh(a, UPLO='L'):
+    """
+    Compute the eigenvalues of a complex Hermitian or real symmetric matrix.
+
+    Main difference from eigh: the eigenvectors are not computed.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, M) array_like
+        A complex- or real-valued matrix whose eigenvalues are to be
+        computed.
+    UPLO : {'L', 'U'}, optional
+        Specifies whether the calculation is done with the lower triangular
+        part of `a` ('L', default) or the upper triangular part ('U').
+        Irrespective of this value only the real parts of the diagonal will
+        be considered in the computation to preserve the notion of a Hermitian
+        matrix. It therefore follows that the imaginary part of the diagonal
+        will always be treated as zero.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    w : (..., M,) ndarray
+        The eigenvalues in ascending order, each repeated according to
+        its multiplicity.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If the eigenvalue computation does not converge.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    eigh : eigenvalues and eigenvectors of real symmetric or complex Hermitian
+           (conjugate symmetric) arrays.
+    eigvals : eigenvalues of general real or complex arrays.
+    eig : eigenvalues and right eigenvectors of general real or complex
+          arrays.
+    scipy.linalg.eigvalsh : Similar function in SciPy.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Broadcasting rules apply, see the `numpy.linalg` documentation for
+    details.
+
+    The eigenvalues are computed using LAPACK routines ``_syevd``, ``_heevd``.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy import linalg as LA
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, -2j], [2j, 5]])
+    >>> LA.eigvalsh(a)
+    array([ 0.17157288,  5.82842712]) # may vary
+
+    >>> # demonstrate the treatment of the imaginary part of the diagonal
+    >>> a = np.array([[5+2j, 9-2j], [0+2j, 2-1j]])
+    >>> a
+    array([[5.+2.j, 9.-2.j],
+           [0.+2.j, 2.-1.j]])
+    >>> # with UPLO='L' this is numerically equivalent to using LA.eigvals()
+    >>> # with:
+    >>> b = np.array([[5.+0.j, 0.-2.j], [0.+2.j, 2.-0.j]])
+    >>> b
+    array([[5.+0.j, 0.-2.j],
+           [0.+2.j, 2.+0.j]])
+    >>> wa = LA.eigvalsh(a)
+    >>> wb = LA.eigvals(b)
+    >>> wa; wb
+    array([1., 6.])
+    array([6.+0.j, 1.+0.j])
+
+    """
+    UPLO = UPLO.upper()
+    if UPLO not in ('L', 'U'):
+        raise ValueError("UPLO argument must be 'L' or 'U'")
+
+    extobj = get_linalg_error_extobj(
+        _raise_linalgerror_eigenvalues_nonconvergence)
+    if UPLO == 'L':
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.eigvalsh_lo
+    else:
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.eigvalsh_up
+
+    a, wrap = _makearray(a)
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    _assert_stacked_square(a)
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a)
+    signature = 'D->d' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->d'
+    w = gufunc(a, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+    return w.astype(_realType(result_t), copy=False)
+
+def _convertarray(a):
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a)
+    a = a.astype(t).T.copy()
+    return a, t, result_t
+
+
+# Eigenvectors
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def eig(a):
+    """
+    Compute the eigenvalues and right eigenvectors of a square array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, M) array
+        Matrices for which the eigenvalues and right eigenvectors will
+        be computed
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A namedtuple with the following attributes:
+
+    eigenvalues : (..., M) array
+        The eigenvalues, each repeated according to its multiplicity.
+        The eigenvalues are not necessarily ordered. The resulting
+        array will be of complex type, unless the imaginary part is
+        zero in which case it will be cast to a real type. When `a`
+        is real the resulting eigenvalues will be real (0 imaginary
+        part) or occur in conjugate pairs
+
+    eigenvectors : (..., M, M) array
+        The normalized (unit "length") eigenvectors, such that the
+        column ``eigenvectors[:,i]`` is the eigenvector corresponding to the
+        eigenvalue ``eigenvalues[i]``.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If the eigenvalue computation does not converge.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    eigvals : eigenvalues of a non-symmetric array.
+    eigh : eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real symmetric or complex
+           Hermitian (conjugate symmetric) array.
+    eigvalsh : eigenvalues of a real symmetric or complex Hermitian
+               (conjugate symmetric) array.
+    scipy.linalg.eig : Similar function in SciPy that also solves the
+                       generalized eigenvalue problem.
+    scipy.linalg.schur : Best choice for unitary and other non-Hermitian
+                         normal matrices.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Broadcasting rules apply, see the `numpy.linalg` documentation for
+    details.
+
+    This is implemented using the ``_geev`` LAPACK routines which compute
+    the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of general square arrays.
+
+    The number `w` is an eigenvalue of `a` if there exists a vector `v` such
+    that ``a @ v = w * v``. Thus, the arrays `a`, `eigenvalues`, and
+    `eigenvectors` satisfy the equations ``a @ eigenvectors[:,i] =
+    eigenvalues[i] * eigenvalues[:,i]`` for :math:`i \\in \\{0,...,M-1\\}`.
+
+    The array `eigenvectors` may not be of maximum rank, that is, some of the
+    columns may be linearly dependent, although round-off error may obscure
+    that fact. If the eigenvalues are all different, then theoretically the
+    eigenvectors are linearly independent and `a` can be diagonalized by a
+    similarity transformation using `eigenvectors`, i.e, ``inv(eigenvectors) @
+    a @ eigenvectors`` is diagonal.
+
+    For non-Hermitian normal matrices the SciPy function `scipy.linalg.schur`
+    is preferred because the matrix `eigenvectors` is guaranteed to be
+    unitary, which is not the case when using `eig`. The Schur factorization
+    produces an upper triangular matrix rather than a diagonal matrix, but for
+    normal matrices only the diagonal of the upper triangular matrix is
+    needed, the rest is roundoff error.
+
+    Finally, it is emphasized that `eigenvectors` consists of the *right* (as
+    in right-hand side) eigenvectors of `a`. A vector `y` satisfying ``y.T @ a
+    = z * y.T`` for some number `z` is called a *left* eigenvector of `a`,
+    and, in general, the left and right eigenvectors of a matrix are not
+    necessarily the (perhaps conjugate) transposes of each other.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    G. Strang, *Linear Algebra and Its Applications*, 2nd Ed., Orlando, FL,
+    Academic Press, Inc., 1980, Various pp.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy import linalg as LA
+
+    (Almost) trivial example with real eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
+
+    >>> eigenvalues, eigenvectors = LA.eig(np.diag((1, 2, 3)))
+    >>> eigenvalues
+    array([1., 2., 3.])
+    >>> eigenvectors
+    array([[1., 0., 0.],
+           [0., 1., 0.],
+           [0., 0., 1.]])
+
+    Real matrix possessing complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors; note that the
+    eigenvalues are complex conjugates of each other.
+
+    >>> eigenvalues, eigenvectors = LA.eig(np.array([[1, -1], [1, 1]]))
+    >>> eigenvalues
+    array([1.+1.j, 1.-1.j])
+    >>> eigenvectors
+    array([[0.70710678+0.j        , 0.70710678-0.j        ],
+           [0.        -0.70710678j, 0.        +0.70710678j]])
+
+    Complex-valued matrix with real eigenvalues (but complex-valued eigenvectors);
+    note that ``a.conj().T == a``, i.e., `a` is Hermitian.
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 1j], [-1j, 1]])
+    >>> eigenvalues, eigenvectors = LA.eig(a)
+    >>> eigenvalues
+    array([2.+0.j, 0.+0.j])
+    >>> eigenvectors
+    array([[ 0.        +0.70710678j,  0.70710678+0.j        ], # may vary
+           [ 0.70710678+0.j        , -0.        +0.70710678j]])
+
+    Be careful about round-off error!
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[1 + 1e-9, 0], [0, 1 - 1e-9]])
+    >>> # Theor. eigenvalues are 1 +/- 1e-9
+    >>> eigenvalues, eigenvectors = LA.eig(a)
+    >>> eigenvalues
+    array([1., 1.])
+    >>> eigenvectors
+    array([[1., 0.],
+           [0., 1.]])
+
+    """
+    a, wrap = _makearray(a)
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    _assert_stacked_square(a)
+    _assert_finite(a)
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a)
+
+    extobj = get_linalg_error_extobj(
+        _raise_linalgerror_eigenvalues_nonconvergence)
+    signature = 'D->DD' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->DD'
+    w, vt = _umath_linalg.eig(a, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+
+    if not isComplexType(t) and all(w.imag == 0.0):
+        w = w.real
+        vt = vt.real
+        result_t = _realType(result_t)
+    else:
+        result_t = _complexType(result_t)
+
+    vt = vt.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+    return EigResult(w.astype(result_t, copy=False), wrap(vt))
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_eigvalsh_dispatcher)
+def eigh(a, UPLO='L'):
+    """
+    Return the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a complex Hermitian
+    (conjugate symmetric) or a real symmetric matrix.
+
+    Returns two objects, a 1-D array containing the eigenvalues of `a`, and
+    a 2-D square array or matrix (depending on the input type) of the
+    corresponding eigenvectors (in columns).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, M) array
+        Hermitian or real symmetric matrices whose eigenvalues and
+        eigenvectors are to be computed.
+    UPLO : {'L', 'U'}, optional
+        Specifies whether the calculation is done with the lower triangular
+        part of `a` ('L', default) or the upper triangular part ('U').
+        Irrespective of this value only the real parts of the diagonal will
+        be considered in the computation to preserve the notion of a Hermitian
+        matrix. It therefore follows that the imaginary part of the diagonal
+        will always be treated as zero.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A namedtuple with the following attributes:
+
+    eigenvalues : (..., M) ndarray
+        The eigenvalues in ascending order, each repeated according to
+        its multiplicity.
+    eigenvectors : {(..., M, M) ndarray, (..., M, M) matrix}
+        The column ``eigenvectors[:, i]`` is the normalized eigenvector
+        corresponding to the eigenvalue ``eigenvalues[i]``.  Will return a
+        matrix object if `a` is a matrix object.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If the eigenvalue computation does not converge.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    eigvalsh : eigenvalues of real symmetric or complex Hermitian
+               (conjugate symmetric) arrays.
+    eig : eigenvalues and right eigenvectors for non-symmetric arrays.
+    eigvals : eigenvalues of non-symmetric arrays.
+    scipy.linalg.eigh : Similar function in SciPy (but also solves the
+                        generalized eigenvalue problem).
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Broadcasting rules apply, see the `numpy.linalg` documentation for
+    details.
+
+    The eigenvalues/eigenvectors are computed using LAPACK routines ``_syevd``,
+    ``_heevd``.
+
+    The eigenvalues of real symmetric or complex Hermitian matrices are always
+    real. [1]_ The array `eigenvalues` of (column) eigenvectors is unitary and
+    `a`, `eigenvalues`, and `eigenvectors` satisfy the equations ``dot(a,
+    eigenvectors[:, i]) = eigenvalues[i] * eigenvectors[:, i]``.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] G. Strang, *Linear Algebra and Its Applications*, 2nd Ed., Orlando,
+           FL, Academic Press, Inc., 1980, pg. 222.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy import linalg as LA
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, -2j], [2j, 5]])
+    >>> a
+    array([[ 1.+0.j, -0.-2.j],
+           [ 0.+2.j,  5.+0.j]])
+    >>> eigenvalues, eigenvectors = LA.eigh(a)
+    >>> eigenvalues
+    array([0.17157288, 5.82842712])
+    >>> eigenvectors
+    array([[-0.92387953+0.j        , -0.38268343+0.j        ], # may vary
+           [ 0.        +0.38268343j,  0.        -0.92387953j]])
+
+    >>> np.dot(a, eigenvectors[:, 0]) - eigenvalues[0] * eigenvectors[:, 0] # verify 1st eigenval/vec pair
+    array([5.55111512e-17+0.0000000e+00j, 0.00000000e+00+1.2490009e-16j])
+    >>> np.dot(a, eigenvectors[:, 1]) - eigenvalues[1] * eigenvectors[:, 1] # verify 2nd eigenval/vec pair
+    array([0.+0.j, 0.+0.j])
+
+    >>> A = np.matrix(a) # what happens if input is a matrix object
+    >>> A
+    matrix([[ 1.+0.j, -0.-2.j],
+            [ 0.+2.j,  5.+0.j]])
+    >>> eigenvalues, eigenvectors = LA.eigh(A)
+    >>> eigenvalues
+    array([0.17157288, 5.82842712])
+    >>> eigenvectors
+    matrix([[-0.92387953+0.j        , -0.38268343+0.j        ], # may vary
+            [ 0.        +0.38268343j,  0.        -0.92387953j]])
+
+    >>> # demonstrate the treatment of the imaginary part of the diagonal
+    >>> a = np.array([[5+2j, 9-2j], [0+2j, 2-1j]])
+    >>> a
+    array([[5.+2.j, 9.-2.j],
+           [0.+2.j, 2.-1.j]])
+    >>> # with UPLO='L' this is numerically equivalent to using LA.eig() with:
+    >>> b = np.array([[5.+0.j, 0.-2.j], [0.+2.j, 2.-0.j]])
+    >>> b
+    array([[5.+0.j, 0.-2.j],
+           [0.+2.j, 2.+0.j]])
+    >>> wa, va = LA.eigh(a)
+    >>> wb, vb = LA.eig(b)
+    >>> wa; wb
+    array([1., 6.])
+    array([6.+0.j, 1.+0.j])
+    >>> va; vb
+    array([[-0.4472136 +0.j        , -0.89442719+0.j        ], # may vary
+           [ 0.        +0.89442719j,  0.        -0.4472136j ]])
+    array([[ 0.89442719+0.j       , -0.        +0.4472136j],
+           [-0.        +0.4472136j,  0.89442719+0.j       ]])
+
+    """
+    UPLO = UPLO.upper()
+    if UPLO not in ('L', 'U'):
+        raise ValueError("UPLO argument must be 'L' or 'U'")
+
+    a, wrap = _makearray(a)
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    _assert_stacked_square(a)
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a)
+
+    extobj = get_linalg_error_extobj(
+        _raise_linalgerror_eigenvalues_nonconvergence)
+    if UPLO == 'L':
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.eigh_lo
+    else:
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.eigh_up
+
+    signature = 'D->dD' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->dd'
+    w, vt = gufunc(a, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+    w = w.astype(_realType(result_t), copy=False)
+    vt = vt.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+    return EighResult(w, wrap(vt))
+
+
+# Singular value decomposition
+
+def _svd_dispatcher(a, full_matrices=None, compute_uv=None, hermitian=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_svd_dispatcher)
+def svd(a, full_matrices=True, compute_uv=True, hermitian=False):
+    """
+    Singular Value Decomposition.
+
+    When `a` is a 2D array, and ``full_matrices=False``, then it is
+    factorized as ``u @ np.diag(s) @ vh = (u * s) @ vh``, where
+    `u` and the Hermitian transpose of `vh` are 2D arrays with
+    orthonormal columns and `s` is a 1D array of `a`'s singular
+    values. When `a` is higher-dimensional, SVD is applied in
+    stacked mode as explained below.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, N) array_like
+        A real or complex array with ``a.ndim >= 2``.
+    full_matrices : bool, optional
+        If True (default), `u` and `vh` have the shapes ``(..., M, M)`` and
+        ``(..., N, N)``, respectively.  Otherwise, the shapes are
+        ``(..., M, K)`` and ``(..., K, N)``, respectively, where
+        ``K = min(M, N)``.
+    compute_uv : bool, optional
+        Whether or not to compute `u` and `vh` in addition to `s`.  True
+        by default.
+    hermitian : bool, optional
+        If True, `a` is assumed to be Hermitian (symmetric if real-valued),
+        enabling a more efficient method for finding singular values.
+        Defaults to False.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.17.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    When `compute_uv` is True, the result is a namedtuple with the following
+    attribute names:
+
+    U : { (..., M, M), (..., M, K) } array
+        Unitary array(s). The first ``a.ndim - 2`` dimensions have the same
+        size as those of the input `a`. The size of the last two dimensions
+        depends on the value of `full_matrices`. Only returned when
+        `compute_uv` is True.
+    S : (..., K) array
+        Vector(s) with the singular values, within each vector sorted in
+        descending order. The first ``a.ndim - 2`` dimensions have the same
+        size as those of the input `a`.
+    Vh : { (..., N, N), (..., K, N) } array
+        Unitary array(s). The first ``a.ndim - 2`` dimensions have the same
+        size as those of the input `a`. The size of the last two dimensions
+        depends on the value of `full_matrices`. Only returned when
+        `compute_uv` is True.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If SVD computation does not converge.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    scipy.linalg.svd : Similar function in SciPy.
+    scipy.linalg.svdvals : Compute singular values of a matrix.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.8.0
+       Broadcasting rules apply, see the `numpy.linalg` documentation for
+       details.
+
+    The decomposition is performed using LAPACK routine ``_gesdd``.
+
+    SVD is usually described for the factorization of a 2D matrix :math:`A`.
+    The higher-dimensional case will be discussed below. In the 2D case, SVD is
+    written as :math:`A = U S V^H`, where :math:`A = a`, :math:`U= u`,
+    :math:`S= \\mathtt{np.diag}(s)` and :math:`V^H = vh`. The 1D array `s`
+    contains the singular values of `a` and `u` and `vh` are unitary. The rows
+    of `vh` are the eigenvectors of :math:`A^H A` and the columns of `u` are
+    the eigenvectors of :math:`A A^H`. In both cases the corresponding
+    (possibly non-zero) eigenvalues are given by ``s**2``.
+
+    If `a` has more than two dimensions, then broadcasting rules apply, as
+    explained in :ref:`routines.linalg-broadcasting`. This means that SVD is
+    working in "stacked" mode: it iterates over all indices of the first
+    ``a.ndim - 2`` dimensions and for each combination SVD is applied to the
+    last two indices. The matrix `a` can be reconstructed from the
+    decomposition with either ``(u * s[..., None, :]) @ vh`` or
+    ``u @ (s[..., None] * vh)``. (The ``@`` operator can be replaced by the
+    function ``np.matmul`` for python versions below 3.5.)
+
+    If `a` is a ``matrix`` object (as opposed to an ``ndarray``), then so are
+    all the return values.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.random.randn(9, 6) + 1j*np.random.randn(9, 6)
+    >>> b = np.random.randn(2, 7, 8, 3) + 1j*np.random.randn(2, 7, 8, 3)
+
+    Reconstruction based on full SVD, 2D case:
+
+    >>> U, S, Vh = np.linalg.svd(a, full_matrices=True)
+    >>> U.shape, S.shape, Vh.shape
+    ((9, 9), (6,), (6, 6))
+    >>> np.allclose(a, np.dot(U[:, :6] * S, Vh))
+    True
+    >>> smat = np.zeros((9, 6), dtype=complex)
+    >>> smat[:6, :6] = np.diag(S)
+    >>> np.allclose(a, np.dot(U, np.dot(smat, Vh)))
+    True
+
+    Reconstruction based on reduced SVD, 2D case:
+
+    >>> U, S, Vh = np.linalg.svd(a, full_matrices=False)
+    >>> U.shape, S.shape, Vh.shape
+    ((9, 6), (6,), (6, 6))
+    >>> np.allclose(a, np.dot(U * S, Vh))
+    True
+    >>> smat = np.diag(S)
+    >>> np.allclose(a, np.dot(U, np.dot(smat, Vh)))
+    True
+
+    Reconstruction based on full SVD, 4D case:
+
+    >>> U, S, Vh = np.linalg.svd(b, full_matrices=True)
+    >>> U.shape, S.shape, Vh.shape
+    ((2, 7, 8, 8), (2, 7, 3), (2, 7, 3, 3))
+    >>> np.allclose(b, np.matmul(U[..., :3] * S[..., None, :], Vh))
+    True
+    >>> np.allclose(b, np.matmul(U[..., :3], S[..., None] * Vh))
+    True
+
+    Reconstruction based on reduced SVD, 4D case:
+
+    >>> U, S, Vh = np.linalg.svd(b, full_matrices=False)
+    >>> U.shape, S.shape, Vh.shape
+    ((2, 7, 8, 3), (2, 7, 3), (2, 7, 3, 3))
+    >>> np.allclose(b, np.matmul(U * S[..., None, :], Vh))
+    True
+    >>> np.allclose(b, np.matmul(U, S[..., None] * Vh))
+    True
+
+    """
+    import numpy as _nx
+    a, wrap = _makearray(a)
+
+    if hermitian:
+        # note: lapack svd returns eigenvalues with s ** 2 sorted descending,
+        # but eig returns s sorted ascending, so we re-order the eigenvalues
+        # and related arrays to have the correct order
+        if compute_uv:
+            s, u = eigh(a)
+            sgn = sign(s)
+            s = abs(s)
+            sidx = argsort(s)[..., ::-1]
+            sgn = _nx.take_along_axis(sgn, sidx, axis=-1)
+            s = _nx.take_along_axis(s, sidx, axis=-1)
+            u = _nx.take_along_axis(u, sidx[..., None, :], axis=-1)
+            # singular values are unsigned, move the sign into v
+            vt = transpose(u * sgn[..., None, :]).conjugate()
+            return SVDResult(wrap(u), s, wrap(vt))
+        else:
+            s = eigvalsh(a)
+            s = abs(s)
+            return sort(s)[..., ::-1]
+
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a)
+
+    extobj = get_linalg_error_extobj(_raise_linalgerror_svd_nonconvergence)
+
+    m, n = a.shape[-2:]
+    if compute_uv:
+        if full_matrices:
+            if m < n:
+                gufunc = _umath_linalg.svd_m_f
+            else:
+                gufunc = _umath_linalg.svd_n_f
+        else:
+            if m < n:
+                gufunc = _umath_linalg.svd_m_s
+            else:
+                gufunc = _umath_linalg.svd_n_s
+
+        signature = 'D->DdD' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->ddd'
+        u, s, vh = gufunc(a, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+        u = u.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+        s = s.astype(_realType(result_t), copy=False)
+        vh = vh.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+        return SVDResult(wrap(u), s, wrap(vh))
+    else:
+        if m < n:
+            gufunc = _umath_linalg.svd_m
+        else:
+            gufunc = _umath_linalg.svd_n
+
+        signature = 'D->d' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->d'
+        s = gufunc(a, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+        s = s.astype(_realType(result_t), copy=False)
+        return s
+
+
+def _cond_dispatcher(x, p=None):
+    return (x,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_cond_dispatcher)
+def cond(x, p=None):
+    """
+    Compute the condition number of a matrix.
+
+    This function is capable of returning the condition number using
+    one of seven different norms, depending on the value of `p` (see
+    Parameters below).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : (..., M, N) array_like
+        The matrix whose condition number is sought.
+    p : {None, 1, -1, 2, -2, inf, -inf, 'fro'}, optional
+        Order of the norm used in the condition number computation:
+
+        =====  ============================
+        p      norm for matrices
+        =====  ============================
+        None   2-norm, computed directly using the ``SVD``
+        'fro'  Frobenius norm
+        inf    max(sum(abs(x), axis=1))
+        -inf   min(sum(abs(x), axis=1))
+        1      max(sum(abs(x), axis=0))
+        -1     min(sum(abs(x), axis=0))
+        2      2-norm (largest sing. value)
+        -2     smallest singular value
+        =====  ============================
+
+        inf means the `numpy.inf` object, and the Frobenius norm is
+        the root-of-sum-of-squares norm.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    c : {float, inf}
+        The condition number of the matrix. May be infinite.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.linalg.norm
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The condition number of `x` is defined as the norm of `x` times the
+    norm of the inverse of `x` [1]_; the norm can be the usual L2-norm
+    (root-of-sum-of-squares) or one of a number of other matrix norms.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] G. Strang, *Linear Algebra and Its Applications*, Orlando, FL,
+           Academic Press, Inc., 1980, pg. 285.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy import linalg as LA
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 0, -1], [0, 1, 0], [1, 0, 1]])
+    >>> a
+    array([[ 1,  0, -1],
+           [ 0,  1,  0],
+           [ 1,  0,  1]])
+    >>> LA.cond(a)
+    1.4142135623730951
+    >>> LA.cond(a, 'fro')
+    3.1622776601683795
+    >>> LA.cond(a, np.inf)
+    2.0
+    >>> LA.cond(a, -np.inf)
+    1.0
+    >>> LA.cond(a, 1)
+    2.0
+    >>> LA.cond(a, -1)
+    1.0
+    >>> LA.cond(a, 2)
+    1.4142135623730951
+    >>> LA.cond(a, -2)
+    0.70710678118654746 # may vary
+    >>> min(LA.svd(a, compute_uv=False))*min(LA.svd(LA.inv(a), compute_uv=False))
+    0.70710678118654746 # may vary
+
+    """
+    x = asarray(x)  # in case we have a matrix
+    if _is_empty_2d(x):
+        raise LinAlgError("cond is not defined on empty arrays")
+    if p is None or p == 2 or p == -2:
+        s = svd(x, compute_uv=False)
+        with errstate(all='ignore'):
+            if p == -2:
+                r = s[..., -1] / s[..., 0]
+            else:
+                r = s[..., 0] / s[..., -1]
+    else:
+        # Call inv(x) ignoring errors. The result array will
+        # contain nans in the entries where inversion failed.
+        _assert_stacked_2d(x)
+        _assert_stacked_square(x)
+        t, result_t = _commonType(x)
+        signature = 'D->D' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->d'
+        with errstate(all='ignore'):
+            invx = _umath_linalg.inv(x, signature=signature)
+            r = norm(x, p, axis=(-2, -1)) * norm(invx, p, axis=(-2, -1))
+        r = r.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+
+    # Convert nans to infs unless the original array had nan entries
+    r = asarray(r)
+    nan_mask = isnan(r)
+    if nan_mask.any():
+        nan_mask &= ~isnan(x).any(axis=(-2, -1))
+        if r.ndim > 0:
+            r[nan_mask] = Inf
+        elif nan_mask:
+            r[()] = Inf
+
+    # Convention is to return scalars instead of 0d arrays
+    if r.ndim == 0:
+        r = r[()]
+
+    return r
+
+
+def _matrix_rank_dispatcher(A, tol=None, hermitian=None):
+    return (A,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_matrix_rank_dispatcher)
+def matrix_rank(A, tol=None, hermitian=False):
+    """
+    Return matrix rank of array using SVD method
+
+    Rank of the array is the number of singular values of the array that are
+    greater than `tol`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.14
+       Can now operate on stacks of matrices
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    A : {(M,), (..., M, N)} array_like
+        Input vector or stack of matrices.
+    tol : (...) array_like, float, optional
+        Threshold below which SVD values are considered zero. If `tol` is
+        None, and ``S`` is an array with singular values for `M`, and
+        ``eps`` is the epsilon value for datatype of ``S``, then `tol` is
+        set to ``S.max() * max(M, N) * eps``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.14
+           Broadcasted against the stack of matrices
+    hermitian : bool, optional
+        If True, `A` is assumed to be Hermitian (symmetric if real-valued),
+        enabling a more efficient method for finding singular values.
+        Defaults to False.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.14
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    rank : (...) array_like
+        Rank of A.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The default threshold to detect rank deficiency is a test on the magnitude
+    of the singular values of `A`.  By default, we identify singular values less
+    than ``S.max() * max(M, N) * eps`` as indicating rank deficiency (with
+    the symbols defined above). This is the algorithm MATLAB uses [1].  It also
+    appears in *Numerical recipes* in the discussion of SVD solutions for linear
+    least squares [2].
+
+    This default threshold is designed to detect rank deficiency accounting for
+    the numerical errors of the SVD computation.  Imagine that there is a column
+    in `A` that is an exact (in floating point) linear combination of other
+    columns in `A`. Computing the SVD on `A` will not produce a singular value
+    exactly equal to 0 in general: any difference of the smallest SVD value from
+    0 will be caused by numerical imprecision in the calculation of the SVD.
+    Our threshold for small SVD values takes this numerical imprecision into
+    account, and the default threshold will detect such numerical rank
+    deficiency.  The threshold may declare a matrix `A` rank deficient even if
+    the linear combination of some columns of `A` is not exactly equal to
+    another column of `A` but only numerically very close to another column of
+    `A`.
+
+    We chose our default threshold because it is in wide use.  Other thresholds
+    are possible.  For example, elsewhere in the 2007 edition of *Numerical
+    recipes* there is an alternative threshold of ``S.max() *
+    np.finfo(A.dtype).eps / 2. * np.sqrt(m + n + 1.)``. The authors describe
+    this threshold as being based on "expected roundoff error" (p 71).
+
+    The thresholds above deal with floating point roundoff error in the
+    calculation of the SVD.  However, you may have more information about the
+    sources of error in `A` that would make you consider other tolerance values
+    to detect *effective* rank deficiency.  The most useful measure of the
+    tolerance depends on the operations you intend to use on your matrix.  For
+    example, if your data come from uncertain measurements with uncertainties
+    greater than floating point epsilon, choosing a tolerance near that
+    uncertainty may be preferable.  The tolerance may be absolute if the
+    uncertainties are absolute rather than relative.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] MATLAB reference documentation, "Rank"
+           https://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/ref/rank.html
+    .. [2] W. H. Press, S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling and B. P. Flannery,
+           "Numerical Recipes (3rd edition)", Cambridge University Press, 2007,
+           page 795.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.linalg import matrix_rank
+    >>> matrix_rank(np.eye(4)) # Full rank matrix
+    4
+    >>> I=np.eye(4); I[-1,-1] = 0. # rank deficient matrix
+    >>> matrix_rank(I)
+    3
+    >>> matrix_rank(np.ones((4,))) # 1 dimension - rank 1 unless all 0
+    1
+    >>> matrix_rank(np.zeros((4,)))
+    0
+    """
+    A = asarray(A)
+    if A.ndim < 2:
+        return int(not all(A==0))
+    S = svd(A, compute_uv=False, hermitian=hermitian)
+    if tol is None:
+        tol = S.max(axis=-1, keepdims=True) * max(A.shape[-2:]) * finfo(S.dtype).eps
+    else:
+        tol = asarray(tol)[..., newaxis]
+    return count_nonzero(S > tol, axis=-1)
+
+
+# Generalized inverse
+
+def _pinv_dispatcher(a, rcond=None, hermitian=None):
+    return (a,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_pinv_dispatcher)
+def pinv(a, rcond=1e-15, hermitian=False):
+    """
+    Compute the (Moore-Penrose) pseudo-inverse of a matrix.
+
+    Calculate the generalized inverse of a matrix using its
+    singular-value decomposition (SVD) and including all
+    *large* singular values.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.14
+       Can now operate on stacks of matrices
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, N) array_like
+        Matrix or stack of matrices to be pseudo-inverted.
+    rcond : (...) array_like of float
+        Cutoff for small singular values.
+        Singular values less than or equal to
+        ``rcond * largest_singular_value`` are set to zero.
+        Broadcasts against the stack of matrices.
+    hermitian : bool, optional
+        If True, `a` is assumed to be Hermitian (symmetric if real-valued),
+        enabling a more efficient method for finding singular values.
+        Defaults to False.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.17.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    B : (..., N, M) ndarray
+        The pseudo-inverse of `a`. If `a` is a `matrix` instance, then so
+        is `B`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If the SVD computation does not converge.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    scipy.linalg.pinv : Similar function in SciPy.
+    scipy.linalg.pinvh : Compute the (Moore-Penrose) pseudo-inverse of a
+                         Hermitian matrix.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The pseudo-inverse of a matrix A, denoted :math:`A^+`, is
+    defined as: "the matrix that 'solves' [the least-squares problem]
+    :math:`Ax = b`," i.e., if :math:`\\bar{x}` is said solution, then
+    :math:`A^+` is that matrix such that :math:`\\bar{x} = A^+b`.
+
+    It can be shown that if :math:`Q_1 \\Sigma Q_2^T = A` is the singular
+    value decomposition of A, then
+    :math:`A^+ = Q_2 \\Sigma^+ Q_1^T`, where :math:`Q_{1,2}` are
+    orthogonal matrices, :math:`\\Sigma` is a diagonal matrix consisting
+    of A's so-called singular values, (followed, typically, by
+    zeros), and then :math:`\\Sigma^+` is simply the diagonal matrix
+    consisting of the reciprocals of A's singular values
+    (again, followed by zeros). [1]_
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] G. Strang, *Linear Algebra and Its Applications*, 2nd Ed., Orlando,
+           FL, Academic Press, Inc., 1980, pp. 139-142.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    The following example checks that ``a * a+ * a == a`` and
+    ``a+ * a * a+ == a+``:
+
+    >>> a = np.random.randn(9, 6)
+    >>> B = np.linalg.pinv(a)
+    >>> np.allclose(a, np.dot(a, np.dot(B, a)))
+    True
+    >>> np.allclose(B, np.dot(B, np.dot(a, B)))
+    True
+
+    """
+    a, wrap = _makearray(a)
+    rcond = asarray(rcond)
+    if _is_empty_2d(a):
+        m, n = a.shape[-2:]
+        res = empty(a.shape[:-2] + (n, m), dtype=a.dtype)
+        return wrap(res)
+    a = a.conjugate()
+    u, s, vt = svd(a, full_matrices=False, hermitian=hermitian)
+
+    # discard small singular values
+    cutoff = rcond[..., newaxis] * amax(s, axis=-1, keepdims=True)
+    large = s > cutoff
+    s = divide(1, s, where=large, out=s)
+    s[~large] = 0
+
+    res = matmul(transpose(vt), multiply(s[..., newaxis], transpose(u)))
+    return wrap(res)
+
+
+# Determinant
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def slogdet(a):
+    """
+    Compute the sign and (natural) logarithm of the determinant of an array.
+
+    If an array has a very small or very large determinant, then a call to
+    `det` may overflow or underflow. This routine is more robust against such
+    issues, because it computes the logarithm of the determinant rather than
+    the determinant itself.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, M) array_like
+        Input array, has to be a square 2-D array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    A namedtuple with the following attributes:
+
+    sign : (...) array_like
+        A number representing the sign of the determinant. For a real matrix,
+        this is 1, 0, or -1. For a complex matrix, this is a complex number
+        with absolute value 1 (i.e., it is on the unit circle), or else 0.
+    logabsdet : (...) array_like
+        The natural log of the absolute value of the determinant.
+
+    If the determinant is zero, then `sign` will be 0 and `logabsdet` will be
+    -Inf. In all cases, the determinant is equal to ``sign * np.exp(logabsdet)``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    det
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Broadcasting rules apply, see the `numpy.linalg` documentation for
+    details.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+
+    The determinant is computed via LU factorization using the LAPACK
+    routine ``z/dgetrf``.
+
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    The determinant of a 2-D array ``[[a, b], [c, d]]`` is ``ad - bc``:
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+    >>> (sign, logabsdet) = np.linalg.slogdet(a)
+    >>> (sign, logabsdet)
+    (-1, 0.69314718055994529) # may vary
+    >>> sign * np.exp(logabsdet)
+    -2.0
+
+    Computing log-determinants for a stack of matrices:
+
+    >>> a = np.array([ [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[1, 2], [2, 1]], [[1, 3], [3, 1]] ])
+    >>> a.shape
+    (3, 2, 2)
+    >>> sign, logabsdet = np.linalg.slogdet(a)
+    >>> (sign, logabsdet)
+    (array([-1., -1., -1.]), array([ 0.69314718,  1.09861229,  2.07944154]))
+    >>> sign * np.exp(logabsdet)
+    array([-2., -3., -8.])
+
+    This routine succeeds where ordinary `det` does not:
+
+    >>> np.linalg.det(np.eye(500) * 0.1)
+    0.0
+    >>> np.linalg.slogdet(np.eye(500) * 0.1)
+    (1, -1151.2925464970228)
+
+    """
+    a = asarray(a)
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    _assert_stacked_square(a)
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a)
+    real_t = _realType(result_t)
+    signature = 'D->Dd' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->dd'
+    sign, logdet = _umath_linalg.slogdet(a, signature=signature)
+    sign = sign.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+    logdet = logdet.astype(real_t, copy=False)
+    return SlogdetResult(sign, logdet)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_unary_dispatcher)
+def det(a):
+    """
+    Compute the determinant of an array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (..., M, M) array_like
+        Input array to compute determinants for.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    det : (...) array_like
+        Determinant of `a`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    slogdet : Another way to represent the determinant, more suitable
+      for large matrices where underflow/overflow may occur.
+    scipy.linalg.det : Similar function in SciPy.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    Broadcasting rules apply, see the `numpy.linalg` documentation for
+    details.
+
+    The determinant is computed via LU factorization using the LAPACK
+    routine ``z/dgetrf``.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    The determinant of a 2-D array [[a, b], [c, d]] is ad - bc:
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+    >>> np.linalg.det(a)
+    -2.0 # may vary
+
+    Computing determinants for a stack of matrices:
+
+    >>> a = np.array([ [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[1, 2], [2, 1]], [[1, 3], [3, 1]] ])
+    >>> a.shape
+    (3, 2, 2)
+    >>> np.linalg.det(a)
+    array([-2., -3., -8.])
+
+    """
+    a = asarray(a)
+    _assert_stacked_2d(a)
+    _assert_stacked_square(a)
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a)
+    signature = 'D->D' if isComplexType(t) else 'd->d'
+    r = _umath_linalg.det(a, signature=signature)
+    r = r.astype(result_t, copy=False)
+    return r
+
+
+# Linear Least Squares
+
+def _lstsq_dispatcher(a, b, rcond=None):
+    return (a, b)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_lstsq_dispatcher)
+def lstsq(a, b, rcond="warn"):
+    r"""
+    Return the least-squares solution to a linear matrix equation.
+
+    Computes the vector `x` that approximately solves the equation
+    ``a @ x = b``. The equation may be under-, well-, or over-determined
+    (i.e., the number of linearly independent rows of `a` can be less than,
+    equal to, or greater than its number of linearly independent columns).
+    If `a` is square and of full rank, then `x` (but for round-off error)
+    is the "exact" solution of the equation. Else, `x` minimizes the
+    Euclidean 2-norm :math:`||b - ax||`. If there are multiple minimizing
+    solutions, the one with the smallest 2-norm :math:`||x||` is returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : (M, N) array_like
+        "Coefficient" matrix.
+    b : {(M,), (M, K)} array_like
+        Ordinate or "dependent variable" values. If `b` is two-dimensional,
+        the least-squares solution is calculated for each of the `K` columns
+        of `b`.
+    rcond : float, optional
+        Cut-off ratio for small singular values of `a`.
+        For the purposes of rank determination, singular values are treated
+        as zero if they are smaller than `rcond` times the largest singular
+        value of `a`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.14.0
+           If not set, a FutureWarning is given. The previous default
+           of ``-1`` will use the machine precision as `rcond` parameter,
+           the new default will use the machine precision times `max(M, N)`.
+           To silence the warning and use the new default, use ``rcond=None``,
+           to keep using the old behavior, use ``rcond=-1``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    x : {(N,), (N, K)} ndarray
+        Least-squares solution. If `b` is two-dimensional,
+        the solutions are in the `K` columns of `x`.
+    residuals : {(1,), (K,), (0,)} ndarray
+        Sums of squared residuals: Squared Euclidean 2-norm for each column in
+        ``b - a @ x``.
+        If the rank of `a` is < N or M <= N, this is an empty array.
+        If `b` is 1-dimensional, this is a (1,) shape array.
+        Otherwise the shape is (K,).
+    rank : int
+        Rank of matrix `a`.
+    s : (min(M, N),) ndarray
+        Singular values of `a`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    LinAlgError
+        If computation does not converge.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    scipy.linalg.lstsq : Similar function in SciPy.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    If `b` is a matrix, then all array results are returned as matrices.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Fit a line, ``y = mx + c``, through some noisy data-points:
+
+    >>> x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
+    >>> y = np.array([-1, 0.2, 0.9, 2.1])
+
+    By examining the coefficients, we see that the line should have a
+    gradient of roughly 1 and cut the y-axis at, more or less, -1.
+
+    We can rewrite the line equation as ``y = Ap``, where ``A = [[x 1]]``
+    and ``p = [[m], [c]]``.  Now use `lstsq` to solve for `p`:
+
+    >>> A = np.vstack([x, np.ones(len(x))]).T
+    >>> A
+    array([[ 0.,  1.],
+           [ 1.,  1.],
+           [ 2.,  1.],
+           [ 3.,  1.]])
+
+    >>> m, c = np.linalg.lstsq(A, y, rcond=None)[0]
+    >>> m, c
+    (1.0 -0.95) # may vary
+
+    Plot the data along with the fitted line:
+
+    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    >>> _ = plt.plot(x, y, 'o', label='Original data', markersize=10)
+    >>> _ = plt.plot(x, m*x + c, 'r', label='Fitted line')
+    >>> _ = plt.legend()
+    >>> plt.show()
+
+    """
+    a, _ = _makearray(a)
+    b, wrap = _makearray(b)
+    is_1d = b.ndim == 1
+    if is_1d:
+        b = b[:, newaxis]
+    _assert_2d(a, b)
+    m, n = a.shape[-2:]
+    m2, n_rhs = b.shape[-2:]
+    if m != m2:
+        raise LinAlgError('Incompatible dimensions')
+
+    t, result_t = _commonType(a, b)
+    result_real_t = _realType(result_t)
+
+    # Determine default rcond value
+    if rcond == "warn":
+        # 2017-08-19, 1.14.0
+        warnings.warn("`rcond` parameter will change to the default of "
+                      "machine precision times ``max(M, N)`` where M and N "
+                      "are the input matrix dimensions.\n"
+                      "To use the future default and silence this warning "
+                      "we advise to pass `rcond=None`, to keep using the old, "
+                      "explicitly pass `rcond=-1`.",
+                      FutureWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        rcond = -1
+    if rcond is None:
+        rcond = finfo(t).eps * max(n, m)
+
+    if m <= n:
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.lstsq_m
+    else:
+        gufunc = _umath_linalg.lstsq_n
+
+    signature = 'DDd->Ddid' if isComplexType(t) else 'ddd->ddid'
+    extobj = get_linalg_error_extobj(_raise_linalgerror_lstsq)
+    if n_rhs == 0:
+        # lapack can't handle n_rhs = 0 - so allocate the array one larger in that axis
+        b = zeros(b.shape[:-2] + (m, n_rhs + 1), dtype=b.dtype)
+    x, resids, rank, s = gufunc(a, b, rcond, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
+    if m == 0:
+        x[...] = 0
+    if n_rhs == 0:
+        # remove the item we added
+        x = x[..., :n_rhs]
+        resids = resids[..., :n_rhs]
+
+    # remove the axis we added
+    if is_1d:
+        x = x.squeeze(axis=-1)
+        # we probably should squeeze resids too, but we can't
+        # without breaking compatibility.
+
+    # as documented
+    if rank != n or m <= n:
+        resids = array([], result_real_t)
+
+    # coerce output arrays
+    s = s.astype(result_real_t, copy=False)
+    resids = resids.astype(result_real_t, copy=False)
+    x = x.astype(result_t, copy=True)  # Copying lets the memory in r_parts be freed
+    return wrap(x), wrap(resids), rank, s
+
+
+def _multi_svd_norm(x, row_axis, col_axis, op):
+    """Compute a function of the singular values of the 2-D matrices in `x`.
+
+    This is a private utility function used by `numpy.linalg.norm()`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : ndarray
+    row_axis, col_axis : int
+        The axes of `x` that hold the 2-D matrices.
+    op : callable
+        This should be either numpy.amin or `numpy.amax` or `numpy.sum`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : float or ndarray
+        If `x` is 2-D, the return values is a float.
+        Otherwise, it is an array with ``x.ndim - 2`` dimensions.
+        The return values are either the minimum or maximum or sum of the
+        singular values of the matrices, depending on whether `op`
+        is `numpy.amin` or `numpy.amax` or `numpy.sum`.
+
+    """
+    y = moveaxis(x, (row_axis, col_axis), (-2, -1))
+    result = op(svd(y, compute_uv=False), axis=-1)
+    return result
+
+
+def _norm_dispatcher(x, ord=None, axis=None, keepdims=None):
+    return (x,)
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_norm_dispatcher)
+def norm(x, ord=None, axis=None, keepdims=False):
+    """
+    Matrix or vector norm.
+
+    This function is able to return one of eight different matrix norms,
+    or one of an infinite number of vector norms (described below), depending
+    on the value of the ``ord`` parameter.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Input array.  If `axis` is None, `x` must be 1-D or 2-D, unless `ord`
+        is None. If both `axis` and `ord` are None, the 2-norm of
+        ``x.ravel`` will be returned.
+    ord : {non-zero int, inf, -inf, 'fro', 'nuc'}, optional
+        Order of the norm (see table under ``Notes``). inf means numpy's
+        `inf` object. The default is None.
+    axis : {None, int, 2-tuple of ints}, optional.
+        If `axis` is an integer, it specifies the axis of `x` along which to
+        compute the vector norms.  If `axis` is a 2-tuple, it specifies the
+        axes that hold 2-D matrices, and the matrix norms of these matrices
+        are computed.  If `axis` is None then either a vector norm (when `x`
+        is 1-D) or a matrix norm (when `x` is 2-D) is returned. The default
+        is None.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.8.0
+
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are normed over are left in the
+        result as dimensions with size one.  With this option the result will
+        broadcast correctly against the original `x`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    n : float or ndarray
+        Norm of the matrix or vector(s).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    scipy.linalg.norm : Similar function in SciPy.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For values of ``ord < 1``, the result is, strictly speaking, not a
+    mathematical 'norm', but it may still be useful for various numerical
+    purposes.
+
+    The following norms can be calculated:
+
+    =====  ============================  ==========================
+    ord    norm for matrices             norm for vectors
+    =====  ============================  ==========================
+    None   Frobenius norm                2-norm
+    'fro'  Frobenius norm                --
+    'nuc'  nuclear norm                  --
+    inf    max(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      max(abs(x))
+    -inf   min(sum(abs(x), axis=1))      min(abs(x))
+    0      --                            sum(x != 0)
+    1      max(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
+    -1     min(sum(abs(x), axis=0))      as below
+    2      2-norm (largest sing. value)  as below
+    -2     smallest singular value       as below
+    other  --                            sum(abs(x)**ord)**(1./ord)
+    =====  ============================  ==========================
+
+    The Frobenius norm is given by [1]_:
+
+        :math:`||A||_F = [\\sum_{i,j} abs(a_{i,j})^2]^{1/2}`
+
+    The nuclear norm is the sum of the singular values.
+
+    Both the Frobenius and nuclear norm orders are only defined for
+    matrices and raise a ValueError when ``x.ndim != 2``.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] G. H. Golub and C. F. Van Loan, *Matrix Computations*,
+           Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985, pg. 15
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy import linalg as LA
+    >>> a = np.arange(9) - 4
+    >>> a
+    array([-4, -3, -2, ...,  2,  3,  4])
+    >>> b = a.reshape((3, 3))
+    >>> b
+    array([[-4, -3, -2],
+           [-1,  0,  1],
+           [ 2,  3,  4]])
+
+    >>> LA.norm(a)
+    7.745966692414834
+    >>> LA.norm(b)
+    7.745966692414834
+    >>> LA.norm(b, 'fro')
+    7.745966692414834
+    >>> LA.norm(a, np.inf)
+    4.0
+    >>> LA.norm(b, np.inf)
+    9.0
+    >>> LA.norm(a, -np.inf)
+    0.0
+    >>> LA.norm(b, -np.inf)
+    2.0
+
+    >>> LA.norm(a, 1)
+    20.0
+    >>> LA.norm(b, 1)
+    7.0
+    >>> LA.norm(a, -1)
+    -4.6566128774142013e-010
+    >>> LA.norm(b, -1)
+    6.0
+    >>> LA.norm(a, 2)
+    7.745966692414834
+    >>> LA.norm(b, 2)
+    7.3484692283495345
+
+    >>> LA.norm(a, -2)
+    0.0
+    >>> LA.norm(b, -2)
+    1.8570331885190563e-016 # may vary
+    >>> LA.norm(a, 3)
+    5.8480354764257312 # may vary
+    >>> LA.norm(a, -3)
+    0.0
+
+    Using the `axis` argument to compute vector norms:
+
+    >>> c = np.array([[ 1, 2, 3],
+    ...               [-1, 1, 4]])
+    >>> LA.norm(c, axis=0)
+    array([ 1.41421356,  2.23606798,  5.        ])
+    >>> LA.norm(c, axis=1)
+    array([ 3.74165739,  4.24264069])
+    >>> LA.norm(c, ord=1, axis=1)
+    array([ 6.,  6.])
+
+    Using the `axis` argument to compute matrix norms:
+
+    >>> m = np.arange(8).reshape(2,2,2)
+    >>> LA.norm(m, axis=(1,2))
+    array([  3.74165739,  11.22497216])
+    >>> LA.norm(m[0, :, :]), LA.norm(m[1, :, :])
+    (3.7416573867739413, 11.224972160321824)
+
+    """
+    x = asarray(x)
+
+    if not issubclass(x.dtype.type, (inexact, object_)):
+        x = x.astype(float)
+
+    # Immediately handle some default, simple, fast, and common cases.
+    if axis is None:
+        ndim = x.ndim
+        if ((ord is None) or
+            (ord in ('f', 'fro') and ndim == 2) or
+            (ord == 2 and ndim == 1)):
+
+            x = x.ravel(order='K')
+            if isComplexType(x.dtype.type):
+                x_real = x.real
+                x_imag = x.imag
+                sqnorm = x_real.dot(x_real) + x_imag.dot(x_imag)
+            else:
+                sqnorm = x.dot(x)
+            ret = sqrt(sqnorm)
+            if keepdims:
+                ret = ret.reshape(ndim*[1])
+            return ret
+
+    # Normalize the `axis` argument to a tuple.
+    nd = x.ndim
+    if axis is None:
+        axis = tuple(range(nd))
+    elif not isinstance(axis, tuple):
+        try:
+            axis = int(axis)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise TypeError("'axis' must be None, an integer or a tuple of integers") from e
+        axis = (axis,)
+
+    if len(axis) == 1:
+        if ord == Inf:
+            return abs(x).max(axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
+        elif ord == -Inf:
+            return abs(x).min(axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
+        elif ord == 0:
+            # Zero norm
+            return (x != 0).astype(x.real.dtype).sum(axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
+        elif ord == 1:
+            # special case for speedup
+            return add.reduce(abs(x), axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
+        elif ord is None or ord == 2:
+            # special case for speedup
+            s = (x.conj() * x).real
+            return sqrt(add.reduce(s, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims))
+        # None of the str-type keywords for ord ('fro', 'nuc')
+        # are valid for vectors
+        elif isinstance(ord, str):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid norm order '{ord}' for vectors")
+        else:
+            absx = abs(x)
+            absx **= ord
+            ret = add.reduce(absx, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
+            ret **= reciprocal(ord, dtype=ret.dtype)
+            return ret
+    elif len(axis) == 2:
+        row_axis, col_axis = axis
+        row_axis = normalize_axis_index(row_axis, nd)
+        col_axis = normalize_axis_index(col_axis, nd)
+        if row_axis == col_axis:
+            raise ValueError('Duplicate axes given.')
+        if ord == 2:
+            ret =  _multi_svd_norm(x, row_axis, col_axis, amax)
+        elif ord == -2:
+            ret = _multi_svd_norm(x, row_axis, col_axis, amin)
+        elif ord == 1:
+            if col_axis > row_axis:
+                col_axis -= 1
+            ret = add.reduce(abs(x), axis=row_axis).max(axis=col_axis)
+        elif ord == Inf:
+            if row_axis > col_axis:
+                row_axis -= 1
+            ret = add.reduce(abs(x), axis=col_axis).max(axis=row_axis)
+        elif ord == -1:
+            if col_axis > row_axis:
+                col_axis -= 1
+            ret = add.reduce(abs(x), axis=row_axis).min(axis=col_axis)
+        elif ord == -Inf:
+            if row_axis > col_axis:
+                row_axis -= 1
+            ret = add.reduce(abs(x), axis=col_axis).min(axis=row_axis)
+        elif ord in [None, 'fro', 'f']:
+            ret = sqrt(add.reduce((x.conj() * x).real, axis=axis))
+        elif ord == 'nuc':
+            ret = _multi_svd_norm(x, row_axis, col_axis, sum)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid norm order for matrices.")
+        if keepdims:
+            ret_shape = list(x.shape)
+            ret_shape[axis[0]] = 1
+            ret_shape[axis[1]] = 1
+            ret = ret.reshape(ret_shape)
+        return ret
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Improper number of dimensions to norm.")
+
+
+# multi_dot
+
+def _multidot_dispatcher(arrays, *, out=None):
+    yield from arrays
+    yield out
+
+
+@array_function_dispatch(_multidot_dispatcher)
+def multi_dot(arrays, *, out=None):
+    """
+    Compute the dot product of two or more arrays in a single function call,
+    while automatically selecting the fastest evaluation order.
+
+    `multi_dot` chains `numpy.dot` and uses optimal parenthesization
+    of the matrices [1]_ [2]_. Depending on the shapes of the matrices,
+    this can speed up the multiplication a lot.
+
+    If the first argument is 1-D it is treated as a row vector.
+    If the last argument is 1-D it is treated as a column vector.
+    The other arguments must be 2-D.
+
+    Think of `multi_dot` as::
+
+        def multi_dot(arrays): return functools.reduce(np.dot, arrays)
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arrays : sequence of array_like
+        If the first argument is 1-D it is treated as row vector.
+        If the last argument is 1-D it is treated as column vector.
+        The other arguments must be 2-D.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Output argument. This must have the exact kind that would be returned
+        if it was not used. In particular, it must have the right type, must be
+        C-contiguous, and its dtype must be the dtype that would be returned
+        for `dot(a, b)`. This is a performance feature. Therefore, if these
+        conditions are not met, an exception is raised, instead of attempting
+        to be flexible.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.19.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    output : ndarray
+        Returns the dot product of the supplied arrays.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.dot : dot multiplication with two arguments.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+
+    .. [1] Cormen, "Introduction to Algorithms", Chapter 15.2, p. 370-378
+    .. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_chain_multiplication
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    `multi_dot` allows you to write::
+
+    >>> from numpy.linalg import multi_dot
+    >>> # Prepare some data
+    >>> A = np.random.random((10000, 100))
+    >>> B = np.random.random((100, 1000))
+    >>> C = np.random.random((1000, 5))
+    >>> D = np.random.random((5, 333))
+    >>> # the actual dot multiplication
+    >>> _ = multi_dot([A, B, C, D])
+
+    instead of::
+
+    >>> _ = np.dot(np.dot(np.dot(A, B), C), D)
+    >>> # or
+    >>> _ = A.dot(B).dot(C).dot(D)
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The cost for a matrix multiplication can be calculated with the
+    following function::
+
+        def cost(A, B):
+            return A.shape[0] * A.shape[1] * B.shape[1]
+
+    Assume we have three matrices
+    :math:`A_{10x100}, B_{100x5}, C_{5x50}`.
+
+    The costs for the two different parenthesizations are as follows::
+
+        cost((AB)C) = 10*100*5 + 10*5*50   = 5000 + 2500   = 7500
+        cost(A(BC)) = 10*100*50 + 100*5*50 = 50000 + 25000 = 75000
+
+    """
+    n = len(arrays)
+    # optimization only makes sense for len(arrays) > 2
+    if n < 2:
+        raise ValueError("Expecting at least two arrays.")
+    elif n == 2:
+        return dot(arrays[0], arrays[1], out=out)
+
+    arrays = [asanyarray(a) for a in arrays]
+
+    # save original ndim to reshape the result array into the proper form later
+    ndim_first, ndim_last = arrays[0].ndim, arrays[-1].ndim
+    # Explicitly convert vectors to 2D arrays to keep the logic of the internal
+    # _multi_dot_* functions as simple as possible.
+    if arrays[0].ndim == 1:
+        arrays[0] = atleast_2d(arrays[0])
+    if arrays[-1].ndim == 1:
+        arrays[-1] = atleast_2d(arrays[-1]).T
+    _assert_2d(*arrays)
+
+    # _multi_dot_three is much faster than _multi_dot_matrix_chain_order
+    if n == 3:
+        result = _multi_dot_three(arrays[0], arrays[1], arrays[2], out=out)
+    else:
+        order = _multi_dot_matrix_chain_order(arrays)
+        result = _multi_dot(arrays, order, 0, n - 1, out=out)
+
+    # return proper shape
+    if ndim_first == 1 and ndim_last == 1:
+        return result[0, 0]  # scalar
+    elif ndim_first == 1 or ndim_last == 1:
+        return result.ravel()  # 1-D
+    else:
+        return result
+
+
+def _multi_dot_three(A, B, C, out=None):
+    """
+    Find the best order for three arrays and do the multiplication.
+
+    For three arguments `_multi_dot_three` is approximately 15 times faster
+    than `_multi_dot_matrix_chain_order`
+
+    """
+    a0, a1b0 = A.shape
+    b1c0, c1 = C.shape
+    # cost1 = cost((AB)C) = a0*a1b0*b1c0 + a0*b1c0*c1
+    cost1 = a0 * b1c0 * (a1b0 + c1)
+    # cost2 = cost(A(BC)) = a1b0*b1c0*c1 + a0*a1b0*c1
+    cost2 = a1b0 * c1 * (a0 + b1c0)
+
+    if cost1 < cost2:
+        return dot(dot(A, B), C, out=out)
+    else:
+        return dot(A, dot(B, C), out=out)
+
+
+def _multi_dot_matrix_chain_order(arrays, return_costs=False):
+    """
+    Return a np.array that encodes the optimal order of mutiplications.
+
+    The optimal order array is then used by `_multi_dot()` to do the
+    multiplication.
+
+    Also return the cost matrix if `return_costs` is `True`
+
+    The implementation CLOSELY follows Cormen, "Introduction to Algorithms",
+    Chapter 15.2, p. 370-378.  Note that Cormen uses 1-based indices.
+
+        cost[i, j] = min([
+            cost[prefix] + cost[suffix] + cost_mult(prefix, suffix)
+            for k in range(i, j)])
+
+    """
+    n = len(arrays)
+    # p stores the dimensions of the matrices
+    # Example for p: A_{10x100}, B_{100x5}, C_{5x50} --> p = [10, 100, 5, 50]
+    p = [a.shape[0] for a in arrays] + [arrays[-1].shape[1]]
+    # m is a matrix of costs of the subproblems
+    # m[i,j]: min number of scalar multiplications needed to compute A_{i..j}
+    m = zeros((n, n), dtype=double)
+    # s is the actual ordering
+    # s[i, j] is the value of k at which we split the product A_i..A_j
+    s = empty((n, n), dtype=intp)
+
+    for l in range(1, n):
+        for i in range(n - l):
+            j = i + l
+            m[i, j] = Inf
+            for k in range(i, j):
+                q = m[i, k] + m[k+1, j] + p[i]*p[k+1]*p[j+1]
+                if q < m[i, j]:
+                    m[i, j] = q
+                    s[i, j] = k  # Note that Cormen uses 1-based index
+
+    return (s, m) if return_costs else s
+
+
+def _multi_dot(arrays, order, i, j, out=None):
+    """Actually do the multiplication with the given order."""
+    if i == j:
+        # the initial call with non-None out should never get here
+        assert out is None
+
+        return arrays[i]
+    else:
+        return dot(_multi_dot(arrays, order, i, order[i, j]),
+                   _multi_dot(arrays, order, order[i, j] + 1, j),
+                   out=out)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/linalg.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/linalg.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0b2f29b28d9528556151bb0139e671c5ecbb4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/linalg/linalg.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import (
+    Literal as L,
+    overload,
+    TypeVar,
+    Any,
+    SupportsIndex,
+    SupportsInt,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Generic,
+)
+
+from numpy import (
+    generic,
+    floating,
+    complexfloating,
+    int32,
+    float64,
+    complex128,
+)
+
+from numpy.linalg import LinAlgError as LinAlgError
+
+from numpy._typing import (
+    NDArray,
+    ArrayLike,
+    _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    _ArrayLikeTD64_co,
+    _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_ArrayType = TypeVar("_ArrayType", bound=NDArray[Any])
+_SCT = TypeVar("_SCT", bound=generic, covariant=True)
+_SCT2 = TypeVar("_SCT2", bound=generic, covariant=True)
+
+_2Tuple = tuple[_T, _T]
+_ModeKind = L["reduced", "complete", "r", "raw"]
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+class EigResult(NamedTuple):
+    eigenvalues: NDArray[Any]
+    eigenvectors: NDArray[Any]
+
+class EighResult(NamedTuple):
+    eigenvalues: NDArray[Any]
+    eigenvectors: NDArray[Any]
+
+class QRResult(NamedTuple):
+    Q: NDArray[Any]
+    R: NDArray[Any]
+
+class SlogdetResult(NamedTuple):
+    # TODO: `sign` and `logabsdet` are scalars for input 2D arrays and
+    # a `(x.ndim - 2)`` dimensionl arrays otherwise
+    sign: Any
+    logabsdet: Any
+
+class SVDResult(NamedTuple):
+    U: NDArray[Any]
+    S: NDArray[Any]
+    Vh: NDArray[Any]
+
+@overload
+def tensorsolve(
+    a: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    b: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    axes: None | Iterable[int] =...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def tensorsolve(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    b: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    axes: None | Iterable[int] =...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def tensorsolve(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    b: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    axes: None | Iterable[int] =...,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def solve(
+    a: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    b: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def solve(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    b: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def solve(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    b: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def tensorinv(
+    a: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    ind: int = ...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def tensorinv(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    ind: int = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def tensorinv(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    ind: int = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def inv(a: _ArrayLikeInt_co) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def inv(a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def inv(a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+# TODO: The supported input and output dtypes are dependent on the value of `n`.
+# For example: `n < 0` always casts integer types to float64
+def matrix_power(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co,
+    n: SupportsIndex,
+) -> NDArray[Any]: ...
+
+@overload
+def cholesky(a: _ArrayLikeInt_co) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def cholesky(a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def cholesky(a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def qr(a: _ArrayLikeInt_co, mode: _ModeKind = ...) -> QRResult: ...
+@overload
+def qr(a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, mode: _ModeKind = ...) -> QRResult: ...
+@overload
+def qr(a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, mode: _ModeKind = ...) -> QRResult: ...
+
+@overload
+def eigvals(a: _ArrayLikeInt_co) -> NDArray[float64] | NDArray[complex128]: ...
+@overload
+def eigvals(a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> NDArray[floating[Any]] | NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def eigvals(a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def eigvalsh(a: _ArrayLikeInt_co, UPLO: L["L", "U", "l", "u"] = ...) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def eigvalsh(a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, UPLO: L["L", "U", "l", "u"] = ...) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+
+@overload
+def eig(a: _ArrayLikeInt_co) -> EigResult: ...
+@overload
+def eig(a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co) -> EigResult: ...
+@overload
+def eig(a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> EigResult: ...
+
+@overload
+def eigh(
+    a: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    UPLO: L["L", "U", "l", "u"] = ...,
+) -> EighResult: ...
+@overload
+def eigh(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    UPLO: L["L", "U", "l", "u"] = ...,
+) -> EighResult: ...
+@overload
+def eigh(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    UPLO: L["L", "U", "l", "u"] = ...,
+) -> EighResult: ...
+
+@overload
+def svd(
+    a: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    full_matrices: bool = ...,
+    compute_uv: L[True] = ...,
+    hermitian: bool = ...,
+) -> SVDResult: ...
+@overload
+def svd(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    full_matrices: bool = ...,
+    compute_uv: L[True] = ...,
+    hermitian: bool = ...,
+) -> SVDResult: ...
+@overload
+def svd(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    full_matrices: bool = ...,
+    compute_uv: L[True] = ...,
+    hermitian: bool = ...,
+) -> SVDResult: ...
+@overload
+def svd(
+    a: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    full_matrices: bool = ...,
+    compute_uv: L[False] = ...,
+    hermitian: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def svd(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    full_matrices: bool = ...,
+    compute_uv: L[False] = ...,
+    hermitian: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+
+# TODO: Returns a scalar for 2D arrays and
+# a `(x.ndim - 2)`` dimensionl array otherwise
+def cond(x: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, p: None | float | L["fro", "nuc"] = ...) -> Any: ...
+
+# TODO: Returns `int` for <2D arrays and `intp` otherwise
+def matrix_rank(
+    A: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    tol: None | _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    hermitian: bool = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+
+@overload
+def pinv(
+    a: _ArrayLikeInt_co,
+    rcond: _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    hermitian: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[float64]: ...
+@overload
+def pinv(
+    a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co,
+    rcond: _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    hermitian: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[floating[Any]]: ...
+@overload
+def pinv(
+    a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co,
+    rcond: _ArrayLikeFloat_co = ...,
+    hermitian: bool = ...,
+) -> NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]]: ...
+
+# TODO: Returns a 2-tuple of scalars for 2D arrays and
+# a 2-tuple of `(a.ndim - 2)`` dimensionl arrays otherwise
+def slogdet(a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> SlogdetResult: ...
+
+# TODO: Returns a 2-tuple of scalars for 2D arrays and
+# a 2-tuple of `(a.ndim - 2)`` dimensionl arrays otherwise
+def det(a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co) -> Any: ...
+
+@overload
+def lstsq(a: _ArrayLikeInt_co, b: _ArrayLikeInt_co, rcond: None | float = ...) -> tuple[
+    NDArray[float64],
+    NDArray[float64],
+    int32,
+    NDArray[float64],
+]: ...
+@overload
+def lstsq(a: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, b: _ArrayLikeFloat_co, rcond: None | float = ...) -> tuple[
+    NDArray[floating[Any]],
+    NDArray[floating[Any]],
+    int32,
+    NDArray[floating[Any]],
+]: ...
+@overload
+def lstsq(a: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, b: _ArrayLikeComplex_co, rcond: None | float = ...) -> tuple[
+    NDArray[complexfloating[Any, Any]],
+    NDArray[floating[Any]],
+    int32,
+    NDArray[floating[Any]],
+]: ...
+
+@overload
+def norm(
+    x: ArrayLike,
+    ord: None | float | L["fro", "nuc"] = ...,
+    axis: None = ...,
+    keepdims: bool = ...,
+) -> floating[Any]: ...
+@overload
+def norm(
+    x: ArrayLike,
+    ord: None | float | L["fro", "nuc"] = ...,
+    axis: SupportsInt | SupportsIndex | tuple[int, ...] = ...,
+    keepdims: bool = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
+
+# TODO: Returns a scalar or array
+def multi_dot(
+    arrays: Iterable[_ArrayLikeComplex_co | _ArrayLikeObject_co | _ArrayLikeTD64_co],
+    *,
+    out: None | NDArray[Any] = ...,
+) -> Any: ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/API_CHANGES.txt b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/API_CHANGES.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3d792a1fad983fc0b8403870c2e2d801dabf314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/API_CHANGES.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+.. -*- rest -*-
+
+==================================================
+API changes in the new masked array implementation
+==================================================
+
+Masked arrays are subclasses of ndarray
+---------------------------------------
+
+Contrary to the original implementation, masked arrays are now regular
+ndarrays::
+
+  >>> x = masked_array([1,2,3],mask=[0,0,1])
+  >>> print isinstance(x, numpy.ndarray)
+  True
+
+
+``_data`` returns a view of the masked array
+--------------------------------------------
+
+Masked arrays are composed of a ``_data`` part and a ``_mask``. Accessing the
+``_data`` part will return a regular ndarray or any of its subclass, depending
+on the initial data::
+
+  >>> x = masked_array(numpy.matrix([[1,2],[3,4]]),mask=[[0,0],[0,1]])
+  >>> print x._data
+  [[1 2]
+   [3 4]]
+  >>> print type(x._data)
+  
+
+
+In practice, ``_data`` is implemented as a property, not as an attribute.
+Therefore, you cannot access it directly, and some simple tests such as the
+following one will fail::
+
+  >>>x._data is x._data
+  False
+
+
+``filled(x)`` can return a subclass of ndarray
+----------------------------------------------
+The function ``filled(a)`` returns an array of the same type as ``a._data``::
+
+  >>> x = masked_array(numpy.matrix([[1,2],[3,4]]),mask=[[0,0],[0,1]])
+  >>> y = filled(x)
+  >>> print type(y)
+  
+  >>> print y
+  matrix([[     1,      2],
+          [     3, 999999]])
+
+
+``put``, ``putmask`` behave like their ndarray counterparts
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+Previously, ``putmask`` was used like this::
+
+  mask = [False,True,True]
+  x = array([1,4,7],mask=mask)
+  putmask(x,mask,[3])
+
+which translated to::
+
+  x[~mask] = [3]
+
+(Note that a ``True``-value in a mask suppresses a value.)
+
+In other words, the mask had the same length as ``x``, whereas
+``values`` had ``sum(~mask)`` elements.
+
+Now, the behaviour is similar to that of ``ndarray.putmask``, where
+the mask and the values are both the same length as ``x``, i.e.
+
+::
+
+  putmask(x,mask,[3,0,0])
+
+
+``fill_value`` is a property
+----------------------------
+
+``fill_value`` is no longer a method, but a property::
+
+  >>> print x.fill_value
+  999999
+
+``cumsum`` and ``cumprod`` ignore missing values
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Missing values are assumed to be the identity element, i.e. 0 for
+``cumsum`` and 1 for ``cumprod``::
+
+  >>> x = N.ma.array([1,2,3,4],mask=[False,True,False,False])
+  >>> print x
+  [1 -- 3 4]
+  >>> print x.cumsum()
+  [1 -- 4 8]
+  >> print x.cumprod()
+  [1 -- 3 12]
+
+``bool(x)`` raises a ValueError
+-------------------------------
+
+Masked arrays now behave like regular ``ndarrays``, in that they cannot be
+converted to booleans:
+
+::
+
+  >>> x = N.ma.array([1,2,3])
+  >>> bool(x)
+  Traceback (most recent call last):
+    File "", line 1, in 
+  ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()
+
+
+==================================
+New features (non exhaustive list)
+==================================
+
+``mr_``
+-------
+
+``mr_`` mimics the behavior of ``r_`` for masked arrays::
+
+  >>> np.ma.mr_[3,4,5]
+  masked_array(data = [3 4 5],
+        mask = False,
+        fill_value=999999)
+
+
+``anom``
+--------
+
+The ``anom`` method returns the deviations from the average (anomalies).
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/LICENSE b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b41aae0c89a0f2486843d395f972db759c73c4b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+* Copyright (c) 2006, University of Georgia and Pierre G.F. Gerard-Marchant
+* All rights reserved.
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+*
+*     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+*       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+*     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+*       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+*       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+*     * Neither the name of the University of Georgia nor the
+*       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+*       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+*
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
+* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+* DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/README.rst b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/README.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47f20d6458e835319252a327d31f77531ab14e8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+==================================
+A Guide to Masked Arrays in NumPy
+==================================
+
+.. Contents::
+
+See http://www.scipy.org/scipy/numpy/wiki/MaskedArray (dead link)
+for updates of this document.
+
+
+History
+-------
+
+As a regular user of MaskedArray, I (Pierre G.F. Gerard-Marchant) became
+increasingly frustrated with the subclassing of masked arrays (even if
+I can only blame my inexperience). I needed to develop a class of arrays
+that could store some additional information along with numerical values,
+while keeping the possibility for missing data (picture storing a series
+of dates along with measurements, what would later become the `TimeSeries
+Scikit `__
+(dead link).
+
+I started to implement such a class, but then quickly realized that
+any additional information disappeared when processing these subarrays
+(for example, adding a constant value to a subarray would erase its
+dates). I ended up writing the equivalent of *numpy.core.ma* for my
+particular class, ufuncs included. Everything went fine until I needed to
+subclass my new class, when more problems showed up: some attributes of
+the new subclass were lost during processing. I identified the culprit as
+MaskedArray, which returns masked ndarrays when I expected masked
+arrays of my class. I was preparing myself to rewrite *numpy.core.ma*
+when I forced myself to learn how to subclass ndarrays. As I became more
+familiar with the *__new__* and *__array_finalize__* methods,
+I started to wonder why masked arrays were objects, and not ndarrays,
+and whether it wouldn't be more convenient for subclassing if they did
+behave like regular ndarrays.
+
+The new *maskedarray* is what I eventually come up with. The
+main differences with the initial *numpy.core.ma* package are
+that MaskedArray is now a subclass of *ndarray* and that the
+*_data* section can now be any subclass of *ndarray*. Apart from a
+couple of issues listed below, the behavior of the new MaskedArray
+class reproduces the old one. Initially the *maskedarray*
+implementation was marginally slower than *numpy.ma* in some areas,
+but work is underway to speed it up; the expectation is that it can be
+made substantially faster than the present *numpy.ma*.
+
+
+Note that if the subclass has some special methods and
+attributes, they are not propagated to the masked version:
+this would require a modification of the *__getattribute__*
+method (first trying *ndarray.__getattribute__*, then trying
+*self._data.__getattribute__* if an exception is raised in the first
+place), which really slows things down.
+
+Main differences
+----------------
+
+ * The *_data* part of the masked array can be any subclass of ndarray (but not recarray, cf below).
+ * *fill_value* is now a property, not a function.
+ * in the majority of cases, the mask is forced to *nomask* when no value is actually masked. A notable exception is when a masked array (with no masked values) has just been unpickled.
+ * I got rid of the *share_mask* flag, I never understood its purpose.
+ * *put*, *putmask* and *take* now mimic the ndarray methods, to avoid unpleasant surprises. Moreover, *put* and *putmask* both update the mask when needed.  * if *a* is a masked array, *bool(a)* raises a *ValueError*, as it does with ndarrays.
+ * in the same way, the comparison of two masked arrays is a masked array, not a boolean
+ * *filled(a)* returns an array of the same subclass as *a._data*, and no test is performed on whether it is contiguous or not.
+ * the mask is always printed, even if it's *nomask*, which makes things easy (for me at least) to remember that a masked array is used.
+ * *cumsum* works as if the *_data* array was filled with 0. The mask is preserved, but not updated.
+ * *cumprod* works as if the *_data* array was filled with 1. The mask is preserved, but not updated.
+
+New features
+------------
+
+This list is non-exhaustive...
+
+ * the *mr_* function mimics *r_* for masked arrays.
+ * the *anom* method returns the anomalies (deviations from the average)
+
+Using the new package with numpy.core.ma
+----------------------------------------
+
+I tried to make sure that the new package can understand old masked
+arrays. Unfortunately, there's no upward compatibility.
+
+For example:
+
+>>> import numpy.core.ma as old_ma
+>>> import maskedarray as new_ma
+>>> x = old_ma.array([1,2,3,4,5], mask=[0,0,1,0,0])
+>>> x
+array(data =
+ [     1      2 999999      4      5],
+      mask =
+ [False False True False False],
+      fill_value=999999)
+>>> y = new_ma.array([1,2,3,4,5], mask=[0,0,1,0,0])
+>>> y
+array(data = [1 2 -- 4 5],
+      mask = [False False True False False],
+      fill_value=999999)
+>>> x==y
+array(data =
+ [True True True True True],
+      mask =
+ [False False True False False],
+      fill_value=?)
+>>> old_ma.getmask(x) == new_ma.getmask(x)
+array([True, True, True, True, True])
+>>> old_ma.getmask(y) == new_ma.getmask(y)
+array([True, True, False, True, True])
+>>> old_ma.getmask(y)
+False
+
+
+Using maskedarray with matplotlib
+---------------------------------
+
+Starting with matplotlib 0.91.2, the masked array importing will work with
+the maskedarray branch) as well as with earlier versions.
+
+By default matplotlib still uses numpy.ma, but there is an rcParams setting
+that you can use to select maskedarray instead.  In the matplotlibrc file
+you will find::
+
+  #maskedarray : False       # True to use external maskedarray module
+                             # instead of numpy.ma; this is a temporary #
+                             setting for testing maskedarray.
+
+
+Uncomment and set to True to select maskedarray everywhere.
+Alternatively, you can test a script with maskedarray by using a
+command-line option, e.g.::
+
+  python simple_plot.py --maskedarray
+
+
+Masked records
+--------------
+
+Like *numpy.core.ma*, the *ndarray*-based implementation
+of MaskedArray is limited when working with records: you can
+mask any record of the array, but not a field in a record. If you
+need this feature, you may want to give the *mrecords* package
+a try (available in the *maskedarray* directory in the scipy
+sandbox). This module defines a new class, *MaskedRecord*. An
+instance of this class accepts a *recarray* as data, and uses two
+masks: the *fieldmask* has as many entries as records in the array,
+each entry with the same fields as a record, but of boolean types:
+they indicate whether the field is masked or not; a record entry
+is flagged as masked in the *mask* array if all the fields are
+masked. A few examples in the file should give you an idea of what
+can be done. Note that *mrecords* is still experimental...
+
+Optimizing maskedarray
+----------------------
+
+Should masked arrays be filled before processing or not?
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
+In the current implementation, most operations on masked arrays involve
+the following steps:
+
+ * the input arrays are filled
+ * the operation is performed on the filled arrays
+ * the mask is set for the results, from the combination of the input masks and the mask corresponding to the domain of the operation.
+
+For example, consider the division of two masked arrays::
+
+  import numpy
+  import maskedarray as ma
+  x = ma.array([1,2,3,4],mask=[1,0,0,0], dtype=numpy.float_)
+  y = ma.array([-1,0,1,2], mask=[0,0,0,1], dtype=numpy.float_)
+
+The division of x by y is then computed as::
+
+  d1 = x.filled(0) # d1 = array([0., 2., 3., 4.])
+  d2 = y.filled(1) # array([-1.,  0.,  1.,  1.])
+  m = ma.mask_or(ma.getmask(x), ma.getmask(y)) # m =
+  array([True,False,False,True])
+  dm = ma.divide.domain(d1,d2) # array([False,  True, False, False])
+  result = (d1/d2).view(MaskedArray) # masked_array([-0. inf, 3., 4.])
+  result._mask = logical_or(m, dm)
+
+Note that a division by zero takes place. To avoid it, we can consider
+to fill the input arrays, taking the domain mask into account, so that::
+
+  d1 = x._data.copy() # d1 = array([1., 2., 3., 4.])
+  d2 = y._data.copy() # array([-1.,  0.,  1.,  2.])
+  dm = ma.divide.domain(d1,d2) # array([False,  True, False, False])
+  numpy.putmask(d2, dm, 1) # d2 = array([-1.,  1.,  1.,  2.])
+  m = ma.mask_or(ma.getmask(x), ma.getmask(y)) # m =
+  array([True,False,False,True])
+  result = (d1/d2).view(MaskedArray) # masked_array([-1. 0., 3., 2.])
+  result._mask = logical_or(m, dm)
+
+Note that the *.copy()* is required to avoid updating the inputs with
+*putmask*.  The *.filled()* method also involves a *.copy()*.
+
+A third possibility consists in avoid filling the arrays::
+
+  d1 = x._data # d1 = array([1., 2., 3., 4.])
+  d2 = y._data # array([-1.,  0.,  1.,  2.])
+  dm = ma.divide.domain(d1,d2) # array([False,  True, False, False])
+  m = ma.mask_or(ma.getmask(x), ma.getmask(y)) # m =
+  array([True,False,False,True])
+  result = (d1/d2).view(MaskedArray) # masked_array([-1. inf, 3., 2.])
+  result._mask = logical_or(m, dm)
+
+Note that here again the division by zero takes place.
+
+A quick benchmark gives the following results:
+
+ * *numpy.ma.divide*  : 2.69 ms per loop
+ * classical division     : 2.21 ms per loop
+ * division w/ prefilling : 2.34 ms per loop
+ * division w/o filling   : 1.55 ms per loop
+
+So, is it worth filling the arrays beforehand ? Yes, if we are interested
+in avoiding floating-point exceptions that may fill the result with infs
+and nans. No, if we are only interested into speed...
+
+
+Thanks
+------
+
+I'd like to thank Paul Dubois, Travis Oliphant and Sasha for the
+original masked array package: without you, I would never have started
+that (it might be argued that I shouldn't have anyway, but that's
+another story...).  I also wish to extend these thanks to Reggie Dugard
+and Eric Firing for their suggestions and numerous improvements.
+
+
+Revision notes
+--------------
+
+  * 08/25/2007 : Creation of this page
+  * 01/23/2007 : The package has been moved to the SciPy sandbox, and is regularly updated: please check out your SVN version!
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..870cc4ef2daabf7ac770415f73940b3edfd2477c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+"""
+=============
+Masked Arrays
+=============
+
+Arrays sometimes contain invalid or missing data.  When doing operations
+on such arrays, we wish to suppress invalid values, which is the purpose masked
+arrays fulfill (an example of typical use is given below).
+
+For example, examine the following array:
+
+>>> x = np.array([2, 1, 3, np.nan, 5, 2, 3, np.nan])
+
+When we try to calculate the mean of the data, the result is undetermined:
+
+>>> np.mean(x)
+nan
+
+The mean is calculated using roughly ``np.sum(x)/len(x)``, but since
+any number added to ``NaN`` [1]_ produces ``NaN``, this doesn't work.  Enter
+masked arrays:
+
+>>> m = np.ma.masked_array(x, np.isnan(x))
+>>> m
+masked_array(data = [2.0 1.0 3.0 -- 5.0 2.0 3.0 --],
+      mask = [False False False  True False False False  True],
+      fill_value=1e+20)
+
+Here, we construct a masked array that suppress all ``NaN`` values.  We
+may now proceed to calculate the mean of the other values:
+
+>>> np.mean(m)
+2.6666666666666665
+
+.. [1] Not-a-Number, a floating point value that is the result of an
+       invalid operation.
+
+.. moduleauthor:: Pierre Gerard-Marchant
+.. moduleauthor:: Jarrod Millman
+
+"""
+from . import core
+from .core import *
+
+from . import extras
+from .extras import *
+
+__all__ = ['core', 'extras']
+__all__ += core.__all__
+__all__ += extras.__all__
+
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+test = PytestTester(__name__)
+del PytestTester
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/__init__.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/__init__.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce72383e5ea3d62d763e74a48694202425f10558
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/__init__.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+
+from numpy.ma import extras as extras
+
+from numpy.ma.core import (
+    MAError as MAError,
+    MaskError as MaskError,
+    MaskType as MaskType,
+    MaskedArray as MaskedArray,
+    abs as abs,
+    absolute as absolute,
+    add as add,
+    all as all,
+    allclose as allclose,
+    allequal as allequal,
+    alltrue as alltrue,
+    amax as amax,
+    amin as amin,
+    angle as angle,
+    anom as anom,
+    anomalies as anomalies,
+    any as any,
+    append as append,
+    arange as arange,
+    arccos as arccos,
+    arccosh as arccosh,
+    arcsin as arcsin,
+    arcsinh as arcsinh,
+    arctan as arctan,
+    arctan2 as arctan2,
+    arctanh as arctanh,
+    argmax as argmax,
+    argmin as argmin,
+    argsort as argsort,
+    around as around,
+    array as array,
+    asanyarray as asanyarray,
+    asarray as asarray,
+    bitwise_and as bitwise_and,
+    bitwise_or as bitwise_or,
+    bitwise_xor as bitwise_xor,
+    bool_ as bool_,
+    ceil as ceil,
+    choose as choose,
+    clip as clip,
+    common_fill_value as common_fill_value,
+    compress as compress,
+    compressed as compressed,
+    concatenate as concatenate,
+    conjugate as conjugate,
+    convolve as convolve,
+    copy as copy,
+    correlate as correlate,
+    cos as cos,
+    cosh as cosh,
+    count as count,
+    cumprod as cumprod,
+    cumsum as cumsum,
+    default_fill_value as default_fill_value,
+    diag as diag,
+    diagonal as diagonal,
+    diff as diff,
+    divide as divide,
+    empty as empty,
+    empty_like as empty_like,
+    equal as equal,
+    exp as exp,
+    expand_dims as expand_dims,
+    fabs as fabs,
+    filled as filled,
+    fix_invalid as fix_invalid,
+    flatten_mask as flatten_mask,
+    flatten_structured_array as flatten_structured_array,
+    floor as floor,
+    floor_divide as floor_divide,
+    fmod as fmod,
+    frombuffer as frombuffer,
+    fromflex as fromflex,
+    fromfunction as fromfunction,
+    getdata as getdata,
+    getmask as getmask,
+    getmaskarray as getmaskarray,
+    greater as greater,
+    greater_equal as greater_equal,
+    harden_mask as harden_mask,
+    hypot as hypot,
+    identity as identity,
+    ids as ids,
+    indices as indices,
+    inner as inner,
+    innerproduct as innerproduct,
+    isMA as isMA,
+    isMaskedArray as isMaskedArray,
+    is_mask as is_mask,
+    is_masked as is_masked,
+    isarray as isarray,
+    left_shift as left_shift,
+    less as less,
+    less_equal as less_equal,
+    log as log,
+    log10 as log10,
+    log2 as log2,
+    logical_and as logical_and,
+    logical_not as logical_not,
+    logical_or as logical_or,
+    logical_xor as logical_xor,
+    make_mask as make_mask,
+    make_mask_descr as make_mask_descr,
+    make_mask_none as make_mask_none,
+    mask_or as mask_or,
+    masked as masked,
+    masked_array as masked_array,
+    masked_equal as masked_equal,
+    masked_greater as masked_greater,
+    masked_greater_equal as masked_greater_equal,
+    masked_inside as masked_inside,
+    masked_invalid as masked_invalid,
+    masked_less as masked_less,
+    masked_less_equal as masked_less_equal,
+    masked_not_equal as masked_not_equal,
+    masked_object as masked_object,
+    masked_outside as masked_outside,
+    masked_print_option as masked_print_option,
+    masked_singleton as masked_singleton,
+    masked_values as masked_values,
+    masked_where as masked_where,
+    max as max,
+    maximum as maximum,
+    maximum_fill_value as maximum_fill_value,
+    mean as mean,
+    min as min,
+    minimum as minimum,
+    minimum_fill_value as minimum_fill_value,
+    mod as mod,
+    multiply as multiply,
+    mvoid as mvoid,
+    ndim as ndim,
+    negative as negative,
+    nomask as nomask,
+    nonzero as nonzero,
+    not_equal as not_equal,
+    ones as ones,
+    outer as outer,
+    outerproduct as outerproduct,
+    power as power,
+    prod as prod,
+    product as product,
+    ptp as ptp,
+    put as put,
+    putmask as putmask,
+    ravel as ravel,
+    remainder as remainder,
+    repeat as repeat,
+    reshape as reshape,
+    resize as resize,
+    right_shift as right_shift,
+    round as round,
+    set_fill_value as set_fill_value,
+    shape as shape,
+    sin as sin,
+    sinh as sinh,
+    size as size,
+    soften_mask as soften_mask,
+    sometrue as sometrue,
+    sort as sort,
+    sqrt as sqrt,
+    squeeze as squeeze,
+    std as std,
+    subtract as subtract,
+    sum as sum,
+    swapaxes as swapaxes,
+    take as take,
+    tan as tan,
+    tanh as tanh,
+    trace as trace,
+    transpose as transpose,
+    true_divide as true_divide,
+    var as var,
+    where as where,
+    zeros as zeros,
+)
+
+from numpy.ma.extras import (
+    apply_along_axis as apply_along_axis,
+    apply_over_axes as apply_over_axes,
+    atleast_1d as atleast_1d,
+    atleast_2d as atleast_2d,
+    atleast_3d as atleast_3d,
+    average as average,
+    clump_masked as clump_masked,
+    clump_unmasked as clump_unmasked,
+    column_stack as column_stack,
+    compress_cols as compress_cols,
+    compress_nd as compress_nd,
+    compress_rowcols as compress_rowcols,
+    compress_rows as compress_rows,
+    count_masked as count_masked,
+    corrcoef as corrcoef,
+    cov as cov,
+    diagflat as diagflat,
+    dot as dot,
+    dstack as dstack,
+    ediff1d as ediff1d,
+    flatnotmasked_contiguous as flatnotmasked_contiguous,
+    flatnotmasked_edges as flatnotmasked_edges,
+    hsplit as hsplit,
+    hstack as hstack,
+    isin as isin,
+    in1d as in1d,
+    intersect1d as intersect1d,
+    mask_cols as mask_cols,
+    mask_rowcols as mask_rowcols,
+    mask_rows as mask_rows,
+    masked_all as masked_all,
+    masked_all_like as masked_all_like,
+    median as median,
+    mr_ as mr_,
+    ndenumerate as ndenumerate,
+    notmasked_contiguous as notmasked_contiguous,
+    notmasked_edges as notmasked_edges,
+    polyfit as polyfit,
+    row_stack as row_stack,
+    setdiff1d as setdiff1d,
+    setxor1d as setxor1d,
+    stack as stack,
+    unique as unique,
+    union1d as union1d,
+    vander as vander,
+    vstack as vstack,
+)
+
+__all__: list[str]
+__path__: list[str]
+test: PytestTester
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/core.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16f74e89e9023fffef14b459fb21736f3219ac2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8565 @@
+"""
+numpy.ma : a package to handle missing or invalid values.
+
+This package was initially written for numarray by Paul F. Dubois
+at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
+In 2006, the package was completely rewritten by Pierre Gerard-Marchant
+(University of Georgia) to make the MaskedArray class a subclass of ndarray,
+and to improve support of structured arrays.
+
+
+Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001 Regents of the University of California.
+Released for unlimited redistribution.
+
+* Adapted for numpy_core 2005 by Travis Oliphant and (mainly) Paul Dubois.
+* Subclassing of the base `ndarray` 2006 by Pierre Gerard-Marchant
+  (pgmdevlist_AT_gmail_DOT_com)
+* Improvements suggested by Reggie Dugard (reggie_AT_merfinllc_DOT_com)
+
+.. moduleauthor:: Pierre Gerard-Marchant
+
+"""
+# pylint: disable-msg=E1002
+import builtins
+import inspect
+import operator
+import warnings
+import textwrap
+import re
+from functools import reduce
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.core.umath as umath
+import numpy.core.numerictypes as ntypes
+from numpy.core import multiarray as mu
+from numpy import ndarray, amax, amin, iscomplexobj, bool_, _NoValue
+from numpy import array as narray
+from numpy.lib.function_base import angle
+from numpy.compat import (
+    getargspec, formatargspec, long, unicode, bytes
+    )
+from numpy import expand_dims
+from numpy.core.numeric import normalize_axis_tuple
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'MAError', 'MaskError', 'MaskType', 'MaskedArray', 'abs', 'absolute',
+    'add', 'all', 'allclose', 'allequal', 'alltrue', 'amax', 'amin',
+    'angle', 'anom', 'anomalies', 'any', 'append', 'arange', 'arccos',
+    'arccosh', 'arcsin', 'arcsinh', 'arctan', 'arctan2', 'arctanh',
+    'argmax', 'argmin', 'argsort', 'around', 'array', 'asanyarray',
+    'asarray', 'bitwise_and', 'bitwise_or', 'bitwise_xor', 'bool_', 'ceil',
+    'choose', 'clip', 'common_fill_value', 'compress', 'compressed',
+    'concatenate', 'conjugate', 'convolve', 'copy', 'correlate', 'cos', 'cosh',
+    'count', 'cumprod', 'cumsum', 'default_fill_value', 'diag', 'diagonal',
+    'diff', 'divide', 'empty', 'empty_like', 'equal', 'exp',
+    'expand_dims', 'fabs', 'filled', 'fix_invalid', 'flatten_mask',
+    'flatten_structured_array', 'floor', 'floor_divide', 'fmod',
+    'frombuffer', 'fromflex', 'fromfunction', 'getdata', 'getmask',
+    'getmaskarray', 'greater', 'greater_equal', 'harden_mask', 'hypot',
+    'identity', 'ids', 'indices', 'inner', 'innerproduct', 'isMA',
+    'isMaskedArray', 'is_mask', 'is_masked', 'isarray', 'left_shift',
+    'less', 'less_equal', 'log', 'log10', 'log2',
+    'logical_and', 'logical_not', 'logical_or', 'logical_xor', 'make_mask',
+    'make_mask_descr', 'make_mask_none', 'mask_or', 'masked',
+    'masked_array', 'masked_equal', 'masked_greater',
+    'masked_greater_equal', 'masked_inside', 'masked_invalid',
+    'masked_less', 'masked_less_equal', 'masked_not_equal',
+    'masked_object', 'masked_outside', 'masked_print_option',
+    'masked_singleton', 'masked_values', 'masked_where', 'max', 'maximum',
+    'maximum_fill_value', 'mean', 'min', 'minimum', 'minimum_fill_value',
+    'mod', 'multiply', 'mvoid', 'ndim', 'negative', 'nomask', 'nonzero',
+    'not_equal', 'ones', 'ones_like', 'outer', 'outerproduct', 'power', 'prod',
+    'product', 'ptp', 'put', 'putmask', 'ravel', 'remainder',
+    'repeat', 'reshape', 'resize', 'right_shift', 'round', 'round_',
+    'set_fill_value', 'shape', 'sin', 'sinh', 'size', 'soften_mask',
+    'sometrue', 'sort', 'sqrt', 'squeeze', 'std', 'subtract', 'sum',
+    'swapaxes', 'take', 'tan', 'tanh', 'trace', 'transpose', 'true_divide',
+    'var', 'where', 'zeros', 'zeros_like',
+    ]
+
+MaskType = np.bool_
+nomask = MaskType(0)
+
+class MaskedArrayFutureWarning(FutureWarning):
+    pass
+
+def _deprecate_argsort_axis(arr):
+    """
+    Adjust the axis passed to argsort, warning if necessary
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr
+        The array which argsort was called on
+
+    np.ma.argsort has a long-term bug where the default of the axis argument
+    is wrong (gh-8701), which now must be kept for backwards compatibility.
+    Thankfully, this only makes a difference when arrays are 2- or more-
+    dimensional, so we only need a warning then.
+    """
+    if arr.ndim <= 1:
+        # no warning needed - but switch to -1 anyway, to avoid surprising
+        # subclasses, which are more likely to implement scalar axes.
+        return -1
+    else:
+        # 2017-04-11, Numpy 1.13.0, gh-8701: warn on axis default
+        warnings.warn(
+            "In the future the default for argsort will be axis=-1, not the "
+            "current None, to match its documentation and np.argsort. "
+            "Explicitly pass -1 or None to silence this warning.",
+            MaskedArrayFutureWarning, stacklevel=3)
+        return None
+
+
+def doc_note(initialdoc, note):
+    """
+    Adds a Notes section to an existing docstring.
+
+    """
+    if initialdoc is None:
+        return
+    if note is None:
+        return initialdoc
+
+    notesplit = re.split(r'\n\s*?Notes\n\s*?-----', inspect.cleandoc(initialdoc))
+    notedoc = "\n\nNotes\n-----\n%s\n" % inspect.cleandoc(note)
+
+    return ''.join(notesplit[:1] + [notedoc] + notesplit[1:])
+
+
+def get_object_signature(obj):
+    """
+    Get the signature from obj
+
+    """
+    try:
+        sig = formatargspec(*getargspec(obj))
+    except TypeError:
+        sig = ''
+    return sig
+
+
+###############################################################################
+#                              Exceptions                                     #
+###############################################################################
+
+
+class MAError(Exception):
+    """
+    Class for masked array related errors.
+
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class MaskError(MAError):
+    """
+    Class for mask related errors.
+
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+###############################################################################
+#                           Filling options                                   #
+###############################################################################
+
+
+# b: boolean - c: complex - f: floats - i: integer - O: object - S: string
+default_filler = {'b': True,
+                  'c': 1.e20 + 0.0j,
+                  'f': 1.e20,
+                  'i': 999999,
+                  'O': '?',
+                  'S': b'N/A',
+                  'u': 999999,
+                  'V': b'???',
+                  'U': 'N/A'
+                  }
+
+# Add datetime64 and timedelta64 types
+for v in ["Y", "M", "W", "D", "h", "m", "s", "ms", "us", "ns", "ps",
+          "fs", "as"]:
+    default_filler["M8[" + v + "]"] = np.datetime64("NaT", v)
+    default_filler["m8[" + v + "]"] = np.timedelta64("NaT", v)
+
+float_types_list = [np.half, np.single, np.double, np.longdouble,
+                    np.csingle, np.cdouble, np.clongdouble]
+max_filler = ntypes._minvals
+max_filler.update([(k, -np.inf) for k in float_types_list[:4]])
+max_filler.update([(k, complex(-np.inf, -np.inf)) for k in float_types_list[-3:]])
+
+min_filler = ntypes._maxvals
+min_filler.update([(k,  +np.inf) for k in float_types_list[:4]])
+min_filler.update([(k, complex(+np.inf, +np.inf)) for k in float_types_list[-3:]])
+
+del float_types_list
+
+def _recursive_fill_value(dtype, f):
+    """
+    Recursively produce a fill value for `dtype`, calling f on scalar dtypes
+    """
+    if dtype.names is not None:
+        # We wrap into `array` here, which ensures we use NumPy cast rules
+        # for integer casts, this allows the use of 99999 as a fill value
+        # for int8.
+        # TODO: This is probably a mess, but should best preserve behavior?
+        vals = tuple(
+                np.array(_recursive_fill_value(dtype[name], f))
+                for name in dtype.names)
+        return np.array(vals, dtype=dtype)[()]  # decay to void scalar from 0d
+    elif dtype.subdtype:
+        subtype, shape = dtype.subdtype
+        subval = _recursive_fill_value(subtype, f)
+        return np.full(shape, subval)
+    else:
+        return f(dtype)
+
+
+def _get_dtype_of(obj):
+    """ Convert the argument for *_fill_value into a dtype """
+    if isinstance(obj, np.dtype):
+        return obj
+    elif hasattr(obj, 'dtype'):
+        return obj.dtype
+    else:
+        return np.asanyarray(obj).dtype
+
+
+def default_fill_value(obj):
+    """
+    Return the default fill value for the argument object.
+
+    The default filling value depends on the datatype of the input
+    array or the type of the input scalar:
+
+       ========  ========
+       datatype  default
+       ========  ========
+       bool      True
+       int       999999
+       float     1.e20
+       complex   1.e20+0j
+       object    '?'
+       string    'N/A'
+       ========  ========
+
+    For structured types, a structured scalar is returned, with each field the
+    default fill value for its type.
+
+    For subarray types, the fill value is an array of the same size containing
+    the default scalar fill value.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    obj : ndarray, dtype or scalar
+        The array data-type or scalar for which the default fill value
+        is returned.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fill_value : scalar
+        The default fill value.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.ma.default_fill_value(1)
+    999999
+    >>> np.ma.default_fill_value(np.array([1.1, 2., np.pi]))
+    1e+20
+    >>> np.ma.default_fill_value(np.dtype(complex))
+    (1e+20+0j)
+
+    """
+    def _scalar_fill_value(dtype):
+        if dtype.kind in 'Mm':
+            return default_filler.get(dtype.str[1:], '?')
+        else:
+            return default_filler.get(dtype.kind, '?')
+
+    dtype = _get_dtype_of(obj)
+    return _recursive_fill_value(dtype, _scalar_fill_value)
+
+
+def _extremum_fill_value(obj, extremum, extremum_name):
+
+    def _scalar_fill_value(dtype):
+        try:
+            return extremum[dtype]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Unsuitable type {dtype} for calculating {extremum_name}."
+            ) from None
+
+    dtype = _get_dtype_of(obj)
+    return _recursive_fill_value(dtype, _scalar_fill_value)
+
+
+def minimum_fill_value(obj):
+    """
+    Return the maximum value that can be represented by the dtype of an object.
+
+    This function is useful for calculating a fill value suitable for
+    taking the minimum of an array with a given dtype.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    obj : ndarray, dtype or scalar
+        An object that can be queried for it's numeric type.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    val : scalar
+        The maximum representable value.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    TypeError
+        If `obj` isn't a suitable numeric type.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    maximum_fill_value : The inverse function.
+    set_fill_value : Set the filling value of a masked array.
+    MaskedArray.fill_value : Return current fill value.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.int8()
+    >>> ma.minimum_fill_value(a)
+    127
+    >>> a = np.int32()
+    >>> ma.minimum_fill_value(a)
+    2147483647
+
+    An array of numeric data can also be passed.
+
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.int8)
+    >>> ma.minimum_fill_value(a)
+    127
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.float32)
+    >>> ma.minimum_fill_value(a)
+    inf
+
+    """
+    return _extremum_fill_value(obj, min_filler, "minimum")
+
+
+def maximum_fill_value(obj):
+    """
+    Return the minimum value that can be represented by the dtype of an object.
+
+    This function is useful for calculating a fill value suitable for
+    taking the maximum of an array with a given dtype.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    obj : ndarray, dtype or scalar
+        An object that can be queried for it's numeric type.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    val : scalar
+        The minimum representable value.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    TypeError
+        If `obj` isn't a suitable numeric type.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    minimum_fill_value : The inverse function.
+    set_fill_value : Set the filling value of a masked array.
+    MaskedArray.fill_value : Return current fill value.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.int8()
+    >>> ma.maximum_fill_value(a)
+    -128
+    >>> a = np.int32()
+    >>> ma.maximum_fill_value(a)
+    -2147483648
+
+    An array of numeric data can also be passed.
+
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.int8)
+    >>> ma.maximum_fill_value(a)
+    -128
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.float32)
+    >>> ma.maximum_fill_value(a)
+    -inf
+
+    """
+    return _extremum_fill_value(obj, max_filler, "maximum")
+
+
+def _recursive_set_fill_value(fillvalue, dt):
+    """
+    Create a fill value for a structured dtype.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fillvalue : scalar or array_like
+        Scalar or array representing the fill value. If it is of shorter
+        length than the number of fields in dt, it will be resized.
+    dt : dtype
+        The structured dtype for which to create the fill value.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    val : tuple
+        A tuple of values corresponding to the structured fill value.
+
+    """
+    fillvalue = np.resize(fillvalue, len(dt.names))
+    output_value = []
+    for (fval, name) in zip(fillvalue, dt.names):
+        cdtype = dt[name]
+        if cdtype.subdtype:
+            cdtype = cdtype.subdtype[0]
+
+        if cdtype.names is not None:
+            output_value.append(tuple(_recursive_set_fill_value(fval, cdtype)))
+        else:
+            output_value.append(np.array(fval, dtype=cdtype).item())
+    return tuple(output_value)
+
+
+def _check_fill_value(fill_value, ndtype):
+    """
+    Private function validating the given `fill_value` for the given dtype.
+
+    If fill_value is None, it is set to the default corresponding to the dtype.
+
+    If fill_value is not None, its value is forced to the given dtype.
+
+    The result is always a 0d array.
+
+    """
+    ndtype = np.dtype(ndtype)
+    if fill_value is None:
+        fill_value = default_fill_value(ndtype)
+    elif ndtype.names is not None:
+        if isinstance(fill_value, (ndarray, np.void)):
+            try:
+                fill_value = np.array(fill_value, copy=False, dtype=ndtype)
+            except ValueError as e:
+                err_msg = "Unable to transform %s to dtype %s"
+                raise ValueError(err_msg % (fill_value, ndtype)) from e
+        else:
+            fill_value = np.asarray(fill_value, dtype=object)
+            fill_value = np.array(_recursive_set_fill_value(fill_value, ndtype),
+                                  dtype=ndtype)
+    else:
+        if isinstance(fill_value, str) and (ndtype.char not in 'OSVU'):
+            # Note this check doesn't work if fill_value is not a scalar
+            err_msg = "Cannot set fill value of string with array of dtype %s"
+            raise TypeError(err_msg % ndtype)
+        else:
+            # In case we want to convert 1e20 to int.
+            # Also in case of converting string arrays.
+            try:
+                fill_value = np.array(fill_value, copy=False, dtype=ndtype)
+            except (OverflowError, ValueError) as e:
+                # Raise TypeError instead of OverflowError or ValueError.
+                # OverflowError is seldom used, and the real problem here is
+                # that the passed fill_value is not compatible with the ndtype.
+                err_msg = "Cannot convert fill_value %s to dtype %s"
+                raise TypeError(err_msg % (fill_value, ndtype)) from e
+    return np.array(fill_value)
+
+
+def set_fill_value(a, fill_value):
+    """
+    Set the filling value of a, if a is a masked array.
+
+    This function changes the fill value of the masked array `a` in place.
+    If `a` is not a masked array, the function returns silently, without
+    doing anything.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array.
+    fill_value : dtype
+        Filling value. A consistency test is performed to make sure
+        the value is compatible with the dtype of `a`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    None
+        Nothing returned by this function.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    maximum_fill_value : Return the default fill value for a dtype.
+    MaskedArray.fill_value : Return current fill value.
+    MaskedArray.set_fill_value : Equivalent method.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.arange(5)
+    >>> a
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+    >>> a = ma.masked_where(a < 3, a)
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(data=[--, --, --, 3, 4],
+                 mask=[ True,  True,  True, False, False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+    >>> ma.set_fill_value(a, -999)
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(data=[--, --, --, 3, 4],
+                 mask=[ True,  True,  True, False, False],
+           fill_value=-999)
+
+    Nothing happens if `a` is not a masked array.
+
+    >>> a = list(range(5))
+    >>> a
+    [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+    >>> ma.set_fill_value(a, 100)
+    >>> a
+    [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+    >>> a = np.arange(5)
+    >>> a
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+    >>> ma.set_fill_value(a, 100)
+    >>> a
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(a, MaskedArray):
+        a.set_fill_value(fill_value)
+    return
+
+
+def get_fill_value(a):
+    """
+    Return the filling value of a, if any.  Otherwise, returns the
+    default filling value for that type.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(a, MaskedArray):
+        result = a.fill_value
+    else:
+        result = default_fill_value(a)
+    return result
+
+
+def common_fill_value(a, b):
+    """
+    Return the common filling value of two masked arrays, if any.
+
+    If ``a.fill_value == b.fill_value``, return the fill value,
+    otherwise return None.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a, b : MaskedArray
+        The masked arrays for which to compare fill values.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fill_value : scalar or None
+        The common fill value, or None.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.ma.array([0, 1.], fill_value=3)
+    >>> y = np.ma.array([0, 1.], fill_value=3)
+    >>> np.ma.common_fill_value(x, y)
+    3.0
+
+    """
+    t1 = get_fill_value(a)
+    t2 = get_fill_value(b)
+    if t1 == t2:
+        return t1
+    return None
+
+
+def filled(a, fill_value=None):
+    """
+    Return input as an array with masked data replaced by a fill value.
+
+    If `a` is not a `MaskedArray`, `a` itself is returned.
+    If `a` is a `MaskedArray` and `fill_value` is None, `fill_value` is set to
+    ``a.fill_value``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : MaskedArray or array_like
+        An input object.
+    fill_value : array_like, optional.
+        Can be scalar or non-scalar. If non-scalar, the
+        resulting filled array should be broadcastable
+        over input array. Default is None.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    a : ndarray
+        The filled array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    compressed
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.ma.array(np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3), mask=[[1, 0, 0],
+    ...                                                   [1, 0, 0],
+    ...                                                   [0, 0, 0]])
+    >>> x.filled()
+    array([[999999,      1,      2],
+           [999999,      4,      5],
+           [     6,      7,      8]])
+    >>> x.filled(fill_value=333)
+    array([[333,   1,   2],
+           [333,   4,   5],
+           [  6,   7,   8]])
+    >>> x.filled(fill_value=np.arange(3))
+    array([[0, 1, 2],
+           [0, 4, 5],
+           [6, 7, 8]])
+
+    """
+    if hasattr(a, 'filled'):
+        return a.filled(fill_value)
+
+    elif isinstance(a, ndarray):
+        # Should we check for contiguity ? and a.flags['CONTIGUOUS']:
+        return a
+    elif isinstance(a, dict):
+        return np.array(a, 'O')
+    else:
+        return np.array(a)
+
+
+def get_masked_subclass(*arrays):
+    """
+    Return the youngest subclass of MaskedArray from a list of (masked) arrays.
+
+    In case of siblings, the first listed takes over.
+
+    """
+    if len(arrays) == 1:
+        arr = arrays[0]
+        if isinstance(arr, MaskedArray):
+            rcls = type(arr)
+        else:
+            rcls = MaskedArray
+    else:
+        arrcls = [type(a) for a in arrays]
+        rcls = arrcls[0]
+        if not issubclass(rcls, MaskedArray):
+            rcls = MaskedArray
+        for cls in arrcls[1:]:
+            if issubclass(cls, rcls):
+                rcls = cls
+    # Don't return MaskedConstant as result: revert to MaskedArray
+    if rcls.__name__ == 'MaskedConstant':
+        return MaskedArray
+    return rcls
+
+
+def getdata(a, subok=True):
+    """
+    Return the data of a masked array as an ndarray.
+
+    Return the data of `a` (if any) as an ndarray if `a` is a ``MaskedArray``,
+    else return `a` as a ndarray or subclass (depending on `subok`) if not.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input ``MaskedArray``, alternatively a ndarray or a subclass thereof.
+    subok : bool
+        Whether to force the output to be a `pure` ndarray (False) or to
+        return a subclass of ndarray if appropriate (True, default).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    getmask : Return the mask of a masked array, or nomask.
+    getmaskarray : Return the mask of a masked array, or full array of False.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = ma.masked_equal([[1,2],[3,4]], 2)
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[1, --],
+            [3, 4]],
+      mask=[[False,  True],
+            [False, False]],
+      fill_value=2)
+    >>> ma.getdata(a)
+    array([[1, 2],
+           [3, 4]])
+
+    Equivalently use the ``MaskedArray`` `data` attribute.
+
+    >>> a.data
+    array([[1, 2],
+           [3, 4]])
+
+    """
+    try:
+        data = a._data
+    except AttributeError:
+        data = np.array(a, copy=False, subok=subok)
+    if not subok:
+        return data.view(ndarray)
+    return data
+
+
+get_data = getdata
+
+
+def fix_invalid(a, mask=nomask, copy=True, fill_value=None):
+    """
+    Return input with invalid data masked and replaced by a fill value.
+
+    Invalid data means values of `nan`, `inf`, etc.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array, a (subclass of) ndarray.
+    mask : sequence, optional
+        Mask. Must be convertible to an array of booleans with the same
+        shape as `data`. True indicates a masked (i.e. invalid) data.
+    copy : bool, optional
+        Whether to use a copy of `a` (True) or to fix `a` in place (False).
+        Default is True.
+    fill_value : scalar, optional
+        Value used for fixing invalid data. Default is None, in which case
+        the ``a.fill_value`` is used.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    b : MaskedArray
+        The input array with invalid entries fixed.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    A copy is performed by default.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.ma.array([1., -1, np.nan, np.inf], mask=[1] + [0]*3)
+    >>> x
+    masked_array(data=[--, -1.0, nan, inf],
+                 mask=[ True, False, False, False],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> np.ma.fix_invalid(x)
+    masked_array(data=[--, -1.0, --, --],
+                 mask=[ True, False,  True,  True],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    >>> fixed = np.ma.fix_invalid(x)
+    >>> fixed.data
+    array([ 1.e+00, -1.e+00,  1.e+20,  1.e+20])
+    >>> x.data
+    array([ 1., -1., nan, inf])
+
+    """
+    a = masked_array(a, copy=copy, mask=mask, subok=True)
+    invalid = np.logical_not(np.isfinite(a._data))
+    if not invalid.any():
+        return a
+    a._mask |= invalid
+    if fill_value is None:
+        fill_value = a.fill_value
+    a._data[invalid] = fill_value
+    return a
+
+def is_string_or_list_of_strings(val):
+    return (isinstance(val, str) or
+            (isinstance(val, list) and val and
+             builtins.all(isinstance(s, str) for s in val)))
+
+###############################################################################
+#                                  Ufuncs                                     #
+###############################################################################
+
+
+ufunc_domain = {}
+ufunc_fills = {}
+
+
+class _DomainCheckInterval:
+    """
+    Define a valid interval, so that :
+
+    ``domain_check_interval(a,b)(x) == True`` where
+    ``x < a`` or ``x > b``.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, a, b):
+        "domain_check_interval(a,b)(x) = true where x < a or y > b"
+        if a > b:
+            (a, b) = (b, a)
+        self.a = a
+        self.b = b
+
+    def __call__(self, x):
+        "Execute the call behavior."
+        # nans at masked positions cause RuntimeWarnings, even though
+        # they are masked. To avoid this we suppress warnings.
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            return umath.logical_or(umath.greater(x, self.b),
+                                    umath.less(x, self.a))
+
+
+class _DomainTan:
+    """
+    Define a valid interval for the `tan` function, so that:
+
+    ``domain_tan(eps) = True`` where ``abs(cos(x)) < eps``
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, eps):
+        "domain_tan(eps) = true where abs(cos(x)) < eps)"
+        self.eps = eps
+
+    def __call__(self, x):
+        "Executes the call behavior."
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            return umath.less(umath.absolute(umath.cos(x)), self.eps)
+
+
+class _DomainSafeDivide:
+    """
+    Define a domain for safe division.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, tolerance=None):
+        self.tolerance = tolerance
+
+    def __call__(self, a, b):
+        # Delay the selection of the tolerance to here in order to reduce numpy
+        # import times. The calculation of these parameters is a substantial
+        # component of numpy's import time.
+        if self.tolerance is None:
+            self.tolerance = np.finfo(float).tiny
+        # don't call ma ufuncs from __array_wrap__ which would fail for scalars
+        a, b = np.asarray(a), np.asarray(b)
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            return umath.absolute(a) * self.tolerance >= umath.absolute(b)
+
+
+class _DomainGreater:
+    """
+    DomainGreater(v)(x) is True where x <= v.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, critical_value):
+        "DomainGreater(v)(x) = true where x <= v"
+        self.critical_value = critical_value
+
+    def __call__(self, x):
+        "Executes the call behavior."
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            return umath.less_equal(x, self.critical_value)
+
+
+class _DomainGreaterEqual:
+    """
+    DomainGreaterEqual(v)(x) is True where x < v.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, critical_value):
+        "DomainGreaterEqual(v)(x) = true where x < v"
+        self.critical_value = critical_value
+
+    def __call__(self, x):
+        "Executes the call behavior."
+        with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+            return umath.less(x, self.critical_value)
+
+
+class _MaskedUFunc:
+    def __init__(self, ufunc):
+        self.f = ufunc
+        self.__doc__ = ufunc.__doc__
+        self.__name__ = ufunc.__name__
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"Masked version of {self.f}"
+
+
+class _MaskedUnaryOperation(_MaskedUFunc):
+    """
+    Defines masked version of unary operations, where invalid values are
+    pre-masked.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mufunc : callable
+        The function for which to define a masked version. Made available
+        as ``_MaskedUnaryOperation.f``.
+    fill : scalar, optional
+        Filling value, default is 0.
+    domain : class instance
+        Domain for the function. Should be one of the ``_Domain*``
+        classes. Default is None.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, mufunc, fill=0, domain=None):
+        super().__init__(mufunc)
+        self.fill = fill
+        self.domain = domain
+        ufunc_domain[mufunc] = domain
+        ufunc_fills[mufunc] = fill
+
+    def __call__(self, a, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Execute the call behavior.
+
+        """
+        d = getdata(a)
+        # Deal with domain
+        if self.domain is not None:
+            # Case 1.1. : Domained function
+            # nans at masked positions cause RuntimeWarnings, even though
+            # they are masked. To avoid this we suppress warnings.
+            with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+                result = self.f(d, *args, **kwargs)
+            # Make a mask
+            m = ~umath.isfinite(result)
+            m |= self.domain(d)
+            m |= getmask(a)
+        else:
+            # Case 1.2. : Function without a domain
+            # Get the result and the mask
+            with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+                result = self.f(d, *args, **kwargs)
+            m = getmask(a)
+
+        if not result.ndim:
+            # Case 2.1. : The result is scalarscalar
+            if m:
+                return masked
+            return result
+
+        if m is not nomask:
+            # Case 2.2. The result is an array
+            # We need to fill the invalid data back w/ the input Now,
+            # that's plain silly: in C, we would just skip the element and
+            # keep the original, but we do have to do it that way in Python
+
+            # In case result has a lower dtype than the inputs (as in
+            # equal)
+            try:
+                np.copyto(result, d, where=m)
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+        # Transform to
+        masked_result = result.view(get_masked_subclass(a))
+        masked_result._mask = m
+        masked_result._update_from(a)
+        return masked_result
+
+
+class _MaskedBinaryOperation(_MaskedUFunc):
+    """
+    Define masked version of binary operations, where invalid
+    values are pre-masked.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mbfunc : function
+        The function for which to define a masked version. Made available
+        as ``_MaskedBinaryOperation.f``.
+    domain : class instance
+        Default domain for the function. Should be one of the ``_Domain*``
+        classes. Default is None.
+    fillx : scalar, optional
+        Filling value for the first argument, default is 0.
+    filly : scalar, optional
+        Filling value for the second argument, default is 0.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, mbfunc, fillx=0, filly=0):
+        """
+        abfunc(fillx, filly) must be defined.
+
+        abfunc(x, filly) = x for all x to enable reduce.
+
+        """
+        super().__init__(mbfunc)
+        self.fillx = fillx
+        self.filly = filly
+        ufunc_domain[mbfunc] = None
+        ufunc_fills[mbfunc] = (fillx, filly)
+
+    def __call__(self, a, b, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Execute the call behavior.
+
+        """
+        # Get the data, as ndarray
+        (da, db) = (getdata(a), getdata(b))
+        # Get the result
+        with np.errstate():
+            np.seterr(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore')
+            result = self.f(da, db, *args, **kwargs)
+        # Get the mask for the result
+        (ma, mb) = (getmask(a), getmask(b))
+        if ma is nomask:
+            if mb is nomask:
+                m = nomask
+            else:
+                m = umath.logical_or(getmaskarray(a), mb)
+        elif mb is nomask:
+            m = umath.logical_or(ma, getmaskarray(b))
+        else:
+            m = umath.logical_or(ma, mb)
+
+        # Case 1. : scalar
+        if not result.ndim:
+            if m:
+                return masked
+            return result
+
+        # Case 2. : array
+        # Revert result to da where masked
+        if m is not nomask and m.any():
+            # any errors, just abort; impossible to guarantee masked values
+            try:
+                np.copyto(result, da, casting='unsafe', where=m)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+        # Transforms to a (subclass of) MaskedArray
+        masked_result = result.view(get_masked_subclass(a, b))
+        masked_result._mask = m
+        if isinstance(a, MaskedArray):
+            masked_result._update_from(a)
+        elif isinstance(b, MaskedArray):
+            masked_result._update_from(b)
+        return masked_result
+
+    def reduce(self, target, axis=0, dtype=None):
+        """
+        Reduce `target` along the given `axis`.
+
+        """
+        tclass = get_masked_subclass(target)
+        m = getmask(target)
+        t = filled(target, self.filly)
+        if t.shape == ():
+            t = t.reshape(1)
+            if m is not nomask:
+                m = make_mask(m, copy=True)
+                m.shape = (1,)
+
+        if m is nomask:
+            tr = self.f.reduce(t, axis)
+            mr = nomask
+        else:
+            tr = self.f.reduce(t, axis, dtype=dtype)
+            mr = umath.logical_and.reduce(m, axis)
+
+        if not tr.shape:
+            if mr:
+                return masked
+            else:
+                return tr
+        masked_tr = tr.view(tclass)
+        masked_tr._mask = mr
+        return masked_tr
+
+    def outer(self, a, b):
+        """
+        Return the function applied to the outer product of a and b.
+
+        """
+        (da, db) = (getdata(a), getdata(b))
+        d = self.f.outer(da, db)
+        ma = getmask(a)
+        mb = getmask(b)
+        if ma is nomask and mb is nomask:
+            m = nomask
+        else:
+            ma = getmaskarray(a)
+            mb = getmaskarray(b)
+            m = umath.logical_or.outer(ma, mb)
+        if (not m.ndim) and m:
+            return masked
+        if m is not nomask:
+            np.copyto(d, da, where=m)
+        if not d.shape:
+            return d
+        masked_d = d.view(get_masked_subclass(a, b))
+        masked_d._mask = m
+        return masked_d
+
+    def accumulate(self, target, axis=0):
+        """Accumulate `target` along `axis` after filling with y fill
+        value.
+
+        """
+        tclass = get_masked_subclass(target)
+        t = filled(target, self.filly)
+        result = self.f.accumulate(t, axis)
+        masked_result = result.view(tclass)
+        return masked_result
+
+
+
+class _DomainedBinaryOperation(_MaskedUFunc):
+    """
+    Define binary operations that have a domain, like divide.
+
+    They have no reduce, outer or accumulate.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mbfunc : function
+        The function for which to define a masked version. Made available
+        as ``_DomainedBinaryOperation.f``.
+    domain : class instance
+        Default domain for the function. Should be one of the ``_Domain*``
+        classes.
+    fillx : scalar, optional
+        Filling value for the first argument, default is 0.
+    filly : scalar, optional
+        Filling value for the second argument, default is 0.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, dbfunc, domain, fillx=0, filly=0):
+        """abfunc(fillx, filly) must be defined.
+           abfunc(x, filly) = x for all x to enable reduce.
+        """
+        super().__init__(dbfunc)
+        self.domain = domain
+        self.fillx = fillx
+        self.filly = filly
+        ufunc_domain[dbfunc] = domain
+        ufunc_fills[dbfunc] = (fillx, filly)
+
+    def __call__(self, a, b, *args, **kwargs):
+        "Execute the call behavior."
+        # Get the data
+        (da, db) = (getdata(a), getdata(b))
+        # Get the result
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+            result = self.f(da, db, *args, **kwargs)
+        # Get the mask as a combination of the source masks and invalid
+        m = ~umath.isfinite(result)
+        m |= getmask(a)
+        m |= getmask(b)
+        # Apply the domain
+        domain = ufunc_domain.get(self.f, None)
+        if domain is not None:
+            m |= domain(da, db)
+        # Take care of the scalar case first
+        if not m.ndim:
+            if m:
+                return masked
+            else:
+                return result
+        # When the mask is True, put back da if possible
+        # any errors, just abort; impossible to guarantee masked values
+        try:
+            np.copyto(result, 0, casting='unsafe', where=m)
+            # avoid using "*" since this may be overlaid
+            masked_da = umath.multiply(m, da)
+            # only add back if it can be cast safely
+            if np.can_cast(masked_da.dtype, result.dtype, casting='safe'):
+                result += masked_da
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        # Transforms to a (subclass of) MaskedArray
+        masked_result = result.view(get_masked_subclass(a, b))
+        masked_result._mask = m
+        if isinstance(a, MaskedArray):
+            masked_result._update_from(a)
+        elif isinstance(b, MaskedArray):
+            masked_result._update_from(b)
+        return masked_result
+
+
+# Unary ufuncs
+exp = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.exp)
+conjugate = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.conjugate)
+sin = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.sin)
+cos = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.cos)
+arctan = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.arctan)
+arcsinh = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.arcsinh)
+sinh = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.sinh)
+cosh = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.cosh)
+tanh = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.tanh)
+abs = absolute = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.absolute)
+angle = _MaskedUnaryOperation(angle)  # from numpy.lib.function_base
+fabs = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.fabs)
+negative = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.negative)
+floor = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.floor)
+ceil = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.ceil)
+around = _MaskedUnaryOperation(np.round_)
+logical_not = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.logical_not)
+
+# Domained unary ufuncs
+sqrt = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.sqrt, 0.0,
+                             _DomainGreaterEqual(0.0))
+log = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.log, 1.0,
+                            _DomainGreater(0.0))
+log2 = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.log2, 1.0,
+                             _DomainGreater(0.0))
+log10 = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.log10, 1.0,
+                              _DomainGreater(0.0))
+tan = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.tan, 0.0,
+                            _DomainTan(1e-35))
+arcsin = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.arcsin, 0.0,
+                               _DomainCheckInterval(-1.0, 1.0))
+arccos = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.arccos, 0.0,
+                               _DomainCheckInterval(-1.0, 1.0))
+arccosh = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.arccosh, 1.0,
+                                _DomainGreaterEqual(1.0))
+arctanh = _MaskedUnaryOperation(umath.arctanh, 0.0,
+                                _DomainCheckInterval(-1.0 + 1e-15, 1.0 - 1e-15))
+
+# Binary ufuncs
+add = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.add)
+subtract = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.subtract)
+multiply = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.multiply, 1, 1)
+arctan2 = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.arctan2, 0.0, 1.0)
+equal = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.equal)
+equal.reduce = None
+not_equal = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.not_equal)
+not_equal.reduce = None
+less_equal = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.less_equal)
+less_equal.reduce = None
+greater_equal = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.greater_equal)
+greater_equal.reduce = None
+less = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.less)
+less.reduce = None
+greater = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.greater)
+greater.reduce = None
+logical_and = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.logical_and)
+alltrue = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.logical_and, 1, 1).reduce
+logical_or = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.logical_or)
+sometrue = logical_or.reduce
+logical_xor = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.logical_xor)
+bitwise_and = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.bitwise_and)
+bitwise_or = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.bitwise_or)
+bitwise_xor = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.bitwise_xor)
+hypot = _MaskedBinaryOperation(umath.hypot)
+
+# Domained binary ufuncs
+divide = _DomainedBinaryOperation(umath.divide, _DomainSafeDivide(), 0, 1)
+true_divide = _DomainedBinaryOperation(umath.true_divide,
+                                       _DomainSafeDivide(), 0, 1)
+floor_divide = _DomainedBinaryOperation(umath.floor_divide,
+                                        _DomainSafeDivide(), 0, 1)
+remainder = _DomainedBinaryOperation(umath.remainder,
+                                     _DomainSafeDivide(), 0, 1)
+fmod = _DomainedBinaryOperation(umath.fmod, _DomainSafeDivide(), 0, 1)
+mod = _DomainedBinaryOperation(umath.mod, _DomainSafeDivide(), 0, 1)
+
+
+###############################################################################
+#                        Mask creation functions                              #
+###############################################################################
+
+
+def _replace_dtype_fields_recursive(dtype, primitive_dtype):
+    "Private function allowing recursion in _replace_dtype_fields."
+    _recurse = _replace_dtype_fields_recursive
+
+    # Do we have some name fields ?
+    if dtype.names is not None:
+        descr = []
+        for name in dtype.names:
+            field = dtype.fields[name]
+            if len(field) == 3:
+                # Prepend the title to the name
+                name = (field[-1], name)
+            descr.append((name, _recurse(field[0], primitive_dtype)))
+        new_dtype = np.dtype(descr)
+
+    # Is this some kind of composite a la (float,2)
+    elif dtype.subdtype:
+        descr = list(dtype.subdtype)
+        descr[0] = _recurse(dtype.subdtype[0], primitive_dtype)
+        new_dtype = np.dtype(tuple(descr))
+
+    # this is a primitive type, so do a direct replacement
+    else:
+        new_dtype = primitive_dtype
+
+    # preserve identity of dtypes
+    if new_dtype == dtype:
+        new_dtype = dtype
+
+    return new_dtype
+
+
+def _replace_dtype_fields(dtype, primitive_dtype):
+    """
+    Construct a dtype description list from a given dtype.
+
+    Returns a new dtype object, with all fields and subtypes in the given type
+    recursively replaced with `primitive_dtype`.
+
+    Arguments are coerced to dtypes first.
+    """
+    dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+    primitive_dtype = np.dtype(primitive_dtype)
+    return _replace_dtype_fields_recursive(dtype, primitive_dtype)
+
+
+def make_mask_descr(ndtype):
+    """
+    Construct a dtype description list from a given dtype.
+
+    Returns a new dtype object, with the type of all fields in `ndtype` to a
+    boolean type. Field names are not altered.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ndtype : dtype
+        The dtype to convert.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : dtype
+        A dtype that looks like `ndtype`, the type of all fields is boolean.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> dtype = np.dtype({'names':['foo', 'bar'],
+    ...                   'formats':[np.float32, np.int64]})
+    >>> dtype
+    dtype([('foo', '>> ma.make_mask_descr(dtype)
+    dtype([('foo', '|b1'), ('bar', '|b1')])
+    >>> ma.make_mask_descr(np.float32)
+    dtype('bool')
+
+    """
+    return _replace_dtype_fields(ndtype, MaskType)
+
+
+def getmask(a):
+    """
+    Return the mask of a masked array, or nomask.
+
+    Return the mask of `a` as an ndarray if `a` is a `MaskedArray` and the
+    mask is not `nomask`, else return `nomask`. To guarantee a full array
+    of booleans of the same shape as a, use `getmaskarray`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input `MaskedArray` for which the mask is required.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    getdata : Return the data of a masked array as an ndarray.
+    getmaskarray : Return the mask of a masked array, or full array of False.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = ma.masked_equal([[1,2],[3,4]], 2)
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[1, --],
+            [3, 4]],
+      mask=[[False,  True],
+            [False, False]],
+      fill_value=2)
+    >>> ma.getmask(a)
+    array([[False,  True],
+           [False, False]])
+
+    Equivalently use the `MaskedArray` `mask` attribute.
+
+    >>> a.mask
+    array([[False,  True],
+           [False, False]])
+
+    Result when mask == `nomask`
+
+    >>> b = ma.masked_array([[1,2],[3,4]])
+    >>> b
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[1, 2],
+            [3, 4]],
+      mask=False,
+      fill_value=999999)
+    >>> ma.nomask
+    False
+    >>> ma.getmask(b) == ma.nomask
+    True
+    >>> b.mask == ma.nomask
+    True
+
+    """
+    return getattr(a, '_mask', nomask)
+
+
+get_mask = getmask
+
+
+def getmaskarray(arr):
+    """
+    Return the mask of a masked array, or full boolean array of False.
+
+    Return the mask of `arr` as an ndarray if `arr` is a `MaskedArray` and
+    the mask is not `nomask`, else return a full boolean array of False of
+    the same shape as `arr`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : array_like
+        Input `MaskedArray` for which the mask is required.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    getmask : Return the mask of a masked array, or nomask.
+    getdata : Return the data of a masked array as an ndarray.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = ma.masked_equal([[1,2],[3,4]], 2)
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[1, --],
+            [3, 4]],
+      mask=[[False,  True],
+            [False, False]],
+      fill_value=2)
+    >>> ma.getmaskarray(a)
+    array([[False,  True],
+           [False, False]])
+
+    Result when mask == ``nomask``
+
+    >>> b = ma.masked_array([[1,2],[3,4]])
+    >>> b
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[1, 2],
+            [3, 4]],
+      mask=False,
+      fill_value=999999)
+    >>> ma.getmaskarray(b)
+    array([[False, False],
+           [False, False]])
+
+    """
+    mask = getmask(arr)
+    if mask is nomask:
+        mask = make_mask_none(np.shape(arr), getattr(arr, 'dtype', None))
+    return mask
+
+
+def is_mask(m):
+    """
+    Return True if m is a valid, standard mask.
+
+    This function does not check the contents of the input, only that the
+    type is MaskType. In particular, this function returns False if the
+    mask has a flexible dtype.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    m : array_like
+        Array to test.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : bool
+        True if `m.dtype.type` is MaskType, False otherwise.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    ma.isMaskedArray : Test whether input is an instance of MaskedArray.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> m = ma.masked_equal([0, 1, 0, 2, 3], 0)
+    >>> m
+    masked_array(data=[--, 1, --, 2, 3],
+                 mask=[ True, False,  True, False, False],
+           fill_value=0)
+    >>> ma.is_mask(m)
+    False
+    >>> ma.is_mask(m.mask)
+    True
+
+    Input must be an ndarray (or have similar attributes)
+    for it to be considered a valid mask.
+
+    >>> m = [False, True, False]
+    >>> ma.is_mask(m)
+    False
+    >>> m = np.array([False, True, False])
+    >>> m
+    array([False,  True, False])
+    >>> ma.is_mask(m)
+    True
+
+    Arrays with complex dtypes don't return True.
+
+    >>> dtype = np.dtype({'names':['monty', 'pithon'],
+    ...                   'formats':[bool, bool]})
+    >>> dtype
+    dtype([('monty', '|b1'), ('pithon', '|b1')])
+    >>> m = np.array([(True, False), (False, True), (True, False)],
+    ...              dtype=dtype)
+    >>> m
+    array([( True, False), (False,  True), ( True, False)],
+          dtype=[('monty', '?'), ('pithon', '?')])
+    >>> ma.is_mask(m)
+    False
+
+    """
+    try:
+        return m.dtype.type is MaskType
+    except AttributeError:
+        return False
+
+
+def _shrink_mask(m):
+    """
+    Shrink a mask to nomask if possible
+    """
+    if m.dtype.names is None and not m.any():
+        return nomask
+    else:
+        return m
+
+
+def make_mask(m, copy=False, shrink=True, dtype=MaskType):
+    """
+    Create a boolean mask from an array.
+
+    Return `m` as a boolean mask, creating a copy if necessary or requested.
+    The function can accept any sequence that is convertible to integers,
+    or ``nomask``.  Does not require that contents must be 0s and 1s, values
+    of 0 are interpreted as False, everything else as True.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    m : array_like
+        Potential mask.
+    copy : bool, optional
+        Whether to return a copy of `m` (True) or `m` itself (False).
+    shrink : bool, optional
+        Whether to shrink `m` to ``nomask`` if all its values are False.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+        Data-type of the output mask. By default, the output mask has a
+        dtype of MaskType (bool). If the dtype is flexible, each field has
+        a boolean dtype. This is ignored when `m` is ``nomask``, in which
+        case ``nomask`` is always returned.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : ndarray
+        A boolean mask derived from `m`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> m = [True, False, True, True]
+    >>> ma.make_mask(m)
+    array([ True, False,  True,  True])
+    >>> m = [1, 0, 1, 1]
+    >>> ma.make_mask(m)
+    array([ True, False,  True,  True])
+    >>> m = [1, 0, 2, -3]
+    >>> ma.make_mask(m)
+    array([ True, False,  True,  True])
+
+    Effect of the `shrink` parameter.
+
+    >>> m = np.zeros(4)
+    >>> m
+    array([0., 0., 0., 0.])
+    >>> ma.make_mask(m)
+    False
+    >>> ma.make_mask(m, shrink=False)
+    array([False, False, False, False])
+
+    Using a flexible `dtype`.
+
+    >>> m = [1, 0, 1, 1]
+    >>> n = [0, 1, 0, 0]
+    >>> arr = []
+    >>> for man, mouse in zip(m, n):
+    ...     arr.append((man, mouse))
+    >>> arr
+    [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 0)]
+    >>> dtype = np.dtype({'names':['man', 'mouse'],
+    ...                   'formats':[np.int64, np.int64]})
+    >>> arr = np.array(arr, dtype=dtype)
+    >>> arr
+    array([(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 0)],
+          dtype=[('man', '>> ma.make_mask(arr, dtype=dtype)
+    array([(True, False), (False, True), (True, False), (True, False)],
+          dtype=[('man', '|b1'), ('mouse', '|b1')])
+
+    """
+    if m is nomask:
+        return nomask
+
+    # Make sure the input dtype is valid.
+    dtype = make_mask_descr(dtype)
+
+    # legacy boolean special case: "existence of fields implies true"
+    if isinstance(m, ndarray) and m.dtype.fields and dtype == np.bool_:
+        return np.ones(m.shape, dtype=dtype)
+
+    # Fill the mask in case there are missing data; turn it into an ndarray.
+    result = np.array(filled(m, True), copy=copy, dtype=dtype, subok=True)
+    # Bas les masques !
+    if shrink:
+        result = _shrink_mask(result)
+    return result
+
+
+def make_mask_none(newshape, dtype=None):
+    """
+    Return a boolean mask of the given shape, filled with False.
+
+    This function returns a boolean ndarray with all entries False, that can
+    be used in common mask manipulations. If a complex dtype is specified, the
+    type of each field is converted to a boolean type.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    newshape : tuple
+        A tuple indicating the shape of the mask.
+    dtype : {None, dtype}, optional
+        If None, use a MaskType instance. Otherwise, use a new datatype with
+        the same fields as `dtype`, converted to boolean types.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : ndarray
+        An ndarray of appropriate shape and dtype, filled with False.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    make_mask : Create a boolean mask from an array.
+    make_mask_descr : Construct a dtype description list from a given dtype.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> ma.make_mask_none((3,))
+    array([False, False, False])
+
+    Defining a more complex dtype.
+
+    >>> dtype = np.dtype({'names':['foo', 'bar'],
+    ...                   'formats':[np.float32, np.int64]})
+    >>> dtype
+    dtype([('foo', '>> ma.make_mask_none((3,), dtype=dtype)
+    array([(False, False), (False, False), (False, False)],
+          dtype=[('foo', '|b1'), ('bar', '|b1')])
+
+    """
+    if dtype is None:
+        result = np.zeros(newshape, dtype=MaskType)
+    else:
+        result = np.zeros(newshape, dtype=make_mask_descr(dtype))
+    return result
+
+
+def _recursive_mask_or(m1, m2, newmask):
+    names = m1.dtype.names
+    for name in names:
+        current1 = m1[name]
+        if current1.dtype.names is not None:
+            _recursive_mask_or(current1, m2[name], newmask[name])
+        else:
+            umath.logical_or(current1, m2[name], newmask[name])
+
+
+def mask_or(m1, m2, copy=False, shrink=True):
+    """
+    Combine two masks with the ``logical_or`` operator.
+
+    The result may be a view on `m1` or `m2` if the other is `nomask`
+    (i.e. False).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    m1, m2 : array_like
+        Input masks.
+    copy : bool, optional
+        If copy is False and one of the inputs is `nomask`, return a view
+        of the other input mask. Defaults to False.
+    shrink : bool, optional
+        Whether to shrink the output to `nomask` if all its values are
+        False. Defaults to True.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    mask : output mask
+        The result masks values that are masked in either `m1` or `m2`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If `m1` and `m2` have different flexible dtypes.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> m1 = np.ma.make_mask([0, 1, 1, 0])
+    >>> m2 = np.ma.make_mask([1, 0, 0, 0])
+    >>> np.ma.mask_or(m1, m2)
+    array([ True,  True,  True, False])
+
+    """
+
+    if (m1 is nomask) or (m1 is False):
+        dtype = getattr(m2, 'dtype', MaskType)
+        return make_mask(m2, copy=copy, shrink=shrink, dtype=dtype)
+    if (m2 is nomask) or (m2 is False):
+        dtype = getattr(m1, 'dtype', MaskType)
+        return make_mask(m1, copy=copy, shrink=shrink, dtype=dtype)
+    if m1 is m2 and is_mask(m1):
+        return m1
+    (dtype1, dtype2) = (getattr(m1, 'dtype', None), getattr(m2, 'dtype', None))
+    if dtype1 != dtype2:
+        raise ValueError("Incompatible dtypes '%s'<>'%s'" % (dtype1, dtype2))
+    if dtype1.names is not None:
+        # Allocate an output mask array with the properly broadcast shape.
+        newmask = np.empty(np.broadcast(m1, m2).shape, dtype1)
+        _recursive_mask_or(m1, m2, newmask)
+        return newmask
+    return make_mask(umath.logical_or(m1, m2), copy=copy, shrink=shrink)
+
+
+def flatten_mask(mask):
+    """
+    Returns a completely flattened version of the mask, where nested fields
+    are collapsed.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mask : array_like
+        Input array, which will be interpreted as booleans.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    flattened_mask : ndarray of bools
+        The flattened input.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> mask = np.array([0, 0, 1])
+    >>> np.ma.flatten_mask(mask)
+    array([False, False,  True])
+
+    >>> mask = np.array([(0, 0), (0, 1)], dtype=[('a', bool), ('b', bool)])
+    >>> np.ma.flatten_mask(mask)
+    array([False, False, False,  True])
+
+    >>> mdtype = [('a', bool), ('b', [('ba', bool), ('bb', bool)])]
+    >>> mask = np.array([(0, (0, 0)), (0, (0, 1))], dtype=mdtype)
+    >>> np.ma.flatten_mask(mask)
+    array([False, False, False, False, False,  True])
+
+    """
+
+    def _flatmask(mask):
+        "Flatten the mask and returns a (maybe nested) sequence of booleans."
+        mnames = mask.dtype.names
+        if mnames is not None:
+            return [flatten_mask(mask[name]) for name in mnames]
+        else:
+            return mask
+
+    def _flatsequence(sequence):
+        "Generates a flattened version of the sequence."
+        try:
+            for element in sequence:
+                if hasattr(element, '__iter__'):
+                    yield from _flatsequence(element)
+                else:
+                    yield element
+        except TypeError:
+            yield sequence
+
+    mask = np.asarray(mask)
+    flattened = _flatsequence(_flatmask(mask))
+    return np.array([_ for _ in flattened], dtype=bool)
+
+
+def _check_mask_axis(mask, axis, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+    "Check whether there are masked values along the given axis"
+    kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+    if mask is not nomask:
+        return mask.all(axis=axis, **kwargs)
+    return nomask
+
+
+###############################################################################
+#                             Masking functions                               #
+###############################################################################
+
+def masked_where(condition, a, copy=True):
+    """
+    Mask an array where a condition is met.
+
+    Return `a` as an array masked where `condition` is True.
+    Any masked values of `a` or `condition` are also masked in the output.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    condition : array_like
+        Masking condition.  When `condition` tests floating point values for
+        equality, consider using ``masked_values`` instead.
+    a : array_like
+        Array to mask.
+    copy : bool
+        If True (default) make a copy of `a` in the result.  If False modify
+        `a` in place and return a view.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : MaskedArray
+        The result of masking `a` where `condition` is True.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_values : Mask using floating point equality.
+    masked_equal : Mask where equal to a given value.
+    masked_not_equal : Mask where `not` equal to a given value.
+    masked_less_equal : Mask where less than or equal to a given value.
+    masked_greater_equal : Mask where greater than or equal to a given value.
+    masked_less : Mask where less than a given value.
+    masked_greater : Mask where greater than a given value.
+    masked_inside : Mask inside a given interval.
+    masked_outside : Mask outside a given interval.
+    masked_invalid : Mask invalid values (NaNs or infs).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.arange(4)
+    >>> a
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3])
+    >>> ma.masked_where(a <= 2, a)
+    masked_array(data=[--, --, --, 3],
+                 mask=[ True,  True,  True, False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    Mask array `b` conditional on `a`.
+
+    >>> b = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+    >>> ma.masked_where(a == 2, b)
+    masked_array(data=['a', 'b', --, 'd'],
+                 mask=[False, False,  True, False],
+           fill_value='N/A',
+                dtype='>> c = ma.masked_where(a <= 2, a)
+    >>> c
+    masked_array(data=[--, --, --, 3],
+                 mask=[ True,  True,  True, False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+    >>> c[0] = 99
+    >>> c
+    masked_array(data=[99, --, --, 3],
+                 mask=[False,  True,  True, False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+    >>> a
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3])
+    >>> c = ma.masked_where(a <= 2, a, copy=False)
+    >>> c[0] = 99
+    >>> c
+    masked_array(data=[99, --, --, 3],
+                 mask=[False,  True,  True, False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+    >>> a
+    array([99,  1,  2,  3])
+
+    When `condition` or `a` contain masked values.
+
+    >>> a = np.arange(4)
+    >>> a = ma.masked_where(a == 2, a)
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(data=[0, 1, --, 3],
+                 mask=[False, False,  True, False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+    >>> b = np.arange(4)
+    >>> b = ma.masked_where(b == 0, b)
+    >>> b
+    masked_array(data=[--, 1, 2, 3],
+                 mask=[ True, False, False, False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+    >>> ma.masked_where(a == 3, b)
+    masked_array(data=[--, 1, --, --],
+                 mask=[ True, False,  True,  True],
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    # Make sure that condition is a valid standard-type mask.
+    cond = make_mask(condition, shrink=False)
+    a = np.array(a, copy=copy, subok=True)
+
+    (cshape, ashape) = (cond.shape, a.shape)
+    if cshape and cshape != ashape:
+        raise IndexError("Inconsistent shape between the condition and the input"
+                         " (got %s and %s)" % (cshape, ashape))
+    if hasattr(a, '_mask'):
+        cond = mask_or(cond, a._mask)
+        cls = type(a)
+    else:
+        cls = MaskedArray
+    result = a.view(cls)
+    # Assign to *.mask so that structured masks are handled correctly.
+    result.mask = _shrink_mask(cond)
+    # There is no view of a boolean so when 'a' is a MaskedArray with nomask
+    # the update to the result's mask has no effect.
+    if not copy and hasattr(a, '_mask') and getmask(a) is nomask:
+        a._mask = result._mask.view()
+    return result
+
+
+def masked_greater(x, value, copy=True):
+    """
+    Mask an array where greater than a given value.
+
+    This function is a shortcut to ``masked_where``, with
+    `condition` = (x > value).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.arange(4)
+    >>> a
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3])
+    >>> ma.masked_greater(a, 2)
+    masked_array(data=[0, 1, 2, --],
+                 mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    return masked_where(greater(x, value), x, copy=copy)
+
+
+def masked_greater_equal(x, value, copy=True):
+    """
+    Mask an array where greater than or equal to a given value.
+
+    This function is a shortcut to ``masked_where``, with
+    `condition` = (x >= value).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.arange(4)
+    >>> a
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3])
+    >>> ma.masked_greater_equal(a, 2)
+    masked_array(data=[0, 1, --, --],
+                 mask=[False, False,  True,  True],
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    return masked_where(greater_equal(x, value), x, copy=copy)
+
+
+def masked_less(x, value, copy=True):
+    """
+    Mask an array where less than a given value.
+
+    This function is a shortcut to ``masked_where``, with
+    `condition` = (x < value).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.arange(4)
+    >>> a
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3])
+    >>> ma.masked_less(a, 2)
+    masked_array(data=[--, --, 2, 3],
+                 mask=[ True,  True, False, False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    return masked_where(less(x, value), x, copy=copy)
+
+
+def masked_less_equal(x, value, copy=True):
+    """
+    Mask an array where less than or equal to a given value.
+
+    This function is a shortcut to ``masked_where``, with
+    `condition` = (x <= value).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.arange(4)
+    >>> a
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3])
+    >>> ma.masked_less_equal(a, 2)
+    masked_array(data=[--, --, --, 3],
+                 mask=[ True,  True,  True, False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    return masked_where(less_equal(x, value), x, copy=copy)
+
+
+def masked_not_equal(x, value, copy=True):
+    """
+    Mask an array where `not` equal to a given value.
+
+    This function is a shortcut to ``masked_where``, with
+    `condition` = (x != value).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.arange(4)
+    >>> a
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3])
+    >>> ma.masked_not_equal(a, 2)
+    masked_array(data=[--, --, 2, --],
+                 mask=[ True,  True, False,  True],
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    return masked_where(not_equal(x, value), x, copy=copy)
+
+
+def masked_equal(x, value, copy=True):
+    """
+    Mask an array where equal to a given value.
+
+    Return a MaskedArray, masked where the data in array `x` are
+    equal to `value`. The fill_value of the returned MaskedArray
+    is set to `value`.
+
+    For floating point arrays, consider using ``masked_values(x, value)``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+    masked_values : Mask using floating point equality.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.arange(4)
+    >>> a
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3])
+    >>> ma.masked_equal(a, 2)
+    masked_array(data=[0, 1, --, 3],
+                 mask=[False, False,  True, False],
+           fill_value=2)
+
+    """
+    output = masked_where(equal(x, value), x, copy=copy)
+    output.fill_value = value
+    return output
+
+
+def masked_inside(x, v1, v2, copy=True):
+    """
+    Mask an array inside a given interval.
+
+    Shortcut to ``masked_where``, where `condition` is True for `x` inside
+    the interval [v1,v2] (v1 <= x <= v2).  The boundaries `v1` and `v2`
+    can be given in either order.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The array `x` is prefilled with its filling value.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> x = [0.31, 1.2, 0.01, 0.2, -0.4, -1.1]
+    >>> ma.masked_inside(x, -0.3, 0.3)
+    masked_array(data=[0.31, 1.2, --, --, -0.4, -1.1],
+                 mask=[False, False,  True,  True, False, False],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    The order of `v1` and `v2` doesn't matter.
+
+    >>> ma.masked_inside(x, 0.3, -0.3)
+    masked_array(data=[0.31, 1.2, --, --, -0.4, -1.1],
+                 mask=[False, False,  True,  True, False, False],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    """
+    if v2 < v1:
+        (v1, v2) = (v2, v1)
+    xf = filled(x)
+    condition = (xf >= v1) & (xf <= v2)
+    return masked_where(condition, x, copy=copy)
+
+
+def masked_outside(x, v1, v2, copy=True):
+    """
+    Mask an array outside a given interval.
+
+    Shortcut to ``masked_where``, where `condition` is True for `x` outside
+    the interval [v1,v2] (x < v1)|(x > v2).
+    The boundaries `v1` and `v2` can be given in either order.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The array `x` is prefilled with its filling value.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> x = [0.31, 1.2, 0.01, 0.2, -0.4, -1.1]
+    >>> ma.masked_outside(x, -0.3, 0.3)
+    masked_array(data=[--, --, 0.01, 0.2, --, --],
+                 mask=[ True,  True, False, False,  True,  True],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    The order of `v1` and `v2` doesn't matter.
+
+    >>> ma.masked_outside(x, 0.3, -0.3)
+    masked_array(data=[--, --, 0.01, 0.2, --, --],
+                 mask=[ True,  True, False, False,  True,  True],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    """
+    if v2 < v1:
+        (v1, v2) = (v2, v1)
+    xf = filled(x)
+    condition = (xf < v1) | (xf > v2)
+    return masked_where(condition, x, copy=copy)
+
+
+def masked_object(x, value, copy=True, shrink=True):
+    """
+    Mask the array `x` where the data are exactly equal to value.
+
+    This function is similar to `masked_values`, but only suitable
+    for object arrays: for floating point, use `masked_values` instead.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Array to mask
+    value : object
+        Comparison value
+    copy : {True, False}, optional
+        Whether to return a copy of `x`.
+    shrink : {True, False}, optional
+        Whether to collapse a mask full of False to nomask
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : MaskedArray
+        The result of masking `x` where equal to `value`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+    masked_equal : Mask where equal to a given value (integers).
+    masked_values : Mask using floating point equality.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> food = np.array(['green_eggs', 'ham'], dtype=object)
+    >>> # don't eat spoiled food
+    >>> eat = ma.masked_object(food, 'green_eggs')
+    >>> eat
+    masked_array(data=[--, 'ham'],
+                 mask=[ True, False],
+           fill_value='green_eggs',
+                dtype=object)
+    >>> # plain ol` ham is boring
+    >>> fresh_food = np.array(['cheese', 'ham', 'pineapple'], dtype=object)
+    >>> eat = ma.masked_object(fresh_food, 'green_eggs')
+    >>> eat
+    masked_array(data=['cheese', 'ham', 'pineapple'],
+                 mask=False,
+           fill_value='green_eggs',
+                dtype=object)
+
+    Note that `mask` is set to ``nomask`` if possible.
+
+    >>> eat
+    masked_array(data=['cheese', 'ham', 'pineapple'],
+                 mask=False,
+           fill_value='green_eggs',
+                dtype=object)
+
+    """
+    if isMaskedArray(x):
+        condition = umath.equal(x._data, value)
+        mask = x._mask
+    else:
+        condition = umath.equal(np.asarray(x), value)
+        mask = nomask
+    mask = mask_or(mask, make_mask(condition, shrink=shrink))
+    return masked_array(x, mask=mask, copy=copy, fill_value=value)
+
+
+def masked_values(x, value, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-8, copy=True, shrink=True):
+    """
+    Mask using floating point equality.
+
+    Return a MaskedArray, masked where the data in array `x` are approximately
+    equal to `value`, determined using `isclose`. The default tolerances for
+    `masked_values` are the same as those for `isclose`.
+
+    For integer types, exact equality is used, in the same way as
+    `masked_equal`.
+
+    The fill_value is set to `value` and the mask is set to ``nomask`` if
+    possible.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Array to mask.
+    value : float
+        Masking value.
+    rtol, atol : float, optional
+        Tolerance parameters passed on to `isclose`
+    copy : bool, optional
+        Whether to return a copy of `x`.
+    shrink : bool, optional
+        Whether to collapse a mask full of False to ``nomask``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : MaskedArray
+        The result of masking `x` where approximately equal to `value`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+    masked_equal : Mask where equal to a given value (integers).
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> x = np.array([1, 1.1, 2, 1.1, 3])
+    >>> ma.masked_values(x, 1.1)
+    masked_array(data=[1.0, --, 2.0, --, 3.0],
+                 mask=[False,  True, False,  True, False],
+           fill_value=1.1)
+
+    Note that `mask` is set to ``nomask`` if possible.
+
+    >>> ma.masked_values(x, 2.1)
+    masked_array(data=[1. , 1.1, 2. , 1.1, 3. ],
+                 mask=False,
+           fill_value=2.1)
+
+    Unlike `masked_equal`, `masked_values` can perform approximate equalities.
+
+    >>> ma.masked_values(x, 2.1, atol=1e-1)
+    masked_array(data=[1.0, 1.1, --, 1.1, 3.0],
+                 mask=[False, False,  True, False, False],
+           fill_value=2.1)
+
+    """
+    xnew = filled(x, value)
+    if np.issubdtype(xnew.dtype, np.floating):
+        mask = np.isclose(xnew, value, atol=atol, rtol=rtol)
+    else:
+        mask = umath.equal(xnew, value)
+    ret = masked_array(xnew, mask=mask, copy=copy, fill_value=value)
+    if shrink:
+        ret.shrink_mask()
+    return ret
+
+
+def masked_invalid(a, copy=True):
+    """
+    Mask an array where invalid values occur (NaNs or infs).
+
+    This function is a shortcut to ``masked_where``, with
+    `condition` = ~(np.isfinite(a)). Any pre-existing mask is conserved.
+    Only applies to arrays with a dtype where NaNs or infs make sense
+    (i.e. floating point types), but accepts any array_like object.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.arange(5, dtype=float)
+    >>> a[2] = np.NaN
+    >>> a[3] = np.PINF
+    >>> a
+    array([ 0.,  1., nan, inf,  4.])
+    >>> ma.masked_invalid(a)
+    masked_array(data=[0.0, 1.0, --, --, 4.0],
+                 mask=[False, False,  True,  True, False],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    """
+    a = np.array(a, copy=False, subok=True)
+    res = masked_where(~(np.isfinite(a)), a, copy=copy)
+    # masked_invalid previously never returned nomask as a mask and doing so
+    # threw off matplotlib (gh-22842).  So use shrink=False:
+    if res._mask is nomask:
+        res._mask = make_mask_none(res.shape, res.dtype)
+    return res
+
+###############################################################################
+#                            Printing options                                 #
+###############################################################################
+
+
+class _MaskedPrintOption:
+    """
+    Handle the string used to represent missing data in a masked array.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, display):
+        """
+        Create the masked_print_option object.
+
+        """
+        self._display = display
+        self._enabled = True
+
+    def display(self):
+        """
+        Display the string to print for masked values.
+
+        """
+        return self._display
+
+    def set_display(self, s):
+        """
+        Set the string to print for masked values.
+
+        """
+        self._display = s
+
+    def enabled(self):
+        """
+        Is the use of the display value enabled?
+
+        """
+        return self._enabled
+
+    def enable(self, shrink=1):
+        """
+        Set the enabling shrink to `shrink`.
+
+        """
+        self._enabled = shrink
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self._display)
+
+    __repr__ = __str__
+
+# if you single index into a masked location you get this object.
+masked_print_option = _MaskedPrintOption('--')
+
+
+def _recursive_printoption(result, mask, printopt):
+    """
+    Puts printoptions in result where mask is True.
+
+    Private function allowing for recursion
+
+    """
+    names = result.dtype.names
+    if names is not None:
+        for name in names:
+            curdata = result[name]
+            curmask = mask[name]
+            _recursive_printoption(curdata, curmask, printopt)
+    else:
+        np.copyto(result, printopt, where=mask)
+    return
+
+# For better or worse, these end in a newline
+_legacy_print_templates = dict(
+    long_std=textwrap.dedent("""\
+        masked_%(name)s(data =
+         %(data)s,
+        %(nlen)s        mask =
+         %(mask)s,
+        %(nlen)s  fill_value = %(fill)s)
+        """),
+    long_flx=textwrap.dedent("""\
+        masked_%(name)s(data =
+         %(data)s,
+        %(nlen)s        mask =
+         %(mask)s,
+        %(nlen)s  fill_value = %(fill)s,
+        %(nlen)s       dtype = %(dtype)s)
+        """),
+    short_std=textwrap.dedent("""\
+        masked_%(name)s(data = %(data)s,
+        %(nlen)s        mask = %(mask)s,
+        %(nlen)s  fill_value = %(fill)s)
+        """),
+    short_flx=textwrap.dedent("""\
+        masked_%(name)s(data = %(data)s,
+        %(nlen)s        mask = %(mask)s,
+        %(nlen)s  fill_value = %(fill)s,
+        %(nlen)s       dtype = %(dtype)s)
+        """)
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+#                          MaskedArray class                                  #
+###############################################################################
+
+
+def _recursive_filled(a, mask, fill_value):
+    """
+    Recursively fill `a` with `fill_value`.
+
+    """
+    names = a.dtype.names
+    for name in names:
+        current = a[name]
+        if current.dtype.names is not None:
+            _recursive_filled(current, mask[name], fill_value[name])
+        else:
+            np.copyto(current, fill_value[name], where=mask[name])
+
+
+def flatten_structured_array(a):
+    """
+    Flatten a structured array.
+
+    The data type of the output is chosen such that it can represent all of the
+    (nested) fields.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : structured array
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    output : masked array or ndarray
+        A flattened masked array if the input is a masked array, otherwise a
+        standard ndarray.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> ndtype = [('a', int), ('b', float)]
+    >>> a = np.array([(1, 1), (2, 2)], dtype=ndtype)
+    >>> np.ma.flatten_structured_array(a)
+    array([[1., 1.],
+           [2., 2.]])
+
+    """
+
+    def flatten_sequence(iterable):
+        """
+        Flattens a compound of nested iterables.
+
+        """
+        for elm in iter(iterable):
+            if hasattr(elm, '__iter__'):
+                yield from flatten_sequence(elm)
+            else:
+                yield elm
+
+    a = np.asanyarray(a)
+    inishape = a.shape
+    a = a.ravel()
+    if isinstance(a, MaskedArray):
+        out = np.array([tuple(flatten_sequence(d.item())) for d in a._data])
+        out = out.view(MaskedArray)
+        out._mask = np.array([tuple(flatten_sequence(d.item()))
+                              for d in getmaskarray(a)])
+    else:
+        out = np.array([tuple(flatten_sequence(d.item())) for d in a])
+    if len(inishape) > 1:
+        newshape = list(out.shape)
+        newshape[0] = inishape
+        out.shape = tuple(flatten_sequence(newshape))
+    return out
+
+
+def _arraymethod(funcname, onmask=True):
+    """
+    Return a class method wrapper around a basic array method.
+
+    Creates a class method which returns a masked array, where the new
+    ``_data`` array is the output of the corresponding basic method called
+    on the original ``_data``.
+
+    If `onmask` is True, the new mask is the output of the method called
+    on the initial mask. Otherwise, the new mask is just a reference
+    to the initial mask.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    funcname : str
+        Name of the function to apply on data.
+    onmask : bool
+        Whether the mask must be processed also (True) or left
+        alone (False). Default is True. Make available as `_onmask`
+        attribute.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    method : instancemethod
+        Class method wrapper of the specified basic array method.
+
+    """
+    def wrapped_method(self, *args, **params):
+        result = getattr(self._data, funcname)(*args, **params)
+        result = result.view(type(self))
+        result._update_from(self)
+        mask = self._mask
+        if not onmask:
+            result.__setmask__(mask)
+        elif mask is not nomask:
+            # __setmask__ makes a copy, which we don't want
+            result._mask = getattr(mask, funcname)(*args, **params)
+        return result
+    methdoc = getattr(ndarray, funcname, None) or getattr(np, funcname, None)
+    if methdoc is not None:
+        wrapped_method.__doc__ = methdoc.__doc__
+    wrapped_method.__name__ = funcname
+    return wrapped_method
+
+
+class MaskedIterator:
+    """
+    Flat iterator object to iterate over masked arrays.
+
+    A `MaskedIterator` iterator is returned by ``x.flat`` for any masked array
+    `x`. It allows iterating over the array as if it were a 1-D array,
+    either in a for-loop or by calling its `next` method.
+
+    Iteration is done in C-contiguous style, with the last index varying the
+    fastest. The iterator can also be indexed using basic slicing or
+    advanced indexing.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    MaskedArray.flat : Return a flat iterator over an array.
+    MaskedArray.flatten : Returns a flattened copy of an array.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    `MaskedIterator` is not exported by the `ma` module. Instead of
+    instantiating a `MaskedIterator` directly, use `MaskedArray.flat`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.ma.array(arange(6).reshape(2, 3))
+    >>> fl = x.flat
+    >>> type(fl)
+    
+    >>> for item in fl:
+    ...     print(item)
+    ...
+    0
+    1
+    2
+    3
+    4
+    5
+
+    Extracting more than a single element b indexing the `MaskedIterator`
+    returns a masked array:
+
+    >>> fl[2:4]
+    masked_array(data = [2 3],
+                 mask = False,
+           fill_value = 999999)
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ma):
+        self.ma = ma
+        self.dataiter = ma._data.flat
+
+        if ma._mask is nomask:
+            self.maskiter = None
+        else:
+            self.maskiter = ma._mask.flat
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __getitem__(self, indx):
+        result = self.dataiter.__getitem__(indx).view(type(self.ma))
+        if self.maskiter is not None:
+            _mask = self.maskiter.__getitem__(indx)
+            if isinstance(_mask, ndarray):
+                # set shape to match that of data; this is needed for matrices
+                _mask.shape = result.shape
+                result._mask = _mask
+            elif isinstance(_mask, np.void):
+                return mvoid(result, mask=_mask, hardmask=self.ma._hardmask)
+            elif _mask:  # Just a scalar, masked
+                return masked
+        return result
+
+    # This won't work if ravel makes a copy
+    def __setitem__(self, index, value):
+        self.dataiter[index] = getdata(value)
+        if self.maskiter is not None:
+            self.maskiter[index] = getmaskarray(value)
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        """
+        Return the next value, or raise StopIteration.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([3, 2], mask=[0, 1])
+        >>> fl = x.flat
+        >>> next(fl)
+        3
+        >>> next(fl)
+        masked
+        >>> next(fl)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+          ...
+        StopIteration
+
+        """
+        d = next(self.dataiter)
+        if self.maskiter is not None:
+            m = next(self.maskiter)
+            if isinstance(m, np.void):
+                return mvoid(d, mask=m, hardmask=self.ma._hardmask)
+            elif m:  # Just a scalar, masked
+                return masked
+        return d
+
+
+class MaskedArray(ndarray):
+    """
+    An array class with possibly masked values.
+
+    Masked values of True exclude the corresponding element from any
+    computation.
+
+    Construction::
+
+      x = MaskedArray(data, mask=nomask, dtype=None, copy=False, subok=True,
+                      ndmin=0, fill_value=None, keep_mask=True, hard_mask=None,
+                      shrink=True, order=None)
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : array_like
+        Input data.
+    mask : sequence, optional
+        Mask. Must be convertible to an array of booleans with the same
+        shape as `data`. True indicates a masked (i.e. invalid) data.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+        Data type of the output.
+        If `dtype` is None, the type of the data argument (``data.dtype``)
+        is used. If `dtype` is not None and different from ``data.dtype``,
+        a copy is performed.
+    copy : bool, optional
+        Whether to copy the input data (True), or to use a reference instead.
+        Default is False.
+    subok : bool, optional
+        Whether to return a subclass of `MaskedArray` if possible (True) or a
+        plain `MaskedArray`. Default is True.
+    ndmin : int, optional
+        Minimum number of dimensions. Default is 0.
+    fill_value : scalar, optional
+        Value used to fill in the masked values when necessary.
+        If None, a default based on the data-type is used.
+    keep_mask : bool, optional
+        Whether to combine `mask` with the mask of the input data, if any
+        (True), or to use only `mask` for the output (False). Default is True.
+    hard_mask : bool, optional
+        Whether to use a hard mask or not. With a hard mask, masked values
+        cannot be unmasked. Default is False.
+    shrink : bool, optional
+        Whether to force compression of an empty mask. Default is True.
+    order : {'C', 'F', 'A'}, optional
+        Specify the order of the array.  If order is 'C', then the array
+        will be in C-contiguous order (last-index varies the fastest).
+        If order is 'F', then the returned array will be in
+        Fortran-contiguous order (first-index varies the fastest).
+        If order is 'A' (default), then the returned array may be
+        in any order (either C-, Fortran-contiguous, or even discontiguous),
+        unless a copy is required, in which case it will be C-contiguous.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    The ``mask`` can be initialized with an array of boolean values
+    with the same shape as ``data``.
+
+    >>> data = np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3))
+    >>> np.ma.MaskedArray(data, mask=[[False, True, False],
+    ...                               [False, False, True]])
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, --, 2],
+            [3, 4, --]],
+      mask=[[False,  True, False],
+            [False, False,  True]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+
+    Alternatively, the ``mask`` can be initialized to homogeneous boolean
+    array with the same shape as ``data`` by passing in a scalar
+    boolean value:
+
+    >>> np.ma.MaskedArray(data, mask=False)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, 1, 2],
+            [3, 4, 5]],
+      mask=[[False, False, False],
+            [False, False, False]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+
+    >>> np.ma.MaskedArray(data, mask=True)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[--, --, --],
+            [--, --, --]],
+      mask=[[ True,  True,  True],
+            [ True,  True,  True]],
+      fill_value=999999,
+      dtype=int64)
+
+    .. note::
+        The recommended practice for initializing ``mask`` with a scalar
+        boolean value is to use ``True``/``False`` rather than
+        ``np.True_``/``np.False_``. The reason is :attr:`nomask`
+        is represented internally as ``np.False_``.
+
+        >>> np.False_ is np.ma.nomask
+        True
+
+    """
+
+    __array_priority__ = 15
+    _defaultmask = nomask
+    _defaulthardmask = False
+    _baseclass = ndarray
+
+    # Maximum number of elements per axis used when printing an array. The
+    # 1d case is handled separately because we need more values in this case.
+    _print_width = 100
+    _print_width_1d = 1500
+
+    def __new__(cls, data=None, mask=nomask, dtype=None, copy=False,
+                subok=True, ndmin=0, fill_value=None, keep_mask=True,
+                hard_mask=None, shrink=True, order=None):
+        """
+        Create a new masked array from scratch.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        A masked array can also be created by taking a .view(MaskedArray).
+
+        """
+        # Process data.
+        _data = np.array(data, dtype=dtype, copy=copy,
+                         order=order, subok=True, ndmin=ndmin)
+        _baseclass = getattr(data, '_baseclass', type(_data))
+        # Check that we're not erasing the mask.
+        if isinstance(data, MaskedArray) and (data.shape != _data.shape):
+            copy = True
+
+        # Here, we copy the _view_, so that we can attach new properties to it
+        # we must never do .view(MaskedConstant), as that would create a new
+        # instance of np.ma.masked, which make identity comparison fail
+        if isinstance(data, cls) and subok and not isinstance(data, MaskedConstant):
+            _data = ndarray.view(_data, type(data))
+        else:
+            _data = ndarray.view(_data, cls)
+
+        # Handle the case where data is not a subclass of ndarray, but
+        # still has the _mask attribute like MaskedArrays
+        if hasattr(data, '_mask') and not isinstance(data, ndarray):
+            _data._mask = data._mask
+            # FIXME: should we set `_data._sharedmask = True`?
+        # Process mask.
+        # Type of the mask
+        mdtype = make_mask_descr(_data.dtype)
+        if mask is nomask:
+            # Case 1. : no mask in input.
+            # Erase the current mask ?
+            if not keep_mask:
+                # With a reduced version
+                if shrink:
+                    _data._mask = nomask
+                # With full version
+                else:
+                    _data._mask = np.zeros(_data.shape, dtype=mdtype)
+            # Check whether we missed something
+            elif isinstance(data, (tuple, list)):
+                try:
+                    # If data is a sequence of masked array
+                    mask = np.array(
+                        [getmaskarray(np.asanyarray(m, dtype=_data.dtype))
+                         for m in data], dtype=mdtype)
+                except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                    # If data is nested
+                    mask = nomask
+                # Force shrinking of the mask if needed (and possible)
+                if (mdtype == MaskType) and mask.any():
+                    _data._mask = mask
+                    _data._sharedmask = False
+            else:
+                _data._sharedmask = not copy
+                if copy:
+                    _data._mask = _data._mask.copy()
+                    # Reset the shape of the original mask
+                    if getmask(data) is not nomask:
+                        # gh-21022 encounters an issue here
+                        # because data._mask.shape is not writeable, but
+                        # the op was also pointless in that case, because
+                        # the shapes were the same, so we can at least
+                        # avoid that path
+                        if data._mask.shape != data.shape:
+                            data._mask.shape = data.shape
+        else:
+            # Case 2. : With a mask in input.
+            # If mask is boolean, create an array of True or False
+
+            # if users pass `mask=None` be forgiving here and cast it False
+            # for speed; although the default is `mask=nomask` and can differ.
+            if mask is None:
+                mask = False
+
+            if mask is True and mdtype == MaskType:
+                mask = np.ones(_data.shape, dtype=mdtype)
+            elif mask is False and mdtype == MaskType:
+                mask = np.zeros(_data.shape, dtype=mdtype)
+            else:
+                # Read the mask with the current mdtype
+                try:
+                    mask = np.array(mask, copy=copy, dtype=mdtype)
+                # Or assume it's a sequence of bool/int
+                except TypeError:
+                    mask = np.array([tuple([m] * len(mdtype)) for m in mask],
+                                    dtype=mdtype)
+            # Make sure the mask and the data have the same shape
+            if mask.shape != _data.shape:
+                (nd, nm) = (_data.size, mask.size)
+                if nm == 1:
+                    mask = np.resize(mask, _data.shape)
+                elif nm == nd:
+                    mask = np.reshape(mask, _data.shape)
+                else:
+                    msg = "Mask and data not compatible: data size is %i, " + \
+                          "mask size is %i."
+                    raise MaskError(msg % (nd, nm))
+                copy = True
+            # Set the mask to the new value
+            if _data._mask is nomask:
+                _data._mask = mask
+                _data._sharedmask = not copy
+            else:
+                if not keep_mask:
+                    _data._mask = mask
+                    _data._sharedmask = not copy
+                else:
+                    if _data.dtype.names is not None:
+                        def _recursive_or(a, b):
+                            "do a|=b on each field of a, recursively"
+                            for name in a.dtype.names:
+                                (af, bf) = (a[name], b[name])
+                                if af.dtype.names is not None:
+                                    _recursive_or(af, bf)
+                                else:
+                                    af |= bf
+
+                        _recursive_or(_data._mask, mask)
+                    else:
+                        _data._mask = np.logical_or(mask, _data._mask)
+                    _data._sharedmask = False
+
+        # Update fill_value.
+        if fill_value is None:
+            fill_value = getattr(data, '_fill_value', None)
+        # But don't run the check unless we have something to check.
+        if fill_value is not None:
+            _data._fill_value = _check_fill_value(fill_value, _data.dtype)
+        # Process extra options ..
+        if hard_mask is None:
+            _data._hardmask = getattr(data, '_hardmask', False)
+        else:
+            _data._hardmask = hard_mask
+        _data._baseclass = _baseclass
+        return _data
+
+
+    def _update_from(self, obj):
+        """
+        Copies some attributes of obj to self.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(obj, ndarray):
+            _baseclass = type(obj)
+        else:
+            _baseclass = ndarray
+        # We need to copy the _basedict to avoid backward propagation
+        _optinfo = {}
+        _optinfo.update(getattr(obj, '_optinfo', {}))
+        _optinfo.update(getattr(obj, '_basedict', {}))
+        if not isinstance(obj, MaskedArray):
+            _optinfo.update(getattr(obj, '__dict__', {}))
+        _dict = dict(_fill_value=getattr(obj, '_fill_value', None),
+                     _hardmask=getattr(obj, '_hardmask', False),
+                     _sharedmask=getattr(obj, '_sharedmask', False),
+                     _isfield=getattr(obj, '_isfield', False),
+                     _baseclass=getattr(obj, '_baseclass', _baseclass),
+                     _optinfo=_optinfo,
+                     _basedict=_optinfo)
+        self.__dict__.update(_dict)
+        self.__dict__.update(_optinfo)
+        return
+
+    def __array_finalize__(self, obj):
+        """
+        Finalizes the masked array.
+
+        """
+        # Get main attributes.
+        self._update_from(obj)
+
+        # We have to decide how to initialize self.mask, based on
+        # obj.mask. This is very difficult.  There might be some
+        # correspondence between the elements in the array we are being
+        # created from (= obj) and us. Or there might not. This method can
+        # be called in all kinds of places for all kinds of reasons -- could
+        # be empty_like, could be slicing, could be a ufunc, could be a view.
+        # The numpy subclassing interface simply doesn't give us any way
+        # to know, which means that at best this method will be based on
+        # guesswork and heuristics. To make things worse, there isn't even any
+        # clear consensus about what the desired behavior is. For instance,
+        # most users think that np.empty_like(marr) -- which goes via this
+        # method -- should return a masked array with an empty mask (see
+        # gh-3404 and linked discussions), but others disagree, and they have
+        # existing code which depends on empty_like returning an array that
+        # matches the input mask.
+        #
+        # Historically our algorithm was: if the template object mask had the
+        # same *number of elements* as us, then we used *it's mask object
+        # itself* as our mask, so that writes to us would also write to the
+        # original array. This is horribly broken in multiple ways.
+        #
+        # Now what we do instead is, if the template object mask has the same
+        # number of elements as us, and we do not have the same base pointer
+        # as the template object (b/c views like arr[...] should keep the same
+        # mask), then we make a copy of the template object mask and use
+        # that. This is also horribly broken but somewhat less so. Maybe.
+        if isinstance(obj, ndarray):
+            # XX: This looks like a bug -- shouldn't it check self.dtype
+            # instead?
+            if obj.dtype.names is not None:
+                _mask = getmaskarray(obj)
+            else:
+                _mask = getmask(obj)
+
+            # If self and obj point to exactly the same data, then probably
+            # self is a simple view of obj (e.g., self = obj[...]), so they
+            # should share the same mask. (This isn't 100% reliable, e.g. self
+            # could be the first row of obj, or have strange strides, but as a
+            # heuristic it's not bad.) In all other cases, we make a copy of
+            # the mask, so that future modifications to 'self' do not end up
+            # side-effecting 'obj' as well.
+            if (_mask is not nomask and obj.__array_interface__["data"][0]
+                    != self.__array_interface__["data"][0]):
+                # We should make a copy. But we could get here via astype,
+                # in which case the mask might need a new dtype as well
+                # (e.g., changing to or from a structured dtype), and the
+                # order could have changed. So, change the mask type if
+                # needed and use astype instead of copy.
+                if self.dtype == obj.dtype:
+                    _mask_dtype = _mask.dtype
+                else:
+                    _mask_dtype = make_mask_descr(self.dtype)
+
+                if self.flags.c_contiguous:
+                    order = "C"
+                elif self.flags.f_contiguous:
+                    order = "F"
+                else:
+                    order = "K"
+
+                _mask = _mask.astype(_mask_dtype, order)
+            else:
+                # Take a view so shape changes, etc., do not propagate back.
+                _mask = _mask.view()
+        else:
+            _mask = nomask
+
+        self._mask = _mask
+        # Finalize the mask
+        if self._mask is not nomask:
+            try:
+                self._mask.shape = self.shape
+            except ValueError:
+                self._mask = nomask
+            except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+                # When _mask.shape is not writable (because it's a void)
+                pass
+
+        # Finalize the fill_value
+        if self._fill_value is not None:
+            self._fill_value = _check_fill_value(self._fill_value, self.dtype)
+        elif self.dtype.names is not None:
+            # Finalize the default fill_value for structured arrays
+            self._fill_value = _check_fill_value(None, self.dtype)
+
+    def __array_wrap__(self, obj, context=None):
+        """
+        Special hook for ufuncs.
+
+        Wraps the numpy array and sets the mask according to context.
+
+        """
+        if obj is self:  # for in-place operations
+            result = obj
+        else:
+            result = obj.view(type(self))
+            result._update_from(self)
+
+        if context is not None:
+            result._mask = result._mask.copy()
+            func, args, out_i = context
+            # args sometimes contains outputs (gh-10459), which we don't want
+            input_args = args[:func.nin]
+            m = reduce(mask_or, [getmaskarray(arg) for arg in input_args])
+            # Get the domain mask
+            domain = ufunc_domain.get(func, None)
+            if domain is not None:
+                # Take the domain, and make sure it's a ndarray
+                with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+                    d = filled(domain(*input_args), True)
+
+                if d.any():
+                    # Fill the result where the domain is wrong
+                    try:
+                        # Binary domain: take the last value
+                        fill_value = ufunc_fills[func][-1]
+                    except TypeError:
+                        # Unary domain: just use this one
+                        fill_value = ufunc_fills[func]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        # Domain not recognized, use fill_value instead
+                        fill_value = self.fill_value
+
+                    np.copyto(result, fill_value, where=d)
+
+                    # Update the mask
+                    if m is nomask:
+                        m = d
+                    else:
+                        # Don't modify inplace, we risk back-propagation
+                        m = (m | d)
+
+            # Make sure the mask has the proper size
+            if result is not self and result.shape == () and m:
+                return masked
+            else:
+                result._mask = m
+                result._sharedmask = False
+
+        return result
+
+    def view(self, dtype=None, type=None, fill_value=None):
+        """
+        Return a view of the MaskedArray data.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        dtype : data-type or ndarray sub-class, optional
+            Data-type descriptor of the returned view, e.g., float32 or int16.
+            The default, None, results in the view having the same data-type
+            as `a`. As with ``ndarray.view``, dtype can also be specified as
+            an ndarray sub-class, which then specifies the type of the
+            returned object (this is equivalent to setting the ``type``
+            parameter).
+        type : Python type, optional
+            Type of the returned view, either ndarray or a subclass.  The
+            default None results in type preservation.
+        fill_value : scalar, optional
+            The value to use for invalid entries (None by default).
+            If None, then this argument is inferred from the passed `dtype`, or
+            in its absence the original array, as discussed in the notes below.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.view : Equivalent method on ndarray object.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+
+        ``a.view()`` is used two different ways:
+
+        ``a.view(some_dtype)`` or ``a.view(dtype=some_dtype)`` constructs a view
+        of the array's memory with a different data-type.  This can cause a
+        reinterpretation of the bytes of memory.
+
+        ``a.view(ndarray_subclass)`` or ``a.view(type=ndarray_subclass)`` just
+        returns an instance of `ndarray_subclass` that looks at the same array
+        (same shape, dtype, etc.)  This does not cause a reinterpretation of the
+        memory.
+
+        If `fill_value` is not specified, but `dtype` is specified (and is not
+        an ndarray sub-class), the `fill_value` of the MaskedArray will be
+        reset. If neither `fill_value` nor `dtype` are specified (or if
+        `dtype` is an ndarray sub-class), then the fill value is preserved.
+        Finally, if `fill_value` is specified, but `dtype` is not, the fill
+        value is set to the specified value.
+
+        For ``a.view(some_dtype)``, if ``some_dtype`` has a different number of
+        bytes per entry than the previous dtype (for example, converting a
+        regular array to a structured array), then the behavior of the view
+        cannot be predicted just from the superficial appearance of ``a`` (shown
+        by ``print(a)``). It also depends on exactly how ``a`` is stored in
+        memory. Therefore if ``a`` is C-ordered versus fortran-ordered, versus
+        defined as a slice or transpose, etc., the view may give different
+        results.
+        """
+
+        if dtype is None:
+            if type is None:
+                output = ndarray.view(self)
+            else:
+                output = ndarray.view(self, type)
+        elif type is None:
+            try:
+                if issubclass(dtype, ndarray):
+                    output = ndarray.view(self, dtype)
+                    dtype = None
+                else:
+                    output = ndarray.view(self, dtype)
+            except TypeError:
+                output = ndarray.view(self, dtype)
+        else:
+            output = ndarray.view(self, dtype, type)
+
+        # also make the mask be a view (so attr changes to the view's
+        # mask do no affect original object's mask)
+        # (especially important to avoid affecting np.masked singleton)
+        if getmask(output) is not nomask:
+            output._mask = output._mask.view()
+
+        # Make sure to reset the _fill_value if needed
+        if getattr(output, '_fill_value', None) is not None:
+            if fill_value is None:
+                if dtype is None:
+                    pass  # leave _fill_value as is
+                else:
+                    output._fill_value = None
+            else:
+                output.fill_value = fill_value
+        return output
+
+    def __getitem__(self, indx):
+        """
+        x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
+
+        Return the item described by i, as a masked array.
+
+        """
+        # We could directly use ndarray.__getitem__ on self.
+        # But then we would have to modify __array_finalize__ to prevent the
+        # mask of being reshaped if it hasn't been set up properly yet
+        # So it's easier to stick to the current version
+        dout = self.data[indx]
+        _mask = self._mask
+
+        def _is_scalar(m):
+            return not isinstance(m, np.ndarray)
+
+        def _scalar_heuristic(arr, elem):
+            """
+            Return whether `elem` is a scalar result of indexing `arr`, or None
+            if undecidable without promoting nomask to a full mask
+            """
+            # obviously a scalar
+            if not isinstance(elem, np.ndarray):
+                return True
+
+            # object array scalar indexing can return anything
+            elif arr.dtype.type is np.object_:
+                if arr.dtype is not elem.dtype:
+                    # elem is an array, but dtypes do not match, so must be
+                    # an element
+                    return True
+
+            # well-behaved subclass that only returns 0d arrays when
+            # expected - this is not a scalar
+            elif type(arr).__getitem__ == ndarray.__getitem__:
+                return False
+
+            return None
+
+        if _mask is not nomask:
+            # _mask cannot be a subclass, so it tells us whether we should
+            # expect a scalar. It also cannot be of dtype object.
+            mout = _mask[indx]
+            scalar_expected = _is_scalar(mout)
+
+        else:
+            # attempt to apply the heuristic to avoid constructing a full mask
+            mout = nomask
+            scalar_expected = _scalar_heuristic(self.data, dout)
+            if scalar_expected is None:
+                # heuristics have failed
+                # construct a full array, so we can be certain. This is costly.
+                # we could also fall back on ndarray.__getitem__(self.data, indx)
+                scalar_expected = _is_scalar(getmaskarray(self)[indx])
+
+        # Did we extract a single item?
+        if scalar_expected:
+            # A record
+            if isinstance(dout, np.void):
+                # We should always re-cast to mvoid, otherwise users can
+                # change masks on rows that already have masked values, but not
+                # on rows that have no masked values, which is inconsistent.
+                return mvoid(dout, mask=mout, hardmask=self._hardmask)
+
+            # special case introduced in gh-5962
+            elif (self.dtype.type is np.object_ and
+                  isinstance(dout, np.ndarray) and
+                  dout is not masked):
+                # If masked, turn into a MaskedArray, with everything masked.
+                if mout:
+                    return MaskedArray(dout, mask=True)
+                else:
+                    return dout
+
+            # Just a scalar
+            else:
+                if mout:
+                    return masked
+                else:
+                    return dout
+        else:
+            # Force dout to MA
+            dout = dout.view(type(self))
+            # Inherit attributes from self
+            dout._update_from(self)
+            # Check the fill_value
+            if is_string_or_list_of_strings(indx):
+                if self._fill_value is not None:
+                    dout._fill_value = self._fill_value[indx]
+
+                    # Something like gh-15895 has happened if this check fails.
+                    # _fill_value should always be an ndarray.
+                    if not isinstance(dout._fill_value, np.ndarray):
+                        raise RuntimeError('Internal NumPy error.')
+                    # If we're indexing a multidimensional field in a
+                    # structured array (such as dtype("(2,)i2,(2,)i1")),
+                    # dimensionality goes up (M[field].ndim == M.ndim +
+                    # M.dtype[field].ndim).  That's fine for
+                    # M[field] but problematic for M[field].fill_value
+                    # which should have shape () to avoid breaking several
+                    # methods. There is no great way out, so set to
+                    # first element. See issue #6723.
+                    if dout._fill_value.ndim > 0:
+                        if not (dout._fill_value ==
+                                dout._fill_value.flat[0]).all():
+                            warnings.warn(
+                                "Upon accessing multidimensional field "
+                                f"{indx!s}, need to keep dimensionality "
+                                "of fill_value at 0. Discarding "
+                                "heterogeneous fill_value and setting "
+                                f"all to {dout._fill_value[0]!s}.",
+                                stacklevel=2)
+                        # Need to use `.flat[0:1].squeeze(...)` instead of just
+                        # `.flat[0]` to ensure the result is a 0d array and not
+                        # a scalar.
+                        dout._fill_value = dout._fill_value.flat[0:1].squeeze(axis=0)
+                dout._isfield = True
+            # Update the mask if needed
+            if mout is not nomask:
+                # set shape to match that of data; this is needed for matrices
+                dout._mask = reshape(mout, dout.shape)
+                dout._sharedmask = True
+                # Note: Don't try to check for m.any(), that'll take too long
+        return dout
+
+    # setitem may put NaNs into integer arrays or occasionally overflow a
+    # float.  But this may happen in masked values, so avoid otherwise
+    # correct warnings (as is typical also in masked calculations).
+    @np.errstate(over='ignore', invalid='ignore')
+    def __setitem__(self, indx, value):
+        """
+        x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y
+
+        Set item described by index. If value is masked, masks those
+        locations.
+
+        """
+        if self is masked:
+            raise MaskError('Cannot alter the masked element.')
+        _data = self._data
+        _mask = self._mask
+        if isinstance(indx, str):
+            _data[indx] = value
+            if _mask is nomask:
+                self._mask = _mask = make_mask_none(self.shape, self.dtype)
+            _mask[indx] = getmask(value)
+            return
+
+        _dtype = _data.dtype
+
+        if value is masked:
+            # The mask wasn't set: create a full version.
+            if _mask is nomask:
+                _mask = self._mask = make_mask_none(self.shape, _dtype)
+            # Now, set the mask to its value.
+            if _dtype.names is not None:
+                _mask[indx] = tuple([True] * len(_dtype.names))
+            else:
+                _mask[indx] = True
+            return
+
+        # Get the _data part of the new value
+        dval = getattr(value, '_data', value)
+        # Get the _mask part of the new value
+        mval = getmask(value)
+        if _dtype.names is not None and mval is nomask:
+            mval = tuple([False] * len(_dtype.names))
+        if _mask is nomask:
+            # Set the data, then the mask
+            _data[indx] = dval
+            if mval is not nomask:
+                _mask = self._mask = make_mask_none(self.shape, _dtype)
+                _mask[indx] = mval
+        elif not self._hardmask:
+            # Set the data, then the mask
+            if (isinstance(indx, masked_array) and
+                    not isinstance(value, masked_array)):
+                _data[indx.data] = dval
+            else:
+                _data[indx] = dval
+                _mask[indx] = mval
+        elif hasattr(indx, 'dtype') and (indx.dtype == MaskType):
+            indx = indx * umath.logical_not(_mask)
+            _data[indx] = dval
+        else:
+            if _dtype.names is not None:
+                err_msg = "Flexible 'hard' masks are not yet supported."
+                raise NotImplementedError(err_msg)
+            mindx = mask_or(_mask[indx], mval, copy=True)
+            dindx = self._data[indx]
+            if dindx.size > 1:
+                np.copyto(dindx, dval, where=~mindx)
+            elif mindx is nomask:
+                dindx = dval
+            _data[indx] = dindx
+            _mask[indx] = mindx
+        return
+
+    # Define so that we can overwrite the setter.
+    @property
+    def dtype(self):
+        return super().dtype
+
+    @dtype.setter
+    def dtype(self, dtype):
+        super(MaskedArray, type(self)).dtype.__set__(self, dtype)
+        if self._mask is not nomask:
+            self._mask = self._mask.view(make_mask_descr(dtype), ndarray)
+            # Try to reset the shape of the mask (if we don't have a void).
+            # This raises a ValueError if the dtype change won't work.
+            try:
+                self._mask.shape = self.shape
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+                pass
+
+    @property
+    def shape(self):
+        return super().shape
+
+    @shape.setter
+    def shape(self, shape):
+        super(MaskedArray, type(self)).shape.__set__(self, shape)
+        # Cannot use self._mask, since it may not (yet) exist when a
+        # masked matrix sets the shape.
+        if getmask(self) is not nomask:
+            self._mask.shape = self.shape
+
+    def __setmask__(self, mask, copy=False):
+        """
+        Set the mask.
+
+        """
+        idtype = self.dtype
+        current_mask = self._mask
+        if mask is masked:
+            mask = True
+
+        if current_mask is nomask:
+            # Make sure the mask is set
+            # Just don't do anything if there's nothing to do.
+            if mask is nomask:
+                return
+            current_mask = self._mask = make_mask_none(self.shape, idtype)
+
+        if idtype.names is None:
+            # No named fields.
+            # Hardmask: don't unmask the data
+            if self._hardmask:
+                current_mask |= mask
+            # Softmask: set everything to False
+            # If it's obviously a compatible scalar, use a quick update
+            # method.
+            elif isinstance(mask, (int, float, np.bool_, np.number)):
+                current_mask[...] = mask
+            # Otherwise fall back to the slower, general purpose way.
+            else:
+                current_mask.flat = mask
+        else:
+            # Named fields w/
+            mdtype = current_mask.dtype
+            mask = np.array(mask, copy=False)
+            # Mask is a singleton
+            if not mask.ndim:
+                # It's a boolean : make a record
+                if mask.dtype.kind == 'b':
+                    mask = np.array(tuple([mask.item()] * len(mdtype)),
+                                    dtype=mdtype)
+                # It's a record: make sure the dtype is correct
+                else:
+                    mask = mask.astype(mdtype)
+            # Mask is a sequence
+            else:
+                # Make sure the new mask is a ndarray with the proper dtype
+                try:
+                    mask = np.array(mask, copy=copy, dtype=mdtype)
+                # Or assume it's a sequence of bool/int
+                except TypeError:
+                    mask = np.array([tuple([m] * len(mdtype)) for m in mask],
+                                    dtype=mdtype)
+            # Hardmask: don't unmask the data
+            if self._hardmask:
+                for n in idtype.names:
+                    current_mask[n] |= mask[n]
+            # Softmask: set everything to False
+            # If it's obviously a compatible scalar, use a quick update
+            # method.
+            elif isinstance(mask, (int, float, np.bool_, np.number)):
+                current_mask[...] = mask
+            # Otherwise fall back to the slower, general purpose way.
+            else:
+                current_mask.flat = mask
+        # Reshape if needed
+        if current_mask.shape:
+            current_mask.shape = self.shape
+        return
+
+    _set_mask = __setmask__
+
+    @property
+    def mask(self):
+        """ Current mask. """
+
+        # We could try to force a reshape, but that wouldn't work in some
+        # cases.
+        # Return a view so that the dtype and shape cannot be changed in place
+        # This still preserves nomask by identity
+        return self._mask.view()
+
+    @mask.setter
+    def mask(self, value):
+        self.__setmask__(value)
+
+    @property
+    def recordmask(self):
+        """
+        Get or set the mask of the array if it has no named fields. For
+        structured arrays, returns a ndarray of booleans where entries are
+        ``True`` if **all** the fields are masked, ``False`` otherwise:
+
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5)],
+        ...         mask=[(0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1), (0, 0)],
+        ...        dtype=[('a', int), ('b', int)])
+        >>> x.recordmask
+        array([False, False,  True, False, False])
+        """
+
+        _mask = self._mask.view(ndarray)
+        if _mask.dtype.names is None:
+            return _mask
+        return np.all(flatten_structured_array(_mask), axis=-1)
+
+    @recordmask.setter
+    def recordmask(self, mask):
+        raise NotImplementedError("Coming soon: setting the mask per records!")
+
+    def harden_mask(self):
+        """
+        Force the mask to hard, preventing unmasking by assignment.
+
+        Whether the mask of a masked array is hard or soft is determined by
+        its `~ma.MaskedArray.hardmask` property. `harden_mask` sets
+        `~ma.MaskedArray.hardmask` to ``True`` (and returns the modified
+        self).
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        ma.MaskedArray.hardmask
+        ma.MaskedArray.soften_mask
+
+        """
+        self._hardmask = True
+        return self
+
+    def soften_mask(self):
+        """
+        Force the mask to soft (default), allowing unmasking by assignment.
+
+        Whether the mask of a masked array is hard or soft is determined by
+        its `~ma.MaskedArray.hardmask` property. `soften_mask` sets
+        `~ma.MaskedArray.hardmask` to ``False`` (and returns the modified
+        self).
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        ma.MaskedArray.hardmask
+        ma.MaskedArray.harden_mask
+
+        """
+        self._hardmask = False
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def hardmask(self):
+        """
+        Specifies whether values can be unmasked through assignments.
+
+        By default, assigning definite values to masked array entries will
+        unmask them.  When `hardmask` is ``True``, the mask will not change
+        through assignments.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        ma.MaskedArray.harden_mask
+        ma.MaskedArray.soften_mask
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.arange(10)
+        >>> m = np.ma.masked_array(x, x>5)
+        >>> assert not m.hardmask
+
+        Since `m` has a soft mask, assigning an element value unmasks that
+        element:
+
+        >>> m[8] = 42
+        >>> m
+        masked_array(data=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, --, --, 42, --],
+                     mask=[False, False, False, False, False, False,
+                           True, True, False, True],
+               fill_value=999999)
+
+        After hardening, the mask is not affected by assignments:
+
+        >>> hardened = np.ma.harden_mask(m)
+        >>> assert m.hardmask and hardened is m
+        >>> m[:] = 23
+        >>> m
+        masked_array(data=[23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, --, --, 23, --],
+                     mask=[False, False, False, False, False, False,
+                           True, True, False, True],
+               fill_value=999999)
+
+        """
+        return self._hardmask
+
+    def unshare_mask(self):
+        """
+        Copy the mask and set the `sharedmask` flag to ``False``.
+
+        Whether the mask is shared between masked arrays can be seen from
+        the `sharedmask` property. `unshare_mask` ensures the mask is not
+        shared. A copy of the mask is only made if it was shared.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        sharedmask
+
+        """
+        if self._sharedmask:
+            self._mask = self._mask.copy()
+            self._sharedmask = False
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def sharedmask(self):
+        """ Share status of the mask (read-only). """
+        return self._sharedmask
+
+    def shrink_mask(self):
+        """
+        Reduce a mask to nomask when possible.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        None
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([[1,2 ], [3, 4]], mask=[0]*4)
+        >>> x.mask
+        array([[False, False],
+               [False, False]])
+        >>> x.shrink_mask()
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[1, 2],
+                [3, 4]],
+          mask=False,
+          fill_value=999999)
+        >>> x.mask
+        False
+
+        """
+        self._mask = _shrink_mask(self._mask)
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def baseclass(self):
+        """ Class of the underlying data (read-only). """
+        return self._baseclass
+
+    def _get_data(self):
+        """
+        Returns the underlying data, as a view of the masked array.
+
+        If the underlying data is a subclass of :class:`numpy.ndarray`, it is
+        returned as such.
+
+        >>> x = np.ma.array(np.matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]]), mask=[[0, 1], [1, 0]])
+        >>> x.data
+        matrix([[1, 2],
+                [3, 4]])
+
+        The type of the data can be accessed through the :attr:`baseclass`
+        attribute.
+        """
+        return ndarray.view(self, self._baseclass)
+
+    _data = property(fget=_get_data)
+    data = property(fget=_get_data)
+
+    @property
+    def flat(self):
+        """ Return a flat iterator, or set a flattened version of self to value. """
+        return MaskedIterator(self)
+
+    @flat.setter
+    def flat(self, value):
+        y = self.ravel()
+        y[:] = value
+
+    @property
+    def fill_value(self):
+        """
+        The filling value of the masked array is a scalar. When setting, None
+        will set to a default based on the data type.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> for dt in [np.int32, np.int64, np.float64, np.complex128]:
+        ...     np.ma.array([0, 1], dtype=dt).get_fill_value()
+        ...
+        999999
+        999999
+        1e+20
+        (1e+20+0j)
+
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([0, 1.], fill_value=-np.inf)
+        >>> x.fill_value
+        -inf
+        >>> x.fill_value = np.pi
+        >>> x.fill_value
+        3.1415926535897931 # may vary
+
+        Reset to default:
+
+        >>> x.fill_value = None
+        >>> x.fill_value
+        1e+20
+
+        """
+        if self._fill_value is None:
+            self._fill_value = _check_fill_value(None, self.dtype)
+
+        # Temporary workaround to account for the fact that str and bytes
+        # scalars cannot be indexed with (), whereas all other numpy
+        # scalars can. See issues #7259 and #7267.
+        # The if-block can be removed after #7267 has been fixed.
+        if isinstance(self._fill_value, ndarray):
+            return self._fill_value[()]
+        return self._fill_value
+
+    @fill_value.setter
+    def fill_value(self, value=None):
+        target = _check_fill_value(value, self.dtype)
+        if not target.ndim == 0:
+            # 2019-11-12, 1.18.0
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Non-scalar arrays for the fill value are deprecated. Use "
+                "arrays with scalar values instead. The filled function "
+                "still supports any array as `fill_value`.",
+                DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+        _fill_value = self._fill_value
+        if _fill_value is None:
+            # Create the attribute if it was undefined
+            self._fill_value = target
+        else:
+            # Don't overwrite the attribute, just fill it (for propagation)
+            _fill_value[()] = target
+
+    # kept for compatibility
+    get_fill_value = fill_value.fget
+    set_fill_value = fill_value.fset
+
+    def filled(self, fill_value=None):
+        """
+        Return a copy of self, with masked values filled with a given value.
+        **However**, if there are no masked values to fill, self will be
+        returned instead as an ndarray.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fill_value : array_like, optional
+            The value to use for invalid entries. Can be scalar or non-scalar.
+            If non-scalar, the resulting ndarray must be broadcastable over
+            input array. Default is None, in which case, the `fill_value`
+            attribute of the array is used instead.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        filled_array : ndarray
+            A copy of ``self`` with invalid entries replaced by *fill_value*
+            (be it the function argument or the attribute of ``self``), or
+            ``self`` itself as an ndarray if there are no invalid entries to
+            be replaced.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The result is **not** a MaskedArray!
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([1,2,3,4,5], mask=[0,0,1,0,1], fill_value=-999)
+        >>> x.filled()
+        array([   1,    2, -999,    4, -999])
+        >>> x.filled(fill_value=1000)
+        array([   1,    2, 1000,    4, 1000])
+        >>> type(x.filled())
+        
+
+        Subclassing is preserved. This means that if, e.g., the data part of
+        the masked array is a recarray, `filled` returns a recarray:
+
+        >>> x = np.array([(-1, 2), (-3, 4)], dtype='i8,i8').view(np.recarray)
+        >>> m = np.ma.array(x, mask=[(True, False), (False, True)])
+        >>> m.filled()
+        rec.array([(999999,      2), (    -3, 999999)],
+                  dtype=[('f0', '>> x = np.ma.array(np.arange(5), mask=[0]*2 + [1]*3)
+        >>> x.compressed()
+        array([0, 1])
+        >>> type(x.compressed())
+        
+
+        """
+        data = ndarray.ravel(self._data)
+        if self._mask is not nomask:
+            data = data.compress(np.logical_not(ndarray.ravel(self._mask)))
+        return data
+
+    def compress(self, condition, axis=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Return `a` where condition is ``True``.
+
+        If condition is a `~ma.MaskedArray`, missing values are considered
+        as ``False``.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        condition : var
+            Boolean 1-d array selecting which entries to return. If len(condition)
+            is less than the size of a along the axis, then output is truncated
+            to length of condition array.
+        axis : {None, int}, optional
+            Axis along which the operation must be performed.
+        out : {None, ndarray}, optional
+            Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must have
+            the same shape as the expected output but the type will be cast if
+            necessary.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        result : MaskedArray
+            A :class:`~ma.MaskedArray` object.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Please note the difference with :meth:`compressed` !
+        The output of :meth:`compress` has a mask, the output of
+        :meth:`compressed` does not.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]], mask=[0] + [1,0]*4)
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[1, --, 3],
+                [--, 5, --],
+                [7, --, 9]],
+          mask=[[False,  True, False],
+                [ True, False,  True],
+                [False,  True, False]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+        >>> x.compress([1, 0, 1])
+        masked_array(data=[1, 3],
+                     mask=[False, False],
+               fill_value=999999)
+
+        >>> x.compress([1, 0, 1], axis=1)
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[1, 3],
+                [--, --],
+                [7, 9]],
+          mask=[[False, False],
+                [ True,  True],
+                [False, False]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+
+        """
+        # Get the basic components
+        (_data, _mask) = (self._data, self._mask)
+
+        # Force the condition to a regular ndarray and forget the missing
+        # values.
+        condition = np.asarray(condition)
+
+        _new = _data.compress(condition, axis=axis, out=out).view(type(self))
+        _new._update_from(self)
+        if _mask is not nomask:
+            _new._mask = _mask.compress(condition, axis=axis)
+        return _new
+
+    def _insert_masked_print(self):
+        """
+        Replace masked values with masked_print_option, casting all innermost
+        dtypes to object.
+        """
+        if masked_print_option.enabled():
+            mask = self._mask
+            if mask is nomask:
+                res = self._data
+            else:
+                # convert to object array to make filled work
+                data = self._data
+                # For big arrays, to avoid a costly conversion to the
+                # object dtype, extract the corners before the conversion.
+                print_width = (self._print_width if self.ndim > 1
+                               else self._print_width_1d)
+                for axis in range(self.ndim):
+                    if data.shape[axis] > print_width:
+                        ind = print_width // 2
+                        arr = np.split(data, (ind, -ind), axis=axis)
+                        data = np.concatenate((arr[0], arr[2]), axis=axis)
+                        arr = np.split(mask, (ind, -ind), axis=axis)
+                        mask = np.concatenate((arr[0], arr[2]), axis=axis)
+
+                rdtype = _replace_dtype_fields(self.dtype, "O")
+                res = data.astype(rdtype)
+                _recursive_printoption(res, mask, masked_print_option)
+        else:
+            res = self.filled(self.fill_value)
+        return res
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self._insert_masked_print())
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Literal string representation.
+
+        """
+        if self._baseclass is np.ndarray:
+            name = 'array'
+        else:
+            name = self._baseclass.__name__
+
+
+        # 2016-11-19: Demoted to legacy format
+        if np.core.arrayprint._get_legacy_print_mode() <= 113:
+            is_long = self.ndim > 1
+            parameters = dict(
+                name=name,
+                nlen=" " * len(name),
+                data=str(self),
+                mask=str(self._mask),
+                fill=str(self.fill_value),
+                dtype=str(self.dtype)
+            )
+            is_structured = bool(self.dtype.names)
+            key = '{}_{}'.format(
+                'long' if is_long else 'short',
+                'flx' if is_structured else 'std'
+            )
+            return _legacy_print_templates[key] % parameters
+
+        prefix = f"masked_{name}("
+
+        dtype_needed = (
+            not np.core.arrayprint.dtype_is_implied(self.dtype) or
+            np.all(self.mask) or
+            self.size == 0
+        )
+
+        # determine which keyword args need to be shown
+        keys = ['data', 'mask', 'fill_value']
+        if dtype_needed:
+            keys.append('dtype')
+
+        # array has only one row (non-column)
+        is_one_row = builtins.all(dim == 1 for dim in self.shape[:-1])
+
+        # choose what to indent each keyword with
+        min_indent = 2
+        if is_one_row:
+            # first key on the same line as the type, remaining keys
+            # aligned by equals
+            indents = {}
+            indents[keys[0]] = prefix
+            for k in keys[1:]:
+                n = builtins.max(min_indent, len(prefix + keys[0]) - len(k))
+                indents[k] = ' ' * n
+            prefix = ''  # absorbed into the first indent
+        else:
+            # each key on its own line, indented by two spaces
+            indents = {k: ' ' * min_indent for k in keys}
+            prefix = prefix + '\n'  # first key on the next line
+
+        # format the field values
+        reprs = {}
+        reprs['data'] = np.array2string(
+            self._insert_masked_print(),
+            separator=", ",
+            prefix=indents['data'] + 'data=',
+            suffix=',')
+        reprs['mask'] = np.array2string(
+            self._mask,
+            separator=", ",
+            prefix=indents['mask'] + 'mask=',
+            suffix=',')
+        reprs['fill_value'] = repr(self.fill_value)
+        if dtype_needed:
+            reprs['dtype'] = np.core.arrayprint.dtype_short_repr(self.dtype)
+
+        # join keys with values and indentations
+        result = ',\n'.join(
+            '{}{}={}'.format(indents[k], k, reprs[k])
+            for k in keys
+        )
+        return prefix + result + ')'
+
+    def _delegate_binop(self, other):
+        # This emulates the logic in
+        #     private/binop_override.h:forward_binop_should_defer
+        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            return False
+        array_ufunc = getattr(other, "__array_ufunc__", False)
+        if array_ufunc is False:
+            other_priority = getattr(other, "__array_priority__", -1000000)
+            return self.__array_priority__ < other_priority
+        else:
+            # If array_ufunc is not None, it will be called inside the ufunc;
+            # None explicitly tells us to not call the ufunc, i.e., defer.
+            return array_ufunc is None
+
+    def _comparison(self, other, compare):
+        """Compare self with other using operator.eq or operator.ne.
+
+        When either of the elements is masked, the result is masked as well,
+        but the underlying boolean data are still set, with self and other
+        considered equal if both are masked, and unequal otherwise.
+
+        For structured arrays, all fields are combined, with masked values
+        ignored. The result is masked if all fields were masked, with self
+        and other considered equal only if both were fully masked.
+        """
+        omask = getmask(other)
+        smask = self.mask
+        mask = mask_or(smask, omask, copy=True)
+
+        odata = getdata(other)
+        if mask.dtype.names is not None:
+            # only == and != are reasonably defined for structured dtypes,
+            # so give up early for all other comparisons:
+            if compare not in (operator.eq, operator.ne):
+                return NotImplemented
+            # For possibly masked structured arrays we need to be careful,
+            # since the standard structured array comparison will use all
+            # fields, masked or not. To avoid masked fields influencing the
+            # outcome, we set all masked fields in self to other, so they'll
+            # count as equal.  To prepare, we ensure we have the right shape.
+            broadcast_shape = np.broadcast(self, odata).shape
+            sbroadcast = np.broadcast_to(self, broadcast_shape, subok=True)
+            sbroadcast._mask = mask
+            sdata = sbroadcast.filled(odata)
+            # Now take care of the mask; the merged mask should have an item
+            # masked if all fields were masked (in one and/or other).
+            mask = (mask == np.ones((), mask.dtype))
+            # Ensure we can compare masks below if other was not masked.
+            if omask is np.False_:
+                omask = np.zeros((), smask.dtype)
+
+        else:
+            # For regular arrays, just use the data as they come.
+            sdata = self.data
+
+        check = compare(sdata, odata)
+
+        if isinstance(check, (np.bool_, bool)):
+            return masked if mask else check
+
+        if mask is not nomask:
+            if compare in (operator.eq, operator.ne):
+                # Adjust elements that were masked, which should be treated
+                # as equal if masked in both, unequal if masked in one.
+                # Note that this works automatically for structured arrays too.
+                # Ignore this for operations other than `==` and `!=`
+                check = np.where(mask, compare(smask, omask), check)
+
+            if mask.shape != check.shape:
+                # Guarantee consistency of the shape, making a copy since the
+                # the mask may need to get written to later.
+                mask = np.broadcast_to(mask, check.shape).copy()
+
+        check = check.view(type(self))
+        check._update_from(self)
+        check._mask = mask
+
+        # Cast fill value to bool_ if needed. If it cannot be cast, the
+        # default boolean fill value is used.
+        if check._fill_value is not None:
+            try:
+                fill = _check_fill_value(check._fill_value, np.bool_)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                fill = _check_fill_value(None, np.bool_)
+            check._fill_value = fill
+
+        return check
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Check whether other equals self elementwise.
+
+        When either of the elements is masked, the result is masked as well,
+        but the underlying boolean data are still set, with self and other
+        considered equal if both are masked, and unequal otherwise.
+
+        For structured arrays, all fields are combined, with masked values
+        ignored. The result is masked if all fields were masked, with self
+        and other considered equal only if both were fully masked.
+        """
+        return self._comparison(other, operator.eq)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        """Check whether other does not equal self elementwise.
+
+        When either of the elements is masked, the result is masked as well,
+        but the underlying boolean data are still set, with self and other
+        considered equal if both are masked, and unequal otherwise.
+
+        For structured arrays, all fields are combined, with masked values
+        ignored. The result is masked if all fields were masked, with self
+        and other considered equal only if both were fully masked.
+        """
+        return self._comparison(other, operator.ne)
+
+    # All other comparisons:
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return self._comparison(other, operator.le)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return self._comparison(other, operator.lt)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return self._comparison(other, operator.ge)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return self._comparison(other, operator.gt)
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        """
+        Add self to other, and return a new masked array.
+
+        """
+        if self._delegate_binop(other):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return add(self, other)
+
+    def __radd__(self, other):
+        """
+        Add other to self, and return a new masked array.
+
+        """
+        # In analogy with __rsub__ and __rdiv__, use original order:
+        # we get here from `other + self`.
+        return add(other, self)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        """
+        Subtract other from self, and return a new masked array.
+
+        """
+        if self._delegate_binop(other):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return subtract(self, other)
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other):
+        """
+        Subtract self from other, and return a new masked array.
+
+        """
+        return subtract(other, self)
+
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        "Multiply self by other, and return a new masked array."
+        if self._delegate_binop(other):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return multiply(self, other)
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
+        """
+        Multiply other by self, and return a new masked array.
+
+        """
+        # In analogy with __rsub__ and __rdiv__, use original order:
+        # we get here from `other * self`.
+        return multiply(other, self)
+
+    def __div__(self, other):
+        """
+        Divide other into self, and return a new masked array.
+
+        """
+        if self._delegate_binop(other):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return divide(self, other)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other):
+        """
+        Divide other into self, and return a new masked array.
+
+        """
+        if self._delegate_binop(other):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return true_divide(self, other)
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other):
+        """
+        Divide self into other, and return a new masked array.
+
+        """
+        return true_divide(other, self)
+
+    def __floordiv__(self, other):
+        """
+        Divide other into self, and return a new masked array.
+
+        """
+        if self._delegate_binop(other):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return floor_divide(self, other)
+
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other):
+        """
+        Divide self into other, and return a new masked array.
+
+        """
+        return floor_divide(other, self)
+
+    def __pow__(self, other):
+        """
+        Raise self to the power other, masking the potential NaNs/Infs
+
+        """
+        if self._delegate_binop(other):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return power(self, other)
+
+    def __rpow__(self, other):
+        """
+        Raise other to the power self, masking the potential NaNs/Infs
+
+        """
+        return power(other, self)
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other):
+        """
+        Add other to self in-place.
+
+        """
+        m = getmask(other)
+        if self._mask is nomask:
+            if m is not nomask and m.any():
+                self._mask = make_mask_none(self.shape, self.dtype)
+                self._mask += m
+        else:
+            if m is not nomask:
+                self._mask += m
+        other_data = getdata(other)
+        other_data = np.where(self._mask, other_data.dtype.type(0), other_data)
+        self._data.__iadd__(other_data)
+        return self
+
+    def __isub__(self, other):
+        """
+        Subtract other from self in-place.
+
+        """
+        m = getmask(other)
+        if self._mask is nomask:
+            if m is not nomask and m.any():
+                self._mask = make_mask_none(self.shape, self.dtype)
+                self._mask += m
+        elif m is not nomask:
+            self._mask += m
+        other_data = getdata(other)
+        other_data = np.where(self._mask, other_data.dtype.type(0), other_data)
+        self._data.__isub__(other_data)
+        return self
+
+    def __imul__(self, other):
+        """
+        Multiply self by other in-place.
+
+        """
+        m = getmask(other)
+        if self._mask is nomask:
+            if m is not nomask and m.any():
+                self._mask = make_mask_none(self.shape, self.dtype)
+                self._mask += m
+        elif m is not nomask:
+            self._mask += m
+        other_data = getdata(other)
+        other_data = np.where(self._mask, other_data.dtype.type(1), other_data)
+        self._data.__imul__(other_data)
+        return self
+
+    def __idiv__(self, other):
+        """
+        Divide self by other in-place.
+
+        """
+        other_data = getdata(other)
+        dom_mask = _DomainSafeDivide().__call__(self._data, other_data)
+        other_mask = getmask(other)
+        new_mask = mask_or(other_mask, dom_mask)
+        # The following 4 lines control the domain filling
+        if dom_mask.any():
+            (_, fval) = ufunc_fills[np.divide]
+            other_data = np.where(
+                    dom_mask, other_data.dtype.type(fval), other_data)
+        self._mask |= new_mask
+        other_data = np.where(self._mask, other_data.dtype.type(1), other_data)
+        self._data.__idiv__(other_data)
+        return self
+
+    def __ifloordiv__(self, other):
+        """
+        Floor divide self by other in-place.
+
+        """
+        other_data = getdata(other)
+        dom_mask = _DomainSafeDivide().__call__(self._data, other_data)
+        other_mask = getmask(other)
+        new_mask = mask_or(other_mask, dom_mask)
+        # The following 3 lines control the domain filling
+        if dom_mask.any():
+            (_, fval) = ufunc_fills[np.floor_divide]
+            other_data = np.where(
+                    dom_mask, other_data.dtype.type(fval), other_data)
+        self._mask |= new_mask
+        other_data = np.where(self._mask, other_data.dtype.type(1), other_data)
+        self._data.__ifloordiv__(other_data)
+        return self
+
+    def __itruediv__(self, other):
+        """
+        True divide self by other in-place.
+
+        """
+        other_data = getdata(other)
+        dom_mask = _DomainSafeDivide().__call__(self._data, other_data)
+        other_mask = getmask(other)
+        new_mask = mask_or(other_mask, dom_mask)
+        # The following 3 lines control the domain filling
+        if dom_mask.any():
+            (_, fval) = ufunc_fills[np.true_divide]
+            other_data = np.where(
+                    dom_mask, other_data.dtype.type(fval), other_data)
+        self._mask |= new_mask
+        other_data = np.where(self._mask, other_data.dtype.type(1), other_data)
+        self._data.__itruediv__(other_data)
+        return self
+
+    def __ipow__(self, other):
+        """
+        Raise self to the power other, in place.
+
+        """
+        other_data = getdata(other)
+        other_data = np.where(self._mask, other_data.dtype.type(1), other_data)
+        other_mask = getmask(other)
+        with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+            self._data.__ipow__(other_data)
+        invalid = np.logical_not(np.isfinite(self._data))
+        if invalid.any():
+            if self._mask is not nomask:
+                self._mask |= invalid
+            else:
+                self._mask = invalid
+            np.copyto(self._data, self.fill_value, where=invalid)
+        new_mask = mask_or(other_mask, invalid)
+        self._mask = mask_or(self._mask, new_mask)
+        return self
+
+    def __float__(self):
+        """
+        Convert to float.
+
+        """
+        if self.size > 1:
+            raise TypeError("Only length-1 arrays can be converted "
+                            "to Python scalars")
+        elif self._mask:
+            warnings.warn("Warning: converting a masked element to nan.", stacklevel=2)
+            return np.nan
+        return float(self.item())
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        """
+        Convert to int.
+
+        """
+        if self.size > 1:
+            raise TypeError("Only length-1 arrays can be converted "
+                            "to Python scalars")
+        elif self._mask:
+            raise MaskError('Cannot convert masked element to a Python int.')
+        return int(self.item())
+
+    @property
+    def imag(self):
+        """
+        The imaginary part of the masked array.
+
+        This property is a view on the imaginary part of this `MaskedArray`.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        real
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([1+1.j, -2j, 3.45+1.6j], mask=[False, True, False])
+        >>> x.imag
+        masked_array(data=[1.0, --, 1.6],
+                     mask=[False,  True, False],
+               fill_value=1e+20)
+
+        """
+        result = self._data.imag.view(type(self))
+        result.__setmask__(self._mask)
+        return result
+
+    # kept for compatibility
+    get_imag = imag.fget
+
+    @property
+    def real(self):
+        """
+        The real part of the masked array.
+
+        This property is a view on the real part of this `MaskedArray`.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        imag
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([1+1.j, -2j, 3.45+1.6j], mask=[False, True, False])
+        >>> x.real
+        masked_array(data=[1.0, --, 3.45],
+                     mask=[False,  True, False],
+               fill_value=1e+20)
+
+        """
+        result = self._data.real.view(type(self))
+        result.__setmask__(self._mask)
+        return result
+
+    # kept for compatibility
+    get_real = real.fget
+
+    def count(self, axis=None, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Count the non-masked elements of the array along the given axis.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axis : None or int or tuple of ints, optional
+            Axis or axes along which the count is performed.
+            The default, None, performs the count over all
+            the dimensions of the input array. `axis` may be negative, in
+            which case it counts from the last to the first axis.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+
+            If this is a tuple of ints, the count is performed on multiple
+            axes, instead of a single axis or all the axes as before.
+        keepdims : bool, optional
+            If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+            in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+            the result will broadcast correctly against the array.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        result : ndarray or scalar
+            An array with the same shape as the input array, with the specified
+            axis removed. If the array is a 0-d array, or if `axis` is None, a
+            scalar is returned.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        ma.count_masked : Count masked elements in array or along a given axis.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+        >>> a = ma.arange(6).reshape((2, 3))
+        >>> a[1, :] = ma.masked
+        >>> a
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[0, 1, 2],
+                [--, --, --]],
+          mask=[[False, False, False],
+                [ True,  True,  True]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+        >>> a.count()
+        3
+
+        When the `axis` keyword is specified an array of appropriate size is
+        returned.
+
+        >>> a.count(axis=0)
+        array([1, 1, 1])
+        >>> a.count(axis=1)
+        array([3, 0])
+
+        """
+        kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+        m = self._mask
+        # special case for matrices (we assume no other subclasses modify
+        # their dimensions)
+        if isinstance(self.data, np.matrix):
+            if m is nomask:
+                m = np.zeros(self.shape, dtype=np.bool_)
+            m = m.view(type(self.data))
+
+        if m is nomask:
+            # compare to _count_reduce_items in _methods.py
+
+            if self.shape == ():
+                if axis not in (None, 0):
+                    raise np.AxisError(axis=axis, ndim=self.ndim)
+                return 1
+            elif axis is None:
+                if kwargs.get('keepdims', False):
+                    return np.array(self.size, dtype=np.intp, ndmin=self.ndim)
+                return self.size
+
+            axes = normalize_axis_tuple(axis, self.ndim)
+            items = 1
+            for ax in axes:
+                items *= self.shape[ax]
+
+            if kwargs.get('keepdims', False):
+                out_dims = list(self.shape)
+                for a in axes:
+                    out_dims[a] = 1
+            else:
+                out_dims = [d for n, d in enumerate(self.shape)
+                            if n not in axes]
+            # make sure to return a 0-d array if axis is supplied
+            return np.full(out_dims, items, dtype=np.intp)
+
+        # take care of the masked singleton
+        if self is masked:
+            return 0
+
+        return (~m).sum(axis=axis, dtype=np.intp, **kwargs)
+
+    def ravel(self, order='C'):
+        """
+        Returns a 1D version of self, as a view.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        order : {'C', 'F', 'A', 'K'}, optional
+            The elements of `a` are read using this index order. 'C' means to
+            index the elements in C-like order, with the last axis index
+            changing fastest, back to the first axis index changing slowest.
+            'F' means to index the elements in Fortran-like index order, with
+            the first index changing fastest, and the last index changing
+            slowest. Note that the 'C' and 'F' options take no account of the
+            memory layout of the underlying array, and only refer to the order
+            of axis indexing.  'A' means to read the elements in Fortran-like
+            index order if `m` is Fortran *contiguous* in memory, C-like order
+            otherwise.  'K' means to read the elements in the order they occur
+            in memory, except for reversing the data when strides are negative.
+            By default, 'C' index order is used.
+            (Masked arrays currently use 'A' on the data when 'K' is passed.)
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        MaskedArray
+            Output view is of shape ``(self.size,)`` (or
+            ``(np.ma.product(self.shape),)``).
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]], mask=[0] + [1,0]*4)
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[1, --, 3],
+                [--, 5, --],
+                [7, --, 9]],
+          mask=[[False,  True, False],
+                [ True, False,  True],
+                [False,  True, False]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+        >>> x.ravel()
+        masked_array(data=[1, --, 3, --, 5, --, 7, --, 9],
+                     mask=[False,  True, False,  True, False,  True, False,  True,
+                           False],
+               fill_value=999999)
+
+        """
+        # The order of _data and _mask could be different (it shouldn't be
+        # normally).  Passing order `K` or `A` would be incorrect.
+        # So we ignore the mask memory order.
+        # TODO: We don't actually support K, so use A instead.  We could
+        #       try to guess this correct by sorting strides or deprecate.
+        if order in "kKaA":
+            order = "F" if self._data.flags.fnc else "C"
+        r = ndarray.ravel(self._data, order=order).view(type(self))
+        r._update_from(self)
+        if self._mask is not nomask:
+            r._mask = ndarray.ravel(self._mask, order=order).reshape(r.shape)
+        else:
+            r._mask = nomask
+        return r
+
+
+    def reshape(self, *s, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Give a new shape to the array without changing its data.
+
+        Returns a masked array containing the same data, but with a new shape.
+        The result is a view on the original array; if this is not possible, a
+        ValueError is raised.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        shape : int or tuple of ints
+            The new shape should be compatible with the original shape. If an
+            integer is supplied, then the result will be a 1-D array of that
+            length.
+        order : {'C', 'F'}, optional
+            Determines whether the array data should be viewed as in C
+            (row-major) or FORTRAN (column-major) order.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        reshaped_array : array
+            A new view on the array.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        reshape : Equivalent function in the masked array module.
+        numpy.ndarray.reshape : Equivalent method on ndarray object.
+        numpy.reshape : Equivalent function in the NumPy module.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The reshaping operation cannot guarantee that a copy will not be made,
+        to modify the shape in place, use ``a.shape = s``
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([[1,2],[3,4]], mask=[1,0,0,1])
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[--, 2],
+                [3, --]],
+          mask=[[ True, False],
+                [False,  True]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+        >>> x = x.reshape((4,1))
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[--],
+                [2],
+                [3],
+                [--]],
+          mask=[[ True],
+                [False],
+                [False],
+                [ True]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+
+        """
+        kwargs.update(order=kwargs.get('order', 'C'))
+        result = self._data.reshape(*s, **kwargs).view(type(self))
+        result._update_from(self)
+        mask = self._mask
+        if mask is not nomask:
+            result._mask = mask.reshape(*s, **kwargs)
+        return result
+
+    def resize(self, newshape, refcheck=True, order=False):
+        """
+        .. warning::
+
+            This method does nothing, except raise a ValueError exception. A
+            masked array does not own its data and therefore cannot safely be
+            resized in place. Use the `numpy.ma.resize` function instead.
+
+        This method is difficult to implement safely and may be deprecated in
+        future releases of NumPy.
+
+        """
+        # Note : the 'order' keyword looks broken, let's just drop it
+        errmsg = "A masked array does not own its data "\
+                 "and therefore cannot be resized.\n" \
+                 "Use the numpy.ma.resize function instead."
+        raise ValueError(errmsg)
+
+    def put(self, indices, values, mode='raise'):
+        """
+        Set storage-indexed locations to corresponding values.
+
+        Sets self._data.flat[n] = values[n] for each n in indices.
+        If `values` is shorter than `indices` then it will repeat.
+        If `values` has some masked values, the initial mask is updated
+        in consequence, else the corresponding values are unmasked.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        indices : 1-D array_like
+            Target indices, interpreted as integers.
+        values : array_like
+            Values to place in self._data copy at target indices.
+        mode : {'raise', 'wrap', 'clip'}, optional
+            Specifies how out-of-bounds indices will behave.
+            'raise' : raise an error.
+            'wrap' : wrap around.
+            'clip' : clip to the range.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        `values` can be a scalar or length 1 array.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]], mask=[0] + [1,0]*4)
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[1, --, 3],
+                [--, 5, --],
+                [7, --, 9]],
+          mask=[[False,  True, False],
+                [ True, False,  True],
+                [False,  True, False]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+        >>> x.put([0,4,8],[10,20,30])
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[10, --, 3],
+                [--, 20, --],
+                [7, --, 30]],
+          mask=[[False,  True, False],
+                [ True, False,  True],
+                [False,  True, False]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+
+        >>> x.put(4,999)
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[10, --, 3],
+                [--, 999, --],
+                [7, --, 30]],
+          mask=[[False,  True, False],
+                [ True, False,  True],
+                [False,  True, False]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+
+        """
+        # Hard mask: Get rid of the values/indices that fall on masked data
+        if self._hardmask and self._mask is not nomask:
+            mask = self._mask[indices]
+            indices = narray(indices, copy=False)
+            values = narray(values, copy=False, subok=True)
+            values.resize(indices.shape)
+            indices = indices[~mask]
+            values = values[~mask]
+
+        self._data.put(indices, values, mode=mode)
+
+        # short circuit if neither self nor values are masked
+        if self._mask is nomask and getmask(values) is nomask:
+            return
+
+        m = getmaskarray(self)
+
+        if getmask(values) is nomask:
+            m.put(indices, False, mode=mode)
+        else:
+            m.put(indices, values._mask, mode=mode)
+        m = make_mask(m, copy=False, shrink=True)
+        self._mask = m
+        return
+
+    def ids(self):
+        """
+        Return the addresses of the data and mask areas.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([1, 2, 3], mask=[0, 1, 1])
+        >>> x.ids()
+        (166670640, 166659832) # may vary
+
+        If the array has no mask, the address of `nomask` is returned. This address
+        is typically not close to the data in memory:
+
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([1, 2, 3])
+        >>> x.ids()
+        (166691080, 3083169284) # may vary
+
+        """
+        if self._mask is nomask:
+            return (self.ctypes.data, id(nomask))
+        return (self.ctypes.data, self._mask.ctypes.data)
+
+    def iscontiguous(self):
+        """
+        Return a boolean indicating whether the data is contiguous.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([1, 2, 3])
+        >>> x.iscontiguous()
+        True
+
+        `iscontiguous` returns one of the flags of the masked array:
+
+        >>> x.flags
+          C_CONTIGUOUS : True
+          F_CONTIGUOUS : True
+          OWNDATA : False
+          WRITEABLE : True
+          ALIGNED : True
+          WRITEBACKIFCOPY : False
+
+        """
+        return self.flags['CONTIGUOUS']
+
+    def all(self, axis=None, out=None, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Returns True if all elements evaluate to True.
+
+        The output array is masked where all the values along the given axis
+        are masked: if the output would have been a scalar and that all the
+        values are masked, then the output is `masked`.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.all` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.all : corresponding function for ndarrays
+        numpy.all : equivalent function
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> np.ma.array([1,2,3]).all()
+        True
+        >>> a = np.ma.array([1,2,3], mask=True)
+        >>> (a.all() is np.ma.masked)
+        True
+
+        """
+        kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+        mask = _check_mask_axis(self._mask, axis, **kwargs)
+        if out is None:
+            d = self.filled(True).all(axis=axis, **kwargs).view(type(self))
+            if d.ndim:
+                d.__setmask__(mask)
+            elif mask:
+                return masked
+            return d
+        self.filled(True).all(axis=axis, out=out, **kwargs)
+        if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+            if out.ndim or mask:
+                out.__setmask__(mask)
+        return out
+
+    def any(self, axis=None, out=None, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Returns True if any of the elements of `a` evaluate to True.
+
+        Masked values are considered as False during computation.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.any` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.any : corresponding function for ndarrays
+        numpy.any : equivalent function
+
+        """
+        kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+        mask = _check_mask_axis(self._mask, axis, **kwargs)
+        if out is None:
+            d = self.filled(False).any(axis=axis, **kwargs).view(type(self))
+            if d.ndim:
+                d.__setmask__(mask)
+            elif mask:
+                d = masked
+            return d
+        self.filled(False).any(axis=axis, out=out, **kwargs)
+        if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+            if out.ndim or mask:
+                out.__setmask__(mask)
+        return out
+
+    def nonzero(self):
+        """
+        Return the indices of unmasked elements that are not zero.
+
+        Returns a tuple of arrays, one for each dimension, containing the
+        indices of the non-zero elements in that dimension. The corresponding
+        non-zero values can be obtained with::
+
+            a[a.nonzero()]
+
+        To group the indices by element, rather than dimension, use
+        instead::
+
+            np.transpose(a.nonzero())
+
+        The result of this is always a 2d array, with a row for each non-zero
+        element.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        tuple_of_arrays : tuple
+            Indices of elements that are non-zero.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.nonzero :
+            Function operating on ndarrays.
+        flatnonzero :
+            Return indices that are non-zero in the flattened version of the input
+            array.
+        numpy.ndarray.nonzero :
+            Equivalent ndarray method.
+        count_nonzero :
+            Counts the number of non-zero elements in the input array.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+        >>> x = ma.array(np.eye(3))
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[1., 0., 0.],
+                [0., 1., 0.],
+                [0., 0., 1.]],
+          mask=False,
+          fill_value=1e+20)
+        >>> x.nonzero()
+        (array([0, 1, 2]), array([0, 1, 2]))
+
+        Masked elements are ignored.
+
+        >>> x[1, 1] = ma.masked
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+                [0.0, --, 0.0],
+                [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]],
+          mask=[[False, False, False],
+                [False,  True, False],
+                [False, False, False]],
+          fill_value=1e+20)
+        >>> x.nonzero()
+        (array([0, 2]), array([0, 2]))
+
+        Indices can also be grouped by element.
+
+        >>> np.transpose(x.nonzero())
+        array([[0, 0],
+               [2, 2]])
+
+        A common use for ``nonzero`` is to find the indices of an array, where
+        a condition is True.  Given an array `a`, the condition `a` > 3 is a
+        boolean array and since False is interpreted as 0, ma.nonzero(a > 3)
+        yields the indices of the `a` where the condition is true.
+
+        >>> a = ma.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
+        >>> a > 3
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[False, False, False],
+                [ True,  True,  True],
+                [ True,  True,  True]],
+          mask=False,
+          fill_value=True)
+        >>> ma.nonzero(a > 3)
+        (array([1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2]), array([0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]))
+
+        The ``nonzero`` method of the condition array can also be called.
+
+        >>> (a > 3).nonzero()
+        (array([1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2]), array([0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]))
+
+        """
+        return narray(self.filled(0), copy=False).nonzero()
+
+    def trace(self, offset=0, axis1=0, axis2=1, dtype=None, out=None):
+        """
+        (this docstring should be overwritten)
+        """
+        #!!!: implement out + test!
+        m = self._mask
+        if m is nomask:
+            result = super().trace(offset=offset, axis1=axis1, axis2=axis2,
+                                   out=out)
+            return result.astype(dtype)
+        else:
+            D = self.diagonal(offset=offset, axis1=axis1, axis2=axis2)
+            return D.astype(dtype).filled(0).sum(axis=-1, out=out)
+    trace.__doc__ = ndarray.trace.__doc__
+
+    def dot(self, b, out=None, strict=False):
+        """
+        a.dot(b, out=None)
+
+        Masked dot product of two arrays. Note that `out` and `strict` are
+        located in different positions than in `ma.dot`. In order to
+        maintain compatibility with the functional version, it is
+        recommended that the optional arguments be treated as keyword only.
+        At some point that may be mandatory.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        b : masked_array_like
+            Inputs array.
+        out : masked_array, optional
+            Output argument. This must have the exact kind that would be
+            returned if it was not used. In particular, it must have the
+            right type, must be C-contiguous, and its dtype must be the
+            dtype that would be returned for `ma.dot(a,b)`. This is a
+            performance feature. Therefore, if these conditions are not
+            met, an exception is raised, instead of attempting to be
+            flexible.
+        strict : bool, optional
+            Whether masked data are propagated (True) or set to 0 (False)
+            for the computation. Default is False.  Propagating the mask
+            means that if a masked value appears in a row or column, the
+            whole row or column is considered masked.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 1.10.2
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ma.dot : equivalent function
+
+        """
+        return dot(self, b, out=out, strict=strict)
+
+    def sum(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Return the sum of the array elements over the given axis.
+
+        Masked elements are set to 0 internally.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.sum` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.sum : corresponding function for ndarrays
+        numpy.sum : equivalent function
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]], mask=[0] + [1,0]*4)
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[1, --, 3],
+                [--, 5, --],
+                [7, --, 9]],
+          mask=[[False,  True, False],
+                [ True, False,  True],
+                [False,  True, False]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+        >>> x.sum()
+        25
+        >>> x.sum(axis=1)
+        masked_array(data=[4, 5, 16],
+                     mask=[False, False, False],
+               fill_value=999999)
+        >>> x.sum(axis=0)
+        masked_array(data=[8, 5, 12],
+                     mask=[False, False, False],
+               fill_value=999999)
+        >>> print(type(x.sum(axis=0, dtype=np.int64)[0]))
+        
+
+        """
+        kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+        _mask = self._mask
+        newmask = _check_mask_axis(_mask, axis, **kwargs)
+        # No explicit output
+        if out is None:
+            result = self.filled(0).sum(axis, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
+            rndim = getattr(result, 'ndim', 0)
+            if rndim:
+                result = result.view(type(self))
+                result.__setmask__(newmask)
+            elif newmask:
+                result = masked
+            return result
+        # Explicit output
+        result = self.filled(0).sum(axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, **kwargs)
+        if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+            outmask = getmask(out)
+            if outmask is nomask:
+                outmask = out._mask = make_mask_none(out.shape)
+            outmask.flat = newmask
+        return out
+
+    def cumsum(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Return the cumulative sum of the array elements over the given axis.
+
+        Masked values are set to 0 internally during the computation.
+        However, their position is saved, and the result will be masked at
+        the same locations.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.cumsum` for full documentation.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The mask is lost if `out` is not a valid :class:`ma.MaskedArray` !
+
+        Arithmetic is modular when using integer types, and no error is
+        raised on overflow.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.cumsum : corresponding function for ndarrays
+        numpy.cumsum : equivalent function
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> marr = np.ma.array(np.arange(10), mask=[0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0])
+        >>> marr.cumsum()
+        masked_array(data=[0, 1, 3, --, --, --, 9, 16, 24, 33],
+                     mask=[False, False, False,  True,  True,  True, False, False,
+                           False, False],
+               fill_value=999999)
+
+        """
+        result = self.filled(0).cumsum(axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out)
+        if out is not None:
+            if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+                out.__setmask__(self.mask)
+            return out
+        result = result.view(type(self))
+        result.__setmask__(self._mask)
+        return result
+
+    def prod(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Return the product of the array elements over the given axis.
+
+        Masked elements are set to 1 internally for computation.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.prod` for full documentation.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Arithmetic is modular when using integer types, and no error is raised
+        on overflow.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.prod : corresponding function for ndarrays
+        numpy.prod : equivalent function
+        """
+        kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+        _mask = self._mask
+        newmask = _check_mask_axis(_mask, axis, **kwargs)
+        # No explicit output
+        if out is None:
+            result = self.filled(1).prod(axis, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
+            rndim = getattr(result, 'ndim', 0)
+            if rndim:
+                result = result.view(type(self))
+                result.__setmask__(newmask)
+            elif newmask:
+                result = masked
+            return result
+        # Explicit output
+        result = self.filled(1).prod(axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, **kwargs)
+        if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+            outmask = getmask(out)
+            if outmask is nomask:
+                outmask = out._mask = make_mask_none(out.shape)
+            outmask.flat = newmask
+        return out
+    product = prod
+
+    def cumprod(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Return the cumulative product of the array elements over the given axis.
+
+        Masked values are set to 1 internally during the computation.
+        However, their position is saved, and the result will be masked at
+        the same locations.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.cumprod` for full documentation.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The mask is lost if `out` is not a valid MaskedArray !
+
+        Arithmetic is modular when using integer types, and no error is
+        raised on overflow.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.cumprod : corresponding function for ndarrays
+        numpy.cumprod : equivalent function
+        """
+        result = self.filled(1).cumprod(axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out)
+        if out is not None:
+            if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+                out.__setmask__(self._mask)
+            return out
+        result = result.view(type(self))
+        result.__setmask__(self._mask)
+        return result
+
+    def mean(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Returns the average of the array elements along given axis.
+
+        Masked entries are ignored, and result elements which are not
+        finite will be masked.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.mean` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.mean : corresponding function for ndarrays
+        numpy.mean : Equivalent function
+        numpy.ma.average : Weighted average.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> a = np.ma.array([1,2,3], mask=[False, False, True])
+        >>> a
+        masked_array(data=[1, 2, --],
+                     mask=[False, False,  True],
+               fill_value=999999)
+        >>> a.mean()
+        1.5
+
+        """
+        kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+        if self._mask is nomask:
+            result = super().mean(axis=axis, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)[()]
+        else:
+            is_float16_result = False
+            if dtype is None:
+                if issubclass(self.dtype.type, (ntypes.integer, ntypes.bool_)):
+                    dtype = mu.dtype('f8')
+                elif issubclass(self.dtype.type, ntypes.float16):
+                    dtype = mu.dtype('f4')
+                    is_float16_result = True
+            dsum = self.sum(axis=axis, dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
+            cnt = self.count(axis=axis, **kwargs)
+            if cnt.shape == () and (cnt == 0):
+                result = masked
+            elif is_float16_result:
+                result = self.dtype.type(dsum * 1. / cnt)
+            else:
+                result = dsum * 1. / cnt
+        if out is not None:
+            out.flat = result
+            if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+                outmask = getmask(out)
+                if outmask is nomask:
+                    outmask = out._mask = make_mask_none(out.shape)
+                outmask.flat = getmask(result)
+            return out
+        return result
+
+    def anom(self, axis=None, dtype=None):
+        """
+        Compute the anomalies (deviations from the arithmetic mean)
+        along the given axis.
+
+        Returns an array of anomalies, with the same shape as the input and
+        where the arithmetic mean is computed along the given axis.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axis : int, optional
+            Axis over which the anomalies are taken.
+            The default is to use the mean of the flattened array as reference.
+        dtype : dtype, optional
+            Type to use in computing the variance. For arrays of integer type
+             the default is float32; for arrays of float types it is the same as
+             the array type.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        mean : Compute the mean of the array.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> a = np.ma.array([1,2,3])
+        >>> a.anom()
+        masked_array(data=[-1.,  0.,  1.],
+                     mask=False,
+               fill_value=1e+20)
+
+        """
+        m = self.mean(axis, dtype)
+        if not axis:
+            return self - m
+        else:
+            return self - expand_dims(m, axis)
+
+    def var(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=0,
+            keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Returns the variance of the array elements along given axis.
+
+        Masked entries are ignored, and result elements which are not
+        finite will be masked.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.var` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.var : corresponding function for ndarrays
+        numpy.var : Equivalent function
+        """
+        kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+        # Easy case: nomask, business as usual
+        if self._mask is nomask:
+            ret = super().var(axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, ddof=ddof,
+                              **kwargs)[()]
+            if out is not None:
+                if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+                    out.__setmask__(nomask)
+                return out
+            return ret
+
+        # Some data are masked, yay!
+        cnt = self.count(axis=axis, **kwargs) - ddof
+        danom = self - self.mean(axis, dtype, keepdims=True)
+        if iscomplexobj(self):
+            danom = umath.absolute(danom) ** 2
+        else:
+            danom *= danom
+        dvar = divide(danom.sum(axis, **kwargs), cnt).view(type(self))
+        # Apply the mask if it's not a scalar
+        if dvar.ndim:
+            dvar._mask = mask_or(self._mask.all(axis, **kwargs), (cnt <= 0))
+            dvar._update_from(self)
+        elif getmask(dvar):
+            # Make sure that masked is returned when the scalar is masked.
+            dvar = masked
+            if out is not None:
+                if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+                    out.flat = 0
+                    out.__setmask__(True)
+                elif out.dtype.kind in 'biu':
+                    errmsg = "Masked data information would be lost in one or "\
+                             "more location."
+                    raise MaskError(errmsg)
+                else:
+                    out.flat = np.nan
+                return out
+        # In case with have an explicit output
+        if out is not None:
+            # Set the data
+            out.flat = dvar
+            # Set the mask if needed
+            if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+                out.__setmask__(dvar.mask)
+            return out
+        return dvar
+    var.__doc__ = np.var.__doc__
+
+    def std(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=0,
+            keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Returns the standard deviation of the array elements along given axis.
+
+        Masked entries are ignored.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.std` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.std : corresponding function for ndarrays
+        numpy.std : Equivalent function
+        """
+        kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+        dvar = self.var(axis, dtype, out, ddof, **kwargs)
+        if dvar is not masked:
+            if out is not None:
+                np.power(out, 0.5, out=out, casting='unsafe')
+                return out
+            dvar = sqrt(dvar)
+        return dvar
+
+    def round(self, decimals=0, out=None):
+        """
+        Return each element rounded to the given number of decimals.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.around` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.round : corresponding function for ndarrays
+        numpy.around : equivalent function
+        """
+        result = self._data.round(decimals=decimals, out=out).view(type(self))
+        if result.ndim > 0:
+            result._mask = self._mask
+            result._update_from(self)
+        elif self._mask:
+            # Return masked when the scalar is masked
+            result = masked
+        # No explicit output: we're done
+        if out is None:
+            return result
+        if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+            out.__setmask__(self._mask)
+        return out
+
+    def argsort(self, axis=np._NoValue, kind=None, order=None,
+                endwith=True, fill_value=None):
+        """
+        Return an ndarray of indices that sort the array along the
+        specified axis.  Masked values are filled beforehand to
+        `fill_value`.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axis : int, optional
+            Axis along which to sort. If None, the default, the flattened array
+            is used.
+
+            ..  versionchanged:: 1.13.0
+                Previously, the default was documented to be -1, but that was
+                in error. At some future date, the default will change to -1, as
+                originally intended.
+                Until then, the axis should be given explicitly when
+                ``arr.ndim > 1``, to avoid a FutureWarning.
+        kind : {'quicksort', 'mergesort', 'heapsort', 'stable'}, optional
+            The sorting algorithm used.
+        order : list, optional
+            When `a` is an array with fields defined, this argument specifies
+            which fields to compare first, second, etc.  Not all fields need be
+            specified.
+        endwith : {True, False}, optional
+            Whether missing values (if any) should be treated as the largest values
+            (True) or the smallest values (False)
+            When the array contains unmasked values at the same extremes of the
+            datatype, the ordering of these values and the masked values is
+            undefined.
+        fill_value : scalar or None, optional
+            Value used internally for the masked values.
+            If ``fill_value`` is not None, it supersedes ``endwith``.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        index_array : ndarray, int
+            Array of indices that sort `a` along the specified axis.
+            In other words, ``a[index_array]`` yields a sorted `a`.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        ma.MaskedArray.sort : Describes sorting algorithms used.
+        lexsort : Indirect stable sort with multiple keys.
+        numpy.ndarray.sort : Inplace sort.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        See `sort` for notes on the different sorting algorithms.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> a = np.ma.array([3,2,1], mask=[False, False, True])
+        >>> a
+        masked_array(data=[3, 2, --],
+                     mask=[False, False,  True],
+               fill_value=999999)
+        >>> a.argsort()
+        array([1, 0, 2])
+
+        """
+
+        # 2017-04-11, Numpy 1.13.0, gh-8701: warn on axis default
+        if axis is np._NoValue:
+            axis = _deprecate_argsort_axis(self)
+
+        if fill_value is None:
+            if endwith:
+                # nan > inf
+                if np.issubdtype(self.dtype, np.floating):
+                    fill_value = np.nan
+                else:
+                    fill_value = minimum_fill_value(self)
+            else:
+                fill_value = maximum_fill_value(self)
+
+        filled = self.filled(fill_value)
+        return filled.argsort(axis=axis, kind=kind, order=order)
+
+    def argmin(self, axis=None, fill_value=None, out=None, *,
+                keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Return array of indices to the minimum values along the given axis.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axis : {None, integer}
+            If None, the index is into the flattened array, otherwise along
+            the specified axis
+        fill_value : scalar or None, optional
+            Value used to fill in the masked values.  If None, the output of
+            minimum_fill_value(self._data) is used instead.
+        out : {None, array}, optional
+            Array into which the result can be placed. Its type is preserved
+            and it must be of the right shape to hold the output.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ndarray or scalar
+            If multi-dimension input, returns a new ndarray of indices to the
+            minimum values along the given axis.  Otherwise, returns a scalar
+            of index to the minimum values along the given axis.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array(np.arange(4), mask=[1,1,0,0])
+        >>> x.shape = (2,2)
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[--, --],
+                [2, 3]],
+          mask=[[ True,  True],
+                [False, False]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+        >>> x.argmin(axis=0, fill_value=-1)
+        array([0, 0])
+        >>> x.argmin(axis=0, fill_value=9)
+        array([1, 1])
+
+        """
+        if fill_value is None:
+            fill_value = minimum_fill_value(self)
+        d = self.filled(fill_value).view(ndarray)
+        keepdims = False if keepdims is np._NoValue else bool(keepdims)
+        return d.argmin(axis, out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
+
+    def argmax(self, axis=None, fill_value=None, out=None, *,
+                keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Returns array of indices of the maximum values along the given axis.
+        Masked values are treated as if they had the value fill_value.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axis : {None, integer}
+            If None, the index is into the flattened array, otherwise along
+            the specified axis
+        fill_value : scalar or None, optional
+            Value used to fill in the masked values.  If None, the output of
+            maximum_fill_value(self._data) is used instead.
+        out : {None, array}, optional
+            Array into which the result can be placed. Its type is preserved
+            and it must be of the right shape to hold the output.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        index_array : {integer_array}
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> a = np.arange(6).reshape(2,3)
+        >>> a.argmax()
+        5
+        >>> a.argmax(0)
+        array([1, 1, 1])
+        >>> a.argmax(1)
+        array([2, 2])
+
+        """
+        if fill_value is None:
+            fill_value = maximum_fill_value(self._data)
+        d = self.filled(fill_value).view(ndarray)
+        keepdims = False if keepdims is np._NoValue else bool(keepdims)
+        return d.argmax(axis, out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
+
+    def sort(self, axis=-1, kind=None, order=None,
+             endwith=True, fill_value=None):
+        """
+        Sort the array, in-place
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        a : array_like
+            Array to be sorted.
+        axis : int, optional
+            Axis along which to sort. If None, the array is flattened before
+            sorting. The default is -1, which sorts along the last axis.
+        kind : {'quicksort', 'mergesort', 'heapsort', 'stable'}, optional
+            The sorting algorithm used.
+        order : list, optional
+            When `a` is a structured array, this argument specifies which fields
+            to compare first, second, and so on.  This list does not need to
+            include all of the fields.
+        endwith : {True, False}, optional
+            Whether missing values (if any) should be treated as the largest values
+            (True) or the smallest values (False)
+            When the array contains unmasked values sorting at the same extremes of the
+            datatype, the ordering of these values and the masked values is
+            undefined.
+        fill_value : scalar or None, optional
+            Value used internally for the masked values.
+            If ``fill_value`` is not None, it supersedes ``endwith``.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        sorted_array : ndarray
+            Array of the same type and shape as `a`.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.sort : Method to sort an array in-place.
+        argsort : Indirect sort.
+        lexsort : Indirect stable sort on multiple keys.
+        searchsorted : Find elements in a sorted array.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        See ``sort`` for notes on the different sorting algorithms.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> a = np.ma.array([1, 2, 5, 4, 3],mask=[0, 1, 0, 1, 0])
+        >>> # Default
+        >>> a.sort()
+        >>> a
+        masked_array(data=[1, 3, 5, --, --],
+                     mask=[False, False, False,  True,  True],
+               fill_value=999999)
+
+        >>> a = np.ma.array([1, 2, 5, 4, 3],mask=[0, 1, 0, 1, 0])
+        >>> # Put missing values in the front
+        >>> a.sort(endwith=False)
+        >>> a
+        masked_array(data=[--, --, 1, 3, 5],
+                     mask=[ True,  True, False, False, False],
+               fill_value=999999)
+
+        >>> a = np.ma.array([1, 2, 5, 4, 3],mask=[0, 1, 0, 1, 0])
+        >>> # fill_value takes over endwith
+        >>> a.sort(endwith=False, fill_value=3)
+        >>> a
+        masked_array(data=[1, --, --, 3, 5],
+                     mask=[False,  True,  True, False, False],
+               fill_value=999999)
+
+        """
+        if self._mask is nomask:
+            ndarray.sort(self, axis=axis, kind=kind, order=order)
+            return
+
+        if self is masked:
+            return
+
+        sidx = self.argsort(axis=axis, kind=kind, order=order,
+                            fill_value=fill_value, endwith=endwith)
+
+        self[...] = np.take_along_axis(self, sidx, axis=axis)
+
+    def min(self, axis=None, out=None, fill_value=None, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Return the minimum along a given axis.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axis : None or int or tuple of ints, optional
+            Axis along which to operate.  By default, ``axis`` is None and the
+            flattened input is used.
+            .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+            If this is a tuple of ints, the minimum is selected over multiple
+            axes, instead of a single axis or all the axes as before.
+        out : array_like, optional
+            Alternative output array in which to place the result.  Must be of
+            the same shape and buffer length as the expected output.
+        fill_value : scalar or None, optional
+            Value used to fill in the masked values.
+            If None, use the output of `minimum_fill_value`.
+        keepdims : bool, optional
+            If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+            in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+            the result will broadcast correctly against the array.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        amin : array_like
+            New array holding the result.
+            If ``out`` was specified, ``out`` is returned.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        ma.minimum_fill_value
+            Returns the minimum filling value for a given datatype.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+        >>> x = [[1., -2., 3.], [0.2, -0.7, 0.1]]
+        >>> mask = [[1, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]]
+        >>> masked_x = ma.masked_array(x, mask)
+        >>> masked_x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[--, --, 3.0],
+                [0.2, -0.7, --]],
+          mask=[[ True,  True, False],
+                [False, False,  True]],
+          fill_value=1e+20)
+        >>> ma.min(masked_x)
+        -0.7
+        >>> ma.min(masked_x, axis=-1)
+        masked_array(data=[3.0, -0.7],
+                     mask=[False, False],
+                fill_value=1e+20)
+        >>> ma.min(masked_x, axis=0, keepdims=True)
+        masked_array(data=[[0.2, -0.7, 3.0]],
+                     mask=[[False, False, False]],
+                fill_value=1e+20)
+        >>> mask = [[1, 1, 1,], [1, 1, 1]]
+        >>> masked_x = ma.masked_array(x, mask)
+        >>> ma.min(masked_x, axis=0)
+        masked_array(data=[--, --, --],
+                     mask=[ True,  True,  True],
+                fill_value=1e+20,
+                    dtype=float64)
+        """
+        kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+        _mask = self._mask
+        newmask = _check_mask_axis(_mask, axis, **kwargs)
+        if fill_value is None:
+            fill_value = minimum_fill_value(self)
+        # No explicit output
+        if out is None:
+            result = self.filled(fill_value).min(
+                axis=axis, out=out, **kwargs).view(type(self))
+            if result.ndim:
+                # Set the mask
+                result.__setmask__(newmask)
+                # Get rid of Infs
+                if newmask.ndim:
+                    np.copyto(result, result.fill_value, where=newmask)
+            elif newmask:
+                result = masked
+            return result
+        # Explicit output
+        result = self.filled(fill_value).min(axis=axis, out=out, **kwargs)
+        if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+            outmask = getmask(out)
+            if outmask is nomask:
+                outmask = out._mask = make_mask_none(out.shape)
+            outmask.flat = newmask
+        else:
+            if out.dtype.kind in 'biu':
+                errmsg = "Masked data information would be lost in one or more"\
+                         " location."
+                raise MaskError(errmsg)
+            np.copyto(out, np.nan, where=newmask)
+        return out
+
+    def max(self, axis=None, out=None, fill_value=None, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+        """
+        Return the maximum along a given axis.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axis : None or int or tuple of ints, optional
+            Axis along which to operate.  By default, ``axis`` is None and the
+            flattened input is used.
+            .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+            If this is a tuple of ints, the maximum is selected over multiple
+            axes, instead of a single axis or all the axes as before.
+        out : array_like, optional
+            Alternative output array in which to place the result.  Must
+            be of the same shape and buffer length as the expected output.
+        fill_value : scalar or None, optional
+            Value used to fill in the masked values.
+            If None, use the output of maximum_fill_value().
+        keepdims : bool, optional
+            If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+            in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+            the result will broadcast correctly against the array.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        amax : array_like
+            New array holding the result.
+            If ``out`` was specified, ``out`` is returned.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        ma.maximum_fill_value
+            Returns the maximum filling value for a given datatype.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+        >>> x = [[-1., 2.5], [4., -2.], [3., 0.]]
+        >>> mask = [[0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 0]]
+        >>> masked_x = ma.masked_array(x, mask)
+        >>> masked_x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[-1.0, 2.5],
+                [--, -2.0],
+                [--, 0.0]],
+          mask=[[False, False],
+                [ True, False],
+                [ True, False]],
+          fill_value=1e+20)
+        >>> ma.max(masked_x)
+        2.5
+        >>> ma.max(masked_x, axis=0)
+        masked_array(data=[-1.0, 2.5],
+                     mask=[False, False],
+               fill_value=1e+20)
+        >>> ma.max(masked_x, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[2.5],
+                [-2.0],
+                [0.0]],
+          mask=[[False],
+                [False],
+                [False]],
+          fill_value=1e+20)
+        >>> mask = [[1, 1], [1, 1], [1, 1]]
+        >>> masked_x = ma.masked_array(x, mask)
+        >>> ma.max(masked_x, axis=1)
+        masked_array(data=[--, --, --],
+                     mask=[ True,  True,  True],
+               fill_value=1e+20,
+                    dtype=float64)
+        """
+        kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+        _mask = self._mask
+        newmask = _check_mask_axis(_mask, axis, **kwargs)
+        if fill_value is None:
+            fill_value = maximum_fill_value(self)
+        # No explicit output
+        if out is None:
+            result = self.filled(fill_value).max(
+                axis=axis, out=out, **kwargs).view(type(self))
+            if result.ndim:
+                # Set the mask
+                result.__setmask__(newmask)
+                # Get rid of Infs
+                if newmask.ndim:
+                    np.copyto(result, result.fill_value, where=newmask)
+            elif newmask:
+                result = masked
+            return result
+        # Explicit output
+        result = self.filled(fill_value).max(axis=axis, out=out, **kwargs)
+        if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+            outmask = getmask(out)
+            if outmask is nomask:
+                outmask = out._mask = make_mask_none(out.shape)
+            outmask.flat = newmask
+        else:
+
+            if out.dtype.kind in 'biu':
+                errmsg = "Masked data information would be lost in one or more"\
+                         " location."
+                raise MaskError(errmsg)
+            np.copyto(out, np.nan, where=newmask)
+        return out
+
+    def ptp(self, axis=None, out=None, fill_value=None, keepdims=False):
+        """
+        Return (maximum - minimum) along the given dimension
+        (i.e. peak-to-peak value).
+
+        .. warning::
+            `ptp` preserves the data type of the array. This means the
+            return value for an input of signed integers with n bits
+            (e.g. `np.int8`, `np.int16`, etc) is also a signed integer
+            with n bits.  In that case, peak-to-peak values greater than
+            ``2**(n-1)-1`` will be returned as negative values. An example
+            with a work-around is shown below.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axis : {None, int}, optional
+            Axis along which to find the peaks.  If None (default) the
+            flattened array is used.
+        out : {None, array_like}, optional
+            Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must
+            have the same shape and buffer length as the expected output
+            but the type will be cast if necessary.
+        fill_value : scalar or None, optional
+            Value used to fill in the masked values.
+        keepdims : bool, optional
+            If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+            in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+            the result will broadcast correctly against the array.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ptp : ndarray.
+            A new array holding the result, unless ``out`` was
+            specified, in which case a reference to ``out`` is returned.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.MaskedArray([[4, 9, 2, 10],
+        ...                        [6, 9, 7, 12]])
+
+        >>> x.ptp(axis=1)
+        masked_array(data=[8, 6],
+                     mask=False,
+               fill_value=999999)
+
+        >>> x.ptp(axis=0)
+        masked_array(data=[2, 0, 5, 2],
+                     mask=False,
+               fill_value=999999)
+
+        >>> x.ptp()
+        10
+
+        This example shows that a negative value can be returned when
+        the input is an array of signed integers.
+
+        >>> y = np.ma.MaskedArray([[1, 127],
+        ...                        [0, 127],
+        ...                        [-1, 127],
+        ...                        [-2, 127]], dtype=np.int8)
+        >>> y.ptp(axis=1)
+        masked_array(data=[ 126,  127, -128, -127],
+                     mask=False,
+               fill_value=999999,
+                    dtype=int8)
+
+        A work-around is to use the `view()` method to view the result as
+        unsigned integers with the same bit width:
+
+        >>> y.ptp(axis=1).view(np.uint8)
+        masked_array(data=[126, 127, 128, 129],
+                     mask=False,
+               fill_value=999999,
+                    dtype=uint8)
+        """
+        if out is None:
+            result = self.max(axis=axis, fill_value=fill_value,
+                              keepdims=keepdims)
+            result -= self.min(axis=axis, fill_value=fill_value,
+                               keepdims=keepdims)
+            return result
+        out.flat = self.max(axis=axis, out=out, fill_value=fill_value,
+                            keepdims=keepdims)
+        min_value = self.min(axis=axis, fill_value=fill_value,
+                             keepdims=keepdims)
+        np.subtract(out, min_value, out=out, casting='unsafe')
+        return out
+
+    def partition(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        warnings.warn("Warning: 'partition' will ignore the 'mask' "
+                      f"of the {self.__class__.__name__}.",
+                      stacklevel=2)
+        return super().partition(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def argpartition(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        warnings.warn("Warning: 'argpartition' will ignore the 'mask' "
+                      f"of the {self.__class__.__name__}.",
+                      stacklevel=2)
+        return super().argpartition(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def take(self, indices, axis=None, out=None, mode='raise'):
+        """
+        """
+        (_data, _mask) = (self._data, self._mask)
+        cls = type(self)
+        # Make sure the indices are not masked
+        maskindices = getmask(indices)
+        if maskindices is not nomask:
+            indices = indices.filled(0)
+        # Get the data, promoting scalars to 0d arrays with [...] so that
+        # .view works correctly
+        if out is None:
+            out = _data.take(indices, axis=axis, mode=mode)[...].view(cls)
+        else:
+            np.take(_data, indices, axis=axis, mode=mode, out=out)
+        # Get the mask
+        if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+            if _mask is nomask:
+                outmask = maskindices
+            else:
+                outmask = _mask.take(indices, axis=axis, mode=mode)
+                outmask |= maskindices
+            out.__setmask__(outmask)
+        # demote 0d arrays back to scalars, for consistency with ndarray.take
+        return out[()]
+
+    # Array methods
+    copy = _arraymethod('copy')
+    diagonal = _arraymethod('diagonal')
+    flatten = _arraymethod('flatten')
+    repeat = _arraymethod('repeat')
+    squeeze = _arraymethod('squeeze')
+    swapaxes = _arraymethod('swapaxes')
+    T = property(fget=lambda self: self.transpose())
+    transpose = _arraymethod('transpose')
+
+    def tolist(self, fill_value=None):
+        """
+        Return the data portion of the masked array as a hierarchical Python list.
+
+        Data items are converted to the nearest compatible Python type.
+        Masked values are converted to `fill_value`. If `fill_value` is None,
+        the corresponding entries in the output list will be ``None``.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fill_value : scalar, optional
+            The value to use for invalid entries. Default is None.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        result : list
+            The Python list representation of the masked array.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], mask=[0] + [1,0]*4)
+        >>> x.tolist()
+        [[1, None, 3], [None, 5, None], [7, None, 9]]
+        >>> x.tolist(-999)
+        [[1, -999, 3], [-999, 5, -999], [7, -999, 9]]
+
+        """
+        _mask = self._mask
+        # No mask ? Just return .data.tolist ?
+        if _mask is nomask:
+            return self._data.tolist()
+        # Explicit fill_value: fill the array and get the list
+        if fill_value is not None:
+            return self.filled(fill_value).tolist()
+        # Structured array.
+        names = self.dtype.names
+        if names:
+            result = self._data.astype([(_, object) for _ in names])
+            for n in names:
+                result[n][_mask[n]] = None
+            return result.tolist()
+        # Standard arrays.
+        if _mask is nomask:
+            return [None]
+        # Set temps to save time when dealing w/ marrays.
+        inishape = self.shape
+        result = np.array(self._data.ravel(), dtype=object)
+        result[_mask.ravel()] = None
+        result.shape = inishape
+        return result.tolist()
+
+    def tostring(self, fill_value=None, order='C'):
+        r"""
+        A compatibility alias for `tobytes`, with exactly the same behavior.
+
+        Despite its name, it returns `bytes` not `str`\ s.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.19.0
+        """
+        # 2020-03-30, Numpy 1.19.0
+        warnings.warn(
+            "tostring() is deprecated. Use tobytes() instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+        return self.tobytes(fill_value, order=order)
+
+    def tobytes(self, fill_value=None, order='C'):
+        """
+        Return the array data as a string containing the raw bytes in the array.
+
+        The array is filled with a fill value before the string conversion.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fill_value : scalar, optional
+            Value used to fill in the masked values. Default is None, in which
+            case `MaskedArray.fill_value` is used.
+        order : {'C','F','A'}, optional
+            Order of the data item in the copy. Default is 'C'.
+
+            - 'C'   -- C order (row major).
+            - 'F'   -- Fortran order (column major).
+            - 'A'   -- Any, current order of array.
+            - None  -- Same as 'A'.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ndarray.tobytes
+        tolist, tofile
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        As for `ndarray.tobytes`, information about the shape, dtype, etc.,
+        but also about `fill_value`, will be lost.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array(np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]), mask=[[0, 1], [1, 0]])
+        >>> x.tobytes()
+        b'\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00?B\\x0f\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00?B\\x0f\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x04\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00'
+
+        """
+        return self.filled(fill_value).tobytes(order=order)
+
+    def tofile(self, fid, sep="", format="%s"):
+        """
+        Save a masked array to a file in binary format.
+
+        .. warning::
+          This function is not implemented yet.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        NotImplementedError
+            When `tofile` is called.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("MaskedArray.tofile() not implemented yet.")
+
+    def toflex(self):
+        """
+        Transforms a masked array into a flexible-type array.
+
+        The flexible type array that is returned will have two fields:
+
+        * the ``_data`` field stores the ``_data`` part of the array.
+        * the ``_mask`` field stores the ``_mask`` part of the array.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        record : ndarray
+            A new flexible-type `ndarray` with two fields: the first element
+            containing a value, the second element containing the corresponding
+            mask boolean. The returned record shape matches self.shape.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        A side-effect of transforming a masked array into a flexible `ndarray` is
+        that meta information (``fill_value``, ...) will be lost.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.ma.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]], mask=[0] + [1,0]*4)
+        >>> x
+        masked_array(
+          data=[[1, --, 3],
+                [--, 5, --],
+                [7, --, 9]],
+          mask=[[False,  True, False],
+                [ True, False,  True],
+                [False,  True, False]],
+          fill_value=999999)
+        >>> x.toflex()
+        array([[(1, False), (2,  True), (3, False)],
+               [(4,  True), (5, False), (6,  True)],
+               [(7, False), (8,  True), (9, False)]],
+              dtype=[('_data', 'i2", (2,))])
+            # x = A[0]; y = x["A"]; then y.mask["A"].size==2
+            # and we can not say masked/unmasked.
+            # The result is no longer mvoid!
+            # See also issue #6724.
+            return masked_array(
+                data=self._data[indx], mask=m[indx],
+                fill_value=self._fill_value[indx],
+                hard_mask=self._hardmask)
+        if m is not nomask and m[indx]:
+            return masked
+        return self._data[indx]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, indx, value):
+        self._data[indx] = value
+        if self._hardmask:
+            self._mask[indx] |= getattr(value, "_mask", False)
+        else:
+            self._mask[indx] = getattr(value, "_mask", False)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        m = self._mask
+        if m is nomask:
+            return str(self._data)
+
+        rdtype = _replace_dtype_fields(self._data.dtype, "O")
+        data_arr = super()._data
+        res = data_arr.astype(rdtype)
+        _recursive_printoption(res, self._mask, masked_print_option)
+        return str(res)
+
+    __repr__ = __str__
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        "Defines an iterator for mvoid"
+        (_data, _mask) = (self._data, self._mask)
+        if _mask is nomask:
+            yield from _data
+        else:
+            for (d, m) in zip(_data, _mask):
+                if m:
+                    yield masked
+                else:
+                    yield d
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self._data.__len__()
+
+    def filled(self, fill_value=None):
+        """
+        Return a copy with masked fields filled with a given value.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fill_value : array_like, optional
+            The value to use for invalid entries. Can be scalar or
+            non-scalar. If latter is the case, the filled array should
+            be broadcastable over input array. Default is None, in
+            which case the `fill_value` attribute is used instead.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        filled_void
+            A `np.void` object
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        MaskedArray.filled
+
+        """
+        return asarray(self).filled(fill_value)[()]
+
+    def tolist(self):
+        """
+    Transforms the mvoid object into a tuple.
+
+    Masked fields are replaced by None.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    returned_tuple
+        Tuple of fields
+        """
+        _mask = self._mask
+        if _mask is nomask:
+            return self._data.tolist()
+        result = []
+        for (d, m) in zip(self._data, self._mask):
+            if m:
+                result.append(None)
+            else:
+                # .item() makes sure we return a standard Python object
+                result.append(d.item())
+        return tuple(result)
+
+
+##############################################################################
+#                                Shortcuts                                   #
+##############################################################################
+
+
+def isMaskedArray(x):
+    """
+    Test whether input is an instance of MaskedArray.
+
+    This function returns True if `x` is an instance of MaskedArray
+    and returns False otherwise.  Any object is accepted as input.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : object
+        Object to test.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : bool
+        True if `x` is a MaskedArray.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    isMA : Alias to isMaskedArray.
+    isarray : Alias to isMaskedArray.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.eye(3, 3)
+    >>> a
+    array([[ 1.,  0.,  0.],
+           [ 0.,  1.,  0.],
+           [ 0.,  0.,  1.]])
+    >>> m = ma.masked_values(a, 0)
+    >>> m
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[1.0, --, --],
+            [--, 1.0, --],
+            [--, --, 1.0]],
+      mask=[[False,  True,  True],
+            [ True, False,  True],
+            [ True,  True, False]],
+      fill_value=0.0)
+    >>> ma.isMaskedArray(a)
+    False
+    >>> ma.isMaskedArray(m)
+    True
+    >>> ma.isMaskedArray([0, 1, 2])
+    False
+
+    """
+    return isinstance(x, MaskedArray)
+
+
+isarray = isMaskedArray
+isMA = isMaskedArray  # backward compatibility
+
+
+class MaskedConstant(MaskedArray):
+    # the lone np.ma.masked instance
+    __singleton = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __has_singleton(cls):
+        # second case ensures `cls.__singleton` is not just a view on the
+        # superclass singleton
+        return cls.__singleton is not None and type(cls.__singleton) is cls
+
+    def __new__(cls):
+        if not cls.__has_singleton():
+            # We define the masked singleton as a float for higher precedence.
+            # Note that it can be tricky sometimes w/ type comparison
+            data = np.array(0.)
+            mask = np.array(True)
+
+            # prevent any modifications
+            data.flags.writeable = False
+            mask.flags.writeable = False
+
+            # don't fall back on MaskedArray.__new__(MaskedConstant), since
+            # that might confuse it - this way, the construction is entirely
+            # within our control
+            cls.__singleton = MaskedArray(data, mask=mask).view(cls)
+
+        return cls.__singleton
+
+    def __array_finalize__(self, obj):
+        if not self.__has_singleton():
+            # this handles the `.view` in __new__, which we want to copy across
+            # properties normally
+            return super().__array_finalize__(obj)
+        elif self is self.__singleton:
+            # not clear how this can happen, play it safe
+            pass
+        else:
+            # everywhere else, we want to downcast to MaskedArray, to prevent a
+            # duplicate maskedconstant.
+            self.__class__ = MaskedArray
+            MaskedArray.__array_finalize__(self, obj)
+
+    def __array_prepare__(self, obj, context=None):
+        return self.view(MaskedArray).__array_prepare__(obj, context)
+
+    def __array_wrap__(self, obj, context=None):
+        return self.view(MaskedArray).__array_wrap__(obj, context)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(masked_print_option._display)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self is MaskedConstant.__singleton:
+            return 'masked'
+        else:
+            # it's a subclass, or something is wrong, make it obvious
+            return object.__repr__(self)
+
+    def __format__(self, format_spec):
+        # Replace ndarray.__format__ with the default, which supports no format characters.
+        # Supporting format characters is unwise here, because we do not know what type
+        # the user was expecting - better to not guess.
+        try:
+            return object.__format__(self, format_spec)
+        except TypeError:
+            # 2020-03-23, NumPy 1.19.0
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Format strings passed to MaskedConstant are ignored, but in future may "
+                "error or produce different behavior",
+                FutureWarning, stacklevel=2
+            )
+            return object.__format__(self, "")
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        """Override of MaskedArray's __reduce__.
+        """
+        return (self.__class__, ())
+
+    # inplace operations have no effect. We have to override them to avoid
+    # trying to modify the readonly data and mask arrays
+    def __iop__(self, other):
+        return self
+    __iadd__ = \
+    __isub__ = \
+    __imul__ = \
+    __ifloordiv__ = \
+    __itruediv__ = \
+    __ipow__ = \
+        __iop__
+    del __iop__  # don't leave this around
+
+    def copy(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """ Copy is a no-op on the maskedconstant, as it is a scalar """
+        # maskedconstant is a scalar, so copy doesn't need to copy. There's
+        # precedent for this with `np.bool_` scalars.
+        return self
+
+    def __copy__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+        return self
+
+    def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
+        if not self.__has_singleton():
+            # allow the singleton to be initialized
+            return super().__setattr__(attr, value)
+        elif self is self.__singleton:
+            raise AttributeError(
+                f"attributes of {self!r} are not writeable")
+        else:
+            # duplicate instance - we can end up here from __array_finalize__,
+            # where we set the __class__ attribute
+            return super().__setattr__(attr, value)
+
+
+masked = masked_singleton = MaskedConstant()
+masked_array = MaskedArray
+
+
+def array(data, dtype=None, copy=False, order=None,
+          mask=nomask, fill_value=None, keep_mask=True,
+          hard_mask=False, shrink=True, subok=True, ndmin=0):
+    """
+    Shortcut to MaskedArray.
+
+    The options are in a different order for convenience and backwards
+    compatibility.
+
+    """
+    return MaskedArray(data, mask=mask, dtype=dtype, copy=copy,
+                       subok=subok, keep_mask=keep_mask,
+                       hard_mask=hard_mask, fill_value=fill_value,
+                       ndmin=ndmin, shrink=shrink, order=order)
+array.__doc__ = masked_array.__doc__
+
+
+def is_masked(x):
+    """
+    Determine whether input has masked values.
+
+    Accepts any object as input, but always returns False unless the
+    input is a MaskedArray containing masked values.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Array to check for masked values.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : bool
+        True if `x` is a MaskedArray with masked values, False otherwise.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> x = ma.masked_equal([0, 1, 0, 2, 3], 0)
+    >>> x
+    masked_array(data=[--, 1, --, 2, 3],
+                 mask=[ True, False,  True, False, False],
+           fill_value=0)
+    >>> ma.is_masked(x)
+    True
+    >>> x = ma.masked_equal([0, 1, 0, 2, 3], 42)
+    >>> x
+    masked_array(data=[0, 1, 0, 2, 3],
+                 mask=False,
+           fill_value=42)
+    >>> ma.is_masked(x)
+    False
+
+    Always returns False if `x` isn't a MaskedArray.
+
+    >>> x = [False, True, False]
+    >>> ma.is_masked(x)
+    False
+    >>> x = 'a string'
+    >>> ma.is_masked(x)
+    False
+
+    """
+    m = getmask(x)
+    if m is nomask:
+        return False
+    elif m.any():
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+##############################################################################
+#                             Extrema functions                              #
+##############################################################################
+
+
+class _extrema_operation(_MaskedUFunc):
+    """
+    Generic class for maximum/minimum functions.
+
+    .. note::
+      This is the base class for `_maximum_operation` and
+      `_minimum_operation`.
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, ufunc, compare, fill_value):
+        super().__init__(ufunc)
+        self.compare = compare
+        self.fill_value_func = fill_value
+
+    def __call__(self, a, b):
+        "Executes the call behavior."
+
+        return where(self.compare(a, b), a, b)
+
+    def reduce(self, target, axis=np._NoValue):
+        "Reduce target along the given axis."
+        target = narray(target, copy=False, subok=True)
+        m = getmask(target)
+
+        if axis is np._NoValue and target.ndim > 1:
+            # 2017-05-06, Numpy 1.13.0: warn on axis default
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"In the future the default for ma.{self.__name__}.reduce will be axis=0, "
+                f"not the current None, to match np.{self.__name__}.reduce. "
+                "Explicitly pass 0 or None to silence this warning.",
+                MaskedArrayFutureWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            axis = None
+
+        if axis is not np._NoValue:
+            kwargs = dict(axis=axis)
+        else:
+            kwargs = dict()
+
+        if m is nomask:
+            t = self.f.reduce(target, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            target = target.filled(
+                self.fill_value_func(target)).view(type(target))
+            t = self.f.reduce(target, **kwargs)
+            m = umath.logical_and.reduce(m, **kwargs)
+            if hasattr(t, '_mask'):
+                t._mask = m
+            elif m:
+                t = masked
+        return t
+
+    def outer(self, a, b):
+        "Return the function applied to the outer product of a and b."
+        ma = getmask(a)
+        mb = getmask(b)
+        if ma is nomask and mb is nomask:
+            m = nomask
+        else:
+            ma = getmaskarray(a)
+            mb = getmaskarray(b)
+            m = logical_or.outer(ma, mb)
+        result = self.f.outer(filled(a), filled(b))
+        if not isinstance(result, MaskedArray):
+            result = result.view(MaskedArray)
+        result._mask = m
+        return result
+
+def min(obj, axis=None, out=None, fill_value=None, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+    kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+    try:
+        return obj.min(axis=axis, fill_value=fill_value, out=out, **kwargs)
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+        # If obj doesn't have a min method, or if the method doesn't accept a
+        # fill_value argument
+        return asanyarray(obj).min(axis=axis, fill_value=fill_value,
+                                   out=out, **kwargs)
+min.__doc__ = MaskedArray.min.__doc__
+
+def max(obj, axis=None, out=None, fill_value=None, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+    kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+    try:
+        return obj.max(axis=axis, fill_value=fill_value, out=out, **kwargs)
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+        # If obj doesn't have a max method, or if the method doesn't accept a
+        # fill_value argument
+        return asanyarray(obj).max(axis=axis, fill_value=fill_value,
+                                   out=out, **kwargs)
+max.__doc__ = MaskedArray.max.__doc__
+
+
+def ptp(obj, axis=None, out=None, fill_value=None, keepdims=np._NoValue):
+    kwargs = {} if keepdims is np._NoValue else {'keepdims': keepdims}
+    try:
+        return obj.ptp(axis, out=out, fill_value=fill_value, **kwargs)
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+        # If obj doesn't have a ptp method or if the method doesn't accept
+        # a fill_value argument
+        return asanyarray(obj).ptp(axis=axis, fill_value=fill_value,
+                                   out=out, **kwargs)
+ptp.__doc__ = MaskedArray.ptp.__doc__
+
+
+##############################################################################
+#           Definition of functions from the corresponding methods           #
+##############################################################################
+
+
+class _frommethod:
+    """
+    Define functions from existing MaskedArray methods.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    methodname : str
+        Name of the method to transform.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, methodname, reversed=False):
+        self.__name__ = methodname
+        self.__doc__ = self.getdoc()
+        self.reversed = reversed
+
+    def getdoc(self):
+        "Return the doc of the function (from the doc of the method)."
+        meth = getattr(MaskedArray, self.__name__, None) or\
+            getattr(np, self.__name__, None)
+        signature = self.__name__ + get_object_signature(meth)
+        if meth is not None:
+            doc = """    %s\n%s""" % (
+                signature, getattr(meth, '__doc__', None))
+            return doc
+
+    def __call__(self, a, *args, **params):
+        if self.reversed:
+            args = list(args)
+            a, args[0] = args[0], a
+
+        marr = asanyarray(a)
+        method_name = self.__name__
+        method = getattr(type(marr), method_name, None)
+        if method is None:
+            # use the corresponding np function
+            method = getattr(np, method_name)
+
+        return method(marr, *args, **params)
+
+
+all = _frommethod('all')
+anomalies = anom = _frommethod('anom')
+any = _frommethod('any')
+compress = _frommethod('compress', reversed=True)
+cumprod = _frommethod('cumprod')
+cumsum = _frommethod('cumsum')
+copy = _frommethod('copy')
+diagonal = _frommethod('diagonal')
+harden_mask = _frommethod('harden_mask')
+ids = _frommethod('ids')
+maximum = _extrema_operation(umath.maximum, greater, maximum_fill_value)
+mean = _frommethod('mean')
+minimum = _extrema_operation(umath.minimum, less, minimum_fill_value)
+nonzero = _frommethod('nonzero')
+prod = _frommethod('prod')
+product = _frommethod('prod')
+ravel = _frommethod('ravel')
+repeat = _frommethod('repeat')
+shrink_mask = _frommethod('shrink_mask')
+soften_mask = _frommethod('soften_mask')
+std = _frommethod('std')
+sum = _frommethod('sum')
+swapaxes = _frommethod('swapaxes')
+#take = _frommethod('take')
+trace = _frommethod('trace')
+var = _frommethod('var')
+
+count = _frommethod('count')
+
+def take(a, indices, axis=None, out=None, mode='raise'):
+    """
+    """
+    a = masked_array(a)
+    return a.take(indices, axis=axis, out=out, mode=mode)
+
+
+def power(a, b, third=None):
+    """
+    Returns element-wise base array raised to power from second array.
+
+    This is the masked array version of `numpy.power`. For details see
+    `numpy.power`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.power
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The *out* argument to `numpy.power` is not supported, `third` has to be
+    None.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> x = [11.2, -3.973, 0.801, -1.41]
+    >>> mask = [0, 0, 0, 1]
+    >>> masked_x = ma.masked_array(x, mask)
+    >>> masked_x
+    masked_array(data=[11.2, -3.973, 0.801, --],
+             mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+       fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> ma.power(masked_x, 2)
+    masked_array(data=[125.43999999999998, 15.784728999999999,
+                   0.6416010000000001, --],
+             mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+       fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> y = [-0.5, 2, 0, 17]
+    >>> masked_y = ma.masked_array(y, mask)
+    >>> masked_y
+    masked_array(data=[-0.5, 2.0, 0.0, --],
+             mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+       fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> ma.power(masked_x, masked_y)
+    masked_array(data=[0.29880715233359845, 15.784728999999999, 1.0, --],
+             mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+       fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    """
+    if third is not None:
+        raise MaskError("3-argument power not supported.")
+    # Get the masks
+    ma = getmask(a)
+    mb = getmask(b)
+    m = mask_or(ma, mb)
+    # Get the rawdata
+    fa = getdata(a)
+    fb = getdata(b)
+    # Get the type of the result (so that we preserve subclasses)
+    if isinstance(a, MaskedArray):
+        basetype = type(a)
+    else:
+        basetype = MaskedArray
+    # Get the result and view it as a (subclass of) MaskedArray
+    with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+        result = np.where(m, fa, umath.power(fa, fb)).view(basetype)
+    result._update_from(a)
+    # Find where we're in trouble w/ NaNs and Infs
+    invalid = np.logical_not(np.isfinite(result.view(ndarray)))
+    # Add the initial mask
+    if m is not nomask:
+        if not result.ndim:
+            return masked
+        result._mask = np.logical_or(m, invalid)
+    # Fix the invalid parts
+    if invalid.any():
+        if not result.ndim:
+            return masked
+        elif result._mask is nomask:
+            result._mask = invalid
+        result._data[invalid] = result.fill_value
+    return result
+
+argmin = _frommethod('argmin')
+argmax = _frommethod('argmax')
+
+def argsort(a, axis=np._NoValue, kind=None, order=None, endwith=True, fill_value=None):
+    "Function version of the eponymous method."
+    a = np.asanyarray(a)
+
+    # 2017-04-11, Numpy 1.13.0, gh-8701: warn on axis default
+    if axis is np._NoValue:
+        axis = _deprecate_argsort_axis(a)
+
+    if isinstance(a, MaskedArray):
+        return a.argsort(axis=axis, kind=kind, order=order,
+                         endwith=endwith, fill_value=fill_value)
+    else:
+        return a.argsort(axis=axis, kind=kind, order=order)
+argsort.__doc__ = MaskedArray.argsort.__doc__
+
+def sort(a, axis=-1, kind=None, order=None, endwith=True, fill_value=None):
+    """
+    Return a sorted copy of the masked array.
+
+    Equivalent to creating a copy of the array
+    and applying the  MaskedArray ``sort()`` method.
+
+    Refer to ``MaskedArray.sort`` for the full documentation
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    MaskedArray.sort : equivalent method
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> x = [11.2, -3.973, 0.801, -1.41]
+    >>> mask = [0, 0, 0, 1]
+    >>> masked_x = ma.masked_array(x, mask)
+    >>> masked_x
+    masked_array(data=[11.2, -3.973, 0.801, --],
+                 mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> ma.sort(masked_x)
+    masked_array(data=[-3.973, 0.801, 11.2, --],
+                 mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+    """
+    a = np.array(a, copy=True, subok=True)
+    if axis is None:
+        a = a.flatten()
+        axis = 0
+
+    if isinstance(a, MaskedArray):
+        a.sort(axis=axis, kind=kind, order=order,
+               endwith=endwith, fill_value=fill_value)
+    else:
+        a.sort(axis=axis, kind=kind, order=order)
+    return a
+
+
+def compressed(x):
+    """
+    Return all the non-masked data as a 1-D array.
+
+    This function is equivalent to calling the "compressed" method of a
+    `ma.MaskedArray`, see `ma.MaskedArray.compressed` for details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    ma.MaskedArray.compressed : Equivalent method.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    
+    Create an array with negative values masked:
+
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> x = np.array([[1, -1, 0], [2, -1, 3], [7, 4, -1]])
+    >>> masked_x = np.ma.masked_array(x, mask=x < 0)
+    >>> masked_x
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[1, --, 0],
+            [2, --, 3],
+            [7, 4, --]],
+      mask=[[False,  True, False],
+            [False,  True, False],
+            [False, False,  True]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+
+    Compress the masked array into a 1-D array of non-masked values:
+
+    >>> np.ma.compressed(masked_x)
+    array([1, 0, 2, 3, 7, 4])
+
+    """
+    return asanyarray(x).compressed()
+
+
+def concatenate(arrays, axis=0):
+    """
+    Concatenate a sequence of arrays along the given axis.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arrays : sequence of array_like
+        The arrays must have the same shape, except in the dimension
+        corresponding to `axis` (the first, by default).
+    axis : int, optional
+        The axis along which the arrays will be joined. Default is 0.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : MaskedArray
+        The concatenated array with any masked entries preserved.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.concatenate : Equivalent function in the top-level NumPy module.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = ma.arange(3)
+    >>> a[1] = ma.masked
+    >>> b = ma.arange(2, 5)
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(data=[0, --, 2],
+                 mask=[False,  True, False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+    >>> b
+    masked_array(data=[2, 3, 4],
+                 mask=False,
+           fill_value=999999)
+    >>> ma.concatenate([a, b])
+    masked_array(data=[0, --, 2, 2, 3, 4],
+                 mask=[False,  True, False, False, False, False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    d = np.concatenate([getdata(a) for a in arrays], axis)
+    rcls = get_masked_subclass(*arrays)
+    data = d.view(rcls)
+    # Check whether one of the arrays has a non-empty mask.
+    for x in arrays:
+        if getmask(x) is not nomask:
+            break
+    else:
+        return data
+    # OK, so we have to concatenate the masks
+    dm = np.concatenate([getmaskarray(a) for a in arrays], axis)
+    dm = dm.reshape(d.shape)
+
+    # If we decide to keep a '_shrinkmask' option, we want to check that
+    # all of them are True, and then check for dm.any()
+    data._mask = _shrink_mask(dm)
+    return data
+
+
+def diag(v, k=0):
+    """
+    Extract a diagonal or construct a diagonal array.
+
+    This function is the equivalent of `numpy.diag` that takes masked
+    values into account, see `numpy.diag` for details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.diag : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    Create an array with negative values masked:
+
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> x = np.array([[11.2, -3.973, 18], [0.801, -1.41, 12], [7, 33, -12]])
+    >>> masked_x = np.ma.masked_array(x, mask=x < 0)
+    >>> masked_x
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[11.2, --, 18.0],
+            [0.801, --, 12.0],
+            [7.0, 33.0, --]],
+      mask=[[False,  True, False],
+            [False,  True, False],
+            [False, False,  True]],
+      fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    Isolate the main diagonal from the masked array:
+
+    >>> np.ma.diag(masked_x)
+    masked_array(data=[11.2, --, --],
+                 mask=[False,  True,  True],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    Isolate the first diagonal below the main diagonal:
+
+    >>> np.ma.diag(masked_x, -1)
+    masked_array(data=[0.801, 33.0],
+                 mask=[False, False],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    """
+    output = np.diag(v, k).view(MaskedArray)
+    if getmask(v) is not nomask:
+        output._mask = np.diag(v._mask, k)
+    return output
+
+
+def left_shift(a, n):
+    """
+    Shift the bits of an integer to the left.
+
+    This is the masked array version of `numpy.left_shift`, for details
+    see that function.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.left_shift
+
+    """
+    m = getmask(a)
+    if m is nomask:
+        d = umath.left_shift(filled(a), n)
+        return masked_array(d)
+    else:
+        d = umath.left_shift(filled(a, 0), n)
+        return masked_array(d, mask=m)
+
+
+def right_shift(a, n):
+    """
+    Shift the bits of an integer to the right.
+
+    This is the masked array version of `numpy.right_shift`, for details
+    see that function.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.right_shift
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> x = [11, 3, 8, 1]
+    >>> mask = [0, 0, 0, 1]
+    >>> masked_x = ma.masked_array(x, mask)
+    >>> masked_x
+    masked_array(data=[11, 3, 8, --],
+                 mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+           fill_value=999999)
+    >>> ma.right_shift(masked_x,1)
+    masked_array(data=[5, 1, 4, --],
+                 mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    m = getmask(a)
+    if m is nomask:
+        d = umath.right_shift(filled(a), n)
+        return masked_array(d)
+    else:
+        d = umath.right_shift(filled(a, 0), n)
+        return masked_array(d, mask=m)
+
+
+def put(a, indices, values, mode='raise'):
+    """
+    Set storage-indexed locations to corresponding values.
+
+    This function is equivalent to `MaskedArray.put`, see that method
+    for details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    MaskedArray.put
+
+    """
+    # We can't use 'frommethod', the order of arguments is different
+    try:
+        return a.put(indices, values, mode=mode)
+    except AttributeError:
+        return narray(a, copy=False).put(indices, values, mode=mode)
+
+
+def putmask(a, mask, values):  # , mode='raise'):
+    """
+    Changes elements of an array based on conditional and input values.
+
+    This is the masked array version of `numpy.putmask`, for details see
+    `numpy.putmask`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.putmask
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Using a masked array as `values` will **not** transform a `ndarray` into
+    a `MaskedArray`.
+
+    """
+    # We can't use 'frommethod', the order of arguments is different
+    if not isinstance(a, MaskedArray):
+        a = a.view(MaskedArray)
+    (valdata, valmask) = (getdata(values), getmask(values))
+    if getmask(a) is nomask:
+        if valmask is not nomask:
+            a._sharedmask = True
+            a._mask = make_mask_none(a.shape, a.dtype)
+            np.copyto(a._mask, valmask, where=mask)
+    elif a._hardmask:
+        if valmask is not nomask:
+            m = a._mask.copy()
+            np.copyto(m, valmask, where=mask)
+            a.mask |= m
+    else:
+        if valmask is nomask:
+            valmask = getmaskarray(values)
+        np.copyto(a._mask, valmask, where=mask)
+    np.copyto(a._data, valdata, where=mask)
+    return
+
+
+def transpose(a, axes=None):
+    """
+    Permute the dimensions of an array.
+
+    This function is exactly equivalent to `numpy.transpose`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.transpose : Equivalent function in top-level NumPy module.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> x = ma.arange(4).reshape((2,2))
+    >>> x[1, 1] = ma.masked
+    >>> x
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, 1],
+            [2, --]],
+      mask=[[False, False],
+            [False,  True]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+
+    >>> ma.transpose(x)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, 2],
+            [1, --]],
+      mask=[[False, False],
+            [False,  True]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+    """
+    # We can't use 'frommethod', as 'transpose' doesn't take keywords
+    try:
+        return a.transpose(axes)
+    except AttributeError:
+        return narray(a, copy=False).transpose(axes).view(MaskedArray)
+
+
+def reshape(a, new_shape, order='C'):
+    """
+    Returns an array containing the same data with a new shape.
+
+    Refer to `MaskedArray.reshape` for full documentation.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    MaskedArray.reshape : equivalent function
+
+    """
+    # We can't use 'frommethod', it whine about some parameters. Dmmit.
+    try:
+        return a.reshape(new_shape, order=order)
+    except AttributeError:
+        _tmp = narray(a, copy=False).reshape(new_shape, order=order)
+        return _tmp.view(MaskedArray)
+
+
+def resize(x, new_shape):
+    """
+    Return a new masked array with the specified size and shape.
+
+    This is the masked equivalent of the `numpy.resize` function. The new
+    array is filled with repeated copies of `x` (in the order that the
+    data are stored in memory). If `x` is masked, the new array will be
+    masked, and the new mask will be a repetition of the old one.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.resize : Equivalent function in the top level NumPy module.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = ma.array([[1, 2] ,[3, 4]])
+    >>> a[0, 1] = ma.masked
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[1, --],
+            [3, 4]],
+      mask=[[False,  True],
+            [False, False]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+    >>> np.resize(a, (3, 3))
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[1, 2, 3],
+            [4, 1, 2],
+            [3, 4, 1]],
+      mask=False,
+      fill_value=999999)
+    >>> ma.resize(a, (3, 3))
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[1, --, 3],
+            [4, 1, --],
+            [3, 4, 1]],
+      mask=[[False,  True, False],
+            [False, False,  True],
+            [False, False, False]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+
+    A MaskedArray is always returned, regardless of the input type.
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 2] ,[3, 4]])
+    >>> ma.resize(a, (3, 3))
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[1, 2, 3],
+            [4, 1, 2],
+            [3, 4, 1]],
+      mask=False,
+      fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    # We can't use _frommethods here, as N.resize is notoriously whiny.
+    m = getmask(x)
+    if m is not nomask:
+        m = np.resize(m, new_shape)
+    result = np.resize(x, new_shape).view(get_masked_subclass(x))
+    if result.ndim:
+        result._mask = m
+    return result
+
+
+def ndim(obj):
+    """
+    maskedarray version of the numpy function.
+
+    """
+    return np.ndim(getdata(obj))
+
+ndim.__doc__ = np.ndim.__doc__
+
+
+def shape(obj):
+    "maskedarray version of the numpy function."
+    return np.shape(getdata(obj))
+shape.__doc__ = np.shape.__doc__
+
+
+def size(obj, axis=None):
+    "maskedarray version of the numpy function."
+    return np.size(getdata(obj), axis)
+size.__doc__ = np.size.__doc__
+
+
+def diff(a, /, n=1, axis=-1, prepend=np._NoValue, append=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Calculate the n-th discrete difference along the given axis.
+    The first difference is given by ``out[i] = a[i+1] - a[i]`` along
+    the given axis, higher differences are calculated by using `diff`
+    recursively.
+    Preserves the input mask.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array
+    n : int, optional
+        The number of times values are differenced. If zero, the input
+        is returned as-is.
+    axis : int, optional
+        The axis along which the difference is taken, default is the
+        last axis.
+    prepend, append : array_like, optional
+        Values to prepend or append to `a` along axis prior to
+        performing the difference.  Scalar values are expanded to
+        arrays with length 1 in the direction of axis and the shape
+        of the input array in along all other axes.  Otherwise the
+        dimension and shape must match `a` except along axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    diff : MaskedArray
+        The n-th differences. The shape of the output is the same as `a`
+        except along `axis` where the dimension is smaller by `n`. The
+        type of the output is the same as the type of the difference
+        between any two elements of `a`. This is the same as the type of
+        `a` in most cases. A notable exception is `datetime64`, which
+        results in a `timedelta64` output array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.diff : Equivalent function in the top-level NumPy module.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Type is preserved for boolean arrays, so the result will contain
+    `False` when consecutive elements are the same and `True` when they
+    differ.
+
+    For unsigned integer arrays, the results will also be unsigned. This
+    should not be surprising, as the result is consistent with
+    calculating the difference directly:
+
+    >>> u8_arr = np.array([1, 0], dtype=np.uint8)
+    >>> np.ma.diff(u8_arr)
+    masked_array(data=[255],
+                 mask=False,
+           fill_value=999999,
+                dtype=uint8)
+    >>> u8_arr[1,...] - u8_arr[0,...]
+    255
+
+    If this is not desirable, then the array should be cast to a larger
+    integer type first:
+
+    >>> i16_arr = u8_arr.astype(np.int16)
+    >>> np.ma.diff(i16_arr)
+    masked_array(data=[-1],
+                 mask=False,
+           fill_value=999999,
+                dtype=int16)
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 0, 2, 3])
+    >>> x = np.ma.masked_where(a < 2, a)
+    >>> np.ma.diff(x)
+    masked_array(data=[--, 1, 1, 3, --, --, 1],
+            mask=[ True, False, False, False,  True,  True, False],
+        fill_value=999999)
+
+    >>> np.ma.diff(x, n=2)
+    masked_array(data=[--, 0, 2, --, --, --],
+                mask=[ True, False, False,  True,  True,  True],
+        fill_value=999999)
+
+    >>> a = np.array([[1, 3, 1, 5, 10], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]])
+    >>> x = np.ma.masked_equal(a, value=1)
+    >>> np.ma.diff(x)
+    masked_array(
+        data=[[--, --, --, 5],
+                [--, --, 1, 2]],
+        mask=[[ True,  True,  True, False],
+                [ True,  True, False, False]],
+        fill_value=1)
+
+    >>> np.ma.diff(x, axis=0)
+    masked_array(data=[[--, --, --, 1, -2]],
+            mask=[[ True,  True,  True, False, False]],
+        fill_value=1)
+
+    """
+    if n == 0:
+        return a
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError("order must be non-negative but got " + repr(n))
+
+    a = np.ma.asanyarray(a)
+    if a.ndim == 0:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "diff requires input that is at least one dimensional"
+            )
+
+    combined = []
+    if prepend is not np._NoValue:
+        prepend = np.ma.asanyarray(prepend)
+        if prepend.ndim == 0:
+            shape = list(a.shape)
+            shape[axis] = 1
+            prepend = np.broadcast_to(prepend, tuple(shape))
+        combined.append(prepend)
+
+    combined.append(a)
+
+    if append is not np._NoValue:
+        append = np.ma.asanyarray(append)
+        if append.ndim == 0:
+            shape = list(a.shape)
+            shape[axis] = 1
+            append = np.broadcast_to(append, tuple(shape))
+        combined.append(append)
+
+    if len(combined) > 1:
+        a = np.ma.concatenate(combined, axis)
+
+    # GH 22465 np.diff without prepend/append preserves the mask
+    return np.diff(a, n, axis)
+
+
+##############################################################################
+#                            Extra functions                                 #
+##############################################################################
+
+
+def where(condition, x=_NoValue, y=_NoValue):
+    """
+    Return a masked array with elements from `x` or `y`, depending on condition.
+
+    .. note::
+        When only `condition` is provided, this function is identical to
+        `nonzero`. The rest of this documentation covers only the case where
+        all three arguments are provided.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    condition : array_like, bool
+        Where True, yield `x`, otherwise yield `y`.
+    x, y : array_like, optional
+        Values from which to choose. `x`, `y` and `condition` need to be
+        broadcastable to some shape.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : MaskedArray
+        An masked array with `masked` elements where the condition is masked,
+        elements from `x` where `condition` is True, and elements from `y`
+        elsewhere.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.where : Equivalent function in the top-level NumPy module.
+    nonzero : The function that is called when x and y are omitted
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.ma.array(np.arange(9.).reshape(3, 3), mask=[[0, 1, 0],
+    ...                                                    [1, 0, 1],
+    ...                                                    [0, 1, 0]])
+    >>> x
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0.0, --, 2.0],
+            [--, 4.0, --],
+            [6.0, --, 8.0]],
+      mask=[[False,  True, False],
+            [ True, False,  True],
+            [False,  True, False]],
+      fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> np.ma.where(x > 5, x, -3.1416)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[-3.1416, --, -3.1416],
+            [--, -3.1416, --],
+            [6.0, --, 8.0]],
+      mask=[[False,  True, False],
+            [ True, False,  True],
+            [False,  True, False]],
+      fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    """
+
+    # handle the single-argument case
+    missing = (x is _NoValue, y is _NoValue).count(True)
+    if missing == 1:
+        raise ValueError("Must provide both 'x' and 'y' or neither.")
+    if missing == 2:
+        return nonzero(condition)
+
+    # we only care if the condition is true - false or masked pick y
+    cf = filled(condition, False)
+    xd = getdata(x)
+    yd = getdata(y)
+
+    # we need the full arrays here for correct final dimensions
+    cm = getmaskarray(condition)
+    xm = getmaskarray(x)
+    ym = getmaskarray(y)
+
+    # deal with the fact that masked.dtype == float64, but we don't actually
+    # want to treat it as that.
+    if x is masked and y is not masked:
+        xd = np.zeros((), dtype=yd.dtype)
+        xm = np.ones((),  dtype=ym.dtype)
+    elif y is masked and x is not masked:
+        yd = np.zeros((), dtype=xd.dtype)
+        ym = np.ones((),  dtype=xm.dtype)
+
+    data = np.where(cf, xd, yd)
+    mask = np.where(cf, xm, ym)
+    mask = np.where(cm, np.ones((), dtype=mask.dtype), mask)
+
+    # collapse the mask, for backwards compatibility
+    mask = _shrink_mask(mask)
+
+    return masked_array(data, mask=mask)
+
+
+def choose(indices, choices, out=None, mode='raise'):
+    """
+    Use an index array to construct a new array from a list of choices.
+
+    Given an array of integers and a list of n choice arrays, this method
+    will create a new array that merges each of the choice arrays.  Where a
+    value in `index` is i, the new array will have the value that choices[i]
+    contains in the same place.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    indices : ndarray of ints
+        This array must contain integers in ``[0, n-1]``, where n is the
+        number of choices.
+    choices : sequence of arrays
+        Choice arrays. The index array and all of the choices should be
+        broadcastable to the same shape.
+    out : array, optional
+        If provided, the result will be inserted into this array. It should
+        be of the appropriate shape and `dtype`.
+    mode : {'raise', 'wrap', 'clip'}, optional
+        Specifies how out-of-bounds indices will behave.
+
+        * 'raise' : raise an error
+        * 'wrap' : wrap around
+        * 'clip' : clip to the range
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    merged_array : array
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    choose : equivalent function
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> choice = np.array([[1,1,1], [2,2,2], [3,3,3]])
+    >>> a = np.array([2, 1, 0])
+    >>> np.ma.choose(a, choice)
+    masked_array(data=[3, 2, 1],
+                 mask=False,
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    def fmask(x):
+        "Returns the filled array, or True if masked."
+        if x is masked:
+            return True
+        return filled(x)
+
+    def nmask(x):
+        "Returns the mask, True if ``masked``, False if ``nomask``."
+        if x is masked:
+            return True
+        return getmask(x)
+    # Get the indices.
+    c = filled(indices, 0)
+    # Get the masks.
+    masks = [nmask(x) for x in choices]
+    data = [fmask(x) for x in choices]
+    # Construct the mask
+    outputmask = np.choose(c, masks, mode=mode)
+    outputmask = make_mask(mask_or(outputmask, getmask(indices)),
+                           copy=False, shrink=True)
+    # Get the choices.
+    d = np.choose(c, data, mode=mode, out=out).view(MaskedArray)
+    if out is not None:
+        if isinstance(out, MaskedArray):
+            out.__setmask__(outputmask)
+        return out
+    d.__setmask__(outputmask)
+    return d
+
+
+def round_(a, decimals=0, out=None):
+    """
+    Return a copy of a, rounded to 'decimals' places.
+
+    When 'decimals' is negative, it specifies the number of positions
+    to the left of the decimal point.  The real and imaginary parts of
+    complex numbers are rounded separately. Nothing is done if the
+    array is not of float type and 'decimals' is greater than or equal
+    to 0.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    decimals : int
+        Number of decimals to round to. May be negative.
+    out : array_like
+        Existing array to use for output.
+        If not given, returns a default copy of a.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    If out is given and does not have a mask attribute, the mask of a
+    is lost!
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> x = [11.2, -3.973, 0.801, -1.41]
+    >>> mask = [0, 0, 0, 1]
+    >>> masked_x = ma.masked_array(x, mask)
+    >>> masked_x
+    masked_array(data=[11.2, -3.973, 0.801, --],
+                 mask=[False, False, False, True],
+        fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> ma.round_(masked_x)
+    masked_array(data=[11.0, -4.0, 1.0, --],
+                 mask=[False, False, False, True],
+        fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> ma.round(masked_x, decimals=1)
+    masked_array(data=[11.2, -4.0, 0.8, --],
+                 mask=[False, False, False, True],
+        fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> ma.round_(masked_x, decimals=-1)
+    masked_array(data=[10.0, -0.0, 0.0, --],
+                 mask=[False, False, False, True],
+        fill_value=1e+20)
+    """
+    if out is None:
+        return np.round_(a, decimals, out)
+    else:
+        np.round_(getdata(a), decimals, out)
+        if hasattr(out, '_mask'):
+            out._mask = getmask(a)
+        return out
+round = round_
+
+
+def _mask_propagate(a, axis):
+    """
+    Mask whole 1-d vectors of an array that contain masked values.
+    """
+    a = array(a, subok=False)
+    m = getmask(a)
+    if m is nomask or not m.any() or axis is None:
+        return a
+    a._mask = a._mask.copy()
+    axes = normalize_axis_tuple(axis, a.ndim)
+    for ax in axes:
+        a._mask |= m.any(axis=ax, keepdims=True)
+    return a
+
+
+# Include masked dot here to avoid import problems in getting it from
+# extras.py. Note that it is not included in __all__, but rather exported
+# from extras in order to avoid backward compatibility problems.
+def dot(a, b, strict=False, out=None):
+    """
+    Return the dot product of two arrays.
+
+    This function is the equivalent of `numpy.dot` that takes masked values
+    into account. Note that `strict` and `out` are in different position
+    than in the method version. In order to maintain compatibility with the
+    corresponding method, it is recommended that the optional arguments be
+    treated as keyword only.  At some point that may be mandatory.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a, b : masked_array_like
+        Inputs arrays.
+    strict : bool, optional
+        Whether masked data are propagated (True) or set to 0 (False) for
+        the computation. Default is False.  Propagating the mask means that
+        if a masked value appears in a row or column, the whole row or
+        column is considered masked.
+    out : masked_array, optional
+        Output argument. This must have the exact kind that would be returned
+        if it was not used. In particular, it must have the right type, must be
+        C-contiguous, and its dtype must be the dtype that would be returned
+        for `dot(a,b)`. This is a performance feature. Therefore, if these
+        conditions are not met, an exception is raised, instead of attempting
+        to be flexible.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.10.2
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.dot : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.ma.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], mask=[[1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]])
+    >>> b = np.ma.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]], mask=[[1, 0], [0, 0], [0, 0]])
+    >>> np.ma.dot(a, b)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[21, 26],
+            [45, 64]],
+      mask=[[False, False],
+            [False, False]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+    >>> np.ma.dot(a, b, strict=True)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[--, --],
+            [--, 64]],
+      mask=[[ True,  True],
+            [ True, False]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    if strict is True:
+        if np.ndim(a) == 0 or np.ndim(b) == 0:
+            pass
+        elif b.ndim == 1:
+            a = _mask_propagate(a, a.ndim - 1)
+            b = _mask_propagate(b, b.ndim - 1)
+        else:
+            a = _mask_propagate(a, a.ndim - 1)
+            b = _mask_propagate(b, b.ndim - 2)
+    am = ~getmaskarray(a)
+    bm = ~getmaskarray(b)
+
+    if out is None:
+        d = np.dot(filled(a, 0), filled(b, 0))
+        m = ~np.dot(am, bm)
+        if np.ndim(d) == 0:
+            d = np.asarray(d)
+        r = d.view(get_masked_subclass(a, b))
+        r.__setmask__(m)
+        return r
+    else:
+        d = np.dot(filled(a, 0), filled(b, 0), out._data)
+        if out.mask.shape != d.shape:
+            out._mask = np.empty(d.shape, MaskType)
+        np.dot(am, bm, out._mask)
+        np.logical_not(out._mask, out._mask)
+        return out
+
+
+def inner(a, b):
+    """
+    Returns the inner product of a and b for arrays of floating point types.
+
+    Like the generic NumPy equivalent the product sum is over the last dimension
+    of a and b. The first argument is not conjugated.
+
+    """
+    fa = filled(a, 0)
+    fb = filled(b, 0)
+    if fa.ndim == 0:
+        fa.shape = (1,)
+    if fb.ndim == 0:
+        fb.shape = (1,)
+    return np.inner(fa, fb).view(MaskedArray)
+inner.__doc__ = doc_note(np.inner.__doc__,
+                         "Masked values are replaced by 0.")
+innerproduct = inner
+
+
+def outer(a, b):
+    "maskedarray version of the numpy function."
+    fa = filled(a, 0).ravel()
+    fb = filled(b, 0).ravel()
+    d = np.outer(fa, fb)
+    ma = getmask(a)
+    mb = getmask(b)
+    if ma is nomask and mb is nomask:
+        return masked_array(d)
+    ma = getmaskarray(a)
+    mb = getmaskarray(b)
+    m = make_mask(1 - np.outer(1 - ma, 1 - mb), copy=False)
+    return masked_array(d, mask=m)
+outer.__doc__ = doc_note(np.outer.__doc__,
+                         "Masked values are replaced by 0.")
+outerproduct = outer
+
+
+def _convolve_or_correlate(f, a, v, mode, propagate_mask):
+    """
+    Helper function for ma.correlate and ma.convolve
+    """
+    if propagate_mask:
+        # results which are contributed to by either item in any pair being invalid
+        mask = (
+            f(getmaskarray(a), np.ones(np.shape(v), dtype=bool), mode=mode)
+          | f(np.ones(np.shape(a), dtype=bool), getmaskarray(v), mode=mode)
+        )
+        data = f(getdata(a), getdata(v), mode=mode)
+    else:
+        # results which are not contributed to by any pair of valid elements
+        mask = ~f(~getmaskarray(a), ~getmaskarray(v))
+        data = f(filled(a, 0), filled(v, 0), mode=mode)
+
+    return masked_array(data, mask=mask)
+
+
+def correlate(a, v, mode='valid', propagate_mask=True):
+    """
+    Cross-correlation of two 1-dimensional sequences.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a, v : array_like
+        Input sequences.
+    mode : {'valid', 'same', 'full'}, optional
+        Refer to the `np.convolve` docstring.  Note that the default
+        is 'valid', unlike `convolve`, which uses 'full'.
+    propagate_mask : bool
+        If True, then a result element is masked if any masked element contributes towards it.
+        If False, then a result element is only masked if no non-masked element
+        contribute towards it
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : MaskedArray
+        Discrete cross-correlation of `a` and `v`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.correlate : Equivalent function in the top-level NumPy module.
+    """
+    return _convolve_or_correlate(np.correlate, a, v, mode, propagate_mask)
+
+
+def convolve(a, v, mode='full', propagate_mask=True):
+    """
+    Returns the discrete, linear convolution of two one-dimensional sequences.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a, v : array_like
+        Input sequences.
+    mode : {'valid', 'same', 'full'}, optional
+        Refer to the `np.convolve` docstring.
+    propagate_mask : bool
+        If True, then if any masked element is included in the sum for a result
+        element, then the result is masked.
+        If False, then the result element is only masked if no non-masked cells
+        contribute towards it
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : MaskedArray
+        Discrete, linear convolution of `a` and `v`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.convolve : Equivalent function in the top-level NumPy module.
+    """
+    return _convolve_or_correlate(np.convolve, a, v, mode, propagate_mask)
+
+
+def allequal(a, b, fill_value=True):
+    """
+    Return True if all entries of a and b are equal, using
+    fill_value as a truth value where either or both are masked.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a, b : array_like
+        Input arrays to compare.
+    fill_value : bool, optional
+        Whether masked values in a or b are considered equal (True) or not
+        (False).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : bool
+        Returns True if the two arrays are equal within the given
+        tolerance, False otherwise. If either array contains NaN,
+        then False is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    all, any
+    numpy.ma.allclose
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.ma.array([1e10, 1e-7, 42.0], mask=[0, 0, 1])
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(data=[10000000000.0, 1e-07, --],
+                 mask=[False, False,  True],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    >>> b = np.array([1e10, 1e-7, -42.0])
+    >>> b
+    array([  1.00000000e+10,   1.00000000e-07,  -4.20000000e+01])
+    >>> np.ma.allequal(a, b, fill_value=False)
+    False
+    >>> np.ma.allequal(a, b)
+    True
+
+    """
+    m = mask_or(getmask(a), getmask(b))
+    if m is nomask:
+        x = getdata(a)
+        y = getdata(b)
+        d = umath.equal(x, y)
+        return d.all()
+    elif fill_value:
+        x = getdata(a)
+        y = getdata(b)
+        d = umath.equal(x, y)
+        dm = array(d, mask=m, copy=False)
+        return dm.filled(True).all(None)
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+def allclose(a, b, masked_equal=True, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-8):
+    """
+    Returns True if two arrays are element-wise equal within a tolerance.
+
+    This function is equivalent to `allclose` except that masked values
+    are treated as equal (default) or unequal, depending on the `masked_equal`
+    argument.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a, b : array_like
+        Input arrays to compare.
+    masked_equal : bool, optional
+        Whether masked values in `a` and `b` are considered equal (True) or not
+        (False). They are considered equal by default.
+    rtol : float, optional
+        Relative tolerance. The relative difference is equal to ``rtol * b``.
+        Default is 1e-5.
+    atol : float, optional
+        Absolute tolerance. The absolute difference is equal to `atol`.
+        Default is 1e-8.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : bool
+        Returns True if the two arrays are equal within the given
+        tolerance, False otherwise. If either array contains NaN, then
+        False is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    all, any
+    numpy.allclose : the non-masked `allclose`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    If the following equation is element-wise True, then `allclose` returns
+    True::
+
+      absolute(`a` - `b`) <= (`atol` + `rtol` * absolute(`b`))
+
+    Return True if all elements of `a` and `b` are equal subject to
+    given tolerances.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.ma.array([1e10, 1e-7, 42.0], mask=[0, 0, 1])
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(data=[10000000000.0, 1e-07, --],
+                 mask=[False, False,  True],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> b = np.ma.array([1e10, 1e-8, -42.0], mask=[0, 0, 1])
+    >>> np.ma.allclose(a, b)
+    False
+
+    >>> a = np.ma.array([1e10, 1e-8, 42.0], mask=[0, 0, 1])
+    >>> b = np.ma.array([1.00001e10, 1e-9, -42.0], mask=[0, 0, 1])
+    >>> np.ma.allclose(a, b)
+    True
+    >>> np.ma.allclose(a, b, masked_equal=False)
+    False
+
+    Masked values are not compared directly.
+
+    >>> a = np.ma.array([1e10, 1e-8, 42.0], mask=[0, 0, 1])
+    >>> b = np.ma.array([1.00001e10, 1e-9, 42.0], mask=[0, 0, 1])
+    >>> np.ma.allclose(a, b)
+    True
+    >>> np.ma.allclose(a, b, masked_equal=False)
+    False
+
+    """
+    x = masked_array(a, copy=False)
+    y = masked_array(b, copy=False)
+
+    # make sure y is an inexact type to avoid abs(MIN_INT); will cause
+    # casting of x later.
+    # NOTE: We explicitly allow timedelta, which used to work. This could
+    #       possibly be deprecated. See also gh-18286.
+    #       timedelta works if `atol` is an integer or also a timedelta.
+    #       Although, the default tolerances are unlikely to be useful
+    if y.dtype.kind != "m":
+        dtype = np.result_type(y, 1.)
+        if y.dtype != dtype:
+            y = masked_array(y, dtype=dtype, copy=False)
+
+    m = mask_or(getmask(x), getmask(y))
+    xinf = np.isinf(masked_array(x, copy=False, mask=m)).filled(False)
+    # If we have some infs, they should fall at the same place.
+    if not np.all(xinf == filled(np.isinf(y), False)):
+        return False
+    # No infs at all
+    if not np.any(xinf):
+        d = filled(less_equal(absolute(x - y), atol + rtol * absolute(y)),
+                   masked_equal)
+        return np.all(d)
+
+    if not np.all(filled(x[xinf] == y[xinf], masked_equal)):
+        return False
+    x = x[~xinf]
+    y = y[~xinf]
+
+    d = filled(less_equal(absolute(x - y), atol + rtol * absolute(y)),
+               masked_equal)
+
+    return np.all(d)
+
+
+def asarray(a, dtype=None, order=None):
+    """
+    Convert the input to a masked array of the given data-type.
+
+    No copy is performed if the input is already an `ndarray`. If `a` is
+    a subclass of `MaskedArray`, a base class `MaskedArray` is returned.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input data, in any form that can be converted to a masked array. This
+        includes lists, lists of tuples, tuples, tuples of tuples, tuples
+        of lists, ndarrays and masked arrays.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+        By default, the data-type is inferred from the input data.
+    order : {'C', 'F'}, optional
+        Whether to use row-major ('C') or column-major ('FORTRAN') memory
+        representation.  Default is 'C'.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : MaskedArray
+        Masked array interpretation of `a`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    asanyarray : Similar to `asarray`, but conserves subclasses.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.arange(10.).reshape(2, 5)
+    >>> x
+    array([[0., 1., 2., 3., 4.],
+           [5., 6., 7., 8., 9.]])
+    >>> np.ma.asarray(x)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0., 1., 2., 3., 4.],
+            [5., 6., 7., 8., 9.]],
+      mask=False,
+      fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> type(np.ma.asarray(x))
+    
+
+    """
+    order = order or 'C'
+    return masked_array(a, dtype=dtype, copy=False, keep_mask=True,
+                        subok=False, order=order)
+
+
+def asanyarray(a, dtype=None):
+    """
+    Convert the input to a masked array, conserving subclasses.
+
+    If `a` is a subclass of `MaskedArray`, its class is conserved.
+    No copy is performed if the input is already an `ndarray`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input data, in any form that can be converted to an array.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+        By default, the data-type is inferred from the input data.
+    order : {'C', 'F'}, optional
+        Whether to use row-major ('C') or column-major ('FORTRAN') memory
+        representation.  Default is 'C'.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : MaskedArray
+        MaskedArray interpretation of `a`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    asarray : Similar to `asanyarray`, but does not conserve subclass.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.arange(10.).reshape(2, 5)
+    >>> x
+    array([[0., 1., 2., 3., 4.],
+           [5., 6., 7., 8., 9.]])
+    >>> np.ma.asanyarray(x)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0., 1., 2., 3., 4.],
+            [5., 6., 7., 8., 9.]],
+      mask=False,
+      fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> type(np.ma.asanyarray(x))
+    
+
+    """
+    # workaround for #8666, to preserve identity. Ideally the bottom line
+    # would handle this for us.
+    if isinstance(a, MaskedArray) and (dtype is None or dtype == a.dtype):
+        return a
+    return masked_array(a, dtype=dtype, copy=False, keep_mask=True, subok=True)
+
+
+##############################################################################
+#                               Pickling                                     #
+##############################################################################
+
+
+def fromfile(file, dtype=float, count=-1, sep=''):
+    raise NotImplementedError(
+        "fromfile() not yet implemented for a MaskedArray.")
+
+
+def fromflex(fxarray):
+    """
+    Build a masked array from a suitable flexible-type array.
+
+    The input array has to have a data-type with ``_data`` and ``_mask``
+    fields. This type of array is output by `MaskedArray.toflex`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fxarray : ndarray
+        The structured input array, containing ``_data`` and ``_mask``
+        fields. If present, other fields are discarded.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    result : MaskedArray
+        The constructed masked array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    MaskedArray.toflex : Build a flexible-type array from a masked array.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.ma.array(np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3), mask=[0] + [1, 0] * 4)
+    >>> rec = x.toflex()
+    >>> rec
+    array([[(0, False), (1,  True), (2, False)],
+           [(3,  True), (4, False), (5,  True)],
+           [(6, False), (7,  True), (8, False)]],
+          dtype=[('_data', '>> x2 = np.ma.fromflex(rec)
+    >>> x2
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, --, 2],
+            [--, 4, --],
+            [6, --, 8]],
+      mask=[[False,  True, False],
+            [ True, False,  True],
+            [False,  True, False]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+
+    Extra fields can be present in the structured array but are discarded:
+
+    >>> dt = [('_data', '>> rec2 = np.zeros((2, 2), dtype=dt)
+    >>> rec2
+    array([[(0, False, 0.), (0, False, 0.)],
+           [(0, False, 0.), (0, False, 0.)]],
+          dtype=[('_data', '>> y = np.ma.fromflex(rec2)
+    >>> y
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, 0],
+            [0, 0]],
+      mask=[[False, False],
+            [False, False]],
+      fill_value=999999,
+      dtype=int32)
+
+    """
+    return masked_array(fxarray['_data'], mask=fxarray['_mask'])
+
+
+class _convert2ma:
+
+    """
+    Convert functions from numpy to numpy.ma.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+        _methodname : string
+            Name of the method to transform.
+
+    """
+    __doc__ = None
+
+    def __init__(self, funcname, np_ret, np_ma_ret, params=None):
+        self._func = getattr(np, funcname)
+        self.__doc__ = self.getdoc(np_ret, np_ma_ret)
+        self._extras = params or {}
+
+    def getdoc(self, np_ret, np_ma_ret):
+        "Return the doc of the function (from the doc of the method)."
+        doc = getattr(self._func, '__doc__', None)
+        sig = get_object_signature(self._func)
+        if doc:
+            doc = self._replace_return_type(doc, np_ret, np_ma_ret)
+            # Add the signature of the function at the beginning of the doc
+            if sig:
+                sig = "%s%s\n" % (self._func.__name__, sig)
+            doc = sig + doc
+        return doc
+
+    def _replace_return_type(self, doc, np_ret, np_ma_ret):
+        """
+        Replace documentation of ``np`` function's return type.
+
+        Replaces it with the proper type for the ``np.ma`` function.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        doc : str
+            The documentation of the ``np`` method.
+        np_ret : str
+            The return type string of the ``np`` method that we want to
+            replace. (e.g. "out : ndarray")
+        np_ma_ret : str
+            The return type string of the ``np.ma`` method.
+            (e.g. "out : MaskedArray")
+        """
+        if np_ret not in doc:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Failed to replace `{np_ret}` with `{np_ma_ret}`. "
+                f"The documentation string for return type, {np_ret}, is not "
+                f"found in the docstring for `np.{self._func.__name__}`. "
+                f"Fix the docstring for `np.{self._func.__name__}` or "
+                "update the expected string for return type."
+            )
+
+        return doc.replace(np_ret, np_ma_ret)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **params):
+        # Find the common parameters to the call and the definition
+        _extras = self._extras
+        common_params = set(params).intersection(_extras)
+        # Drop the common parameters from the call
+        for p in common_params:
+            _extras[p] = params.pop(p)
+        # Get the result
+        result = self._func.__call__(*args, **params).view(MaskedArray)
+        if "fill_value" in common_params:
+            result.fill_value = _extras.get("fill_value", None)
+        if "hardmask" in common_params:
+            result._hardmask = bool(_extras.get("hard_mask", False))
+        return result
+
+
+arange = _convert2ma(
+    'arange',
+    params=dict(fill_value=None, hardmask=False),
+    np_ret='arange : ndarray',
+    np_ma_ret='arange : MaskedArray',
+)
+clip = _convert2ma(
+    'clip',
+    params=dict(fill_value=None, hardmask=False),
+    np_ret='clipped_array : ndarray',
+    np_ma_ret='clipped_array : MaskedArray',
+)
+empty = _convert2ma(
+    'empty',
+    params=dict(fill_value=None, hardmask=False),
+    np_ret='out : ndarray',
+    np_ma_ret='out : MaskedArray',
+)
+empty_like = _convert2ma(
+    'empty_like',
+    np_ret='out : ndarray',
+    np_ma_ret='out : MaskedArray',
+)
+frombuffer = _convert2ma(
+    'frombuffer',
+    np_ret='out : ndarray',
+    np_ma_ret='out: MaskedArray',
+)
+fromfunction = _convert2ma(
+   'fromfunction',
+   np_ret='fromfunction : any',
+   np_ma_ret='fromfunction: MaskedArray',
+)
+identity = _convert2ma(
+    'identity',
+    params=dict(fill_value=None, hardmask=False),
+    np_ret='out : ndarray',
+    np_ma_ret='out : MaskedArray',
+)
+indices = _convert2ma(
+    'indices',
+    params=dict(fill_value=None, hardmask=False),
+    np_ret='grid : one ndarray or tuple of ndarrays',
+    np_ma_ret='grid : one MaskedArray or tuple of MaskedArrays',
+)
+ones = _convert2ma(
+    'ones',
+    params=dict(fill_value=None, hardmask=False),
+    np_ret='out : ndarray',
+    np_ma_ret='out : MaskedArray',
+)
+ones_like = _convert2ma(
+    'ones_like',
+    np_ret='out : ndarray',
+    np_ma_ret='out : MaskedArray',
+)
+squeeze = _convert2ma(
+    'squeeze',
+    params=dict(fill_value=None, hardmask=False),
+    np_ret='squeezed : ndarray',
+    np_ma_ret='squeezed : MaskedArray',
+)
+zeros = _convert2ma(
+    'zeros',
+    params=dict(fill_value=None, hardmask=False),
+    np_ret='out : ndarray',
+    np_ma_ret='out : MaskedArray',
+)
+zeros_like = _convert2ma(
+    'zeros_like',
+    np_ret='out : ndarray',
+    np_ma_ret='out : MaskedArray',
+)
+
+
+def append(a, b, axis=None):
+    """Append values to the end of an array.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Values are appended to a copy of this array.
+    b : array_like
+        These values are appended to a copy of `a`.  It must be of the
+        correct shape (the same shape as `a`, excluding `axis`).  If `axis`
+        is not specified, `b` can be any shape and will be flattened
+        before use.
+    axis : int, optional
+        The axis along which `v` are appended.  If `axis` is not given,
+        both `a` and `b` are flattened before use.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    append : MaskedArray
+        A copy of `a` with `b` appended to `axis`.  Note that `append`
+        does not occur in-place: a new array is allocated and filled.  If
+        `axis` is None, the result is a flattened array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.append : Equivalent function in the top-level NumPy module.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = ma.masked_values([1, 2, 3], 2)
+    >>> b = ma.masked_values([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]], 7)
+    >>> ma.append(a, b)
+    masked_array(data=[1, --, 3, 4, 5, 6, --, 8, 9],
+                 mask=[False,  True, False, False, False, False,  True, False,
+                       False],
+           fill_value=999999)
+    """
+    return concatenate([a, b], axis)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/core.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/core.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e94ebce3c31a00094f4a04953f1716f46c13d8d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/core.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+from numpy import ndarray, dtype, float64
+
+from numpy import (
+    amax as amax,
+    amin as amin,
+    bool_ as bool_,
+    expand_dims as expand_dims,
+    clip as clip,
+    indices as indices,
+    ones_like as ones_like,
+    squeeze as squeeze,
+    zeros_like as zeros_like,
+)
+
+from numpy.lib.function_base import (
+    angle as angle,
+)
+
+# TODO: Set the `bound` to something more suitable once we
+# have proper shape support
+_ShapeType = TypeVar("_ShapeType", bound=Any)
+_DType_co = TypeVar("_DType_co", bound=dtype[Any], covariant=True)
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+MaskType = bool_
+nomask: bool_
+
+class MaskedArrayFutureWarning(FutureWarning): ...
+class MAError(Exception): ...
+class MaskError(MAError): ...
+
+def default_fill_value(obj): ...
+def minimum_fill_value(obj): ...
+def maximum_fill_value(obj): ...
+def set_fill_value(a, fill_value): ...
+def common_fill_value(a, b): ...
+def filled(a, fill_value=...): ...
+def getdata(a, subok=...): ...
+get_data = getdata
+
+def fix_invalid(a, mask=..., copy=..., fill_value=...): ...
+
+class _MaskedUFunc:
+    f: Any
+    __doc__: Any
+    __name__: Any
+    def __init__(self, ufunc): ...
+
+class _MaskedUnaryOperation(_MaskedUFunc):
+    fill: Any
+    domain: Any
+    def __init__(self, mufunc, fill=..., domain=...): ...
+    def __call__(self, a, *args, **kwargs): ...
+
+class _MaskedBinaryOperation(_MaskedUFunc):
+    fillx: Any
+    filly: Any
+    def __init__(self, mbfunc, fillx=..., filly=...): ...
+    def __call__(self, a, b, *args, **kwargs): ...
+    def reduce(self, target, axis=..., dtype=...): ...
+    def outer(self, a, b): ...
+    def accumulate(self, target, axis=...): ...
+
+class _DomainedBinaryOperation(_MaskedUFunc):
+    domain: Any
+    fillx: Any
+    filly: Any
+    def __init__(self, dbfunc, domain, fillx=..., filly=...): ...
+    def __call__(self, a, b, *args, **kwargs): ...
+
+exp: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+conjugate: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+sin: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+cos: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+arctan: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+arcsinh: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+sinh: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+cosh: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+tanh: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+abs: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+absolute: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+fabs: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+negative: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+floor: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+ceil: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+around: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+logical_not: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+sqrt: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+log: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+log2: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+log10: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+tan: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+arcsin: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+arccos: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+arccosh: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+arctanh: _MaskedUnaryOperation
+
+add: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+subtract: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+multiply: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+arctan2: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+equal: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+not_equal: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+less_equal: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+greater_equal: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+less: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+greater: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+logical_and: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+alltrue: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+logical_or: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+sometrue: Callable[..., Any]
+logical_xor: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+bitwise_and: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+bitwise_or: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+bitwise_xor: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+hypot: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+divide: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+true_divide: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+floor_divide: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+remainder: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+fmod: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+mod: _MaskedBinaryOperation
+
+def make_mask_descr(ndtype): ...
+def getmask(a): ...
+get_mask = getmask
+
+def getmaskarray(arr): ...
+def is_mask(m): ...
+def make_mask(m, copy=..., shrink=..., dtype=...): ...
+def make_mask_none(newshape, dtype=...): ...
+def mask_or(m1, m2, copy=..., shrink=...): ...
+def flatten_mask(mask): ...
+def masked_where(condition, a, copy=...): ...
+def masked_greater(x, value, copy=...): ...
+def masked_greater_equal(x, value, copy=...): ...
+def masked_less(x, value, copy=...): ...
+def masked_less_equal(x, value, copy=...): ...
+def masked_not_equal(x, value, copy=...): ...
+def masked_equal(x, value, copy=...): ...
+def masked_inside(x, v1, v2, copy=...): ...
+def masked_outside(x, v1, v2, copy=...): ...
+def masked_object(x, value, copy=..., shrink=...): ...
+def masked_values(x, value, rtol=..., atol=..., copy=..., shrink=...): ...
+def masked_invalid(a, copy=...): ...
+
+class _MaskedPrintOption:
+    def __init__(self, display): ...
+    def display(self): ...
+    def set_display(self, s): ...
+    def enabled(self): ...
+    def enable(self, shrink=...): ...
+
+masked_print_option: _MaskedPrintOption
+
+def flatten_structured_array(a): ...
+
+class MaskedIterator:
+    ma: Any
+    dataiter: Any
+    maskiter: Any
+    def __init__(self, ma): ...
+    def __iter__(self): ...
+    def __getitem__(self, indx): ...
+    def __setitem__(self, index, value): ...
+    def __next__(self): ...
+
+class MaskedArray(ndarray[_ShapeType, _DType_co]):
+    __array_priority__: Any
+    def __new__(cls, data=..., mask=..., dtype=..., copy=..., subok=..., ndmin=..., fill_value=..., keep_mask=..., hard_mask=..., shrink=..., order=...): ...
+    def __array_finalize__(self, obj): ...
+    def __array_wrap__(self, obj, context=...): ...
+    def view(self, dtype=..., type=..., fill_value=...): ...
+    def __getitem__(self, indx): ...
+    def __setitem__(self, indx, value): ...
+    @property
+    def dtype(self): ...
+    @dtype.setter
+    def dtype(self, dtype): ...
+    @property
+    def shape(self): ...
+    @shape.setter
+    def shape(self, shape): ...
+    def __setmask__(self, mask, copy=...): ...
+    @property
+    def mask(self): ...
+    @mask.setter
+    def mask(self, value): ...
+    @property
+    def recordmask(self): ...
+    @recordmask.setter
+    def recordmask(self, mask): ...
+    def harden_mask(self): ...
+    def soften_mask(self): ...
+    @property
+    def hardmask(self): ...
+    def unshare_mask(self): ...
+    @property
+    def sharedmask(self): ...
+    def shrink_mask(self): ...
+    @property
+    def baseclass(self): ...
+    data: Any
+    @property
+    def flat(self): ...
+    @flat.setter
+    def flat(self, value): ...
+    @property
+    def fill_value(self): ...
+    @fill_value.setter
+    def fill_value(self, value=...): ...
+    get_fill_value: Any
+    set_fill_value: Any
+    def filled(self, fill_value=...): ...
+    def compressed(self): ...
+    def compress(self, condition, axis=..., out=...): ...
+    def __eq__(self, other): ...
+    def __ne__(self, other): ...
+    def __ge__(self, other): ...
+    def __gt__(self, other): ...
+    def __le__(self, other): ...
+    def __lt__(self, other): ...
+    def __add__(self, other): ...
+    def __radd__(self, other): ...
+    def __sub__(self, other): ...
+    def __rsub__(self, other): ...
+    def __mul__(self, other): ...
+    def __rmul__(self, other): ...
+    def __div__(self, other): ...
+    def __truediv__(self, other): ...
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other): ...
+    def __floordiv__(self, other): ...
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other): ...
+    def __pow__(self, other): ...
+    def __rpow__(self, other): ...
+    def __iadd__(self, other): ...
+    def __isub__(self, other): ...
+    def __imul__(self, other): ...
+    def __idiv__(self, other): ...
+    def __ifloordiv__(self, other): ...
+    def __itruediv__(self, other): ...
+    def __ipow__(self, other): ...
+    def __float__(self): ...
+    def __int__(self): ...
+    @property  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def imag(self): ...
+    get_imag: Any
+    @property  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def real(self): ...
+    get_real: Any
+    def count(self, axis=..., keepdims=...): ...
+    def ravel(self, order=...): ...
+    def reshape(self, *s, **kwargs): ...
+    def resize(self, newshape, refcheck=..., order=...): ...
+    def put(self, indices, values, mode=...): ...
+    def ids(self): ...
+    def iscontiguous(self): ...
+    def all(self, axis=..., out=..., keepdims=...): ...
+    def any(self, axis=..., out=..., keepdims=...): ...
+    def nonzero(self): ...
+    def trace(self, offset=..., axis1=..., axis2=..., dtype=..., out=...): ...
+    def dot(self, b, out=..., strict=...): ...
+    def sum(self, axis=..., dtype=..., out=..., keepdims=...): ...
+    def cumsum(self, axis=..., dtype=..., out=...): ...
+    def prod(self, axis=..., dtype=..., out=..., keepdims=...): ...
+    product: Any
+    def cumprod(self, axis=..., dtype=..., out=...): ...
+    def mean(self, axis=..., dtype=..., out=..., keepdims=...): ...
+    def anom(self, axis=..., dtype=...): ...
+    def var(self, axis=..., dtype=..., out=..., ddof=..., keepdims=...): ...
+    def std(self, axis=..., dtype=..., out=..., ddof=..., keepdims=...): ...
+    def round(self, decimals=..., out=...): ...
+    def argsort(self, axis=..., kind=..., order=..., endwith=..., fill_value=...): ...
+    def argmin(self, axis=..., fill_value=..., out=..., *, keepdims=...): ...
+    def argmax(self, axis=..., fill_value=..., out=..., *, keepdims=...): ...
+    def sort(self, axis=..., kind=..., order=..., endwith=..., fill_value=...): ...
+    def min(self, axis=..., out=..., fill_value=..., keepdims=...): ...
+    # NOTE: deprecated
+    # def tostring(self, fill_value=..., order=...): ...
+    def max(self, axis=..., out=..., fill_value=..., keepdims=...): ...
+    def ptp(self, axis=..., out=..., fill_value=..., keepdims=...): ...
+    def partition(self, *args, **kwargs): ...
+    def argpartition(self, *args, **kwargs): ...
+    def take(self, indices, axis=..., out=..., mode=...): ...
+    copy: Any
+    diagonal: Any
+    flatten: Any
+    repeat: Any
+    squeeze: Any
+    swapaxes: Any
+    T: Any
+    transpose: Any
+    def tolist(self, fill_value=...): ...
+    def tobytes(self, fill_value=..., order=...): ...
+    def tofile(self, fid, sep=..., format=...): ...
+    def toflex(self): ...
+    torecords: Any
+    def __reduce__(self): ...
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo=...): ...
+
+class mvoid(MaskedArray[_ShapeType, _DType_co]):
+    def __new__(
+        self,
+        data,
+        mask=...,
+        dtype=...,
+        fill_value=...,
+        hardmask=...,
+        copy=...,
+        subok=...,
+    ): ...
+    def __getitem__(self, indx): ...
+    def __setitem__(self, indx, value): ...
+    def __iter__(self): ...
+    def __len__(self): ...
+    def filled(self, fill_value=...): ...
+    def tolist(self): ...
+
+def isMaskedArray(x): ...
+isarray = isMaskedArray
+isMA = isMaskedArray
+
+# 0D float64 array
+class MaskedConstant(MaskedArray[Any, dtype[float64]]):
+    def __new__(cls): ...
+    __class__: Any
+    def __array_finalize__(self, obj): ...
+    def __array_prepare__(self, obj, context=...): ...
+    def __array_wrap__(self, obj, context=...): ...
+    def __format__(self, format_spec): ...
+    def __reduce__(self): ...
+    def __iop__(self, other): ...
+    __iadd__: Any
+    __isub__: Any
+    __imul__: Any
+    __ifloordiv__: Any
+    __itruediv__: Any
+    __ipow__: Any
+    def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): ...
+    def __copy__(self): ...
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo): ...
+    def __setattr__(self, attr, value): ...
+
+masked: MaskedConstant
+masked_singleton: MaskedConstant
+masked_array = MaskedArray
+
+def array(
+    data,
+    dtype=...,
+    copy=...,
+    order=...,
+    mask=...,
+    fill_value=...,
+    keep_mask=...,
+    hard_mask=...,
+    shrink=...,
+    subok=...,
+    ndmin=...,
+): ...
+def is_masked(x): ...
+
+class _extrema_operation(_MaskedUFunc):
+    compare: Any
+    fill_value_func: Any
+    def __init__(self, ufunc, compare, fill_value): ...
+    # NOTE: in practice `b` has a default value, but users should
+    # explicitly provide a value here as the default is deprecated
+    def __call__(self, a, b): ...
+    def reduce(self, target, axis=...): ...
+    def outer(self, a, b): ...
+
+def min(obj, axis=..., out=..., fill_value=..., keepdims=...): ...
+def max(obj, axis=..., out=..., fill_value=..., keepdims=...): ...
+def ptp(obj, axis=..., out=..., fill_value=..., keepdims=...): ...
+
+class _frommethod:
+    __name__: Any
+    __doc__: Any
+    reversed: Any
+    def __init__(self, methodname, reversed=...): ...
+    def getdoc(self): ...
+    def __call__(self, a, *args, **params): ...
+
+all: _frommethod
+anomalies: _frommethod
+anom: _frommethod
+any: _frommethod
+compress: _frommethod
+cumprod: _frommethod
+cumsum: _frommethod
+copy: _frommethod
+diagonal: _frommethod
+harden_mask: _frommethod
+ids: _frommethod
+mean: _frommethod
+nonzero: _frommethod
+prod: _frommethod
+product: _frommethod
+ravel: _frommethod
+repeat: _frommethod
+soften_mask: _frommethod
+std: _frommethod
+sum: _frommethod
+swapaxes: _frommethod
+trace: _frommethod
+var: _frommethod
+count: _frommethod
+argmin: _frommethod
+argmax: _frommethod
+
+minimum: _extrema_operation
+maximum: _extrema_operation
+
+def take(a, indices, axis=..., out=..., mode=...): ...
+def power(a, b, third=...): ...
+def argsort(a, axis=..., kind=..., order=..., endwith=..., fill_value=...): ...
+def sort(a, axis=..., kind=..., order=..., endwith=..., fill_value=...): ...
+def compressed(x): ...
+def concatenate(arrays, axis=...): ...
+def diag(v, k=...): ...
+def left_shift(a, n): ...
+def right_shift(a, n): ...
+def put(a, indices, values, mode=...): ...
+def putmask(a, mask, values): ...
+def transpose(a, axes=...): ...
+def reshape(a, new_shape, order=...): ...
+def resize(x, new_shape): ...
+def ndim(obj): ...
+def shape(obj): ...
+def size(obj, axis=...): ...
+def diff(a, /, n=..., axis=..., prepend=..., append=...): ...
+def where(condition, x=..., y=...): ...
+def choose(indices, choices, out=..., mode=...): ...
+def round(a, decimals=..., out=...): ...
+
+def inner(a, b): ...
+innerproduct = inner
+
+def outer(a, b): ...
+outerproduct = outer
+
+def correlate(a, v, mode=..., propagate_mask=...): ...
+def convolve(a, v, mode=..., propagate_mask=...): ...
+def allequal(a, b, fill_value=...): ...
+def allclose(a, b, masked_equal=..., rtol=..., atol=...): ...
+def asarray(a, dtype=..., order=...): ...
+def asanyarray(a, dtype=...): ...
+def fromflex(fxarray): ...
+
+class _convert2ma:
+    __doc__: Any
+    def __init__(self, funcname, params=...): ...
+    def getdoc(self): ...
+    def __call__(self, *args, **params): ...
+
+arange: _convert2ma
+empty: _convert2ma
+empty_like: _convert2ma
+frombuffer: _convert2ma
+fromfunction: _convert2ma
+identity: _convert2ma
+ones: _convert2ma
+zeros: _convert2ma
+
+def append(a, b, axis=...): ...
+def dot(a, b, strict=..., out=...): ...
+def mask_rowcols(a, axis=...): ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/extras.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/extras.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a6246c3666c8475be5b63261692e0718f2095e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/extras.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2133 @@
+"""
+Masked arrays add-ons.
+
+A collection of utilities for `numpy.ma`.
+
+:author: Pierre Gerard-Marchant
+:contact: pierregm_at_uga_dot_edu
+:version: $Id: extras.py 3473 2007-10-29 15:18:13Z jarrod.millman $
+
+"""
+__all__ = [
+    'apply_along_axis', 'apply_over_axes', 'atleast_1d', 'atleast_2d',
+    'atleast_3d', 'average', 'clump_masked', 'clump_unmasked', 'column_stack',
+    'compress_cols', 'compress_nd', 'compress_rowcols', 'compress_rows',
+    'count_masked', 'corrcoef', 'cov', 'diagflat', 'dot', 'dstack', 'ediff1d',
+    'flatnotmasked_contiguous', 'flatnotmasked_edges', 'hsplit', 'hstack',
+    'isin', 'in1d', 'intersect1d', 'mask_cols', 'mask_rowcols', 'mask_rows',
+    'masked_all', 'masked_all_like', 'median', 'mr_', 'ndenumerate',
+    'notmasked_contiguous', 'notmasked_edges', 'polyfit', 'row_stack',
+    'setdiff1d', 'setxor1d', 'stack', 'unique', 'union1d', 'vander', 'vstack',
+    ]
+
+import itertools
+import warnings
+
+from . import core as ma
+from .core import (
+    MaskedArray, MAError, add, array, asarray, concatenate, filled, count,
+    getmask, getmaskarray, make_mask_descr, masked, masked_array, mask_or,
+    nomask, ones, sort, zeros, getdata, get_masked_subclass, dot
+    )
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy import ndarray, array as nxarray
+from numpy.core.multiarray import normalize_axis_index
+from numpy.core.numeric import normalize_axis_tuple
+from numpy.lib.function_base import _ureduce
+from numpy.lib.index_tricks import AxisConcatenator
+
+
+def issequence(seq):
+    """
+    Is seq a sequence (ndarray, list or tuple)?
+
+    """
+    return isinstance(seq, (ndarray, tuple, list))
+
+
+def count_masked(arr, axis=None):
+    """
+    Count the number of masked elements along the given axis.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : array_like
+        An array with (possibly) masked elements.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which to count. If None (default), a flattened
+        version of the array is used.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    count : int, ndarray
+        The total number of masked elements (axis=None) or the number
+        of masked elements along each slice of the given axis.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    MaskedArray.count : Count non-masked elements.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.arange(9).reshape((3,3))
+    >>> a = ma.array(a)
+    >>> a[1, 0] = ma.masked
+    >>> a[1, 2] = ma.masked
+    >>> a[2, 1] = ma.masked
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, 1, 2],
+            [--, 4, --],
+            [6, --, 8]],
+      mask=[[False, False, False],
+            [ True, False,  True],
+            [False,  True, False]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+    >>> ma.count_masked(a)
+    3
+
+    When the `axis` keyword is used an array is returned.
+
+    >>> ma.count_masked(a, axis=0)
+    array([1, 1, 1])
+    >>> ma.count_masked(a, axis=1)
+    array([0, 2, 1])
+
+    """
+    m = getmaskarray(arr)
+    return m.sum(axis)
+
+
+def masked_all(shape, dtype=float):
+    """
+    Empty masked array with all elements masked.
+
+    Return an empty masked array of the given shape and dtype, where all the
+    data are masked.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    shape : int or tuple of ints
+        Shape of the required MaskedArray, e.g., ``(2, 3)`` or ``2``.
+    dtype : dtype, optional
+        Data type of the output.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    a : MaskedArray
+        A masked array with all data masked.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_all_like : Empty masked array modelled on an existing array.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> ma.masked_all((3, 3))
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[--, --, --],
+            [--, --, --],
+            [--, --, --]],
+      mask=[[ True,  True,  True],
+            [ True,  True,  True],
+            [ True,  True,  True]],
+      fill_value=1e+20,
+      dtype=float64)
+
+    The `dtype` parameter defines the underlying data type.
+
+    >>> a = ma.masked_all((3, 3))
+    >>> a.dtype
+    dtype('float64')
+    >>> a = ma.masked_all((3, 3), dtype=np.int32)
+    >>> a.dtype
+    dtype('int32')
+
+    """
+    a = masked_array(np.empty(shape, dtype),
+                     mask=np.ones(shape, make_mask_descr(dtype)))
+    return a
+
+
+def masked_all_like(arr):
+    """
+    Empty masked array with the properties of an existing array.
+
+    Return an empty masked array of the same shape and dtype as
+    the array `arr`, where all the data are masked.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arr : ndarray
+        An array describing the shape and dtype of the required MaskedArray.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    a : MaskedArray
+        A masked array with all data masked.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    AttributeError
+        If `arr` doesn't have a shape attribute (i.e. not an ndarray)
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    masked_all : Empty masked array with all elements masked.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> arr = np.zeros((2, 3), dtype=np.float32)
+    >>> arr
+    array([[0., 0., 0.],
+           [0., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)
+    >>> ma.masked_all_like(arr)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[--, --, --],
+            [--, --, --]],
+      mask=[[ True,  True,  True],
+            [ True,  True,  True]],
+      fill_value=1e+20,
+      dtype=float32)
+
+    The dtype of the masked array matches the dtype of `arr`.
+
+    >>> arr.dtype
+    dtype('float32')
+    >>> ma.masked_all_like(arr).dtype
+    dtype('float32')
+
+    """
+    a = np.empty_like(arr).view(MaskedArray)
+    a._mask = np.ones(a.shape, dtype=make_mask_descr(a.dtype))
+    return a
+
+
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#---- --- Standard functions ---
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class _fromnxfunction:
+    """
+    Defines a wrapper to adapt NumPy functions to masked arrays.
+
+
+    An instance of `_fromnxfunction` can be called with the same parameters
+    as the wrapped NumPy function. The docstring of `newfunc` is adapted from
+    the wrapped function as well, see `getdoc`.
+
+    This class should not be used directly. Instead, one of its extensions that
+    provides support for a specific type of input should be used.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    funcname : str
+        The name of the function to be adapted. The function should be
+        in the NumPy namespace (i.e. ``np.funcname``).
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, funcname):
+        self.__name__ = funcname
+        self.__doc__ = self.getdoc()
+
+    def getdoc(self):
+        """
+        Retrieve the docstring and signature from the function.
+
+        The ``__doc__`` attribute of the function is used as the docstring for
+        the new masked array version of the function. A note on application
+        of the function to the mask is appended.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        """
+        npfunc = getattr(np, self.__name__, None)
+        doc = getattr(npfunc, '__doc__', None)
+        if doc:
+            sig = self.__name__ + ma.get_object_signature(npfunc)
+            doc = ma.doc_note(doc, "The function is applied to both the _data "
+                                   "and the _mask, if any.")
+            return '\n\n'.join((sig, doc))
+        return
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **params):
+        pass
+
+
+class _fromnxfunction_single(_fromnxfunction):
+    """
+    A version of `_fromnxfunction` that is called with a single array
+    argument followed by auxiliary args that are passed verbatim for
+    both the data and mask calls.
+    """
+    def __call__(self, x, *args, **params):
+        func = getattr(np, self.__name__)
+        if isinstance(x, ndarray):
+            _d = func(x.__array__(), *args, **params)
+            _m = func(getmaskarray(x), *args, **params)
+            return masked_array(_d, mask=_m)
+        else:
+            _d = func(np.asarray(x), *args, **params)
+            _m = func(getmaskarray(x), *args, **params)
+            return masked_array(_d, mask=_m)
+
+
+class _fromnxfunction_seq(_fromnxfunction):
+    """
+    A version of `_fromnxfunction` that is called with a single sequence
+    of arrays followed by auxiliary args that are passed verbatim for
+    both the data and mask calls.
+    """
+    def __call__(self, x, *args, **params):
+        func = getattr(np, self.__name__)
+        _d = func(tuple([np.asarray(a) for a in x]), *args, **params)
+        _m = func(tuple([getmaskarray(a) for a in x]), *args, **params)
+        return masked_array(_d, mask=_m)
+
+
+class _fromnxfunction_args(_fromnxfunction):
+    """
+    A version of `_fromnxfunction` that is called with multiple array
+    arguments. The first non-array-like input marks the beginning of the
+    arguments that are passed verbatim for both the data and mask calls.
+    Array arguments are processed independently and the results are
+    returned in a list. If only one array is found, the return value is
+    just the processed array instead of a list.
+    """
+    def __call__(self, *args, **params):
+        func = getattr(np, self.__name__)
+        arrays = []
+        args = list(args)
+        while len(args) > 0 and issequence(args[0]):
+            arrays.append(args.pop(0))
+        res = []
+        for x in arrays:
+            _d = func(np.asarray(x), *args, **params)
+            _m = func(getmaskarray(x), *args, **params)
+            res.append(masked_array(_d, mask=_m))
+        if len(arrays) == 1:
+            return res[0]
+        return res
+
+
+class _fromnxfunction_allargs(_fromnxfunction):
+    """
+    A version of `_fromnxfunction` that is called with multiple array
+    arguments. Similar to `_fromnxfunction_args` except that all args
+    are converted to arrays even if they are not so already. This makes
+    it possible to process scalars as 1-D arrays. Only keyword arguments
+    are passed through verbatim for the data and mask calls. Arrays
+    arguments are processed independently and the results are returned
+    in a list. If only one arg is present, the return value is just the
+    processed array instead of a list.
+    """
+    def __call__(self, *args, **params):
+        func = getattr(np, self.__name__)
+        res = []
+        for x in args:
+            _d = func(np.asarray(x), **params)
+            _m = func(getmaskarray(x), **params)
+            res.append(masked_array(_d, mask=_m))
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            return res[0]
+        return res
+
+
+atleast_1d = _fromnxfunction_allargs('atleast_1d')
+atleast_2d = _fromnxfunction_allargs('atleast_2d')
+atleast_3d = _fromnxfunction_allargs('atleast_3d')
+
+vstack = row_stack = _fromnxfunction_seq('vstack')
+hstack = _fromnxfunction_seq('hstack')
+column_stack = _fromnxfunction_seq('column_stack')
+dstack = _fromnxfunction_seq('dstack')
+stack = _fromnxfunction_seq('stack')
+
+hsplit = _fromnxfunction_single('hsplit')
+
+diagflat = _fromnxfunction_single('diagflat')
+
+
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#----
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def flatten_inplace(seq):
+    """Flatten a sequence in place."""
+    k = 0
+    while (k != len(seq)):
+        while hasattr(seq[k], '__iter__'):
+            seq[k:(k + 1)] = seq[k]
+        k += 1
+    return seq
+
+
+def apply_along_axis(func1d, axis, arr, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    (This docstring should be overwritten)
+    """
+    arr = array(arr, copy=False, subok=True)
+    nd = arr.ndim
+    axis = normalize_axis_index(axis, nd)
+    ind = [0] * (nd - 1)
+    i = np.zeros(nd, 'O')
+    indlist = list(range(nd))
+    indlist.remove(axis)
+    i[axis] = slice(None, None)
+    outshape = np.asarray(arr.shape).take(indlist)
+    i.put(indlist, ind)
+    res = func1d(arr[tuple(i.tolist())], *args, **kwargs)
+    #  if res is a number, then we have a smaller output array
+    asscalar = np.isscalar(res)
+    if not asscalar:
+        try:
+            len(res)
+        except TypeError:
+            asscalar = True
+    # Note: we shouldn't set the dtype of the output from the first result
+    # so we force the type to object, and build a list of dtypes.  We'll
+    # just take the largest, to avoid some downcasting
+    dtypes = []
+    if asscalar:
+        dtypes.append(np.asarray(res).dtype)
+        outarr = zeros(outshape, object)
+        outarr[tuple(ind)] = res
+        Ntot = np.prod(outshape)
+        k = 1
+        while k < Ntot:
+            # increment the index
+            ind[-1] += 1
+            n = -1
+            while (ind[n] >= outshape[n]) and (n > (1 - nd)):
+                ind[n - 1] += 1
+                ind[n] = 0
+                n -= 1
+            i.put(indlist, ind)
+            res = func1d(arr[tuple(i.tolist())], *args, **kwargs)
+            outarr[tuple(ind)] = res
+            dtypes.append(asarray(res).dtype)
+            k += 1
+    else:
+        res = array(res, copy=False, subok=True)
+        j = i.copy()
+        j[axis] = ([slice(None, None)] * res.ndim)
+        j.put(indlist, ind)
+        Ntot = np.prod(outshape)
+        holdshape = outshape
+        outshape = list(arr.shape)
+        outshape[axis] = res.shape
+        dtypes.append(asarray(res).dtype)
+        outshape = flatten_inplace(outshape)
+        outarr = zeros(outshape, object)
+        outarr[tuple(flatten_inplace(j.tolist()))] = res
+        k = 1
+        while k < Ntot:
+            # increment the index
+            ind[-1] += 1
+            n = -1
+            while (ind[n] >= holdshape[n]) and (n > (1 - nd)):
+                ind[n - 1] += 1
+                ind[n] = 0
+                n -= 1
+            i.put(indlist, ind)
+            j.put(indlist, ind)
+            res = func1d(arr[tuple(i.tolist())], *args, **kwargs)
+            outarr[tuple(flatten_inplace(j.tolist()))] = res
+            dtypes.append(asarray(res).dtype)
+            k += 1
+    max_dtypes = np.dtype(np.asarray(dtypes).max())
+    if not hasattr(arr, '_mask'):
+        result = np.asarray(outarr, dtype=max_dtypes)
+    else:
+        result = asarray(outarr, dtype=max_dtypes)
+        result.fill_value = ma.default_fill_value(result)
+    return result
+apply_along_axis.__doc__ = np.apply_along_axis.__doc__
+
+
+def apply_over_axes(func, a, axes):
+    """
+    (This docstring will be overwritten)
+    """
+    val = asarray(a)
+    N = a.ndim
+    if array(axes).ndim == 0:
+        axes = (axes,)
+    for axis in axes:
+        if axis < 0:
+            axis = N + axis
+        args = (val, axis)
+        res = func(*args)
+        if res.ndim == val.ndim:
+            val = res
+        else:
+            res = ma.expand_dims(res, axis)
+            if res.ndim == val.ndim:
+                val = res
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("function is not returning "
+                        "an array of the correct shape")
+    return val
+
+
+if apply_over_axes.__doc__ is not None:
+    apply_over_axes.__doc__ = np.apply_over_axes.__doc__[
+        :np.apply_over_axes.__doc__.find('Notes')].rstrip() + \
+    """
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.ma.arange(24).reshape(2,3,4)
+    >>> a[:,0,1] = np.ma.masked
+    >>> a[:,1,:] = np.ma.masked
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[[0, --, 2, 3],
+             [--, --, --, --],
+             [8, 9, 10, 11]],
+            [[12, --, 14, 15],
+             [--, --, --, --],
+             [20, 21, 22, 23]]],
+      mask=[[[False,  True, False, False],
+             [ True,  True,  True,  True],
+             [False, False, False, False]],
+            [[False,  True, False, False],
+             [ True,  True,  True,  True],
+             [False, False, False, False]]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+    >>> np.ma.apply_over_axes(np.ma.sum, a, [0,2])
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[[46],
+             [--],
+             [124]]],
+      mask=[[[False],
+             [ True],
+             [False]]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+
+    Tuple axis arguments to ufuncs are equivalent:
+
+    >>> np.ma.sum(a, axis=(0,2)).reshape((1,-1,1))
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[[46],
+             [--],
+             [124]]],
+      mask=[[[False],
+             [ True],
+             [False]]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+    """
+
+
+def average(a, axis=None, weights=None, returned=False, *,
+            keepdims=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Return the weighted average of array over the given axis.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Data to be averaged.
+        Masked entries are not taken into account in the computation.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which to average `a`. If None, averaging is done over
+        the flattened array.
+    weights : array_like, optional
+        The importance that each element has in the computation of the average.
+        The weights array can either be 1-D (in which case its length must be
+        the size of `a` along the given axis) or of the same shape as `a`.
+        If ``weights=None``, then all data in `a` are assumed to have a
+        weight equal to one.  The 1-D calculation is::
+
+            avg = sum(a * weights) / sum(weights)
+
+        The only constraint on `weights` is that `sum(weights)` must not be 0.
+    returned : bool, optional
+        Flag indicating whether a tuple ``(result, sum of weights)``
+        should be returned as output (True), or just the result (False).
+        Default is False.
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the original `a`.
+        *Note:* `keepdims` will not work with instances of `numpy.matrix`
+        or other classes whose methods do not support `keepdims`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.23.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    average, [sum_of_weights] : (tuple of) scalar or MaskedArray
+        The average along the specified axis. When returned is `True`,
+        return a tuple with the average as the first element and the sum
+        of the weights as the second element. The return type is `np.float64`
+        if `a` is of integer type and floats smaller than `float64`, or the
+        input data-type, otherwise. If returned, `sum_of_weights` is always
+        `float64`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.ma.array([1., 2., 3., 4.], mask=[False, False, True, True])
+    >>> np.ma.average(a, weights=[3, 1, 0, 0])
+    1.25
+
+    >>> x = np.ma.arange(6.).reshape(3, 2)
+    >>> x
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0., 1.],
+            [2., 3.],
+            [4., 5.]],
+      mask=False,
+      fill_value=1e+20)
+    >>> avg, sumweights = np.ma.average(x, axis=0, weights=[1, 2, 3],
+    ...                                 returned=True)
+    >>> avg
+    masked_array(data=[2.6666666666666665, 3.6666666666666665],
+                 mask=[False, False],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    With ``keepdims=True``, the following result has shape (3, 1).
+
+    >>> np.ma.average(x, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0.5],
+            [2.5],
+            [4.5]],
+      mask=False,
+      fill_value=1e+20)
+    """
+    a = asarray(a)
+    m = getmask(a)
+
+    # inspired by 'average' in numpy/lib/function_base.py
+
+    if keepdims is np._NoValue:
+        # Don't pass on the keepdims argument if one wasn't given.
+        keepdims_kw = {}
+    else:
+        keepdims_kw = {'keepdims': keepdims}
+
+    if weights is None:
+        avg = a.mean(axis, **keepdims_kw)
+        scl = avg.dtype.type(a.count(axis))
+    else:
+        wgt = asarray(weights)
+
+        if issubclass(a.dtype.type, (np.integer, np.bool_)):
+            result_dtype = np.result_type(a.dtype, wgt.dtype, 'f8')
+        else:
+            result_dtype = np.result_type(a.dtype, wgt.dtype)
+
+        # Sanity checks
+        if a.shape != wgt.shape:
+            if axis is None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Axis must be specified when shapes of a and weights "
+                    "differ.")
+            if wgt.ndim != 1:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "1D weights expected when shapes of a and weights differ.")
+            if wgt.shape[0] != a.shape[axis]:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Length of weights not compatible with specified axis.")
+
+            # setup wgt to broadcast along axis
+            wgt = np.broadcast_to(wgt, (a.ndim-1)*(1,) + wgt.shape, subok=True)
+            wgt = wgt.swapaxes(-1, axis)
+
+        if m is not nomask:
+            wgt = wgt*(~a.mask)
+            wgt.mask |= a.mask
+
+        scl = wgt.sum(axis=axis, dtype=result_dtype, **keepdims_kw)
+        avg = np.multiply(a, wgt,
+                          dtype=result_dtype).sum(axis, **keepdims_kw) / scl
+
+    if returned:
+        if scl.shape != avg.shape:
+            scl = np.broadcast_to(scl, avg.shape).copy()
+        return avg, scl
+    else:
+        return avg
+
+
+def median(a, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=False, keepdims=False):
+    """
+    Compute the median along the specified axis.
+
+    Returns the median of the array elements.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input array or object that can be converted to an array.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which the medians are computed. The default (None) is
+        to compute the median along a flattened version of the array.
+    out : ndarray, optional
+        Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must
+        have the same shape and buffer length as the expected output
+        but the type will be cast if necessary.
+    overwrite_input : bool, optional
+        If True, then allow use of memory of input array (a) for
+        calculations. The input array will be modified by the call to
+        median. This will save memory when you do not need to preserve
+        the contents of the input array. Treat the input as undefined,
+        but it will probably be fully or partially sorted. Default is
+        False. Note that, if `overwrite_input` is True, and the input
+        is not already an `ndarray`, an error will be raised.
+    keepdims : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
+        in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
+        the result will broadcast correctly against the input array.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    median : ndarray
+        A new array holding the result is returned unless out is
+        specified, in which case a reference to out is returned.
+        Return data-type is `float64` for integers and floats smaller than
+        `float64`, or the input data-type, otherwise.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mean
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Given a vector ``V`` with ``N`` non masked values, the median of ``V``
+    is the middle value of a sorted copy of ``V`` (``Vs``) - i.e.
+    ``Vs[(N-1)/2]``, when ``N`` is odd, or ``{Vs[N/2 - 1] + Vs[N/2]}/2``
+    when ``N`` is even.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.ma.array(np.arange(8), mask=[0]*4 + [1]*4)
+    >>> np.ma.median(x)
+    1.5
+
+    >>> x = np.ma.array(np.arange(10).reshape(2, 5), mask=[0]*6 + [1]*4)
+    >>> np.ma.median(x)
+    2.5
+    >>> np.ma.median(x, axis=-1, overwrite_input=True)
+    masked_array(data=[2.0, 5.0],
+                 mask=[False, False],
+           fill_value=1e+20)
+
+    """
+    if not hasattr(a, 'mask'):
+        m = np.median(getdata(a, subok=True), axis=axis,
+                      out=out, overwrite_input=overwrite_input,
+                      keepdims=keepdims)
+        if isinstance(m, np.ndarray) and 1 <= m.ndim:
+            return masked_array(m, copy=False)
+        else:
+            return m
+
+    return _ureduce(a, func=_median, keepdims=keepdims, axis=axis, out=out,
+                    overwrite_input=overwrite_input)
+
+
+def _median(a, axis=None, out=None, overwrite_input=False):
+    # when an unmasked NaN is present return it, so we need to sort the NaN
+    # values behind the mask
+    if np.issubdtype(a.dtype, np.inexact):
+        fill_value = np.inf
+    else:
+        fill_value = None
+    if overwrite_input:
+        if axis is None:
+            asorted = a.ravel()
+            asorted.sort(fill_value=fill_value)
+        else:
+            a.sort(axis=axis, fill_value=fill_value)
+            asorted = a
+    else:
+        asorted = sort(a, axis=axis, fill_value=fill_value)
+
+    if axis is None:
+        axis = 0
+    else:
+        axis = normalize_axis_index(axis, asorted.ndim)
+
+    if asorted.shape[axis] == 0:
+        # for empty axis integer indices fail so use slicing to get same result
+        # as median (which is mean of empty slice = nan)
+        indexer = [slice(None)] * asorted.ndim
+        indexer[axis] = slice(0, 0)
+        indexer = tuple(indexer)
+        return np.ma.mean(asorted[indexer], axis=axis, out=out)
+
+    if asorted.ndim == 1:
+        idx, odd = divmod(count(asorted), 2)
+        mid = asorted[idx + odd - 1:idx + 1]
+        if np.issubdtype(asorted.dtype, np.inexact) and asorted.size > 0:
+            # avoid inf / x = masked
+            s = mid.sum(out=out)
+            if not odd:
+                s = np.true_divide(s, 2., casting='safe', out=out)
+            s = np.lib.utils._median_nancheck(asorted, s, axis)
+        else:
+            s = mid.mean(out=out)
+
+        # if result is masked either the input contained enough
+        # minimum_fill_value so that it would be the median or all values
+        # masked
+        if np.ma.is_masked(s) and not np.all(asorted.mask):
+            return np.ma.minimum_fill_value(asorted)
+        return s
+
+    counts = count(asorted, axis=axis, keepdims=True)
+    h = counts // 2
+
+    # duplicate high if odd number of elements so mean does nothing
+    odd = counts % 2 == 1
+    l = np.where(odd, h, h-1)
+
+    lh = np.concatenate([l,h], axis=axis)
+
+    # get low and high median
+    low_high = np.take_along_axis(asorted, lh, axis=axis)
+
+    def replace_masked(s):
+        # Replace masked entries with minimum_full_value unless it all values
+        # are masked. This is required as the sort order of values equal or
+        # larger than the fill value is undefined and a valid value placed
+        # elsewhere, e.g. [4, --, inf].
+        if np.ma.is_masked(s):
+            rep = (~np.all(asorted.mask, axis=axis, keepdims=True)) & s.mask
+            s.data[rep] = np.ma.minimum_fill_value(asorted)
+            s.mask[rep] = False
+
+    replace_masked(low_high)
+
+    if np.issubdtype(asorted.dtype, np.inexact):
+        # avoid inf / x = masked
+        s = np.ma.sum(low_high, axis=axis, out=out)
+        np.true_divide(s.data, 2., casting='unsafe', out=s.data)
+
+        s = np.lib.utils._median_nancheck(asorted, s, axis)
+    else:
+        s = np.ma.mean(low_high, axis=axis, out=out)
+
+    return s
+
+
+def compress_nd(x, axis=None):
+    """Suppress slices from multiple dimensions which contain masked values.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, MaskedArray
+        The array to operate on. If not a MaskedArray instance (or if no array
+        elements are masked), `x` is interpreted as a MaskedArray with `mask`
+        set to `nomask`.
+    axis : tuple of ints or int, optional
+        Which dimensions to suppress slices from can be configured with this
+        parameter.
+        - If axis is a tuple of ints, those are the axes to suppress slices from.
+        - If axis is an int, then that is the only axis to suppress slices from.
+        - If axis is None, all axis are selected.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    compress_array : ndarray
+        The compressed array.
+    """
+    x = asarray(x)
+    m = getmask(x)
+    # Set axis to tuple of ints
+    if axis is None:
+        axis = tuple(range(x.ndim))
+    else:
+        axis = normalize_axis_tuple(axis, x.ndim)
+
+    # Nothing is masked: return x
+    if m is nomask or not m.any():
+        return x._data
+    # All is masked: return empty
+    if m.all():
+        return nxarray([])
+    # Filter elements through boolean indexing
+    data = x._data
+    for ax in axis:
+        axes = tuple(list(range(ax)) + list(range(ax + 1, x.ndim)))
+        data = data[(slice(None),)*ax + (~m.any(axis=axes),)]
+    return data
+
+
+def compress_rowcols(x, axis=None):
+    """
+    Suppress the rows and/or columns of a 2-D array that contain
+    masked values.
+
+    The suppression behavior is selected with the `axis` parameter.
+
+    - If axis is None, both rows and columns are suppressed.
+    - If axis is 0, only rows are suppressed.
+    - If axis is 1 or -1, only columns are suppressed.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, MaskedArray
+        The array to operate on.  If not a MaskedArray instance (or if no array
+        elements are masked), `x` is interpreted as a MaskedArray with
+        `mask` set to `nomask`. Must be a 2D array.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which to perform the operation. Default is None.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    compressed_array : ndarray
+        The compressed array.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.ma.array(np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3), mask=[[1, 0, 0],
+    ...                                                   [1, 0, 0],
+    ...                                                   [0, 0, 0]])
+    >>> x
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[--, 1, 2],
+            [--, 4, 5],
+            [6, 7, 8]],
+      mask=[[ True, False, False],
+            [ True, False, False],
+            [False, False, False]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+
+    >>> np.ma.compress_rowcols(x)
+    array([[7, 8]])
+    >>> np.ma.compress_rowcols(x, 0)
+    array([[6, 7, 8]])
+    >>> np.ma.compress_rowcols(x, 1)
+    array([[1, 2],
+           [4, 5],
+           [7, 8]])
+
+    """
+    if asarray(x).ndim != 2:
+        raise NotImplementedError("compress_rowcols works for 2D arrays only.")
+    return compress_nd(x, axis=axis)
+
+
+def compress_rows(a):
+    """
+    Suppress whole rows of a 2-D array that contain masked values.
+
+    This is equivalent to ``np.ma.compress_rowcols(a, 0)``, see
+    `compress_rowcols` for details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    compress_rowcols
+
+    """
+    a = asarray(a)
+    if a.ndim != 2:
+        raise NotImplementedError("compress_rows works for 2D arrays only.")
+    return compress_rowcols(a, 0)
+
+
+def compress_cols(a):
+    """
+    Suppress whole columns of a 2-D array that contain masked values.
+
+    This is equivalent to ``np.ma.compress_rowcols(a, 1)``, see
+    `compress_rowcols` for details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    compress_rowcols
+
+    """
+    a = asarray(a)
+    if a.ndim != 2:
+        raise NotImplementedError("compress_cols works for 2D arrays only.")
+    return compress_rowcols(a, 1)
+
+
+def mask_rowcols(a, axis=None):
+    """
+    Mask rows and/or columns of a 2D array that contain masked values.
+
+    Mask whole rows and/or columns of a 2D array that contain
+    masked values.  The masking behavior is selected using the
+    `axis` parameter.
+
+      - If `axis` is None, rows *and* columns are masked.
+      - If `axis` is 0, only rows are masked.
+      - If `axis` is 1 or -1, only columns are masked.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like, MaskedArray
+        The array to mask.  If not a MaskedArray instance (or if no array
+        elements are masked), the result is a MaskedArray with `mask` set
+        to `nomask` (False). Must be a 2D array.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which to perform the operation. If None, applies to a
+        flattened version of the array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    a : MaskedArray
+        A modified version of the input array, masked depending on the value
+        of the `axis` parameter.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    NotImplementedError
+        If input array `a` is not 2D.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mask_rows : Mask rows of a 2D array that contain masked values.
+    mask_cols : Mask cols of a 2D array that contain masked values.
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The input array's mask is modified by this function.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=int)
+    >>> a[1, 1] = 1
+    >>> a
+    array([[0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 1, 0],
+           [0, 0, 0]])
+    >>> a = ma.masked_equal(a, 1)
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, 0, 0],
+            [0, --, 0],
+            [0, 0, 0]],
+      mask=[[False, False, False],
+            [False,  True, False],
+            [False, False, False]],
+      fill_value=1)
+    >>> ma.mask_rowcols(a)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, --, 0],
+            [--, --, --],
+            [0, --, 0]],
+      mask=[[False,  True, False],
+            [ True,  True,  True],
+            [False,  True, False]],
+      fill_value=1)
+
+    """
+    a = array(a, subok=False)
+    if a.ndim != 2:
+        raise NotImplementedError("mask_rowcols works for 2D arrays only.")
+    m = getmask(a)
+    # Nothing is masked: return a
+    if m is nomask or not m.any():
+        return a
+    maskedval = m.nonzero()
+    a._mask = a._mask.copy()
+    if not axis:
+        a[np.unique(maskedval[0])] = masked
+    if axis in [None, 1, -1]:
+        a[:, np.unique(maskedval[1])] = masked
+    return a
+
+
+def mask_rows(a, axis=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Mask rows of a 2D array that contain masked values.
+
+    This function is a shortcut to ``mask_rowcols`` with `axis` equal to 0.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mask_rowcols : Mask rows and/or columns of a 2D array.
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=int)
+    >>> a[1, 1] = 1
+    >>> a
+    array([[0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 1, 0],
+           [0, 0, 0]])
+    >>> a = ma.masked_equal(a, 1)
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, 0, 0],
+            [0, --, 0],
+            [0, 0, 0]],
+      mask=[[False, False, False],
+            [False,  True, False],
+            [False, False, False]],
+      fill_value=1)
+
+    >>> ma.mask_rows(a)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, 0, 0],
+            [--, --, --],
+            [0, 0, 0]],
+      mask=[[False, False, False],
+            [ True,  True,  True],
+            [False, False, False]],
+      fill_value=1)
+
+    """
+    if axis is not np._NoValue:
+        # remove the axis argument when this deprecation expires
+        # NumPy 1.18.0, 2019-11-28
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The axis argument has always been ignored, in future passing it "
+            "will raise TypeError", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    return mask_rowcols(a, 0)
+
+
+def mask_cols(a, axis=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Mask columns of a 2D array that contain masked values.
+
+    This function is a shortcut to ``mask_rowcols`` with `axis` equal to 1.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mask_rowcols : Mask rows and/or columns of a 2D array.
+    masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=int)
+    >>> a[1, 1] = 1
+    >>> a
+    array([[0, 0, 0],
+           [0, 1, 0],
+           [0, 0, 0]])
+    >>> a = ma.masked_equal(a, 1)
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, 0, 0],
+            [0, --, 0],
+            [0, 0, 0]],
+      mask=[[False, False, False],
+            [False,  True, False],
+            [False, False, False]],
+      fill_value=1)
+    >>> ma.mask_cols(a)
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, --, 0],
+            [0, --, 0],
+            [0, --, 0]],
+      mask=[[False,  True, False],
+            [False,  True, False],
+            [False,  True, False]],
+      fill_value=1)
+
+    """
+    if axis is not np._NoValue:
+        # remove the axis argument when this deprecation expires
+        # NumPy 1.18.0, 2019-11-28
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The axis argument has always been ignored, in future passing it "
+            "will raise TypeError", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    return mask_rowcols(a, 1)
+
+
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#---- --- arraysetops ---
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def ediff1d(arr, to_end=None, to_begin=None):
+    """
+    Compute the differences between consecutive elements of an array.
+
+    This function is the equivalent of `numpy.ediff1d` that takes masked
+    values into account, see `numpy.ediff1d` for details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.ediff1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
+
+    """
+    arr = ma.asanyarray(arr).flat
+    ed = arr[1:] - arr[:-1]
+    arrays = [ed]
+    #
+    if to_begin is not None:
+        arrays.insert(0, to_begin)
+    if to_end is not None:
+        arrays.append(to_end)
+    #
+    if len(arrays) != 1:
+        # We'll save ourselves a copy of a potentially large array in the common
+        # case where neither to_begin or to_end was given.
+        ed = hstack(arrays)
+    #
+    return ed
+
+
+def unique(ar1, return_index=False, return_inverse=False):
+    """
+    Finds the unique elements of an array.
+
+    Masked values are considered the same element (masked). The output array
+    is always a masked array. See `numpy.unique` for more details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.unique : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.ma as ma
+    >>> a = [1, 2, 1000, 2, 3]
+    >>> mask = [0, 0, 1, 0, 0]
+    >>> masked_a = ma.masked_array(a, mask)
+    >>> masked_a
+    masked_array(data=[1, 2, --, 2, 3],
+                mask=[False, False,  True, False, False],
+        fill_value=999999)
+    >>> ma.unique(masked_a)
+    masked_array(data=[1, 2, 3, --],
+                mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+        fill_value=999999)
+    >>> ma.unique(masked_a, return_index=True)
+    (masked_array(data=[1, 2, 3, --],
+                mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+        fill_value=999999), array([0, 1, 4, 2]))
+    >>> ma.unique(masked_a, return_inverse=True)
+    (masked_array(data=[1, 2, 3, --],
+                mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+        fill_value=999999), array([0, 1, 3, 1, 2]))
+    >>> ma.unique(masked_a, return_index=True, return_inverse=True)
+    (masked_array(data=[1, 2, 3, --],
+                mask=[False, False, False,  True],
+        fill_value=999999), array([0, 1, 4, 2]), array([0, 1, 3, 1, 2]))
+    """
+    output = np.unique(ar1,
+                       return_index=return_index,
+                       return_inverse=return_inverse)
+    if isinstance(output, tuple):
+        output = list(output)
+        output[0] = output[0].view(MaskedArray)
+        output = tuple(output)
+    else:
+        output = output.view(MaskedArray)
+    return output
+
+
+def intersect1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=False):
+    """
+    Returns the unique elements common to both arrays.
+
+    Masked values are considered equal one to the other.
+    The output is always a masked array.
+
+    See `numpy.intersect1d` for more details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.intersect1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.ma.array([1, 3, 3, 3], mask=[0, 0, 0, 1])
+    >>> y = np.ma.array([3, 1, 1, 1], mask=[0, 0, 0, 1])
+    >>> np.ma.intersect1d(x, y)
+    masked_array(data=[1, 3, --],
+                 mask=[False, False,  True],
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    if assume_unique:
+        aux = ma.concatenate((ar1, ar2))
+    else:
+        # Might be faster than unique( intersect1d( ar1, ar2 ) )?
+        aux = ma.concatenate((unique(ar1), unique(ar2)))
+    aux.sort()
+    return aux[:-1][aux[1:] == aux[:-1]]
+
+
+def setxor1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=False):
+    """
+    Set exclusive-or of 1-D arrays with unique elements.
+
+    The output is always a masked array. See `numpy.setxor1d` for more details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.setxor1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
+
+    """
+    if not assume_unique:
+        ar1 = unique(ar1)
+        ar2 = unique(ar2)
+
+    aux = ma.concatenate((ar1, ar2))
+    if aux.size == 0:
+        return aux
+    aux.sort()
+    auxf = aux.filled()
+#    flag = ediff1d( aux, to_end = 1, to_begin = 1 ) == 0
+    flag = ma.concatenate(([True], (auxf[1:] != auxf[:-1]), [True]))
+#    flag2 = ediff1d( flag ) == 0
+    flag2 = (flag[1:] == flag[:-1])
+    return aux[flag2]
+
+
+def in1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=False, invert=False):
+    """
+    Test whether each element of an array is also present in a second
+    array.
+
+    The output is always a masked array. See `numpy.in1d` for more details.
+
+    We recommend using :func:`isin` instead of `in1d` for new code.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    isin       : Version of this function that preserves the shape of ar1.
+    numpy.in1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    """
+    if not assume_unique:
+        ar1, rev_idx = unique(ar1, return_inverse=True)
+        ar2 = unique(ar2)
+
+    ar = ma.concatenate((ar1, ar2))
+    # We need this to be a stable sort, so always use 'mergesort'
+    # here. The values from the first array should always come before
+    # the values from the second array.
+    order = ar.argsort(kind='mergesort')
+    sar = ar[order]
+    if invert:
+        bool_ar = (sar[1:] != sar[:-1])
+    else:
+        bool_ar = (sar[1:] == sar[:-1])
+    flag = ma.concatenate((bool_ar, [invert]))
+    indx = order.argsort(kind='mergesort')[:len(ar1)]
+
+    if assume_unique:
+        return flag[indx]
+    else:
+        return flag[indx][rev_idx]
+
+
+def isin(element, test_elements, assume_unique=False, invert=False):
+    """
+    Calculates `element in test_elements`, broadcasting over
+    `element` only.
+
+    The output is always a masked array of the same shape as `element`.
+    See `numpy.isin` for more details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    in1d       : Flattened version of this function.
+    numpy.isin : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.13.0
+
+    """
+    element = ma.asarray(element)
+    return in1d(element, test_elements, assume_unique=assume_unique,
+                invert=invert).reshape(element.shape)
+
+
+def union1d(ar1, ar2):
+    """
+    Union of two arrays.
+
+    The output is always a masked array. See `numpy.union1d` for more details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.union1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
+
+    """
+    return unique(ma.concatenate((ar1, ar2), axis=None))
+
+
+def setdiff1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=False):
+    """
+    Set difference of 1D arrays with unique elements.
+
+    The output is always a masked array. See `numpy.setdiff1d` for more
+    details.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.setdiff1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.ma.array([1, 2, 3, 4], mask=[0, 1, 0, 1])
+    >>> np.ma.setdiff1d(x, [1, 2])
+    masked_array(data=[3, --],
+                 mask=[False,  True],
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    if assume_unique:
+        ar1 = ma.asarray(ar1).ravel()
+    else:
+        ar1 = unique(ar1)
+        ar2 = unique(ar2)
+    return ar1[in1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=True, invert=True)]
+
+
+###############################################################################
+#                                Covariance                                   #
+###############################################################################
+
+
+def _covhelper(x, y=None, rowvar=True, allow_masked=True):
+    """
+    Private function for the computation of covariance and correlation
+    coefficients.
+
+    """
+    x = ma.array(x, ndmin=2, copy=True, dtype=float)
+    xmask = ma.getmaskarray(x)
+    # Quick exit if we can't process masked data
+    if not allow_masked and xmask.any():
+        raise ValueError("Cannot process masked data.")
+    #
+    if x.shape[0] == 1:
+        rowvar = True
+    # Make sure that rowvar is either 0 or 1
+    rowvar = int(bool(rowvar))
+    axis = 1 - rowvar
+    if rowvar:
+        tup = (slice(None), None)
+    else:
+        tup = (None, slice(None))
+    #
+    if y is None:
+        xnotmask = np.logical_not(xmask).astype(int)
+    else:
+        y = array(y, copy=False, ndmin=2, dtype=float)
+        ymask = ma.getmaskarray(y)
+        if not allow_masked and ymask.any():
+            raise ValueError("Cannot process masked data.")
+        if xmask.any() or ymask.any():
+            if y.shape == x.shape:
+                # Define some common mask
+                common_mask = np.logical_or(xmask, ymask)
+                if common_mask is not nomask:
+                    xmask = x._mask = y._mask = ymask = common_mask
+                    x._sharedmask = False
+                    y._sharedmask = False
+        x = ma.concatenate((x, y), axis)
+        xnotmask = np.logical_not(np.concatenate((xmask, ymask), axis)).astype(int)
+    x -= x.mean(axis=rowvar)[tup]
+    return (x, xnotmask, rowvar)
+
+
+def cov(x, y=None, rowvar=True, bias=False, allow_masked=True, ddof=None):
+    """
+    Estimate the covariance matrix.
+
+    Except for the handling of missing data this function does the same as
+    `numpy.cov`. For more details and examples, see `numpy.cov`.
+
+    By default, masked values are recognized as such. If `x` and `y` have the
+    same shape, a common mask is allocated: if ``x[i,j]`` is masked, then
+    ``y[i,j]`` will also be masked.
+    Setting `allow_masked` to False will raise an exception if values are
+    missing in either of the input arrays.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        A 1-D or 2-D array containing multiple variables and observations.
+        Each row of `x` represents a variable, and each column a single
+        observation of all those variables. Also see `rowvar` below.
+    y : array_like, optional
+        An additional set of variables and observations. `y` has the same
+        shape as `x`.
+    rowvar : bool, optional
+        If `rowvar` is True (default), then each row represents a
+        variable, with observations in the columns. Otherwise, the relationship
+        is transposed: each column represents a variable, while the rows
+        contain observations.
+    bias : bool, optional
+        Default normalization (False) is by ``(N-1)``, where ``N`` is the
+        number of observations given (unbiased estimate). If `bias` is True,
+        then normalization is by ``N``. This keyword can be overridden by
+        the keyword ``ddof`` in numpy versions >= 1.5.
+    allow_masked : bool, optional
+        If True, masked values are propagated pair-wise: if a value is masked
+        in `x`, the corresponding value is masked in `y`.
+        If False, raises a `ValueError` exception when some values are missing.
+    ddof : {None, int}, optional
+        If not ``None`` normalization is by ``(N - ddof)``, where ``N`` is
+        the number of observations; this overrides the value implied by
+        ``bias``. The default value is ``None``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        Raised if some values are missing and `allow_masked` is False.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.cov
+
+    """
+    # Check inputs
+    if ddof is not None and ddof != int(ddof):
+        raise ValueError("ddof must be an integer")
+    # Set up ddof
+    if ddof is None:
+        if bias:
+            ddof = 0
+        else:
+            ddof = 1
+
+    (x, xnotmask, rowvar) = _covhelper(x, y, rowvar, allow_masked)
+    if not rowvar:
+        fact = np.dot(xnotmask.T, xnotmask) * 1. - ddof
+        result = (dot(x.T, x.conj(), strict=False) / fact).squeeze()
+    else:
+        fact = np.dot(xnotmask, xnotmask.T) * 1. - ddof
+        result = (dot(x, x.T.conj(), strict=False) / fact).squeeze()
+    return result
+
+
+def corrcoef(x, y=None, rowvar=True, bias=np._NoValue, allow_masked=True,
+             ddof=np._NoValue):
+    """
+    Return Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients.
+
+    Except for the handling of missing data this function does the same as
+    `numpy.corrcoef`. For more details and examples, see `numpy.corrcoef`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        A 1-D or 2-D array containing multiple variables and observations.
+        Each row of `x` represents a variable, and each column a single
+        observation of all those variables. Also see `rowvar` below.
+    y : array_like, optional
+        An additional set of variables and observations. `y` has the same
+        shape as `x`.
+    rowvar : bool, optional
+        If `rowvar` is True (default), then each row represents a
+        variable, with observations in the columns. Otherwise, the relationship
+        is transposed: each column represents a variable, while the rows
+        contain observations.
+    bias : _NoValue, optional
+        Has no effect, do not use.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.10.0
+    allow_masked : bool, optional
+        If True, masked values are propagated pair-wise: if a value is masked
+        in `x`, the corresponding value is masked in `y`.
+        If False, raises an exception.  Because `bias` is deprecated, this
+        argument needs to be treated as keyword only to avoid a warning.
+    ddof : _NoValue, optional
+        Has no effect, do not use.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.10.0
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.corrcoef : Equivalent function in top-level NumPy module.
+    cov : Estimate the covariance matrix.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This function accepts but discards arguments `bias` and `ddof`.  This is
+    for backwards compatibility with previous versions of this function.  These
+    arguments had no effect on the return values of the function and can be
+    safely ignored in this and previous versions of numpy.
+    """
+    msg = 'bias and ddof have no effect and are deprecated'
+    if bias is not np._NoValue or ddof is not np._NoValue:
+        # 2015-03-15, 1.10
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    # Get the data
+    (x, xnotmask, rowvar) = _covhelper(x, y, rowvar, allow_masked)
+    # Compute the covariance matrix
+    if not rowvar:
+        fact = np.dot(xnotmask.T, xnotmask) * 1.
+        c = (dot(x.T, x.conj(), strict=False) / fact).squeeze()
+    else:
+        fact = np.dot(xnotmask, xnotmask.T) * 1.
+        c = (dot(x, x.T.conj(), strict=False) / fact).squeeze()
+    # Check whether we have a scalar
+    try:
+        diag = ma.diagonal(c)
+    except ValueError:
+        return 1
+    #
+    if xnotmask.all():
+        _denom = ma.sqrt(ma.multiply.outer(diag, diag))
+    else:
+        _denom = diagflat(diag)
+        _denom._sharedmask = False  # We know return is always a copy
+        n = x.shape[1 - rowvar]
+        if rowvar:
+            for i in range(n - 1):
+                for j in range(i + 1, n):
+                    _x = mask_cols(vstack((x[i], x[j]))).var(axis=1)
+                    _denom[i, j] = _denom[j, i] = ma.sqrt(ma.multiply.reduce(_x))
+        else:
+            for i in range(n - 1):
+                for j in range(i + 1, n):
+                    _x = mask_cols(
+                            vstack((x[:, i], x[:, j]))).var(axis=1)
+                    _denom[i, j] = _denom[j, i] = ma.sqrt(ma.multiply.reduce(_x))
+    return c / _denom
+
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#---- --- Concatenation helpers ---
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MAxisConcatenator(AxisConcatenator):
+    """
+    Translate slice objects to concatenation along an axis.
+
+    For documentation on usage, see `mr_class`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mr_class
+
+    """
+    concatenate = staticmethod(concatenate)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def makemat(cls, arr):
+        # There used to be a view as np.matrix here, but we may eventually
+        # deprecate that class. In preparation, we use the unmasked version
+        # to construct the matrix (with copy=False for backwards compatibility
+        # with the .view)
+        data = super().makemat(arr.data, copy=False)
+        return array(data, mask=arr.mask)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        # matrix builder syntax, like 'a, b; c, d'
+        if isinstance(key, str):
+            raise MAError("Unavailable for masked array.")
+
+        return super().__getitem__(key)
+
+
+class mr_class(MAxisConcatenator):
+    """
+    Translate slice objects to concatenation along the first axis.
+
+    This is the masked array version of `lib.index_tricks.RClass`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lib.index_tricks.RClass
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.ma.mr_[np.ma.array([1,2,3]), 0, 0, np.ma.array([4,5,6])]
+    masked_array(data=[1, 2, 3, ..., 4, 5, 6],
+                 mask=False,
+           fill_value=999999)
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        MAxisConcatenator.__init__(self, 0)
+
+mr_ = mr_class()
+
+
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#---- Find unmasked data ---
+#####--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def ndenumerate(a, compressed=True):
+    """
+    Multidimensional index iterator.
+
+    Return an iterator yielding pairs of array coordinates and values,
+    skipping elements that are masked. With `compressed=False`,
+    `ma.masked` is yielded as the value of masked elements. This
+    behavior differs from that of `numpy.ndenumerate`, which yields the
+    value of the underlying data array.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.23.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        An array with (possibly) masked elements.
+    compressed : bool, optional
+        If True (default), masked elements are skipped.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.ndenumerate : Equivalent function ignoring any mask.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.ma.arange(9).reshape((3, 3))
+    >>> a[1, 0] = np.ma.masked
+    >>> a[1, 2] = np.ma.masked
+    >>> a[2, 1] = np.ma.masked
+    >>> a
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, 1, 2],
+            [--, 4, --],
+            [6, --, 8]],
+      mask=[[False, False, False],
+            [ True, False,  True],
+            [False,  True, False]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+    >>> for index, x in np.ma.ndenumerate(a):
+    ...     print(index, x)
+    (0, 0) 0
+    (0, 1) 1
+    (0, 2) 2
+    (1, 1) 4
+    (2, 0) 6
+    (2, 2) 8
+
+    >>> for index, x in np.ma.ndenumerate(a, compressed=False):
+    ...     print(index, x)
+    (0, 0) 0
+    (0, 1) 1
+    (0, 2) 2
+    (1, 0) --
+    (1, 1) 4
+    (1, 2) --
+    (2, 0) 6
+    (2, 1) --
+    (2, 2) 8
+    """
+    for it, mask in zip(np.ndenumerate(a), getmaskarray(a).flat):
+        if not mask:
+            yield it
+        elif not compressed:
+            yield it[0], masked
+
+
+def flatnotmasked_edges(a):
+    """
+    Find the indices of the first and last unmasked values.
+
+    Expects a 1-D `MaskedArray`, returns None if all values are masked.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input 1-D `MaskedArray`
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    edges : ndarray or None
+        The indices of first and last non-masked value in the array.
+        Returns None if all values are masked.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    flatnotmasked_contiguous, notmasked_contiguous, notmasked_edges
+    clump_masked, clump_unmasked
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Only accepts 1-D arrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.ma.arange(10)
+    >>> np.ma.flatnotmasked_edges(a)
+    array([0, 9])
+
+    >>> mask = (a < 3) | (a > 8) | (a == 5)
+    >>> a[mask] = np.ma.masked
+    >>> np.array(a[~a.mask])
+    array([3, 4, 6, 7, 8])
+
+    >>> np.ma.flatnotmasked_edges(a)
+    array([3, 8])
+
+    >>> a[:] = np.ma.masked
+    >>> print(np.ma.flatnotmasked_edges(a))
+    None
+
+    """
+    m = getmask(a)
+    if m is nomask or not np.any(m):
+        return np.array([0, a.size - 1])
+    unmasked = np.flatnonzero(~m)
+    if len(unmasked) > 0:
+        return unmasked[[0, -1]]
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def notmasked_edges(a, axis=None):
+    """
+    Find the indices of the first and last unmasked values along an axis.
+
+    If all values are masked, return None.  Otherwise, return a list
+    of two tuples, corresponding to the indices of the first and last
+    unmasked values respectively.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        The input array.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which to perform the operation.
+        If None (default), applies to a flattened version of the array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    edges : ndarray or list
+        An array of start and end indexes if there are any masked data in
+        the array. If there are no masked data in the array, `edges` is a
+        list of the first and last index.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    flatnotmasked_contiguous, flatnotmasked_edges, notmasked_contiguous
+    clump_masked, clump_unmasked
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.arange(9).reshape((3, 3))
+    >>> m = np.zeros_like(a)
+    >>> m[1:, 1:] = 1
+
+    >>> am = np.ma.array(a, mask=m)
+    >>> np.array(am[~am.mask])
+    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 6])
+
+    >>> np.ma.notmasked_edges(am)
+    array([0, 6])
+
+    """
+    a = asarray(a)
+    if axis is None or a.ndim == 1:
+        return flatnotmasked_edges(a)
+    m = getmaskarray(a)
+    idx = array(np.indices(a.shape), mask=np.asarray([m] * a.ndim))
+    return [tuple([idx[i].min(axis).compressed() for i in range(a.ndim)]),
+            tuple([idx[i].max(axis).compressed() for i in range(a.ndim)]), ]
+
+
+def flatnotmasked_contiguous(a):
+    """
+    Find contiguous unmasked data in a masked array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        The input array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    slice_list : list
+        A sorted sequence of `slice` objects (start index, end index).
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.15.0
+            Now returns an empty list instead of None for a fully masked array
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    flatnotmasked_edges, notmasked_contiguous, notmasked_edges
+    clump_masked, clump_unmasked
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Only accepts 2-D arrays at most.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.ma.arange(10)
+    >>> np.ma.flatnotmasked_contiguous(a)
+    [slice(0, 10, None)]
+
+    >>> mask = (a < 3) | (a > 8) | (a == 5)
+    >>> a[mask] = np.ma.masked
+    >>> np.array(a[~a.mask])
+    array([3, 4, 6, 7, 8])
+
+    >>> np.ma.flatnotmasked_contiguous(a)
+    [slice(3, 5, None), slice(6, 9, None)]
+    >>> a[:] = np.ma.masked
+    >>> np.ma.flatnotmasked_contiguous(a)
+    []
+
+    """
+    m = getmask(a)
+    if m is nomask:
+        return [slice(0, a.size)]
+    i = 0
+    result = []
+    for (k, g) in itertools.groupby(m.ravel()):
+        n = len(list(g))
+        if not k:
+            result.append(slice(i, i + n))
+        i += n
+    return result
+
+
+def notmasked_contiguous(a, axis=None):
+    """
+    Find contiguous unmasked data in a masked array along the given axis.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        The input array.
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis along which to perform the operation.
+        If None (default), applies to a flattened version of the array, and this
+        is the same as `flatnotmasked_contiguous`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    endpoints : list
+        A list of slices (start and end indexes) of unmasked indexes
+        in the array.
+
+        If the input is 2d and axis is specified, the result is a list of lists.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    flatnotmasked_edges, flatnotmasked_contiguous, notmasked_edges
+    clump_masked, clump_unmasked
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Only accepts 2-D arrays at most.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4))
+    >>> mask = np.zeros_like(a)
+    >>> mask[1:, :-1] = 1; mask[0, 1] = 1; mask[-1, 0] = 0
+    >>> ma = np.ma.array(a, mask=mask)
+    >>> ma
+    masked_array(
+      data=[[0, --, 2, 3],
+            [--, --, --, 7],
+            [8, --, --, 11]],
+      mask=[[False,  True, False, False],
+            [ True,  True,  True, False],
+            [False,  True,  True, False]],
+      fill_value=999999)
+    >>> np.array(ma[~ma.mask])
+    array([ 0,  2,  3,  7, 8, 11])
+
+    >>> np.ma.notmasked_contiguous(ma)
+    [slice(0, 1, None), slice(2, 4, None), slice(7, 9, None), slice(11, 12, None)]
+
+    >>> np.ma.notmasked_contiguous(ma, axis=0)
+    [[slice(0, 1, None), slice(2, 3, None)], [], [slice(0, 1, None)], [slice(0, 3, None)]]
+
+    >>> np.ma.notmasked_contiguous(ma, axis=1)
+    [[slice(0, 1, None), slice(2, 4, None)], [slice(3, 4, None)], [slice(0, 1, None), slice(3, 4, None)]]
+
+    """
+    a = asarray(a)
+    nd = a.ndim
+    if nd > 2:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Currently limited to at most 2D array.")
+    if axis is None or nd == 1:
+        return flatnotmasked_contiguous(a)
+    #
+    result = []
+    #
+    other = (axis + 1) % 2
+    idx = [0, 0]
+    idx[axis] = slice(None, None)
+    #
+    for i in range(a.shape[other]):
+        idx[other] = i
+        result.append(flatnotmasked_contiguous(a[tuple(idx)]))
+    return result
+
+
+def _ezclump(mask):
+    """
+    Finds the clumps (groups of data with the same values) for a 1D bool array.
+
+    Returns a series of slices.
+    """
+    if mask.ndim > 1:
+        mask = mask.ravel()
+    idx = (mask[1:] ^ mask[:-1]).nonzero()
+    idx = idx[0] + 1
+
+    if mask[0]:
+        if len(idx) == 0:
+            return [slice(0, mask.size)]
+
+        r = [slice(0, idx[0])]
+        r.extend((slice(left, right)
+                  for left, right in zip(idx[1:-1:2], idx[2::2])))
+    else:
+        if len(idx) == 0:
+            return []
+
+        r = [slice(left, right) for left, right in zip(idx[:-1:2], idx[1::2])]
+
+    if mask[-1]:
+        r.append(slice(idx[-1], mask.size))
+    return r
+
+
+def clump_unmasked(a):
+    """
+    Return list of slices corresponding to the unmasked clumps of a 1-D array.
+    (A "clump" is defined as a contiguous region of the array).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : ndarray
+        A one-dimensional masked array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    slices : list of slice
+        The list of slices, one for each continuous region of unmasked
+        elements in `a`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    flatnotmasked_edges, flatnotmasked_contiguous, notmasked_edges
+    notmasked_contiguous, clump_masked
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.ma.masked_array(np.arange(10))
+    >>> a[[0, 1, 2, 6, 8, 9]] = np.ma.masked
+    >>> np.ma.clump_unmasked(a)
+    [slice(3, 6, None), slice(7, 8, None)]
+
+    """
+    mask = getattr(a, '_mask', nomask)
+    if mask is nomask:
+        return [slice(0, a.size)]
+    return _ezclump(~mask)
+
+
+def clump_masked(a):
+    """
+    Returns a list of slices corresponding to the masked clumps of a 1-D array.
+    (A "clump" is defined as a contiguous region of the array).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : ndarray
+        A one-dimensional masked array.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    slices : list of slice
+        The list of slices, one for each continuous region of masked elements
+        in `a`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    flatnotmasked_edges, flatnotmasked_contiguous, notmasked_edges
+    notmasked_contiguous, clump_unmasked
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.ma.masked_array(np.arange(10))
+    >>> a[[0, 1, 2, 6, 8, 9]] = np.ma.masked
+    >>> np.ma.clump_masked(a)
+    [slice(0, 3, None), slice(6, 7, None), slice(8, 10, None)]
+
+    """
+    mask = ma.getmask(a)
+    if mask is nomask:
+        return []
+    return _ezclump(mask)
+
+
+###############################################################################
+#                              Polynomial fit                                 #
+###############################################################################
+
+
+def vander(x, n=None):
+    """
+    Masked values in the input array result in rows of zeros.
+
+    """
+    _vander = np.vander(x, n)
+    m = getmask(x)
+    if m is not nomask:
+        _vander[m] = 0
+    return _vander
+
+vander.__doc__ = ma.doc_note(np.vander.__doc__, vander.__doc__)
+
+
+def polyfit(x, y, deg, rcond=None, full=False, w=None, cov=False):
+    """
+    Any masked values in x is propagated in y, and vice-versa.
+
+    """
+    x = asarray(x)
+    y = asarray(y)
+
+    m = getmask(x)
+    if y.ndim == 1:
+        m = mask_or(m, getmask(y))
+    elif y.ndim == 2:
+        my = getmask(mask_rows(y))
+        if my is not nomask:
+            m = mask_or(m, my[:, 0])
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("Expected a 1D or 2D array for y!")
+
+    if w is not None:
+        w = asarray(w)
+        if w.ndim != 1:
+            raise TypeError("expected a 1-d array for weights")
+        if w.shape[0] != y.shape[0]:
+            raise TypeError("expected w and y to have the same length")
+        m = mask_or(m, getmask(w))
+
+    if m is not nomask:
+        not_m = ~m
+        if w is not None:
+            w = w[not_m]
+        return np.polyfit(x[not_m], y[not_m], deg, rcond, full, w, cov)
+    else:
+        return np.polyfit(x, y, deg, rcond, full, w, cov)
+
+polyfit.__doc__ = ma.doc_note(np.polyfit.__doc__, polyfit.__doc__)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/extras.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/extras.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56228b927080a3963159206a9afc830d6d7335cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/extras.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+from typing import Any
+from numpy.lib.index_tricks import AxisConcatenator
+
+from numpy.ma.core import (
+    dot as dot,
+    mask_rowcols as mask_rowcols,
+)
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+def count_masked(arr, axis=...): ...
+def masked_all(shape, dtype = ...): ...
+def masked_all_like(arr): ...
+
+class _fromnxfunction:
+    __name__: Any
+    __doc__: Any
+    def __init__(self, funcname): ...
+    def getdoc(self): ...
+    def __call__(self, *args, **params): ...
+
+class _fromnxfunction_single(_fromnxfunction):
+    def __call__(self, x, *args, **params): ...
+
+class _fromnxfunction_seq(_fromnxfunction):
+    def __call__(self, x, *args, **params): ...
+
+class _fromnxfunction_allargs(_fromnxfunction):
+    def __call__(self, *args, **params): ...
+
+atleast_1d: _fromnxfunction_allargs
+atleast_2d: _fromnxfunction_allargs
+atleast_3d: _fromnxfunction_allargs
+
+vstack: _fromnxfunction_seq
+row_stack: _fromnxfunction_seq
+hstack: _fromnxfunction_seq
+column_stack: _fromnxfunction_seq
+dstack: _fromnxfunction_seq
+stack: _fromnxfunction_seq
+
+hsplit: _fromnxfunction_single
+diagflat: _fromnxfunction_single
+
+def apply_along_axis(func1d, axis, arr, *args, **kwargs): ...
+def apply_over_axes(func, a, axes): ...
+def average(a, axis=..., weights=..., returned=..., keepdims=...): ...
+def median(a, axis=..., out=..., overwrite_input=..., keepdims=...): ...
+def compress_nd(x, axis=...): ...
+def compress_rowcols(x, axis=...): ...
+def compress_rows(a): ...
+def compress_cols(a): ...
+def mask_rows(a, axis = ...): ...
+def mask_cols(a, axis = ...): ...
+def ediff1d(arr, to_end=..., to_begin=...): ...
+def unique(ar1, return_index=..., return_inverse=...): ...
+def intersect1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=...): ...
+def setxor1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=...): ...
+def in1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=..., invert=...): ...
+def isin(element, test_elements, assume_unique=..., invert=...): ...
+def union1d(ar1, ar2): ...
+def setdiff1d(ar1, ar2, assume_unique=...): ...
+def cov(x, y=..., rowvar=..., bias=..., allow_masked=..., ddof=...): ...
+def corrcoef(x, y=..., rowvar=..., bias = ..., allow_masked=..., ddof = ...): ...
+
+class MAxisConcatenator(AxisConcatenator):
+    concatenate: Any
+    @classmethod
+    def makemat(cls, arr): ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key): ...
+
+class mr_class(MAxisConcatenator):
+    def __init__(self): ...
+
+mr_: mr_class
+
+def ndenumerate(a, compressed=...): ...
+def flatnotmasked_edges(a): ...
+def notmasked_edges(a, axis=...): ...
+def flatnotmasked_contiguous(a): ...
+def notmasked_contiguous(a, axis=...): ...
+def clump_unmasked(a): ...
+def clump_masked(a): ...
+def vander(x, n=...): ...
+def polyfit(x, y, deg, rcond=..., full=..., w=..., cov=...): ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/mrecords.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/mrecords.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e8103bcf63271a51122dd90fd1ba6f4c722502c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/mrecords.py
@@ -0,0 +1,783 @@
+""":mod:`numpy.ma..mrecords`
+
+Defines the equivalent of :class:`numpy.recarrays` for masked arrays,
+where fields can be accessed as attributes.
+Note that :class:`numpy.ma.MaskedArray` already supports structured datatypes
+and the masking of individual fields.
+
+.. moduleauthor:: Pierre Gerard-Marchant
+
+"""
+#  We should make sure that no field is called '_mask','mask','_fieldmask',
+#  or whatever restricted keywords.  An idea would be to no bother in the
+#  first place, and then rename the invalid fields with a trailing
+#  underscore. Maybe we could just overload the parser function ?
+
+from numpy.ma import (
+    MAError, MaskedArray, masked, nomask, masked_array, getdata,
+    getmaskarray, filled
+)
+import numpy.ma as ma
+import warnings
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy import (
+    bool_, dtype, ndarray, recarray, array as narray
+)
+from numpy.core.records import (
+    fromarrays as recfromarrays, fromrecords as recfromrecords
+)
+
+_byteorderconv = np.core.records._byteorderconv
+
+
+_check_fill_value = ma.core._check_fill_value
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'MaskedRecords', 'mrecarray', 'fromarrays', 'fromrecords',
+    'fromtextfile', 'addfield',
+]
+
+reserved_fields = ['_data', '_mask', '_fieldmask', 'dtype']
+
+
+def _checknames(descr, names=None):
+    """
+    Checks that field names ``descr`` are not reserved keywords.
+
+    If this is the case, a default 'f%i' is substituted.  If the argument
+    `names` is not None, updates the field names to valid names.
+
+    """
+    ndescr = len(descr)
+    default_names = ['f%i' % i for i in range(ndescr)]
+    if names is None:
+        new_names = default_names
+    else:
+        if isinstance(names, (tuple, list)):
+            new_names = names
+        elif isinstance(names, str):
+            new_names = names.split(',')
+        else:
+            raise NameError(f'illegal input names {names!r}')
+        nnames = len(new_names)
+        if nnames < ndescr:
+            new_names += default_names[nnames:]
+    ndescr = []
+    for (n, d, t) in zip(new_names, default_names, descr.descr):
+        if n in reserved_fields:
+            if t[0] in reserved_fields:
+                ndescr.append((d, t[1]))
+            else:
+                ndescr.append(t)
+        else:
+            ndescr.append((n, t[1]))
+    return np.dtype(ndescr)
+
+
+def _get_fieldmask(self):
+    mdescr = [(n, '|b1') for n in self.dtype.names]
+    fdmask = np.empty(self.shape, dtype=mdescr)
+    fdmask.flat = tuple([False] * len(mdescr))
+    return fdmask
+
+
+class MaskedRecords(MaskedArray):
+    """
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    _data : recarray
+        Underlying data, as a record array.
+    _mask : boolean array
+        Mask of the records. A record is masked when all its fields are
+        masked.
+    _fieldmask : boolean recarray
+        Record array of booleans, setting the mask of each individual field
+        of each record.
+    _fill_value : record
+        Filling values for each field.
+
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, shape, dtype=None, buf=None, offset=0, strides=None,
+                formats=None, names=None, titles=None,
+                byteorder=None, aligned=False,
+                mask=nomask, hard_mask=False, fill_value=None, keep_mask=True,
+                copy=False,
+                **options):
+
+        self = recarray.__new__(cls, shape, dtype=dtype, buf=buf, offset=offset,
+                                strides=strides, formats=formats, names=names,
+                                titles=titles, byteorder=byteorder,
+                                aligned=aligned,)
+
+        mdtype = ma.make_mask_descr(self.dtype)
+        if mask is nomask or not np.size(mask):
+            if not keep_mask:
+                self._mask = tuple([False] * len(mdtype))
+        else:
+            mask = np.array(mask, copy=copy)
+            if mask.shape != self.shape:
+                (nd, nm) = (self.size, mask.size)
+                if nm == 1:
+                    mask = np.resize(mask, self.shape)
+                elif nm == nd:
+                    mask = np.reshape(mask, self.shape)
+                else:
+                    msg = "Mask and data not compatible: data size is %i, " + \
+                          "mask size is %i."
+                    raise MAError(msg % (nd, nm))
+            if not keep_mask:
+                self.__setmask__(mask)
+                self._sharedmask = True
+            else:
+                if mask.dtype == mdtype:
+                    _mask = mask
+                else:
+                    _mask = np.array([tuple([m] * len(mdtype)) for m in mask],
+                                     dtype=mdtype)
+                self._mask = _mask
+        return self
+
+    def __array_finalize__(self, obj):
+        # Make sure we have a _fieldmask by default
+        _mask = getattr(obj, '_mask', None)
+        if _mask is None:
+            objmask = getattr(obj, '_mask', nomask)
+            _dtype = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, 'dtype')
+            if objmask is nomask:
+                _mask = ma.make_mask_none(self.shape, dtype=_dtype)
+            else:
+                mdescr = ma.make_mask_descr(_dtype)
+                _mask = narray([tuple([m] * len(mdescr)) for m in objmask],
+                               dtype=mdescr).view(recarray)
+        # Update some of the attributes
+        _dict = self.__dict__
+        _dict.update(_mask=_mask)
+        self._update_from(obj)
+        if _dict['_baseclass'] == ndarray:
+            _dict['_baseclass'] = recarray
+        return
+
+    @property
+    def _data(self):
+        """
+        Returns the data as a recarray.
+
+        """
+        return ndarray.view(self, recarray)
+
+    @property
+    def _fieldmask(self):
+        """
+        Alias to mask.
+
+        """
+        return self._mask
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        """
+        Returns the length
+
+        """
+        # We have more than one record
+        if self.ndim:
+            return len(self._data)
+        # We have only one record: return the nb of fields
+        return len(self.dtype)
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, attr):
+        try:
+            return object.__getattribute__(self, attr)
+        except AttributeError:
+            # attr must be a fieldname
+            pass
+        fielddict = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, 'dtype').fields
+        try:
+            res = fielddict[attr][:2]
+        except (TypeError, KeyError) as e:
+            raise AttributeError(
+                f'record array has no attribute {attr}') from e
+        # So far, so good
+        _localdict = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, '__dict__')
+        _data = ndarray.view(self, _localdict['_baseclass'])
+        obj = _data.getfield(*res)
+        if obj.dtype.names is not None:
+            raise NotImplementedError("MaskedRecords is currently limited to"
+                                      "simple records.")
+        # Get some special attributes
+        # Reset the object's mask
+        hasmasked = False
+        _mask = _localdict.get('_mask', None)
+        if _mask is not None:
+            try:
+                _mask = _mask[attr]
+            except IndexError:
+                # Couldn't find a mask: use the default (nomask)
+                pass
+            tp_len = len(_mask.dtype)
+            hasmasked = _mask.view((bool, ((tp_len,) if tp_len else ()))).any()
+        if (obj.shape or hasmasked):
+            obj = obj.view(MaskedArray)
+            obj._baseclass = ndarray
+            obj._isfield = True
+            obj._mask = _mask
+            # Reset the field values
+            _fill_value = _localdict.get('_fill_value', None)
+            if _fill_value is not None:
+                try:
+                    obj._fill_value = _fill_value[attr]
+                except ValueError:
+                    obj._fill_value = None
+        else:
+            obj = obj.item()
+        return obj
+
+    def __setattr__(self, attr, val):
+        """
+        Sets the attribute attr to the value val.
+
+        """
+        # Should we call __setmask__ first ?
+        if attr in ['mask', 'fieldmask']:
+            self.__setmask__(val)
+            return
+        # Create a shortcut (so that we don't have to call getattr all the time)
+        _localdict = object.__getattribute__(self, '__dict__')
+        # Check whether we're creating a new field
+        newattr = attr not in _localdict
+        try:
+            # Is attr a generic attribute ?
+            ret = object.__setattr__(self, attr, val)
+        except Exception:
+            # Not a generic attribute: exit if it's not a valid field
+            fielddict = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, 'dtype').fields or {}
+            optinfo = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, '_optinfo') or {}
+            if not (attr in fielddict or attr in optinfo):
+                raise
+        else:
+            # Get the list of names
+            fielddict = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, 'dtype').fields or {}
+            # Check the attribute
+            if attr not in fielddict:
+                return ret
+            if newattr:
+                # We just added this one or this setattr worked on an
+                # internal attribute.
+                try:
+                    object.__delattr__(self, attr)
+                except Exception:
+                    return ret
+        # Let's try to set the field
+        try:
+            res = fielddict[attr][:2]
+        except (TypeError, KeyError) as e:
+            raise AttributeError(
+                f'record array has no attribute {attr}') from e
+
+        if val is masked:
+            _fill_value = _localdict['_fill_value']
+            if _fill_value is not None:
+                dval = _localdict['_fill_value'][attr]
+            else:
+                dval = val
+            mval = True
+        else:
+            dval = filled(val)
+            mval = getmaskarray(val)
+        obj = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, '_data').setfield(dval, *res)
+        _localdict['_mask'].__setitem__(attr, mval)
+        return obj
+
+    def __getitem__(self, indx):
+        """
+        Returns all the fields sharing the same fieldname base.
+
+        The fieldname base is either `_data` or `_mask`.
+
+        """
+        _localdict = self.__dict__
+        _mask = ndarray.__getattribute__(self, '_mask')
+        _data = ndarray.view(self, _localdict['_baseclass'])
+        # We want a field
+        if isinstance(indx, str):
+            # Make sure _sharedmask is True to propagate back to _fieldmask
+            # Don't use _set_mask, there are some copies being made that
+            # break propagation Don't force the mask to nomask, that wreaks
+            # easy masking
+            obj = _data[indx].view(MaskedArray)
+            obj._mask = _mask[indx]
+            obj._sharedmask = True
+            fval = _localdict['_fill_value']
+            if fval is not None:
+                obj._fill_value = fval[indx]
+            # Force to masked if the mask is True
+            if not obj.ndim and obj._mask:
+                return masked
+            return obj
+        # We want some elements.
+        # First, the data.
+        obj = np.array(_data[indx], copy=False).view(mrecarray)
+        obj._mask = np.array(_mask[indx], copy=False).view(recarray)
+        return obj
+
+    def __setitem__(self, indx, value):
+        """
+        Sets the given record to value.
+
+        """
+        MaskedArray.__setitem__(self, indx, value)
+        if isinstance(indx, str):
+            self._mask[indx] = ma.getmaskarray(value)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """
+        Calculates the string representation.
+
+        """
+        if self.size > 1:
+            mstr = [f"({','.join([str(i) for i in s])})"
+                    for s in zip(*[getattr(self, f) for f in self.dtype.names])]
+            return f"[{', '.join(mstr)}]"
+        else:
+            mstr = [f"{','.join([str(i) for i in s])}"
+                    for s in zip([getattr(self, f) for f in self.dtype.names])]
+            return f"({', '.join(mstr)})"
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Calculates the repr representation.
+
+        """
+        _names = self.dtype.names
+        fmt = "%%%is : %%s" % (max([len(n) for n in _names]) + 4,)
+        reprstr = [fmt % (f, getattr(self, f)) for f in self.dtype.names]
+        reprstr.insert(0, 'masked_records(')
+        reprstr.extend([fmt % ('    fill_value', self.fill_value),
+                        '              )'])
+        return str("\n".join(reprstr))
+
+    def view(self, dtype=None, type=None):
+        """
+        Returns a view of the mrecarray.
+
+        """
+        # OK, basic copy-paste from MaskedArray.view.
+        if dtype is None:
+            if type is None:
+                output = ndarray.view(self)
+            else:
+                output = ndarray.view(self, type)
+        # Here again.
+        elif type is None:
+            try:
+                if issubclass(dtype, ndarray):
+                    output = ndarray.view(self, dtype)
+                else:
+                    output = ndarray.view(self, dtype)
+            # OK, there's the change
+            except TypeError:
+                dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
+                # we need to revert to MaskedArray, but keeping the possibility
+                # of subclasses (eg, TimeSeriesRecords), so we'll force a type
+                # set to the first parent
+                if dtype.fields is None:
+                    basetype = self.__class__.__bases__[0]
+                    output = self.__array__().view(dtype, basetype)
+                    output._update_from(self)
+                else:
+                    output = ndarray.view(self, dtype)
+                output._fill_value = None
+        else:
+            output = ndarray.view(self, dtype, type)
+        # Update the mask, just like in MaskedArray.view
+        if (getattr(output, '_mask', nomask) is not nomask):
+            mdtype = ma.make_mask_descr(output.dtype)
+            output._mask = self._mask.view(mdtype, ndarray)
+            output._mask.shape = output.shape
+        return output
+
+    def harden_mask(self):
+        """
+        Forces the mask to hard.
+
+        """
+        self._hardmask = True
+
+    def soften_mask(self):
+        """
+        Forces the mask to soft
+
+        """
+        self._hardmask = False
+
+    def copy(self):
+        """
+        Returns a copy of the masked record.
+
+        """
+        copied = self._data.copy().view(type(self))
+        copied._mask = self._mask.copy()
+        return copied
+
+    def tolist(self, fill_value=None):
+        """
+        Return the data portion of the array as a list.
+
+        Data items are converted to the nearest compatible Python type.
+        Masked values are converted to fill_value. If fill_value is None,
+        the corresponding entries in the output list will be ``None``.
+
+        """
+        if fill_value is not None:
+            return self.filled(fill_value).tolist()
+        result = narray(self.filled().tolist(), dtype=object)
+        mask = narray(self._mask.tolist())
+        result[mask] = None
+        return result.tolist()
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        """Return the internal state of the masked array.
+
+        This is for pickling.
+
+        """
+        state = (1,
+                 self.shape,
+                 self.dtype,
+                 self.flags.fnc,
+                 self._data.tobytes(),
+                 self._mask.tobytes(),
+                 self._fill_value,
+                 )
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        """
+        Restore the internal state of the masked array.
+
+        This is for pickling.  ``state`` is typically the output of the
+        ``__getstate__`` output, and is a 5-tuple:
+
+        - class name
+        - a tuple giving the shape of the data
+        - a typecode for the data
+        - a binary string for the data
+        - a binary string for the mask.
+
+        """
+        (ver, shp, typ, isf, raw, msk, flv) = state
+        ndarray.__setstate__(self, (shp, typ, isf, raw))
+        mdtype = dtype([(k, bool_) for (k, _) in self.dtype.descr])
+        self.__dict__['_mask'].__setstate__((shp, mdtype, isf, msk))
+        self.fill_value = flv
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        """
+        Return a 3-tuple for pickling a MaskedArray.
+
+        """
+        return (_mrreconstruct,
+                (self.__class__, self._baseclass, (0,), 'b',),
+                self.__getstate__())
+
+
+def _mrreconstruct(subtype, baseclass, baseshape, basetype,):
+    """
+    Build a new MaskedArray from the information stored in a pickle.
+
+    """
+    _data = ndarray.__new__(baseclass, baseshape, basetype).view(subtype)
+    _mask = ndarray.__new__(ndarray, baseshape, 'b1')
+    return subtype.__new__(subtype, _data, mask=_mask, dtype=basetype,)
+
+mrecarray = MaskedRecords
+
+
+###############################################################################
+#                             Constructors                                    #
+###############################################################################
+
+
+def fromarrays(arraylist, dtype=None, shape=None, formats=None,
+               names=None, titles=None, aligned=False, byteorder=None,
+               fill_value=None):
+    """
+    Creates a mrecarray from a (flat) list of masked arrays.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    arraylist : sequence
+        A list of (masked) arrays. Each element of the sequence is first converted
+        to a masked array if needed. If a 2D array is passed as argument, it is
+        processed line by line
+    dtype : {None, dtype}, optional
+        Data type descriptor.
+    shape : {None, integer}, optional
+        Number of records. If None, shape is defined from the shape of the
+        first array in the list.
+    formats : {None, sequence}, optional
+        Sequence of formats for each individual field. If None, the formats will
+        be autodetected by inspecting the fields and selecting the highest dtype
+        possible.
+    names : {None, sequence}, optional
+        Sequence of the names of each field.
+    fill_value : {None, sequence}, optional
+        Sequence of data to be used as filling values.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Lists of tuples should be preferred over lists of lists for faster processing.
+
+    """
+    datalist = [getdata(x) for x in arraylist]
+    masklist = [np.atleast_1d(getmaskarray(x)) for x in arraylist]
+    _array = recfromarrays(datalist,
+                           dtype=dtype, shape=shape, formats=formats,
+                           names=names, titles=titles, aligned=aligned,
+                           byteorder=byteorder).view(mrecarray)
+    _array._mask.flat = list(zip(*masklist))
+    if fill_value is not None:
+        _array.fill_value = fill_value
+    return _array
+
+
+def fromrecords(reclist, dtype=None, shape=None, formats=None, names=None,
+                titles=None, aligned=False, byteorder=None,
+                fill_value=None, mask=nomask):
+    """
+    Creates a MaskedRecords from a list of records.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    reclist : sequence
+        A list of records. Each element of the sequence is first converted
+        to a masked array if needed. If a 2D array is passed as argument, it is
+        processed line by line
+    dtype : {None, dtype}, optional
+        Data type descriptor.
+    shape : {None,int}, optional
+        Number of records. If None, ``shape`` is defined from the shape of the
+        first array in the list.
+    formats : {None, sequence}, optional
+        Sequence of formats for each individual field. If None, the formats will
+        be autodetected by inspecting the fields and selecting the highest dtype
+        possible.
+    names : {None, sequence}, optional
+        Sequence of the names of each field.
+    fill_value : {None, sequence}, optional
+        Sequence of data to be used as filling values.
+    mask : {nomask, sequence}, optional.
+        External mask to apply on the data.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Lists of tuples should be preferred over lists of lists for faster processing.
+
+    """
+    # Grab the initial _fieldmask, if needed:
+    _mask = getattr(reclist, '_mask', None)
+    # Get the list of records.
+    if isinstance(reclist, ndarray):
+        # Make sure we don't have some hidden mask
+        if isinstance(reclist, MaskedArray):
+            reclist = reclist.filled().view(ndarray)
+        # Grab the initial dtype, just in case
+        if dtype is None:
+            dtype = reclist.dtype
+        reclist = reclist.tolist()
+    mrec = recfromrecords(reclist, dtype=dtype, shape=shape, formats=formats,
+                          names=names, titles=titles,
+                          aligned=aligned, byteorder=byteorder).view(mrecarray)
+    # Set the fill_value if needed
+    if fill_value is not None:
+        mrec.fill_value = fill_value
+    # Now, let's deal w/ the mask
+    if mask is not nomask:
+        mask = np.array(mask, copy=False)
+        maskrecordlength = len(mask.dtype)
+        if maskrecordlength:
+            mrec._mask.flat = mask
+        elif mask.ndim == 2:
+            mrec._mask.flat = [tuple(m) for m in mask]
+        else:
+            mrec.__setmask__(mask)
+    if _mask is not None:
+        mrec._mask[:] = _mask
+    return mrec
+
+
+def _guessvartypes(arr):
+    """
+    Tries to guess the dtypes of the str_ ndarray `arr`.
+
+    Guesses by testing element-wise conversion. Returns a list of dtypes.
+    The array is first converted to ndarray. If the array is 2D, the test
+    is performed on the first line. An exception is raised if the file is
+    3D or more.
+
+    """
+    vartypes = []
+    arr = np.asarray(arr)
+    if arr.ndim == 2:
+        arr = arr[0]
+    elif arr.ndim > 2:
+        raise ValueError("The array should be 2D at most!")
+    # Start the conversion loop.
+    for f in arr:
+        try:
+            int(f)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            try:
+                float(f)
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                try:
+                    complex(f)
+                except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                    vartypes.append(arr.dtype)
+                else:
+                    vartypes.append(np.dtype(complex))
+            else:
+                vartypes.append(np.dtype(float))
+        else:
+            vartypes.append(np.dtype(int))
+    return vartypes
+
+
+def openfile(fname):
+    """
+    Opens the file handle of file `fname`.
+
+    """
+    # A file handle
+    if hasattr(fname, 'readline'):
+        return fname
+    # Try to open the file and guess its type
+    try:
+        f = open(fname)
+    except FileNotFoundError as e:
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"No such file: '{fname}'") from e
+    if f.readline()[:2] != "\\x":
+        f.seek(0, 0)
+        return f
+    f.close()
+    raise NotImplementedError("Wow, binary file")
+
+
+def fromtextfile(fname, delimiter=None, commentchar='#', missingchar='',
+                 varnames=None, vartypes=None,
+                 *, delimitor=np._NoValue):  # backwards compatibility
+    """
+    Creates a mrecarray from data stored in the file `filename`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fname : {file name/handle}
+        Handle of an opened file.
+    delimiter : {None, string}, optional
+        Alphanumeric character used to separate columns in the file.
+        If None, any (group of) white spacestring(s) will be used.
+    commentchar : {'#', string}, optional
+        Alphanumeric character used to mark the start of a comment.
+    missingchar : {'', string}, optional
+        String indicating missing data, and used to create the masks.
+    varnames : {None, sequence}, optional
+        Sequence of the variable names. If None, a list will be created from
+        the first non empty line of the file.
+    vartypes : {None, sequence}, optional
+        Sequence of the variables dtypes. If None, it will be estimated from
+        the first non-commented line.
+
+
+    Ultra simple: the varnames are in the header, one line"""
+    if delimitor is not np._NoValue:
+        if delimiter is not None:
+            raise TypeError("fromtextfile() got multiple values for argument "
+                            "'delimiter'")
+        # NumPy 1.22.0, 2021-09-23
+        warnings.warn("The 'delimitor' keyword argument of "
+                      "numpy.ma.mrecords.fromtextfile() is deprecated "
+                      "since NumPy 1.22.0, use 'delimiter' instead.",
+                      DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        delimiter = delimitor
+
+    # Try to open the file.
+    ftext = openfile(fname)
+
+    # Get the first non-empty line as the varnames
+    while True:
+        line = ftext.readline()
+        firstline = line[:line.find(commentchar)].strip()
+        _varnames = firstline.split(delimiter)
+        if len(_varnames) > 1:
+            break
+    if varnames is None:
+        varnames = _varnames
+
+    # Get the data.
+    _variables = masked_array([line.strip().split(delimiter) for line in ftext
+                               if line[0] != commentchar and len(line) > 1])
+    (_, nfields) = _variables.shape
+    ftext.close()
+
+    # Try to guess the dtype.
+    if vartypes is None:
+        vartypes = _guessvartypes(_variables[0])
+    else:
+        vartypes = [np.dtype(v) for v in vartypes]
+        if len(vartypes) != nfields:
+            msg = "Attempting to %i dtypes for %i fields!"
+            msg += " Reverting to default."
+            warnings.warn(msg % (len(vartypes), nfields), stacklevel=2)
+            vartypes = _guessvartypes(_variables[0])
+
+    # Construct the descriptor.
+    mdescr = [(n, f) for (n, f) in zip(varnames, vartypes)]
+    mfillv = [ma.default_fill_value(f) for f in vartypes]
+
+    # Get the data and the mask.
+    # We just need a list of masked_arrays. It's easier to create it like that:
+    _mask = (_variables.T == missingchar)
+    _datalist = [masked_array(a, mask=m, dtype=t, fill_value=f)
+                 for (a, m, t, f) in zip(_variables.T, _mask, vartypes, mfillv)]
+
+    return fromarrays(_datalist, dtype=mdescr)
+
+
+def addfield(mrecord, newfield, newfieldname=None):
+    """Adds a new field to the masked record array
+
+    Uses `newfield` as data and `newfieldname` as name. If `newfieldname`
+    is None, the new field name is set to 'fi', where `i` is the number of
+    existing fields.
+
+    """
+    _data = mrecord._data
+    _mask = mrecord._mask
+    if newfieldname is None or newfieldname in reserved_fields:
+        newfieldname = 'f%i' % len(_data.dtype)
+    newfield = ma.array(newfield)
+    # Get the new data.
+    # Create a new empty recarray
+    newdtype = np.dtype(_data.dtype.descr + [(newfieldname, newfield.dtype)])
+    newdata = recarray(_data.shape, newdtype)
+    # Add the existing field
+    [newdata.setfield(_data.getfield(*f), *f)
+     for f in _data.dtype.fields.values()]
+    # Add the new field
+    newdata.setfield(newfield._data, *newdata.dtype.fields[newfieldname])
+    newdata = newdata.view(MaskedRecords)
+    # Get the new mask
+    # Create a new empty recarray
+    newmdtype = np.dtype([(n, bool_) for n in newdtype.names])
+    newmask = recarray(_data.shape, newmdtype)
+    # Add the old masks
+    [newmask.setfield(_mask.getfield(*f), *f)
+     for f in _mask.dtype.fields.values()]
+    # Add the mask of the new field
+    newmask.setfield(getmaskarray(newfield),
+                     *newmask.dtype.fields[newfieldname])
+    newdata._mask = newmask
+    return newdata
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/mrecords.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/mrecords.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..264807e05d57e03e2f8b71d2db2677d8a68ab17e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/mrecords.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+from numpy import dtype
+from numpy.ma import MaskedArray
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+# TODO: Set the `bound` to something more suitable once we
+# have proper shape support
+_ShapeType = TypeVar("_ShapeType", bound=Any)
+_DType_co = TypeVar("_DType_co", bound=dtype[Any], covariant=True)
+
+class MaskedRecords(MaskedArray[_ShapeType, _DType_co]):
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        shape,
+        dtype=...,
+        buf=...,
+        offset=...,
+        strides=...,
+        formats=...,
+        names=...,
+        titles=...,
+        byteorder=...,
+        aligned=...,
+        mask=...,
+        hard_mask=...,
+        fill_value=...,
+        keep_mask=...,
+        copy=...,
+        **options,
+    ): ...
+    _mask: Any
+    _fill_value: Any
+    @property
+    def _data(self): ...
+    @property
+    def _fieldmask(self): ...
+    def __array_finalize__(self, obj): ...
+    def __len__(self): ...
+    def __getattribute__(self, attr): ...
+    def __setattr__(self, attr, val): ...
+    def __getitem__(self, indx): ...
+    def __setitem__(self, indx, value): ...
+    def view(self, dtype=..., type=...): ...
+    def harden_mask(self): ...
+    def soften_mask(self): ...
+    def copy(self): ...
+    def tolist(self, fill_value=...): ...
+    def __reduce__(self): ...
+
+mrecarray = MaskedRecords
+
+def fromarrays(
+    arraylist,
+    dtype=...,
+    shape=...,
+    formats=...,
+    names=...,
+    titles=...,
+    aligned=...,
+    byteorder=...,
+    fill_value=...,
+): ...
+
+def fromrecords(
+    reclist,
+    dtype=...,
+    shape=...,
+    formats=...,
+    names=...,
+    titles=...,
+    aligned=...,
+    byteorder=...,
+    fill_value=...,
+    mask=...,
+): ...
+
+def fromtextfile(
+    fname,
+    delimiter=...,
+    commentchar=...,
+    missingchar=...,
+    varnames=...,
+    vartypes=...,
+    # NOTE: deprecated: NumPy 1.22.0, 2021-09-23
+    # delimitor=...,
+): ...
+
+def addfield(mrecord, newfield, newfieldname=...): ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/setup.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..018d38cdd5003103adec60cbfd844f49ca18c932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+def configuration(parent_package='',top_path=None):
+    from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
+    config = Configuration('ma', parent_package, top_path)
+    config.add_subpackage('tests')
+    config.add_data_files('*.pyi')
+    return config
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from numpy.distutils.core import setup
+    config = configuration(top_path='').todict()
+    setup(**config)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/testutils.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/testutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a633906bb4245261d71e9e783e188f3d44b7790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/testutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+"""Miscellaneous functions for testing masked arrays and subclasses
+
+:author: Pierre Gerard-Marchant
+:contact: pierregm_at_uga_dot_edu
+:version: $Id: testutils.py 3529 2007-11-13 08:01:14Z jarrod.millman $
+
+"""
+import operator
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy import ndarray, float_
+import numpy.core.umath as umath
+import numpy.testing
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_, assert_allclose, assert_array_almost_equal_nulp,
+    assert_raises, build_err_msg
+    )
+from .core import mask_or, getmask, masked_array, nomask, masked, filled
+
+__all__masked = [
+    'almost', 'approx', 'assert_almost_equal', 'assert_array_almost_equal',
+    'assert_array_approx_equal', 'assert_array_compare',
+    'assert_array_equal', 'assert_array_less', 'assert_close',
+    'assert_equal', 'assert_equal_records', 'assert_mask_equal',
+    'assert_not_equal', 'fail_if_array_equal',
+    ]
+
+# Include some normal test functions to avoid breaking other projects who
+# have mistakenly included them from this file. SciPy is one. That is
+# unfortunate, as some of these functions are not intended to work with
+# masked arrays. But there was no way to tell before.
+from unittest import TestCase
+__some__from_testing = [
+    'TestCase', 'assert_', 'assert_allclose', 'assert_array_almost_equal_nulp',
+    'assert_raises'
+    ]
+
+__all__ = __all__masked + __some__from_testing
+
+
+def approx(a, b, fill_value=True, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-8):
+    """
+    Returns true if all components of a and b are equal to given tolerances.
+
+    If fill_value is True, masked values considered equal. Otherwise,
+    masked values are considered unequal.  The relative error rtol should
+    be positive and << 1.0 The absolute error atol comes into play for
+    those elements of b that are very small or zero; it says how small a
+    must be also.
+
+    """
+    m = mask_or(getmask(a), getmask(b))
+    d1 = filled(a)
+    d2 = filled(b)
+    if d1.dtype.char == "O" or d2.dtype.char == "O":
+        return np.equal(d1, d2).ravel()
+    x = filled(masked_array(d1, copy=False, mask=m), fill_value).astype(float_)
+    y = filled(masked_array(d2, copy=False, mask=m), 1).astype(float_)
+    d = np.less_equal(umath.absolute(x - y), atol + rtol * umath.absolute(y))
+    return d.ravel()
+
+
+def almost(a, b, decimal=6, fill_value=True):
+    """
+    Returns True if a and b are equal up to decimal places.
+
+    If fill_value is True, masked values considered equal. Otherwise,
+    masked values are considered unequal.
+
+    """
+    m = mask_or(getmask(a), getmask(b))
+    d1 = filled(a)
+    d2 = filled(b)
+    if d1.dtype.char == "O" or d2.dtype.char == "O":
+        return np.equal(d1, d2).ravel()
+    x = filled(masked_array(d1, copy=False, mask=m), fill_value).astype(float_)
+    y = filled(masked_array(d2, copy=False, mask=m), 1).astype(float_)
+    d = np.around(np.abs(x - y), decimal) <= 10.0 ** (-decimal)
+    return d.ravel()
+
+
+def _assert_equal_on_sequences(actual, desired, err_msg=''):
+    """
+    Asserts the equality of two non-array sequences.
+
+    """
+    assert_equal(len(actual), len(desired), err_msg)
+    for k in range(len(desired)):
+        assert_equal(actual[k], desired[k], f'item={k!r}\n{err_msg}')
+    return
+
+
+def assert_equal_records(a, b):
+    """
+    Asserts that two records are equal.
+
+    Pretty crude for now.
+
+    """
+    assert_equal(a.dtype, b.dtype)
+    for f in a.dtype.names:
+        (af, bf) = (operator.getitem(a, f), operator.getitem(b, f))
+        if not (af is masked) and not (bf is masked):
+            assert_equal(operator.getitem(a, f), operator.getitem(b, f))
+    return
+
+
+def assert_equal(actual, desired, err_msg=''):
+    """
+    Asserts that two items are equal.
+
+    """
+    # Case #1: dictionary .....
+    if isinstance(desired, dict):
+        if not isinstance(actual, dict):
+            raise AssertionError(repr(type(actual)))
+        assert_equal(len(actual), len(desired), err_msg)
+        for k, i in desired.items():
+            if k not in actual:
+                raise AssertionError(f"{k} not in {actual}")
+            assert_equal(actual[k], desired[k], f'key={k!r}\n{err_msg}')
+        return
+    # Case #2: lists .....
+    if isinstance(desired, (list, tuple)) and isinstance(actual, (list, tuple)):
+        return _assert_equal_on_sequences(actual, desired, err_msg='')
+    if not (isinstance(actual, ndarray) or isinstance(desired, ndarray)):
+        msg = build_err_msg([actual, desired], err_msg,)
+        if not desired == actual:
+            raise AssertionError(msg)
+        return
+    # Case #4. arrays or equivalent
+    if ((actual is masked) and not (desired is masked)) or \
+            ((desired is masked) and not (actual is masked)):
+        msg = build_err_msg([actual, desired],
+                            err_msg, header='', names=('x', 'y'))
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    actual = np.asanyarray(actual)
+    desired = np.asanyarray(desired)
+    (actual_dtype, desired_dtype) = (actual.dtype, desired.dtype)
+    if actual_dtype.char == "S" and desired_dtype.char == "S":
+        return _assert_equal_on_sequences(actual.tolist(),
+                                          desired.tolist(),
+                                          err_msg='')
+    return assert_array_equal(actual, desired, err_msg)
+
+
+def fail_if_equal(actual, desired, err_msg='',):
+    """
+    Raises an assertion error if two items are equal.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(desired, dict):
+        if not isinstance(actual, dict):
+            raise AssertionError(repr(type(actual)))
+        fail_if_equal(len(actual), len(desired), err_msg)
+        for k, i in desired.items():
+            if k not in actual:
+                raise AssertionError(repr(k))
+            fail_if_equal(actual[k], desired[k], f'key={k!r}\n{err_msg}')
+        return
+    if isinstance(desired, (list, tuple)) and isinstance(actual, (list, tuple)):
+        fail_if_equal(len(actual), len(desired), err_msg)
+        for k in range(len(desired)):
+            fail_if_equal(actual[k], desired[k], f'item={k!r}\n{err_msg}')
+        return
+    if isinstance(actual, np.ndarray) or isinstance(desired, np.ndarray):
+        return fail_if_array_equal(actual, desired, err_msg)
+    msg = build_err_msg([actual, desired], err_msg)
+    if not desired != actual:
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+
+
+assert_not_equal = fail_if_equal
+
+
+def assert_almost_equal(actual, desired, decimal=7, err_msg='', verbose=True):
+    """
+    Asserts that two items are almost equal.
+
+    The test is equivalent to abs(desired-actual) < 0.5 * 10**(-decimal).
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(actual, np.ndarray) or isinstance(desired, np.ndarray):
+        return assert_array_almost_equal(actual, desired, decimal=decimal,
+                                         err_msg=err_msg, verbose=verbose)
+    msg = build_err_msg([actual, desired],
+                        err_msg=err_msg, verbose=verbose)
+    if not round(abs(desired - actual), decimal) == 0:
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+
+
+assert_close = assert_almost_equal
+
+
+def assert_array_compare(comparison, x, y, err_msg='', verbose=True, header='',
+                         fill_value=True):
+    """
+    Asserts that comparison between two masked arrays is satisfied.
+
+    The comparison is elementwise.
+
+    """
+    # Allocate a common mask and refill
+    m = mask_or(getmask(x), getmask(y))
+    x = masked_array(x, copy=False, mask=m, keep_mask=False, subok=False)
+    y = masked_array(y, copy=False, mask=m, keep_mask=False, subok=False)
+    if ((x is masked) and not (y is masked)) or \
+            ((y is masked) and not (x is masked)):
+        msg = build_err_msg([x, y], err_msg=err_msg, verbose=verbose,
+                            header=header, names=('x', 'y'))
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    # OK, now run the basic tests on filled versions
+    return np.testing.assert_array_compare(comparison,
+                                           x.filled(fill_value),
+                                           y.filled(fill_value),
+                                           err_msg=err_msg,
+                                           verbose=verbose, header=header)
+
+
+def assert_array_equal(x, y, err_msg='', verbose=True):
+    """
+    Checks the elementwise equality of two masked arrays.
+
+    """
+    assert_array_compare(operator.__eq__, x, y,
+                         err_msg=err_msg, verbose=verbose,
+                         header='Arrays are not equal')
+
+
+def fail_if_array_equal(x, y, err_msg='', verbose=True):
+    """
+    Raises an assertion error if two masked arrays are not equal elementwise.
+
+    """
+    def compare(x, y):
+        return (not np.all(approx(x, y)))
+    assert_array_compare(compare, x, y, err_msg=err_msg, verbose=verbose,
+                         header='Arrays are not equal')
+
+
+def assert_array_approx_equal(x, y, decimal=6, err_msg='', verbose=True):
+    """
+    Checks the equality of two masked arrays, up to given number odecimals.
+
+    The equality is checked elementwise.
+
+    """
+    def compare(x, y):
+        "Returns the result of the loose comparison between x and y)."
+        return approx(x, y, rtol=10. ** -decimal)
+    assert_array_compare(compare, x, y, err_msg=err_msg, verbose=verbose,
+                         header='Arrays are not almost equal')
+
+
+def assert_array_almost_equal(x, y, decimal=6, err_msg='', verbose=True):
+    """
+    Checks the equality of two masked arrays, up to given number odecimals.
+
+    The equality is checked elementwise.
+
+    """
+    def compare(x, y):
+        "Returns the result of the loose comparison between x and y)."
+        return almost(x, y, decimal)
+    assert_array_compare(compare, x, y, err_msg=err_msg, verbose=verbose,
+                         header='Arrays are not almost equal')
+
+
+def assert_array_less(x, y, err_msg='', verbose=True):
+    """
+    Checks that x is smaller than y elementwise.
+
+    """
+    assert_array_compare(operator.__lt__, x, y,
+                         err_msg=err_msg, verbose=verbose,
+                         header='Arrays are not less-ordered')
+
+
+def assert_mask_equal(m1, m2, err_msg=''):
+    """
+    Asserts the equality of two masks.
+
+    """
+    if m1 is nomask:
+        assert_(m2 is nomask)
+    if m2 is nomask:
+        assert_(m1 is nomask)
+    assert_array_equal(m1, m2, err_msg=err_msg)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/timer_comparison.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/timer_comparison.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9eb1a23cd693b7f9176f4076c26c47caee3ce94c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/ma/timer_comparison.py
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+import timeit
+from functools import reduce
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy import float_
+import numpy.core.fromnumeric as fromnumeric
+
+from numpy.testing import build_err_msg
+
+
+pi = np.pi
+
+class ModuleTester:
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        self.module = module
+        self.allequal = module.allequal
+        self.arange = module.arange
+        self.array = module.array
+        self.concatenate = module.concatenate
+        self.count = module.count
+        self.equal = module.equal
+        self.filled = module.filled
+        self.getmask = module.getmask
+        self.getmaskarray = module.getmaskarray
+        self.id = id
+        self.inner = module.inner
+        self.make_mask = module.make_mask
+        self.masked = module.masked
+        self.masked_array = module.masked_array
+        self.masked_values = module.masked_values
+        self.mask_or = module.mask_or
+        self.nomask = module.nomask
+        self.ones = module.ones
+        self.outer = module.outer
+        self.repeat = module.repeat
+        self.resize = module.resize
+        self.sort = module.sort
+        self.take = module.take
+        self.transpose = module.transpose
+        self.zeros = module.zeros
+        self.MaskType = module.MaskType
+        try:
+            self.umath = module.umath
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.umath = module.core.umath
+        self.testnames = []
+
+    def assert_array_compare(self, comparison, x, y, err_msg='', header='',
+                         fill_value=True):
+        """
+        Assert that a comparison of two masked arrays is satisfied elementwise.
+
+        """
+        xf = self.filled(x)
+        yf = self.filled(y)
+        m = self.mask_or(self.getmask(x), self.getmask(y))
+
+        x = self.filled(self.masked_array(xf, mask=m), fill_value)
+        y = self.filled(self.masked_array(yf, mask=m), fill_value)
+        if (x.dtype.char != "O"):
+            x = x.astype(float_)
+            if isinstance(x, np.ndarray) and x.size > 1:
+                x[np.isnan(x)] = 0
+            elif np.isnan(x):
+                x = 0
+        if (y.dtype.char != "O"):
+            y = y.astype(float_)
+            if isinstance(y, np.ndarray) and y.size > 1:
+                y[np.isnan(y)] = 0
+            elif np.isnan(y):
+                y = 0
+        try:
+            cond = (x.shape == () or y.shape == ()) or x.shape == y.shape
+            if not cond:
+                msg = build_err_msg([x, y],
+                                    err_msg
+                                    + f'\n(shapes {x.shape}, {y.shape} mismatch)',
+                                    header=header,
+                                    names=('x', 'y'))
+                assert cond, msg
+            val = comparison(x, y)
+            if m is not self.nomask and fill_value:
+                val = self.masked_array(val, mask=m)
+            if isinstance(val, bool):
+                cond = val
+                reduced = [0]
+            else:
+                reduced = val.ravel()
+                cond = reduced.all()
+                reduced = reduced.tolist()
+            if not cond:
+                match = 100-100.0*reduced.count(1)/len(reduced)
+                msg = build_err_msg([x, y],
+                                    err_msg
+                                    + '\n(mismatch %s%%)' % (match,),
+                                    header=header,
+                                    names=('x', 'y'))
+                assert cond, msg
+        except ValueError as e:
+            msg = build_err_msg([x, y], err_msg, header=header, names=('x', 'y'))
+            raise ValueError(msg) from e
+
+    def assert_array_equal(self, x, y, err_msg=''):
+        """
+        Checks the elementwise equality of two masked arrays.
+
+        """
+        self.assert_array_compare(self.equal, x, y, err_msg=err_msg,
+                                  header='Arrays are not equal')
+
+    @np.errstate(all='ignore')
+    def test_0(self):
+        """
+        Tests creation
+
+        """
+        x = np.array([1., 1., 1., -2., pi/2.0, 4., 5., -10., 10., 1., 2., 3.])
+        m = [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+        xm = self.masked_array(x, mask=m)
+        xm[0]
+
+    @np.errstate(all='ignore')
+    def test_1(self):
+        """
+        Tests creation
+
+        """
+        x = np.array([1., 1., 1., -2., pi/2.0, 4., 5., -10., 10., 1., 2., 3.])
+        y = np.array([5., 0., 3., 2., -1., -4., 0., -10., 10., 1., 0., 3.])
+        m1 = [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+        m2 = [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]
+        xm = self.masked_array(x, mask=m1)
+        ym = self.masked_array(y, mask=m2)
+        xf = np.where(m1, 1.e+20, x)
+        xm.set_fill_value(1.e+20)
+
+        assert((xm-ym).filled(0).any())
+        s = x.shape
+        assert(xm.size == reduce(lambda x, y:x*y, s))
+        assert(self.count(xm) == len(m1) - reduce(lambda x, y:x+y, m1))
+
+        for s in [(4, 3), (6, 2)]:
+            x.shape = s
+            y.shape = s
+            xm.shape = s
+            ym.shape = s
+            xf.shape = s
+            assert(self.count(xm) == len(m1) - reduce(lambda x, y:x+y, m1))
+
+    @np.errstate(all='ignore')
+    def test_2(self):
+        """
+        Tests conversions and indexing.
+
+        """
+        x1 = np.array([1, 2, 4, 3])
+        x2 = self.array(x1, mask=[1, 0, 0, 0])
+        x3 = self.array(x1, mask=[0, 1, 0, 1])
+        x4 = self.array(x1)
+        # test conversion to strings, no errors
+        str(x2)
+        repr(x2)
+        # tests of indexing
+        assert type(x2[1]) is type(x1[1])
+        assert x1[1] == x2[1]
+        x1[2] = 9
+        x2[2] = 9
+        self.assert_array_equal(x1, x2)
+        x1[1:3] = 99
+        x2[1:3] = 99
+        x2[1] = self.masked
+        x2[1:3] = self.masked
+        x2[:] = x1
+        x2[1] = self.masked
+        x3[:] = self.masked_array([1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 1, 0])
+        x4[:] = self.masked_array([1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 1, 0])
+        x1 = np.arange(5)*1.0
+        x2 = self.masked_values(x1, 3.0)
+        x1 = self.array([1, 'hello', 2, 3], object)
+        x2 = np.array([1, 'hello', 2, 3], object)
+        # check that no error occurs.
+        x1[1]
+        x2[1]
+        assert x1[1:1].shape == (0,)
+        # Tests copy-size
+        n = [0, 0, 1, 0, 0]
+        m = self.make_mask(n)
+        m2 = self.make_mask(m)
+        assert(m is m2)
+        m3 = self.make_mask(m, copy=1)
+        assert(m is not m3)
+
+    @np.errstate(all='ignore')
+    def test_3(self):
+        """
+        Tests resize/repeat
+
+        """
+        x4 = self.arange(4)
+        x4[2] = self.masked
+        y4 = self.resize(x4, (8,))
+        assert self.allequal(self.concatenate([x4, x4]), y4)
+        assert self.allequal(self.getmask(y4), [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0])
+        y5 = self.repeat(x4, (2, 2, 2, 2), axis=0)
+        self.assert_array_equal(y5, [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3])
+        y6 = self.repeat(x4, 2, axis=0)
+        assert self.allequal(y5, y6)
+        y7 = x4.repeat((2, 2, 2, 2), axis=0)
+        assert self.allequal(y5, y7)
+        y8 = x4.repeat(2, 0)
+        assert self.allequal(y5, y8)
+
+    @np.errstate(all='ignore')
+    def test_4(self):
+        """
+        Test of take, transpose, inner, outer products.
+
+        """
+        x = self.arange(24)
+        y = np.arange(24)
+        x[5:6] = self.masked
+        x = x.reshape(2, 3, 4)
+        y = y.reshape(2, 3, 4)
+        assert self.allequal(np.transpose(y, (2, 0, 1)), self.transpose(x, (2, 0, 1)))
+        assert self.allequal(np.take(y, (2, 0, 1), 1), self.take(x, (2, 0, 1), 1))
+        assert self.allequal(np.inner(self.filled(x, 0), self.filled(y, 0)),
+                            self.inner(x, y))
+        assert self.allequal(np.outer(self.filled(x, 0), self.filled(y, 0)),
+                            self.outer(x, y))
+        y = self.array(['abc', 1, 'def', 2, 3], object)
+        y[2] = self.masked
+        t = self.take(y, [0, 3, 4])
+        assert t[0] == 'abc'
+        assert t[1] == 2
+        assert t[2] == 3
+
+    @np.errstate(all='ignore')
+    def test_5(self):
+        """
+        Tests inplace w/ scalar
+
+        """
+        x = self.arange(10)
+        y = self.arange(10)
+        xm = self.arange(10)
+        xm[2] = self.masked
+        x += 1
+        assert self.allequal(x, y+1)
+        xm += 1
+        assert self.allequal(xm, y+1)
+
+        x = self.arange(10)
+        xm = self.arange(10)
+        xm[2] = self.masked
+        x -= 1
+        assert self.allequal(x, y-1)
+        xm -= 1
+        assert self.allequal(xm, y-1)
+
+        x = self.arange(10)*1.0
+        xm = self.arange(10)*1.0
+        xm[2] = self.masked
+        x *= 2.0
+        assert self.allequal(x, y*2)
+        xm *= 2.0
+        assert self.allequal(xm, y*2)
+
+        x = self.arange(10)*2
+        xm = self.arange(10)*2
+        xm[2] = self.masked
+        x /= 2
+        assert self.allequal(x, y)
+        xm /= 2
+        assert self.allequal(xm, y)
+
+        x = self.arange(10)*1.0
+        xm = self.arange(10)*1.0
+        xm[2] = self.masked
+        x /= 2.0
+        assert self.allequal(x, y/2.0)
+        xm /= self.arange(10)
+        self.assert_array_equal(xm, self.ones((10,)))
+
+        x = self.arange(10).astype(float_)
+        xm = self.arange(10)
+        xm[2] = self.masked
+        x += 1.
+        assert self.allequal(x, y + 1.)
+
+    @np.errstate(all='ignore')
+    def test_6(self):
+        """
+        Tests inplace w/ array
+
+        """
+        x = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        y = self.arange(10)
+        xm = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        xm[2] = self.masked
+        m = xm.mask
+        a = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        a[-1] = self.masked
+        x += a
+        xm += a
+        assert self.allequal(x, y+a)
+        assert self.allequal(xm, y+a)
+        assert self.allequal(xm.mask, self.mask_or(m, a.mask))
+
+        x = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        xm = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        xm[2] = self.masked
+        m = xm.mask
+        a = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        a[-1] = self.masked
+        x -= a
+        xm -= a
+        assert self.allequal(x, y-a)
+        assert self.allequal(xm, y-a)
+        assert self.allequal(xm.mask, self.mask_or(m, a.mask))
+
+        x = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        xm = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        xm[2] = self.masked
+        m = xm.mask
+        a = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        a[-1] = self.masked
+        x *= a
+        xm *= a
+        assert self.allequal(x, y*a)
+        assert self.allequal(xm, y*a)
+        assert self.allequal(xm.mask, self.mask_or(m, a.mask))
+
+        x = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        xm = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        xm[2] = self.masked
+        m = xm.mask
+        a = self.arange(10, dtype=float_)
+        a[-1] = self.masked
+        x /= a
+        xm /= a
+
+    @np.errstate(all='ignore')
+    def test_7(self):
+        "Tests ufunc"
+        d = (self.array([1.0, 0, -1, pi/2]*2, mask=[0, 1]+[0]*6),
+             self.array([1.0, 0, -1, pi/2]*2, mask=[1, 0]+[0]*6),)
+        for f in ['sqrt', 'log', 'log10', 'exp', 'conjugate',
+#                  'sin', 'cos', 'tan',
+#                  'arcsin', 'arccos', 'arctan',
+#                  'sinh', 'cosh', 'tanh',
+#                  'arcsinh',
+#                  'arccosh',
+#                  'arctanh',
+#                  'absolute', 'fabs', 'negative',
+#                  # 'nonzero', 'around',
+#                  'floor', 'ceil',
+#                  # 'sometrue', 'alltrue',
+#                  'logical_not',
+#                  'add', 'subtract', 'multiply',
+#                  'divide', 'true_divide', 'floor_divide',
+#                  'remainder', 'fmod', 'hypot', 'arctan2',
+#                  'equal', 'not_equal', 'less_equal', 'greater_equal',
+#                  'less', 'greater',
+#                  'logical_and', 'logical_or', 'logical_xor',
+                  ]:
+            try:
+                uf = getattr(self.umath, f)
+            except AttributeError:
+                uf = getattr(fromnumeric, f)
+            mf = getattr(self.module, f)
+            args = d[:uf.nin]
+            ur = uf(*args)
+            mr = mf(*args)
+            self.assert_array_equal(ur.filled(0), mr.filled(0), f)
+            self.assert_array_equal(ur._mask, mr._mask)
+
+    @np.errstate(all='ignore')
+    def test_99(self):
+        # test average
+        ott = self.array([0., 1., 2., 3.], mask=[1, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.assert_array_equal(2.0, self.average(ott, axis=0))
+        self.assert_array_equal(2.0, self.average(ott, weights=[1., 1., 2., 1.]))
+        result, wts = self.average(ott, weights=[1., 1., 2., 1.], returned=1)
+        self.assert_array_equal(2.0, result)
+        assert(wts == 4.0)
+        ott[:] = self.masked
+        assert(self.average(ott, axis=0) is self.masked)
+        ott = self.array([0., 1., 2., 3.], mask=[1, 0, 0, 0])
+        ott = ott.reshape(2, 2)
+        ott[:, 1] = self.masked
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(ott, axis=0), [2.0, 0.0])
+        assert(self.average(ott, axis=1)[0] is self.masked)
+        self.assert_array_equal([2., 0.], self.average(ott, axis=0))
+        result, wts = self.average(ott, axis=0, returned=1)
+        self.assert_array_equal(wts, [1., 0.])
+        w1 = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0]
+        w2 = [[0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]]
+        x = self.arange(6)
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(x, axis=0), 2.5)
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(x, axis=0, weights=w1), 2.5)
+        y = self.array([self.arange(6), 2.0*self.arange(6)])
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(y, None), np.add.reduce(np.arange(6))*3./12.)
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(y, axis=0), np.arange(6) * 3./2.)
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(y, axis=1), [self.average(x, axis=0), self.average(x, axis=0) * 2.0])
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(y, None, weights=w2), 20./6.)
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(y, axis=0, weights=w2), [0., 1., 2., 3., 4., 10.])
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(y, axis=1), [self.average(x, axis=0), self.average(x, axis=0) * 2.0])
+        m1 = self.zeros(6)
+        m2 = [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0]
+        m3 = [[0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0]]
+        m4 = self.ones(6)
+        m5 = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(self.masked_array(x, m1), axis=0), 2.5)
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(self.masked_array(x, m2), axis=0), 2.5)
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(self.masked_array(x, m5), axis=0), 0.0)
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.count(self.average(self.masked_array(x, m4), axis=0)), 0)
+        z = self.masked_array(y, m3)
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(z, None), 20./6.)
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(z, axis=0), [0., 1., 99., 99., 4.0, 7.5])
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(z, axis=1), [2.5, 5.0])
+        self.assert_array_equal(self.average(z, axis=0, weights=w2), [0., 1., 99., 99., 4.0, 10.0])
+
+    @np.errstate(all='ignore')
+    def test_A(self):
+        x = self.arange(24)
+        x[5:6] = self.masked
+        x = x.reshape(2, 3, 4)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    setup_base = ("from __main__ import ModuleTester \n"
+                  "import numpy\n"
+                  "tester = ModuleTester(module)\n")
+    setup_cur = "import numpy.ma.core as module\n" + setup_base
+    (nrepeat, nloop) = (10, 10)
+
+    for i in range(1, 8):
+        func = 'tester.test_%i()' % i
+        cur = timeit.Timer(func, setup_cur).repeat(nrepeat, nloop*10)
+        cur = np.sort(cur)
+        print("#%i" % i + 50*'.')
+        print(eval("ModuleTester.test_%i.__doc__" % i))
+        print(f'core_current : {cur[0]:.3f} - {cur[1]:.3f}')
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a7597d30387c98c0e7e66a0bfc82f5e64823d95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""Sub-package containing the matrix class and related functions.
+
+"""
+from . import defmatrix
+from .defmatrix import *
+
+__all__ = defmatrix.__all__
+
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+test = PytestTester(__name__)
+del PytestTester
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/__init__.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/__init__.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0ca8c9ca03d39efa03bede061f2a4f8ef90523a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/__init__.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+
+from numpy import (
+    matrix as matrix,
+)
+
+from numpy.matrixlib.defmatrix import (
+    bmat as bmat,
+    mat as mat,
+    asmatrix as asmatrix,
+)
+
+__all__: list[str]
+__path__: list[str]
+test: PytestTester
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/defmatrix.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/defmatrix.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d029b13fb8b561247fb031e44a14de285a1d9d4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/defmatrix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1114 @@
+__all__ = ['matrix', 'bmat', 'mat', 'asmatrix']
+
+import sys
+import warnings
+import ast
+
+from .._utils import set_module
+import numpy.core.numeric as N
+from numpy.core.numeric import concatenate, isscalar
+# While not in __all__, matrix_power used to be defined here, so we import
+# it for backward compatibility.
+from numpy.linalg import matrix_power
+
+
+def _convert_from_string(data):
+    for char in '[]':
+        data = data.replace(char, '')
+
+    rows = data.split(';')
+    newdata = []
+    count = 0
+    for row in rows:
+        trow = row.split(',')
+        newrow = []
+        for col in trow:
+            temp = col.split()
+            newrow.extend(map(ast.literal_eval, temp))
+        if count == 0:
+            Ncols = len(newrow)
+        elif len(newrow) != Ncols:
+            raise ValueError("Rows not the same size.")
+        count += 1
+        newdata.append(newrow)
+    return newdata
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def asmatrix(data, dtype=None):
+    """
+    Interpret the input as a matrix.
+
+    Unlike `matrix`, `asmatrix` does not make a copy if the input is already
+    a matrix or an ndarray.  Equivalent to ``matrix(data, copy=False)``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : array_like
+        Input data.
+    dtype : data-type
+       Data-type of the output matrix.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    mat : matrix
+        `data` interpreted as a matrix.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+
+    >>> m = np.asmatrix(x)
+
+    >>> x[0,0] = 5
+
+    >>> m
+    matrix([[5, 2],
+            [3, 4]])
+
+    """
+    return matrix(data, dtype=dtype, copy=False)
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+class matrix(N.ndarray):
+    """
+    matrix(data, dtype=None, copy=True)
+
+    .. note:: It is no longer recommended to use this class, even for linear
+              algebra. Instead use regular arrays. The class may be removed
+              in the future.
+
+    Returns a matrix from an array-like object, or from a string of data.
+    A matrix is a specialized 2-D array that retains its 2-D nature
+    through operations.  It has certain special operators, such as ``*``
+    (matrix multiplication) and ``**`` (matrix power).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : array_like or string
+       If `data` is a string, it is interpreted as a matrix with commas
+       or spaces separating columns, and semicolons separating rows.
+    dtype : data-type
+       Data-type of the output matrix.
+    copy : bool
+       If `data` is already an `ndarray`, then this flag determines
+       whether the data is copied (the default), or whether a view is
+       constructed.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    array
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> a = np.matrix('1 2; 3 4')
+    >>> a
+    matrix([[1, 2],
+            [3, 4]])
+
+    >>> np.matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+    matrix([[1, 2],
+            [3, 4]])
+
+    """
+    __array_priority__ = 10.0
+    def __new__(subtype, data, dtype=None, copy=True):
+        warnings.warn('the matrix subclass is not the recommended way to '
+                      'represent matrices or deal with linear algebra (see '
+                      'https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/user/'
+                      'numpy-for-matlab-users.html). '
+                      'Please adjust your code to use regular ndarray.',
+                      PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        if isinstance(data, matrix):
+            dtype2 = data.dtype
+            if (dtype is None):
+                dtype = dtype2
+            if (dtype2 == dtype) and (not copy):
+                return data
+            return data.astype(dtype)
+
+        if isinstance(data, N.ndarray):
+            if dtype is None:
+                intype = data.dtype
+            else:
+                intype = N.dtype(dtype)
+            new = data.view(subtype)
+            if intype != data.dtype:
+                return new.astype(intype)
+            if copy: return new.copy()
+            else: return new
+
+        if isinstance(data, str):
+            data = _convert_from_string(data)
+
+        # now convert data to an array
+        arr = N.array(data, dtype=dtype, copy=copy)
+        ndim = arr.ndim
+        shape = arr.shape
+        if (ndim > 2):
+            raise ValueError("matrix must be 2-dimensional")
+        elif ndim == 0:
+            shape = (1, 1)
+        elif ndim == 1:
+            shape = (1, shape[0])
+
+        order = 'C'
+        if (ndim == 2) and arr.flags.fortran:
+            order = 'F'
+
+        if not (order or arr.flags.contiguous):
+            arr = arr.copy()
+
+        ret = N.ndarray.__new__(subtype, shape, arr.dtype,
+                                buffer=arr,
+                                order=order)
+        return ret
+
+    def __array_finalize__(self, obj):
+        self._getitem = False
+        if (isinstance(obj, matrix) and obj._getitem): return
+        ndim = self.ndim
+        if (ndim == 2):
+            return
+        if (ndim > 2):
+            newshape = tuple([x for x in self.shape if x > 1])
+            ndim = len(newshape)
+            if ndim == 2:
+                self.shape = newshape
+                return
+            elif (ndim > 2):
+                raise ValueError("shape too large to be a matrix.")
+        else:
+            newshape = self.shape
+        if ndim == 0:
+            self.shape = (1, 1)
+        elif ndim == 1:
+            self.shape = (1, newshape[0])
+        return
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        self._getitem = True
+
+        try:
+            out = N.ndarray.__getitem__(self, index)
+        finally:
+            self._getitem = False
+
+        if not isinstance(out, N.ndarray):
+            return out
+
+        if out.ndim == 0:
+            return out[()]
+        if out.ndim == 1:
+            sh = out.shape[0]
+            # Determine when we should have a column array
+            try:
+                n = len(index)
+            except Exception:
+                n = 0
+            if n > 1 and isscalar(index[1]):
+                out.shape = (sh, 1)
+            else:
+                out.shape = (1, sh)
+        return out
+
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, (N.ndarray, list, tuple)) :
+            # This promotes 1-D vectors to row vectors
+            return N.dot(self, asmatrix(other))
+        if isscalar(other) or not hasattr(other, '__rmul__') :
+            return N.dot(self, other)
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
+        return N.dot(other, self)
+
+    def __imul__(self, other):
+        self[:] = self * other
+        return self
+
+    def __pow__(self, other):
+        return matrix_power(self, other)
+
+    def __ipow__(self, other):
+        self[:] = self ** other
+        return self
+
+    def __rpow__(self, other):
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def _align(self, axis):
+        """A convenience function for operations that need to preserve axis
+        orientation.
+        """
+        if axis is None:
+            return self[0, 0]
+        elif axis==0:
+            return self
+        elif axis==1:
+            return self.transpose()
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("unsupported axis")
+
+    def _collapse(self, axis):
+        """A convenience function for operations that want to collapse
+        to a scalar like _align, but are using keepdims=True
+        """
+        if axis is None:
+            return self[0, 0]
+        else:
+            return self
+
+    # Necessary because base-class tolist expects dimension
+    #  reduction by x[0]
+    def tolist(self):
+        """
+        Return the matrix as a (possibly nested) list.
+
+        See `ndarray.tolist` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        ndarray.tolist
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))); x
+        matrix([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+                [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+                [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> x.tolist()
+        [[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7], [8, 9, 10, 11]]
+
+        """
+        return self.__array__().tolist()
+
+    # To preserve orientation of result...
+    def sum(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Returns the sum of the matrix elements, along the given axis.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.sum` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.sum
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This is the same as `ndarray.sum`, except that where an `ndarray` would
+        be returned, a `matrix` object is returned instead.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix([[1, 2], [4, 3]])
+        >>> x.sum()
+        10
+        >>> x.sum(axis=1)
+        matrix([[3],
+                [7]])
+        >>> x.sum(axis=1, dtype='float')
+        matrix([[3.],
+                [7.]])
+        >>> out = np.zeros((2, 1), dtype='float')
+        >>> x.sum(axis=1, dtype='float', out=np.asmatrix(out))
+        matrix([[3.],
+                [7.]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.sum(self, axis, dtype, out, keepdims=True)._collapse(axis)
+
+
+    # To update docstring from array to matrix...
+    def squeeze(self, axis=None):
+        """
+        Return a possibly reshaped matrix.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.squeeze` for more documentation.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axis : None or int or tuple of ints, optional
+            Selects a subset of the axes of length one in the shape.
+            If an axis is selected with shape entry greater than one,
+            an error is raised.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        squeezed : matrix
+            The matrix, but as a (1, N) matrix if it had shape (N, 1).
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.squeeze : related function
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        If `m` has a single column then that column is returned
+        as the single row of a matrix.  Otherwise `m` is returned.
+        The returned matrix is always either `m` itself or a view into `m`.
+        Supplying an axis keyword argument will not affect the returned matrix
+        but it may cause an error to be raised.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> c = np.matrix([[1], [2]])
+        >>> c
+        matrix([[1],
+                [2]])
+        >>> c.squeeze()
+        matrix([[1, 2]])
+        >>> r = c.T
+        >>> r
+        matrix([[1, 2]])
+        >>> r.squeeze()
+        matrix([[1, 2]])
+        >>> m = np.matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        >>> m.squeeze()
+        matrix([[1, 2],
+                [3, 4]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.squeeze(self, axis=axis)
+
+
+    # To update docstring from array to matrix...
+    def flatten(self, order='C'):
+        """
+        Return a flattened copy of the matrix.
+
+        All `N` elements of the matrix are placed into a single row.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        order : {'C', 'F', 'A', 'K'}, optional
+            'C' means to flatten in row-major (C-style) order. 'F' means to
+            flatten in column-major (Fortran-style) order. 'A' means to
+            flatten in column-major order if `m` is Fortran *contiguous* in
+            memory, row-major order otherwise. 'K' means to flatten `m` in
+            the order the elements occur in memory. The default is 'C'.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        y : matrix
+            A copy of the matrix, flattened to a `(1, N)` matrix where `N`
+            is the number of elements in the original matrix.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        ravel : Return a flattened array.
+        flat : A 1-D flat iterator over the matrix.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> m = np.matrix([[1,2], [3,4]])
+        >>> m.flatten()
+        matrix([[1, 2, 3, 4]])
+        >>> m.flatten('F')
+        matrix([[1, 3, 2, 4]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.flatten(self, order=order)
+
+    def mean(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Returns the average of the matrix elements along the given axis.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.mean` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.mean
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Same as `ndarray.mean` except that, where that returns an `ndarray`,
+        this returns a `matrix` object.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4)))
+        >>> x
+        matrix([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+                [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+                [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> x.mean()
+        5.5
+        >>> x.mean(0)
+        matrix([[4., 5., 6., 7.]])
+        >>> x.mean(1)
+        matrix([[ 1.5],
+                [ 5.5],
+                [ 9.5]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.mean(self, axis, dtype, out, keepdims=True)._collapse(axis)
+
+    def std(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=0):
+        """
+        Return the standard deviation of the array elements along the given axis.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.std` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.std
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This is the same as `ndarray.std`, except that where an `ndarray` would
+        be returned, a `matrix` object is returned instead.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4)))
+        >>> x
+        matrix([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+                [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+                [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> x.std()
+        3.4520525295346629 # may vary
+        >>> x.std(0)
+        matrix([[ 3.26598632,  3.26598632,  3.26598632,  3.26598632]]) # may vary
+        >>> x.std(1)
+        matrix([[ 1.11803399],
+                [ 1.11803399],
+                [ 1.11803399]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.std(self, axis, dtype, out, ddof, keepdims=True)._collapse(axis)
+
+    def var(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=0):
+        """
+        Returns the variance of the matrix elements, along the given axis.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.var` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.var
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This is the same as `ndarray.var`, except that where an `ndarray` would
+        be returned, a `matrix` object is returned instead.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4)))
+        >>> x
+        matrix([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+                [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+                [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> x.var()
+        11.916666666666666
+        >>> x.var(0)
+        matrix([[ 10.66666667,  10.66666667,  10.66666667,  10.66666667]]) # may vary
+        >>> x.var(1)
+        matrix([[1.25],
+                [1.25],
+                [1.25]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.var(self, axis, dtype, out, ddof, keepdims=True)._collapse(axis)
+
+    def prod(self, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Return the product of the array elements over the given axis.
+
+        Refer to `prod` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        prod, ndarray.prod
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Same as `ndarray.prod`, except, where that returns an `ndarray`, this
+        returns a `matrix` object instead.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))); x
+        matrix([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+                [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+                [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> x.prod()
+        0
+        >>> x.prod(0)
+        matrix([[  0,  45, 120, 231]])
+        >>> x.prod(1)
+        matrix([[   0],
+                [ 840],
+                [7920]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.prod(self, axis, dtype, out, keepdims=True)._collapse(axis)
+
+    def any(self, axis=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Test whether any array element along a given axis evaluates to True.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.any` for full documentation.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        axis : int, optional
+            Axis along which logical OR is performed
+        out : ndarray, optional
+            Output to existing array instead of creating new one, must have
+            same shape as expected output
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+            any : bool, ndarray
+                Returns a single bool if `axis` is ``None``; otherwise,
+                returns `ndarray`
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.any(self, axis, out, keepdims=True)._collapse(axis)
+
+    def all(self, axis=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Test whether all matrix elements along a given axis evaluate to True.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        See `numpy.all` for complete descriptions
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.all
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This is the same as `ndarray.all`, but it returns a `matrix` object.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))); x
+        matrix([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+                [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+                [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> y = x[0]; y
+        matrix([[0, 1, 2, 3]])
+        >>> (x == y)
+        matrix([[ True,  True,  True,  True],
+                [False, False, False, False],
+                [False, False, False, False]])
+        >>> (x == y).all()
+        False
+        >>> (x == y).all(0)
+        matrix([[False, False, False, False]])
+        >>> (x == y).all(1)
+        matrix([[ True],
+                [False],
+                [False]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.all(self, axis, out, keepdims=True)._collapse(axis)
+
+    def max(self, axis=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Return the maximum value along an axis.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        See `amax` for complete descriptions
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        amax, ndarray.max
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This is the same as `ndarray.max`, but returns a `matrix` object
+        where `ndarray.max` would return an ndarray.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))); x
+        matrix([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+                [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+                [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> x.max()
+        11
+        >>> x.max(0)
+        matrix([[ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> x.max(1)
+        matrix([[ 3],
+                [ 7],
+                [11]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.max(self, axis, out, keepdims=True)._collapse(axis)
+
+    def argmax(self, axis=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Indexes of the maximum values along an axis.
+
+        Return the indexes of the first occurrences of the maximum values
+        along the specified axis.  If axis is None, the index is for the
+        flattened matrix.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        See `numpy.argmax` for complete descriptions
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.argmax
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This is the same as `ndarray.argmax`, but returns a `matrix` object
+        where `ndarray.argmax` would return an `ndarray`.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))); x
+        matrix([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+                [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+                [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> x.argmax()
+        11
+        >>> x.argmax(0)
+        matrix([[2, 2, 2, 2]])
+        >>> x.argmax(1)
+        matrix([[3],
+                [3],
+                [3]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.argmax(self, axis, out)._align(axis)
+
+    def min(self, axis=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Return the minimum value along an axis.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        See `amin` for complete descriptions.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        amin, ndarray.min
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This is the same as `ndarray.min`, but returns a `matrix` object
+        where `ndarray.min` would return an ndarray.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = -np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))); x
+        matrix([[  0,  -1,  -2,  -3],
+                [ -4,  -5,  -6,  -7],
+                [ -8,  -9, -10, -11]])
+        >>> x.min()
+        -11
+        >>> x.min(0)
+        matrix([[ -8,  -9, -10, -11]])
+        >>> x.min(1)
+        matrix([[ -3],
+                [ -7],
+                [-11]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.min(self, axis, out, keepdims=True)._collapse(axis)
+
+    def argmin(self, axis=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Indexes of the minimum values along an axis.
+
+        Return the indexes of the first occurrences of the minimum values
+        along the specified axis.  If axis is None, the index is for the
+        flattened matrix.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        See `numpy.argmin` for complete descriptions.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.argmin
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This is the same as `ndarray.argmin`, but returns a `matrix` object
+        where `ndarray.argmin` would return an `ndarray`.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = -np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))); x
+        matrix([[  0,  -1,  -2,  -3],
+                [ -4,  -5,  -6,  -7],
+                [ -8,  -9, -10, -11]])
+        >>> x.argmin()
+        11
+        >>> x.argmin(0)
+        matrix([[2, 2, 2, 2]])
+        >>> x.argmin(1)
+        matrix([[3],
+                [3],
+                [3]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.argmin(self, axis, out)._align(axis)
+
+    def ptp(self, axis=None, out=None):
+        """
+        Peak-to-peak (maximum - minimum) value along the given axis.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.ptp` for full documentation.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        numpy.ptp
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Same as `ndarray.ptp`, except, where that would return an `ndarray` object,
+        this returns a `matrix` object.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))); x
+        matrix([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+                [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+                [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> x.ptp()
+        11
+        >>> x.ptp(0)
+        matrix([[8, 8, 8, 8]])
+        >>> x.ptp(1)
+        matrix([[3],
+                [3],
+                [3]])
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.ptp(self, axis, out)._align(axis)
+
+    @property
+    def I(self):
+        """
+        Returns the (multiplicative) inverse of invertible `self`.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ret : matrix object
+            If `self` is non-singular, `ret` is such that ``ret * self`` ==
+            ``self * ret`` == ``np.matrix(np.eye(self[0,:].size))`` all return
+            ``True``.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        numpy.linalg.LinAlgError: Singular matrix
+            If `self` is singular.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        linalg.inv
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> m = np.matrix('[1, 2; 3, 4]'); m
+        matrix([[1, 2],
+                [3, 4]])
+        >>> m.getI()
+        matrix([[-2. ,  1. ],
+                [ 1.5, -0.5]])
+        >>> m.getI() * m
+        matrix([[ 1.,  0.], # may vary
+                [ 0.,  1.]])
+
+        """
+        M, N = self.shape
+        if M == N:
+            from numpy.linalg import inv as func
+        else:
+            from numpy.linalg import pinv as func
+        return asmatrix(func(self))
+
+    @property
+    def A(self):
+        """
+        Return `self` as an `ndarray` object.
+
+        Equivalent to ``np.asarray(self)``.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ret : ndarray
+            `self` as an `ndarray`
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))); x
+        matrix([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+                [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+                [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> x.getA()
+        array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+               [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+               [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+
+        """
+        return self.__array__()
+
+    @property
+    def A1(self):
+        """
+        Return `self` as a flattened `ndarray`.
+
+        Equivalent to ``np.asarray(x).ravel()``
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ret : ndarray
+            `self`, 1-D, as an `ndarray`
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))); x
+        matrix([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
+                [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
+                [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
+        >>> x.getA1()
+        array([ 0,  1,  2, ...,  9, 10, 11])
+
+
+        """
+        return self.__array__().ravel()
+
+
+    def ravel(self, order='C'):
+        """
+        Return a flattened matrix.
+
+        Refer to `numpy.ravel` for more documentation.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        order : {'C', 'F', 'A', 'K'}, optional
+            The elements of `m` are read using this index order. 'C' means to
+            index the elements in C-like order, with the last axis index
+            changing fastest, back to the first axis index changing slowest.
+            'F' means to index the elements in Fortran-like index order, with
+            the first index changing fastest, and the last index changing
+            slowest. Note that the 'C' and 'F' options take no account of the
+            memory layout of the underlying array, and only refer to the order
+            of axis indexing.  'A' means to read the elements in Fortran-like
+            index order if `m` is Fortran *contiguous* in memory, C-like order
+            otherwise.  'K' means to read the elements in the order they occur
+            in memory, except for reversing the data when strides are negative.
+            By default, 'C' index order is used.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ret : matrix
+            Return the matrix flattened to shape `(1, N)` where `N`
+            is the number of elements in the original matrix.
+            A copy is made only if necessary.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        matrix.flatten : returns a similar output matrix but always a copy
+        matrix.flat : a flat iterator on the array.
+        numpy.ravel : related function which returns an ndarray
+
+        """
+        return N.ndarray.ravel(self, order=order)
+
+    @property
+    def T(self):
+        """
+        Returns the transpose of the matrix.
+
+        Does *not* conjugate!  For the complex conjugate transpose, use ``.H``.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ret : matrix object
+            The (non-conjugated) transpose of the matrix.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        transpose, getH
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> m = np.matrix('[1, 2; 3, 4]')
+        >>> m
+        matrix([[1, 2],
+                [3, 4]])
+        >>> m.getT()
+        matrix([[1, 3],
+                [2, 4]])
+
+        """
+        return self.transpose()
+
+    @property
+    def H(self):
+        """
+        Returns the (complex) conjugate transpose of `self`.
+
+        Equivalent to ``np.transpose(self)`` if `self` is real-valued.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        None
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ret : matrix object
+            complex conjugate transpose of `self`
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> x = np.matrix(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4)))
+        >>> z = x - 1j*x; z
+        matrix([[  0. +0.j,   1. -1.j,   2. -2.j,   3. -3.j],
+                [  4. -4.j,   5. -5.j,   6. -6.j,   7. -7.j],
+                [  8. -8.j,   9. -9.j,  10.-10.j,  11.-11.j]])
+        >>> z.getH()
+        matrix([[ 0. -0.j,  4. +4.j,  8. +8.j],
+                [ 1. +1.j,  5. +5.j,  9. +9.j],
+                [ 2. +2.j,  6. +6.j, 10.+10.j],
+                [ 3. +3.j,  7. +7.j, 11.+11.j]])
+
+        """
+        if issubclass(self.dtype.type, N.complexfloating):
+            return self.transpose().conjugate()
+        else:
+            return self.transpose()
+
+    # kept for compatibility
+    getT = T.fget
+    getA = A.fget
+    getA1 = A1.fget
+    getH = H.fget
+    getI = I.fget
+
+def _from_string(str, gdict, ldict):
+    rows = str.split(';')
+    rowtup = []
+    for row in rows:
+        trow = row.split(',')
+        newrow = []
+        for x in trow:
+            newrow.extend(x.split())
+        trow = newrow
+        coltup = []
+        for col in trow:
+            col = col.strip()
+            try:
+                thismat = ldict[col]
+            except KeyError:
+                try:
+                    thismat = gdict[col]
+                except KeyError as e:
+                    raise NameError(f"name {col!r} is not defined") from None
+
+            coltup.append(thismat)
+        rowtup.append(concatenate(coltup, axis=-1))
+    return concatenate(rowtup, axis=0)
+
+
+@set_module('numpy')
+def bmat(obj, ldict=None, gdict=None):
+    """
+    Build a matrix object from a string, nested sequence, or array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    obj : str or array_like
+        Input data. If a string, variables in the current scope may be
+        referenced by name.
+    ldict : dict, optional
+        A dictionary that replaces local operands in current frame.
+        Ignored if `obj` is not a string or `gdict` is None.
+    gdict : dict, optional
+        A dictionary that replaces global operands in current frame.
+        Ignored if `obj` is not a string.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : matrix
+        Returns a matrix object, which is a specialized 2-D array.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    block :
+        A generalization of this function for N-d arrays, that returns normal
+        ndarrays.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> A = np.mat('1 1; 1 1')
+    >>> B = np.mat('2 2; 2 2')
+    >>> C = np.mat('3 4; 5 6')
+    >>> D = np.mat('7 8; 9 0')
+
+    All the following expressions construct the same block matrix:
+
+    >>> np.bmat([[A, B], [C, D]])
+    matrix([[1, 1, 2, 2],
+            [1, 1, 2, 2],
+            [3, 4, 7, 8],
+            [5, 6, 9, 0]])
+    >>> np.bmat(np.r_[np.c_[A, B], np.c_[C, D]])
+    matrix([[1, 1, 2, 2],
+            [1, 1, 2, 2],
+            [3, 4, 7, 8],
+            [5, 6, 9, 0]])
+    >>> np.bmat('A,B; C,D')
+    matrix([[1, 1, 2, 2],
+            [1, 1, 2, 2],
+            [3, 4, 7, 8],
+            [5, 6, 9, 0]])
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(obj, str):
+        if gdict is None:
+            # get previous frame
+            frame = sys._getframe().f_back
+            glob_dict = frame.f_globals
+            loc_dict = frame.f_locals
+        else:
+            glob_dict = gdict
+            loc_dict = ldict
+
+        return matrix(_from_string(obj, glob_dict, loc_dict))
+
+    if isinstance(obj, (tuple, list)):
+        # [[A,B],[C,D]]
+        arr_rows = []
+        for row in obj:
+            if isinstance(row, N.ndarray):  # not 2-d
+                return matrix(concatenate(obj, axis=-1))
+            else:
+                arr_rows.append(concatenate(row, axis=-1))
+        return matrix(concatenate(arr_rows, axis=0))
+    if isinstance(obj, N.ndarray):
+        return matrix(obj)
+
+mat = asmatrix
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/defmatrix.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/defmatrix.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d0d1ee50b6600bce80f1f5b1363e5ee3102a02a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/defmatrix.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence, Mapping
+from typing import Any
+from numpy import matrix as matrix
+from numpy._typing import ArrayLike, DTypeLike, NDArray
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+def bmat(
+    obj: str | Sequence[ArrayLike] | NDArray[Any],
+    ldict: None | Mapping[str, Any] = ...,
+    gdict: None | Mapping[str, Any] = ...,
+) -> matrix[Any, Any]: ...
+
+def asmatrix(data: ArrayLike, dtype: DTypeLike = ...) -> matrix[Any, Any]: ...
+
+mat = asmatrix
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/setup.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4fed75de1cbc22357c675fd8ce2d52cbb6829b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/matrixlib/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+def configuration(parent_package='', top_path=None):
+    from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
+    config = Configuration('matrixlib', parent_package, top_path)
+    config.add_subpackage('tests')
+    config.add_data_files('*.pyi')
+    return config
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from numpy.distutils.core import setup
+    config = configuration(top_path='').todict()
+    setup(**config)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4e7baf2c683e27fca27f81e72c348fe8d225089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+"""
+A sub-package for efficiently dealing with polynomials.
+
+Within the documentation for this sub-package, a "finite power series,"
+i.e., a polynomial (also referred to simply as a "series") is represented
+by a 1-D numpy array of the polynomial's coefficients, ordered from lowest
+order term to highest.  For example, array([1,2,3]) represents
+``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``, where P_n is the n-th order basis polynomial
+applicable to the specific module in question, e.g., `polynomial` (which
+"wraps" the "standard" basis) or `chebyshev`.  For optimal performance,
+all operations on polynomials, including evaluation at an argument, are
+implemented as operations on the coefficients.  Additional (module-specific)
+information can be found in the docstring for the module of interest.
+
+This package provides *convenience classes* for each of six different kinds
+of polynomials:
+
+         ========================    ================
+         **Name**                    **Provides**
+         ========================    ================
+         `~polynomial.Polynomial`    Power series
+         `~chebyshev.Chebyshev`      Chebyshev series
+         `~legendre.Legendre`        Legendre series
+         `~laguerre.Laguerre`        Laguerre series
+         `~hermite.Hermite`          Hermite series
+         `~hermite_e.HermiteE`       HermiteE series
+         ========================    ================
+
+These *convenience classes* provide a consistent interface for creating,
+manipulating, and fitting data with polynomials of different bases.
+The convenience classes are the preferred interface for the `~numpy.polynomial`
+package, and are available from the ``numpy.polynomial`` namespace.
+This eliminates the need to navigate to the corresponding submodules, e.g.
+``np.polynomial.Polynomial`` or ``np.polynomial.Chebyshev`` instead of
+``np.polynomial.polynomial.Polynomial`` or
+``np.polynomial.chebyshev.Chebyshev``, respectively.
+The classes provide a more consistent and concise interface than the
+type-specific functions defined in the submodules for each type of polynomial.
+For example, to fit a Chebyshev polynomial with degree ``1`` to data given
+by arrays ``xdata`` and ``ydata``, the
+`~chebyshev.Chebyshev.fit` class method::
+
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import Chebyshev
+    >>> c = Chebyshev.fit(xdata, ydata, deg=1)
+
+is preferred over the `chebyshev.chebfit` function from the
+``np.polynomial.chebyshev`` module::
+
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.chebyshev import chebfit
+    >>> c = chebfit(xdata, ydata, deg=1)
+
+See :doc:`routines.polynomials.classes` for more details.
+
+Convenience Classes
+===================
+
+The following lists the various constants and methods common to all of
+the classes representing the various kinds of polynomials. In the following,
+the term ``Poly`` represents any one of the convenience classes (e.g.
+`~polynomial.Polynomial`, `~chebyshev.Chebyshev`, `~hermite.Hermite`, etc.)
+while the lowercase ``p`` represents an **instance** of a polynomial class.
+
+Constants
+---------
+
+- ``Poly.domain``     -- Default domain
+- ``Poly.window``     -- Default window
+- ``Poly.basis_name`` -- String used to represent the basis
+- ``Poly.maxpower``   -- Maximum value ``n`` such that ``p**n`` is allowed
+- ``Poly.nickname``   -- String used in printing
+
+Creation
+--------
+
+Methods for creating polynomial instances.
+
+- ``Poly.basis(degree)``    -- Basis polynomial of given degree
+- ``Poly.identity()``       -- ``p`` where ``p(x) = x`` for all ``x``
+- ``Poly.fit(x, y, deg)``   -- ``p`` of degree ``deg`` with coefficients
+  determined by the least-squares fit to the data ``x``, ``y``
+- ``Poly.fromroots(roots)`` -- ``p`` with specified roots
+- ``p.copy()``              -- Create a copy of ``p``
+
+Conversion
+----------
+
+Methods for converting a polynomial instance of one kind to another.
+
+- ``p.cast(Poly)``    -- Convert ``p`` to instance of kind ``Poly``
+- ``p.convert(Poly)`` -- Convert ``p`` to instance of kind ``Poly`` or map
+  between ``domain`` and ``window``
+
+Calculus
+--------
+- ``p.deriv()`` -- Take the derivative of ``p``
+- ``p.integ()`` -- Integrate ``p``
+
+Validation
+----------
+- ``Poly.has_samecoef(p1, p2)``   -- Check if coefficients match
+- ``Poly.has_samedomain(p1, p2)`` -- Check if domains match
+- ``Poly.has_sametype(p1, p2)``   -- Check if types match
+- ``Poly.has_samewindow(p1, p2)`` -- Check if windows match
+
+Misc
+----
+- ``p.linspace()`` -- Return ``x, p(x)`` at equally-spaced points in ``domain``
+- ``p.mapparms()`` -- Return the parameters for the linear mapping between
+  ``domain`` and ``window``.
+- ``p.roots()``    -- Return the roots of `p`.
+- ``p.trim()``     -- Remove trailing coefficients.
+- ``p.cutdeg(degree)`` -- Truncate p to given degree
+- ``p.truncate(size)`` -- Truncate p to given size
+
+"""
+from .polynomial import Polynomial
+from .chebyshev import Chebyshev
+from .legendre import Legendre
+from .hermite import Hermite
+from .hermite_e import HermiteE
+from .laguerre import Laguerre
+
+__all__ = [
+    "set_default_printstyle",
+    "polynomial", "Polynomial",
+    "chebyshev", "Chebyshev",
+    "legendre", "Legendre",
+    "hermite", "Hermite",
+    "hermite_e", "HermiteE",
+    "laguerre", "Laguerre",
+]
+
+
+def set_default_printstyle(style):
+    """
+    Set the default format for the string representation of polynomials.
+
+    Values for ``style`` must be valid inputs to ``__format__``, i.e. 'ascii'
+    or 'unicode'.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    style : str
+        Format string for default printing style. Must be either 'ascii' or
+        'unicode'.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The default format depends on the platform: 'unicode' is used on
+    Unix-based systems and 'ascii' on Windows. This determination is based on
+    default font support for the unicode superscript and subscript ranges.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> p = np.polynomial.Polynomial([1, 2, 3])
+    >>> c = np.polynomial.Chebyshev([1, 2, 3])
+    >>> np.polynomial.set_default_printstyle('unicode')
+    >>> print(p)
+    1.0 + 2.0·x + 3.0·x²
+    >>> print(c)
+    1.0 + 2.0·T₁(x) + 3.0·T₂(x)
+    >>> np.polynomial.set_default_printstyle('ascii')
+    >>> print(p)
+    1.0 + 2.0 x + 3.0 x**2
+    >>> print(c)
+    1.0 + 2.0 T_1(x) + 3.0 T_2(x)
+    >>> # Formatting supersedes all class/package-level defaults
+    >>> print(f"{p:unicode}")
+    1.0 + 2.0·x + 3.0·x²
+    """
+    if style not in ('unicode', 'ascii'):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Unsupported format string '{style}'. Valid options are 'ascii' "
+            f"and 'unicode'"
+        )
+    _use_unicode = True
+    if style == 'ascii':
+        _use_unicode = False
+    from ._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+    ABCPolyBase._use_unicode = _use_unicode
+
+
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+test = PytestTester(__name__)
+del PytestTester
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/__init__.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/__init__.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c9d1c27a96c2d8ccfeb9e378a2599c2e70003ee4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/__init__.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+
+from numpy.polynomial import (
+    chebyshev as chebyshev,
+    hermite as hermite,
+    hermite_e as hermite_e,
+    laguerre as laguerre,
+    legendre as legendre,
+    polynomial as polynomial,
+)
+from numpy.polynomial.chebyshev import Chebyshev as Chebyshev
+from numpy.polynomial.hermite import Hermite as Hermite
+from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import HermiteE as HermiteE
+from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import Laguerre as Laguerre
+from numpy.polynomial.legendre import Legendre as Legendre
+from numpy.polynomial.polynomial import Polynomial as Polynomial
+
+__all__: list[str]
+__path__: list[str]
+test: PytestTester
+
+def set_default_printstyle(style): ...
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diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/_polybase.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/_polybase.py
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9730574cf22e22823aaa0c77be9e630425cb2f79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/_polybase.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1206 @@
+"""
+Abstract base class for the various polynomial Classes.
+
+The ABCPolyBase class provides the methods needed to implement the common API
+for the various polynomial classes. It operates as a mixin, but uses the
+abc module from the stdlib, hence it is only available for Python >= 2.6.
+
+"""
+import os
+import abc
+import numbers
+
+import numpy as np
+from . import polyutils as pu
+
+__all__ = ['ABCPolyBase']
+
+class ABCPolyBase(abc.ABC):
+    """An abstract base class for immutable series classes.
+
+    ABCPolyBase provides the standard Python numerical methods
+    '+', '-', '*', '//', '%', 'divmod', '**', and '()' along with the
+    methods listed below.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coef : array_like
+        Series coefficients in order of increasing degree, i.e.,
+        ``(1, 2, 3)`` gives ``1*P_0(x) + 2*P_1(x) + 3*P_2(x)``, where
+        ``P_i`` is the basis polynomials of degree ``i``.
+    domain : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Domain to use. The interval ``[domain[0], domain[1]]`` is mapped
+        to the interval ``[window[0], window[1]]`` by shifting and scaling.
+        The default value is the derived class domain.
+    window : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Window, see domain for its use. The default value is the
+        derived class window.
+    symbol : str, optional
+        Symbol used to represent the independent variable in string 
+        representations of the polynomial expression, e.g. for printing.
+        The symbol must be a valid Python identifier. Default value is 'x'.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.24
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    coef : (N,) ndarray
+        Series coefficients in order of increasing degree.
+    domain : (2,) ndarray
+        Domain that is mapped to window.
+    window : (2,) ndarray
+        Window that domain is mapped to.
+    symbol : str
+        Symbol representing the independent variable.
+
+    Class Attributes
+    ----------------
+    maxpower : int
+        Maximum power allowed, i.e., the largest number ``n`` such that
+        ``p(x)**n`` is allowed. This is to limit runaway polynomial size.
+    domain : (2,) ndarray
+        Default domain of the class.
+    window : (2,) ndarray
+        Default window of the class.
+
+    """
+
+    # Not hashable
+    __hash__ = None
+
+    # Opt out of numpy ufuncs and Python ops with ndarray subclasses.
+    __array_ufunc__ = None
+
+    # Limit runaway size. T_n^m has degree n*m
+    maxpower = 100
+
+    # Unicode character mappings for improved __str__
+    _superscript_mapping = str.maketrans({
+        "0": "⁰",
+        "1": "¹",
+        "2": "²",
+        "3": "³",
+        "4": "⁴",
+        "5": "⁵",
+        "6": "⁶",
+        "7": "⁷",
+        "8": "⁸",
+        "9": "⁹"
+    })
+    _subscript_mapping = str.maketrans({
+        "0": "₀",
+        "1": "₁",
+        "2": "₂",
+        "3": "₃",
+        "4": "₄",
+        "5": "₅",
+        "6": "₆",
+        "7": "₇",
+        "8": "₈",
+        "9": "₉"
+    })
+    # Some fonts don't support full unicode character ranges necessary for
+    # the full set of superscripts and subscripts, including common/default
+    # fonts in Windows shells/terminals. Therefore, default to ascii-only
+    # printing on windows.
+    _use_unicode = not os.name == 'nt'
+
+    @property
+    def symbol(self):
+        return self._symbol
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def domain(self):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def window(self):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def basis_name(self):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _add(c1, c2):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _sub(c1, c2):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _mul(c1, c2):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _div(c1, c2):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _pow(c, pow, maxpower=None):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _val(x, c):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _int(c, m, k, lbnd, scl):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _der(c, m, scl):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _fit(x, y, deg, rcond, full):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _line(off, scl):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _roots(c):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _fromroots(r):
+        pass
+
+    def has_samecoef(self, other):
+        """Check if coefficients match.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        other : class instance
+            The other class must have the ``coef`` attribute.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bool : boolean
+            True if the coefficients are the same, False otherwise.
+
+        """
+        if len(self.coef) != len(other.coef):
+            return False
+        elif not np.all(self.coef == other.coef):
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def has_samedomain(self, other):
+        """Check if domains match.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        other : class instance
+            The other class must have the ``domain`` attribute.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bool : boolean
+            True if the domains are the same, False otherwise.
+
+        """
+        return np.all(self.domain == other.domain)
+
+    def has_samewindow(self, other):
+        """Check if windows match.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        other : class instance
+            The other class must have the ``window`` attribute.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bool : boolean
+            True if the windows are the same, False otherwise.
+
+        """
+        return np.all(self.window == other.window)
+
+    def has_sametype(self, other):
+        """Check if types match.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        other : object
+            Class instance.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bool : boolean
+            True if other is same class as self
+
+        """
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+
+    def _get_coefficients(self, other):
+        """Interpret other as polynomial coefficients.
+
+        The `other` argument is checked to see if it is of the same
+        class as self with identical domain and window. If so,
+        return its coefficients, otherwise return `other`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.9.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        other : anything
+            Object to be checked.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        coef
+            The coefficients of`other` if it is a compatible instance,
+            of ABCPolyBase, otherwise `other`.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        TypeError
+            When `other` is an incompatible instance of ABCPolyBase.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, ABCPolyBase):
+            if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+                raise TypeError("Polynomial types differ")
+            elif not np.all(self.domain == other.domain):
+                raise TypeError("Domains differ")
+            elif not np.all(self.window == other.window):
+                raise TypeError("Windows differ")
+            elif self.symbol != other.symbol:
+                raise ValueError("Polynomial symbols differ")
+            return other.coef
+        return other
+
+    def __init__(self, coef, domain=None, window=None, symbol='x'):
+        [coef] = pu.as_series([coef], trim=False)
+        self.coef = coef
+
+        if domain is not None:
+            [domain] = pu.as_series([domain], trim=False)
+            if len(domain) != 2:
+                raise ValueError("Domain has wrong number of elements.")
+            self.domain = domain
+
+        if window is not None:
+            [window] = pu.as_series([window], trim=False)
+            if len(window) != 2:
+                raise ValueError("Window has wrong number of elements.")
+            self.window = window
+
+        # Validation for symbol
+        try:
+            if not symbol.isidentifier():
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Symbol string must be a valid Python identifier"
+                )
+        # If a user passes in something other than a string, the above
+        # results in an AttributeError. Catch this and raise a more
+        # informative exception
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise TypeError("Symbol must be a non-empty string")
+
+        self._symbol = symbol
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        coef = repr(self.coef)[6:-1]
+        domain = repr(self.domain)[6:-1]
+        window = repr(self.window)[6:-1]
+        name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return (f"{name}({coef}, domain={domain}, window={window}, "
+                f"symbol='{self.symbol}')")
+
+    def __format__(self, fmt_str):
+        if fmt_str == '':
+            return self.__str__()
+        if fmt_str not in ('ascii', 'unicode'):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Unsupported format string '{fmt_str}' passed to "
+                f"{self.__class__}.__format__. Valid options are "
+                f"'ascii' and 'unicode'"
+            )
+        if fmt_str == 'ascii':
+            return self._generate_string(self._str_term_ascii)
+        return self._generate_string(self._str_term_unicode)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if self._use_unicode:
+            return self._generate_string(self._str_term_unicode)
+        return self._generate_string(self._str_term_ascii)
+
+    def _generate_string(self, term_method):
+        """
+        Generate the full string representation of the polynomial, using
+        ``term_method`` to generate each polynomial term.
+        """
+        # Get configuration for line breaks
+        linewidth = np.get_printoptions().get('linewidth', 75)
+        if linewidth < 1:
+            linewidth = 1
+        out = pu.format_float(self.coef[0])
+        for i, coef in enumerate(self.coef[1:]):
+            out += " "
+            power = str(i + 1)
+            # Polynomial coefficient
+            # The coefficient array can be an object array with elements that
+            # will raise a TypeError with >= 0 (e.g. strings or Python
+            # complex). In this case, represent the coefficient as-is.
+            try:
+                if coef >= 0:
+                    next_term = f"+ " + pu.format_float(coef, parens=True)
+                else:
+                    next_term = f"- " + pu.format_float(-coef, parens=True)
+            except TypeError:
+                next_term = f"+ {coef}"
+            # Polynomial term
+            next_term += term_method(power, self.symbol)
+            # Length of the current line with next term added
+            line_len = len(out.split('\n')[-1]) + len(next_term)
+            # If not the last term in the polynomial, it will be two
+            # characters longer due to the +/- with the next term
+            if i < len(self.coef[1:]) - 1:
+                line_len += 2
+            # Handle linebreaking
+            if line_len >= linewidth:
+                next_term = next_term.replace(" ", "\n", 1)
+            out += next_term
+        return out
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _str_term_unicode(cls, i, arg_str):
+        """
+        String representation of single polynomial term using unicode
+        characters for superscripts and subscripts.
+        """
+        if cls.basis_name is None:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "Subclasses must define either a basis_name, or override "
+                "_str_term_unicode(cls, i, arg_str)"
+            )
+        return (f"·{cls.basis_name}{i.translate(cls._subscript_mapping)}"
+                f"({arg_str})")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _str_term_ascii(cls, i, arg_str):
+        """
+        String representation of a single polynomial term using ** and _ to
+        represent superscripts and subscripts, respectively.
+        """
+        if cls.basis_name is None:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "Subclasses must define either a basis_name, or override "
+                "_str_term_ascii(cls, i, arg_str)"
+            )
+        return f" {cls.basis_name}_{i}({arg_str})"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _repr_latex_term(cls, i, arg_str, needs_parens):
+        if cls.basis_name is None:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "Subclasses must define either a basis name, or override "
+                "_repr_latex_term(i, arg_str, needs_parens)")
+        # since we always add parens, we don't care if the expression needs them
+        return f"{{{cls.basis_name}}}_{{{i}}}({arg_str})"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _repr_latex_scalar(x, parens=False):
+        # TODO: we're stuck with disabling math formatting until we handle
+        # exponents in this function
+        return r'\text{{{}}}'.format(pu.format_float(x, parens=parens))
+
+    def _repr_latex_(self):
+        # get the scaled argument string to the basis functions
+        off, scale = self.mapparms()
+        if off == 0 and scale == 1:
+            term = self.symbol
+            needs_parens = False
+        elif scale == 1:
+            term = f"{self._repr_latex_scalar(off)} + {self.symbol}"
+            needs_parens = True
+        elif off == 0:
+            term = f"{self._repr_latex_scalar(scale)}{self.symbol}"
+            needs_parens = True
+        else:
+            term = (
+                f"{self._repr_latex_scalar(off)} + "
+                f"{self._repr_latex_scalar(scale)}{self.symbol}"
+            )
+            needs_parens = True
+
+        mute = r"\color{{LightGray}}{{{}}}".format
+
+        parts = []
+        for i, c in enumerate(self.coef):
+            # prevent duplication of + and - signs
+            if i == 0:
+                coef_str = f"{self._repr_latex_scalar(c)}"
+            elif not isinstance(c, numbers.Real):
+                coef_str = f" + ({self._repr_latex_scalar(c)})"
+            elif not np.signbit(c):
+                coef_str = f" + {self._repr_latex_scalar(c, parens=True)}"
+            else:
+                coef_str = f" - {self._repr_latex_scalar(-c, parens=True)}"
+
+            # produce the string for the term
+            term_str = self._repr_latex_term(i, term, needs_parens)
+            if term_str == '1':
+                part = coef_str
+            else:
+                part = rf"{coef_str}\,{term_str}"
+
+            if c == 0:
+                part = mute(part)
+
+            parts.append(part)
+
+        if parts:
+            body = ''.join(parts)
+        else:
+            # in case somehow there are no coefficients at all
+            body = '0'
+
+        return rf"${self.symbol} \mapsto {body}$"
+
+
+
+    # Pickle and copy
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        ret = self.__dict__.copy()
+        ret['coef'] = self.coef.copy()
+        ret['domain'] = self.domain.copy()
+        ret['window'] = self.window.copy()
+        ret['symbol'] = self.symbol
+        return ret
+
+    def __setstate__(self, dict):
+        self.__dict__ = dict
+
+    # Call
+
+    def __call__(self, arg):
+        off, scl = pu.mapparms(self.domain, self.window)
+        arg = off + scl*arg
+        return self._val(arg, self.coef)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self.coef)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.coef)
+
+    # Numeric properties.
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        return self.__class__(
+            -self.coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol
+        )
+
+    def __pos__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        othercoef = self._get_coefficients(other)
+        try:
+            coef = self._add(self.coef, othercoef)
+        except Exception:
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__class__(coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        othercoef = self._get_coefficients(other)
+        try:
+            coef = self._sub(self.coef, othercoef)
+        except Exception:
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__class__(coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        othercoef = self._get_coefficients(other)
+        try:
+            coef = self._mul(self.coef, othercoef)
+        except Exception:
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__class__(coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other):
+        # there is no true divide if the rhs is not a Number, although it
+        # could return the first n elements of an infinite series.
+        # It is hard to see where n would come from, though.
+        if not isinstance(other, numbers.Number) or isinstance(other, bool):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"unsupported types for true division: "
+                f"'{type(self)}', '{type(other)}'"
+            )
+        return self.__floordiv__(other)
+
+    def __floordiv__(self, other):
+        res = self.__divmod__(other)
+        if res is NotImplemented:
+            return res
+        return res[0]
+
+    def __mod__(self, other):
+        res = self.__divmod__(other)
+        if res is NotImplemented:
+            return res
+        return res[1]
+
+    def __divmod__(self, other):
+        othercoef = self._get_coefficients(other)
+        try:
+            quo, rem = self._div(self.coef, othercoef)
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            raise
+        except Exception:
+            return NotImplemented
+        quo = self.__class__(quo, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+        rem = self.__class__(rem, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+        return quo, rem
+
+    def __pow__(self, other):
+        coef = self._pow(self.coef, other, maxpower=self.maxpower)
+        res = self.__class__(coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+        return res
+
+    def __radd__(self, other):
+        try:
+            coef = self._add(other, self.coef)
+        except Exception:
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__class__(coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other):
+        try:
+            coef = self._sub(other, self.coef)
+        except Exception:
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__class__(coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
+        try:
+            coef = self._mul(other, self.coef)
+        except Exception:
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__class__(coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+
+    def __rdiv__(self, other):
+        # set to __floordiv__ /.
+        return self.__rfloordiv__(other)
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other):
+        # An instance of ABCPolyBase is not considered a
+        # Number.
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other):
+        res = self.__rdivmod__(other)
+        if res is NotImplemented:
+            return res
+        return res[0]
+
+    def __rmod__(self, other):
+        res = self.__rdivmod__(other)
+        if res is NotImplemented:
+            return res
+        return res[1]
+
+    def __rdivmod__(self, other):
+        try:
+            quo, rem = self._div(other, self.coef)
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            raise
+        except Exception:
+            return NotImplemented
+        quo = self.__class__(quo, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+        rem = self.__class__(rem, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+        return quo, rem
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        res = (isinstance(other, self.__class__) and
+               np.all(self.domain == other.domain) and
+               np.all(self.window == other.window) and
+               (self.coef.shape == other.coef.shape) and
+               np.all(self.coef == other.coef) and
+               (self.symbol == other.symbol))
+        return res
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    #
+    # Extra methods.
+    #
+
+    def copy(self):
+        """Return a copy.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+            Copy of self.
+
+        """
+        return self.__class__(self.coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+
+    def degree(self):
+        """The degree of the series.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        degree : int
+            Degree of the series, one less than the number of coefficients.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+
+        Create a polynomial object for ``1 + 7*x + 4*x**2``:
+
+        >>> poly = np.polynomial.Polynomial([1, 7, 4])
+        >>> print(poly)
+        1.0 + 7.0·x + 4.0·x²
+        >>> poly.degree()
+        2
+
+        Note that this method does not check for non-zero coefficients.
+        You must trim the polynomial to remove any trailing zeroes:
+
+        >>> poly = np.polynomial.Polynomial([1, 7, 0])
+        >>> print(poly)
+        1.0 + 7.0·x + 0.0·x²
+        >>> poly.degree()
+        2
+        >>> poly.trim().degree()
+        1
+
+        """
+        return len(self) - 1
+
+    def cutdeg(self, deg):
+        """Truncate series to the given degree.
+
+        Reduce the degree of the series to `deg` by discarding the
+        high order terms. If `deg` is greater than the current degree a
+        copy of the current series is returned. This can be useful in least
+        squares where the coefficients of the high degree terms may be very
+        small.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        deg : non-negative int
+            The series is reduced to degree `deg` by discarding the high
+            order terms. The value of `deg` must be a non-negative integer.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+            New instance of series with reduced degree.
+
+        """
+        return self.truncate(deg + 1)
+
+    def trim(self, tol=0):
+        """Remove trailing coefficients
+
+        Remove trailing coefficients until a coefficient is reached whose
+        absolute value greater than `tol` or the beginning of the series is
+        reached. If all the coefficients would be removed the series is set
+        to ``[0]``. A new series instance is returned with the new
+        coefficients.  The current instance remains unchanged.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        tol : non-negative number.
+            All trailing coefficients less than `tol` will be removed.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+            New instance of series with trimmed coefficients.
+
+        """
+        coef = pu.trimcoef(self.coef, tol)
+        return self.__class__(coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+
+    def truncate(self, size):
+        """Truncate series to length `size`.
+
+        Reduce the series to length `size` by discarding the high
+        degree terms. The value of `size` must be a positive integer. This
+        can be useful in least squares where the coefficients of the
+        high degree terms may be very small.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        size : positive int
+            The series is reduced to length `size` by discarding the high
+            degree terms. The value of `size` must be a positive integer.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+            New instance of series with truncated coefficients.
+
+        """
+        isize = int(size)
+        if isize != size or isize < 1:
+            raise ValueError("size must be a positive integer")
+        if isize >= len(self.coef):
+            coef = self.coef
+        else:
+            coef = self.coef[:isize]
+        return self.__class__(coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+
+    def convert(self, domain=None, kind=None, window=None):
+        """Convert series to a different kind and/or domain and/or window.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        domain : array_like, optional
+            The domain of the converted series. If the value is None,
+            the default domain of `kind` is used.
+        kind : class, optional
+            The polynomial series type class to which the current instance
+            should be converted. If kind is None, then the class of the
+            current instance is used.
+        window : array_like, optional
+            The window of the converted series. If the value is None,
+            the default window of `kind` is used.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+            The returned class can be of different type than the current
+            instance and/or have a different domain and/or different
+            window.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Conversion between domains and class types can result in
+        numerically ill defined series.
+
+        """
+        if kind is None:
+            kind = self.__class__
+        if domain is None:
+            domain = kind.domain
+        if window is None:
+            window = kind.window
+        return self(kind.identity(domain, window=window, symbol=self.symbol))
+
+    def mapparms(self):
+        """Return the mapping parameters.
+
+        The returned values define a linear map ``off + scl*x`` that is
+        applied to the input arguments before the series is evaluated. The
+        map depends on the ``domain`` and ``window``; if the current
+        ``domain`` is equal to the ``window`` the resulting map is the
+        identity.  If the coefficients of the series instance are to be
+        used by themselves outside this class, then the linear function
+        must be substituted for the ``x`` in the standard representation of
+        the base polynomials.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        off, scl : float or complex
+            The mapping function is defined by ``off + scl*x``.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        If the current domain is the interval ``[l1, r1]`` and the window
+        is ``[l2, r2]``, then the linear mapping function ``L`` is
+        defined by the equations::
+
+            L(l1) = l2
+            L(r1) = r2
+
+        """
+        return pu.mapparms(self.domain, self.window)
+
+    def integ(self, m=1, k=[], lbnd=None):
+        """Integrate.
+
+        Return a series instance that is the definite integral of the
+        current series.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        m : non-negative int
+            The number of integrations to perform.
+        k : array_like
+            Integration constants. The first constant is applied to the
+            first integration, the second to the second, and so on. The
+            list of values must less than or equal to `m` in length and any
+            missing values are set to zero.
+        lbnd : Scalar
+            The lower bound of the definite integral.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+            A new series representing the integral. The domain is the same
+            as the domain of the integrated series.
+
+        """
+        off, scl = self.mapparms()
+        if lbnd is None:
+            lbnd = 0
+        else:
+            lbnd = off + scl*lbnd
+        coef = self._int(self.coef, m, k, lbnd, 1./scl)
+        return self.__class__(coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+
+    def deriv(self, m=1):
+        """Differentiate.
+
+        Return a series instance of that is the derivative of the current
+        series.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        m : non-negative int
+            Find the derivative of order `m`.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+            A new series representing the derivative. The domain is the same
+            as the domain of the differentiated series.
+
+        """
+        off, scl = self.mapparms()
+        coef = self._der(self.coef, m, scl)
+        return self.__class__(coef, self.domain, self.window, self.symbol)
+
+    def roots(self):
+        """Return the roots of the series polynomial.
+
+        Compute the roots for the series. Note that the accuracy of the
+        roots decreases the further outside the `domain` they lie.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        roots : ndarray
+            Array containing the roots of the series.
+
+        """
+        roots = self._roots(self.coef)
+        return pu.mapdomain(roots, self.window, self.domain)
+
+    def linspace(self, n=100, domain=None):
+        """Return x, y values at equally spaced points in domain.
+
+        Returns the x, y values at `n` linearly spaced points across the
+        domain.  Here y is the value of the polynomial at the points x. By
+        default the domain is the same as that of the series instance.
+        This method is intended mostly as a plotting aid.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        n : int, optional
+            Number of point pairs to return. The default value is 100.
+        domain : {None, array_like}, optional
+            If not None, the specified domain is used instead of that of
+            the calling instance. It should be of the form ``[beg,end]``.
+            The default is None which case the class domain is used.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        x, y : ndarray
+            x is equal to linspace(self.domain[0], self.domain[1], n) and
+            y is the series evaluated at element of x.
+
+        """
+        if domain is None:
+            domain = self.domain
+        x = np.linspace(domain[0], domain[1], n)
+        y = self(x)
+        return x, y
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fit(cls, x, y, deg, domain=None, rcond=None, full=False, w=None,
+        window=None, symbol='x'):
+        """Least squares fit to data.
+
+        Return a series instance that is the least squares fit to the data
+        `y` sampled at `x`. The domain of the returned instance can be
+        specified and this will often result in a superior fit with less
+        chance of ill conditioning.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        x : array_like, shape (M,)
+            x-coordinates of the M sample points ``(x[i], y[i])``.
+        y : array_like, shape (M,)
+            y-coordinates of the M sample points ``(x[i], y[i])``.
+        deg : int or 1-D array_like
+            Degree(s) of the fitting polynomials. If `deg` is a single integer
+            all terms up to and including the `deg`'th term are included in the
+            fit. For NumPy versions >= 1.11.0 a list of integers specifying the
+            degrees of the terms to include may be used instead.
+        domain : {None, [beg, end], []}, optional
+            Domain to use for the returned series. If ``None``,
+            then a minimal domain that covers the points `x` is chosen.  If
+            ``[]`` the class domain is used. The default value was the
+            class domain in NumPy 1.4 and ``None`` in later versions.
+            The ``[]`` option was added in numpy 1.5.0.
+        rcond : float, optional
+            Relative condition number of the fit. Singular values smaller
+            than this relative to the largest singular value will be
+            ignored. The default value is len(x)*eps, where eps is the
+            relative precision of the float type, about 2e-16 in most
+            cases.
+        full : bool, optional
+            Switch determining nature of return value. When it is False
+            (the default) just the coefficients are returned, when True
+            diagnostic information from the singular value decomposition is
+            also returned.
+        w : array_like, shape (M,), optional
+            Weights. If not None, the weight ``w[i]`` applies to the unsquared
+            residual ``y[i] - y_hat[i]`` at ``x[i]``. Ideally the weights are
+            chosen so that the errors of the products ``w[i]*y[i]`` all have
+            the same variance.  When using inverse-variance weighting, use
+            ``w[i] = 1/sigma(y[i])``.  The default value is None.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+        window : {[beg, end]}, optional
+            Window to use for the returned series. The default
+            value is the default class domain
+
+            .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+        symbol : str, optional
+            Symbol representing the independent variable. Default is 'x'.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+            A series that represents the least squares fit to the data and
+            has the domain and window specified in the call. If the
+            coefficients for the unscaled and unshifted basis polynomials are
+            of interest, do ``new_series.convert().coef``.
+
+        [resid, rank, sv, rcond] : list
+            These values are only returned if ``full == True``
+
+            - resid -- sum of squared residuals of the least squares fit
+            - rank -- the numerical rank of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+            - sv -- singular values of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+            - rcond -- value of `rcond`.
+
+            For more details, see `linalg.lstsq`.
+
+        """
+        if domain is None:
+            domain = pu.getdomain(x)
+        elif type(domain) is list and len(domain) == 0:
+            domain = cls.domain
+
+        if window is None:
+            window = cls.window
+
+        xnew = pu.mapdomain(x, domain, window)
+        res = cls._fit(xnew, y, deg, w=w, rcond=rcond, full=full)
+        if full:
+            [coef, status] = res
+            return (
+                cls(coef, domain=domain, window=window, symbol=symbol), status
+            )
+        else:
+            coef = res
+            return cls(coef, domain=domain, window=window, symbol=symbol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromroots(cls, roots, domain=[], window=None, symbol='x'):
+        """Return series instance that has the specified roots.
+
+        Returns a series representing the product
+        ``(x - r[0])*(x - r[1])*...*(x - r[n-1])``, where ``r`` is a
+        list of roots.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        roots : array_like
+            List of roots.
+        domain : {[], None, array_like}, optional
+            Domain for the resulting series. If None the domain is the
+            interval from the smallest root to the largest. If [] the
+            domain is the class domain. The default is [].
+        window : {None, array_like}, optional
+            Window for the returned series. If None the class window is
+            used. The default is None.
+        symbol : str, optional
+            Symbol representing the independent variable. Default is 'x'.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+            Series with the specified roots.
+
+        """
+        [roots] = pu.as_series([roots], trim=False)
+        if domain is None:
+            domain = pu.getdomain(roots)
+        elif type(domain) is list and len(domain) == 0:
+            domain = cls.domain
+
+        if window is None:
+            window = cls.window
+
+        deg = len(roots)
+        off, scl = pu.mapparms(domain, window)
+        rnew = off + scl*roots
+        coef = cls._fromroots(rnew) / scl**deg
+        return cls(coef, domain=domain, window=window, symbol=symbol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def identity(cls, domain=None, window=None, symbol='x'):
+        """Identity function.
+
+        If ``p`` is the returned series, then ``p(x) == x`` for all
+        values of x.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        domain : {None, array_like}, optional
+            If given, the array must be of the form ``[beg, end]``, where
+            ``beg`` and ``end`` are the endpoints of the domain. If None is
+            given then the class domain is used. The default is None.
+        window : {None, array_like}, optional
+            If given, the resulting array must be if the form
+            ``[beg, end]``, where ``beg`` and ``end`` are the endpoints of
+            the window. If None is given then the class window is used. The
+            default is None.
+        symbol : str, optional
+            Symbol representing the independent variable. Default is 'x'.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+             Series of representing the identity.
+
+        """
+        if domain is None:
+            domain = cls.domain
+        if window is None:
+            window = cls.window
+        off, scl = pu.mapparms(window, domain)
+        coef = cls._line(off, scl)
+        return cls(coef, domain, window, symbol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def basis(cls, deg, domain=None, window=None, symbol='x'):
+        """Series basis polynomial of degree `deg`.
+
+        Returns the series representing the basis polynomial of degree `deg`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        deg : int
+            Degree of the basis polynomial for the series. Must be >= 0.
+        domain : {None, array_like}, optional
+            If given, the array must be of the form ``[beg, end]``, where
+            ``beg`` and ``end`` are the endpoints of the domain. If None is
+            given then the class domain is used. The default is None.
+        window : {None, array_like}, optional
+            If given, the resulting array must be if the form
+            ``[beg, end]``, where ``beg`` and ``end`` are the endpoints of
+            the window. If None is given then the class window is used. The
+            default is None.
+        symbol : str, optional
+            Symbol representing the independent variable. Default is 'x'.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+            A series with the coefficient of the `deg` term set to one and
+            all others zero.
+
+        """
+        if domain is None:
+            domain = cls.domain
+        if window is None:
+            window = cls.window
+        ideg = int(deg)
+
+        if ideg != deg or ideg < 0:
+            raise ValueError("deg must be non-negative integer")
+        return cls([0]*ideg + [1], domain, window, symbol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cast(cls, series, domain=None, window=None):
+        """Convert series to series of this class.
+
+        The `series` is expected to be an instance of some polynomial
+        series of one of the types supported by by the numpy.polynomial
+        module, but could be some other class that supports the convert
+        method.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        series : series
+            The series instance to be converted.
+        domain : {None, array_like}, optional
+            If given, the array must be of the form ``[beg, end]``, where
+            ``beg`` and ``end`` are the endpoints of the domain. If None is
+            given then the class domain is used. The default is None.
+        window : {None, array_like}, optional
+            If given, the resulting array must be if the form
+            ``[beg, end]``, where ``beg`` and ``end`` are the endpoints of
+            the window. If None is given then the class window is used. The
+            default is None.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_series : series
+            A series of the same kind as the calling class and equal to
+            `series` when evaluated.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        convert : similar instance method
+
+        """
+        if domain is None:
+            domain = cls.domain
+        if window is None:
+            window = cls.window
+        return series.convert(domain, cls, window)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/_polybase.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/_polybase.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25c740dbedd02ca6c3f6e1beb155876a967cb57c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/_polybase.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import abc
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+class ABCPolyBase(abc.ABC):
+    __hash__: ClassVar[None]  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    __array_ufunc__: ClassVar[None]
+    maxpower: ClassVar[int]
+    coef: Any
+    @property
+    def symbol(self) -> str: ...
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def domain(self): ...
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def window(self): ...
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def basis_name(self): ...
+    def has_samecoef(self, other): ...
+    def has_samedomain(self, other): ...
+    def has_samewindow(self, other): ...
+    def has_sametype(self, other): ...
+    def __init__(self, coef, domain=..., window=..., symbol: str = ...) -> None: ...
+    def __format__(self, fmt_str): ...
+    def __call__(self, arg): ...
+    def __iter__(self): ...
+    def __len__(self): ...
+    def __neg__(self): ...
+    def __pos__(self): ...
+    def __add__(self, other): ...
+    def __sub__(self, other): ...
+    def __mul__(self, other): ...
+    def __truediv__(self, other): ...
+    def __floordiv__(self, other): ...
+    def __mod__(self, other): ...
+    def __divmod__(self, other): ...
+    def __pow__(self, other): ...
+    def __radd__(self, other): ...
+    def __rsub__(self, other): ...
+    def __rmul__(self, other): ...
+    def __rdiv__(self, other): ...
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other): ...
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other): ...
+    def __rmod__(self, other): ...
+    def __rdivmod__(self, other): ...
+    def __eq__(self, other): ...
+    def __ne__(self, other): ...
+    def copy(self): ...
+    def degree(self): ...
+    def cutdeg(self, deg): ...
+    def trim(self, tol=...): ...
+    def truncate(self, size): ...
+    def convert(self, domain=..., kind=..., window=...): ...
+    def mapparms(self): ...
+    def integ(self, m=..., k = ..., lbnd=...): ...
+    def deriv(self, m=...): ...
+    def roots(self): ...
+    def linspace(self, n=..., domain=...): ...
+    @classmethod
+    def fit(cls, x, y, deg, domain=..., rcond=..., full=..., w=..., window=...): ...
+    @classmethod
+    def fromroots(cls, roots, domain = ..., window=...): ...
+    @classmethod
+    def identity(cls, domain=..., window=...): ...
+    @classmethod
+    def basis(cls, deg, domain=..., window=...): ...
+    @classmethod
+    def cast(cls, series, domain=..., window=...): ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/chebyshev.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/chebyshev.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..efbe13e0cadb27e29bea430a858dea5110621a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/chebyshev.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2082 @@
+"""
+====================================================
+Chebyshev Series (:mod:`numpy.polynomial.chebyshev`)
+====================================================
+
+This module provides a number of objects (mostly functions) useful for
+dealing with Chebyshev series, including a `Chebyshev` class that
+encapsulates the usual arithmetic operations.  (General information
+on how this module represents and works with such polynomials is in the
+docstring for its "parent" sub-package, `numpy.polynomial`).
+
+Classes
+-------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   Chebyshev
+
+
+Constants
+---------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   chebdomain
+   chebzero
+   chebone
+   chebx
+
+Arithmetic
+----------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   chebadd
+   chebsub
+   chebmulx
+   chebmul
+   chebdiv
+   chebpow
+   chebval
+   chebval2d
+   chebval3d
+   chebgrid2d
+   chebgrid3d
+
+Calculus
+--------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   chebder
+   chebint
+
+Misc Functions
+--------------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   chebfromroots
+   chebroots
+   chebvander
+   chebvander2d
+   chebvander3d
+   chebgauss
+   chebweight
+   chebcompanion
+   chebfit
+   chebpts1
+   chebpts2
+   chebtrim
+   chebline
+   cheb2poly
+   poly2cheb
+   chebinterpolate
+
+See also
+--------
+`numpy.polynomial`
+
+Notes
+-----
+The implementations of multiplication, division, integration, and
+differentiation use the algebraic identities [1]_:
+
+.. math::
+    T_n(x) = \\frac{z^n + z^{-n}}{2} \\\\
+    z\\frac{dx}{dz} = \\frac{z - z^{-1}}{2}.
+
+where
+
+.. math:: x = \\frac{z + z^{-1}}{2}.
+
+These identities allow a Chebyshev series to be expressed as a finite,
+symmetric Laurent series.  In this module, this sort of Laurent series
+is referred to as a "z-series."
+
+References
+----------
+.. [1] A. T. Benjamin, et al., "Combinatorial Trigonometry with Chebyshev
+  Polynomials," *Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 14*, 2008
+  (https://web.archive.org/web/20080221202153/https://www.math.hmc.edu/~benjamin/papers/CombTrig.pdf, pg. 4)
+
+"""
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.linalg as la
+from numpy.core.multiarray import normalize_axis_index
+
+from . import polyutils as pu
+from ._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+
+__all__ = [
+    'chebzero', 'chebone', 'chebx', 'chebdomain', 'chebline', 'chebadd',
+    'chebsub', 'chebmulx', 'chebmul', 'chebdiv', 'chebpow', 'chebval',
+    'chebder', 'chebint', 'cheb2poly', 'poly2cheb', 'chebfromroots',
+    'chebvander', 'chebfit', 'chebtrim', 'chebroots', 'chebpts1',
+    'chebpts2', 'Chebyshev', 'chebval2d', 'chebval3d', 'chebgrid2d',
+    'chebgrid3d', 'chebvander2d', 'chebvander3d', 'chebcompanion',
+    'chebgauss', 'chebweight', 'chebinterpolate']
+
+chebtrim = pu.trimcoef
+
+#
+# A collection of functions for manipulating z-series. These are private
+# functions and do minimal error checking.
+#
+
+def _cseries_to_zseries(c):
+    """Convert Chebyshev series to z-series.
+
+    Convert a Chebyshev series to the equivalent z-series. The result is
+    never an empty array. The dtype of the return is the same as that of
+    the input. No checks are run on the arguments as this routine is for
+    internal use.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : 1-D ndarray
+        Chebyshev coefficients, ordered from low to high
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    zs : 1-D ndarray
+        Odd length symmetric z-series, ordered from  low to high.
+
+    """
+    n = c.size
+    zs = np.zeros(2*n-1, dtype=c.dtype)
+    zs[n-1:] = c/2
+    return zs + zs[::-1]
+
+
+def _zseries_to_cseries(zs):
+    """Convert z-series to a Chebyshev series.
+
+    Convert a z series to the equivalent Chebyshev series. The result is
+    never an empty array. The dtype of the return is the same as that of
+    the input. No checks are run on the arguments as this routine is for
+    internal use.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    zs : 1-D ndarray
+        Odd length symmetric z-series, ordered from  low to high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    c : 1-D ndarray
+        Chebyshev coefficients, ordered from  low to high.
+
+    """
+    n = (zs.size + 1)//2
+    c = zs[n-1:].copy()
+    c[1:n] *= 2
+    return c
+
+
+def _zseries_mul(z1, z2):
+    """Multiply two z-series.
+
+    Multiply two z-series to produce a z-series.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    z1, z2 : 1-D ndarray
+        The arrays must be 1-D but this is not checked.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    product : 1-D ndarray
+        The product z-series.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This is simply convolution. If symmetric/anti-symmetric z-series are
+    denoted by S/A then the following rules apply:
+
+    S*S, A*A -> S
+    S*A, A*S -> A
+
+    """
+    return np.convolve(z1, z2)
+
+
+def _zseries_div(z1, z2):
+    """Divide the first z-series by the second.
+
+    Divide `z1` by `z2` and return the quotient and remainder as z-series.
+    Warning: this implementation only applies when both z1 and z2 have the
+    same symmetry, which is sufficient for present purposes.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    z1, z2 : 1-D ndarray
+        The arrays must be 1-D and have the same symmetry, but this is not
+        checked.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+
+    (quotient, remainder) : 1-D ndarrays
+        Quotient and remainder as z-series.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This is not the same as polynomial division on account of the desired form
+    of the remainder. If symmetric/anti-symmetric z-series are denoted by S/A
+    then the following rules apply:
+
+    S/S -> S,S
+    A/A -> S,A
+
+    The restriction to types of the same symmetry could be fixed but seems like
+    unneeded generality. There is no natural form for the remainder in the case
+    where there is no symmetry.
+
+    """
+    z1 = z1.copy()
+    z2 = z2.copy()
+    lc1 = len(z1)
+    lc2 = len(z2)
+    if lc2 == 1:
+        z1 /= z2
+        return z1, z1[:1]*0
+    elif lc1 < lc2:
+        return z1[:1]*0, z1
+    else:
+        dlen = lc1 - lc2
+        scl = z2[0]
+        z2 /= scl
+        quo = np.empty(dlen + 1, dtype=z1.dtype)
+        i = 0
+        j = dlen
+        while i < j:
+            r = z1[i]
+            quo[i] = z1[i]
+            quo[dlen - i] = r
+            tmp = r*z2
+            z1[i:i+lc2] -= tmp
+            z1[j:j+lc2] -= tmp
+            i += 1
+            j -= 1
+        r = z1[i]
+        quo[i] = r
+        tmp = r*z2
+        z1[i:i+lc2] -= tmp
+        quo /= scl
+        rem = z1[i+1:i-1+lc2].copy()
+        return quo, rem
+
+
+def _zseries_der(zs):
+    """Differentiate a z-series.
+
+    The derivative is with respect to x, not z. This is achieved using the
+    chain rule and the value of dx/dz given in the module notes.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    zs : z-series
+        The z-series to differentiate.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    derivative : z-series
+        The derivative
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The zseries for x (ns) has been multiplied by two in order to avoid
+    using floats that are incompatible with Decimal and likely other
+    specialized scalar types. This scaling has been compensated by
+    multiplying the value of zs by two also so that the two cancels in the
+    division.
+
+    """
+    n = len(zs)//2
+    ns = np.array([-1, 0, 1], dtype=zs.dtype)
+    zs *= np.arange(-n, n+1)*2
+    d, r = _zseries_div(zs, ns)
+    return d
+
+
+def _zseries_int(zs):
+    """Integrate a z-series.
+
+    The integral is with respect to x, not z. This is achieved by a change
+    of variable using dx/dz given in the module notes.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    zs : z-series
+        The z-series to integrate
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    integral : z-series
+        The indefinite integral
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The zseries for x (ns) has been multiplied by two in order to avoid
+    using floats that are incompatible with Decimal and likely other
+    specialized scalar types. This scaling has been compensated by
+    dividing the resulting zs by two.
+
+    """
+    n = 1 + len(zs)//2
+    ns = np.array([-1, 0, 1], dtype=zs.dtype)
+    zs = _zseries_mul(zs, ns)
+    div = np.arange(-n, n+1)*2
+    zs[:n] /= div[:n]
+    zs[n+1:] /= div[n+1:]
+    zs[n] = 0
+    return zs
+
+#
+# Chebyshev series functions
+#
+
+
+def poly2cheb(pol):
+    """
+    Convert a polynomial to a Chebyshev series.
+
+    Convert an array representing the coefficients of a polynomial (relative
+    to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an
+    array of the coefficients of the equivalent Chebyshev series, ordered
+    from lowest to highest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    pol : array_like
+        1-D array containing the polynomial coefficients
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    c : ndarray
+        1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent Chebyshev
+        series.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    cheb2poly
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
+    is to use the convert method of a class instance.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy import polynomial as P
+    >>> p = P.Polynomial(range(4))
+    >>> p
+    Polynomial([0., 1., 2., 3.], domain=[-1,  1], window=[-1,  1])
+    >>> c = p.convert(kind=P.Chebyshev)
+    >>> c
+    Chebyshev([1.  , 3.25, 1.  , 0.75], domain=[-1.,  1.], window=[-1.,  1.])
+    >>> P.chebyshev.poly2cheb(range(4))
+    array([1.  , 3.25, 1.  , 0.75])
+
+    """
+    [pol] = pu.as_series([pol])
+    deg = len(pol) - 1
+    res = 0
+    for i in range(deg, -1, -1):
+        res = chebadd(chebmulx(res), pol[i])
+    return res
+
+
+def cheb2poly(c):
+    """
+    Convert a Chebyshev series to a polynomial.
+
+    Convert an array representing the coefficients of a Chebyshev series,
+    ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an array of the coefficients
+    of the equivalent polynomial (relative to the "standard" basis) ordered
+    from lowest to highest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array containing the Chebyshev series coefficients, ordered
+        from lowest order term to highest.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pol : ndarray
+        1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent polynomial
+        (relative to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest order term
+        to highest.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    poly2cheb
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
+    is to use the convert method of a class instance.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy import polynomial as P
+    >>> c = P.Chebyshev(range(4))
+    >>> c
+    Chebyshev([0., 1., 2., 3.], domain=[-1,  1], window=[-1,  1])
+    >>> p = c.convert(kind=P.Polynomial)
+    >>> p
+    Polynomial([-2., -8.,  4., 12.], domain=[-1.,  1.], window=[-1.,  1.])
+    >>> P.chebyshev.cheb2poly(range(4))
+    array([-2.,  -8.,   4.,  12.])
+
+    """
+    from .polynomial import polyadd, polysub, polymulx
+
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    n = len(c)
+    if n < 3:
+        return c
+    else:
+        c0 = c[-2]
+        c1 = c[-1]
+        # i is the current degree of c1
+        for i in range(n - 1, 1, -1):
+            tmp = c0
+            c0 = polysub(c[i - 2], c1)
+            c1 = polyadd(tmp, polymulx(c1)*2)
+        return polyadd(c0, polymulx(c1))
+
+
+#
+# These are constant arrays are of integer type so as to be compatible
+# with the widest range of other types, such as Decimal.
+#
+
+# Chebyshev default domain.
+chebdomain = np.array([-1, 1])
+
+# Chebyshev coefficients representing zero.
+chebzero = np.array([0])
+
+# Chebyshev coefficients representing one.
+chebone = np.array([1])
+
+# Chebyshev coefficients representing the identity x.
+chebx = np.array([0, 1])
+
+
+def chebline(off, scl):
+    """
+    Chebyshev series whose graph is a straight line.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    off, scl : scalars
+        The specified line is given by ``off + scl*x``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : ndarray
+        This module's representation of the Chebyshev series for
+        ``off + scl*x``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyline
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legline
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagline
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermline
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermeline
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.polynomial.chebyshev as C
+    >>> C.chebline(3,2)
+    array([3, 2])
+    >>> C.chebval(-3, C.chebline(3,2)) # should be -3
+    -3.0
+
+    """
+    if scl != 0:
+        return np.array([off, scl])
+    else:
+        return np.array([off])
+
+
+def chebfromroots(roots):
+    """
+    Generate a Chebyshev series with given roots.
+
+    The function returns the coefficients of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = (x - r_0) * (x - r_1) * ... * (x - r_n),
+
+    in Chebyshev form, where the `r_n` are the roots specified in `roots`.
+    If a zero has multiplicity n, then it must appear in `roots` n times.
+    For instance, if 2 is a root of multiplicity three and 3 is a root of
+    multiplicity 2, then `roots` looks something like [2, 2, 2, 3, 3]. The
+    roots can appear in any order.
+
+    If the returned coefficients are `c`, then
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * T_1(x) + ... +  c_n * T_n(x)
+
+    The coefficient of the last term is not generally 1 for monic
+    polynomials in Chebyshev form.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    roots : array_like
+        Sequence containing the roots.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        1-D array of coefficients.  If all roots are real then `out` is a
+        real array, if some of the roots are complex, then `out` is complex
+        even if all the coefficients in the result are real (see Examples
+        below).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermefromroots
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.polynomial.chebyshev as C
+    >>> C.chebfromroots((-1,0,1)) # x^3 - x relative to the standard basis
+    array([ 0.  , -0.25,  0.  ,  0.25])
+    >>> j = complex(0,1)
+    >>> C.chebfromroots((-j,j)) # x^2 + 1 relative to the standard basis
+    array([1.5+0.j, 0. +0.j, 0.5+0.j])
+
+    """
+    return pu._fromroots(chebline, chebmul, roots)
+
+
+def chebadd(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Add one Chebyshev series to another.
+
+    Returns the sum of two Chebyshev series `c1` + `c2`.  The arguments
+    are sequences of coefficients ordered from lowest order term to
+    highest, i.e., [1,2,3] represents the series ``T_0 + 2*T_1 + 3*T_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Chebyshev series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array representing the Chebyshev series of their sum.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebsub, chebmulx, chebmul, chebdiv, chebpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike multiplication, division, etc., the sum of two Chebyshev series
+    is a Chebyshev series (without having to "reproject" the result onto
+    the basis set) so addition, just like that of "standard" polynomials,
+    is simply "component-wise."
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import chebyshev as C
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2,1)
+    >>> C.chebadd(c1,c2)
+    array([4., 4., 4.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._add(c1, c2)
+
+
+def chebsub(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Subtract one Chebyshev series from another.
+
+    Returns the difference of two Chebyshev series `c1` - `c2`.  The
+    sequences of coefficients are from lowest order term to highest, i.e.,
+    [1,2,3] represents the series ``T_0 + 2*T_1 + 3*T_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Chebyshev series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of Chebyshev series coefficients representing their difference.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebadd, chebmulx, chebmul, chebdiv, chebpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike multiplication, division, etc., the difference of two Chebyshev
+    series is a Chebyshev series (without having to "reproject" the result
+    onto the basis set) so subtraction, just like that of "standard"
+    polynomials, is simply "component-wise."
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import chebyshev as C
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2,1)
+    >>> C.chebsub(c1,c2)
+    array([-2.,  0.,  2.])
+    >>> C.chebsub(c2,c1) # -C.chebsub(c1,c2)
+    array([ 2.,  0., -2.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._sub(c1, c2)
+
+
+def chebmulx(c):
+    """Multiply a Chebyshev series by x.
+
+    Multiply the polynomial `c` by x, where x is the independent
+    variable.
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Chebyshev series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array representing the result of the multiplication.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import chebyshev as C
+    >>> C.chebmulx([1,2,3])
+    array([1. , 2.5, 1. , 1.5])
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    # The zero series needs special treatment
+    if len(c) == 1 and c[0] == 0:
+        return c
+
+    prd = np.empty(len(c) + 1, dtype=c.dtype)
+    prd[0] = c[0]*0
+    prd[1] = c[0]
+    if len(c) > 1:
+        tmp = c[1:]/2
+        prd[2:] = tmp
+        prd[0:-2] += tmp
+    return prd
+
+
+def chebmul(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Multiply one Chebyshev series by another.
+
+    Returns the product of two Chebyshev series `c1` * `c2`.  The arguments
+    are sequences of coefficients, from lowest order "term" to highest,
+    e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series ``T_0 + 2*T_1 + 3*T_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Chebyshev series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of Chebyshev series coefficients representing their product.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebadd, chebsub, chebmulx, chebdiv, chebpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the (polynomial) product of two C-series results in terms
+    that are not in the Chebyshev polynomial basis set.  Thus, to express
+    the product as a C-series, it is typically necessary to "reproject"
+    the product onto said basis set, which typically produces
+    "unintuitive live" (but correct) results; see Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import chebyshev as C
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2,1)
+    >>> C.chebmul(c1,c2) # multiplication requires "reprojection"
+    array([  6.5,  12. ,  12. ,   4. ,   1.5])
+
+    """
+    # c1, c2 are trimmed copies
+    [c1, c2] = pu.as_series([c1, c2])
+    z1 = _cseries_to_zseries(c1)
+    z2 = _cseries_to_zseries(c2)
+    prd = _zseries_mul(z1, z2)
+    ret = _zseries_to_cseries(prd)
+    return pu.trimseq(ret)
+
+
+def chebdiv(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Divide one Chebyshev series by another.
+
+    Returns the quotient-with-remainder of two Chebyshev series
+    `c1` / `c2`.  The arguments are sequences of coefficients from lowest
+    order "term" to highest, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series
+    ``T_0 + 2*T_1 + 3*T_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Chebyshev series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    [quo, rem] : ndarrays
+        Of Chebyshev series coefficients representing the quotient and
+        remainder.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebadd, chebsub, chebmulx, chebmul, chebpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the (polynomial) division of one C-series by another
+    results in quotient and remainder terms that are not in the Chebyshev
+    polynomial basis set.  Thus, to express these results as C-series, it
+    is typically necessary to "reproject" the results onto said basis
+    set, which typically produces "unintuitive" (but correct) results;
+    see Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import chebyshev as C
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2,1)
+    >>> C.chebdiv(c1,c2) # quotient "intuitive," remainder not
+    (array([3.]), array([-8., -4.]))
+    >>> c2 = (0,1,2,3)
+    >>> C.chebdiv(c2,c1) # neither "intuitive"
+    (array([0., 2.]), array([-2., -4.]))
+
+    """
+    # c1, c2 are trimmed copies
+    [c1, c2] = pu.as_series([c1, c2])
+    if c2[-1] == 0:
+        raise ZeroDivisionError()
+
+    # note: this is more efficient than `pu._div(chebmul, c1, c2)`
+    lc1 = len(c1)
+    lc2 = len(c2)
+    if lc1 < lc2:
+        return c1[:1]*0, c1
+    elif lc2 == 1:
+        return c1/c2[-1], c1[:1]*0
+    else:
+        z1 = _cseries_to_zseries(c1)
+        z2 = _cseries_to_zseries(c2)
+        quo, rem = _zseries_div(z1, z2)
+        quo = pu.trimseq(_zseries_to_cseries(quo))
+        rem = pu.trimseq(_zseries_to_cseries(rem))
+        return quo, rem
+
+
+def chebpow(c, pow, maxpower=16):
+    """Raise a Chebyshev series to a power.
+
+    Returns the Chebyshev series `c` raised to the power `pow`. The
+    argument `c` is a sequence of coefficients ordered from low to high.
+    i.e., [1,2,3] is the series  ``T_0 + 2*T_1 + 3*T_2.``
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Chebyshev series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+    pow : integer
+        Power to which the series will be raised
+    maxpower : integer, optional
+        Maximum power allowed. This is mainly to limit growth of the series
+        to unmanageable size. Default is 16
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray
+        Chebyshev series of power.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebadd, chebsub, chebmulx, chebmul, chebdiv
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import chebyshev as C
+    >>> C.chebpow([1, 2, 3, 4], 2)
+    array([15.5, 22. , 16. , ..., 12.5, 12. ,  8. ])
+
+    """
+    # note: this is more efficient than `pu._pow(chebmul, c1, c2)`, as it
+    # avoids converting between z and c series repeatedly
+
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    power = int(pow)
+    if power != pow or power < 0:
+        raise ValueError("Power must be a non-negative integer.")
+    elif maxpower is not None and power > maxpower:
+        raise ValueError("Power is too large")
+    elif power == 0:
+        return np.array([1], dtype=c.dtype)
+    elif power == 1:
+        return c
+    else:
+        # This can be made more efficient by using powers of two
+        # in the usual way.
+        zs = _cseries_to_zseries(c)
+        prd = zs
+        for i in range(2, power + 1):
+            prd = np.convolve(prd, zs)
+        return _zseries_to_cseries(prd)
+
+
+def chebder(c, m=1, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Differentiate a Chebyshev series.
+
+    Returns the Chebyshev series coefficients `c` differentiated `m` times
+    along `axis`.  At each iteration the result is multiplied by `scl` (the
+    scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable). The argument
+    `c` is an array of coefficients from low to high degree along each
+    axis, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series ``1*T_0 + 2*T_1 + 3*T_2``
+    while [[1,2],[1,2]] represents ``1*T_0(x)*T_0(y) + 1*T_1(x)*T_0(y) +
+    2*T_0(x)*T_1(y) + 2*T_1(x)*T_1(y)`` if axis=0 is ``x`` and axis=1 is
+    ``y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        Array of Chebyshev series coefficients. If c is multidimensional
+        the different axis correspond to different variables with the
+        degree in each axis given by the corresponding index.
+    m : int, optional
+        Number of derivatives taken, must be non-negative. (Default: 1)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Each differentiation is multiplied by `scl`.  The end result is
+        multiplication by ``scl**m``.  This is for use in a linear change of
+        variable. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the derivative is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    der : ndarray
+        Chebyshev series of the derivative.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebint
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the result of differentiating a C-series needs to be
+    "reprojected" onto the C-series basis set. Thus, typically, the
+    result of this function is "unintuitive," albeit correct; see Examples
+    section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import chebyshev as C
+    >>> c = (1,2,3,4)
+    >>> C.chebder(c)
+    array([14., 12., 24.])
+    >>> C.chebder(c,3)
+    array([96.])
+    >>> C.chebder(c,scl=-1)
+    array([-14., -12., -24.])
+    >>> C.chebder(c,2,-1)
+    array([12.,  96.])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of derivation")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of derivation must be non-negative")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    n = len(c)
+    if cnt >= n:
+        c = c[:1]*0
+    else:
+        for i in range(cnt):
+            n = n - 1
+            c *= scl
+            der = np.empty((n,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=c.dtype)
+            for j in range(n, 2, -1):
+                der[j - 1] = (2*j)*c[j]
+                c[j - 2] += (j*c[j])/(j - 2)
+            if n > 1:
+                der[1] = 4*c[2]
+            der[0] = c[1]
+            c = der
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def chebint(c, m=1, k=[], lbnd=0, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Integrate a Chebyshev series.
+
+    Returns the Chebyshev series coefficients `c` integrated `m` times from
+    `lbnd` along `axis`. At each iteration the resulting series is
+    **multiplied** by `scl` and an integration constant, `k`, is added.
+    The scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable.  ("Buyer
+    beware": note that, depending on what one is doing, one may want `scl`
+    to be the reciprocal of what one might expect; for more information,
+    see the Notes section below.)  The argument `c` is an array of
+    coefficients from low to high degree along each axis, e.g., [1,2,3]
+    represents the series ``T_0 + 2*T_1 + 3*T_2`` while [[1,2],[1,2]]
+    represents ``1*T_0(x)*T_0(y) + 1*T_1(x)*T_0(y) + 2*T_0(x)*T_1(y) +
+    2*T_1(x)*T_1(y)`` if axis=0 is ``x`` and axis=1 is ``y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        Array of Chebyshev series coefficients. If c is multidimensional
+        the different axis correspond to different variables with the
+        degree in each axis given by the corresponding index.
+    m : int, optional
+        Order of integration, must be positive. (Default: 1)
+    k : {[], list, scalar}, optional
+        Integration constant(s).  The value of the first integral at zero
+        is the first value in the list, the value of the second integral
+        at zero is the second value, etc.  If ``k == []`` (the default),
+        all constants are set to zero.  If ``m == 1``, a single scalar can
+        be given instead of a list.
+    lbnd : scalar, optional
+        The lower bound of the integral. (Default: 0)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Following each integration the result is *multiplied* by `scl`
+        before the integration constant is added. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the integral is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    S : ndarray
+        C-series coefficients of the integral.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If ``m < 1``, ``len(k) > m``, ``np.ndim(lbnd) != 0``, or
+        ``np.ndim(scl) != 0``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebder
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Note that the result of each integration is *multiplied* by `scl`.
+    Why is this important to note?  Say one is making a linear change of
+    variable :math:`u = ax + b` in an integral relative to `x`.  Then
+    :math:`dx = du/a`, so one will need to set `scl` equal to
+    :math:`1/a`- perhaps not what one would have first thought.
+
+    Also note that, in general, the result of integrating a C-series needs
+    to be "reprojected" onto the C-series basis set.  Thus, typically,
+    the result of this function is "unintuitive," albeit correct; see
+    Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import chebyshev as C
+    >>> c = (1,2,3)
+    >>> C.chebint(c)
+    array([ 0.5, -0.5,  0.5,  0.5])
+    >>> C.chebint(c,3)
+    array([ 0.03125   , -0.1875    ,  0.04166667, -0.05208333,  0.01041667, # may vary
+        0.00625   ])
+    >>> C.chebint(c, k=3)
+    array([ 3.5, -0.5,  0.5,  0.5])
+    >>> C.chebint(c,lbnd=-2)
+    array([ 8.5, -0.5,  0.5,  0.5])
+    >>> C.chebint(c,scl=-2)
+    array([-1.,  1., -1., -1.])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    if not np.iterable(k):
+        k = [k]
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of integration")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of integration must be non-negative")
+    if len(k) > cnt:
+        raise ValueError("Too many integration constants")
+    if np.ndim(lbnd) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("lbnd must be a scalar.")
+    if np.ndim(scl) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("scl must be a scalar.")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    k = list(k) + [0]*(cnt - len(k))
+    for i in range(cnt):
+        n = len(c)
+        c *= scl
+        if n == 1 and np.all(c[0] == 0):
+            c[0] += k[i]
+        else:
+            tmp = np.empty((n + 1,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=c.dtype)
+            tmp[0] = c[0]*0
+            tmp[1] = c[0]
+            if n > 1:
+                tmp[2] = c[1]/4
+            for j in range(2, n):
+                tmp[j + 1] = c[j]/(2*(j + 1))
+                tmp[j - 1] -= c[j]/(2*(j - 1))
+            tmp[0] += k[i] - chebval(lbnd, tmp)
+            c = tmp
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def chebval(x, c, tensor=True):
+    """
+    Evaluate a Chebyshev series at points x.
+
+    If `c` is of length `n + 1`, this function returns the value:
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 * T_0(x) + c_1 * T_1(x) + ... + c_n * T_n(x)
+
+    The parameter `x` is converted to an array only if it is a tuple or a
+    list, otherwise it is treated as a scalar. In either case, either `x`
+    or its elements must support multiplication and addition both with
+    themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array, then `p(x)` will have the same shape as `x`.  If
+    `c` is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the
+    value of `tensor`. If `tensor` is true the shape will be c.shape[1:] +
+    x.shape. If `tensor` is false the shape will be c.shape[1:]. Note that
+    scalars have shape (,).
+
+    Trailing zeros in the coefficients will be used in the evaluation, so
+    they should be avoided if efficiency is a concern.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, compatible object
+        If `x` is a list or tuple, it is converted to an ndarray, otherwise
+        it is left unchanged and treated as a scalar. In either case, `x`
+        or its elements must support addition and multiplication with
+        themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree n are contained in c[n]. If `c` is multidimensional the
+        remaining indices enumerate multiple polynomials. In the two
+        dimensional case the coefficients may be thought of as stored in
+        the columns of `c`.
+    tensor : boolean, optional
+        If True, the shape of the coefficient array is extended with ones
+        on the right, one for each dimension of `x`. Scalars have dimension 0
+        for this action. The result is that every column of coefficients in
+        `c` is evaluated for every element of `x`. If False, `x` is broadcast
+        over the columns of `c` for the evaluation.  This keyword is useful
+        when `c` is multidimensional. The default value is True.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, algebra_like
+        The shape of the return value is described above.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebval2d, chebgrid2d, chebval3d, chebgrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The evaluation uses Clenshaw recursion, aka synthetic division.
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    if isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
+        x = np.asarray(x)
+    if isinstance(x, np.ndarray) and tensor:
+        c = c.reshape(c.shape + (1,)*x.ndim)
+
+    if len(c) == 1:
+        c0 = c[0]
+        c1 = 0
+    elif len(c) == 2:
+        c0 = c[0]
+        c1 = c[1]
+    else:
+        x2 = 2*x
+        c0 = c[-2]
+        c1 = c[-1]
+        for i in range(3, len(c) + 1):
+            tmp = c0
+            c0 = c[-i] - c1
+            c1 = tmp + c1*x2
+    return c0 + c1*x
+
+
+def chebval2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D Chebyshev series at points (x, y).
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * T_i(x) * T_j(y)
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and they
+    must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either `x`
+    and `y` or their elements must support multiplication and addition both
+    with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array a one is implicitly appended to its shape to make
+    it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] + x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points `(x, y)`,
+        where `x` and `y` must have the same shape. If `x` or `y` is a list
+        or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and if it isn't an ndarray it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term
+        of multi-degree i,j is contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has
+        dimension greater than 2 the remaining indices enumerate multiple
+        sets of coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional Chebyshev series at points formed
+        from pairs of corresponding values from `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebval, chebgrid2d, chebval3d, chebgrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(chebval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def chebgrid2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D Chebyshev series on the Cartesian product of x and y.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * T_i(a) * T_j(b),
+
+    where the points `(a, b)` consist of all pairs formed by taking
+    `a` from `x` and `b` from `y`. The resulting points form a grid with
+    `x` in the first dimension and `y` in the second.
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In either
+    case, either `x` and `y` or their elements must support multiplication
+    and addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than two dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] +
+    x.shape + y.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x` and `y`.  If `x` or `y` is a list or
+        tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term of
+        multi-degree i,j is contained in `c[i,j]`. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional Chebyshev series at points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebval, chebval2d, chebval3d, chebgrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(chebval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def chebval3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D Chebyshev series at points (x, y, z).
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y,z) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * T_i(x) * T_j(y) * T_k(z)
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if
+    they are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and
+    they must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either
+    `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support multiplication and
+    addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than 3 dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to its
+    shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible object
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points
+        `(x, y, z)`, where `x`, `y`, and `z` must have the same shape.  If
+        any of `x`, `y`, or `z` is a list or tuple, it is first converted
+        to an ndarray, otherwise it is left unchanged and if it isn't an
+        ndarray it is  treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term of
+        multi-degree i,j,k is contained in ``c[i,j,k]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than 3 the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the multidimensional polynomial on points formed with
+        triples of corresponding values from `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebval, chebval2d, chebgrid2d, chebgrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(chebval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def chebgrid3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D Chebyshev series on the Cartesian product of x, y, and z.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b,c) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * T_i(a) * T_j(b) * T_k(c)
+
+    where the points `(a, b, c)` consist of all triples formed by taking
+    `a` from `x`, `b` from `y`, and `c` from `z`. The resulting points form
+    a grid with `x` in the first dimension, `y` in the second, and `z` in
+    the third.
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if they
+    are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In
+    either case, either `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support
+    multiplication and addition both with themselves and with the elements
+    of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than three dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape + y.shape + z.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible objects
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x`, `y`, and `z`.  If `x`,`y`, or `z` is a
+        list or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is
+        left unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a
+        scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree i,j are contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points in the Cartesian
+        product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebval, chebval2d, chebgrid2d, chebval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(chebval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def chebvander(x, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degree.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degree `deg` and sample points
+    `x`. The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., i] = T_i(x),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg`. The leading indices of `V` index the elements of
+    `x` and the last index is the degree of the Chebyshev polynomial.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array of coefficients of length `n + 1` and `V` is the
+    matrix ``V = chebvander(x, n)``, then ``np.dot(V, c)`` and
+    ``chebval(x, c)`` are the same up to roundoff.  This equivalence is
+    useful both for least squares fitting and for the evaluation of a large
+    number of Chebyshev series of the same degree and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Array of points. The dtype is converted to float64 or complex128
+        depending on whether any of the elements are complex. If `x` is
+        scalar it is converted to a 1-D array.
+    deg : int
+        Degree of the resulting matrix.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander : ndarray
+        The pseudo Vandermonde matrix. The shape of the returned matrix is
+        ``x.shape + (deg + 1,)``, where The last index is the degree of the
+        corresponding Chebyshev polynomial.  The dtype will be the same as
+        the converted `x`.
+
+    """
+    ideg = pu._deprecate_as_int(deg, "deg")
+    if ideg < 0:
+        raise ValueError("deg must be non-negative")
+
+    x = np.array(x, copy=False, ndmin=1) + 0.0
+    dims = (ideg + 1,) + x.shape
+    dtyp = x.dtype
+    v = np.empty(dims, dtype=dtyp)
+    # Use forward recursion to generate the entries.
+    v[0] = x*0 + 1
+    if ideg > 0:
+        x2 = 2*x
+        v[1] = x
+        for i in range(2, ideg + 1):
+            v[i] = v[i-1]*x2 - v[i-2]
+    return np.moveaxis(v, 0, -1)
+
+
+def chebvander2d(x, y, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y)`. The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (deg[1] + 1)*i + j] = T_i(x) * T_j(y),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg[0]` and `0 <= j <= deg[1]`. The leading indices of
+    `V` index the points `(x, y)` and the last index encodes the degrees of
+    the Chebyshev polynomials.
+
+    If ``V = chebvander2d(x, y, [xdeg, ydeg])``, then the columns of `V`
+    correspond to the elements of a 2-D coefficient array `c` of shape
+    (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{00}, c_{01}, c_{02} ... , c_{10}, c_{11}, c_{12} ...
+
+    and ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``chebval2d(x, y, c)`` will be the same
+    up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 2-D Chebyshev
+    series of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes
+        will be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on
+        whether any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to
+        1-D arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander2d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg[1]+1)`.  The dtype will be the same
+        as the converted `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebvander, chebvander3d, chebval2d, chebval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((chebvander, chebvander), (x, y), deg)
+
+
+def chebvander3d(x, y, z, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y, z)`. If `l, m, n` are the given degrees in `x, y, z`,
+    then The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (m+1)(n+1)i + (n+1)j + k] = T_i(x)*T_j(y)*T_k(z),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= l`, `0 <= j <= m`, and `0 <= j <= n`.  The leading
+    indices of `V` index the points `(x, y, z)` and the last index encodes
+    the degrees of the Chebyshev polynomials.
+
+    If ``V = chebvander3d(x, y, z, [xdeg, ydeg, zdeg])``, then the columns
+    of `V` correspond to the elements of a 3-D coefficient array `c` of
+    shape (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1, zdeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{000}, c_{001}, c_{002},... , c_{010}, c_{011}, c_{012},...
+
+    and ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``chebval3d(x, y, z, c)`` will be the
+    same up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 3-D Chebyshev
+    series of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes will
+        be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on whether
+        any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to 1-D
+        arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg, z_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander3d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg[1]+1)*(deg[2]+1)`.  The dtype will
+        be the same as the converted `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebvander, chebvander3d, chebval2d, chebval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((chebvander, chebvander, chebvander), (x, y, z), deg)
+
+
+def chebfit(x, y, deg, rcond=None, full=False, w=None):
+    """
+    Least squares fit of Chebyshev series to data.
+
+    Return the coefficients of a Chebyshev series of degree `deg` that is the
+    least squares fit to the data values `y` given at points `x`. If `y` is
+    1-D the returned coefficients will also be 1-D. If `y` is 2-D multiple
+    fits are done, one for each column of `y`, and the resulting
+    coefficients are stored in the corresponding columns of a 2-D return.
+    The fitted polynomial(s) are in the form
+
+    .. math::  p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * T_1(x) + ... + c_n * T_n(x),
+
+    where `n` is `deg`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, shape (M,)
+        x-coordinates of the M sample points ``(x[i], y[i])``.
+    y : array_like, shape (M,) or (M, K)
+        y-coordinates of the sample points. Several data sets of sample
+        points sharing the same x-coordinates can be fitted at once by
+        passing in a 2D-array that contains one dataset per column.
+    deg : int or 1-D array_like
+        Degree(s) of the fitting polynomials. If `deg` is a single integer,
+        all terms up to and including the `deg`'th term are included in the
+        fit. For NumPy versions >= 1.11.0 a list of integers specifying the
+        degrees of the terms to include may be used instead.
+    rcond : float, optional
+        Relative condition number of the fit. Singular values smaller than
+        this relative to the largest singular value will be ignored. The
+        default value is len(x)*eps, where eps is the relative precision of
+        the float type, about 2e-16 in most cases.
+    full : bool, optional
+        Switch determining nature of return value. When it is False (the
+        default) just the coefficients are returned, when True diagnostic
+        information from the singular value decomposition is also returned.
+    w : array_like, shape (`M`,), optional
+        Weights. If not None, the weight ``w[i]`` applies to the unsquared
+        residual ``y[i] - y_hat[i]`` at ``x[i]``. Ideally the weights are
+        chosen so that the errors of the products ``w[i]*y[i]`` all have the
+        same variance.  When using inverse-variance weighting, use
+        ``w[i] = 1/sigma(y[i])``.  The default value is None.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray, shape (M,) or (M, K)
+        Chebyshev coefficients ordered from low to high. If `y` was 2-D,
+        the coefficients for the data in column k  of `y` are in column
+        `k`.
+
+    [residuals, rank, singular_values, rcond] : list
+        These values are only returned if ``full == True``
+
+        - residuals -- sum of squared residuals of the least squares fit
+        - rank -- the numerical rank of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - singular_values -- singular values of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - rcond -- value of `rcond`.
+
+        For more details, see `numpy.linalg.lstsq`.
+
+    Warns
+    -----
+    RankWarning
+        The rank of the coefficient matrix in the least-squares fit is
+        deficient. The warning is only raised if ``full == False``.  The
+        warnings can be turned off by
+
+        >>> import warnings
+        >>> warnings.simplefilter('ignore', np.RankWarning)
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyfit
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legfit
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagfit
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermfit
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermefit
+    chebval : Evaluates a Chebyshev series.
+    chebvander : Vandermonde matrix of Chebyshev series.
+    chebweight : Chebyshev weight function.
+    numpy.linalg.lstsq : Computes a least-squares fit from the matrix.
+    scipy.interpolate.UnivariateSpline : Computes spline fits.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The solution is the coefficients of the Chebyshev series `p` that
+    minimizes the sum of the weighted squared errors
+
+    .. math:: E = \\sum_j w_j^2 * |y_j - p(x_j)|^2,
+
+    where :math:`w_j` are the weights. This problem is solved by setting up
+    as the (typically) overdetermined matrix equation
+
+    .. math:: V(x) * c = w * y,
+
+    where `V` is the weighted pseudo Vandermonde matrix of `x`, `c` are the
+    coefficients to be solved for, `w` are the weights, and `y` are the
+    observed values.  This equation is then solved using the singular value
+    decomposition of `V`.
+
+    If some of the singular values of `V` are so small that they are
+    neglected, then a `RankWarning` will be issued. This means that the
+    coefficient values may be poorly determined. Using a lower order fit
+    will usually get rid of the warning.  The `rcond` parameter can also be
+    set to a value smaller than its default, but the resulting fit may be
+    spurious and have large contributions from roundoff error.
+
+    Fits using Chebyshev series are usually better conditioned than fits
+    using power series, but much can depend on the distribution of the
+    sample points and the smoothness of the data. If the quality of the fit
+    is inadequate splines may be a good alternative.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Wikipedia, "Curve fitting",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve_fitting
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    """
+    return pu._fit(chebvander, x, y, deg, rcond, full, w)
+
+
+def chebcompanion(c):
+    """Return the scaled companion matrix of c.
+
+    The basis polynomials are scaled so that the companion matrix is
+    symmetric when `c` is a Chebyshev basis polynomial. This provides
+    better eigenvalue estimates than the unscaled case and for basis
+    polynomials the eigenvalues are guaranteed to be real if
+    `numpy.linalg.eigvalsh` is used to obtain them.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Chebyshev series coefficients ordered from low to high
+        degree.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    mat : ndarray
+        Scaled companion matrix of dimensions (deg, deg).
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) < 2:
+        raise ValueError('Series must have maximum degree of at least 1.')
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([[-c[0]/c[1]]])
+
+    n = len(c) - 1
+    mat = np.zeros((n, n), dtype=c.dtype)
+    scl = np.array([1.] + [np.sqrt(.5)]*(n-1))
+    top = mat.reshape(-1)[1::n+1]
+    bot = mat.reshape(-1)[n::n+1]
+    top[0] = np.sqrt(.5)
+    top[1:] = 1/2
+    bot[...] = top
+    mat[:, -1] -= (c[:-1]/c[-1])*(scl/scl[-1])*.5
+    return mat
+
+
+def chebroots(c):
+    """
+    Compute the roots of a Chebyshev series.
+
+    Return the roots (a.k.a. "zeros") of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = \\sum_i c[i] * T_i(x).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : 1-D array_like
+        1-D array of coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array of the roots of the series. If all the roots are real,
+        then `out` is also real, otherwise it is complex.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyroots
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legroots
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermeroots
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The root estimates are obtained as the eigenvalues of the companion
+    matrix, Roots far from the origin of the complex plane may have large
+    errors due to the numerical instability of the series for such
+    values. Roots with multiplicity greater than 1 will also show larger
+    errors as the value of the series near such points is relatively
+    insensitive to errors in the roots. Isolated roots near the origin can
+    be improved by a few iterations of Newton's method.
+
+    The Chebyshev series basis polynomials aren't powers of `x` so the
+    results of this function may seem unintuitive.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.polynomial.chebyshev as cheb
+    >>> cheb.chebroots((-1, 1,-1, 1)) # T3 - T2 + T1 - T0 has real roots
+    array([ -5.00000000e-01,   2.60860684e-17,   1.00000000e+00]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) < 2:
+        return np.array([], dtype=c.dtype)
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([-c[0]/c[1]])
+
+    # rotated companion matrix reduces error
+    m = chebcompanion(c)[::-1,::-1]
+    r = la.eigvals(m)
+    r.sort()
+    return r
+
+
+def chebinterpolate(func, deg, args=()):
+    """Interpolate a function at the Chebyshev points of the first kind.
+
+    Returns the Chebyshev series that interpolates `func` at the Chebyshev
+    points of the first kind in the interval [-1, 1]. The interpolating
+    series tends to a minmax approximation to `func` with increasing `deg`
+    if the function is continuous in the interval.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.14.0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    func : function
+        The function to be approximated. It must be a function of a single
+        variable of the form ``f(x, a, b, c...)``, where ``a, b, c...`` are
+        extra arguments passed in the `args` parameter.
+    deg : int
+        Degree of the interpolating polynomial
+    args : tuple, optional
+        Extra arguments to be used in the function call. Default is no extra
+        arguments.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray, shape (deg + 1,)
+        Chebyshev coefficients of the interpolating series ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.polynomial.chebyshev as C
+    >>> C.chebfromfunction(lambda x: np.tanh(x) + 0.5, 8)
+    array([  5.00000000e-01,   8.11675684e-01,  -9.86864911e-17,
+            -5.42457905e-02,  -2.71387850e-16,   4.51658839e-03,
+             2.46716228e-17,  -3.79694221e-04,  -3.26899002e-16])
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    The Chebyshev polynomials used in the interpolation are orthogonal when
+    sampled at the Chebyshev points of the first kind. If it is desired to
+    constrain some of the coefficients they can simply be set to the desired
+    value after the interpolation, no new interpolation or fit is needed. This
+    is especially useful if it is known apriori that some of coefficients are
+    zero. For instance, if the function is even then the coefficients of the
+    terms of odd degree in the result can be set to zero.
+
+    """
+    deg = np.asarray(deg)
+
+    # check arguments.
+    if deg.ndim > 0 or deg.dtype.kind not in 'iu' or deg.size == 0:
+        raise TypeError("deg must be an int")
+    if deg < 0:
+        raise ValueError("expected deg >= 0")
+
+    order = deg + 1
+    xcheb = chebpts1(order)
+    yfunc = func(xcheb, *args)
+    m = chebvander(xcheb, deg)
+    c = np.dot(m.T, yfunc)
+    c[0] /= order
+    c[1:] /= 0.5*order
+
+    return c
+
+
+def chebgauss(deg):
+    """
+    Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature.
+
+    Computes the sample points and weights for Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature.
+    These sample points and weights will correctly integrate polynomials of
+    degree :math:`2*deg - 1` or less over the interval :math:`[-1, 1]` with
+    the weight function :math:`f(x) = 1/\\sqrt{1 - x^2}`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    deg : int
+        Number of sample points and weights. It must be >= 1.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    x : ndarray
+        1-D ndarray containing the sample points.
+    y : ndarray
+        1-D ndarray containing the weights.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    The results have only been tested up to degree 100, higher degrees may
+    be problematic. For Gauss-Chebyshev there are closed form solutions for
+    the sample points and weights. If n = `deg`, then
+
+    .. math:: x_i = \\cos(\\pi (2 i - 1) / (2 n))
+
+    .. math:: w_i = \\pi / n
+
+    """
+    ideg = pu._deprecate_as_int(deg, "deg")
+    if ideg <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("deg must be a positive integer")
+
+    x = np.cos(np.pi * np.arange(1, 2*ideg, 2) / (2.0*ideg))
+    w = np.ones(ideg)*(np.pi/ideg)
+
+    return x, w
+
+
+def chebweight(x):
+    """
+    The weight function of the Chebyshev polynomials.
+
+    The weight function is :math:`1/\\sqrt{1 - x^2}` and the interval of
+    integration is :math:`[-1, 1]`. The Chebyshev polynomials are
+    orthogonal, but not normalized, with respect to this weight function.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+       Values at which the weight function will be computed.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    w : ndarray
+       The weight function at `x`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    w = 1./(np.sqrt(1. + x) * np.sqrt(1. - x))
+    return w
+
+
+def chebpts1(npts):
+    """
+    Chebyshev points of the first kind.
+
+    The Chebyshev points of the first kind are the points ``cos(x)``,
+    where ``x = [pi*(k + .5)/npts for k in range(npts)]``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    npts : int
+        Number of sample points desired.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pts : ndarray
+        The Chebyshev points of the first kind.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    chebpts2
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+    """
+    _npts = int(npts)
+    if _npts != npts:
+        raise ValueError("npts must be integer")
+    if _npts < 1:
+        raise ValueError("npts must be >= 1")
+
+    x = 0.5 * np.pi / _npts * np.arange(-_npts+1, _npts+1, 2)
+    return np.sin(x)
+
+
+def chebpts2(npts):
+    """
+    Chebyshev points of the second kind.
+
+    The Chebyshev points of the second kind are the points ``cos(x)``,
+    where ``x = [pi*k/(npts - 1) for k in range(npts)]`` sorted in ascending
+    order.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    npts : int
+        Number of sample points desired.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pts : ndarray
+        The Chebyshev points of the second kind.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+    """
+    _npts = int(npts)
+    if _npts != npts:
+        raise ValueError("npts must be integer")
+    if _npts < 2:
+        raise ValueError("npts must be >= 2")
+
+    x = np.linspace(-np.pi, 0, _npts)
+    return np.cos(x)
+
+
+#
+# Chebyshev series class
+#
+
+class Chebyshev(ABCPolyBase):
+    """A Chebyshev series class.
+
+    The Chebyshev class provides the standard Python numerical methods
+    '+', '-', '*', '//', '%', 'divmod', '**', and '()' as well as the
+    methods listed below.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coef : array_like
+        Chebyshev coefficients in order of increasing degree, i.e.,
+        ``(1, 2, 3)`` gives ``1*T_0(x) + 2*T_1(x) + 3*T_2(x)``.
+    domain : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Domain to use. The interval ``[domain[0], domain[1]]`` is mapped
+        to the interval ``[window[0], window[1]]`` by shifting and scaling.
+        The default value is [-1, 1].
+    window : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Window, see `domain` for its use. The default value is [-1, 1].
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+    symbol : str, optional
+        Symbol used to represent the independent variable in string
+        representations of the polynomial expression, e.g. for printing.
+        The symbol must be a valid Python identifier. Default value is 'x'.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.24
+
+    """
+    # Virtual Functions
+    _add = staticmethod(chebadd)
+    _sub = staticmethod(chebsub)
+    _mul = staticmethod(chebmul)
+    _div = staticmethod(chebdiv)
+    _pow = staticmethod(chebpow)
+    _val = staticmethod(chebval)
+    _int = staticmethod(chebint)
+    _der = staticmethod(chebder)
+    _fit = staticmethod(chebfit)
+    _line = staticmethod(chebline)
+    _roots = staticmethod(chebroots)
+    _fromroots = staticmethod(chebfromroots)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def interpolate(cls, func, deg, domain=None, args=()):
+        """Interpolate a function at the Chebyshev points of the first kind.
+
+        Returns the series that interpolates `func` at the Chebyshev points of
+        the first kind scaled and shifted to the `domain`. The resulting series
+        tends to a minmax approximation of `func` when the function is
+        continuous in the domain.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.14.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        func : function
+            The function to be interpolated. It must be a function of a single
+            variable of the form ``f(x, a, b, c...)``, where ``a, b, c...`` are
+            extra arguments passed in the `args` parameter.
+        deg : int
+            Degree of the interpolating polynomial.
+        domain : {None, [beg, end]}, optional
+            Domain over which `func` is interpolated. The default is None, in
+            which case the domain is [-1, 1].
+        args : tuple, optional
+            Extra arguments to be used in the function call. Default is no
+            extra arguments.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        polynomial : Chebyshev instance
+            Interpolating Chebyshev instance.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        See `numpy.polynomial.chebfromfunction` for more details.
+
+        """
+        if domain is None:
+            domain = cls.domain
+        xfunc = lambda x: func(pu.mapdomain(x, cls.window, domain), *args)
+        coef = chebinterpolate(xfunc, deg)
+        return cls(coef, domain=domain)
+
+    # Virtual properties
+    domain = np.array(chebdomain)
+    window = np.array(chebdomain)
+    basis_name = 'T'
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/chebyshev.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/chebyshev.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e8113dbae780263de1bd99ae841df16a4646d761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/chebyshev.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from numpy import ndarray, dtype, int_
+from numpy.polynomial._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+from numpy.polynomial.polyutils import trimcoef
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+chebtrim = trimcoef
+
+def poly2cheb(pol): ...
+def cheb2poly(c): ...
+
+chebdomain: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+chebzero: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+chebone: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+chebx: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+
+def chebline(off, scl): ...
+def chebfromroots(roots): ...
+def chebadd(c1, c2): ...
+def chebsub(c1, c2): ...
+def chebmulx(c): ...
+def chebmul(c1, c2): ...
+def chebdiv(c1, c2): ...
+def chebpow(c, pow, maxpower=...): ...
+def chebder(c, m=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def chebint(c, m=..., k = ..., lbnd=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def chebval(x, c, tensor=...): ...
+def chebval2d(x, y, c): ...
+def chebgrid2d(x, y, c): ...
+def chebval3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def chebgrid3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def chebvander(x, deg): ...
+def chebvander2d(x, y, deg): ...
+def chebvander3d(x, y, z, deg): ...
+def chebfit(x, y, deg, rcond=..., full=..., w=...): ...
+def chebcompanion(c): ...
+def chebroots(c): ...
+def chebinterpolate(func, deg, args = ...): ...
+def chebgauss(deg): ...
+def chebweight(x): ...
+def chebpts1(npts): ...
+def chebpts2(npts): ...
+
+class Chebyshev(ABCPolyBase):
+    @classmethod
+    def interpolate(cls, func, deg, domain=..., args = ...): ...
+    domain: Any
+    window: Any
+    basis_name: Any
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..210df25f5ca3ace7aaa8c7614936e305097a6195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1703 @@
+"""
+==============================================================
+Hermite Series, "Physicists" (:mod:`numpy.polynomial.hermite`)
+==============================================================
+
+This module provides a number of objects (mostly functions) useful for
+dealing with Hermite series, including a `Hermite` class that
+encapsulates the usual arithmetic operations.  (General information
+on how this module represents and works with such polynomials is in the
+docstring for its "parent" sub-package, `numpy.polynomial`).
+
+Classes
+-------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   Hermite
+
+Constants
+---------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   hermdomain
+   hermzero
+   hermone
+   hermx
+
+Arithmetic
+----------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   hermadd
+   hermsub
+   hermmulx
+   hermmul
+   hermdiv
+   hermpow
+   hermval
+   hermval2d
+   hermval3d
+   hermgrid2d
+   hermgrid3d
+
+Calculus
+--------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   hermder
+   hermint
+
+Misc Functions
+--------------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   hermfromroots
+   hermroots
+   hermvander
+   hermvander2d
+   hermvander3d
+   hermgauss
+   hermweight
+   hermcompanion
+   hermfit
+   hermtrim
+   hermline
+   herm2poly
+   poly2herm
+
+See also
+--------
+`numpy.polynomial`
+
+"""
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.linalg as la
+from numpy.core.multiarray import normalize_axis_index
+
+from . import polyutils as pu
+from ._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+
+__all__ = [
+    'hermzero', 'hermone', 'hermx', 'hermdomain', 'hermline', 'hermadd',
+    'hermsub', 'hermmulx', 'hermmul', 'hermdiv', 'hermpow', 'hermval',
+    'hermder', 'hermint', 'herm2poly', 'poly2herm', 'hermfromroots',
+    'hermvander', 'hermfit', 'hermtrim', 'hermroots', 'Hermite',
+    'hermval2d', 'hermval3d', 'hermgrid2d', 'hermgrid3d', 'hermvander2d',
+    'hermvander3d', 'hermcompanion', 'hermgauss', 'hermweight']
+
+hermtrim = pu.trimcoef
+
+
+def poly2herm(pol):
+    """
+    poly2herm(pol)
+
+    Convert a polynomial to a Hermite series.
+
+    Convert an array representing the coefficients of a polynomial (relative
+    to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an
+    array of the coefficients of the equivalent Hermite series, ordered
+    from lowest to highest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    pol : array_like
+        1-D array containing the polynomial coefficients
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    c : ndarray
+        1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent Hermite
+        series.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    herm2poly
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
+    is to use the convert method of a class instance.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import poly2herm
+    >>> poly2herm(np.arange(4))
+    array([1.   ,  2.75 ,  0.5  ,  0.375])
+
+    """
+    [pol] = pu.as_series([pol])
+    deg = len(pol) - 1
+    res = 0
+    for i in range(deg, -1, -1):
+        res = hermadd(hermmulx(res), pol[i])
+    return res
+
+
+def herm2poly(c):
+    """
+    Convert a Hermite series to a polynomial.
+
+    Convert an array representing the coefficients of a Hermite series,
+    ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an array of the coefficients
+    of the equivalent polynomial (relative to the "standard" basis) ordered
+    from lowest to highest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array containing the Hermite series coefficients, ordered
+        from lowest order term to highest.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pol : ndarray
+        1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent polynomial
+        (relative to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest order term
+        to highest.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    poly2herm
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
+    is to use the convert method of a class instance.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import herm2poly
+    >>> herm2poly([ 1.   ,  2.75 ,  0.5  ,  0.375])
+    array([0., 1., 2., 3.])
+
+    """
+    from .polynomial import polyadd, polysub, polymulx
+
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    n = len(c)
+    if n == 1:
+        return c
+    if n == 2:
+        c[1] *= 2
+        return c
+    else:
+        c0 = c[-2]
+        c1 = c[-1]
+        # i is the current degree of c1
+        for i in range(n - 1, 1, -1):
+            tmp = c0
+            c0 = polysub(c[i - 2], c1*(2*(i - 1)))
+            c1 = polyadd(tmp, polymulx(c1)*2)
+        return polyadd(c0, polymulx(c1)*2)
+
+#
+# These are constant arrays are of integer type so as to be compatible
+# with the widest range of other types, such as Decimal.
+#
+
+# Hermite
+hermdomain = np.array([-1, 1])
+
+# Hermite coefficients representing zero.
+hermzero = np.array([0])
+
+# Hermite coefficients representing one.
+hermone = np.array([1])
+
+# Hermite coefficients representing the identity x.
+hermx = np.array([0, 1/2])
+
+
+def hermline(off, scl):
+    """
+    Hermite series whose graph is a straight line.
+
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    off, scl : scalars
+        The specified line is given by ``off + scl*x``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : ndarray
+        This module's representation of the Hermite series for
+        ``off + scl*x``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyline
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebline
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legline
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagline
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermeline
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermline, hermval
+    >>> hermval(0,hermline(3, 2))
+    3.0
+    >>> hermval(1,hermline(3, 2))
+    5.0
+
+    """
+    if scl != 0:
+        return np.array([off, scl/2])
+    else:
+        return np.array([off])
+
+
+def hermfromroots(roots):
+    """
+    Generate a Hermite series with given roots.
+
+    The function returns the coefficients of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = (x - r_0) * (x - r_1) * ... * (x - r_n),
+
+    in Hermite form, where the `r_n` are the roots specified in `roots`.
+    If a zero has multiplicity n, then it must appear in `roots` n times.
+    For instance, if 2 is a root of multiplicity three and 3 is a root of
+    multiplicity 2, then `roots` looks something like [2, 2, 2, 3, 3]. The
+    roots can appear in any order.
+
+    If the returned coefficients are `c`, then
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * H_1(x) + ... +  c_n * H_n(x)
+
+    The coefficient of the last term is not generally 1 for monic
+    polynomials in Hermite form.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    roots : array_like
+        Sequence containing the roots.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        1-D array of coefficients.  If all roots are real then `out` is a
+        real array, if some of the roots are complex, then `out` is complex
+        even if all the coefficients in the result are real (see Examples
+        below).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermefromroots
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermfromroots, hermval
+    >>> coef = hermfromroots((-1, 0, 1))
+    >>> hermval((-1, 0, 1), coef)
+    array([0.,  0.,  0.])
+    >>> coef = hermfromroots((-1j, 1j))
+    >>> hermval((-1j, 1j), coef)
+    array([0.+0.j, 0.+0.j])
+
+    """
+    return pu._fromroots(hermline, hermmul, roots)
+
+
+def hermadd(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Add one Hermite series to another.
+
+    Returns the sum of two Hermite series `c1` + `c2`.  The arguments
+    are sequences of coefficients ordered from lowest order term to
+    highest, i.e., [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array representing the Hermite series of their sum.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermsub, hermmulx, hermmul, hermdiv, hermpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike multiplication, division, etc., the sum of two Hermite series
+    is a Hermite series (without having to "reproject" the result onto
+    the basis set) so addition, just like that of "standard" polynomials,
+    is simply "component-wise."
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermadd
+    >>> hermadd([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4])
+    array([2., 4., 6., 4.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._add(c1, c2)
+
+
+def hermsub(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Subtract one Hermite series from another.
+
+    Returns the difference of two Hermite series `c1` - `c2`.  The
+    sequences of coefficients are from lowest order term to highest, i.e.,
+    [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of Hermite series coefficients representing their difference.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermadd, hermmulx, hermmul, hermdiv, hermpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike multiplication, division, etc., the difference of two Hermite
+    series is a Hermite series (without having to "reproject" the result
+    onto the basis set) so subtraction, just like that of "standard"
+    polynomials, is simply "component-wise."
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermsub
+    >>> hermsub([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3])
+    array([0.,  0.,  0.,  4.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._sub(c1, c2)
+
+
+def hermmulx(c):
+    """Multiply a Hermite series by x.
+
+    Multiply the Hermite series `c` by x, where x is the independent
+    variable.
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array representing the result of the multiplication.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermadd, hermsub, hermmul, hermdiv, hermpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The multiplication uses the recursion relationship for Hermite
+    polynomials in the form
+
+    .. math::
+
+        xP_i(x) = (P_{i + 1}(x)/2 + i*P_{i - 1}(x))
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermmulx
+    >>> hermmulx([1, 2, 3])
+    array([2. , 6.5, 1. , 1.5])
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    # The zero series needs special treatment
+    if len(c) == 1 and c[0] == 0:
+        return c
+
+    prd = np.empty(len(c) + 1, dtype=c.dtype)
+    prd[0] = c[0]*0
+    prd[1] = c[0]/2
+    for i in range(1, len(c)):
+        prd[i + 1] = c[i]/2
+        prd[i - 1] += c[i]*i
+    return prd
+
+
+def hermmul(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Multiply one Hermite series by another.
+
+    Returns the product of two Hermite series `c1` * `c2`.  The arguments
+    are sequences of coefficients, from lowest order "term" to highest,
+    e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of Hermite series coefficients representing their product.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermadd, hermsub, hermmulx, hermdiv, hermpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the (polynomial) product of two C-series results in terms
+    that are not in the Hermite polynomial basis set.  Thus, to express
+    the product as a Hermite series, it is necessary to "reproject" the
+    product onto said basis set, which may produce "unintuitive" (but
+    correct) results; see Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermmul
+    >>> hermmul([1, 2, 3], [0, 1, 2])
+    array([52.,  29.,  52.,   7.,   6.])
+
+    """
+    # s1, s2 are trimmed copies
+    [c1, c2] = pu.as_series([c1, c2])
+
+    if len(c1) > len(c2):
+        c = c2
+        xs = c1
+    else:
+        c = c1
+        xs = c2
+
+    if len(c) == 1:
+        c0 = c[0]*xs
+        c1 = 0
+    elif len(c) == 2:
+        c0 = c[0]*xs
+        c1 = c[1]*xs
+    else:
+        nd = len(c)
+        c0 = c[-2]*xs
+        c1 = c[-1]*xs
+        for i in range(3, len(c) + 1):
+            tmp = c0
+            nd = nd - 1
+            c0 = hermsub(c[-i]*xs, c1*(2*(nd - 1)))
+            c1 = hermadd(tmp, hermmulx(c1)*2)
+    return hermadd(c0, hermmulx(c1)*2)
+
+
+def hermdiv(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Divide one Hermite series by another.
+
+    Returns the quotient-with-remainder of two Hermite series
+    `c1` / `c2`.  The arguments are sequences of coefficients from lowest
+    order "term" to highest, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series
+    ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    [quo, rem] : ndarrays
+        Of Hermite series coefficients representing the quotient and
+        remainder.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermadd, hermsub, hermmulx, hermmul, hermpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the (polynomial) division of one Hermite series by another
+    results in quotient and remainder terms that are not in the Hermite
+    polynomial basis set.  Thus, to express these results as a Hermite
+    series, it is necessary to "reproject" the results onto the Hermite
+    basis set, which may produce "unintuitive" (but correct) results; see
+    Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermdiv
+    >>> hermdiv([ 52.,  29.,  52.,   7.,   6.], [0, 1, 2])
+    (array([1., 2., 3.]), array([0.]))
+    >>> hermdiv([ 54.,  31.,  52.,   7.,   6.], [0, 1, 2])
+    (array([1., 2., 3.]), array([2., 2.]))
+    >>> hermdiv([ 53.,  30.,  52.,   7.,   6.], [0, 1, 2])
+    (array([1., 2., 3.]), array([1., 1.]))
+
+    """
+    return pu._div(hermmul, c1, c2)
+
+
+def hermpow(c, pow, maxpower=16):
+    """Raise a Hermite series to a power.
+
+    Returns the Hermite series `c` raised to the power `pow`. The
+    argument `c` is a sequence of coefficients ordered from low to high.
+    i.e., [1,2,3] is the series  ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2.``
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+    pow : integer
+        Power to which the series will be raised
+    maxpower : integer, optional
+        Maximum power allowed. This is mainly to limit growth of the series
+        to unmanageable size. Default is 16
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray
+        Hermite series of power.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermadd, hermsub, hermmulx, hermmul, hermdiv
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermpow
+    >>> hermpow([1, 2, 3], 2)
+    array([81.,  52.,  82.,  12.,   9.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._pow(hermmul, c, pow, maxpower)
+
+
+def hermder(c, m=1, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Differentiate a Hermite series.
+
+    Returns the Hermite series coefficients `c` differentiated `m` times
+    along `axis`.  At each iteration the result is multiplied by `scl` (the
+    scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable). The argument
+    `c` is an array of coefficients from low to high degree along each
+    axis, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series ``1*H_0 + 2*H_1 + 3*H_2``
+    while [[1,2],[1,2]] represents ``1*H_0(x)*H_0(y) + 1*H_1(x)*H_0(y) +
+    2*H_0(x)*H_1(y) + 2*H_1(x)*H_1(y)`` if axis=0 is ``x`` and axis=1 is
+    ``y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        Array of Hermite series coefficients. If `c` is multidimensional the
+        different axis correspond to different variables with the degree in
+        each axis given by the corresponding index.
+    m : int, optional
+        Number of derivatives taken, must be non-negative. (Default: 1)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Each differentiation is multiplied by `scl`.  The end result is
+        multiplication by ``scl**m``.  This is for use in a linear change of
+        variable. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the derivative is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    der : ndarray
+        Hermite series of the derivative.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermint
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the result of differentiating a Hermite series does not
+    resemble the same operation on a power series. Thus the result of this
+    function may be "unintuitive," albeit correct; see Examples section
+    below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermder
+    >>> hermder([ 1. ,  0.5,  0.5,  0.5])
+    array([1., 2., 3.])
+    >>> hermder([-0.5,  1./2.,  1./8.,  1./12.,  1./16.], m=2)
+    array([1., 2., 3.])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of derivation")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of derivation must be non-negative")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    n = len(c)
+    if cnt >= n:
+        c = c[:1]*0
+    else:
+        for i in range(cnt):
+            n = n - 1
+            c *= scl
+            der = np.empty((n,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=c.dtype)
+            for j in range(n, 0, -1):
+                der[j - 1] = (2*j)*c[j]
+            c = der
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def hermint(c, m=1, k=[], lbnd=0, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Integrate a Hermite series.
+
+    Returns the Hermite series coefficients `c` integrated `m` times from
+    `lbnd` along `axis`. At each iteration the resulting series is
+    **multiplied** by `scl` and an integration constant, `k`, is added.
+    The scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable.  ("Buyer
+    beware": note that, depending on what one is doing, one may want `scl`
+    to be the reciprocal of what one might expect; for more information,
+    see the Notes section below.)  The argument `c` is an array of
+    coefficients from low to high degree along each axis, e.g., [1,2,3]
+    represents the series ``H_0 + 2*H_1 + 3*H_2`` while [[1,2],[1,2]]
+    represents ``1*H_0(x)*H_0(y) + 1*H_1(x)*H_0(y) + 2*H_0(x)*H_1(y) +
+    2*H_1(x)*H_1(y)`` if axis=0 is ``x`` and axis=1 is ``y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        Array of Hermite series coefficients. If c is multidimensional the
+        different axis correspond to different variables with the degree in
+        each axis given by the corresponding index.
+    m : int, optional
+        Order of integration, must be positive. (Default: 1)
+    k : {[], list, scalar}, optional
+        Integration constant(s).  The value of the first integral at
+        ``lbnd`` is the first value in the list, the value of the second
+        integral at ``lbnd`` is the second value, etc.  If ``k == []`` (the
+        default), all constants are set to zero.  If ``m == 1``, a single
+        scalar can be given instead of a list.
+    lbnd : scalar, optional
+        The lower bound of the integral. (Default: 0)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Following each integration the result is *multiplied* by `scl`
+        before the integration constant is added. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the integral is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    S : ndarray
+        Hermite series coefficients of the integral.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If ``m < 0``, ``len(k) > m``, ``np.ndim(lbnd) != 0``, or
+        ``np.ndim(scl) != 0``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermder
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Note that the result of each integration is *multiplied* by `scl`.
+    Why is this important to note?  Say one is making a linear change of
+    variable :math:`u = ax + b` in an integral relative to `x`.  Then
+    :math:`dx = du/a`, so one will need to set `scl` equal to
+    :math:`1/a` - perhaps not what one would have first thought.
+
+    Also note that, in general, the result of integrating a C-series needs
+    to be "reprojected" onto the C-series basis set.  Thus, typically,
+    the result of this function is "unintuitive," albeit correct; see
+    Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermint
+    >>> hermint([1,2,3]) # integrate once, value 0 at 0.
+    array([1. , 0.5, 0.5, 0.5])
+    >>> hermint([1,2,3], m=2) # integrate twice, value & deriv 0 at 0
+    array([-0.5       ,  0.5       ,  0.125     ,  0.08333333,  0.0625    ]) # may vary
+    >>> hermint([1,2,3], k=1) # integrate once, value 1 at 0.
+    array([2. , 0.5, 0.5, 0.5])
+    >>> hermint([1,2,3], lbnd=-1) # integrate once, value 0 at -1
+    array([-2. ,  0.5,  0.5,  0.5])
+    >>> hermint([1,2,3], m=2, k=[1,2], lbnd=-1)
+    array([ 1.66666667, -0.5       ,  0.125     ,  0.08333333,  0.0625    ]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    if not np.iterable(k):
+        k = [k]
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of integration")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of integration must be non-negative")
+    if len(k) > cnt:
+        raise ValueError("Too many integration constants")
+    if np.ndim(lbnd) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("lbnd must be a scalar.")
+    if np.ndim(scl) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("scl must be a scalar.")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    k = list(k) + [0]*(cnt - len(k))
+    for i in range(cnt):
+        n = len(c)
+        c *= scl
+        if n == 1 and np.all(c[0] == 0):
+            c[0] += k[i]
+        else:
+            tmp = np.empty((n + 1,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=c.dtype)
+            tmp[0] = c[0]*0
+            tmp[1] = c[0]/2
+            for j in range(1, n):
+                tmp[j + 1] = c[j]/(2*(j + 1))
+            tmp[0] += k[i] - hermval(lbnd, tmp)
+            c = tmp
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def hermval(x, c, tensor=True):
+    """
+    Evaluate an Hermite series at points x.
+
+    If `c` is of length `n + 1`, this function returns the value:
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 * H_0(x) + c_1 * H_1(x) + ... + c_n * H_n(x)
+
+    The parameter `x` is converted to an array only if it is a tuple or a
+    list, otherwise it is treated as a scalar. In either case, either `x`
+    or its elements must support multiplication and addition both with
+    themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array, then `p(x)` will have the same shape as `x`.  If
+    `c` is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the
+    value of `tensor`. If `tensor` is true the shape will be c.shape[1:] +
+    x.shape. If `tensor` is false the shape will be c.shape[1:]. Note that
+    scalars have shape (,).
+
+    Trailing zeros in the coefficients will be used in the evaluation, so
+    they should be avoided if efficiency is a concern.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, compatible object
+        If `x` is a list or tuple, it is converted to an ndarray, otherwise
+        it is left unchanged and treated as a scalar. In either case, `x`
+        or its elements must support addition and multiplication with
+        themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree n are contained in c[n]. If `c` is multidimensional the
+        remaining indices enumerate multiple polynomials. In the two
+        dimensional case the coefficients may be thought of as stored in
+        the columns of `c`.
+    tensor : boolean, optional
+        If True, the shape of the coefficient array is extended with ones
+        on the right, one for each dimension of `x`. Scalars have dimension 0
+        for this action. The result is that every column of coefficients in
+        `c` is evaluated for every element of `x`. If False, `x` is broadcast
+        over the columns of `c` for the evaluation.  This keyword is useful
+        when `c` is multidimensional. The default value is True.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, algebra_like
+        The shape of the return value is described above.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermval2d, hermgrid2d, hermval3d, hermgrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The evaluation uses Clenshaw recursion, aka synthetic division.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermval
+    >>> coef = [1,2,3]
+    >>> hermval(1, coef)
+    11.0
+    >>> hermval([[1,2],[3,4]], coef)
+    array([[ 11.,   51.],
+           [115.,  203.]])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=False)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    if isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
+        x = np.asarray(x)
+    if isinstance(x, np.ndarray) and tensor:
+        c = c.reshape(c.shape + (1,)*x.ndim)
+
+    x2 = x*2
+    if len(c) == 1:
+        c0 = c[0]
+        c1 = 0
+    elif len(c) == 2:
+        c0 = c[0]
+        c1 = c[1]
+    else:
+        nd = len(c)
+        c0 = c[-2]
+        c1 = c[-1]
+        for i in range(3, len(c) + 1):
+            tmp = c0
+            nd = nd - 1
+            c0 = c[-i] - c1*(2*(nd - 1))
+            c1 = tmp + c1*x2
+    return c0 + c1*x2
+
+
+def hermval2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D Hermite series at points (x, y).
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * H_i(x) * H_j(y)
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and they
+    must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either `x`
+    and `y` or their elements must support multiplication and addition both
+    with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array a one is implicitly appended to its shape to make
+    it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] + x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points `(x, y)`,
+        where `x` and `y` must have the same shape. If `x` or `y` is a list
+        or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and if it isn't an ndarray it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term
+        of multi-degree i,j is contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has
+        dimension greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple
+        sets of coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points formed with
+        pairs of corresponding values from `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermval, hermgrid2d, hermval3d, hermgrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(hermval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def hermgrid2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D Hermite series on the Cartesian product of x and y.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * H_i(a) * H_j(b)
+
+    where the points `(a, b)` consist of all pairs formed by taking
+    `a` from `x` and `b` from `y`. The resulting points form a grid with
+    `x` in the first dimension and `y` in the second.
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In either
+    case, either `x` and `y` or their elements must support multiplication
+    and addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than two dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] +
+    x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x` and `y`.  If `x` or `y` is a list or
+        tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree i,j are contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points in the Cartesian
+        product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermval, hermval2d, hermval3d, hermgrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(hermval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def hermval3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D Hermite series at points (x, y, z).
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y,z) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * H_i(x) * H_j(y) * H_k(z)
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if
+    they are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and
+    they must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either
+    `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support multiplication and
+    addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than 3 dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to its
+    shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible object
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points
+        `(x, y, z)`, where `x`, `y`, and `z` must have the same shape.  If
+        any of `x`, `y`, or `z` is a list or tuple, it is first converted
+        to an ndarray, otherwise it is left unchanged and if it isn't an
+        ndarray it is  treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term of
+        multi-degree i,j,k is contained in ``c[i,j,k]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than 3 the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the multidimensional polynomial on points formed with
+        triples of corresponding values from `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermval, hermval2d, hermgrid2d, hermgrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(hermval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def hermgrid3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D Hermite series on the Cartesian product of x, y, and z.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b,c) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * H_i(a) * H_j(b) * H_k(c)
+
+    where the points `(a, b, c)` consist of all triples formed by taking
+    `a` from `x`, `b` from `y`, and `c` from `z`. The resulting points form
+    a grid with `x` in the first dimension, `y` in the second, and `z` in
+    the third.
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if they
+    are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In
+    either case, either `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support
+    multiplication and addition both with themselves and with the elements
+    of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than three dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape + y.shape + z.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible objects
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x`, `y`, and `z`.  If `x`,`y`, or `z` is a
+        list or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is
+        left unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a
+        scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree i,j are contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points in the Cartesian
+        product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermval, hermval2d, hermgrid2d, hermval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(hermval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def hermvander(x, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degree.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degree `deg` and sample points
+    `x`. The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., i] = H_i(x),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg`. The leading indices of `V` index the elements of
+    `x` and the last index is the degree of the Hermite polynomial.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array of coefficients of length `n + 1` and `V` is the
+    array ``V = hermvander(x, n)``, then ``np.dot(V, c)`` and
+    ``hermval(x, c)`` are the same up to roundoff. This equivalence is
+    useful both for least squares fitting and for the evaluation of a large
+    number of Hermite series of the same degree and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Array of points. The dtype is converted to float64 or complex128
+        depending on whether any of the elements are complex. If `x` is
+        scalar it is converted to a 1-D array.
+    deg : int
+        Degree of the resulting matrix.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander : ndarray
+        The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix. The shape of the returned matrix is
+        ``x.shape + (deg + 1,)``, where The last index is the degree of the
+        corresponding Hermite polynomial.  The dtype will be the same as
+        the converted `x`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermvander
+    >>> x = np.array([-1, 0, 1])
+    >>> hermvander(x, 3)
+    array([[ 1., -2.,  2.,  4.],
+           [ 1.,  0., -2., -0.],
+           [ 1.,  2.,  2., -4.]])
+
+    """
+    ideg = pu._deprecate_as_int(deg, "deg")
+    if ideg < 0:
+        raise ValueError("deg must be non-negative")
+
+    x = np.array(x, copy=False, ndmin=1) + 0.0
+    dims = (ideg + 1,) + x.shape
+    dtyp = x.dtype
+    v = np.empty(dims, dtype=dtyp)
+    v[0] = x*0 + 1
+    if ideg > 0:
+        x2 = x*2
+        v[1] = x2
+        for i in range(2, ideg + 1):
+            v[i] = (v[i-1]*x2 - v[i-2]*(2*(i - 1)))
+    return np.moveaxis(v, 0, -1)
+
+
+def hermvander2d(x, y, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y)`. The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (deg[1] + 1)*i + j] = H_i(x) * H_j(y),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg[0]` and `0 <= j <= deg[1]`. The leading indices of
+    `V` index the points `(x, y)` and the last index encodes the degrees of
+    the Hermite polynomials.
+
+    If ``V = hermvander2d(x, y, [xdeg, ydeg])``, then the columns of `V`
+    correspond to the elements of a 2-D coefficient array `c` of shape
+    (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{00}, c_{01}, c_{02} ... , c_{10}, c_{11}, c_{12} ...
+
+    and ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``hermval2d(x, y, c)`` will be the same
+    up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 2-D Hermite
+    series of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes
+        will be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on
+        whether any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to 1-D
+        arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander2d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg[1]+1)`.  The dtype will be the same
+        as the converted `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermvander, hermvander3d, hermval2d, hermval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((hermvander, hermvander), (x, y), deg)
+
+
+def hermvander3d(x, y, z, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y, z)`. If `l, m, n` are the given degrees in `x, y, z`,
+    then The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (m+1)(n+1)i + (n+1)j + k] = H_i(x)*H_j(y)*H_k(z),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= l`, `0 <= j <= m`, and `0 <= j <= n`.  The leading
+    indices of `V` index the points `(x, y, z)` and the last index encodes
+    the degrees of the Hermite polynomials.
+
+    If ``V = hermvander3d(x, y, z, [xdeg, ydeg, zdeg])``, then the columns
+    of `V` correspond to the elements of a 3-D coefficient array `c` of
+    shape (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1, zdeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{000}, c_{001}, c_{002},... , c_{010}, c_{011}, c_{012},...
+
+    and  ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``hermval3d(x, y, z, c)`` will be the
+    same up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 3-D Hermite
+    series of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes will
+        be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on whether
+        any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to 1-D
+        arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg, z_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander3d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg[1]+1)*(deg[2]+1)`.  The dtype will
+        be the same as the converted `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermvander, hermvander3d, hermval2d, hermval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((hermvander, hermvander, hermvander), (x, y, z), deg)
+
+
+def hermfit(x, y, deg, rcond=None, full=False, w=None):
+    """
+    Least squares fit of Hermite series to data.
+
+    Return the coefficients of a Hermite series of degree `deg` that is the
+    least squares fit to the data values `y` given at points `x`. If `y` is
+    1-D the returned coefficients will also be 1-D. If `y` is 2-D multiple
+    fits are done, one for each column of `y`, and the resulting
+    coefficients are stored in the corresponding columns of a 2-D return.
+    The fitted polynomial(s) are in the form
+
+    .. math::  p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * H_1(x) + ... + c_n * H_n(x),
+
+    where `n` is `deg`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, shape (M,)
+        x-coordinates of the M sample points ``(x[i], y[i])``.
+    y : array_like, shape (M,) or (M, K)
+        y-coordinates of the sample points. Several data sets of sample
+        points sharing the same x-coordinates can be fitted at once by
+        passing in a 2D-array that contains one dataset per column.
+    deg : int or 1-D array_like
+        Degree(s) of the fitting polynomials. If `deg` is a single integer
+        all terms up to and including the `deg`'th term are included in the
+        fit. For NumPy versions >= 1.11.0 a list of integers specifying the
+        degrees of the terms to include may be used instead.
+    rcond : float, optional
+        Relative condition number of the fit. Singular values smaller than
+        this relative to the largest singular value will be ignored. The
+        default value is len(x)*eps, where eps is the relative precision of
+        the float type, about 2e-16 in most cases.
+    full : bool, optional
+        Switch determining nature of return value. When it is False (the
+        default) just the coefficients are returned, when True diagnostic
+        information from the singular value decomposition is also returned.
+    w : array_like, shape (`M`,), optional
+        Weights. If not None, the weight ``w[i]`` applies to the unsquared
+        residual ``y[i] - y_hat[i]`` at ``x[i]``. Ideally the weights are
+        chosen so that the errors of the products ``w[i]*y[i]`` all have the
+        same variance.  When using inverse-variance weighting, use
+        ``w[i] = 1/sigma(y[i])``.  The default value is None.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray, shape (M,) or (M, K)
+        Hermite coefficients ordered from low to high. If `y` was 2-D,
+        the coefficients for the data in column k  of `y` are in column
+        `k`.
+
+    [residuals, rank, singular_values, rcond] : list
+        These values are only returned if ``full == True``
+
+        - residuals -- sum of squared residuals of the least squares fit
+        - rank -- the numerical rank of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - singular_values -- singular values of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - rcond -- value of `rcond`.
+
+        For more details, see `numpy.linalg.lstsq`.
+
+    Warns
+    -----
+    RankWarning
+        The rank of the coefficient matrix in the least-squares fit is
+        deficient. The warning is only raised if ``full == False``.  The
+        warnings can be turned off by
+
+        >>> import warnings
+        >>> warnings.simplefilter('ignore', np.RankWarning)
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebfit
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legfit
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagfit
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyfit
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermefit
+    hermval : Evaluates a Hermite series.
+    hermvander : Vandermonde matrix of Hermite series.
+    hermweight : Hermite weight function
+    numpy.linalg.lstsq : Computes a least-squares fit from the matrix.
+    scipy.interpolate.UnivariateSpline : Computes spline fits.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The solution is the coefficients of the Hermite series `p` that
+    minimizes the sum of the weighted squared errors
+
+    .. math:: E = \\sum_j w_j^2 * |y_j - p(x_j)|^2,
+
+    where the :math:`w_j` are the weights. This problem is solved by
+    setting up the (typically) overdetermined matrix equation
+
+    .. math:: V(x) * c = w * y,
+
+    where `V` is the weighted pseudo Vandermonde matrix of `x`, `c` are the
+    coefficients to be solved for, `w` are the weights, `y` are the
+    observed values.  This equation is then solved using the singular value
+    decomposition of `V`.
+
+    If some of the singular values of `V` are so small that they are
+    neglected, then a `RankWarning` will be issued. This means that the
+    coefficient values may be poorly determined. Using a lower order fit
+    will usually get rid of the warning.  The `rcond` parameter can also be
+    set to a value smaller than its default, but the resulting fit may be
+    spurious and have large contributions from roundoff error.
+
+    Fits using Hermite series are probably most useful when the data can be
+    approximated by ``sqrt(w(x)) * p(x)``, where `w(x)` is the Hermite
+    weight. In that case the weight ``sqrt(w(x[i]))`` should be used
+    together with data values ``y[i]/sqrt(w(x[i]))``. The weight function is
+    available as `hermweight`.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Wikipedia, "Curve fitting",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve_fitting
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermfit, hermval
+    >>> x = np.linspace(-10, 10)
+    >>> err = np.random.randn(len(x))/10
+    >>> y = hermval(x, [1, 2, 3]) + err
+    >>> hermfit(x, y, 2)
+    array([1.0218, 1.9986, 2.9999]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    return pu._fit(hermvander, x, y, deg, rcond, full, w)
+
+
+def hermcompanion(c):
+    """Return the scaled companion matrix of c.
+
+    The basis polynomials are scaled so that the companion matrix is
+    symmetric when `c` is an Hermite basis polynomial. This provides
+    better eigenvalue estimates than the unscaled case and for basis
+    polynomials the eigenvalues are guaranteed to be real if
+    `numpy.linalg.eigvalsh` is used to obtain them.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to high
+        degree.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    mat : ndarray
+        Scaled companion matrix of dimensions (deg, deg).
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) < 2:
+        raise ValueError('Series must have maximum degree of at least 1.')
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([[-.5*c[0]/c[1]]])
+
+    n = len(c) - 1
+    mat = np.zeros((n, n), dtype=c.dtype)
+    scl = np.hstack((1., 1./np.sqrt(2.*np.arange(n - 1, 0, -1))))
+    scl = np.multiply.accumulate(scl)[::-1]
+    top = mat.reshape(-1)[1::n+1]
+    bot = mat.reshape(-1)[n::n+1]
+    top[...] = np.sqrt(.5*np.arange(1, n))
+    bot[...] = top
+    mat[:, -1] -= scl*c[:-1]/(2.0*c[-1])
+    return mat
+
+
+def hermroots(c):
+    """
+    Compute the roots of a Hermite series.
+
+    Return the roots (a.k.a. "zeros") of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = \\sum_i c[i] * H_i(x).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : 1-D array_like
+        1-D array of coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array of the roots of the series. If all the roots are real,
+        then `out` is also real, otherwise it is complex.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyroots
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legroots
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagroots
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermeroots
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The root estimates are obtained as the eigenvalues of the companion
+    matrix, Roots far from the origin of the complex plane may have large
+    errors due to the numerical instability of the series for such
+    values. Roots with multiplicity greater than 1 will also show larger
+    errors as the value of the series near such points is relatively
+    insensitive to errors in the roots. Isolated roots near the origin can
+    be improved by a few iterations of Newton's method.
+
+    The Hermite series basis polynomials aren't powers of `x` so the
+    results of this function may seem unintuitive.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermroots, hermfromroots
+    >>> coef = hermfromroots([-1, 0, 1])
+    >>> coef
+    array([0.   ,  0.25 ,  0.   ,  0.125])
+    >>> hermroots(coef)
+    array([-1.00000000e+00, -1.38777878e-17,  1.00000000e+00])
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) <= 1:
+        return np.array([], dtype=c.dtype)
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([-.5*c[0]/c[1]])
+
+    # rotated companion matrix reduces error
+    m = hermcompanion(c)[::-1,::-1]
+    r = la.eigvals(m)
+    r.sort()
+    return r
+
+
+def _normed_hermite_n(x, n):
+    """
+    Evaluate a normalized Hermite polynomial.
+
+    Compute the value of the normalized Hermite polynomial of degree ``n``
+    at the points ``x``.
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : ndarray of double.
+        Points at which to evaluate the function
+    n : int
+        Degree of the normalized Hermite function to be evaluated.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray
+        The shape of the return value is described above.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+
+    This function is needed for finding the Gauss points and integration
+    weights for high degrees. The values of the standard Hermite functions
+    overflow when n >= 207.
+
+    """
+    if n == 0:
+        return np.full(x.shape, 1/np.sqrt(np.sqrt(np.pi)))
+
+    c0 = 0.
+    c1 = 1./np.sqrt(np.sqrt(np.pi))
+    nd = float(n)
+    for i in range(n - 1):
+        tmp = c0
+        c0 = -c1*np.sqrt((nd - 1.)/nd)
+        c1 = tmp + c1*x*np.sqrt(2./nd)
+        nd = nd - 1.0
+    return c0 + c1*x*np.sqrt(2)
+
+
+def hermgauss(deg):
+    """
+    Gauss-Hermite quadrature.
+
+    Computes the sample points and weights for Gauss-Hermite quadrature.
+    These sample points and weights will correctly integrate polynomials of
+    degree :math:`2*deg - 1` or less over the interval :math:`[-\\inf, \\inf]`
+    with the weight function :math:`f(x) = \\exp(-x^2)`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    deg : int
+        Number of sample points and weights. It must be >= 1.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    x : ndarray
+        1-D ndarray containing the sample points.
+    y : ndarray
+        1-D ndarray containing the weights.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    The results have only been tested up to degree 100, higher degrees may
+    be problematic. The weights are determined by using the fact that
+
+    .. math:: w_k = c / (H'_n(x_k) * H_{n-1}(x_k))
+
+    where :math:`c` is a constant independent of :math:`k` and :math:`x_k`
+    is the k'th root of :math:`H_n`, and then scaling the results to get
+    the right value when integrating 1.
+
+    """
+    ideg = pu._deprecate_as_int(deg, "deg")
+    if ideg <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("deg must be a positive integer")
+
+    # first approximation of roots. We use the fact that the companion
+    # matrix is symmetric in this case in order to obtain better zeros.
+    c = np.array([0]*deg + [1], dtype=np.float64)
+    m = hermcompanion(c)
+    x = la.eigvalsh(m)
+
+    # improve roots by one application of Newton
+    dy = _normed_hermite_n(x, ideg)
+    df = _normed_hermite_n(x, ideg - 1) * np.sqrt(2*ideg)
+    x -= dy/df
+
+    # compute the weights. We scale the factor to avoid possible numerical
+    # overflow.
+    fm = _normed_hermite_n(x, ideg - 1)
+    fm /= np.abs(fm).max()
+    w = 1/(fm * fm)
+
+    # for Hermite we can also symmetrize
+    w = (w + w[::-1])/2
+    x = (x - x[::-1])/2
+
+    # scale w to get the right value
+    w *= np.sqrt(np.pi) / w.sum()
+
+    return x, w
+
+
+def hermweight(x):
+    """
+    Weight function of the Hermite polynomials.
+
+    The weight function is :math:`\\exp(-x^2)` and the interval of
+    integration is :math:`[-\\inf, \\inf]`. the Hermite polynomials are
+    orthogonal, but not normalized, with respect to this weight function.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+       Values at which the weight function will be computed.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    w : ndarray
+       The weight function at `x`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    w = np.exp(-x**2)
+    return w
+
+
+#
+# Hermite series class
+#
+
+class Hermite(ABCPolyBase):
+    """An Hermite series class.
+
+    The Hermite class provides the standard Python numerical methods
+    '+', '-', '*', '//', '%', 'divmod', '**', and '()' as well as the
+    attributes and methods listed in the `ABCPolyBase` documentation.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coef : array_like
+        Hermite coefficients in order of increasing degree, i.e,
+        ``(1, 2, 3)`` gives ``1*H_0(x) + 2*H_1(X) + 3*H_2(x)``.
+    domain : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Domain to use. The interval ``[domain[0], domain[1]]`` is mapped
+        to the interval ``[window[0], window[1]]`` by shifting and scaling.
+        The default value is [-1, 1].
+    window : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Window, see `domain` for its use. The default value is [-1, 1].
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+    symbol : str, optional
+        Symbol used to represent the independent variable in string
+        representations of the polynomial expression, e.g. for printing.
+        The symbol must be a valid Python identifier. Default value is 'x'.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.24
+
+    """
+    # Virtual Functions
+    _add = staticmethod(hermadd)
+    _sub = staticmethod(hermsub)
+    _mul = staticmethod(hermmul)
+    _div = staticmethod(hermdiv)
+    _pow = staticmethod(hermpow)
+    _val = staticmethod(hermval)
+    _int = staticmethod(hermint)
+    _der = staticmethod(hermder)
+    _fit = staticmethod(hermfit)
+    _line = staticmethod(hermline)
+    _roots = staticmethod(hermroots)
+    _fromroots = staticmethod(hermfromroots)
+
+    # Virtual properties
+    domain = np.array(hermdomain)
+    window = np.array(hermdomain)
+    basis_name = 'H'
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d3556d696410689b4614138ad4cf1f6c2283a9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from numpy import ndarray, dtype, int_, float_
+from numpy.polynomial._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+from numpy.polynomial.polyutils import trimcoef
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+hermtrim = trimcoef
+
+def poly2herm(pol): ...
+def herm2poly(c): ...
+
+hermdomain: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+hermzero: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+hermone: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+hermx: ndarray[Any, dtype[float_]]
+
+def hermline(off, scl): ...
+def hermfromroots(roots): ...
+def hermadd(c1, c2): ...
+def hermsub(c1, c2): ...
+def hermmulx(c): ...
+def hermmul(c1, c2): ...
+def hermdiv(c1, c2): ...
+def hermpow(c, pow, maxpower=...): ...
+def hermder(c, m=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def hermint(c, m=..., k = ..., lbnd=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def hermval(x, c, tensor=...): ...
+def hermval2d(x, y, c): ...
+def hermgrid2d(x, y, c): ...
+def hermval3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def hermgrid3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def hermvander(x, deg): ...
+def hermvander2d(x, y, deg): ...
+def hermvander3d(x, y, z, deg): ...
+def hermfit(x, y, deg, rcond=..., full=..., w=...): ...
+def hermcompanion(c): ...
+def hermroots(c): ...
+def hermgauss(deg): ...
+def hermweight(x): ...
+
+class Hermite(ABCPolyBase):
+    domain: Any
+    window: Any
+    basis_name: Any
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite_e.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite_e.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bdf29405bee7788d5ca6a8677b8402b9a7af393e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite_e.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1695 @@
+"""
+===================================================================
+HermiteE Series, "Probabilists" (:mod:`numpy.polynomial.hermite_e`)
+===================================================================
+
+This module provides a number of objects (mostly functions) useful for
+dealing with Hermite_e series, including a `HermiteE` class that
+encapsulates the usual arithmetic operations.  (General information
+on how this module represents and works with such polynomials is in the
+docstring for its "parent" sub-package, `numpy.polynomial`).
+
+Classes
+-------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   HermiteE
+
+Constants
+---------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   hermedomain
+   hermezero
+   hermeone
+   hermex
+
+Arithmetic
+----------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   hermeadd
+   hermesub
+   hermemulx
+   hermemul
+   hermediv
+   hermepow
+   hermeval
+   hermeval2d
+   hermeval3d
+   hermegrid2d
+   hermegrid3d
+
+Calculus
+--------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   hermeder
+   hermeint
+
+Misc Functions
+--------------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   hermefromroots
+   hermeroots
+   hermevander
+   hermevander2d
+   hermevander3d
+   hermegauss
+   hermeweight
+   hermecompanion
+   hermefit
+   hermetrim
+   hermeline
+   herme2poly
+   poly2herme
+
+See also
+--------
+`numpy.polynomial`
+
+"""
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.linalg as la
+from numpy.core.multiarray import normalize_axis_index
+
+from . import polyutils as pu
+from ._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+
+__all__ = [
+    'hermezero', 'hermeone', 'hermex', 'hermedomain', 'hermeline',
+    'hermeadd', 'hermesub', 'hermemulx', 'hermemul', 'hermediv',
+    'hermepow', 'hermeval', 'hermeder', 'hermeint', 'herme2poly',
+    'poly2herme', 'hermefromroots', 'hermevander', 'hermefit', 'hermetrim',
+    'hermeroots', 'HermiteE', 'hermeval2d', 'hermeval3d', 'hermegrid2d',
+    'hermegrid3d', 'hermevander2d', 'hermevander3d', 'hermecompanion',
+    'hermegauss', 'hermeweight']
+
+hermetrim = pu.trimcoef
+
+
+def poly2herme(pol):
+    """
+    poly2herme(pol)
+
+    Convert a polynomial to a Hermite series.
+
+    Convert an array representing the coefficients of a polynomial (relative
+    to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an
+    array of the coefficients of the equivalent Hermite series, ordered
+    from lowest to highest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    pol : array_like
+        1-D array containing the polynomial coefficients
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    c : ndarray
+        1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent Hermite
+        series.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    herme2poly
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
+    is to use the convert method of a class instance.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import poly2herme
+    >>> poly2herme(np.arange(4))
+    array([  2.,  10.,   2.,   3.])
+
+    """
+    [pol] = pu.as_series([pol])
+    deg = len(pol) - 1
+    res = 0
+    for i in range(deg, -1, -1):
+        res = hermeadd(hermemulx(res), pol[i])
+    return res
+
+
+def herme2poly(c):
+    """
+    Convert a Hermite series to a polynomial.
+
+    Convert an array representing the coefficients of a Hermite series,
+    ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an array of the coefficients
+    of the equivalent polynomial (relative to the "standard" basis) ordered
+    from lowest to highest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array containing the Hermite series coefficients, ordered
+        from lowest order term to highest.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pol : ndarray
+        1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent polynomial
+        (relative to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest order term
+        to highest.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    poly2herme
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
+    is to use the convert method of a class instance.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import herme2poly
+    >>> herme2poly([  2.,  10.,   2.,   3.])
+    array([0.,  1.,  2.,  3.])
+
+    """
+    from .polynomial import polyadd, polysub, polymulx
+
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    n = len(c)
+    if n == 1:
+        return c
+    if n == 2:
+        return c
+    else:
+        c0 = c[-2]
+        c1 = c[-1]
+        # i is the current degree of c1
+        for i in range(n - 1, 1, -1):
+            tmp = c0
+            c0 = polysub(c[i - 2], c1*(i - 1))
+            c1 = polyadd(tmp, polymulx(c1))
+        return polyadd(c0, polymulx(c1))
+
+#
+# These are constant arrays are of integer type so as to be compatible
+# with the widest range of other types, such as Decimal.
+#
+
+# Hermite
+hermedomain = np.array([-1, 1])
+
+# Hermite coefficients representing zero.
+hermezero = np.array([0])
+
+# Hermite coefficients representing one.
+hermeone = np.array([1])
+
+# Hermite coefficients representing the identity x.
+hermex = np.array([0, 1])
+
+
+def hermeline(off, scl):
+    """
+    Hermite series whose graph is a straight line.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    off, scl : scalars
+        The specified line is given by ``off + scl*x``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : ndarray
+        This module's representation of the Hermite series for
+        ``off + scl*x``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyline
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebline
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legline
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagline
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermline
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermeline
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermeline, hermeval
+    >>> hermeval(0,hermeline(3, 2))
+    3.0
+    >>> hermeval(1,hermeline(3, 2))
+    5.0
+
+    """
+    if scl != 0:
+        return np.array([off, scl])
+    else:
+        return np.array([off])
+
+
+def hermefromroots(roots):
+    """
+    Generate a HermiteE series with given roots.
+
+    The function returns the coefficients of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = (x - r_0) * (x - r_1) * ... * (x - r_n),
+
+    in HermiteE form, where the `r_n` are the roots specified in `roots`.
+    If a zero has multiplicity n, then it must appear in `roots` n times.
+    For instance, if 2 is a root of multiplicity three and 3 is a root of
+    multiplicity 2, then `roots` looks something like [2, 2, 2, 3, 3]. The
+    roots can appear in any order.
+
+    If the returned coefficients are `c`, then
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * He_1(x) + ... +  c_n * He_n(x)
+
+    The coefficient of the last term is not generally 1 for monic
+    polynomials in HermiteE form.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    roots : array_like
+        Sequence containing the roots.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        1-D array of coefficients.  If all roots are real then `out` is a
+        real array, if some of the roots are complex, then `out` is complex
+        even if all the coefficients in the result are real (see Examples
+        below).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebfromroots
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermefromroots, hermeval
+    >>> coef = hermefromroots((-1, 0, 1))
+    >>> hermeval((-1, 0, 1), coef)
+    array([0., 0., 0.])
+    >>> coef = hermefromroots((-1j, 1j))
+    >>> hermeval((-1j, 1j), coef)
+    array([0.+0.j, 0.+0.j])
+
+    """
+    return pu._fromroots(hermeline, hermemul, roots)
+
+
+def hermeadd(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Add one Hermite series to another.
+
+    Returns the sum of two Hermite series `c1` + `c2`.  The arguments
+    are sequences of coefficients ordered from lowest order term to
+    highest, i.e., [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array representing the Hermite series of their sum.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermesub, hermemulx, hermemul, hermediv, hermepow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike multiplication, division, etc., the sum of two Hermite series
+    is a Hermite series (without having to "reproject" the result onto
+    the basis set) so addition, just like that of "standard" polynomials,
+    is simply "component-wise."
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermeadd
+    >>> hermeadd([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4])
+    array([2.,  4.,  6.,  4.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._add(c1, c2)
+
+
+def hermesub(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Subtract one Hermite series from another.
+
+    Returns the difference of two Hermite series `c1` - `c2`.  The
+    sequences of coefficients are from lowest order term to highest, i.e.,
+    [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of Hermite series coefficients representing their difference.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermeadd, hermemulx, hermemul, hermediv, hermepow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike multiplication, division, etc., the difference of two Hermite
+    series is a Hermite series (without having to "reproject" the result
+    onto the basis set) so subtraction, just like that of "standard"
+    polynomials, is simply "component-wise."
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermesub
+    >>> hermesub([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3])
+    array([0., 0., 0., 4.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._sub(c1, c2)
+
+
+def hermemulx(c):
+    """Multiply a Hermite series by x.
+
+    Multiply the Hermite series `c` by x, where x is the independent
+    variable.
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array representing the result of the multiplication.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The multiplication uses the recursion relationship for Hermite
+    polynomials in the form
+
+    .. math::
+
+        xP_i(x) = (P_{i + 1}(x) + iP_{i - 1}(x)))
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermemulx
+    >>> hermemulx([1, 2, 3])
+    array([2.,  7.,  2.,  3.])
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    # The zero series needs special treatment
+    if len(c) == 1 and c[0] == 0:
+        return c
+
+    prd = np.empty(len(c) + 1, dtype=c.dtype)
+    prd[0] = c[0]*0
+    prd[1] = c[0]
+    for i in range(1, len(c)):
+        prd[i + 1] = c[i]
+        prd[i - 1] += c[i]*i
+    return prd
+
+
+def hermemul(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Multiply one Hermite series by another.
+
+    Returns the product of two Hermite series `c1` * `c2`.  The arguments
+    are sequences of coefficients, from lowest order "term" to highest,
+    e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of Hermite series coefficients representing their product.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermeadd, hermesub, hermemulx, hermediv, hermepow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the (polynomial) product of two C-series results in terms
+    that are not in the Hermite polynomial basis set.  Thus, to express
+    the product as a Hermite series, it is necessary to "reproject" the
+    product onto said basis set, which may produce "unintuitive" (but
+    correct) results; see Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermemul
+    >>> hermemul([1, 2, 3], [0, 1, 2])
+    array([14.,  15.,  28.,   7.,   6.])
+
+    """
+    # s1, s2 are trimmed copies
+    [c1, c2] = pu.as_series([c1, c2])
+
+    if len(c1) > len(c2):
+        c = c2
+        xs = c1
+    else:
+        c = c1
+        xs = c2
+
+    if len(c) == 1:
+        c0 = c[0]*xs
+        c1 = 0
+    elif len(c) == 2:
+        c0 = c[0]*xs
+        c1 = c[1]*xs
+    else:
+        nd = len(c)
+        c0 = c[-2]*xs
+        c1 = c[-1]*xs
+        for i in range(3, len(c) + 1):
+            tmp = c0
+            nd = nd - 1
+            c0 = hermesub(c[-i]*xs, c1*(nd - 1))
+            c1 = hermeadd(tmp, hermemulx(c1))
+    return hermeadd(c0, hermemulx(c1))
+
+
+def hermediv(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Divide one Hermite series by another.
+
+    Returns the quotient-with-remainder of two Hermite series
+    `c1` / `c2`.  The arguments are sequences of coefficients from lowest
+    order "term" to highest, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series
+    ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    [quo, rem] : ndarrays
+        Of Hermite series coefficients representing the quotient and
+        remainder.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermeadd, hermesub, hermemulx, hermemul, hermepow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the (polynomial) division of one Hermite series by another
+    results in quotient and remainder terms that are not in the Hermite
+    polynomial basis set.  Thus, to express these results as a Hermite
+    series, it is necessary to "reproject" the results onto the Hermite
+    basis set, which may produce "unintuitive" (but correct) results; see
+    Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermediv
+    >>> hermediv([ 14.,  15.,  28.,   7.,   6.], [0, 1, 2])
+    (array([1., 2., 3.]), array([0.]))
+    >>> hermediv([ 15.,  17.,  28.,   7.,   6.], [0, 1, 2])
+    (array([1., 2., 3.]), array([1., 2.]))
+
+    """
+    return pu._div(hermemul, c1, c2)
+
+
+def hermepow(c, pow, maxpower=16):
+    """Raise a Hermite series to a power.
+
+    Returns the Hermite series `c` raised to the power `pow`. The
+    argument `c` is a sequence of coefficients ordered from low to high.
+    i.e., [1,2,3] is the series  ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2.``
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+    pow : integer
+        Power to which the series will be raised
+    maxpower : integer, optional
+        Maximum power allowed. This is mainly to limit growth of the series
+        to unmanageable size. Default is 16
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray
+        Hermite series of power.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermeadd, hermesub, hermemulx, hermemul, hermediv
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermepow
+    >>> hermepow([1, 2, 3], 2)
+    array([23.,  28.,  46.,  12.,   9.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._pow(hermemul, c, pow, maxpower)
+
+
+def hermeder(c, m=1, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Differentiate a Hermite_e series.
+
+    Returns the series coefficients `c` differentiated `m` times along
+    `axis`.  At each iteration the result is multiplied by `scl` (the
+    scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable). The argument
+    `c` is an array of coefficients from low to high degree along each
+    axis, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series ``1*He_0 + 2*He_1 + 3*He_2``
+    while [[1,2],[1,2]] represents ``1*He_0(x)*He_0(y) + 1*He_1(x)*He_0(y)
+    + 2*He_0(x)*He_1(y) + 2*He_1(x)*He_1(y)`` if axis=0 is ``x`` and axis=1
+    is ``y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        Array of Hermite_e series coefficients. If `c` is multidimensional
+        the different axis correspond to different variables with the
+        degree in each axis given by the corresponding index.
+    m : int, optional
+        Number of derivatives taken, must be non-negative. (Default: 1)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Each differentiation is multiplied by `scl`.  The end result is
+        multiplication by ``scl**m``.  This is for use in a linear change of
+        variable. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the derivative is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    der : ndarray
+        Hermite series of the derivative.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermeint
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the result of differentiating a Hermite series does not
+    resemble the same operation on a power series. Thus the result of this
+    function may be "unintuitive," albeit correct; see Examples section
+    below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermeder
+    >>> hermeder([ 1.,  1.,  1.,  1.])
+    array([1.,  2.,  3.])
+    >>> hermeder([-0.25,  1.,  1./2.,  1./3.,  1./4 ], m=2)
+    array([1.,  2.,  3.])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of derivation")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of derivation must be non-negative")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    n = len(c)
+    if cnt >= n:
+        return c[:1]*0
+    else:
+        for i in range(cnt):
+            n = n - 1
+            c *= scl
+            der = np.empty((n,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=c.dtype)
+            for j in range(n, 0, -1):
+                der[j - 1] = j*c[j]
+            c = der
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def hermeint(c, m=1, k=[], lbnd=0, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Integrate a Hermite_e series.
+
+    Returns the Hermite_e series coefficients `c` integrated `m` times from
+    `lbnd` along `axis`. At each iteration the resulting series is
+    **multiplied** by `scl` and an integration constant, `k`, is added.
+    The scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable.  ("Buyer
+    beware": note that, depending on what one is doing, one may want `scl`
+    to be the reciprocal of what one might expect; for more information,
+    see the Notes section below.)  The argument `c` is an array of
+    coefficients from low to high degree along each axis, e.g., [1,2,3]
+    represents the series ``H_0 + 2*H_1 + 3*H_2`` while [[1,2],[1,2]]
+    represents ``1*H_0(x)*H_0(y) + 1*H_1(x)*H_0(y) + 2*H_0(x)*H_1(y) +
+    2*H_1(x)*H_1(y)`` if axis=0 is ``x`` and axis=1 is ``y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        Array of Hermite_e series coefficients. If c is multidimensional
+        the different axis correspond to different variables with the
+        degree in each axis given by the corresponding index.
+    m : int, optional
+        Order of integration, must be positive. (Default: 1)
+    k : {[], list, scalar}, optional
+        Integration constant(s).  The value of the first integral at
+        ``lbnd`` is the first value in the list, the value of the second
+        integral at ``lbnd`` is the second value, etc.  If ``k == []`` (the
+        default), all constants are set to zero.  If ``m == 1``, a single
+        scalar can be given instead of a list.
+    lbnd : scalar, optional
+        The lower bound of the integral. (Default: 0)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Following each integration the result is *multiplied* by `scl`
+        before the integration constant is added. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the integral is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    S : ndarray
+        Hermite_e series coefficients of the integral.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If ``m < 0``, ``len(k) > m``, ``np.ndim(lbnd) != 0``, or
+        ``np.ndim(scl) != 0``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermeder
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Note that the result of each integration is *multiplied* by `scl`.
+    Why is this important to note?  Say one is making a linear change of
+    variable :math:`u = ax + b` in an integral relative to `x`.  Then
+    :math:`dx = du/a`, so one will need to set `scl` equal to
+    :math:`1/a` - perhaps not what one would have first thought.
+
+    Also note that, in general, the result of integrating a C-series needs
+    to be "reprojected" onto the C-series basis set.  Thus, typically,
+    the result of this function is "unintuitive," albeit correct; see
+    Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermeint
+    >>> hermeint([1, 2, 3]) # integrate once, value 0 at 0.
+    array([1., 1., 1., 1.])
+    >>> hermeint([1, 2, 3], m=2) # integrate twice, value & deriv 0 at 0
+    array([-0.25      ,  1.        ,  0.5       ,  0.33333333,  0.25      ]) # may vary
+    >>> hermeint([1, 2, 3], k=1) # integrate once, value 1 at 0.
+    array([2., 1., 1., 1.])
+    >>> hermeint([1, 2, 3], lbnd=-1) # integrate once, value 0 at -1
+    array([-1.,  1.,  1.,  1.])
+    >>> hermeint([1, 2, 3], m=2, k=[1, 2], lbnd=-1)
+    array([ 1.83333333,  0.        ,  0.5       ,  0.33333333,  0.25      ]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    if not np.iterable(k):
+        k = [k]
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of integration")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of integration must be non-negative")
+    if len(k) > cnt:
+        raise ValueError("Too many integration constants")
+    if np.ndim(lbnd) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("lbnd must be a scalar.")
+    if np.ndim(scl) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("scl must be a scalar.")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    k = list(k) + [0]*(cnt - len(k))
+    for i in range(cnt):
+        n = len(c)
+        c *= scl
+        if n == 1 and np.all(c[0] == 0):
+            c[0] += k[i]
+        else:
+            tmp = np.empty((n + 1,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=c.dtype)
+            tmp[0] = c[0]*0
+            tmp[1] = c[0]
+            for j in range(1, n):
+                tmp[j + 1] = c[j]/(j + 1)
+            tmp[0] += k[i] - hermeval(lbnd, tmp)
+            c = tmp
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def hermeval(x, c, tensor=True):
+    """
+    Evaluate an HermiteE series at points x.
+
+    If `c` is of length `n + 1`, this function returns the value:
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 * He_0(x) + c_1 * He_1(x) + ... + c_n * He_n(x)
+
+    The parameter `x` is converted to an array only if it is a tuple or a
+    list, otherwise it is treated as a scalar. In either case, either `x`
+    or its elements must support multiplication and addition both with
+    themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array, then `p(x)` will have the same shape as `x`.  If
+    `c` is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the
+    value of `tensor`. If `tensor` is true the shape will be c.shape[1:] +
+    x.shape. If `tensor` is false the shape will be c.shape[1:]. Note that
+    scalars have shape (,).
+
+    Trailing zeros in the coefficients will be used in the evaluation, so
+    they should be avoided if efficiency is a concern.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, compatible object
+        If `x` is a list or tuple, it is converted to an ndarray, otherwise
+        it is left unchanged and treated as a scalar. In either case, `x`
+        or its elements must support addition and multiplication with
+        with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree n are contained in c[n]. If `c` is multidimensional the
+        remaining indices enumerate multiple polynomials. In the two
+        dimensional case the coefficients may be thought of as stored in
+        the columns of `c`.
+    tensor : boolean, optional
+        If True, the shape of the coefficient array is extended with ones
+        on the right, one for each dimension of `x`. Scalars have dimension 0
+        for this action. The result is that every column of coefficients in
+        `c` is evaluated for every element of `x`. If False, `x` is broadcast
+        over the columns of `c` for the evaluation.  This keyword is useful
+        when `c` is multidimensional. The default value is True.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, algebra_like
+        The shape of the return value is described above.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermeval2d, hermegrid2d, hermeval3d, hermegrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The evaluation uses Clenshaw recursion, aka synthetic division.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermeval
+    >>> coef = [1,2,3]
+    >>> hermeval(1, coef)
+    3.0
+    >>> hermeval([[1,2],[3,4]], coef)
+    array([[ 3., 14.],
+           [31., 54.]])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=False)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    if isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
+        x = np.asarray(x)
+    if isinstance(x, np.ndarray) and tensor:
+        c = c.reshape(c.shape + (1,)*x.ndim)
+
+    if len(c) == 1:
+        c0 = c[0]
+        c1 = 0
+    elif len(c) == 2:
+        c0 = c[0]
+        c1 = c[1]
+    else:
+        nd = len(c)
+        c0 = c[-2]
+        c1 = c[-1]
+        for i in range(3, len(c) + 1):
+            tmp = c0
+            nd = nd - 1
+            c0 = c[-i] - c1*(nd - 1)
+            c1 = tmp + c1*x
+    return c0 + c1*x
+
+
+def hermeval2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D HermiteE series at points (x, y).
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * He_i(x) * He_j(y)
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and they
+    must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either `x`
+    and `y` or their elements must support multiplication and addition both
+    with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array a one is implicitly appended to its shape to make
+    it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] + x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points `(x, y)`,
+        where `x` and `y` must have the same shape. If `x` or `y` is a list
+        or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and if it isn't an ndarray it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term
+        of multi-degree i,j is contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has
+        dimension greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple
+        sets of coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points formed with
+        pairs of corresponding values from `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermeval, hermegrid2d, hermeval3d, hermegrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(hermeval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def hermegrid2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D HermiteE series on the Cartesian product of x and y.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * H_i(a) * H_j(b)
+
+    where the points `(a, b)` consist of all pairs formed by taking
+    `a` from `x` and `b` from `y`. The resulting points form a grid with
+    `x` in the first dimension and `y` in the second.
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In either
+    case, either `x` and `y` or their elements must support multiplication
+    and addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than two dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] +
+    x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x` and `y`.  If `x` or `y` is a list or
+        tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree i,j are contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points in the Cartesian
+        product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermeval, hermeval2d, hermeval3d, hermegrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(hermeval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def hermeval3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D Hermite_e series at points (x, y, z).
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y,z) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * He_i(x) * He_j(y) * He_k(z)
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if
+    they are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and
+    they must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either
+    `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support multiplication and
+    addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than 3 dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to its
+    shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible object
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points
+        `(x, y, z)`, where `x`, `y`, and `z` must have the same shape.  If
+        any of `x`, `y`, or `z` is a list or tuple, it is first converted
+        to an ndarray, otherwise it is left unchanged and if it isn't an
+        ndarray it is  treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term of
+        multi-degree i,j,k is contained in ``c[i,j,k]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than 3 the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the multidimensional polynomial on points formed with
+        triples of corresponding values from `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermeval, hermeval2d, hermegrid2d, hermegrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(hermeval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def hermegrid3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D HermiteE series on the Cartesian product of x, y, and z.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b,c) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * He_i(a) * He_j(b) * He_k(c)
+
+    where the points `(a, b, c)` consist of all triples formed by taking
+    `a` from `x`, `b` from `y`, and `c` from `z`. The resulting points form
+    a grid with `x` in the first dimension, `y` in the second, and `z` in
+    the third.
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if they
+    are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In
+    either case, either `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support
+    multiplication and addition both with themselves and with the elements
+    of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than three dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape + y.shape + z.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible objects
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x`, `y`, and `z`.  If `x`,`y`, or `z` is a
+        list or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is
+        left unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a
+        scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree i,j are contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points in the Cartesian
+        product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermeval, hermeval2d, hermegrid2d, hermeval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(hermeval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def hermevander(x, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degree.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degree `deg` and sample points
+    `x`. The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., i] = He_i(x),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg`. The leading indices of `V` index the elements of
+    `x` and the last index is the degree of the HermiteE polynomial.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array of coefficients of length `n + 1` and `V` is the
+    array ``V = hermevander(x, n)``, then ``np.dot(V, c)`` and
+    ``hermeval(x, c)`` are the same up to roundoff. This equivalence is
+    useful both for least squares fitting and for the evaluation of a large
+    number of HermiteE series of the same degree and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Array of points. The dtype is converted to float64 or complex128
+        depending on whether any of the elements are complex. If `x` is
+        scalar it is converted to a 1-D array.
+    deg : int
+        Degree of the resulting matrix.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander : ndarray
+        The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix. The shape of the returned matrix is
+        ``x.shape + (deg + 1,)``, where The last index is the degree of the
+        corresponding HermiteE polynomial.  The dtype will be the same as
+        the converted `x`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermevander
+    >>> x = np.array([-1, 0, 1])
+    >>> hermevander(x, 3)
+    array([[ 1., -1.,  0.,  2.],
+           [ 1.,  0., -1., -0.],
+           [ 1.,  1.,  0., -2.]])
+
+    """
+    ideg = pu._deprecate_as_int(deg, "deg")
+    if ideg < 0:
+        raise ValueError("deg must be non-negative")
+
+    x = np.array(x, copy=False, ndmin=1) + 0.0
+    dims = (ideg + 1,) + x.shape
+    dtyp = x.dtype
+    v = np.empty(dims, dtype=dtyp)
+    v[0] = x*0 + 1
+    if ideg > 0:
+        v[1] = x
+        for i in range(2, ideg + 1):
+            v[i] = (v[i-1]*x - v[i-2]*(i - 1))
+    return np.moveaxis(v, 0, -1)
+
+
+def hermevander2d(x, y, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y)`. The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (deg[1] + 1)*i + j] = He_i(x) * He_j(y),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg[0]` and `0 <= j <= deg[1]`. The leading indices of
+    `V` index the points `(x, y)` and the last index encodes the degrees of
+    the HermiteE polynomials.
+
+    If ``V = hermevander2d(x, y, [xdeg, ydeg])``, then the columns of `V`
+    correspond to the elements of a 2-D coefficient array `c` of shape
+    (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{00}, c_{01}, c_{02} ... , c_{10}, c_{11}, c_{12} ...
+
+    and ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``hermeval2d(x, y, c)`` will be the same
+    up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 2-D HermiteE
+    series of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes
+        will be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on
+        whether any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to
+        1-D arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander2d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg[1]+1)`.  The dtype will be the same
+        as the converted `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermevander, hermevander3d, hermeval2d, hermeval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((hermevander, hermevander), (x, y), deg)
+
+
+def hermevander3d(x, y, z, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y, z)`. If `l, m, n` are the given degrees in `x, y, z`,
+    then Hehe pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (m+1)(n+1)i + (n+1)j + k] = He_i(x)*He_j(y)*He_k(z),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= l`, `0 <= j <= m`, and `0 <= j <= n`.  The leading
+    indices of `V` index the points `(x, y, z)` and the last index encodes
+    the degrees of the HermiteE polynomials.
+
+    If ``V = hermevander3d(x, y, z, [xdeg, ydeg, zdeg])``, then the columns
+    of `V` correspond to the elements of a 3-D coefficient array `c` of
+    shape (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1, zdeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{000}, c_{001}, c_{002},... , c_{010}, c_{011}, c_{012},...
+
+    and  ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``hermeval3d(x, y, z, c)`` will be the
+    same up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 3-D HermiteE
+    series of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes will
+        be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on whether
+        any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to 1-D
+        arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg, z_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander3d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg[1]+1)*(deg[2]+1)`.  The dtype will
+        be the same as the converted `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hermevander, hermevander3d, hermeval2d, hermeval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((hermevander, hermevander, hermevander), (x, y, z), deg)
+
+
+def hermefit(x, y, deg, rcond=None, full=False, w=None):
+    """
+    Least squares fit of Hermite series to data.
+
+    Return the coefficients of a HermiteE series of degree `deg` that is
+    the least squares fit to the data values `y` given at points `x`. If
+    `y` is 1-D the returned coefficients will also be 1-D. If `y` is 2-D
+    multiple fits are done, one for each column of `y`, and the resulting
+    coefficients are stored in the corresponding columns of a 2-D return.
+    The fitted polynomial(s) are in the form
+
+    .. math::  p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * He_1(x) + ... + c_n * He_n(x),
+
+    where `n` is `deg`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, shape (M,)
+        x-coordinates of the M sample points ``(x[i], y[i])``.
+    y : array_like, shape (M,) or (M, K)
+        y-coordinates of the sample points. Several data sets of sample
+        points sharing the same x-coordinates can be fitted at once by
+        passing in a 2D-array that contains one dataset per column.
+    deg : int or 1-D array_like
+        Degree(s) of the fitting polynomials. If `deg` is a single integer
+        all terms up to and including the `deg`'th term are included in the
+        fit. For NumPy versions >= 1.11.0 a list of integers specifying the
+        degrees of the terms to include may be used instead.
+    rcond : float, optional
+        Relative condition number of the fit. Singular values smaller than
+        this relative to the largest singular value will be ignored. The
+        default value is len(x)*eps, where eps is the relative precision of
+        the float type, about 2e-16 in most cases.
+    full : bool, optional
+        Switch determining nature of return value. When it is False (the
+        default) just the coefficients are returned, when True diagnostic
+        information from the singular value decomposition is also returned.
+    w : array_like, shape (`M`,), optional
+        Weights. If not None, the weight ``w[i]`` applies to the unsquared
+        residual ``y[i] - y_hat[i]`` at ``x[i]``. Ideally the weights are
+        chosen so that the errors of the products ``w[i]*y[i]`` all have the
+        same variance.  When using inverse-variance weighting, use
+        ``w[i] = 1/sigma(y[i])``.  The default value is None.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray, shape (M,) or (M, K)
+        Hermite coefficients ordered from low to high. If `y` was 2-D,
+        the coefficients for the data in column k  of `y` are in column
+        `k`.
+
+    [residuals, rank, singular_values, rcond] : list
+        These values are only returned if ``full == True``
+
+        - residuals -- sum of squared residuals of the least squares fit
+        - rank -- the numerical rank of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - singular_values -- singular values of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - rcond -- value of `rcond`.
+
+        For more details, see `numpy.linalg.lstsq`.
+
+    Warns
+    -----
+    RankWarning
+        The rank of the coefficient matrix in the least-squares fit is
+        deficient. The warning is only raised if ``full = False``.  The
+        warnings can be turned off by
+
+        >>> import warnings
+        >>> warnings.simplefilter('ignore', np.RankWarning)
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebfit
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legfit
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyfit
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermfit
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagfit
+    hermeval : Evaluates a Hermite series.
+    hermevander : pseudo Vandermonde matrix of Hermite series.
+    hermeweight : HermiteE weight function.
+    numpy.linalg.lstsq : Computes a least-squares fit from the matrix.
+    scipy.interpolate.UnivariateSpline : Computes spline fits.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The solution is the coefficients of the HermiteE series `p` that
+    minimizes the sum of the weighted squared errors
+
+    .. math:: E = \\sum_j w_j^2 * |y_j - p(x_j)|^2,
+
+    where the :math:`w_j` are the weights. This problem is solved by
+    setting up the (typically) overdetermined matrix equation
+
+    .. math:: V(x) * c = w * y,
+
+    where `V` is the pseudo Vandermonde matrix of `x`, the elements of `c`
+    are the coefficients to be solved for, and the elements of `y` are the
+    observed values.  This equation is then solved using the singular value
+    decomposition of `V`.
+
+    If some of the singular values of `V` are so small that they are
+    neglected, then a `RankWarning` will be issued. This means that the
+    coefficient values may be poorly determined. Using a lower order fit
+    will usually get rid of the warning.  The `rcond` parameter can also be
+    set to a value smaller than its default, but the resulting fit may be
+    spurious and have large contributions from roundoff error.
+
+    Fits using HermiteE series are probably most useful when the data can
+    be approximated by ``sqrt(w(x)) * p(x)``, where `w(x)` is the HermiteE
+    weight. In that case the weight ``sqrt(w(x[i]))`` should be used
+    together with data values ``y[i]/sqrt(w(x[i]))``. The weight function is
+    available as `hermeweight`.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Wikipedia, "Curve fitting",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve_fitting
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermefit, hermeval
+    >>> x = np.linspace(-10, 10)
+    >>> np.random.seed(123)
+    >>> err = np.random.randn(len(x))/10
+    >>> y = hermeval(x, [1, 2, 3]) + err
+    >>> hermefit(x, y, 2)
+    array([ 1.01690445,  1.99951418,  2.99948696]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    return pu._fit(hermevander, x, y, deg, rcond, full, w)
+
+
+def hermecompanion(c):
+    """
+    Return the scaled companion matrix of c.
+
+    The basis polynomials are scaled so that the companion matrix is
+    symmetric when `c` is an HermiteE basis polynomial. This provides
+    better eigenvalue estimates than the unscaled case and for basis
+    polynomials the eigenvalues are guaranteed to be real if
+    `numpy.linalg.eigvalsh` is used to obtain them.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of HermiteE series coefficients ordered from low to high
+        degree.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    mat : ndarray
+        Scaled companion matrix of dimensions (deg, deg).
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) < 2:
+        raise ValueError('Series must have maximum degree of at least 1.')
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([[-c[0]/c[1]]])
+
+    n = len(c) - 1
+    mat = np.zeros((n, n), dtype=c.dtype)
+    scl = np.hstack((1., 1./np.sqrt(np.arange(n - 1, 0, -1))))
+    scl = np.multiply.accumulate(scl)[::-1]
+    top = mat.reshape(-1)[1::n+1]
+    bot = mat.reshape(-1)[n::n+1]
+    top[...] = np.sqrt(np.arange(1, n))
+    bot[...] = top
+    mat[:, -1] -= scl*c[:-1]/c[-1]
+    return mat
+
+
+def hermeroots(c):
+    """
+    Compute the roots of a HermiteE series.
+
+    Return the roots (a.k.a. "zeros") of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = \\sum_i c[i] * He_i(x).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : 1-D array_like
+        1-D array of coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array of the roots of the series. If all the roots are real,
+        then `out` is also real, otherwise it is complex.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyroots
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legroots
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermroots
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebroots
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The root estimates are obtained as the eigenvalues of the companion
+    matrix, Roots far from the origin of the complex plane may have large
+    errors due to the numerical instability of the series for such
+    values. Roots with multiplicity greater than 1 will also show larger
+    errors as the value of the series near such points is relatively
+    insensitive to errors in the roots. Isolated roots near the origin can
+    be improved by a few iterations of Newton's method.
+
+    The HermiteE series basis polynomials aren't powers of `x` so the
+    results of this function may seem unintuitive.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite_e import hermeroots, hermefromroots
+    >>> coef = hermefromroots([-1, 0, 1])
+    >>> coef
+    array([0., 2., 0., 1.])
+    >>> hermeroots(coef)
+    array([-1.,  0.,  1.]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) <= 1:
+        return np.array([], dtype=c.dtype)
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([-c[0]/c[1]])
+
+    # rotated companion matrix reduces error
+    m = hermecompanion(c)[::-1,::-1]
+    r = la.eigvals(m)
+    r.sort()
+    return r
+
+
+def _normed_hermite_e_n(x, n):
+    """
+    Evaluate a normalized HermiteE polynomial.
+
+    Compute the value of the normalized HermiteE polynomial of degree ``n``
+    at the points ``x``.
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : ndarray of double.
+        Points at which to evaluate the function
+    n : int
+        Degree of the normalized HermiteE function to be evaluated.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray
+        The shape of the return value is described above.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    .. versionadded:: 1.10.0
+
+    This function is needed for finding the Gauss points and integration
+    weights for high degrees. The values of the standard HermiteE functions
+    overflow when n >= 207.
+
+    """
+    if n == 0:
+        return np.full(x.shape, 1/np.sqrt(np.sqrt(2*np.pi)))
+
+    c0 = 0.
+    c1 = 1./np.sqrt(np.sqrt(2*np.pi))
+    nd = float(n)
+    for i in range(n - 1):
+        tmp = c0
+        c0 = -c1*np.sqrt((nd - 1.)/nd)
+        c1 = tmp + c1*x*np.sqrt(1./nd)
+        nd = nd - 1.0
+    return c0 + c1*x
+
+
+def hermegauss(deg):
+    """
+    Gauss-HermiteE quadrature.
+
+    Computes the sample points and weights for Gauss-HermiteE quadrature.
+    These sample points and weights will correctly integrate polynomials of
+    degree :math:`2*deg - 1` or less over the interval :math:`[-\\inf, \\inf]`
+    with the weight function :math:`f(x) = \\exp(-x^2/2)`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    deg : int
+        Number of sample points and weights. It must be >= 1.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    x : ndarray
+        1-D ndarray containing the sample points.
+    y : ndarray
+        1-D ndarray containing the weights.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    The results have only been tested up to degree 100, higher degrees may
+    be problematic. The weights are determined by using the fact that
+
+    .. math:: w_k = c / (He'_n(x_k) * He_{n-1}(x_k))
+
+    where :math:`c` is a constant independent of :math:`k` and :math:`x_k`
+    is the k'th root of :math:`He_n`, and then scaling the results to get
+    the right value when integrating 1.
+
+    """
+    ideg = pu._deprecate_as_int(deg, "deg")
+    if ideg <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("deg must be a positive integer")
+
+    # first approximation of roots. We use the fact that the companion
+    # matrix is symmetric in this case in order to obtain better zeros.
+    c = np.array([0]*deg + [1])
+    m = hermecompanion(c)
+    x = la.eigvalsh(m)
+
+    # improve roots by one application of Newton
+    dy = _normed_hermite_e_n(x, ideg)
+    df = _normed_hermite_e_n(x, ideg - 1) * np.sqrt(ideg)
+    x -= dy/df
+
+    # compute the weights. We scale the factor to avoid possible numerical
+    # overflow.
+    fm = _normed_hermite_e_n(x, ideg - 1)
+    fm /= np.abs(fm).max()
+    w = 1/(fm * fm)
+
+    # for Hermite_e we can also symmetrize
+    w = (w + w[::-1])/2
+    x = (x - x[::-1])/2
+
+    # scale w to get the right value
+    w *= np.sqrt(2*np.pi) / w.sum()
+
+    return x, w
+
+
+def hermeweight(x):
+    """Weight function of the Hermite_e polynomials.
+
+    The weight function is :math:`\\exp(-x^2/2)` and the interval of
+    integration is :math:`[-\\inf, \\inf]`. the HermiteE polynomials are
+    orthogonal, but not normalized, with respect to this weight function.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+       Values at which the weight function will be computed.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    w : ndarray
+       The weight function at `x`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    w = np.exp(-.5*x**2)
+    return w
+
+
+#
+# HermiteE series class
+#
+
+class HermiteE(ABCPolyBase):
+    """An HermiteE series class.
+
+    The HermiteE class provides the standard Python numerical methods
+    '+', '-', '*', '//', '%', 'divmod', '**', and '()' as well as the
+    attributes and methods listed in the `ABCPolyBase` documentation.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coef : array_like
+        HermiteE coefficients in order of increasing degree, i.e,
+        ``(1, 2, 3)`` gives ``1*He_0(x) + 2*He_1(X) + 3*He_2(x)``.
+    domain : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Domain to use. The interval ``[domain[0], domain[1]]`` is mapped
+        to the interval ``[window[0], window[1]]`` by shifting and scaling.
+        The default value is [-1, 1].
+    window : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Window, see `domain` for its use. The default value is [-1, 1].
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+    symbol : str, optional
+        Symbol used to represent the independent variable in string
+        representations of the polynomial expression, e.g. for printing.
+        The symbol must be a valid Python identifier. Default value is 'x'.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.24
+
+    """
+    # Virtual Functions
+    _add = staticmethod(hermeadd)
+    _sub = staticmethod(hermesub)
+    _mul = staticmethod(hermemul)
+    _div = staticmethod(hermediv)
+    _pow = staticmethod(hermepow)
+    _val = staticmethod(hermeval)
+    _int = staticmethod(hermeint)
+    _der = staticmethod(hermeder)
+    _fit = staticmethod(hermefit)
+    _line = staticmethod(hermeline)
+    _roots = staticmethod(hermeroots)
+    _fromroots = staticmethod(hermefromroots)
+
+    # Virtual properties
+    domain = np.array(hermedomain)
+    window = np.array(hermedomain)
+    basis_name = 'He'
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite_e.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite_e.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b7152a253b654da2c069711a1bfdbd4e084cf6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/hermite_e.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from numpy import ndarray, dtype, int_
+from numpy.polynomial._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+from numpy.polynomial.polyutils import trimcoef
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+hermetrim = trimcoef
+
+def poly2herme(pol): ...
+def herme2poly(c): ...
+
+hermedomain: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+hermezero: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+hermeone: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+hermex: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+
+def hermeline(off, scl): ...
+def hermefromroots(roots): ...
+def hermeadd(c1, c2): ...
+def hermesub(c1, c2): ...
+def hermemulx(c): ...
+def hermemul(c1, c2): ...
+def hermediv(c1, c2): ...
+def hermepow(c, pow, maxpower=...): ...
+def hermeder(c, m=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def hermeint(c, m=..., k = ..., lbnd=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def hermeval(x, c, tensor=...): ...
+def hermeval2d(x, y, c): ...
+def hermegrid2d(x, y, c): ...
+def hermeval3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def hermegrid3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def hermevander(x, deg): ...
+def hermevander2d(x, y, deg): ...
+def hermevander3d(x, y, z, deg): ...
+def hermefit(x, y, deg, rcond=..., full=..., w=...): ...
+def hermecompanion(c): ...
+def hermeroots(c): ...
+def hermegauss(deg): ...
+def hermeweight(x): ...
+
+class HermiteE(ABCPolyBase):
+    domain: Any
+    window: Any
+    basis_name: Any
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/laguerre.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/laguerre.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..925d4898ec07673f221937fff1082711a9851df9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/laguerre.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1651 @@
+"""
+==================================================
+Laguerre Series (:mod:`numpy.polynomial.laguerre`)
+==================================================
+
+This module provides a number of objects (mostly functions) useful for
+dealing with Laguerre series, including a `Laguerre` class that
+encapsulates the usual arithmetic operations.  (General information
+on how this module represents and works with such polynomials is in the
+docstring for its "parent" sub-package, `numpy.polynomial`).
+
+Classes
+-------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   Laguerre
+
+Constants
+---------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   lagdomain
+   lagzero
+   lagone
+   lagx
+
+Arithmetic
+----------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   lagadd
+   lagsub
+   lagmulx
+   lagmul
+   lagdiv
+   lagpow
+   lagval
+   lagval2d
+   lagval3d
+   laggrid2d
+   laggrid3d
+
+Calculus
+--------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   lagder
+   lagint
+
+Misc Functions
+--------------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   lagfromroots
+   lagroots
+   lagvander
+   lagvander2d
+   lagvander3d
+   laggauss
+   lagweight
+   lagcompanion
+   lagfit
+   lagtrim
+   lagline
+   lag2poly
+   poly2lag
+
+See also
+--------
+`numpy.polynomial`
+
+"""
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.linalg as la
+from numpy.core.multiarray import normalize_axis_index
+
+from . import polyutils as pu
+from ._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+
+__all__ = [
+    'lagzero', 'lagone', 'lagx', 'lagdomain', 'lagline', 'lagadd',
+    'lagsub', 'lagmulx', 'lagmul', 'lagdiv', 'lagpow', 'lagval', 'lagder',
+    'lagint', 'lag2poly', 'poly2lag', 'lagfromroots', 'lagvander',
+    'lagfit', 'lagtrim', 'lagroots', 'Laguerre', 'lagval2d', 'lagval3d',
+    'laggrid2d', 'laggrid3d', 'lagvander2d', 'lagvander3d', 'lagcompanion',
+    'laggauss', 'lagweight']
+
+lagtrim = pu.trimcoef
+
+
+def poly2lag(pol):
+    """
+    poly2lag(pol)
+
+    Convert a polynomial to a Laguerre series.
+
+    Convert an array representing the coefficients of a polynomial (relative
+    to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an
+    array of the coefficients of the equivalent Laguerre series, ordered
+    from lowest to highest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    pol : array_like
+        1-D array containing the polynomial coefficients
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    c : ndarray
+        1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent Laguerre
+        series.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lag2poly
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
+    is to use the convert method of a class instance.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import poly2lag
+    >>> poly2lag(np.arange(4))
+    array([ 23., -63.,  58., -18.])
+
+    """
+    [pol] = pu.as_series([pol])
+    res = 0
+    for p in pol[::-1]:
+        res = lagadd(lagmulx(res), p)
+    return res
+
+
+def lag2poly(c):
+    """
+    Convert a Laguerre series to a polynomial.
+
+    Convert an array representing the coefficients of a Laguerre series,
+    ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an array of the coefficients
+    of the equivalent polynomial (relative to the "standard" basis) ordered
+    from lowest to highest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array containing the Laguerre series coefficients, ordered
+        from lowest order term to highest.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pol : ndarray
+        1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent polynomial
+        (relative to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest order term
+        to highest.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    poly2lag
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
+    is to use the convert method of a class instance.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lag2poly
+    >>> lag2poly([ 23., -63.,  58., -18.])
+    array([0., 1., 2., 3.])
+
+    """
+    from .polynomial import polyadd, polysub, polymulx
+
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    n = len(c)
+    if n == 1:
+        return c
+    else:
+        c0 = c[-2]
+        c1 = c[-1]
+        # i is the current degree of c1
+        for i in range(n - 1, 1, -1):
+            tmp = c0
+            c0 = polysub(c[i - 2], (c1*(i - 1))/i)
+            c1 = polyadd(tmp, polysub((2*i - 1)*c1, polymulx(c1))/i)
+        return polyadd(c0, polysub(c1, polymulx(c1)))
+
+#
+# These are constant arrays are of integer type so as to be compatible
+# with the widest range of other types, such as Decimal.
+#
+
+# Laguerre
+lagdomain = np.array([0, 1])
+
+# Laguerre coefficients representing zero.
+lagzero = np.array([0])
+
+# Laguerre coefficients representing one.
+lagone = np.array([1])
+
+# Laguerre coefficients representing the identity x.
+lagx = np.array([1, -1])
+
+
+def lagline(off, scl):
+    """
+    Laguerre series whose graph is a straight line.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    off, scl : scalars
+        The specified line is given by ``off + scl*x``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : ndarray
+        This module's representation of the Laguerre series for
+        ``off + scl*x``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyline
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebline
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legline
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermline
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermeline
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagline, lagval
+    >>> lagval(0,lagline(3, 2))
+    3.0
+    >>> lagval(1,lagline(3, 2))
+    5.0
+
+    """
+    if scl != 0:
+        return np.array([off + scl, -scl])
+    else:
+        return np.array([off])
+
+
+def lagfromroots(roots):
+    """
+    Generate a Laguerre series with given roots.
+
+    The function returns the coefficients of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = (x - r_0) * (x - r_1) * ... * (x - r_n),
+
+    in Laguerre form, where the `r_n` are the roots specified in `roots`.
+    If a zero has multiplicity n, then it must appear in `roots` n times.
+    For instance, if 2 is a root of multiplicity three and 3 is a root of
+    multiplicity 2, then `roots` looks something like [2, 2, 2, 3, 3]. The
+    roots can appear in any order.
+
+    If the returned coefficients are `c`, then
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * L_1(x) + ... +  c_n * L_n(x)
+
+    The coefficient of the last term is not generally 1 for monic
+    polynomials in Laguerre form.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    roots : array_like
+        Sequence containing the roots.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        1-D array of coefficients.  If all roots are real then `out` is a
+        real array, if some of the roots are complex, then `out` is complex
+        even if all the coefficients in the result are real (see Examples
+        below).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermefromroots
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagfromroots, lagval
+    >>> coef = lagfromroots((-1, 0, 1))
+    >>> lagval((-1, 0, 1), coef)
+    array([0.,  0.,  0.])
+    >>> coef = lagfromroots((-1j, 1j))
+    >>> lagval((-1j, 1j), coef)
+    array([0.+0.j, 0.+0.j])
+
+    """
+    return pu._fromroots(lagline, lagmul, roots)
+
+
+def lagadd(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Add one Laguerre series to another.
+
+    Returns the sum of two Laguerre series `c1` + `c2`.  The arguments
+    are sequences of coefficients ordered from lowest order term to
+    highest, i.e., [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Laguerre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array representing the Laguerre series of their sum.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagsub, lagmulx, lagmul, lagdiv, lagpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike multiplication, division, etc., the sum of two Laguerre series
+    is a Laguerre series (without having to "reproject" the result onto
+    the basis set) so addition, just like that of "standard" polynomials,
+    is simply "component-wise."
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagadd
+    >>> lagadd([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4])
+    array([2.,  4.,  6.,  4.])
+
+
+    """
+    return pu._add(c1, c2)
+
+
+def lagsub(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Subtract one Laguerre series from another.
+
+    Returns the difference of two Laguerre series `c1` - `c2`.  The
+    sequences of coefficients are from lowest order term to highest, i.e.,
+    [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Laguerre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of Laguerre series coefficients representing their difference.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagadd, lagmulx, lagmul, lagdiv, lagpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike multiplication, division, etc., the difference of two Laguerre
+    series is a Laguerre series (without having to "reproject" the result
+    onto the basis set) so subtraction, just like that of "standard"
+    polynomials, is simply "component-wise."
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagsub
+    >>> lagsub([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3])
+    array([0.,  0.,  0.,  4.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._sub(c1, c2)
+
+
+def lagmulx(c):
+    """Multiply a Laguerre series by x.
+
+    Multiply the Laguerre series `c` by x, where x is the independent
+    variable.
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Laguerre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array representing the result of the multiplication.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagadd, lagsub, lagmul, lagdiv, lagpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The multiplication uses the recursion relationship for Laguerre
+    polynomials in the form
+
+    .. math::
+
+        xP_i(x) = (-(i + 1)*P_{i + 1}(x) + (2i + 1)P_{i}(x) - iP_{i - 1}(x))
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagmulx
+    >>> lagmulx([1, 2, 3])
+    array([-1.,  -1.,  11.,  -9.])
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    # The zero series needs special treatment
+    if len(c) == 1 and c[0] == 0:
+        return c
+
+    prd = np.empty(len(c) + 1, dtype=c.dtype)
+    prd[0] = c[0]
+    prd[1] = -c[0]
+    for i in range(1, len(c)):
+        prd[i + 1] = -c[i]*(i + 1)
+        prd[i] += c[i]*(2*i + 1)
+        prd[i - 1] -= c[i]*i
+    return prd
+
+
+def lagmul(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Multiply one Laguerre series by another.
+
+    Returns the product of two Laguerre series `c1` * `c2`.  The arguments
+    are sequences of coefficients, from lowest order "term" to highest,
+    e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Laguerre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of Laguerre series coefficients representing their product.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagadd, lagsub, lagmulx, lagdiv, lagpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the (polynomial) product of two C-series results in terms
+    that are not in the Laguerre polynomial basis set.  Thus, to express
+    the product as a Laguerre series, it is necessary to "reproject" the
+    product onto said basis set, which may produce "unintuitive" (but
+    correct) results; see Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagmul
+    >>> lagmul([1, 2, 3], [0, 1, 2])
+    array([  8., -13.,  38., -51.,  36.])
+
+    """
+    # s1, s2 are trimmed copies
+    [c1, c2] = pu.as_series([c1, c2])
+
+    if len(c1) > len(c2):
+        c = c2
+        xs = c1
+    else:
+        c = c1
+        xs = c2
+
+    if len(c) == 1:
+        c0 = c[0]*xs
+        c1 = 0
+    elif len(c) == 2:
+        c0 = c[0]*xs
+        c1 = c[1]*xs
+    else:
+        nd = len(c)
+        c0 = c[-2]*xs
+        c1 = c[-1]*xs
+        for i in range(3, len(c) + 1):
+            tmp = c0
+            nd = nd - 1
+            c0 = lagsub(c[-i]*xs, (c1*(nd - 1))/nd)
+            c1 = lagadd(tmp, lagsub((2*nd - 1)*c1, lagmulx(c1))/nd)
+    return lagadd(c0, lagsub(c1, lagmulx(c1)))
+
+
+def lagdiv(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Divide one Laguerre series by another.
+
+    Returns the quotient-with-remainder of two Laguerre series
+    `c1` / `c2`.  The arguments are sequences of coefficients from lowest
+    order "term" to highest, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series
+    ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Laguerre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    [quo, rem] : ndarrays
+        Of Laguerre series coefficients representing the quotient and
+        remainder.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagadd, lagsub, lagmulx, lagmul, lagpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the (polynomial) division of one Laguerre series by another
+    results in quotient and remainder terms that are not in the Laguerre
+    polynomial basis set.  Thus, to express these results as a Laguerre
+    series, it is necessary to "reproject" the results onto the Laguerre
+    basis set, which may produce "unintuitive" (but correct) results; see
+    Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagdiv
+    >>> lagdiv([  8., -13.,  38., -51.,  36.], [0, 1, 2])
+    (array([1., 2., 3.]), array([0.]))
+    >>> lagdiv([  9., -12.,  38., -51.,  36.], [0, 1, 2])
+    (array([1., 2., 3.]), array([1., 1.]))
+
+    """
+    return pu._div(lagmul, c1, c2)
+
+
+def lagpow(c, pow, maxpower=16):
+    """Raise a Laguerre series to a power.
+
+    Returns the Laguerre series `c` raised to the power `pow`. The
+    argument `c` is a sequence of coefficients ordered from low to high.
+    i.e., [1,2,3] is the series  ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2.``
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Laguerre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+    pow : integer
+        Power to which the series will be raised
+    maxpower : integer, optional
+        Maximum power allowed. This is mainly to limit growth of the series
+        to unmanageable size. Default is 16
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray
+        Laguerre series of power.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagadd, lagsub, lagmulx, lagmul, lagdiv
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagpow
+    >>> lagpow([1, 2, 3], 2)
+    array([ 14., -16.,  56., -72.,  54.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._pow(lagmul, c, pow, maxpower)
+
+
+def lagder(c, m=1, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Differentiate a Laguerre series.
+
+    Returns the Laguerre series coefficients `c` differentiated `m` times
+    along `axis`.  At each iteration the result is multiplied by `scl` (the
+    scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable). The argument
+    `c` is an array of coefficients from low to high degree along each
+    axis, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series ``1*L_0 + 2*L_1 + 3*L_2``
+    while [[1,2],[1,2]] represents ``1*L_0(x)*L_0(y) + 1*L_1(x)*L_0(y) +
+    2*L_0(x)*L_1(y) + 2*L_1(x)*L_1(y)`` if axis=0 is ``x`` and axis=1 is
+    ``y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        Array of Laguerre series coefficients. If `c` is multidimensional
+        the different axis correspond to different variables with the
+        degree in each axis given by the corresponding index.
+    m : int, optional
+        Number of derivatives taken, must be non-negative. (Default: 1)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Each differentiation is multiplied by `scl`.  The end result is
+        multiplication by ``scl**m``.  This is for use in a linear change of
+        variable. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the derivative is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    der : ndarray
+        Laguerre series of the derivative.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagint
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the result of differentiating a Laguerre series does not
+    resemble the same operation on a power series. Thus the result of this
+    function may be "unintuitive," albeit correct; see Examples section
+    below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagder
+    >>> lagder([ 1.,  1.,  1., -3.])
+    array([1.,  2.,  3.])
+    >>> lagder([ 1.,  0.,  0., -4.,  3.], m=2)
+    array([1.,  2.,  3.])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of derivation")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of derivation must be non-negative")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    n = len(c)
+    if cnt >= n:
+        c = c[:1]*0
+    else:
+        for i in range(cnt):
+            n = n - 1
+            c *= scl
+            der = np.empty((n,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=c.dtype)
+            for j in range(n, 1, -1):
+                der[j - 1] = -c[j]
+                c[j - 1] += c[j]
+            der[0] = -c[1]
+            c = der
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def lagint(c, m=1, k=[], lbnd=0, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Integrate a Laguerre series.
+
+    Returns the Laguerre series coefficients `c` integrated `m` times from
+    `lbnd` along `axis`. At each iteration the resulting series is
+    **multiplied** by `scl` and an integration constant, `k`, is added.
+    The scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable.  ("Buyer
+    beware": note that, depending on what one is doing, one may want `scl`
+    to be the reciprocal of what one might expect; for more information,
+    see the Notes section below.)  The argument `c` is an array of
+    coefficients from low to high degree along each axis, e.g., [1,2,3]
+    represents the series ``L_0 + 2*L_1 + 3*L_2`` while [[1,2],[1,2]]
+    represents ``1*L_0(x)*L_0(y) + 1*L_1(x)*L_0(y) + 2*L_0(x)*L_1(y) +
+    2*L_1(x)*L_1(y)`` if axis=0 is ``x`` and axis=1 is ``y``.
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        Array of Laguerre series coefficients. If `c` is multidimensional
+        the different axis correspond to different variables with the
+        degree in each axis given by the corresponding index.
+    m : int, optional
+        Order of integration, must be positive. (Default: 1)
+    k : {[], list, scalar}, optional
+        Integration constant(s).  The value of the first integral at
+        ``lbnd`` is the first value in the list, the value of the second
+        integral at ``lbnd`` is the second value, etc.  If ``k == []`` (the
+        default), all constants are set to zero.  If ``m == 1``, a single
+        scalar can be given instead of a list.
+    lbnd : scalar, optional
+        The lower bound of the integral. (Default: 0)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Following each integration the result is *multiplied* by `scl`
+        before the integration constant is added. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the integral is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    S : ndarray
+        Laguerre series coefficients of the integral.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If ``m < 0``, ``len(k) > m``, ``np.ndim(lbnd) != 0``, or
+        ``np.ndim(scl) != 0``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagder
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Note that the result of each integration is *multiplied* by `scl`.
+    Why is this important to note?  Say one is making a linear change of
+    variable :math:`u = ax + b` in an integral relative to `x`.  Then
+    :math:`dx = du/a`, so one will need to set `scl` equal to
+    :math:`1/a` - perhaps not what one would have first thought.
+
+    Also note that, in general, the result of integrating a C-series needs
+    to be "reprojected" onto the C-series basis set.  Thus, typically,
+    the result of this function is "unintuitive," albeit correct; see
+    Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagint
+    >>> lagint([1,2,3])
+    array([ 1.,  1.,  1., -3.])
+    >>> lagint([1,2,3], m=2)
+    array([ 1.,  0.,  0., -4.,  3.])
+    >>> lagint([1,2,3], k=1)
+    array([ 2.,  1.,  1., -3.])
+    >>> lagint([1,2,3], lbnd=-1)
+    array([11.5,  1. ,  1. , -3. ])
+    >>> lagint([1,2], m=2, k=[1,2], lbnd=-1)
+    array([ 11.16666667,  -5.        ,  -3.        ,   2.        ]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    if not np.iterable(k):
+        k = [k]
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of integration")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of integration must be non-negative")
+    if len(k) > cnt:
+        raise ValueError("Too many integration constants")
+    if np.ndim(lbnd) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("lbnd must be a scalar.")
+    if np.ndim(scl) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("scl must be a scalar.")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    k = list(k) + [0]*(cnt - len(k))
+    for i in range(cnt):
+        n = len(c)
+        c *= scl
+        if n == 1 and np.all(c[0] == 0):
+            c[0] += k[i]
+        else:
+            tmp = np.empty((n + 1,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=c.dtype)
+            tmp[0] = c[0]
+            tmp[1] = -c[0]
+            for j in range(1, n):
+                tmp[j] += c[j]
+                tmp[j + 1] = -c[j]
+            tmp[0] += k[i] - lagval(lbnd, tmp)
+            c = tmp
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def lagval(x, c, tensor=True):
+    """
+    Evaluate a Laguerre series at points x.
+
+    If `c` is of length `n + 1`, this function returns the value:
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 * L_0(x) + c_1 * L_1(x) + ... + c_n * L_n(x)
+
+    The parameter `x` is converted to an array only if it is a tuple or a
+    list, otherwise it is treated as a scalar. In either case, either `x`
+    or its elements must support multiplication and addition both with
+    themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array, then `p(x)` will have the same shape as `x`.  If
+    `c` is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the
+    value of `tensor`. If `tensor` is true the shape will be c.shape[1:] +
+    x.shape. If `tensor` is false the shape will be c.shape[1:]. Note that
+    scalars have shape (,).
+
+    Trailing zeros in the coefficients will be used in the evaluation, so
+    they should be avoided if efficiency is a concern.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, compatible object
+        If `x` is a list or tuple, it is converted to an ndarray, otherwise
+        it is left unchanged and treated as a scalar. In either case, `x`
+        or its elements must support addition and multiplication with
+        themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree n are contained in c[n]. If `c` is multidimensional the
+        remaining indices enumerate multiple polynomials. In the two
+        dimensional case the coefficients may be thought of as stored in
+        the columns of `c`.
+    tensor : boolean, optional
+        If True, the shape of the coefficient array is extended with ones
+        on the right, one for each dimension of `x`. Scalars have dimension 0
+        for this action. The result is that every column of coefficients in
+        `c` is evaluated for every element of `x`. If False, `x` is broadcast
+        over the columns of `c` for the evaluation.  This keyword is useful
+        when `c` is multidimensional. The default value is True.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, algebra_like
+        The shape of the return value is described above.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagval2d, laggrid2d, lagval3d, laggrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The evaluation uses Clenshaw recursion, aka synthetic division.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagval
+    >>> coef = [1,2,3]
+    >>> lagval(1, coef)
+    -0.5
+    >>> lagval([[1,2],[3,4]], coef)
+    array([[-0.5, -4. ],
+           [-4.5, -2. ]])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=False)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    if isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
+        x = np.asarray(x)
+    if isinstance(x, np.ndarray) and tensor:
+        c = c.reshape(c.shape + (1,)*x.ndim)
+
+    if len(c) == 1:
+        c0 = c[0]
+        c1 = 0
+    elif len(c) == 2:
+        c0 = c[0]
+        c1 = c[1]
+    else:
+        nd = len(c)
+        c0 = c[-2]
+        c1 = c[-1]
+        for i in range(3, len(c) + 1):
+            tmp = c0
+            nd = nd - 1
+            c0 = c[-i] - (c1*(nd - 1))/nd
+            c1 = tmp + (c1*((2*nd - 1) - x))/nd
+    return c0 + c1*(1 - x)
+
+
+def lagval2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D Laguerre series at points (x, y).
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * L_i(x) * L_j(y)
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and they
+    must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either `x`
+    and `y` or their elements must support multiplication and addition both
+    with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array a one is implicitly appended to its shape to make
+    it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] + x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points `(x, y)`,
+        where `x` and `y` must have the same shape. If `x` or `y` is a list
+        or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and if it isn't an ndarray it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term
+        of multi-degree i,j is contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has
+        dimension greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple
+        sets of coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points formed with
+        pairs of corresponding values from `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagval, laggrid2d, lagval3d, laggrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(lagval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def laggrid2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D Laguerre series on the Cartesian product of x and y.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * L_i(a) * L_j(b)
+
+    where the points `(a, b)` consist of all pairs formed by taking
+    `a` from `x` and `b` from `y`. The resulting points form a grid with
+    `x` in the first dimension and `y` in the second.
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In either
+    case, either `x` and `y` or their elements must support multiplication
+    and addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than two dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] +
+    x.shape + y.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x` and `y`.  If `x` or `y` is a list or
+        tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term of
+        multi-degree i,j is contained in `c[i,j]`. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional Chebyshev series at points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagval, lagval2d, lagval3d, laggrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(lagval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def lagval3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D Laguerre series at points (x, y, z).
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y,z) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * L_i(x) * L_j(y) * L_k(z)
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if
+    they are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and
+    they must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either
+    `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support multiplication and
+    addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than 3 dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to its
+    shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible object
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points
+        `(x, y, z)`, where `x`, `y`, and `z` must have the same shape.  If
+        any of `x`, `y`, or `z` is a list or tuple, it is first converted
+        to an ndarray, otherwise it is left unchanged and if it isn't an
+        ndarray it is  treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term of
+        multi-degree i,j,k is contained in ``c[i,j,k]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than 3 the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the multidimensional polynomial on points formed with
+        triples of corresponding values from `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagval, lagval2d, laggrid2d, laggrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(lagval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def laggrid3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D Laguerre series on the Cartesian product of x, y, and z.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b,c) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * L_i(a) * L_j(b) * L_k(c)
+
+    where the points `(a, b, c)` consist of all triples formed by taking
+    `a` from `x`, `b` from `y`, and `c` from `z`. The resulting points form
+    a grid with `x` in the first dimension, `y` in the second, and `z` in
+    the third.
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if they
+    are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In
+    either case, either `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support
+    multiplication and addition both with themselves and with the elements
+    of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than three dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape + y.shape + z.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible objects
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x`, `y`, and `z`.  If `x`,`y`, or `z` is a
+        list or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is
+        left unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a
+        scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree i,j are contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points in the Cartesian
+        product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagval, lagval2d, laggrid2d, lagval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(lagval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def lagvander(x, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degree.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degree `deg` and sample points
+    `x`. The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., i] = L_i(x)
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg`. The leading indices of `V` index the elements of
+    `x` and the last index is the degree of the Laguerre polynomial.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array of coefficients of length `n + 1` and `V` is the
+    array ``V = lagvander(x, n)``, then ``np.dot(V, c)`` and
+    ``lagval(x, c)`` are the same up to roundoff. This equivalence is
+    useful both for least squares fitting and for the evaluation of a large
+    number of Laguerre series of the same degree and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Array of points. The dtype is converted to float64 or complex128
+        depending on whether any of the elements are complex. If `x` is
+        scalar it is converted to a 1-D array.
+    deg : int
+        Degree of the resulting matrix.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander : ndarray
+        The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix. The shape of the returned matrix is
+        ``x.shape + (deg + 1,)``, where The last index is the degree of the
+        corresponding Laguerre polynomial.  The dtype will be the same as
+        the converted `x`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagvander
+    >>> x = np.array([0, 1, 2])
+    >>> lagvander(x, 3)
+    array([[ 1.        ,  1.        ,  1.        ,  1.        ],
+           [ 1.        ,  0.        , -0.5       , -0.66666667],
+           [ 1.        , -1.        , -1.        , -0.33333333]])
+
+    """
+    ideg = pu._deprecate_as_int(deg, "deg")
+    if ideg < 0:
+        raise ValueError("deg must be non-negative")
+
+    x = np.array(x, copy=False, ndmin=1) + 0.0
+    dims = (ideg + 1,) + x.shape
+    dtyp = x.dtype
+    v = np.empty(dims, dtype=dtyp)
+    v[0] = x*0 + 1
+    if ideg > 0:
+        v[1] = 1 - x
+        for i in range(2, ideg + 1):
+            v[i] = (v[i-1]*(2*i - 1 - x) - v[i-2]*(i - 1))/i
+    return np.moveaxis(v, 0, -1)
+
+
+def lagvander2d(x, y, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y)`. The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (deg[1] + 1)*i + j] = L_i(x) * L_j(y),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg[0]` and `0 <= j <= deg[1]`. The leading indices of
+    `V` index the points `(x, y)` and the last index encodes the degrees of
+    the Laguerre polynomials.
+
+    If ``V = lagvander2d(x, y, [xdeg, ydeg])``, then the columns of `V`
+    correspond to the elements of a 2-D coefficient array `c` of shape
+    (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{00}, c_{01}, c_{02} ... , c_{10}, c_{11}, c_{12} ...
+
+    and ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``lagval2d(x, y, c)`` will be the same
+    up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 2-D Laguerre
+    series of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes
+        will be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on
+        whether any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to
+        1-D arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander2d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg[1]+1)`.  The dtype will be the same
+        as the converted `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagvander, lagvander3d, lagval2d, lagval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((lagvander, lagvander), (x, y), deg)
+
+
+def lagvander3d(x, y, z, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y, z)`. If `l, m, n` are the given degrees in `x, y, z`,
+    then The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (m+1)(n+1)i + (n+1)j + k] = L_i(x)*L_j(y)*L_k(z),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= l`, `0 <= j <= m`, and `0 <= j <= n`.  The leading
+    indices of `V` index the points `(x, y, z)` and the last index encodes
+    the degrees of the Laguerre polynomials.
+
+    If ``V = lagvander3d(x, y, z, [xdeg, ydeg, zdeg])``, then the columns
+    of `V` correspond to the elements of a 3-D coefficient array `c` of
+    shape (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1, zdeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{000}, c_{001}, c_{002},... , c_{010}, c_{011}, c_{012},...
+
+    and  ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``lagval3d(x, y, z, c)`` will be the
+    same up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 3-D Laguerre
+    series of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes will
+        be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on whether
+        any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to 1-D
+        arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg, z_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander3d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg[1]+1)*(deg[2]+1)`.  The dtype will
+        be the same as the converted `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    lagvander, lagvander3d, lagval2d, lagval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((lagvander, lagvander, lagvander), (x, y, z), deg)
+
+
+def lagfit(x, y, deg, rcond=None, full=False, w=None):
+    """
+    Least squares fit of Laguerre series to data.
+
+    Return the coefficients of a Laguerre series of degree `deg` that is the
+    least squares fit to the data values `y` given at points `x`. If `y` is
+    1-D the returned coefficients will also be 1-D. If `y` is 2-D multiple
+    fits are done, one for each column of `y`, and the resulting
+    coefficients are stored in the corresponding columns of a 2-D return.
+    The fitted polynomial(s) are in the form
+
+    .. math::  p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * L_1(x) + ... + c_n * L_n(x),
+
+    where ``n`` is `deg`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, shape (M,)
+        x-coordinates of the M sample points ``(x[i], y[i])``.
+    y : array_like, shape (M,) or (M, K)
+        y-coordinates of the sample points. Several data sets of sample
+        points sharing the same x-coordinates can be fitted at once by
+        passing in a 2D-array that contains one dataset per column.
+    deg : int or 1-D array_like
+        Degree(s) of the fitting polynomials. If `deg` is a single integer
+        all terms up to and including the `deg`'th term are included in the
+        fit. For NumPy versions >= 1.11.0 a list of integers specifying the
+        degrees of the terms to include may be used instead.
+    rcond : float, optional
+        Relative condition number of the fit. Singular values smaller than
+        this relative to the largest singular value will be ignored. The
+        default value is len(x)*eps, where eps is the relative precision of
+        the float type, about 2e-16 in most cases.
+    full : bool, optional
+        Switch determining nature of return value. When it is False (the
+        default) just the coefficients are returned, when True diagnostic
+        information from the singular value decomposition is also returned.
+    w : array_like, shape (`M`,), optional
+        Weights. If not None, the weight ``w[i]`` applies to the unsquared
+        residual ``y[i] - y_hat[i]`` at ``x[i]``. Ideally the weights are
+        chosen so that the errors of the products ``w[i]*y[i]`` all have the
+        same variance.  When using inverse-variance weighting, use
+        ``w[i] = 1/sigma(y[i])``.  The default value is None.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray, shape (M,) or (M, K)
+        Laguerre coefficients ordered from low to high. If `y` was 2-D,
+        the coefficients for the data in column *k*  of `y` are in column
+        *k*.
+
+    [residuals, rank, singular_values, rcond] : list
+        These values are only returned if ``full == True``
+
+        - residuals -- sum of squared residuals of the least squares fit
+        - rank -- the numerical rank of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - singular_values -- singular values of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - rcond -- value of `rcond`.
+
+        For more details, see `numpy.linalg.lstsq`.
+
+    Warns
+    -----
+    RankWarning
+        The rank of the coefficient matrix in the least-squares fit is
+        deficient. The warning is only raised if ``full == False``.  The
+        warnings can be turned off by
+
+        >>> import warnings
+        >>> warnings.simplefilter('ignore', np.RankWarning)
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyfit
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legfit
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebfit
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermfit
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermefit
+    lagval : Evaluates a Laguerre series.
+    lagvander : pseudo Vandermonde matrix of Laguerre series.
+    lagweight : Laguerre weight function.
+    numpy.linalg.lstsq : Computes a least-squares fit from the matrix.
+    scipy.interpolate.UnivariateSpline : Computes spline fits.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The solution is the coefficients of the Laguerre series ``p`` that
+    minimizes the sum of the weighted squared errors
+
+    .. math:: E = \\sum_j w_j^2 * |y_j - p(x_j)|^2,
+
+    where the :math:`w_j` are the weights. This problem is solved by
+    setting up as the (typically) overdetermined matrix equation
+
+    .. math:: V(x) * c = w * y,
+
+    where ``V`` is the weighted pseudo Vandermonde matrix of `x`, ``c`` are the
+    coefficients to be solved for, `w` are the weights, and `y` are the
+    observed values.  This equation is then solved using the singular value
+    decomposition of ``V``.
+
+    If some of the singular values of `V` are so small that they are
+    neglected, then a `RankWarning` will be issued. This means that the
+    coefficient values may be poorly determined. Using a lower order fit
+    will usually get rid of the warning.  The `rcond` parameter can also be
+    set to a value smaller than its default, but the resulting fit may be
+    spurious and have large contributions from roundoff error.
+
+    Fits using Laguerre series are probably most useful when the data can
+    be approximated by ``sqrt(w(x)) * p(x)``, where ``w(x)`` is the Laguerre
+    weight. In that case the weight ``sqrt(w(x[i]))`` should be used
+    together with data values ``y[i]/sqrt(w(x[i]))``. The weight function is
+    available as `lagweight`.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Wikipedia, "Curve fitting",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve_fitting
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagfit, lagval
+    >>> x = np.linspace(0, 10)
+    >>> err = np.random.randn(len(x))/10
+    >>> y = lagval(x, [1, 2, 3]) + err
+    >>> lagfit(x, y, 2)
+    array([ 0.96971004,  2.00193749,  3.00288744]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    return pu._fit(lagvander, x, y, deg, rcond, full, w)
+
+
+def lagcompanion(c):
+    """
+    Return the companion matrix of c.
+
+    The usual companion matrix of the Laguerre polynomials is already
+    symmetric when `c` is a basis Laguerre polynomial, so no scaling is
+    applied.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Laguerre series coefficients ordered from low to high
+        degree.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    mat : ndarray
+        Companion matrix of dimensions (deg, deg).
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) < 2:
+        raise ValueError('Series must have maximum degree of at least 1.')
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([[1 + c[0]/c[1]]])
+
+    n = len(c) - 1
+    mat = np.zeros((n, n), dtype=c.dtype)
+    top = mat.reshape(-1)[1::n+1]
+    mid = mat.reshape(-1)[0::n+1]
+    bot = mat.reshape(-1)[n::n+1]
+    top[...] = -np.arange(1, n)
+    mid[...] = 2.*np.arange(n) + 1.
+    bot[...] = top
+    mat[:, -1] += (c[:-1]/c[-1])*n
+    return mat
+
+
+def lagroots(c):
+    """
+    Compute the roots of a Laguerre series.
+
+    Return the roots (a.k.a. "zeros") of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = \\sum_i c[i] * L_i(x).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : 1-D array_like
+        1-D array of coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array of the roots of the series. If all the roots are real,
+        then `out` is also real, otherwise it is complex.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyroots
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legroots
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermeroots
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The root estimates are obtained as the eigenvalues of the companion
+    matrix, Roots far from the origin of the complex plane may have large
+    errors due to the numerical instability of the series for such
+    values. Roots with multiplicity greater than 1 will also show larger
+    errors as the value of the series near such points is relatively
+    insensitive to errors in the roots. Isolated roots near the origin can
+    be improved by a few iterations of Newton's method.
+
+    The Laguerre series basis polynomials aren't powers of `x` so the
+    results of this function may seem unintuitive.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.laguerre import lagroots, lagfromroots
+    >>> coef = lagfromroots([0, 1, 2])
+    >>> coef
+    array([  2.,  -8.,  12.,  -6.])
+    >>> lagroots(coef)
+    array([-4.4408921e-16,  1.0000000e+00,  2.0000000e+00])
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) <= 1:
+        return np.array([], dtype=c.dtype)
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([1 + c[0]/c[1]])
+
+    # rotated companion matrix reduces error
+    m = lagcompanion(c)[::-1,::-1]
+    r = la.eigvals(m)
+    r.sort()
+    return r
+
+
+def laggauss(deg):
+    """
+    Gauss-Laguerre quadrature.
+
+    Computes the sample points and weights for Gauss-Laguerre quadrature.
+    These sample points and weights will correctly integrate polynomials of
+    degree :math:`2*deg - 1` or less over the interval :math:`[0, \\inf]`
+    with the weight function :math:`f(x) = \\exp(-x)`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    deg : int
+        Number of sample points and weights. It must be >= 1.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    x : ndarray
+        1-D ndarray containing the sample points.
+    y : ndarray
+        1-D ndarray containing the weights.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    The results have only been tested up to degree 100 higher degrees may
+    be problematic. The weights are determined by using the fact that
+
+    .. math:: w_k = c / (L'_n(x_k) * L_{n-1}(x_k))
+
+    where :math:`c` is a constant independent of :math:`k` and :math:`x_k`
+    is the k'th root of :math:`L_n`, and then scaling the results to get
+    the right value when integrating 1.
+
+    """
+    ideg = pu._deprecate_as_int(deg, "deg")
+    if ideg <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("deg must be a positive integer")
+
+    # first approximation of roots. We use the fact that the companion
+    # matrix is symmetric in this case in order to obtain better zeros.
+    c = np.array([0]*deg + [1])
+    m = lagcompanion(c)
+    x = la.eigvalsh(m)
+
+    # improve roots by one application of Newton
+    dy = lagval(x, c)
+    df = lagval(x, lagder(c))
+    x -= dy/df
+
+    # compute the weights. We scale the factor to avoid possible numerical
+    # overflow.
+    fm = lagval(x, c[1:])
+    fm /= np.abs(fm).max()
+    df /= np.abs(df).max()
+    w = 1/(fm * df)
+
+    # scale w to get the right value, 1 in this case
+    w /= w.sum()
+
+    return x, w
+
+
+def lagweight(x):
+    """Weight function of the Laguerre polynomials.
+
+    The weight function is :math:`exp(-x)` and the interval of integration
+    is :math:`[0, \\inf]`. The Laguerre polynomials are orthogonal, but not
+    normalized, with respect to this weight function.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+       Values at which the weight function will be computed.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    w : ndarray
+       The weight function at `x`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    w = np.exp(-x)
+    return w
+
+#
+# Laguerre series class
+#
+
+class Laguerre(ABCPolyBase):
+    """A Laguerre series class.
+
+    The Laguerre class provides the standard Python numerical methods
+    '+', '-', '*', '//', '%', 'divmod', '**', and '()' as well as the
+    attributes and methods listed in the `ABCPolyBase` documentation.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coef : array_like
+        Laguerre coefficients in order of increasing degree, i.e,
+        ``(1, 2, 3)`` gives ``1*L_0(x) + 2*L_1(X) + 3*L_2(x)``.
+    domain : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Domain to use. The interval ``[domain[0], domain[1]]`` is mapped
+        to the interval ``[window[0], window[1]]`` by shifting and scaling.
+        The default value is [0, 1].
+    window : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Window, see `domain` for its use. The default value is [0, 1].
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+    symbol : str, optional
+        Symbol used to represent the independent variable in string
+        representations of the polynomial expression, e.g. for printing.
+        The symbol must be a valid Python identifier. Default value is 'x'.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.24
+
+    """
+    # Virtual Functions
+    _add = staticmethod(lagadd)
+    _sub = staticmethod(lagsub)
+    _mul = staticmethod(lagmul)
+    _div = staticmethod(lagdiv)
+    _pow = staticmethod(lagpow)
+    _val = staticmethod(lagval)
+    _int = staticmethod(lagint)
+    _der = staticmethod(lagder)
+    _fit = staticmethod(lagfit)
+    _line = staticmethod(lagline)
+    _roots = staticmethod(lagroots)
+    _fromroots = staticmethod(lagfromroots)
+
+    # Virtual properties
+    domain = np.array(lagdomain)
+    window = np.array(lagdomain)
+    basis_name = 'L'
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/laguerre.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/laguerre.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e546bc20a54c0e522cd7ea851ad8e8a42d895980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/laguerre.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from numpy import ndarray, dtype, int_
+from numpy.polynomial._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+from numpy.polynomial.polyutils import trimcoef
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+lagtrim = trimcoef
+
+def poly2lag(pol): ...
+def lag2poly(c): ...
+
+lagdomain: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+lagzero: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+lagone: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+lagx: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+
+def lagline(off, scl): ...
+def lagfromroots(roots): ...
+def lagadd(c1, c2): ...
+def lagsub(c1, c2): ...
+def lagmulx(c): ...
+def lagmul(c1, c2): ...
+def lagdiv(c1, c2): ...
+def lagpow(c, pow, maxpower=...): ...
+def lagder(c, m=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def lagint(c, m=..., k = ..., lbnd=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def lagval(x, c, tensor=...): ...
+def lagval2d(x, y, c): ...
+def laggrid2d(x, y, c): ...
+def lagval3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def laggrid3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def lagvander(x, deg): ...
+def lagvander2d(x, y, deg): ...
+def lagvander3d(x, y, z, deg): ...
+def lagfit(x, y, deg, rcond=..., full=..., w=...): ...
+def lagcompanion(c): ...
+def lagroots(c): ...
+def laggauss(deg): ...
+def lagweight(x): ...
+
+class Laguerre(ABCPolyBase):
+    domain: Any
+    window: Any
+    basis_name: Any
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/legendre.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/legendre.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e9c19d94ff60c7d314231e8bfbc1c200f12653e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/legendre.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1664 @@
+"""
+==================================================
+Legendre Series (:mod:`numpy.polynomial.legendre`)
+==================================================
+
+This module provides a number of objects (mostly functions) useful for
+dealing with Legendre series, including a `Legendre` class that
+encapsulates the usual arithmetic operations.  (General information
+on how this module represents and works with such polynomials is in the
+docstring for its "parent" sub-package, `numpy.polynomial`).
+
+Classes
+-------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+    Legendre
+
+Constants
+---------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   legdomain
+   legzero
+   legone
+   legx
+
+Arithmetic
+----------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   legadd
+   legsub
+   legmulx
+   legmul
+   legdiv
+   legpow
+   legval
+   legval2d
+   legval3d
+   leggrid2d
+   leggrid3d
+
+Calculus
+--------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   legder
+   legint
+
+Misc Functions
+--------------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   legfromroots
+   legroots
+   legvander
+   legvander2d
+   legvander3d
+   leggauss
+   legweight
+   legcompanion
+   legfit
+   legtrim
+   legline
+   leg2poly
+   poly2leg
+
+See also
+--------
+numpy.polynomial
+
+"""
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.linalg as la
+from numpy.core.multiarray import normalize_axis_index
+
+from . import polyutils as pu
+from ._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+
+__all__ = [
+    'legzero', 'legone', 'legx', 'legdomain', 'legline', 'legadd',
+    'legsub', 'legmulx', 'legmul', 'legdiv', 'legpow', 'legval', 'legder',
+    'legint', 'leg2poly', 'poly2leg', 'legfromroots', 'legvander',
+    'legfit', 'legtrim', 'legroots', 'Legendre', 'legval2d', 'legval3d',
+    'leggrid2d', 'leggrid3d', 'legvander2d', 'legvander3d', 'legcompanion',
+    'leggauss', 'legweight']
+
+legtrim = pu.trimcoef
+
+
+def poly2leg(pol):
+    """
+    Convert a polynomial to a Legendre series.
+
+    Convert an array representing the coefficients of a polynomial (relative
+    to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an
+    array of the coefficients of the equivalent Legendre series, ordered
+    from lowest to highest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    pol : array_like
+        1-D array containing the polynomial coefficients
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    c : ndarray
+        1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent Legendre
+        series.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    leg2poly
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
+    is to use the convert method of a class instance.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy import polynomial as P
+    >>> p = P.Polynomial(np.arange(4))
+    >>> p
+    Polynomial([0.,  1.,  2.,  3.], domain=[-1,  1], window=[-1,  1])
+    >>> c = P.Legendre(P.legendre.poly2leg(p.coef))
+    >>> c
+    Legendre([ 1.  ,  3.25,  1.  ,  0.75], domain=[-1,  1], window=[-1,  1]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    [pol] = pu.as_series([pol])
+    deg = len(pol) - 1
+    res = 0
+    for i in range(deg, -1, -1):
+        res = legadd(legmulx(res), pol[i])
+    return res
+
+
+def leg2poly(c):
+    """
+    Convert a Legendre series to a polynomial.
+
+    Convert an array representing the coefficients of a Legendre series,
+    ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an array of the coefficients
+    of the equivalent polynomial (relative to the "standard" basis) ordered
+    from lowest to highest degree.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array containing the Legendre series coefficients, ordered
+        from lowest order term to highest.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pol : ndarray
+        1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent polynomial
+        (relative to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest order term
+        to highest.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    poly2leg
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
+    is to use the convert method of a class instance.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy import polynomial as P
+    >>> c = P.Legendre(range(4))
+    >>> c
+    Legendre([0., 1., 2., 3.], domain=[-1,  1], window=[-1,  1])
+    >>> p = c.convert(kind=P.Polynomial)
+    >>> p
+    Polynomial([-1. , -3.5,  3. ,  7.5], domain=[-1.,  1.], window=[-1.,  1.])
+    >>> P.legendre.leg2poly(range(4))
+    array([-1. , -3.5,  3. ,  7.5])
+
+
+    """
+    from .polynomial import polyadd, polysub, polymulx
+
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    n = len(c)
+    if n < 3:
+        return c
+    else:
+        c0 = c[-2]
+        c1 = c[-1]
+        # i is the current degree of c1
+        for i in range(n - 1, 1, -1):
+            tmp = c0
+            c0 = polysub(c[i - 2], (c1*(i - 1))/i)
+            c1 = polyadd(tmp, (polymulx(c1)*(2*i - 1))/i)
+        return polyadd(c0, polymulx(c1))
+
+#
+# These are constant arrays are of integer type so as to be compatible
+# with the widest range of other types, such as Decimal.
+#
+
+# Legendre
+legdomain = np.array([-1, 1])
+
+# Legendre coefficients representing zero.
+legzero = np.array([0])
+
+# Legendre coefficients representing one.
+legone = np.array([1])
+
+# Legendre coefficients representing the identity x.
+legx = np.array([0, 1])
+
+
+def legline(off, scl):
+    """
+    Legendre series whose graph is a straight line.
+
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    off, scl : scalars
+        The specified line is given by ``off + scl*x``.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : ndarray
+        This module's representation of the Legendre series for
+        ``off + scl*x``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyline
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebline
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagline
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermline
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermeline
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.polynomial.legendre as L
+    >>> L.legline(3,2)
+    array([3, 2])
+    >>> L.legval(-3, L.legline(3,2)) # should be -3
+    -3.0
+
+    """
+    if scl != 0:
+        return np.array([off, scl])
+    else:
+        return np.array([off])
+
+
+def legfromroots(roots):
+    """
+    Generate a Legendre series with given roots.
+
+    The function returns the coefficients of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = (x - r_0) * (x - r_1) * ... * (x - r_n),
+
+    in Legendre form, where the `r_n` are the roots specified in `roots`.
+    If a zero has multiplicity n, then it must appear in `roots` n times.
+    For instance, if 2 is a root of multiplicity three and 3 is a root of
+    multiplicity 2, then `roots` looks something like [2, 2, 2, 3, 3]. The
+    roots can appear in any order.
+
+    If the returned coefficients are `c`, then
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * L_1(x) + ... +  c_n * L_n(x)
+
+    The coefficient of the last term is not generally 1 for monic
+    polynomials in Legendre form.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    roots : array_like
+        Sequence containing the roots.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        1-D array of coefficients.  If all roots are real then `out` is a
+        real array, if some of the roots are complex, then `out` is complex
+        even if all the coefficients in the result are real (see Examples
+        below).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermefromroots
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.polynomial.legendre as L
+    >>> L.legfromroots((-1,0,1)) # x^3 - x relative to the standard basis
+    array([ 0. , -0.4,  0. ,  0.4])
+    >>> j = complex(0,1)
+    >>> L.legfromroots((-j,j)) # x^2 + 1 relative to the standard basis
+    array([ 1.33333333+0.j,  0.00000000+0.j,  0.66666667+0.j]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    return pu._fromroots(legline, legmul, roots)
+
+
+def legadd(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Add one Legendre series to another.
+
+    Returns the sum of two Legendre series `c1` + `c2`.  The arguments
+    are sequences of coefficients ordered from lowest order term to
+    highest, i.e., [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Legendre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array representing the Legendre series of their sum.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legsub, legmulx, legmul, legdiv, legpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike multiplication, division, etc., the sum of two Legendre series
+    is a Legendre series (without having to "reproject" the result onto
+    the basis set) so addition, just like that of "standard" polynomials,
+    is simply "component-wise."
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import legendre as L
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2,1)
+    >>> L.legadd(c1,c2)
+    array([4.,  4.,  4.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._add(c1, c2)
+
+
+def legsub(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Subtract one Legendre series from another.
+
+    Returns the difference of two Legendre series `c1` - `c2`.  The
+    sequences of coefficients are from lowest order term to highest, i.e.,
+    [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Legendre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of Legendre series coefficients representing their difference.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legadd, legmulx, legmul, legdiv, legpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike multiplication, division, etc., the difference of two Legendre
+    series is a Legendre series (without having to "reproject" the result
+    onto the basis set) so subtraction, just like that of "standard"
+    polynomials, is simply "component-wise."
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import legendre as L
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2,1)
+    >>> L.legsub(c1,c2)
+    array([-2.,  0.,  2.])
+    >>> L.legsub(c2,c1) # -C.legsub(c1,c2)
+    array([ 2.,  0., -2.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._sub(c1, c2)
+
+
+def legmulx(c):
+    """Multiply a Legendre series by x.
+
+    Multiply the Legendre series `c` by x, where x is the independent
+    variable.
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Legendre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array representing the result of the multiplication.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legadd, legmul, legdiv, legpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The multiplication uses the recursion relationship for Legendre
+    polynomials in the form
+
+    .. math::
+
+      xP_i(x) = ((i + 1)*P_{i + 1}(x) + i*P_{i - 1}(x))/(2i + 1)
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import legendre as L
+    >>> L.legmulx([1,2,3])
+    array([ 0.66666667, 2.2, 1.33333333, 1.8]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    # The zero series needs special treatment
+    if len(c) == 1 and c[0] == 0:
+        return c
+
+    prd = np.empty(len(c) + 1, dtype=c.dtype)
+    prd[0] = c[0]*0
+    prd[1] = c[0]
+    for i in range(1, len(c)):
+        j = i + 1
+        k = i - 1
+        s = i + j
+        prd[j] = (c[i]*j)/s
+        prd[k] += (c[i]*i)/s
+    return prd
+
+
+def legmul(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Multiply one Legendre series by another.
+
+    Returns the product of two Legendre series `c1` * `c2`.  The arguments
+    are sequences of coefficients, from lowest order "term" to highest,
+    e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Legendre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of Legendre series coefficients representing their product.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legadd, legsub, legmulx, legdiv, legpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the (polynomial) product of two C-series results in terms
+    that are not in the Legendre polynomial basis set.  Thus, to express
+    the product as a Legendre series, it is necessary to "reproject" the
+    product onto said basis set, which may produce "unintuitive" (but
+    correct) results; see Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import legendre as L
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2)
+    >>> L.legmul(c1,c2) # multiplication requires "reprojection"
+    array([  4.33333333,  10.4       ,  11.66666667,   3.6       ]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    # s1, s2 are trimmed copies
+    [c1, c2] = pu.as_series([c1, c2])
+
+    if len(c1) > len(c2):
+        c = c2
+        xs = c1
+    else:
+        c = c1
+        xs = c2
+
+    if len(c) == 1:
+        c0 = c[0]*xs
+        c1 = 0
+    elif len(c) == 2:
+        c0 = c[0]*xs
+        c1 = c[1]*xs
+    else:
+        nd = len(c)
+        c0 = c[-2]*xs
+        c1 = c[-1]*xs
+        for i in range(3, len(c) + 1):
+            tmp = c0
+            nd = nd - 1
+            c0 = legsub(c[-i]*xs, (c1*(nd - 1))/nd)
+            c1 = legadd(tmp, (legmulx(c1)*(2*nd - 1))/nd)
+    return legadd(c0, legmulx(c1))
+
+
+def legdiv(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Divide one Legendre series by another.
+
+    Returns the quotient-with-remainder of two Legendre series
+    `c1` / `c2`.  The arguments are sequences of coefficients from lowest
+    order "term" to highest, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series
+    ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of Legendre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    quo, rem : ndarrays
+        Of Legendre series coefficients representing the quotient and
+        remainder.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legadd, legsub, legmulx, legmul, legpow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the (polynomial) division of one Legendre series by another
+    results in quotient and remainder terms that are not in the Legendre
+    polynomial basis set.  Thus, to express these results as a Legendre
+    series, it is necessary to "reproject" the results onto the Legendre
+    basis set, which may produce "unintuitive" (but correct) results; see
+    Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import legendre as L
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2,1)
+    >>> L.legdiv(c1,c2) # quotient "intuitive," remainder not
+    (array([3.]), array([-8., -4.]))
+    >>> c2 = (0,1,2,3)
+    >>> L.legdiv(c2,c1) # neither "intuitive"
+    (array([-0.07407407,  1.66666667]), array([-1.03703704, -2.51851852])) # may vary
+
+    """
+    return pu._div(legmul, c1, c2)
+
+
+def legpow(c, pow, maxpower=16):
+    """Raise a Legendre series to a power.
+
+    Returns the Legendre series `c` raised to the power `pow`. The
+    argument `c` is a sequence of coefficients ordered from low to high.
+    i.e., [1,2,3] is the series  ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2.``
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Legendre series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+    pow : integer
+        Power to which the series will be raised
+    maxpower : integer, optional
+        Maximum power allowed. This is mainly to limit growth of the series
+        to unmanageable size. Default is 16
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray
+        Legendre series of power.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legadd, legsub, legmulx, legmul, legdiv
+
+    """
+    return pu._pow(legmul, c, pow, maxpower)
+
+
+def legder(c, m=1, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Differentiate a Legendre series.
+
+    Returns the Legendre series coefficients `c` differentiated `m` times
+    along `axis`.  At each iteration the result is multiplied by `scl` (the
+    scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable). The argument
+    `c` is an array of coefficients from low to high degree along each
+    axis, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series ``1*L_0 + 2*L_1 + 3*L_2``
+    while [[1,2],[1,2]] represents ``1*L_0(x)*L_0(y) + 1*L_1(x)*L_0(y) +
+    2*L_0(x)*L_1(y) + 2*L_1(x)*L_1(y)`` if axis=0 is ``x`` and axis=1 is
+    ``y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        Array of Legendre series coefficients. If c is multidimensional the
+        different axis correspond to different variables with the degree in
+        each axis given by the corresponding index.
+    m : int, optional
+        Number of derivatives taken, must be non-negative. (Default: 1)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Each differentiation is multiplied by `scl`.  The end result is
+        multiplication by ``scl**m``.  This is for use in a linear change of
+        variable. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the derivative is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    der : ndarray
+        Legendre series of the derivative.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legint
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    In general, the result of differentiating a Legendre series does not
+    resemble the same operation on a power series. Thus the result of this
+    function may be "unintuitive," albeit correct; see Examples section
+    below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import legendre as L
+    >>> c = (1,2,3,4)
+    >>> L.legder(c)
+    array([  6.,   9.,  20.])
+    >>> L.legder(c, 3)
+    array([60.])
+    >>> L.legder(c, scl=-1)
+    array([ -6.,  -9., -20.])
+    >>> L.legder(c, 2,-1)
+    array([  9.,  60.])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of derivation")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of derivation must be non-negative")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    n = len(c)
+    if cnt >= n:
+        c = c[:1]*0
+    else:
+        for i in range(cnt):
+            n = n - 1
+            c *= scl
+            der = np.empty((n,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=c.dtype)
+            for j in range(n, 2, -1):
+                der[j - 1] = (2*j - 1)*c[j]
+                c[j - 2] += c[j]
+            if n > 1:
+                der[1] = 3*c[2]
+            der[0] = c[1]
+            c = der
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def legint(c, m=1, k=[], lbnd=0, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Integrate a Legendre series.
+
+    Returns the Legendre series coefficients `c` integrated `m` times from
+    `lbnd` along `axis`. At each iteration the resulting series is
+    **multiplied** by `scl` and an integration constant, `k`, is added.
+    The scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable.  ("Buyer
+    beware": note that, depending on what one is doing, one may want `scl`
+    to be the reciprocal of what one might expect; for more information,
+    see the Notes section below.)  The argument `c` is an array of
+    coefficients from low to high degree along each axis, e.g., [1,2,3]
+    represents the series ``L_0 + 2*L_1 + 3*L_2`` while [[1,2],[1,2]]
+    represents ``1*L_0(x)*L_0(y) + 1*L_1(x)*L_0(y) + 2*L_0(x)*L_1(y) +
+    2*L_1(x)*L_1(y)`` if axis=0 is ``x`` and axis=1 is ``y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        Array of Legendre series coefficients. If c is multidimensional the
+        different axis correspond to different variables with the degree in
+        each axis given by the corresponding index.
+    m : int, optional
+        Order of integration, must be positive. (Default: 1)
+    k : {[], list, scalar}, optional
+        Integration constant(s).  The value of the first integral at
+        ``lbnd`` is the first value in the list, the value of the second
+        integral at ``lbnd`` is the second value, etc.  If ``k == []`` (the
+        default), all constants are set to zero.  If ``m == 1``, a single
+        scalar can be given instead of a list.
+    lbnd : scalar, optional
+        The lower bound of the integral. (Default: 0)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Following each integration the result is *multiplied* by `scl`
+        before the integration constant is added. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the integral is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    S : ndarray
+        Legendre series coefficient array of the integral.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If ``m < 0``, ``len(k) > m``, ``np.ndim(lbnd) != 0``, or
+        ``np.ndim(scl) != 0``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legder
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Note that the result of each integration is *multiplied* by `scl`.
+    Why is this important to note?  Say one is making a linear change of
+    variable :math:`u = ax + b` in an integral relative to `x`.  Then
+    :math:`dx = du/a`, so one will need to set `scl` equal to
+    :math:`1/a` - perhaps not what one would have first thought.
+
+    Also note that, in general, the result of integrating a C-series needs
+    to be "reprojected" onto the C-series basis set.  Thus, typically,
+    the result of this function is "unintuitive," albeit correct; see
+    Examples section below.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import legendre as L
+    >>> c = (1,2,3)
+    >>> L.legint(c)
+    array([ 0.33333333,  0.4       ,  0.66666667,  0.6       ]) # may vary
+    >>> L.legint(c, 3)
+    array([  1.66666667e-02,  -1.78571429e-02,   4.76190476e-02, # may vary
+             -1.73472348e-18,   1.90476190e-02,   9.52380952e-03])
+    >>> L.legint(c, k=3)
+     array([ 3.33333333,  0.4       ,  0.66666667,  0.6       ]) # may vary
+    >>> L.legint(c, lbnd=-2)
+    array([ 7.33333333,  0.4       ,  0.66666667,  0.6       ]) # may vary
+    >>> L.legint(c, scl=2)
+    array([ 0.66666667,  0.8       ,  1.33333333,  1.2       ]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    if not np.iterable(k):
+        k = [k]
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of integration")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of integration must be non-negative")
+    if len(k) > cnt:
+        raise ValueError("Too many integration constants")
+    if np.ndim(lbnd) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("lbnd must be a scalar.")
+    if np.ndim(scl) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("scl must be a scalar.")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    k = list(k) + [0]*(cnt - len(k))
+    for i in range(cnt):
+        n = len(c)
+        c *= scl
+        if n == 1 and np.all(c[0] == 0):
+            c[0] += k[i]
+        else:
+            tmp = np.empty((n + 1,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=c.dtype)
+            tmp[0] = c[0]*0
+            tmp[1] = c[0]
+            if n > 1:
+                tmp[2] = c[1]/3
+            for j in range(2, n):
+                t = c[j]/(2*j + 1)
+                tmp[j + 1] = t
+                tmp[j - 1] -= t
+            tmp[0] += k[i] - legval(lbnd, tmp)
+            c = tmp
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def legval(x, c, tensor=True):
+    """
+    Evaluate a Legendre series at points x.
+
+    If `c` is of length `n + 1`, this function returns the value:
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 * L_0(x) + c_1 * L_1(x) + ... + c_n * L_n(x)
+
+    The parameter `x` is converted to an array only if it is a tuple or a
+    list, otherwise it is treated as a scalar. In either case, either `x`
+    or its elements must support multiplication and addition both with
+    themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array, then `p(x)` will have the same shape as `x`.  If
+    `c` is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the
+    value of `tensor`. If `tensor` is true the shape will be c.shape[1:] +
+    x.shape. If `tensor` is false the shape will be c.shape[1:]. Note that
+    scalars have shape (,).
+
+    Trailing zeros in the coefficients will be used in the evaluation, so
+    they should be avoided if efficiency is a concern.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, compatible object
+        If `x` is a list or tuple, it is converted to an ndarray, otherwise
+        it is left unchanged and treated as a scalar. In either case, `x`
+        or its elements must support addition and multiplication with
+        themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree n are contained in c[n]. If `c` is multidimensional the
+        remaining indices enumerate multiple polynomials. In the two
+        dimensional case the coefficients may be thought of as stored in
+        the columns of `c`.
+    tensor : boolean, optional
+        If True, the shape of the coefficient array is extended with ones
+        on the right, one for each dimension of `x`. Scalars have dimension 0
+        for this action. The result is that every column of coefficients in
+        `c` is evaluated for every element of `x`. If False, `x` is broadcast
+        over the columns of `c` for the evaluation.  This keyword is useful
+        when `c` is multidimensional. The default value is True.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, algebra_like
+        The shape of the return value is described above.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legval2d, leggrid2d, legval3d, leggrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The evaluation uses Clenshaw recursion, aka synthetic division.
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=False)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        c = c.astype(np.double)
+    if isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
+        x = np.asarray(x)
+    if isinstance(x, np.ndarray) and tensor:
+        c = c.reshape(c.shape + (1,)*x.ndim)
+
+    if len(c) == 1:
+        c0 = c[0]
+        c1 = 0
+    elif len(c) == 2:
+        c0 = c[0]
+        c1 = c[1]
+    else:
+        nd = len(c)
+        c0 = c[-2]
+        c1 = c[-1]
+        for i in range(3, len(c) + 1):
+            tmp = c0
+            nd = nd - 1
+            c0 = c[-i] - (c1*(nd - 1))/nd
+            c1 = tmp + (c1*x*(2*nd - 1))/nd
+    return c0 + c1*x
+
+
+def legval2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D Legendre series at points (x, y).
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * L_i(x) * L_j(y)
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and they
+    must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either `x`
+    and `y` or their elements must support multiplication and addition both
+    with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array a one is implicitly appended to its shape to make
+    it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] + x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points `(x, y)`,
+        where `x` and `y` must have the same shape. If `x` or `y` is a list
+        or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and if it isn't an ndarray it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term
+        of multi-degree i,j is contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has
+        dimension greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple
+        sets of coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional Legendre series at points formed
+        from pairs of corresponding values from `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legval, leggrid2d, legval3d, leggrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(legval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def leggrid2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D Legendre series on the Cartesian product of x and y.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * L_i(a) * L_j(b)
+
+    where the points `(a, b)` consist of all pairs formed by taking
+    `a` from `x` and `b` from `y`. The resulting points form a grid with
+    `x` in the first dimension and `y` in the second.
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In either
+    case, either `x` and `y` or their elements must support multiplication
+    and addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than two dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] +
+    x.shape + y.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x` and `y`.  If `x` or `y` is a list or
+        tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term of
+        multi-degree i,j is contained in `c[i,j]`. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional Chebyshev series at points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legval, legval2d, legval3d, leggrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(legval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def legval3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D Legendre series at points (x, y, z).
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y,z) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * L_i(x) * L_j(y) * L_k(z)
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if
+    they are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and
+    they must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either
+    `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support multiplication and
+    addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than 3 dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to its
+    shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible object
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points
+        `(x, y, z)`, where `x`, `y`, and `z` must have the same shape.  If
+        any of `x`, `y`, or `z` is a list or tuple, it is first converted
+        to an ndarray, otherwise it is left unchanged and if it isn't an
+        ndarray it is  treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term of
+        multi-degree i,j,k is contained in ``c[i,j,k]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than 3 the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the multidimensional polynomial on points formed with
+        triples of corresponding values from `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legval, legval2d, leggrid2d, leggrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(legval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def leggrid3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D Legendre series on the Cartesian product of x, y, and z.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b,c) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * L_i(a) * L_j(b) * L_k(c)
+
+    where the points `(a, b, c)` consist of all triples formed by taking
+    `a` from `x`, `b` from `y`, and `c` from `z`. The resulting points form
+    a grid with `x` in the first dimension, `y` in the second, and `z` in
+    the third.
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if they
+    are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In
+    either case, either `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support
+    multiplication and addition both with themselves and with the elements
+    of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than three dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape + y.shape + z.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible objects
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x`, `y`, and `z`.  If `x`,`y`, or `z` is a
+        list or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is
+        left unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a
+        scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree i,j are contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points in the Cartesian
+        product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legval, legval2d, leggrid2d, legval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(legval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def legvander(x, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degree.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degree `deg` and sample points
+    `x`. The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., i] = L_i(x)
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg`. The leading indices of `V` index the elements of
+    `x` and the last index is the degree of the Legendre polynomial.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array of coefficients of length `n + 1` and `V` is the
+    array ``V = legvander(x, n)``, then ``np.dot(V, c)`` and
+    ``legval(x, c)`` are the same up to roundoff. This equivalence is
+    useful both for least squares fitting and for the evaluation of a large
+    number of Legendre series of the same degree and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Array of points. The dtype is converted to float64 or complex128
+        depending on whether any of the elements are complex. If `x` is
+        scalar it is converted to a 1-D array.
+    deg : int
+        Degree of the resulting matrix.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander : ndarray
+        The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix. The shape of the returned matrix is
+        ``x.shape + (deg + 1,)``, where The last index is the degree of the
+        corresponding Legendre polynomial.  The dtype will be the same as
+        the converted `x`.
+
+    """
+    ideg = pu._deprecate_as_int(deg, "deg")
+    if ideg < 0:
+        raise ValueError("deg must be non-negative")
+
+    x = np.array(x, copy=False, ndmin=1) + 0.0
+    dims = (ideg + 1,) + x.shape
+    dtyp = x.dtype
+    v = np.empty(dims, dtype=dtyp)
+    # Use forward recursion to generate the entries. This is not as accurate
+    # as reverse recursion in this application but it is more efficient.
+    v[0] = x*0 + 1
+    if ideg > 0:
+        v[1] = x
+        for i in range(2, ideg + 1):
+            v[i] = (v[i-1]*x*(2*i - 1) - v[i-2]*(i - 1))/i
+    return np.moveaxis(v, 0, -1)
+
+
+def legvander2d(x, y, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y)`. The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (deg[1] + 1)*i + j] = L_i(x) * L_j(y),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg[0]` and `0 <= j <= deg[1]`. The leading indices of
+    `V` index the points `(x, y)` and the last index encodes the degrees of
+    the Legendre polynomials.
+
+    If ``V = legvander2d(x, y, [xdeg, ydeg])``, then the columns of `V`
+    correspond to the elements of a 2-D coefficient array `c` of shape
+    (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{00}, c_{01}, c_{02} ... , c_{10}, c_{11}, c_{12} ...
+
+    and ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``legval2d(x, y, c)`` will be the same
+    up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 2-D Legendre
+    series of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes
+        will be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on
+        whether any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to
+        1-D arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander2d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg[1]+1)`.  The dtype will be the same
+        as the converted `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legvander, legvander3d, legval2d, legval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((legvander, legvander), (x, y), deg)
+
+
+def legvander3d(x, y, z, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y, z)`. If `l, m, n` are the given degrees in `x, y, z`,
+    then The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (m+1)(n+1)i + (n+1)j + k] = L_i(x)*L_j(y)*L_k(z),
+
+    where `0 <= i <= l`, `0 <= j <= m`, and `0 <= j <= n`.  The leading
+    indices of `V` index the points `(x, y, z)` and the last index encodes
+    the degrees of the Legendre polynomials.
+
+    If ``V = legvander3d(x, y, z, [xdeg, ydeg, zdeg])``, then the columns
+    of `V` correspond to the elements of a 3-D coefficient array `c` of
+    shape (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1, zdeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{000}, c_{001}, c_{002},... , c_{010}, c_{011}, c_{012},...
+
+    and ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``legval3d(x, y, z, c)`` will be the
+    same up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 3-D Legendre
+    series of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes will
+        be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on whether
+        any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to 1-D
+        arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg, z_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander3d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg[1]+1)*(deg[2]+1)`.  The dtype will
+        be the same as the converted `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    legvander, legvander3d, legval2d, legval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((legvander, legvander, legvander), (x, y, z), deg)
+
+
+def legfit(x, y, deg, rcond=None, full=False, w=None):
+    """
+    Least squares fit of Legendre series to data.
+
+    Return the coefficients of a Legendre series of degree `deg` that is the
+    least squares fit to the data values `y` given at points `x`. If `y` is
+    1-D the returned coefficients will also be 1-D. If `y` is 2-D multiple
+    fits are done, one for each column of `y`, and the resulting
+    coefficients are stored in the corresponding columns of a 2-D return.
+    The fitted polynomial(s) are in the form
+
+    .. math::  p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * L_1(x) + ... + c_n * L_n(x),
+
+    where `n` is `deg`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, shape (M,)
+        x-coordinates of the M sample points ``(x[i], y[i])``.
+    y : array_like, shape (M,) or (M, K)
+        y-coordinates of the sample points. Several data sets of sample
+        points sharing the same x-coordinates can be fitted at once by
+        passing in a 2D-array that contains one dataset per column.
+    deg : int or 1-D array_like
+        Degree(s) of the fitting polynomials. If `deg` is a single integer
+        all terms up to and including the `deg`'th term are included in the
+        fit. For NumPy versions >= 1.11.0 a list of integers specifying the
+        degrees of the terms to include may be used instead.
+    rcond : float, optional
+        Relative condition number of the fit. Singular values smaller than
+        this relative to the largest singular value will be ignored. The
+        default value is len(x)*eps, where eps is the relative precision of
+        the float type, about 2e-16 in most cases.
+    full : bool, optional
+        Switch determining nature of return value. When it is False (the
+        default) just the coefficients are returned, when True diagnostic
+        information from the singular value decomposition is also returned.
+    w : array_like, shape (`M`,), optional
+        Weights. If not None, the weight ``w[i]`` applies to the unsquared
+        residual ``y[i] - y_hat[i]`` at ``x[i]``. Ideally the weights are
+        chosen so that the errors of the products ``w[i]*y[i]`` all have the
+        same variance.  When using inverse-variance weighting, use
+        ``w[i] = 1/sigma(y[i])``.  The default value is None.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray, shape (M,) or (M, K)
+        Legendre coefficients ordered from low to high. If `y` was
+        2-D, the coefficients for the data in column k of `y` are in
+        column `k`. If `deg` is specified as a list, coefficients for
+        terms not included in the fit are set equal to zero in the
+        returned `coef`.
+
+    [residuals, rank, singular_values, rcond] : list
+        These values are only returned if ``full == True``
+
+        - residuals -- sum of squared residuals of the least squares fit
+        - rank -- the numerical rank of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - singular_values -- singular values of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - rcond -- value of `rcond`.
+
+        For more details, see `numpy.linalg.lstsq`.
+
+    Warns
+    -----
+    RankWarning
+        The rank of the coefficient matrix in the least-squares fit is
+        deficient. The warning is only raised if ``full == False``.  The
+        warnings can be turned off by
+
+        >>> import warnings
+        >>> warnings.simplefilter('ignore', np.RankWarning)
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyfit
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebfit
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagfit
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermfit
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermefit
+    legval : Evaluates a Legendre series.
+    legvander : Vandermonde matrix of Legendre series.
+    legweight : Legendre weight function (= 1).
+    numpy.linalg.lstsq : Computes a least-squares fit from the matrix.
+    scipy.interpolate.UnivariateSpline : Computes spline fits.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The solution is the coefficients of the Legendre series `p` that
+    minimizes the sum of the weighted squared errors
+
+    .. math:: E = \\sum_j w_j^2 * |y_j - p(x_j)|^2,
+
+    where :math:`w_j` are the weights. This problem is solved by setting up
+    as the (typically) overdetermined matrix equation
+
+    .. math:: V(x) * c = w * y,
+
+    where `V` is the weighted pseudo Vandermonde matrix of `x`, `c` are the
+    coefficients to be solved for, `w` are the weights, and `y` are the
+    observed values.  This equation is then solved using the singular value
+    decomposition of `V`.
+
+    If some of the singular values of `V` are so small that they are
+    neglected, then a `RankWarning` will be issued. This means that the
+    coefficient values may be poorly determined. Using a lower order fit
+    will usually get rid of the warning.  The `rcond` parameter can also be
+    set to a value smaller than its default, but the resulting fit may be
+    spurious and have large contributions from roundoff error.
+
+    Fits using Legendre series are usually better conditioned than fits
+    using power series, but much can depend on the distribution of the
+    sample points and the smoothness of the data. If the quality of the fit
+    is inadequate splines may be a good alternative.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Wikipedia, "Curve fitting",
+           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve_fitting
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    """
+    return pu._fit(legvander, x, y, deg, rcond, full, w)
+
+
+def legcompanion(c):
+    """Return the scaled companion matrix of c.
+
+    The basis polynomials are scaled so that the companion matrix is
+    symmetric when `c` is an Legendre basis polynomial. This provides
+    better eigenvalue estimates than the unscaled case and for basis
+    polynomials the eigenvalues are guaranteed to be real if
+    `numpy.linalg.eigvalsh` is used to obtain them.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of Legendre series coefficients ordered from low to high
+        degree.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    mat : ndarray
+        Scaled companion matrix of dimensions (deg, deg).
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) < 2:
+        raise ValueError('Series must have maximum degree of at least 1.')
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([[-c[0]/c[1]]])
+
+    n = len(c) - 1
+    mat = np.zeros((n, n), dtype=c.dtype)
+    scl = 1./np.sqrt(2*np.arange(n) + 1)
+    top = mat.reshape(-1)[1::n+1]
+    bot = mat.reshape(-1)[n::n+1]
+    top[...] = np.arange(1, n)*scl[:n-1]*scl[1:n]
+    bot[...] = top
+    mat[:, -1] -= (c[:-1]/c[-1])*(scl/scl[-1])*(n/(2*n - 1))
+    return mat
+
+
+def legroots(c):
+    """
+    Compute the roots of a Legendre series.
+
+    Return the roots (a.k.a. "zeros") of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = \\sum_i c[i] * L_i(x).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : 1-D array_like
+        1-D array of coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array of the roots of the series. If all the roots are real,
+        then `out` is also real, otherwise it is complex.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.polynomial.polyroots
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebroots
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermeroots
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The root estimates are obtained as the eigenvalues of the companion
+    matrix, Roots far from the origin of the complex plane may have large
+    errors due to the numerical instability of the series for such values.
+    Roots with multiplicity greater than 1 will also show larger errors as
+    the value of the series near such points is relatively insensitive to
+    errors in the roots. Isolated roots near the origin can be improved by
+    a few iterations of Newton's method.
+
+    The Legendre series basis polynomials aren't powers of ``x`` so the
+    results of this function may seem unintuitive.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.polynomial.legendre as leg
+    >>> leg.legroots((1, 2, 3, 4)) # 4L_3 + 3L_2 + 2L_1 + 1L_0, all real roots
+    array([-0.85099543, -0.11407192,  0.51506735]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) < 2:
+        return np.array([], dtype=c.dtype)
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([-c[0]/c[1]])
+
+    # rotated companion matrix reduces error
+    m = legcompanion(c)[::-1,::-1]
+    r = la.eigvals(m)
+    r.sort()
+    return r
+
+
+def leggauss(deg):
+    """
+    Gauss-Legendre quadrature.
+
+    Computes the sample points and weights for Gauss-Legendre quadrature.
+    These sample points and weights will correctly integrate polynomials of
+    degree :math:`2*deg - 1` or less over the interval :math:`[-1, 1]` with
+    the weight function :math:`f(x) = 1`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    deg : int
+        Number of sample points and weights. It must be >= 1.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    x : ndarray
+        1-D ndarray containing the sample points.
+    y : ndarray
+        1-D ndarray containing the weights.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    The results have only been tested up to degree 100, higher degrees may
+    be problematic. The weights are determined by using the fact that
+
+    .. math:: w_k = c / (L'_n(x_k) * L_{n-1}(x_k))
+
+    where :math:`c` is a constant independent of :math:`k` and :math:`x_k`
+    is the k'th root of :math:`L_n`, and then scaling the results to get
+    the right value when integrating 1.
+
+    """
+    ideg = pu._deprecate_as_int(deg, "deg")
+    if ideg <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("deg must be a positive integer")
+
+    # first approximation of roots. We use the fact that the companion
+    # matrix is symmetric in this case in order to obtain better zeros.
+    c = np.array([0]*deg + [1])
+    m = legcompanion(c)
+    x = la.eigvalsh(m)
+
+    # improve roots by one application of Newton
+    dy = legval(x, c)
+    df = legval(x, legder(c))
+    x -= dy/df
+
+    # compute the weights. We scale the factor to avoid possible numerical
+    # overflow.
+    fm = legval(x, c[1:])
+    fm /= np.abs(fm).max()
+    df /= np.abs(df).max()
+    w = 1/(fm * df)
+
+    # for Legendre we can also symmetrize
+    w = (w + w[::-1])/2
+    x = (x - x[::-1])/2
+
+    # scale w to get the right value
+    w *= 2. / w.sum()
+
+    return x, w
+
+
+def legweight(x):
+    """
+    Weight function of the Legendre polynomials.
+
+    The weight function is :math:`1` and the interval of integration is
+    :math:`[-1, 1]`. The Legendre polynomials are orthogonal, but not
+    normalized, with respect to this weight function.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+       Values at which the weight function will be computed.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    w : ndarray
+       The weight function at `x`.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    w = x*0.0 + 1.0
+    return w
+
+#
+# Legendre series class
+#
+
+class Legendre(ABCPolyBase):
+    """A Legendre series class.
+
+    The Legendre class provides the standard Python numerical methods
+    '+', '-', '*', '//', '%', 'divmod', '**', and '()' as well as the
+    attributes and methods listed in the `ABCPolyBase` documentation.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coef : array_like
+        Legendre coefficients in order of increasing degree, i.e.,
+        ``(1, 2, 3)`` gives ``1*P_0(x) + 2*P_1(x) + 3*P_2(x)``.
+    domain : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Domain to use. The interval ``[domain[0], domain[1]]`` is mapped
+        to the interval ``[window[0], window[1]]`` by shifting and scaling.
+        The default value is [-1, 1].
+    window : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Window, see `domain` for its use. The default value is [-1, 1].
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+    symbol : str, optional
+        Symbol used to represent the independent variable in string
+        representations of the polynomial expression, e.g. for printing.
+        The symbol must be a valid Python identifier. Default value is 'x'.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.24
+
+    """
+    # Virtual Functions
+    _add = staticmethod(legadd)
+    _sub = staticmethod(legsub)
+    _mul = staticmethod(legmul)
+    _div = staticmethod(legdiv)
+    _pow = staticmethod(legpow)
+    _val = staticmethod(legval)
+    _int = staticmethod(legint)
+    _der = staticmethod(legder)
+    _fit = staticmethod(legfit)
+    _line = staticmethod(legline)
+    _roots = staticmethod(legroots)
+    _fromroots = staticmethod(legfromroots)
+
+    # Virtual properties
+    domain = np.array(legdomain)
+    window = np.array(legdomain)
+    basis_name = 'P'
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/legendre.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/legendre.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63a1c3f3a1f89c2c2da61e385f7dba1e7be16c06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/legendre.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from numpy import ndarray, dtype, int_
+from numpy.polynomial._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+from numpy.polynomial.polyutils import trimcoef
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+legtrim = trimcoef
+
+def poly2leg(pol): ...
+def leg2poly(c): ...
+
+legdomain: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+legzero: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+legone: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+legx: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+
+def legline(off, scl): ...
+def legfromroots(roots): ...
+def legadd(c1, c2): ...
+def legsub(c1, c2): ...
+def legmulx(c): ...
+def legmul(c1, c2): ...
+def legdiv(c1, c2): ...
+def legpow(c, pow, maxpower=...): ...
+def legder(c, m=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def legint(c, m=..., k = ..., lbnd=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def legval(x, c, tensor=...): ...
+def legval2d(x, y, c): ...
+def leggrid2d(x, y, c): ...
+def legval3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def leggrid3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def legvander(x, deg): ...
+def legvander2d(x, y, deg): ...
+def legvander3d(x, y, z, deg): ...
+def legfit(x, y, deg, rcond=..., full=..., w=...): ...
+def legcompanion(c): ...
+def legroots(c): ...
+def leggauss(deg): ...
+def legweight(x): ...
+
+class Legendre(ABCPolyBase):
+    domain: Any
+    window: Any
+    basis_name: Any
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polynomial.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polynomial.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ceadff0bf4ed32f8bbbb9f208bf4d84946efe195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polynomial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1542 @@
+"""
+=================================================
+Power Series (:mod:`numpy.polynomial.polynomial`)
+=================================================
+
+This module provides a number of objects (mostly functions) useful for
+dealing with polynomials, including a `Polynomial` class that
+encapsulates the usual arithmetic operations.  (General information
+on how this module represents and works with polynomial objects is in
+the docstring for its "parent" sub-package, `numpy.polynomial`).
+
+Classes
+-------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   Polynomial
+
+Constants
+---------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   polydomain
+   polyzero
+   polyone
+   polyx
+
+Arithmetic
+----------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   polyadd
+   polysub
+   polymulx
+   polymul
+   polydiv
+   polypow
+   polyval
+   polyval2d
+   polyval3d
+   polygrid2d
+   polygrid3d
+
+Calculus
+--------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   polyder
+   polyint
+
+Misc Functions
+--------------
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   polyfromroots
+   polyroots
+   polyvalfromroots
+   polyvander
+   polyvander2d
+   polyvander3d
+   polycompanion
+   polyfit
+   polytrim
+   polyline
+
+See Also
+--------
+`numpy.polynomial`
+
+"""
+__all__ = [
+    'polyzero', 'polyone', 'polyx', 'polydomain', 'polyline', 'polyadd',
+    'polysub', 'polymulx', 'polymul', 'polydiv', 'polypow', 'polyval',
+    'polyvalfromroots', 'polyder', 'polyint', 'polyfromroots', 'polyvander',
+    'polyfit', 'polytrim', 'polyroots', 'Polynomial', 'polyval2d', 'polyval3d',
+    'polygrid2d', 'polygrid3d', 'polyvander2d', 'polyvander3d']
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.linalg as la
+from numpy.core.multiarray import normalize_axis_index
+
+from . import polyutils as pu
+from ._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+
+polytrim = pu.trimcoef
+
+#
+# These are constant arrays are of integer type so as to be compatible
+# with the widest range of other types, such as Decimal.
+#
+
+# Polynomial default domain.
+polydomain = np.array([-1, 1])
+
+# Polynomial coefficients representing zero.
+polyzero = np.array([0])
+
+# Polynomial coefficients representing one.
+polyone = np.array([1])
+
+# Polynomial coefficients representing the identity x.
+polyx = np.array([0, 1])
+
+#
+# Polynomial series functions
+#
+
+
+def polyline(off, scl):
+    """
+    Returns an array representing a linear polynomial.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    off, scl : scalars
+        The "y-intercept" and "slope" of the line, respectively.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    y : ndarray
+        This module's representation of the linear polynomial ``off +
+        scl*x``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebline
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legline
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagline
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermline
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermeline
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polynomial as P
+    >>> P.polyline(1,-1)
+    array([ 1, -1])
+    >>> P.polyval(1, P.polyline(1,-1)) # should be 0
+    0.0
+
+    """
+    if scl != 0:
+        return np.array([off, scl])
+    else:
+        return np.array([off])
+
+
+def polyfromroots(roots):
+    """
+    Generate a monic polynomial with given roots.
+
+    Return the coefficients of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = (x - r_0) * (x - r_1) * ... * (x - r_n),
+
+    where the ``r_n`` are the roots specified in `roots`.  If a zero has
+    multiplicity n, then it must appear in `roots` n times. For instance,
+    if 2 is a root of multiplicity three and 3 is a root of multiplicity 2,
+    then `roots` looks something like [2, 2, 2, 3, 3]. The roots can appear
+    in any order.
+
+    If the returned coefficients are `c`, then
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * x + ... +  x^n
+
+    The coefficient of the last term is 1 for monic polynomials in this
+    form.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    roots : array_like
+        Sequence containing the roots.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        1-D array of the polynomial's coefficients If all the roots are
+        real, then `out` is also real, otherwise it is complex.  (see
+        Examples below).
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermfromroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermefromroots
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The coefficients are determined by multiplying together linear factors
+    of the form ``(x - r_i)``, i.e.
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = (x - r_0) (x - r_1) ... (x - r_n)
+
+    where ``n == len(roots) - 1``; note that this implies that ``1`` is always
+    returned for :math:`a_n`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polynomial as P
+    >>> P.polyfromroots((-1,0,1)) # x(x - 1)(x + 1) = x^3 - x
+    array([ 0., -1.,  0.,  1.])
+    >>> j = complex(0,1)
+    >>> P.polyfromroots((-j,j)) # complex returned, though values are real
+    array([1.+0.j,  0.+0.j,  1.+0.j])
+
+    """
+    return pu._fromroots(polyline, polymul, roots)
+
+
+def polyadd(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Add one polynomial to another.
+
+    Returns the sum of two polynomials `c1` + `c2`.  The arguments are
+    sequences of coefficients from lowest order term to highest, i.e.,
+    [1,2,3] represents the polynomial ``1 + 2*x + 3*x**2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of polynomial coefficients ordered from low to high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        The coefficient array representing their sum.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polysub, polymulx, polymul, polydiv, polypow
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polynomial as P
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2,1)
+    >>> sum = P.polyadd(c1,c2); sum
+    array([4.,  4.,  4.])
+    >>> P.polyval(2, sum) # 4 + 4(2) + 4(2**2)
+    28.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._add(c1, c2)
+
+
+def polysub(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Subtract one polynomial from another.
+
+    Returns the difference of two polynomials `c1` - `c2`.  The arguments
+    are sequences of coefficients from lowest order term to highest, i.e.,
+    [1,2,3] represents the polynomial ``1 + 2*x + 3*x**2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of polynomial coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of coefficients representing their difference.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyadd, polymulx, polymul, polydiv, polypow
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polynomial as P
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2,1)
+    >>> P.polysub(c1,c2)
+    array([-2.,  0.,  2.])
+    >>> P.polysub(c2,c1) # -P.polysub(c1,c2)
+    array([ 2.,  0., -2.])
+
+    """
+    return pu._sub(c1, c2)
+
+
+def polymulx(c):
+    """Multiply a polynomial by x.
+
+    Multiply the polynomial `c` by x, where x is the independent
+    variable.
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of polynomial coefficients ordered from low to
+        high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array representing the result of the multiplication.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyadd, polysub, polymul, polydiv, polypow
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    # The zero series needs special treatment
+    if len(c) == 1 and c[0] == 0:
+        return c
+
+    prd = np.empty(len(c) + 1, dtype=c.dtype)
+    prd[0] = c[0]*0
+    prd[1:] = c
+    return prd
+
+
+def polymul(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Multiply one polynomial by another.
+
+    Returns the product of two polynomials `c1` * `c2`.  The arguments are
+    sequences of coefficients, from lowest order term to highest, e.g.,
+    [1,2,3] represents the polynomial ``1 + 2*x + 3*x**2.``
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of coefficients representing a polynomial, relative to the
+        "standard" basis, and ordered from lowest order term to highest.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Of the coefficients of their product.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyadd, polysub, polymulx, polydiv, polypow
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polynomial as P
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2,1)
+    >>> P.polymul(c1,c2)
+    array([  3.,   8.,  14.,   8.,   3.])
+
+    """
+    # c1, c2 are trimmed copies
+    [c1, c2] = pu.as_series([c1, c2])
+    ret = np.convolve(c1, c2)
+    return pu.trimseq(ret)
+
+
+def polydiv(c1, c2):
+    """
+    Divide one polynomial by another.
+
+    Returns the quotient-with-remainder of two polynomials `c1` / `c2`.
+    The arguments are sequences of coefficients, from lowest order term
+    to highest, e.g., [1,2,3] represents ``1 + 2*x + 3*x**2``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c1, c2 : array_like
+        1-D arrays of polynomial coefficients ordered from low to high.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    [quo, rem] : ndarrays
+        Of coefficient series representing the quotient and remainder.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyadd, polysub, polymulx, polymul, polypow
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polynomial as P
+    >>> c1 = (1,2,3)
+    >>> c2 = (3,2,1)
+    >>> P.polydiv(c1,c2)
+    (array([3.]), array([-8., -4.]))
+    >>> P.polydiv(c2,c1)
+    (array([ 0.33333333]), array([ 2.66666667,  1.33333333])) # may vary
+
+    """
+    # c1, c2 are trimmed copies
+    [c1, c2] = pu.as_series([c1, c2])
+    if c2[-1] == 0:
+        raise ZeroDivisionError()
+
+    # note: this is more efficient than `pu._div(polymul, c1, c2)`
+    lc1 = len(c1)
+    lc2 = len(c2)
+    if lc1 < lc2:
+        return c1[:1]*0, c1
+    elif lc2 == 1:
+        return c1/c2[-1], c1[:1]*0
+    else:
+        dlen = lc1 - lc2
+        scl = c2[-1]
+        c2 = c2[:-1]/scl
+        i = dlen
+        j = lc1 - 1
+        while i >= 0:
+            c1[i:j] -= c2*c1[j]
+            i -= 1
+            j -= 1
+        return c1[j+1:]/scl, pu.trimseq(c1[:j+1])
+
+
+def polypow(c, pow, maxpower=None):
+    """Raise a polynomial to a power.
+
+    Returns the polynomial `c` raised to the power `pow`. The argument
+    `c` is a sequence of coefficients ordered from low to high. i.e.,
+    [1,2,3] is the series  ``1 + 2*x + 3*x**2.``
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of array of series coefficients ordered from low to
+        high degree.
+    pow : integer
+        Power to which the series will be raised
+    maxpower : integer, optional
+        Maximum power allowed. This is mainly to limit growth of the series
+        to unmanageable size. Default is 16
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray
+        Power series of power.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyadd, polysub, polymulx, polymul, polydiv
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polynomial as P
+    >>> P.polypow([1,2,3], 2)
+    array([ 1., 4., 10., 12., 9.])
+
+    """
+    # note: this is more efficient than `pu._pow(polymul, c1, c2)`, as it
+    # avoids calling `as_series` repeatedly
+    return pu._pow(np.convolve, c, pow, maxpower)
+
+
+def polyder(c, m=1, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Differentiate a polynomial.
+
+    Returns the polynomial coefficients `c` differentiated `m` times along
+    `axis`.  At each iteration the result is multiplied by `scl` (the
+    scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable).  The
+    argument `c` is an array of coefficients from low to high degree along
+    each axis, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the polynomial ``1 + 2*x + 3*x**2``
+    while [[1,2],[1,2]] represents ``1 + 1*x + 2*y + 2*x*y`` if axis=0 is
+    ``x`` and axis=1 is ``y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        Array of polynomial coefficients. If c is multidimensional the
+        different axis correspond to different variables with the degree
+        in each axis given by the corresponding index.
+    m : int, optional
+        Number of derivatives taken, must be non-negative. (Default: 1)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Each differentiation is multiplied by `scl`.  The end result is
+        multiplication by ``scl**m``.  This is for use in a linear change
+        of variable. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the derivative is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    der : ndarray
+        Polynomial coefficients of the derivative.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyint
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polynomial as P
+    >>> c = (1,2,3,4) # 1 + 2x + 3x**2 + 4x**3
+    >>> P.polyder(c) # (d/dx)(c) = 2 + 6x + 12x**2
+    array([  2.,   6.,  12.])
+    >>> P.polyder(c,3) # (d**3/dx**3)(c) = 24
+    array([24.])
+    >>> P.polyder(c,scl=-1) # (d/d(-x))(c) = -2 - 6x - 12x**2
+    array([ -2.,  -6., -12.])
+    >>> P.polyder(c,2,-1) # (d**2/d(-x)**2)(c) = 6 + 24x
+    array([  6.,  24.])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        # astype fails with NA
+        c = c + 0.0
+    cdt = c.dtype
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of derivation")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of derivation must be non-negative")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    n = len(c)
+    if cnt >= n:
+        c = c[:1]*0
+    else:
+        for i in range(cnt):
+            n = n - 1
+            c *= scl
+            der = np.empty((n,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=cdt)
+            for j in range(n, 0, -1):
+                der[j - 1] = j*c[j]
+            c = der
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def polyint(c, m=1, k=[], lbnd=0, scl=1, axis=0):
+    """
+    Integrate a polynomial.
+
+    Returns the polynomial coefficients `c` integrated `m` times from
+    `lbnd` along `axis`.  At each iteration the resulting series is
+    **multiplied** by `scl` and an integration constant, `k`, is added.
+    The scaling factor is for use in a linear change of variable.  ("Buyer
+    beware": note that, depending on what one is doing, one may want `scl`
+    to be the reciprocal of what one might expect; for more information,
+    see the Notes section below.) The argument `c` is an array of
+    coefficients, from low to high degree along each axis, e.g., [1,2,3]
+    represents the polynomial ``1 + 2*x + 3*x**2`` while [[1,2],[1,2]]
+    represents ``1 + 1*x + 2*y + 2*x*y`` if axis=0 is ``x`` and axis=1 is
+    ``y``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of polynomial coefficients, ordered from low to high.
+    m : int, optional
+        Order of integration, must be positive. (Default: 1)
+    k : {[], list, scalar}, optional
+        Integration constant(s).  The value of the first integral at zero
+        is the first value in the list, the value of the second integral
+        at zero is the second value, etc.  If ``k == []`` (the default),
+        all constants are set to zero.  If ``m == 1``, a single scalar can
+        be given instead of a list.
+    lbnd : scalar, optional
+        The lower bound of the integral. (Default: 0)
+    scl : scalar, optional
+        Following each integration the result is *multiplied* by `scl`
+        before the integration constant is added. (Default: 1)
+    axis : int, optional
+        Axis over which the integral is taken. (Default: 0).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    S : ndarray
+        Coefficient array of the integral.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If ``m < 1``, ``len(k) > m``, ``np.ndim(lbnd) != 0``, or
+        ``np.ndim(scl) != 0``.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyder
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Note that the result of each integration is *multiplied* by `scl`.  Why
+    is this important to note?  Say one is making a linear change of
+    variable :math:`u = ax + b` in an integral relative to `x`. Then
+    :math:`dx = du/a`, so one will need to set `scl` equal to
+    :math:`1/a` - perhaps not what one would have first thought.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polynomial as P
+    >>> c = (1,2,3)
+    >>> P.polyint(c) # should return array([0, 1, 1, 1])
+    array([0.,  1.,  1.,  1.])
+    >>> P.polyint(c,3) # should return array([0, 0, 0, 1/6, 1/12, 1/20])
+     array([ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        ,  0.16666667,  0.08333333, # may vary
+             0.05      ])
+    >>> P.polyint(c,k=3) # should return array([3, 1, 1, 1])
+    array([3.,  1.,  1.,  1.])
+    >>> P.polyint(c,lbnd=-2) # should return array([6, 1, 1, 1])
+    array([6.,  1.,  1.,  1.])
+    >>> P.polyint(c,scl=-2) # should return array([0, -2, -2, -2])
+    array([ 0., -2., -2., -2.])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=True)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        # astype doesn't preserve mask attribute.
+        c = c + 0.0
+    cdt = c.dtype
+    if not np.iterable(k):
+        k = [k]
+    cnt = pu._deprecate_as_int(m, "the order of integration")
+    iaxis = pu._deprecate_as_int(axis, "the axis")
+    if cnt < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The order of integration must be non-negative")
+    if len(k) > cnt:
+        raise ValueError("Too many integration constants")
+    if np.ndim(lbnd) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("lbnd must be a scalar.")
+    if np.ndim(scl) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("scl must be a scalar.")
+    iaxis = normalize_axis_index(iaxis, c.ndim)
+
+    if cnt == 0:
+        return c
+
+    k = list(k) + [0]*(cnt - len(k))
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, iaxis, 0)
+    for i in range(cnt):
+        n = len(c)
+        c *= scl
+        if n == 1 and np.all(c[0] == 0):
+            c[0] += k[i]
+        else:
+            tmp = np.empty((n + 1,) + c.shape[1:], dtype=cdt)
+            tmp[0] = c[0]*0
+            tmp[1] = c[0]
+            for j in range(1, n):
+                tmp[j + 1] = c[j]/(j + 1)
+            tmp[0] += k[i] - polyval(lbnd, tmp)
+            c = tmp
+    c = np.moveaxis(c, 0, iaxis)
+    return c
+
+
+def polyval(x, c, tensor=True):
+    """
+    Evaluate a polynomial at points x.
+
+    If `c` is of length `n + 1`, this function returns the value
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * x + ... + c_n * x^n
+
+    The parameter `x` is converted to an array only if it is a tuple or a
+    list, otherwise it is treated as a scalar. In either case, either `x`
+    or its elements must support multiplication and addition both with
+    themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array, then `p(x)` will have the same shape as `x`.  If
+    `c` is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the
+    value of `tensor`. If `tensor` is true the shape will be c.shape[1:] +
+    x.shape. If `tensor` is false the shape will be c.shape[1:]. Note that
+    scalars have shape (,).
+
+    Trailing zeros in the coefficients will be used in the evaluation, so
+    they should be avoided if efficiency is a concern.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, compatible object
+        If `x` is a list or tuple, it is converted to an ndarray, otherwise
+        it is left unchanged and treated as a scalar. In either case, `x`
+        or its elements must support addition and multiplication with
+        with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree n are contained in c[n]. If `c` is multidimensional the
+        remaining indices enumerate multiple polynomials. In the two
+        dimensional case the coefficients may be thought of as stored in
+        the columns of `c`.
+    tensor : boolean, optional
+        If True, the shape of the coefficient array is extended with ones
+        on the right, one for each dimension of `x`. Scalars have dimension 0
+        for this action. The result is that every column of coefficients in
+        `c` is evaluated for every element of `x`. If False, `x` is broadcast
+        over the columns of `c` for the evaluation.  This keyword is useful
+        when `c` is multidimensional. The default value is True.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The shape of the returned array is described above.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyval2d, polygrid2d, polyval3d, polygrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The evaluation uses Horner's method.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.polynomial import polyval
+    >>> polyval(1, [1,2,3])
+    6.0
+    >>> a = np.arange(4).reshape(2,2)
+    >>> a
+    array([[0, 1],
+           [2, 3]])
+    >>> polyval(a, [1,2,3])
+    array([[ 1.,   6.],
+           [17.,  34.]])
+    >>> coef = np.arange(4).reshape(2,2) # multidimensional coefficients
+    >>> coef
+    array([[0, 1],
+           [2, 3]])
+    >>> polyval([1,2], coef, tensor=True)
+    array([[2.,  4.],
+           [4.,  7.]])
+    >>> polyval([1,2], coef, tensor=False)
+    array([2.,  7.])
+
+    """
+    c = np.array(c, ndmin=1, copy=False)
+    if c.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        # astype fails with NA
+        c = c + 0.0
+    if isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
+        x = np.asarray(x)
+    if isinstance(x, np.ndarray) and tensor:
+        c = c.reshape(c.shape + (1,)*x.ndim)
+
+    c0 = c[-1] + x*0
+    for i in range(2, len(c) + 1):
+        c0 = c[-i] + c0*x
+    return c0
+
+
+def polyvalfromroots(x, r, tensor=True):
+    """
+    Evaluate a polynomial specified by its roots at points x.
+
+    If `r` is of length `N`, this function returns the value
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = \\prod_{n=1}^{N} (x - r_n)
+
+    The parameter `x` is converted to an array only if it is a tuple or a
+    list, otherwise it is treated as a scalar. In either case, either `x`
+    or its elements must support multiplication and addition both with
+    themselves and with the elements of `r`.
+
+    If `r` is a 1-D array, then `p(x)` will have the same shape as `x`.  If `r`
+    is multidimensional, then the shape of the result depends on the value of
+    `tensor`. If `tensor` is ``True`` the shape will be r.shape[1:] + x.shape;
+    that is, each polynomial is evaluated at every value of `x`. If `tensor` is
+    ``False``, the shape will be r.shape[1:]; that is, each polynomial is
+    evaluated only for the corresponding broadcast value of `x`. Note that
+    scalars have shape (,).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.12
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, compatible object
+        If `x` is a list or tuple, it is converted to an ndarray, otherwise
+        it is left unchanged and treated as a scalar. In either case, `x`
+        or its elements must support addition and multiplication with
+        with themselves and with the elements of `r`.
+    r : array_like
+        Array of roots. If `r` is multidimensional the first index is the
+        root index, while the remaining indices enumerate multiple
+        polynomials. For instance, in the two dimensional case the roots
+        of each polynomial may be thought of as stored in the columns of `r`.
+    tensor : boolean, optional
+        If True, the shape of the roots array is extended with ones on the
+        right, one for each dimension of `x`. Scalars have dimension 0 for this
+        action. The result is that every column of coefficients in `r` is
+        evaluated for every element of `x`. If False, `x` is broadcast over the
+        columns of `r` for the evaluation.  This keyword is useful when `r` is
+        multidimensional. The default value is True.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The shape of the returned array is described above.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyroots, polyfromroots, polyval
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial.polynomial import polyvalfromroots
+    >>> polyvalfromroots(1, [1,2,3])
+    0.0
+    >>> a = np.arange(4).reshape(2,2)
+    >>> a
+    array([[0, 1],
+           [2, 3]])
+    >>> polyvalfromroots(a, [-1, 0, 1])
+    array([[-0.,   0.],
+           [ 6.,  24.]])
+    >>> r = np.arange(-2, 2).reshape(2,2) # multidimensional coefficients
+    >>> r # each column of r defines one polynomial
+    array([[-2, -1],
+           [ 0,  1]])
+    >>> b = [-2, 1]
+    >>> polyvalfromroots(b, r, tensor=True)
+    array([[-0.,  3.],
+           [ 3., 0.]])
+    >>> polyvalfromroots(b, r, tensor=False)
+    array([-0.,  0.])
+    """
+    r = np.array(r, ndmin=1, copy=False)
+    if r.dtype.char in '?bBhHiIlLqQpP':
+        r = r.astype(np.double)
+    if isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
+        x = np.asarray(x)
+    if isinstance(x, np.ndarray):
+        if tensor:
+            r = r.reshape(r.shape + (1,)*x.ndim)
+        elif x.ndim >= r.ndim:
+            raise ValueError("x.ndim must be < r.ndim when tensor == False")
+    return np.prod(x - r, axis=0)
+
+
+def polyval2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D polynomial at points (x, y).
+
+    This function returns the value
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * x^i * y^j
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and they
+    must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either `x`
+    and `y` or their elements must support multiplication and addition both
+    with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than two dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] +
+    x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points `(x, y)`,
+        where `x` and `y` must have the same shape. If `x` or `y` is a list
+        or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term
+        of multi-degree i,j is contained in `c[i,j]`. If `c` has
+        dimension greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple
+        sets of coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points formed with
+        pairs of corresponding values from `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyval, polygrid2d, polyval3d, polygrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(polyval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def polygrid2d(x, y, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 2-D polynomial on the Cartesian product of x and y.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b) = \\sum_{i,j} c_{i,j} * a^i * b^j
+
+    where the points `(a, b)` consist of all pairs formed by taking
+    `a` from `x` and `b` from `y`. The resulting points form a grid with
+    `x` in the first dimension and `y` in the second.
+
+    The parameters `x` and `y` are converted to arrays only if they are
+    tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In either
+    case, either `x` and `y` or their elements must support multiplication
+    and addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than two dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 2-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[2:] +
+    x.shape + y.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like, compatible objects
+        The two dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x` and `y`.  If `x` or `y` is a list or
+        tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is left
+        unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree i,j are contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points in the Cartesian
+        product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyval, polyval2d, polyval3d, polygrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(polyval, c, x, y)
+
+
+def polyval3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D polynomial at points (x, y, z).
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(x,y,z) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * x^i * y^j * z^k
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if
+    they are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars and
+    they must have the same shape after conversion. In either case, either
+    `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support multiplication and
+    addition both with themselves and with the elements of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than 3 dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to its
+    shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible object
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points
+        `(x, y, z)`, where `x`, `y`, and `z` must have the same shape.  If
+        any of `x`, `y`, or `z` is a list or tuple, it is first converted
+        to an ndarray, otherwise it is left unchanged and if it isn't an
+        ndarray it is  treated as a scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficient of the term of
+        multi-degree i,j,k is contained in ``c[i,j,k]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than 3 the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the multidimensional polynomial on points formed with
+        triples of corresponding values from `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyval, polyval2d, polygrid2d, polygrid3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._valnd(polyval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def polygrid3d(x, y, z, c):
+    """
+    Evaluate a 3-D polynomial on the Cartesian product of x, y and z.
+
+    This function returns the values:
+
+    .. math:: p(a,b,c) = \\sum_{i,j,k} c_{i,j,k} * a^i * b^j * c^k
+
+    where the points `(a, b, c)` consist of all triples formed by taking
+    `a` from `x`, `b` from `y`, and `c` from `z`. The resulting points form
+    a grid with `x` in the first dimension, `y` in the second, and `z` in
+    the third.
+
+    The parameters `x`, `y`, and `z` are converted to arrays only if they
+    are tuples or a lists, otherwise they are treated as a scalars. In
+    either case, either `x`, `y`, and `z` or their elements must support
+    multiplication and addition both with themselves and with the elements
+    of `c`.
+
+    If `c` has fewer than three dimensions, ones are implicitly appended to
+    its shape to make it 3-D. The shape of the result will be c.shape[3:] +
+    x.shape + y.shape + z.shape.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like, compatible objects
+        The three dimensional series is evaluated at the points in the
+        Cartesian product of `x`, `y`, and `z`.  If `x`,`y`, or `z` is a
+        list or tuple, it is first converted to an ndarray, otherwise it is
+        left unchanged and, if it isn't an ndarray, it is treated as a
+        scalar.
+    c : array_like
+        Array of coefficients ordered so that the coefficients for terms of
+        degree i,j are contained in ``c[i,j]``. If `c` has dimension
+        greater than two the remaining indices enumerate multiple sets of
+        coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    values : ndarray, compatible object
+        The values of the two dimensional polynomial at points in the Cartesian
+        product of `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyval, polyval2d, polygrid2d, polyval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._gridnd(polyval, c, x, y, z)
+
+
+def polyvander(x, deg):
+    """Vandermonde matrix of given degree.
+
+    Returns the Vandermonde matrix of degree `deg` and sample points
+    `x`. The Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., i] = x^i,
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg`. The leading indices of `V` index the elements of
+    `x` and the last index is the power of `x`.
+
+    If `c` is a 1-D array of coefficients of length `n + 1` and `V` is the
+    matrix ``V = polyvander(x, n)``, then ``np.dot(V, c)`` and
+    ``polyval(x, c)`` are the same up to roundoff. This equivalence is
+    useful both for least squares fitting and for the evaluation of a large
+    number of polynomials of the same degree and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Array of points. The dtype is converted to float64 or complex128
+        depending on whether any of the elements are complex. If `x` is
+        scalar it is converted to a 1-D array.
+    deg : int
+        Degree of the resulting matrix.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander : ndarray.
+        The Vandermonde matrix. The shape of the returned matrix is
+        ``x.shape + (deg + 1,)``, where the last index is the power of `x`.
+        The dtype will be the same as the converted `x`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyvander2d, polyvander3d
+
+    """
+    ideg = pu._deprecate_as_int(deg, "deg")
+    if ideg < 0:
+        raise ValueError("deg must be non-negative")
+
+    x = np.array(x, copy=False, ndmin=1) + 0.0
+    dims = (ideg + 1,) + x.shape
+    dtyp = x.dtype
+    v = np.empty(dims, dtype=dtyp)
+    v[0] = x*0 + 1
+    if ideg > 0:
+        v[1] = x
+        for i in range(2, ideg + 1):
+            v[i] = v[i-1]*x
+    return np.moveaxis(v, 0, -1)
+
+
+def polyvander2d(x, y, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y)`. The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (deg[1] + 1)*i + j] = x^i * y^j,
+
+    where `0 <= i <= deg[0]` and `0 <= j <= deg[1]`. The leading indices of
+    `V` index the points `(x, y)` and the last index encodes the powers of
+    `x` and `y`.
+
+    If ``V = polyvander2d(x, y, [xdeg, ydeg])``, then the columns of `V`
+    correspond to the elements of a 2-D coefficient array `c` of shape
+    (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{00}, c_{01}, c_{02} ... , c_{10}, c_{11}, c_{12} ...
+
+    and ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``polyval2d(x, y, c)`` will be the same
+    up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 2-D polynomials
+    of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes
+        will be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on
+        whether any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to
+        1-D arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander2d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg([1]+1)`.  The dtype will be the same
+        as the converted `x` and `y`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyvander, polyvander3d, polyval2d, polyval3d
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((polyvander, polyvander), (x, y), deg)
+
+
+def polyvander3d(x, y, z, deg):
+    """Pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of given degrees.
+
+    Returns the pseudo-Vandermonde matrix of degrees `deg` and sample
+    points `(x, y, z)`. If `l, m, n` are the given degrees in `x, y, z`,
+    then The pseudo-Vandermonde matrix is defined by
+
+    .. math:: V[..., (m+1)(n+1)i + (n+1)j + k] = x^i * y^j * z^k,
+
+    where `0 <= i <= l`, `0 <= j <= m`, and `0 <= j <= n`.  The leading
+    indices of `V` index the points `(x, y, z)` and the last index encodes
+    the powers of `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    If ``V = polyvander3d(x, y, z, [xdeg, ydeg, zdeg])``, then the columns
+    of `V` correspond to the elements of a 3-D coefficient array `c` of
+    shape (xdeg + 1, ydeg + 1, zdeg + 1) in the order
+
+    .. math:: c_{000}, c_{001}, c_{002},... , c_{010}, c_{011}, c_{012},...
+
+    and  ``np.dot(V, c.flat)`` and ``polyval3d(x, y, z, c)`` will be the
+    same up to roundoff. This equivalence is useful both for least squares
+    fitting and for the evaluation of a large number of 3-D polynomials
+    of the same degrees and sample points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x, y, z : array_like
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes will
+        be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on whether
+        any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to 1-D
+        arrays.
+    deg : list of ints
+        List of maximum degrees of the form [x_deg, y_deg, z_deg].
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander3d : ndarray
+        The shape of the returned matrix is ``x.shape + (order,)``, where
+        :math:`order = (deg[0]+1)*(deg([1]+1)*(deg[2]+1)`.  The dtype will
+        be the same as the converted `x`, `y`, and `z`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    polyvander, polyvander3d, polyval2d, polyval3d
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    return pu._vander_nd_flat((polyvander, polyvander, polyvander), (x, y, z), deg)
+
+
+def polyfit(x, y, deg, rcond=None, full=False, w=None):
+    """
+    Least-squares fit of a polynomial to data.
+
+    Return the coefficients of a polynomial of degree `deg` that is the
+    least squares fit to the data values `y` given at points `x`. If `y` is
+    1-D the returned coefficients will also be 1-D. If `y` is 2-D multiple
+    fits are done, one for each column of `y`, and the resulting
+    coefficients are stored in the corresponding columns of a 2-D return.
+    The fitted polynomial(s) are in the form
+
+    .. math::  p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * x + ... + c_n * x^n,
+
+    where `n` is `deg`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like, shape (`M`,)
+        x-coordinates of the `M` sample (data) points ``(x[i], y[i])``.
+    y : array_like, shape (`M`,) or (`M`, `K`)
+        y-coordinates of the sample points.  Several sets of sample points
+        sharing the same x-coordinates can be (independently) fit with one
+        call to `polyfit` by passing in for `y` a 2-D array that contains
+        one data set per column.
+    deg : int or 1-D array_like
+        Degree(s) of the fitting polynomials. If `deg` is a single integer
+        all terms up to and including the `deg`'th term are included in the
+        fit. For NumPy versions >= 1.11.0 a list of integers specifying the
+        degrees of the terms to include may be used instead.
+    rcond : float, optional
+        Relative condition number of the fit.  Singular values smaller
+        than `rcond`, relative to the largest singular value, will be
+        ignored.  The default value is ``len(x)*eps``, where `eps` is the
+        relative precision of the platform's float type, about 2e-16 in
+        most cases.
+    full : bool, optional
+        Switch determining the nature of the return value.  When ``False``
+        (the default) just the coefficients are returned; when ``True``,
+        diagnostic information from the singular value decomposition (used
+        to solve the fit's matrix equation) is also returned.
+    w : array_like, shape (`M`,), optional
+        Weights. If not None, the weight ``w[i]`` applies to the unsquared
+        residual ``y[i] - y_hat[i]`` at ``x[i]``. Ideally the weights are
+        chosen so that the errors of the products ``w[i]*y[i]`` all have the
+        same variance.  When using inverse-variance weighting, use
+        ``w[i] = 1/sigma(y[i])``.  The default value is None.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coef : ndarray, shape (`deg` + 1,) or (`deg` + 1, `K`)
+        Polynomial coefficients ordered from low to high.  If `y` was 2-D,
+        the coefficients in column `k` of `coef` represent the polynomial
+        fit to the data in `y`'s `k`-th column.
+
+    [residuals, rank, singular_values, rcond] : list
+        These values are only returned if ``full == True``
+
+        - residuals -- sum of squared residuals of the least squares fit
+        - rank -- the numerical rank of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - singular_values -- singular values of the scaled Vandermonde matrix
+        - rcond -- value of `rcond`.
+
+        For more details, see `numpy.linalg.lstsq`.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    RankWarning
+        Raised if the matrix in the least-squares fit is rank deficient.
+        The warning is only raised if ``full == False``.  The warnings can
+        be turned off by:
+
+        >>> import warnings
+        >>> warnings.simplefilter('ignore', np.RankWarning)
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebfit
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legfit
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagfit
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermfit
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermefit
+    polyval : Evaluates a polynomial.
+    polyvander : Vandermonde matrix for powers.
+    numpy.linalg.lstsq : Computes a least-squares fit from the matrix.
+    scipy.interpolate.UnivariateSpline : Computes spline fits.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The solution is the coefficients of the polynomial `p` that minimizes
+    the sum of the weighted squared errors
+
+    .. math:: E = \\sum_j w_j^2 * |y_j - p(x_j)|^2,
+
+    where the :math:`w_j` are the weights. This problem is solved by
+    setting up the (typically) over-determined matrix equation:
+
+    .. math:: V(x) * c = w * y,
+
+    where `V` is the weighted pseudo Vandermonde matrix of `x`, `c` are the
+    coefficients to be solved for, `w` are the weights, and `y` are the
+    observed values.  This equation is then solved using the singular value
+    decomposition of `V`.
+
+    If some of the singular values of `V` are so small that they are
+    neglected (and `full` == ``False``), a `RankWarning` will be raised.
+    This means that the coefficient values may be poorly determined.
+    Fitting to a lower order polynomial will usually get rid of the warning
+    (but may not be what you want, of course; if you have independent
+    reason(s) for choosing the degree which isn't working, you may have to:
+    a) reconsider those reasons, and/or b) reconsider the quality of your
+    data).  The `rcond` parameter can also be set to a value smaller than
+    its default, but the resulting fit may be spurious and have large
+    contributions from roundoff error.
+
+    Polynomial fits using double precision tend to "fail" at about
+    (polynomial) degree 20. Fits using Chebyshev or Legendre series are
+    generally better conditioned, but much can still depend on the
+    distribution of the sample points and the smoothness of the data.  If
+    the quality of the fit is inadequate, splines may be a good
+    alternative.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.random.seed(123)
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polynomial as P
+    >>> x = np.linspace(-1,1,51) # x "data": [-1, -0.96, ..., 0.96, 1]
+    >>> y = x**3 - x + np.random.randn(len(x))  # x^3 - x + Gaussian noise
+    >>> c, stats = P.polyfit(x,y,3,full=True)
+    >>> np.random.seed(123)
+    >>> c # c[0], c[2] should be approx. 0, c[1] approx. -1, c[3] approx. 1
+    array([ 0.01909725, -1.30598256, -0.00577963,  1.02644286]) # may vary
+    >>> stats # note the large SSR, explaining the rather poor results
+     [array([ 38.06116253]), 4, array([ 1.38446749,  1.32119158,  0.50443316, # may vary
+              0.28853036]), 1.1324274851176597e-014]
+
+    Same thing without the added noise
+
+    >>> y = x**3 - x
+    >>> c, stats = P.polyfit(x,y,3,full=True)
+    >>> c # c[0], c[2] should be "very close to 0", c[1] ~= -1, c[3] ~= 1
+    array([-6.36925336e-18, -1.00000000e+00, -4.08053781e-16,  1.00000000e+00])
+    >>> stats # note the minuscule SSR
+    [array([  7.46346754e-31]), 4, array([ 1.38446749,  1.32119158, # may vary
+               0.50443316,  0.28853036]), 1.1324274851176597e-014]
+
+    """
+    return pu._fit(polyvander, x, y, deg, rcond, full, w)
+
+
+def polycompanion(c):
+    """
+    Return the companion matrix of c.
+
+    The companion matrix for power series cannot be made symmetric by
+    scaling the basis, so this function differs from those for the
+    orthogonal polynomials.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of polynomial coefficients ordered from low to high
+        degree.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    mat : ndarray
+        Companion matrix of dimensions (deg, deg).
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) < 2:
+        raise ValueError('Series must have maximum degree of at least 1.')
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([[-c[0]/c[1]]])
+
+    n = len(c) - 1
+    mat = np.zeros((n, n), dtype=c.dtype)
+    bot = mat.reshape(-1)[n::n+1]
+    bot[...] = 1
+    mat[:, -1] -= c[:-1]/c[-1]
+    return mat
+
+
+def polyroots(c):
+    """
+    Compute the roots of a polynomial.
+
+    Return the roots (a.k.a. "zeros") of the polynomial
+
+    .. math:: p(x) = \\sum_i c[i] * x^i.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : 1-D array_like
+        1-D array of polynomial coefficients.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array of the roots of the polynomial. If all the roots are real,
+        then `out` is also real, otherwise it is complex.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebroots
+    numpy.polynomial.legendre.legroots
+    numpy.polynomial.laguerre.lagroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite.hermroots
+    numpy.polynomial.hermite_e.hermeroots
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The root estimates are obtained as the eigenvalues of the companion
+    matrix, Roots far from the origin of the complex plane may have large
+    errors due to the numerical instability of the power series for such
+    values. Roots with multiplicity greater than 1 will also show larger
+    errors as the value of the series near such points is relatively
+    insensitive to errors in the roots. Isolated roots near the origin can
+    be improved by a few iterations of Newton's method.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import numpy.polynomial.polynomial as poly
+    >>> poly.polyroots(poly.polyfromroots((-1,0,1)))
+    array([-1.,  0.,  1.])
+    >>> poly.polyroots(poly.polyfromroots((-1,0,1))).dtype
+    dtype('float64')
+    >>> j = complex(0,1)
+    >>> poly.polyroots(poly.polyfromroots((-j,0,j)))
+    array([  0.00000000e+00+0.j,   0.00000000e+00+1.j,   2.77555756e-17-1.j]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = pu.as_series([c])
+    if len(c) < 2:
+        return np.array([], dtype=c.dtype)
+    if len(c) == 2:
+        return np.array([-c[0]/c[1]])
+
+    # rotated companion matrix reduces error
+    m = polycompanion(c)[::-1,::-1]
+    r = la.eigvals(m)
+    r.sort()
+    return r
+
+
+#
+# polynomial class
+#
+
+class Polynomial(ABCPolyBase):
+    """A power series class.
+
+    The Polynomial class provides the standard Python numerical methods
+    '+', '-', '*', '//', '%', 'divmod', '**', and '()' as well as the
+    attributes and methods listed in the `ABCPolyBase` documentation.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coef : array_like
+        Polynomial coefficients in order of increasing degree, i.e.,
+        ``(1, 2, 3)`` give ``1 + 2*x + 3*x**2``.
+    domain : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Domain to use. The interval ``[domain[0], domain[1]]`` is mapped
+        to the interval ``[window[0], window[1]]`` by shifting and scaling.
+        The default value is [-1, 1].
+    window : (2,) array_like, optional
+        Window, see `domain` for its use. The default value is [-1, 1].
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6.0
+    symbol : str, optional
+        Symbol used to represent the independent variable in string
+        representations of the polynomial expression, e.g. for printing.
+        The symbol must be a valid Python identifier. Default value is 'x'.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.24
+
+    """
+    # Virtual Functions
+    _add = staticmethod(polyadd)
+    _sub = staticmethod(polysub)
+    _mul = staticmethod(polymul)
+    _div = staticmethod(polydiv)
+    _pow = staticmethod(polypow)
+    _val = staticmethod(polyval)
+    _int = staticmethod(polyint)
+    _der = staticmethod(polyder)
+    _fit = staticmethod(polyfit)
+    _line = staticmethod(polyline)
+    _roots = staticmethod(polyroots)
+    _fromroots = staticmethod(polyfromroots)
+
+    # Virtual properties
+    domain = np.array(polydomain)
+    window = np.array(polydomain)
+    basis_name = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _str_term_unicode(cls, i, arg_str):
+        if i == '1':
+            return f"·{arg_str}"
+        else:
+            return f"·{arg_str}{i.translate(cls._superscript_mapping)}"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _str_term_ascii(i, arg_str):
+        if i == '1':
+            return f" {arg_str}"
+        else:
+            return f" {arg_str}**{i}"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _repr_latex_term(i, arg_str, needs_parens):
+        if needs_parens:
+            arg_str = rf"\left({arg_str}\right)"
+        if i == 0:
+            return '1'
+        elif i == 1:
+            return arg_str
+        else:
+            return f"{arg_str}^{{{i}}}"
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polynomial.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polynomial.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c87f9d2926615e09bffd03d00306b6f235ec1c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polynomial.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from numpy import ndarray, dtype, int_
+from numpy.polynomial._polybase import ABCPolyBase
+from numpy.polynomial.polyutils import trimcoef
+
+__all__: list[str]
+
+polytrim = trimcoef
+
+polydomain: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+polyzero: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+polyone: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+polyx: ndarray[Any, dtype[int_]]
+
+def polyline(off, scl): ...
+def polyfromroots(roots): ...
+def polyadd(c1, c2): ...
+def polysub(c1, c2): ...
+def polymulx(c): ...
+def polymul(c1, c2): ...
+def polydiv(c1, c2): ...
+def polypow(c, pow, maxpower=...): ...
+def polyder(c, m=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def polyint(c, m=..., k=..., lbnd=..., scl=..., axis=...): ...
+def polyval(x, c, tensor=...): ...
+def polyvalfromroots(x, r, tensor=...): ...
+def polyval2d(x, y, c): ...
+def polygrid2d(x, y, c): ...
+def polyval3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def polygrid3d(x, y, z, c): ...
+def polyvander(x, deg): ...
+def polyvander2d(x, y, deg): ...
+def polyvander3d(x, y, z, deg): ...
+def polyfit(x, y, deg, rcond=..., full=..., w=...): ...
+def polyroots(c): ...
+
+class Polynomial(ABCPolyBase):
+    domain: Any
+    window: Any
+    basis_name: Any
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polyutils.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polyutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4829138920169efc5b18b20be4a7d7c9509ba7fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polyutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,789 @@
+"""
+Utility classes and functions for the polynomial modules.
+
+This module provides: error and warning objects; a polynomial base class;
+and some routines used in both the `polynomial` and `chebyshev` modules.
+
+Warning objects
+---------------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   RankWarning  raised in least-squares fit for rank-deficient matrix.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated/
+
+   as_series    convert list of array_likes into 1-D arrays of common type.
+   trimseq      remove trailing zeros.
+   trimcoef     remove small trailing coefficients.
+   getdomain    return the domain appropriate for a given set of abscissae.
+   mapdomain    maps points between domains.
+   mapparms     parameters of the linear map between domains.
+
+"""
+import operator
+import functools
+import warnings
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from numpy.core.multiarray import dragon4_positional, dragon4_scientific
+from numpy.core.umath import absolute
+
+__all__ = [
+    'RankWarning', 'as_series', 'trimseq',
+    'trimcoef', 'getdomain', 'mapdomain', 'mapparms',
+    'format_float']
+
+#
+# Warnings and Exceptions
+#
+
+class RankWarning(UserWarning):
+    """Issued by chebfit when the design matrix is rank deficient."""
+    pass
+
+#
+# Helper functions to convert inputs to 1-D arrays
+#
+def trimseq(seq):
+    """Remove small Poly series coefficients.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    seq : sequence
+        Sequence of Poly series coefficients. This routine fails for
+        empty sequences.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    series : sequence
+        Subsequence with trailing zeros removed. If the resulting sequence
+        would be empty, return the first element. The returned sequence may
+        or may not be a view.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Do not lose the type info if the sequence contains unknown objects.
+
+    """
+    if len(seq) == 0:
+        return seq
+    else:
+        for i in range(len(seq) - 1, -1, -1):
+            if seq[i] != 0:
+                break
+        return seq[:i+1]
+
+
+def as_series(alist, trim=True):
+    """
+    Return argument as a list of 1-d arrays.
+
+    The returned list contains array(s) of dtype double, complex double, or
+    object.  A 1-d argument of shape ``(N,)`` is parsed into ``N`` arrays of
+    size one; a 2-d argument of shape ``(M,N)`` is parsed into ``M`` arrays
+    of size ``N`` (i.e., is "parsed by row"); and a higher dimensional array
+    raises a Value Error if it is not first reshaped into either a 1-d or 2-d
+    array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    alist : array_like
+        A 1- or 2-d array_like
+    trim : boolean, optional
+        When True, trailing zeros are removed from the inputs.
+        When False, the inputs are passed through intact.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    [a1, a2,...] : list of 1-D arrays
+        A copy of the input data as a list of 1-d arrays.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        Raised when `as_series` cannot convert its input to 1-d arrays, or at
+        least one of the resulting arrays is empty.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polyutils as pu
+    >>> a = np.arange(4)
+    >>> pu.as_series(a)
+    [array([0.]), array([1.]), array([2.]), array([3.])]
+    >>> b = np.arange(6).reshape((2,3))
+    >>> pu.as_series(b)
+    [array([0., 1., 2.]), array([3., 4., 5.])]
+
+    >>> pu.as_series((1, np.arange(3), np.arange(2, dtype=np.float16)))
+    [array([1.]), array([0., 1., 2.]), array([0., 1.])]
+
+    >>> pu.as_series([2, [1.1, 0.]])
+    [array([2.]), array([1.1])]
+
+    >>> pu.as_series([2, [1.1, 0.]], trim=False)
+    [array([2.]), array([1.1, 0. ])]
+
+    """
+    arrays = [np.array(a, ndmin=1, copy=False) for a in alist]
+    if min([a.size for a in arrays]) == 0:
+        raise ValueError("Coefficient array is empty")
+    if any(a.ndim != 1 for a in arrays):
+        raise ValueError("Coefficient array is not 1-d")
+    if trim:
+        arrays = [trimseq(a) for a in arrays]
+
+    if any(a.dtype == np.dtype(object) for a in arrays):
+        ret = []
+        for a in arrays:
+            if a.dtype != np.dtype(object):
+                tmp = np.empty(len(a), dtype=np.dtype(object))
+                tmp[:] = a[:]
+                ret.append(tmp)
+            else:
+                ret.append(a.copy())
+    else:
+        try:
+            dtype = np.common_type(*arrays)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError("Coefficient arrays have no common type") from e
+        ret = [np.array(a, copy=True, dtype=dtype) for a in arrays]
+    return ret
+
+
+def trimcoef(c, tol=0):
+    """
+    Remove "small" "trailing" coefficients from a polynomial.
+
+    "Small" means "small in absolute value" and is controlled by the
+    parameter `tol`; "trailing" means highest order coefficient(s), e.g., in
+    ``[0, 1, 1, 0, 0]`` (which represents ``0 + x + x**2 + 0*x**3 + 0*x**4``)
+    both the 3-rd and 4-th order coefficients would be "trimmed."
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    c : array_like
+        1-d array of coefficients, ordered from lowest order to highest.
+    tol : number, optional
+        Trailing (i.e., highest order) elements with absolute value less
+        than or equal to `tol` (default value is zero) are removed.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    trimmed : ndarray
+        1-d array with trailing zeros removed.  If the resulting series
+        would be empty, a series containing a single zero is returned.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If `tol` < 0
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    trimseq
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polyutils as pu
+    >>> pu.trimcoef((0,0,3,0,5,0,0))
+    array([0.,  0.,  3.,  0.,  5.])
+    >>> pu.trimcoef((0,0,1e-3,0,1e-5,0,0),1e-3) # item == tol is trimmed
+    array([0.])
+    >>> i = complex(0,1) # works for complex
+    >>> pu.trimcoef((3e-4,1e-3*(1-i),5e-4,2e-5*(1+i)), 1e-3)
+    array([0.0003+0.j   , 0.001 -0.001j])
+
+    """
+    if tol < 0:
+        raise ValueError("tol must be non-negative")
+
+    [c] = as_series([c])
+    [ind] = np.nonzero(np.abs(c) > tol)
+    if len(ind) == 0:
+        return c[:1]*0
+    else:
+        return c[:ind[-1] + 1].copy()
+
+def getdomain(x):
+    """
+    Return a domain suitable for given abscissae.
+
+    Find a domain suitable for a polynomial or Chebyshev series
+    defined at the values supplied.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        1-d array of abscissae whose domain will be determined.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    domain : ndarray
+        1-d array containing two values.  If the inputs are complex, then
+        the two returned points are the lower left and upper right corners
+        of the smallest rectangle (aligned with the axes) in the complex
+        plane containing the points `x`. If the inputs are real, then the
+        two points are the ends of the smallest interval containing the
+        points `x`.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    mapparms, mapdomain
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polyutils as pu
+    >>> points = np.arange(4)**2 - 5; points
+    array([-5, -4, -1,  4])
+    >>> pu.getdomain(points)
+    array([-5.,  4.])
+    >>> c = np.exp(complex(0,1)*np.pi*np.arange(12)/6) # unit circle
+    >>> pu.getdomain(c)
+    array([-1.-1.j,  1.+1.j])
+
+    """
+    [x] = as_series([x], trim=False)
+    if x.dtype.char in np.typecodes['Complex']:
+        rmin, rmax = x.real.min(), x.real.max()
+        imin, imax = x.imag.min(), x.imag.max()
+        return np.array((complex(rmin, imin), complex(rmax, imax)))
+    else:
+        return np.array((x.min(), x.max()))
+
+def mapparms(old, new):
+    """
+    Linear map parameters between domains.
+
+    Return the parameters of the linear map ``offset + scale*x`` that maps
+    `old` to `new` such that ``old[i] -> new[i]``, ``i = 0, 1``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    old, new : array_like
+        Domains. Each domain must (successfully) convert to a 1-d array
+        containing precisely two values.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    offset, scale : scalars
+        The map ``L(x) = offset + scale*x`` maps the first domain to the
+        second.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    getdomain, mapdomain
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Also works for complex numbers, and thus can be used to calculate the
+    parameters required to map any line in the complex plane to any other
+    line therein.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polyutils as pu
+    >>> pu.mapparms((-1,1),(-1,1))
+    (0.0, 1.0)
+    >>> pu.mapparms((1,-1),(-1,1))
+    (-0.0, -1.0)
+    >>> i = complex(0,1)
+    >>> pu.mapparms((-i,-1),(1,i))
+    ((1+1j), (1-0j))
+
+    """
+    oldlen = old[1] - old[0]
+    newlen = new[1] - new[0]
+    off = (old[1]*new[0] - old[0]*new[1])/oldlen
+    scl = newlen/oldlen
+    return off, scl
+
+def mapdomain(x, old, new):
+    """
+    Apply linear map to input points.
+
+    The linear map ``offset + scale*x`` that maps the domain `old` to
+    the domain `new` is applied to the points `x`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : array_like
+        Points to be mapped. If `x` is a subtype of ndarray the subtype
+        will be preserved.
+    old, new : array_like
+        The two domains that determine the map.  Each must (successfully)
+        convert to 1-d arrays containing precisely two values.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    x_out : ndarray
+        Array of points of the same shape as `x`, after application of the
+        linear map between the two domains.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    getdomain, mapparms
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Effectively, this implements:
+
+    .. math::
+        x\\_out = new[0] + m(x - old[0])
+
+    where
+
+    .. math::
+        m = \\frac{new[1]-new[0]}{old[1]-old[0]}
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> from numpy.polynomial import polyutils as pu
+    >>> old_domain = (-1,1)
+    >>> new_domain = (0,2*np.pi)
+    >>> x = np.linspace(-1,1,6); x
+    array([-1. , -0.6, -0.2,  0.2,  0.6,  1. ])
+    >>> x_out = pu.mapdomain(x, old_domain, new_domain); x_out
+    array([ 0.        ,  1.25663706,  2.51327412,  3.76991118,  5.02654825, # may vary
+            6.28318531])
+    >>> x - pu.mapdomain(x_out, new_domain, old_domain)
+    array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])
+
+    Also works for complex numbers (and thus can be used to map any line in
+    the complex plane to any other line therein).
+
+    >>> i = complex(0,1)
+    >>> old = (-1 - i, 1 + i)
+    >>> new = (-1 + i, 1 - i)
+    >>> z = np.linspace(old[0], old[1], 6); z
+    array([-1. -1.j , -0.6-0.6j, -0.2-0.2j,  0.2+0.2j,  0.6+0.6j,  1. +1.j ])
+    >>> new_z = pu.mapdomain(z, old, new); new_z
+    array([-1.0+1.j , -0.6+0.6j, -0.2+0.2j,  0.2-0.2j,  0.6-0.6j,  1.0-1.j ]) # may vary
+
+    """
+    x = np.asanyarray(x)
+    off, scl = mapparms(old, new)
+    return off + scl*x
+
+
+def _nth_slice(i, ndim):
+    sl = [np.newaxis] * ndim
+    sl[i] = slice(None)
+    return tuple(sl)
+
+
+def _vander_nd(vander_fs, points, degrees):
+    r"""
+    A generalization of the Vandermonde matrix for N dimensions
+
+    The result is built by combining the results of 1d Vandermonde matrices,
+
+    .. math::
+        W[i_0, \ldots, i_M, j_0, \ldots, j_N] = \prod_{k=0}^N{V_k(x_k)[i_0, \ldots, i_M, j_k]}
+
+    where
+
+    .. math::
+        N &= \texttt{len(points)} = \texttt{len(degrees)} = \texttt{len(vander\_fs)} \\
+        M &= \texttt{points[k].ndim} \\
+        V_k &= \texttt{vander\_fs[k]} \\
+        x_k &= \texttt{points[k]} \\
+        0 \le j_k &\le \texttt{degrees[k]}
+
+    Expanding the one-dimensional :math:`V_k` functions gives:
+
+    .. math::
+        W[i_0, \ldots, i_M, j_0, \ldots, j_N] = \prod_{k=0}^N{B_{k, j_k}(x_k[i_0, \ldots, i_M])}
+
+    where :math:`B_{k,m}` is the m'th basis of the polynomial construction used along
+    dimension :math:`k`. For a regular polynomial, :math:`B_{k, m}(x) = P_m(x) = x^m`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vander_fs : Sequence[function(array_like, int) -> ndarray]
+        The 1d vander function to use for each axis, such as ``polyvander``
+    points : Sequence[array_like]
+        Arrays of point coordinates, all of the same shape. The dtypes
+        will be converted to either float64 or complex128 depending on
+        whether any of the elements are complex. Scalars are converted to
+        1-D arrays.
+        This must be the same length as `vander_fs`.
+    degrees : Sequence[int]
+        The maximum degree (inclusive) to use for each axis.
+        This must be the same length as `vander_fs`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    vander_nd : ndarray
+        An array of shape ``points[0].shape + tuple(d + 1 for d in degrees)``.
+    """
+    n_dims = len(vander_fs)
+    if n_dims != len(points):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Expected {n_dims} dimensions of sample points, got {len(points)}")
+    if n_dims != len(degrees):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Expected {n_dims} dimensions of degrees, got {len(degrees)}")
+    if n_dims == 0:
+        raise ValueError("Unable to guess a dtype or shape when no points are given")
+
+    # convert to the same shape and type
+    points = tuple(np.array(tuple(points), copy=False) + 0.0)
+
+    # produce the vandermonde matrix for each dimension, placing the last
+    # axis of each in an independent trailing axis of the output
+    vander_arrays = (
+        vander_fs[i](points[i], degrees[i])[(...,) + _nth_slice(i, n_dims)]
+        for i in range(n_dims)
+    )
+
+    # we checked this wasn't empty already, so no `initial` needed
+    return functools.reduce(operator.mul, vander_arrays)
+
+
+def _vander_nd_flat(vander_fs, points, degrees):
+    """
+    Like `_vander_nd`, but flattens the last ``len(degrees)`` axes into a single axis
+
+    Used to implement the public ``vanderd`` functions.
+    """
+    v = _vander_nd(vander_fs, points, degrees)
+    return v.reshape(v.shape[:-len(degrees)] + (-1,))
+
+
+def _fromroots(line_f, mul_f, roots):
+    """
+    Helper function used to implement the ``fromroots`` functions.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    line_f : function(float, float) -> ndarray
+        The ``line`` function, such as ``polyline``
+    mul_f : function(array_like, array_like) -> ndarray
+        The ``mul`` function, such as ``polymul``
+    roots
+        See the ``fromroots`` functions for more detail
+    """
+    if len(roots) == 0:
+        return np.ones(1)
+    else:
+        [roots] = as_series([roots], trim=False)
+        roots.sort()
+        p = [line_f(-r, 1) for r in roots]
+        n = len(p)
+        while n > 1:
+            m, r = divmod(n, 2)
+            tmp = [mul_f(p[i], p[i+m]) for i in range(m)]
+            if r:
+                tmp[0] = mul_f(tmp[0], p[-1])
+            p = tmp
+            n = m
+        return p[0]
+
+
+def _valnd(val_f, c, *args):
+    """
+    Helper function used to implement the ``vald`` functions.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    val_f : function(array_like, array_like, tensor: bool) -> array_like
+        The ``val`` function, such as ``polyval``
+    c, args
+        See the ``vald`` functions for more detail
+    """
+    args = [np.asanyarray(a) for a in args]
+    shape0 = args[0].shape
+    if not all((a.shape == shape0 for a in args[1:])):
+        if len(args) == 3:
+            raise ValueError('x, y, z are incompatible')
+        elif len(args) == 2:
+            raise ValueError('x, y are incompatible')
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('ordinates are incompatible')
+    it = iter(args)
+    x0 = next(it)
+
+    # use tensor on only the first
+    c = val_f(x0, c)
+    for xi in it:
+        c = val_f(xi, c, tensor=False)
+    return c
+
+
+def _gridnd(val_f, c, *args):
+    """
+    Helper function used to implement the ``gridd`` functions.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    val_f : function(array_like, array_like, tensor: bool) -> array_like
+        The ``val`` function, such as ``polyval``
+    c, args
+        See the ``gridd`` functions for more detail
+    """
+    for xi in args:
+        c = val_f(xi, c)
+    return c
+
+
+def _div(mul_f, c1, c2):
+    """
+    Helper function used to implement the ``div`` functions.
+
+    Implementation uses repeated subtraction of c2 multiplied by the nth basis.
+    For some polynomial types, a more efficient approach may be possible.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mul_f : function(array_like, array_like) -> array_like
+        The ``mul`` function, such as ``polymul``
+    c1, c2
+        See the ``div`` functions for more detail
+    """
+    # c1, c2 are trimmed copies
+    [c1, c2] = as_series([c1, c2])
+    if c2[-1] == 0:
+        raise ZeroDivisionError()
+
+    lc1 = len(c1)
+    lc2 = len(c2)
+    if lc1 < lc2:
+        return c1[:1]*0, c1
+    elif lc2 == 1:
+        return c1/c2[-1], c1[:1]*0
+    else:
+        quo = np.empty(lc1 - lc2 + 1, dtype=c1.dtype)
+        rem = c1
+        for i in range(lc1 - lc2, - 1, -1):
+            p = mul_f([0]*i + [1], c2)
+            q = rem[-1]/p[-1]
+            rem = rem[:-1] - q*p[:-1]
+            quo[i] = q
+        return quo, trimseq(rem)
+
+
+def _add(c1, c2):
+    """ Helper function used to implement the ``add`` functions. """
+    # c1, c2 are trimmed copies
+    [c1, c2] = as_series([c1, c2])
+    if len(c1) > len(c2):
+        c1[:c2.size] += c2
+        ret = c1
+    else:
+        c2[:c1.size] += c1
+        ret = c2
+    return trimseq(ret)
+
+
+def _sub(c1, c2):
+    """ Helper function used to implement the ``sub`` functions. """
+    # c1, c2 are trimmed copies
+    [c1, c2] = as_series([c1, c2])
+    if len(c1) > len(c2):
+        c1[:c2.size] -= c2
+        ret = c1
+    else:
+        c2 = -c2
+        c2[:c1.size] += c1
+        ret = c2
+    return trimseq(ret)
+
+
+def _fit(vander_f, x, y, deg, rcond=None, full=False, w=None):
+    """
+    Helper function used to implement the ``fit`` functions.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    vander_f : function(array_like, int) -> ndarray
+        The 1d vander function, such as ``polyvander``
+    c1, c2
+        See the ``fit`` functions for more detail
+    """
+    x = np.asarray(x) + 0.0
+    y = np.asarray(y) + 0.0
+    deg = np.asarray(deg)
+
+    # check arguments.
+    if deg.ndim > 1 or deg.dtype.kind not in 'iu' or deg.size == 0:
+        raise TypeError("deg must be an int or non-empty 1-D array of int")
+    if deg.min() < 0:
+        raise ValueError("expected deg >= 0")
+    if x.ndim != 1:
+        raise TypeError("expected 1D vector for x")
+    if x.size == 0:
+        raise TypeError("expected non-empty vector for x")
+    if y.ndim < 1 or y.ndim > 2:
+        raise TypeError("expected 1D or 2D array for y")
+    if len(x) != len(y):
+        raise TypeError("expected x and y to have same length")
+
+    if deg.ndim == 0:
+        lmax = deg
+        order = lmax + 1
+        van = vander_f(x, lmax)
+    else:
+        deg = np.sort(deg)
+        lmax = deg[-1]
+        order = len(deg)
+        van = vander_f(x, lmax)[:, deg]
+
+    # set up the least squares matrices in transposed form
+    lhs = van.T
+    rhs = y.T
+    if w is not None:
+        w = np.asarray(w) + 0.0
+        if w.ndim != 1:
+            raise TypeError("expected 1D vector for w")
+        if len(x) != len(w):
+            raise TypeError("expected x and w to have same length")
+        # apply weights. Don't use inplace operations as they
+        # can cause problems with NA.
+        lhs = lhs * w
+        rhs = rhs * w
+
+    # set rcond
+    if rcond is None:
+        rcond = len(x)*np.finfo(x.dtype).eps
+
+    # Determine the norms of the design matrix columns.
+    if issubclass(lhs.dtype.type, np.complexfloating):
+        scl = np.sqrt((np.square(lhs.real) + np.square(lhs.imag)).sum(1))
+    else:
+        scl = np.sqrt(np.square(lhs).sum(1))
+    scl[scl == 0] = 1
+
+    # Solve the least squares problem.
+    c, resids, rank, s = np.linalg.lstsq(lhs.T/scl, rhs.T, rcond)
+    c = (c.T/scl).T
+
+    # Expand c to include non-fitted coefficients which are set to zero
+    if deg.ndim > 0:
+        if c.ndim == 2:
+            cc = np.zeros((lmax+1, c.shape[1]), dtype=c.dtype)
+        else:
+            cc = np.zeros(lmax+1, dtype=c.dtype)
+        cc[deg] = c
+        c = cc
+
+    # warn on rank reduction
+    if rank != order and not full:
+        msg = "The fit may be poorly conditioned"
+        warnings.warn(msg, RankWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+    if full:
+        return c, [resids, rank, s, rcond]
+    else:
+        return c
+
+
+def _pow(mul_f, c, pow, maxpower):
+    """
+    Helper function used to implement the ``pow`` functions.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mul_f : function(array_like, array_like) -> ndarray
+        The ``mul`` function, such as ``polymul``
+    c : array_like
+        1-D array of array of series coefficients
+    pow, maxpower
+        See the ``pow`` functions for more detail
+    """
+    # c is a trimmed copy
+    [c] = as_series([c])
+    power = int(pow)
+    if power != pow or power < 0:
+        raise ValueError("Power must be a non-negative integer.")
+    elif maxpower is not None and power > maxpower:
+        raise ValueError("Power is too large")
+    elif power == 0:
+        return np.array([1], dtype=c.dtype)
+    elif power == 1:
+        return c
+    else:
+        # This can be made more efficient by using powers of two
+        # in the usual way.
+        prd = c
+        for i in range(2, power + 1):
+            prd = mul_f(prd, c)
+        return prd
+
+
+def _deprecate_as_int(x, desc):
+    """
+    Like `operator.index`, but emits a deprecation warning when passed a float
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : int-like, or float with integral value
+        Value to interpret as an integer
+    desc : str
+        description to include in any error message
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    TypeError : if x is a non-integral float or non-numeric
+    DeprecationWarning : if x is an integral float
+    """
+    try:
+        return operator.index(x)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        # Numpy 1.17.0, 2019-03-11
+        try:
+            ix = int(x)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if ix == x:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f"In future, this will raise TypeError, as {desc} will "
+                    "need to be an integer not just an integral float.",
+                    DeprecationWarning,
+                    stacklevel=3
+                )
+                return ix
+
+        raise TypeError(f"{desc} must be an integer") from e
+
+
+def format_float(x, parens=False):
+    if not np.issubdtype(type(x), np.floating):
+        return str(x)
+
+    opts = np.get_printoptions()
+
+    if np.isnan(x):
+        return opts['nanstr']
+    elif np.isinf(x):
+        return opts['infstr']
+
+    exp_format = False
+    if x != 0:
+        a = absolute(x)
+        if a >= 1.e8 or a < 10**min(0, -(opts['precision']-1)//2):
+            exp_format = True
+
+    trim, unique = '0', True
+    if opts['floatmode'] == 'fixed':
+        trim, unique = 'k', False
+
+    if exp_format:
+        s = dragon4_scientific(x, precision=opts['precision'],
+                               unique=unique, trim=trim, 
+                               sign=opts['sign'] == '+')
+        if parens:
+            s = '(' + s + ')'
+    else:
+        s = dragon4_positional(x, precision=opts['precision'],
+                               fractional=True,
+                               unique=unique, trim=trim,
+                               sign=opts['sign'] == '+')
+    return s
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polyutils.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polyutils.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0bcc67847f6b466c8d4fcf6f9b323df736c1c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/polyutils.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+__all__: list[str]
+
+class RankWarning(UserWarning): ...
+
+def trimseq(seq): ...
+def as_series(alist, trim=...): ...
+def trimcoef(c, tol=...): ...
+def getdomain(x): ...
+def mapparms(old, new): ...
+def mapdomain(x, old, new): ...
+def format_float(x, parens=...): ...
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/setup.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b58e867a133f804fbaf0d31099258a11e29058aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+def configuration(parent_package='',top_path=None):
+    from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
+    config = Configuration('polynomial', parent_package, top_path)
+    config.add_subpackage('tests')
+    config.add_data_files('*.pyi')
+    return config
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    from numpy.distutils.core import setup
+    setup(configuration=configuration)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/__init__.py
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diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_chebyshev.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_chebyshev.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f54bebfdb27d54f436378e4ab6d6c8f2426dd90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_chebyshev.py
@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
+"""Tests for chebyshev module.
+
+"""
+from functools import reduce
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.polynomial.chebyshev as cheb
+from numpy.polynomial.polynomial import polyval
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_almost_equal, assert_raises, assert_equal, assert_,
+    )
+
+
+def trim(x):
+    return cheb.chebtrim(x, tol=1e-6)
+
+T0 = [1]
+T1 = [0, 1]
+T2 = [-1, 0, 2]
+T3 = [0, -3, 0, 4]
+T4 = [1, 0, -8, 0, 8]
+T5 = [0, 5, 0, -20, 0, 16]
+T6 = [-1, 0, 18, 0, -48, 0, 32]
+T7 = [0, -7, 0, 56, 0, -112, 0, 64]
+T8 = [1, 0, -32, 0, 160, 0, -256, 0, 128]
+T9 = [0, 9, 0, -120, 0, 432, 0, -576, 0, 256]
+
+Tlist = [T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9]
+
+
+class TestPrivate:
+
+    def test__cseries_to_zseries(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            inp = np.array([2] + [1]*i, np.double)
+            tgt = np.array([.5]*i + [2] + [.5]*i, np.double)
+            res = cheb._cseries_to_zseries(inp)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test__zseries_to_cseries(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            inp = np.array([.5]*i + [2] + [.5]*i, np.double)
+            tgt = np.array([2] + [1]*i, np.double)
+            res = cheb._zseries_to_cseries(inp)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestConstants:
+
+    def test_chebdomain(self):
+        assert_equal(cheb.chebdomain, [-1, 1])
+
+    def test_chebzero(self):
+        assert_equal(cheb.chebzero, [0])
+
+    def test_chebone(self):
+        assert_equal(cheb.chebone, [1])
+
+    def test_chebx(self):
+        assert_equal(cheb.chebx, [0, 1])
+
+
+class TestArithmetic:
+
+    def test_chebadd(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] += 1
+                res = cheb.chebadd([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_chebsub(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] -= 1
+                res = cheb.chebsub([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_chebmulx(self):
+        assert_equal(cheb.chebmulx([0]), [0])
+        assert_equal(cheb.chebmulx([1]), [0, 1])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            ser = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [0]*(i - 1) + [.5, 0, .5]
+            assert_equal(cheb.chebmulx(ser), tgt)
+
+    def test_chebmul(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(i + j + 1)
+                tgt[i + j] += .5
+                tgt[abs(i - j)] += .5
+                res = cheb.chebmul([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_chebdiv(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                ci = [0]*i + [1]
+                cj = [0]*j + [1]
+                tgt = cheb.chebadd(ci, cj)
+                quo, rem = cheb.chebdiv(tgt, ci)
+                res = cheb.chebadd(cheb.chebmul(quo, ci), rem)
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_chebpow(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                c = np.arange(i + 1)
+                tgt = reduce(cheb.chebmul, [c]*j, np.array([1]))
+                res = cheb.chebpow(c, j)
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+
+class TestEvaluation:
+    # coefficients of 1 + 2*x + 3*x**2
+    c1d = np.array([2.5, 2., 1.5])
+    c2d = np.einsum('i,j->ij', c1d, c1d)
+    c3d = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', c1d, c1d, c1d)
+
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+    y = polyval(x, [1., 2., 3.])
+
+    def test_chebval(self):
+        #check empty input
+        assert_equal(cheb.chebval([], [1]).size, 0)
+
+        #check normal input)
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = [polyval(x, c) for c in Tlist]
+        for i in range(10):
+            msg = f"At i={i}"
+            tgt = y[i]
+            res = cheb.chebval(x, [0]*i + [1])
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+
+        #check that shape is preserved
+        for i in range(3):
+            dims = [2]*i
+            x = np.zeros(dims)
+            assert_equal(cheb.chebval(x, [1]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(cheb.chebval(x, [1, 0]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(cheb.chebval(x, [1, 0, 0]).shape, dims)
+
+    def test_chebval2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebval2d, x1, x2[:2], self.c2d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2
+        res = cheb.chebval2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = cheb.chebval2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_chebval3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebval3d, x1, x2, x3[:2], self.c3d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2*y3
+        res = cheb.chebval3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = cheb.chebval3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_chebgrid2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j->ij', y1, y2)
+        res = cheb.chebgrid2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = cheb.chebgrid2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*2)
+
+    def test_chebgrid3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', y1, y2, y3)
+        res = cheb.chebgrid3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = cheb.chebgrid3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*3)
+
+
+class TestIntegral:
+
+    def test_chebint(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebint, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebint, [0], -1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebint, [0], 1, [0, 0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebint, [0], lbnd=[0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebint, [0], scl=[0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebint, [0], axis=.5)
+
+        # test integration of zero polynomial
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            k = [0]*(i - 2) + [1]
+            res = cheb.chebint([0], m=i, k=k)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, [0, 1])
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [1/scl]
+            chebpol = cheb.poly2cheb(pol)
+            chebint = cheb.chebint(chebpol, m=1, k=[i])
+            res = cheb.cheb2poly(chebint)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            chebpol = cheb.poly2cheb(pol)
+            chebint = cheb.chebint(chebpol, m=1, k=[i], lbnd=-1)
+            assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebval(-1, chebint), i)
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [2/scl]
+            chebpol = cheb.poly2cheb(pol)
+            chebint = cheb.chebint(chebpol, m=1, k=[i], scl=2)
+            res = cheb.cheb2poly(chebint)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with default k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = cheb.chebint(tgt, m=1)
+                res = cheb.chebint(pol, m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with defined k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = cheb.chebint(tgt, m=1, k=[k])
+                res = cheb.chebint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)))
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = cheb.chebint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], lbnd=-1)
+                res = cheb.chebint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), lbnd=-1)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = cheb.chebint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], scl=2)
+                res = cheb.chebint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), scl=2)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_chebint_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([cheb.chebint(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = cheb.chebint(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([cheb.chebint(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = cheb.chebint(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([cheb.chebint(c, k=3) for c in c2d])
+        res = cheb.chebint(c2d, k=3, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestDerivative:
+
+    def test_chebder(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebder, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebder, [0], -1)
+
+        # check that zeroth derivative does nothing
+        for i in range(5):
+            tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+            res = cheb.chebder(tgt, m=0)
+            assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check that derivation is the inverse of integration
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = cheb.chebder(cheb.chebint(tgt, m=j), m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check derivation with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = cheb.chebder(cheb.chebint(tgt, m=j, scl=2), m=j, scl=.5)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_chebder_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([cheb.chebder(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = cheb.chebder(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([cheb.chebder(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = cheb.chebder(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestVander:
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+
+    def test_chebvander(self):
+        # check for 1d x
+        x = np.arange(3)
+        v = cheb.chebvander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], cheb.chebval(x, coef))
+
+        # check for 2d x
+        x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
+        v = cheb.chebvander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 2, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], cheb.chebval(x, coef))
+
+    def test_chebvander2d(self):
+        # also tests chebval2d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3))
+        van = cheb.chebvander2d(x1, x2, [1, 2])
+        tgt = cheb.chebval2d(x1, x2, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = cheb.chebvander2d([x1], [x2], [1, 2])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 6))
+
+    def test_chebvander3d(self):
+        # also tests chebval3d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3, 4))
+        van = cheb.chebvander3d(x1, x2, x3, [1, 2, 3])
+        tgt = cheb.chebval3d(x1, x2, x3, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = cheb.chebvander3d([x1], [x2], [x3], [1, 2, 3])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 24))
+
+
+class TestFitting:
+
+    def test_chebfit(self):
+        def f(x):
+            return x*(x - 1)*(x - 2)
+
+        def f2(x):
+            return x**4 + x**2 + 1
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebfit, [1], [1], -1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebfit, [[1]], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebfit, [], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebfit, [1], [[[1]]], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebfit, [1, 2], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebfit, [1], [1, 2], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebfit, [1], [1], 0, w=[[1]])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebfit, [1], [1], 0, w=[1, 1])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebfit, [1], [1], [-1,])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebfit, [1], [1], [2, -1, 6])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebfit, [1], [1], [])
+
+        # Test fit
+        x = np.linspace(0, 2)
+        y = f(x)
+        #
+        coef3 = cheb.chebfit(x, y, 3)
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebval(x, coef3), y)
+        coef3 = cheb.chebfit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebval(x, coef3), y)
+        #
+        coef4 = cheb.chebfit(x, y, 4)
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebval(x, coef4), y)
+        coef4 = cheb.chebfit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebval(x, coef4), y)
+        # check things still work if deg is not in strict increasing
+        coef4 = cheb.chebfit(x, y, [2, 3, 4, 1, 0])
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebval(x, coef4), y)
+        #
+        coef2d = cheb.chebfit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, 3)
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        coef2d = cheb.chebfit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test weighting
+        w = np.zeros_like(x)
+        yw = y.copy()
+        w[1::2] = 1
+        y[0::2] = 0
+        wcoef3 = cheb.chebfit(x, yw, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        wcoef3 = cheb.chebfit(x, yw, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        #
+        wcoef2d = cheb.chebfit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        wcoef2d = cheb.chebfit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test scaling with complex values x points whose square
+        # is zero when summed.
+        x = [1, 1j, -1, -1j]
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebfit(x, x, 1), [0, 1])
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebfit(x, x, [0, 1]), [0, 1])
+        # test fitting only even polynomials
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = f2(x)
+        coef1 = cheb.chebfit(x, y, 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebval(x, coef1), y)
+        coef2 = cheb.chebfit(x, y, [0, 2, 4])
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebval(x, coef2), y)
+        assert_almost_equal(coef1, coef2)
+
+
+class TestInterpolate:
+
+    def f(self, x):
+        return x * (x - 1) * (x - 2)
+
+    def test_raises(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebinterpolate, self.f, -1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, cheb.chebinterpolate, self.f, 10.)
+
+    def test_dimensions(self):
+        for deg in range(1, 5):
+            assert_(cheb.chebinterpolate(self.f, deg).shape == (deg + 1,))
+
+    def test_approximation(self):
+
+        def powx(x, p):
+            return x**p
+
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 10)
+        for deg in range(0, 10):
+            for p in range(0, deg + 1):
+                c = cheb.chebinterpolate(powx, deg, (p,))
+                assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebval(x, c), powx(x, p), decimal=12)
+
+
+class TestCompanion:
+
+    def test_raises(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebcompanion, [])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebcompanion, [1])
+
+    def test_dimensions(self):
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_(cheb.chebcompanion(coef).shape == (i, i))
+
+    def test_linear_root(self):
+        assert_(cheb.chebcompanion([1, 2])[0, 0] == -.5)
+
+
+class TestGauss:
+
+    def test_100(self):
+        x, w = cheb.chebgauss(100)
+
+        # test orthogonality. Note that the results need to be normalized,
+        # otherwise the huge values that can arise from fast growing
+        # functions like Laguerre can be very confusing.
+        v = cheb.chebvander(x, 99)
+        vv = np.dot(v.T * w, v)
+        vd = 1/np.sqrt(vv.diagonal())
+        vv = vd[:, None] * vv * vd
+        assert_almost_equal(vv, np.eye(100))
+
+        # check that the integral of 1 is correct
+        tgt = np.pi
+        assert_almost_equal(w.sum(), tgt)
+
+
+class TestMisc:
+
+    def test_chebfromroots(self):
+        res = cheb.chebfromroots([])
+        assert_almost_equal(trim(res), [1])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            roots = np.cos(np.linspace(-np.pi, 0, 2*i + 1)[1::2])
+            tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+            res = cheb.chebfromroots(roots)*2**(i-1)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_chebroots(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebroots([1]), [])
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebroots([1, 2]), [-.5])
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            tgt = np.linspace(-1, 1, i)
+            res = cheb.chebroots(cheb.chebfromroots(tgt))
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_chebtrim(self):
+        coef = [2, -1, 1, 0]
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebtrim, coef, -1)
+
+        # Test results
+        assert_equal(cheb.chebtrim(coef), coef[:-1])
+        assert_equal(cheb.chebtrim(coef, 1), coef[:-3])
+        assert_equal(cheb.chebtrim(coef, 2), [0])
+
+    def test_chebline(self):
+        assert_equal(cheb.chebline(3, 4), [3, 4])
+
+    def test_cheb2poly(self):
+        for i in range(10):
+            assert_almost_equal(cheb.cheb2poly([0]*i + [1]), Tlist[i])
+
+    def test_poly2cheb(self):
+        for i in range(10):
+            assert_almost_equal(cheb.poly2cheb(Tlist[i]), [0]*i + [1])
+
+    def test_weight(self):
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 11)[1:-1]
+        tgt = 1./(np.sqrt(1 + x) * np.sqrt(1 - x))
+        res = cheb.chebweight(x)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_chebpts1(self):
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebpts1, 1.5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebpts1, 0)
+
+        #test points
+        tgt = [0]
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebpts1(1), tgt)
+        tgt = [-0.70710678118654746, 0.70710678118654746]
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebpts1(2), tgt)
+        tgt = [-0.86602540378443871, 0, 0.86602540378443871]
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebpts1(3), tgt)
+        tgt = [-0.9238795325, -0.3826834323, 0.3826834323, 0.9238795325]
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebpts1(4), tgt)
+
+    def test_chebpts2(self):
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebpts2, 1.5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, cheb.chebpts2, 1)
+
+        #test points
+        tgt = [-1, 1]
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebpts2(2), tgt)
+        tgt = [-1, 0, 1]
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebpts2(3), tgt)
+        tgt = [-1, -0.5, .5, 1]
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebpts2(4), tgt)
+        tgt = [-1.0, -0.707106781187, 0, 0.707106781187, 1.0]
+        assert_almost_equal(cheb.chebpts2(5), tgt)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_classes.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_classes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6322062f29ece2f52754ac7aedf2591b3a983709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_classes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,600 @@
+"""Test inter-conversion of different polynomial classes.
+
+This tests the convert and cast methods of all the polynomial classes.
+
+"""
+import operator as op
+from numbers import Number
+
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.polynomial import (
+    Polynomial, Legendre, Chebyshev, Laguerre, Hermite, HermiteE)
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_almost_equal, assert_raises, assert_equal, assert_,
+    )
+from numpy.polynomial.polyutils import RankWarning
+
+#
+# fixtures
+#
+
+classes = (
+    Polynomial, Legendre, Chebyshev, Laguerre,
+    Hermite, HermiteE
+    )
+classids = tuple(cls.__name__ for cls in classes)
+
+@pytest.fixture(params=classes, ids=classids)
+def Poly(request):
+    return request.param
+
+#
+# helper functions
+#
+random = np.random.random
+
+
+def assert_poly_almost_equal(p1, p2, msg=""):
+    try:
+        assert_(np.all(p1.domain == p2.domain))
+        assert_(np.all(p1.window == p2.window))
+        assert_almost_equal(p1.coef, p2.coef)
+    except AssertionError:
+        msg = f"Result: {p1}\nTarget: {p2}"
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+
+
+#
+# Test conversion methods that depend on combinations of two classes.
+#
+
+Poly1 = Poly
+Poly2 = Poly
+
+
+def test_conversion(Poly1, Poly2):
+    x = np.linspace(0, 1, 10)
+    coef = random((3,))
+
+    d1 = Poly1.domain + random((2,))*.25
+    w1 = Poly1.window + random((2,))*.25
+    p1 = Poly1(coef, domain=d1, window=w1)
+
+    d2 = Poly2.domain + random((2,))*.25
+    w2 = Poly2.window + random((2,))*.25
+    p2 = p1.convert(kind=Poly2, domain=d2, window=w2)
+
+    assert_almost_equal(p2.domain, d2)
+    assert_almost_equal(p2.window, w2)
+    assert_almost_equal(p2(x), p1(x))
+
+
+def test_cast(Poly1, Poly2):
+    x = np.linspace(0, 1, 10)
+    coef = random((3,))
+
+    d1 = Poly1.domain + random((2,))*.25
+    w1 = Poly1.window + random((2,))*.25
+    p1 = Poly1(coef, domain=d1, window=w1)
+
+    d2 = Poly2.domain + random((2,))*.25
+    w2 = Poly2.window + random((2,))*.25
+    p2 = Poly2.cast(p1, domain=d2, window=w2)
+
+    assert_almost_equal(p2.domain, d2)
+    assert_almost_equal(p2.window, w2)
+    assert_almost_equal(p2(x), p1(x))
+
+
+#
+# test methods that depend on one class
+#
+
+
+def test_identity(Poly):
+    d = Poly.domain + random((2,))*.25
+    w = Poly.window + random((2,))*.25
+    x = np.linspace(d[0], d[1], 11)
+    p = Poly.identity(domain=d, window=w)
+    assert_equal(p.domain, d)
+    assert_equal(p.window, w)
+    assert_almost_equal(p(x), x)
+
+
+def test_basis(Poly):
+    d = Poly.domain + random((2,))*.25
+    w = Poly.window + random((2,))*.25
+    p = Poly.basis(5, domain=d, window=w)
+    assert_equal(p.domain, d)
+    assert_equal(p.window, w)
+    assert_equal(p.coef, [0]*5 + [1])
+
+
+def test_fromroots(Poly):
+    # check that requested roots are zeros of a polynomial
+    # of correct degree, domain, and window.
+    d = Poly.domain + random((2,))*.25
+    w = Poly.window + random((2,))*.25
+    r = random((5,))
+    p1 = Poly.fromroots(r, domain=d, window=w)
+    assert_equal(p1.degree(), len(r))
+    assert_equal(p1.domain, d)
+    assert_equal(p1.window, w)
+    assert_almost_equal(p1(r), 0)
+
+    # check that polynomial is monic
+    pdom = Polynomial.domain
+    pwin = Polynomial.window
+    p2 = Polynomial.cast(p1, domain=pdom, window=pwin)
+    assert_almost_equal(p2.coef[-1], 1)
+
+
+def test_bad_conditioned_fit(Poly):
+
+    x = [0., 0., 1.]
+    y = [1., 2., 3.]
+
+    # check RankWarning is raised
+    with pytest.warns(RankWarning) as record:
+        Poly.fit(x, y, 2)
+    assert record[0].message.args[0] == "The fit may be poorly conditioned"
+
+
+def test_fit(Poly):
+
+    def f(x):
+        return x*(x - 1)*(x - 2)
+    x = np.linspace(0, 3)
+    y = f(x)
+
+    # check default value of domain and window
+    p = Poly.fit(x, y, 3)
+    assert_almost_equal(p.domain, [0, 3])
+    assert_almost_equal(p(x), y)
+    assert_equal(p.degree(), 3)
+
+    # check with given domains and window
+    d = Poly.domain + random((2,))*.25
+    w = Poly.window + random((2,))*.25
+    p = Poly.fit(x, y, 3, domain=d, window=w)
+    assert_almost_equal(p(x), y)
+    assert_almost_equal(p.domain, d)
+    assert_almost_equal(p.window, w)
+    p = Poly.fit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3], domain=d, window=w)
+    assert_almost_equal(p(x), y)
+    assert_almost_equal(p.domain, d)
+    assert_almost_equal(p.window, w)
+
+    # check with class domain default
+    p = Poly.fit(x, y, 3, [])
+    assert_equal(p.domain, Poly.domain)
+    assert_equal(p.window, Poly.window)
+    p = Poly.fit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3], [])
+    assert_equal(p.domain, Poly.domain)
+    assert_equal(p.window, Poly.window)
+
+    # check that fit accepts weights.
+    w = np.zeros_like(x)
+    z = y + random(y.shape)*.25
+    w[::2] = 1
+    p1 = Poly.fit(x[::2], z[::2], 3)
+    p2 = Poly.fit(x, z, 3, w=w)
+    p3 = Poly.fit(x, z, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+    assert_almost_equal(p1(x), p2(x))
+    assert_almost_equal(p2(x), p3(x))
+
+
+def test_equal(Poly):
+    p1 = Poly([1, 2, 3], domain=[0, 1], window=[2, 3])
+    p2 = Poly([1, 1, 1], domain=[0, 1], window=[2, 3])
+    p3 = Poly([1, 2, 3], domain=[1, 2], window=[2, 3])
+    p4 = Poly([1, 2, 3], domain=[0, 1], window=[1, 2])
+    assert_(p1 == p1)
+    assert_(not p1 == p2)
+    assert_(not p1 == p3)
+    assert_(not p1 == p4)
+
+
+def test_not_equal(Poly):
+    p1 = Poly([1, 2, 3], domain=[0, 1], window=[2, 3])
+    p2 = Poly([1, 1, 1], domain=[0, 1], window=[2, 3])
+    p3 = Poly([1, 2, 3], domain=[1, 2], window=[2, 3])
+    p4 = Poly([1, 2, 3], domain=[0, 1], window=[1, 2])
+    assert_(not p1 != p1)
+    assert_(p1 != p2)
+    assert_(p1 != p3)
+    assert_(p1 != p4)
+
+
+def test_add(Poly):
+    # This checks commutation, not numerical correctness
+    c1 = list(random((4,)) + .5)
+    c2 = list(random((3,)) + .5)
+    p1 = Poly(c1)
+    p2 = Poly(c2)
+    p3 = p1 + p2
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p2 + p1, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1 + c2, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(c2 + p1, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1 + tuple(c2), p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(tuple(c2) + p1, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1 + np.array(c2), p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(np.array(c2) + p1, p3)
+    assert_raises(TypeError, op.add, p1, Poly([0], domain=Poly.domain + 1))
+    assert_raises(TypeError, op.add, p1, Poly([0], window=Poly.window + 1))
+    if Poly is Polynomial:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.add, p1, Chebyshev([0]))
+    else:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.add, p1, Polynomial([0]))
+
+
+def test_sub(Poly):
+    # This checks commutation, not numerical correctness
+    c1 = list(random((4,)) + .5)
+    c2 = list(random((3,)) + .5)
+    p1 = Poly(c1)
+    p2 = Poly(c2)
+    p3 = p1 - p2
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p2 - p1, -p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1 - c2, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(c2 - p1, -p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1 - tuple(c2), p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(tuple(c2) - p1, -p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1 - np.array(c2), p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(np.array(c2) - p1, -p3)
+    assert_raises(TypeError, op.sub, p1, Poly([0], domain=Poly.domain + 1))
+    assert_raises(TypeError, op.sub, p1, Poly([0], window=Poly.window + 1))
+    if Poly is Polynomial:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.sub, p1, Chebyshev([0]))
+    else:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.sub, p1, Polynomial([0]))
+
+
+def test_mul(Poly):
+    c1 = list(random((4,)) + .5)
+    c2 = list(random((3,)) + .5)
+    p1 = Poly(c1)
+    p2 = Poly(c2)
+    p3 = p1 * p2
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p2 * p1, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1 * c2, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(c2 * p1, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1 * tuple(c2), p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(tuple(c2) * p1, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1 * np.array(c2), p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(np.array(c2) * p1, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1 * 2, p1 * Poly([2]))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(2 * p1, p1 * Poly([2]))
+    assert_raises(TypeError, op.mul, p1, Poly([0], domain=Poly.domain + 1))
+    assert_raises(TypeError, op.mul, p1, Poly([0], window=Poly.window + 1))
+    if Poly is Polynomial:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.mul, p1, Chebyshev([0]))
+    else:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.mul, p1, Polynomial([0]))
+
+
+def test_floordiv(Poly):
+    c1 = list(random((4,)) + .5)
+    c2 = list(random((3,)) + .5)
+    c3 = list(random((2,)) + .5)
+    p1 = Poly(c1)
+    p2 = Poly(c2)
+    p3 = Poly(c3)
+    p4 = p1 * p2 + p3
+    c4 = list(p4.coef)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p4 // p2, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p4 // c2, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(c4 // p2, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p4 // tuple(c2), p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(tuple(c4) // p2, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p4 // np.array(c2), p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(np.array(c4) // p2, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(2 // p2, Poly([0]))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p2 // 2, 0.5*p2)
+    assert_raises(
+        TypeError, op.floordiv, p1, Poly([0], domain=Poly.domain + 1))
+    assert_raises(
+        TypeError, op.floordiv, p1, Poly([0], window=Poly.window + 1))
+    if Poly is Polynomial:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.floordiv, p1, Chebyshev([0]))
+    else:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.floordiv, p1, Polynomial([0]))
+
+
+def test_truediv(Poly):
+    # true division is valid only if the denominator is a Number and
+    # not a python bool.
+    p1 = Poly([1,2,3])
+    p2 = p1 * 5
+
+    for stype in np.ScalarType:
+        if not issubclass(stype, Number) or issubclass(stype, bool):
+            continue
+        s = stype(5)
+        assert_poly_almost_equal(op.truediv(p2, s), p1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.truediv, s, p2)
+    for stype in (int, float):
+        s = stype(5)
+        assert_poly_almost_equal(op.truediv(p2, s), p1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.truediv, s, p2)
+    for stype in [complex]:
+        s = stype(5, 0)
+        assert_poly_almost_equal(op.truediv(p2, s), p1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.truediv, s, p2)
+    for s in [tuple(), list(), dict(), bool(), np.array([1])]:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.truediv, p2, s)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.truediv, s, p2)
+    for ptype in classes:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.truediv, p2, ptype(1))
+
+
+def test_mod(Poly):
+    # This checks commutation, not numerical correctness
+    c1 = list(random((4,)) + .5)
+    c2 = list(random((3,)) + .5)
+    c3 = list(random((2,)) + .5)
+    p1 = Poly(c1)
+    p2 = Poly(c2)
+    p3 = Poly(c3)
+    p4 = p1 * p2 + p3
+    c4 = list(p4.coef)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p4 % p2, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p4 % c2, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(c4 % p2, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p4 % tuple(c2), p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(tuple(c4) % p2, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p4 % np.array(c2), p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(np.array(c4) % p2, p3)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(2 % p2, Poly([2]))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p2 % 2, Poly([0]))
+    assert_raises(TypeError, op.mod, p1, Poly([0], domain=Poly.domain + 1))
+    assert_raises(TypeError, op.mod, p1, Poly([0], window=Poly.window + 1))
+    if Poly is Polynomial:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.mod, p1, Chebyshev([0]))
+    else:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, op.mod, p1, Polynomial([0]))
+
+
+def test_divmod(Poly):
+    # This checks commutation, not numerical correctness
+    c1 = list(random((4,)) + .5)
+    c2 = list(random((3,)) + .5)
+    c3 = list(random((2,)) + .5)
+    p1 = Poly(c1)
+    p2 = Poly(c2)
+    p3 = Poly(c3)
+    p4 = p1 * p2 + p3
+    c4 = list(p4.coef)
+    quo, rem = divmod(p4, p2)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(quo, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(rem, p3)
+    quo, rem = divmod(p4, c2)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(quo, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(rem, p3)
+    quo, rem = divmod(c4, p2)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(quo, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(rem, p3)
+    quo, rem = divmod(p4, tuple(c2))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(quo, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(rem, p3)
+    quo, rem = divmod(tuple(c4), p2)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(quo, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(rem, p3)
+    quo, rem = divmod(p4, np.array(c2))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(quo, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(rem, p3)
+    quo, rem = divmod(np.array(c4), p2)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(quo, p1)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(rem, p3)
+    quo, rem = divmod(p2, 2)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(quo, 0.5*p2)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(rem, Poly([0]))
+    quo, rem = divmod(2, p2)
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(quo, Poly([0]))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(rem, Poly([2]))
+    assert_raises(TypeError, divmod, p1, Poly([0], domain=Poly.domain + 1))
+    assert_raises(TypeError, divmod, p1, Poly([0], window=Poly.window + 1))
+    if Poly is Polynomial:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, divmod, p1, Chebyshev([0]))
+    else:
+        assert_raises(TypeError, divmod, p1, Polynomial([0]))
+
+
+def test_roots(Poly):
+    d = Poly.domain * 1.25 + .25
+    w = Poly.window
+    tgt = np.linspace(d[0], d[1], 5)
+    res = np.sort(Poly.fromroots(tgt, domain=d, window=w).roots())
+    assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+    # default domain and window
+    res = np.sort(Poly.fromroots(tgt).roots())
+    assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+def test_degree(Poly):
+    p = Poly.basis(5)
+    assert_equal(p.degree(), 5)
+
+
+def test_copy(Poly):
+    p1 = Poly.basis(5)
+    p2 = p1.copy()
+    assert_(p1 == p2)
+    assert_(p1 is not p2)
+    assert_(p1.coef is not p2.coef)
+    assert_(p1.domain is not p2.domain)
+    assert_(p1.window is not p2.window)
+
+
+def test_integ(Poly):
+    P = Polynomial
+    # Check defaults
+    p0 = Poly.cast(P([1*2, 2*3, 3*4]))
+    p1 = P.cast(p0.integ())
+    p2 = P.cast(p0.integ(2))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1, P([0, 2, 3, 4]))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p2, P([0, 0, 1, 1, 1]))
+    # Check with k
+    p0 = Poly.cast(P([1*2, 2*3, 3*4]))
+    p1 = P.cast(p0.integ(k=1))
+    p2 = P.cast(p0.integ(2, k=[1, 1]))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1, P([1, 2, 3, 4]))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p2, P([1, 1, 1, 1, 1]))
+    # Check with lbnd
+    p0 = Poly.cast(P([1*2, 2*3, 3*4]))
+    p1 = P.cast(p0.integ(lbnd=1))
+    p2 = P.cast(p0.integ(2, lbnd=1))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1, P([-9, 2, 3, 4]))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p2, P([6, -9, 1, 1, 1]))
+    # Check scaling
+    d = 2*Poly.domain
+    p0 = Poly.cast(P([1*2, 2*3, 3*4]), domain=d)
+    p1 = P.cast(p0.integ())
+    p2 = P.cast(p0.integ(2))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p1, P([0, 2, 3, 4]))
+    assert_poly_almost_equal(p2, P([0, 0, 1, 1, 1]))
+
+
+def test_deriv(Poly):
+    # Check that the derivative is the inverse of integration. It is
+    # assumes that the integration has been checked elsewhere.
+    d = Poly.domain + random((2,))*.25
+    w = Poly.window + random((2,))*.25
+    p1 = Poly([1, 2, 3], domain=d, window=w)
+    p2 = p1.integ(2, k=[1, 2])
+    p3 = p1.integ(1, k=[1])
+    assert_almost_equal(p2.deriv(1).coef, p3.coef)
+    assert_almost_equal(p2.deriv(2).coef, p1.coef)
+    # default domain and window
+    p1 = Poly([1, 2, 3])
+    p2 = p1.integ(2, k=[1, 2])
+    p3 = p1.integ(1, k=[1])
+    assert_almost_equal(p2.deriv(1).coef, p3.coef)
+    assert_almost_equal(p2.deriv(2).coef, p1.coef)
+
+
+def test_linspace(Poly):
+    d = Poly.domain + random((2,))*.25
+    w = Poly.window + random((2,))*.25
+    p = Poly([1, 2, 3], domain=d, window=w)
+    # check default domain
+    xtgt = np.linspace(d[0], d[1], 20)
+    ytgt = p(xtgt)
+    xres, yres = p.linspace(20)
+    assert_almost_equal(xres, xtgt)
+    assert_almost_equal(yres, ytgt)
+    # check specified domain
+    xtgt = np.linspace(0, 2, 20)
+    ytgt = p(xtgt)
+    xres, yres = p.linspace(20, domain=[0, 2])
+    assert_almost_equal(xres, xtgt)
+    assert_almost_equal(yres, ytgt)
+
+
+def test_pow(Poly):
+    d = Poly.domain + random((2,))*.25
+    w = Poly.window + random((2,))*.25
+    tgt = Poly([1], domain=d, window=w)
+    tst = Poly([1, 2, 3], domain=d, window=w)
+    for i in range(5):
+        assert_poly_almost_equal(tst**i, tgt)
+        tgt = tgt * tst
+    # default domain and window
+    tgt = Poly([1])
+    tst = Poly([1, 2, 3])
+    for i in range(5):
+        assert_poly_almost_equal(tst**i, tgt)
+        tgt = tgt * tst
+    # check error for invalid powers
+    assert_raises(ValueError, op.pow, tgt, 1.5)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, op.pow, tgt, -1)
+
+
+def test_call(Poly):
+    P = Polynomial
+    d = Poly.domain
+    x = np.linspace(d[0], d[1], 11)
+
+    # Check defaults
+    p = Poly.cast(P([1, 2, 3]))
+    tgt = 1 + x*(2 + 3*x)
+    res = p(x)
+    assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+def test_cutdeg(Poly):
+    p = Poly([1, 2, 3])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, p.cutdeg, .5)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, p.cutdeg, -1)
+    assert_equal(len(p.cutdeg(3)), 3)
+    assert_equal(len(p.cutdeg(2)), 3)
+    assert_equal(len(p.cutdeg(1)), 2)
+    assert_equal(len(p.cutdeg(0)), 1)
+
+
+def test_truncate(Poly):
+    p = Poly([1, 2, 3])
+    assert_raises(ValueError, p.truncate, .5)
+    assert_raises(ValueError, p.truncate, 0)
+    assert_equal(len(p.truncate(4)), 3)
+    assert_equal(len(p.truncate(3)), 3)
+    assert_equal(len(p.truncate(2)), 2)
+    assert_equal(len(p.truncate(1)), 1)
+
+
+def test_trim(Poly):
+    c = [1, 1e-6, 1e-12, 0]
+    p = Poly(c)
+    assert_equal(p.trim().coef, c[:3])
+    assert_equal(p.trim(1e-10).coef, c[:2])
+    assert_equal(p.trim(1e-5).coef, c[:1])
+
+
+def test_mapparms(Poly):
+    # check with defaults. Should be identity.
+    d = Poly.domain
+    w = Poly.window
+    p = Poly([1], domain=d, window=w)
+    assert_almost_equal([0, 1], p.mapparms())
+    #
+    w = 2*d + 1
+    p = Poly([1], domain=d, window=w)
+    assert_almost_equal([1, 2], p.mapparms())
+
+
+def test_ufunc_override(Poly):
+    p = Poly([1, 2, 3])
+    x = np.ones(3)
+    assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, p, x)
+    assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, x, p)
+
+
+#
+# Test class method that only exists for some classes
+#
+
+
+class TestInterpolate:
+
+    def f(self, x):
+        return x * (x - 1) * (x - 2)
+
+    def test_raises(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, Chebyshev.interpolate, self.f, -1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, Chebyshev.interpolate, self.f, 10.)
+
+    def test_dimensions(self):
+        for deg in range(1, 5):
+            assert_(Chebyshev.interpolate(self.f, deg).degree() == deg)
+
+    def test_approximation(self):
+
+        def powx(x, p):
+            return x**p
+
+        x = np.linspace(0, 2, 10)
+        for deg in range(0, 10):
+            for t in range(0, deg + 1):
+                p = Chebyshev.interpolate(powx, deg, domain=[0, 2], args=(t,))
+                assert_almost_equal(p(x), powx(x, t), decimal=11)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_hermite.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_hermite.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..53ee0844e3c58456807bfd7828bdb9cf58f8ed76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_hermite.py
@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+"""Tests for hermite module.
+
+"""
+from functools import reduce
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.polynomial.hermite as herm
+from numpy.polynomial.polynomial import polyval
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_almost_equal, assert_raises, assert_equal, assert_,
+    )
+
+H0 = np.array([1])
+H1 = np.array([0, 2])
+H2 = np.array([-2, 0, 4])
+H3 = np.array([0, -12, 0, 8])
+H4 = np.array([12, 0, -48, 0, 16])
+H5 = np.array([0, 120, 0, -160, 0, 32])
+H6 = np.array([-120, 0, 720, 0, -480, 0, 64])
+H7 = np.array([0, -1680, 0, 3360, 0, -1344, 0, 128])
+H8 = np.array([1680, 0, -13440, 0, 13440, 0, -3584, 0, 256])
+H9 = np.array([0, 30240, 0, -80640, 0, 48384, 0, -9216, 0, 512])
+
+Hlist = [H0, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9]
+
+
+def trim(x):
+    return herm.hermtrim(x, tol=1e-6)
+
+
+class TestConstants:
+
+    def test_hermdomain(self):
+        assert_equal(herm.hermdomain, [-1, 1])
+
+    def test_hermzero(self):
+        assert_equal(herm.hermzero, [0])
+
+    def test_hermone(self):
+        assert_equal(herm.hermone, [1])
+
+    def test_hermx(self):
+        assert_equal(herm.hermx, [0, .5])
+
+
+class TestArithmetic:
+    x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 100)
+
+    def test_hermadd(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] += 1
+                res = herm.hermadd([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_hermsub(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] -= 1
+                res = herm.hermsub([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_hermmulx(self):
+        assert_equal(herm.hermmulx([0]), [0])
+        assert_equal(herm.hermmulx([1]), [0, .5])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            ser = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [0]*(i - 1) + [i, 0, .5]
+            assert_equal(herm.hermmulx(ser), tgt)
+
+    def test_hermmul(self):
+        # check values of result
+        for i in range(5):
+            pol1 = [0]*i + [1]
+            val1 = herm.hermval(self.x, pol1)
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                pol2 = [0]*j + [1]
+                val2 = herm.hermval(self.x, pol2)
+                pol3 = herm.hermmul(pol1, pol2)
+                val3 = herm.hermval(self.x, pol3)
+                assert_(len(pol3) == i + j + 1, msg)
+                assert_almost_equal(val3, val1*val2, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_hermdiv(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                ci = [0]*i + [1]
+                cj = [0]*j + [1]
+                tgt = herm.hermadd(ci, cj)
+                quo, rem = herm.hermdiv(tgt, ci)
+                res = herm.hermadd(herm.hermmul(quo, ci), rem)
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_hermpow(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                c = np.arange(i + 1)
+                tgt = reduce(herm.hermmul, [c]*j, np.array([1]))
+                res = herm.hermpow(c, j) 
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+
+class TestEvaluation:
+    # coefficients of 1 + 2*x + 3*x**2
+    c1d = np.array([2.5, 1., .75])
+    c2d = np.einsum('i,j->ij', c1d, c1d)
+    c3d = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', c1d, c1d, c1d)
+
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+    y = polyval(x, [1., 2., 3.])
+
+    def test_hermval(self):
+        #check empty input
+        assert_equal(herm.hermval([], [1]).size, 0)
+
+        #check normal input)
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = [polyval(x, c) for c in Hlist]
+        for i in range(10):
+            msg = f"At i={i}"
+            tgt = y[i]
+            res = herm.hermval(x, [0]*i + [1])
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+
+        #check that shape is preserved
+        for i in range(3):
+            dims = [2]*i
+            x = np.zeros(dims)
+            assert_equal(herm.hermval(x, [1]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(herm.hermval(x, [1, 0]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(herm.hermval(x, [1, 0, 0]).shape, dims)
+
+    def test_hermval2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermval2d, x1, x2[:2], self.c2d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2
+        res = herm.hermval2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = herm.hermval2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_hermval3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermval3d, x1, x2, x3[:2], self.c3d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2*y3
+        res = herm.hermval3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = herm.hermval3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_hermgrid2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j->ij', y1, y2)
+        res = herm.hermgrid2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = herm.hermgrid2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*2)
+
+    def test_hermgrid3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', y1, y2, y3)
+        res = herm.hermgrid3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = herm.hermgrid3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*3)
+
+
+class TestIntegral:
+
+    def test_hermint(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herm.hermint, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermint, [0], -1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermint, [0], 1, [0, 0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermint, [0], lbnd=[0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermint, [0], scl=[0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herm.hermint, [0], axis=.5)
+
+        # test integration of zero polynomial
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            k = [0]*(i - 2) + [1]
+            res = herm.hermint([0], m=i, k=k)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, [0, .5])
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [1/scl]
+            hermpol = herm.poly2herm(pol)
+            hermint = herm.hermint(hermpol, m=1, k=[i])
+            res = herm.herm2poly(hermint)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            hermpol = herm.poly2herm(pol)
+            hermint = herm.hermint(hermpol, m=1, k=[i], lbnd=-1)
+            assert_almost_equal(herm.hermval(-1, hermint), i)
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [2/scl]
+            hermpol = herm.poly2herm(pol)
+            hermint = herm.hermint(hermpol, m=1, k=[i], scl=2)
+            res = herm.herm2poly(hermint)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with default k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = herm.hermint(tgt, m=1)
+                res = herm.hermint(pol, m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with defined k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = herm.hermint(tgt, m=1, k=[k])
+                res = herm.hermint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)))
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = herm.hermint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], lbnd=-1)
+                res = herm.hermint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), lbnd=-1)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = herm.hermint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], scl=2)
+                res = herm.hermint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), scl=2)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_hermint_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([herm.hermint(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = herm.hermint(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([herm.hermint(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = herm.hermint(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([herm.hermint(c, k=3) for c in c2d])
+        res = herm.hermint(c2d, k=3, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestDerivative:
+
+    def test_hermder(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herm.hermder, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermder, [0], -1)
+
+        # check that zeroth derivative does nothing
+        for i in range(5):
+            tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+            res = herm.hermder(tgt, m=0)
+            assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check that derivation is the inverse of integration
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = herm.hermder(herm.hermint(tgt, m=j), m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check derivation with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = herm.hermder(herm.hermint(tgt, m=j, scl=2), m=j, scl=.5)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_hermder_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([herm.hermder(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = herm.hermder(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([herm.hermder(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = herm.hermder(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestVander:
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+
+    def test_hermvander(self):
+        # check for 1d x
+        x = np.arange(3)
+        v = herm.hermvander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], herm.hermval(x, coef))
+
+        # check for 2d x
+        x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
+        v = herm.hermvander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 2, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], herm.hermval(x, coef))
+
+    def test_hermvander2d(self):
+        # also tests hermval2d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3))
+        van = herm.hermvander2d(x1, x2, [1, 2])
+        tgt = herm.hermval2d(x1, x2, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = herm.hermvander2d([x1], [x2], [1, 2])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 6))
+
+    def test_hermvander3d(self):
+        # also tests hermval3d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3, 4))
+        van = herm.hermvander3d(x1, x2, x3, [1, 2, 3])
+        tgt = herm.hermval3d(x1, x2, x3, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = herm.hermvander3d([x1], [x2], [x3], [1, 2, 3])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 24))
+
+
+class TestFitting:
+
+    def test_hermfit(self):
+        def f(x):
+            return x*(x - 1)*(x - 2)
+
+        def f2(x):
+            return x**4 + x**2 + 1
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermfit, [1], [1], -1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herm.hermfit, [[1]], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herm.hermfit, [], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herm.hermfit, [1], [[[1]]], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herm.hermfit, [1, 2], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herm.hermfit, [1], [1, 2], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herm.hermfit, [1], [1], 0, w=[[1]])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herm.hermfit, [1], [1], 0, w=[1, 1])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermfit, [1], [1], [-1,])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermfit, [1], [1], [2, -1, 6])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herm.hermfit, [1], [1], [])
+
+        # Test fit
+        x = np.linspace(0, 2)
+        y = f(x)
+        #
+        coef3 = herm.hermfit(x, y, 3)
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(herm.hermval(x, coef3), y)
+        coef3 = herm.hermfit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(herm.hermval(x, coef3), y)
+        #
+        coef4 = herm.hermfit(x, y, 4)
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(herm.hermval(x, coef4), y)
+        coef4 = herm.hermfit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(herm.hermval(x, coef4), y)
+        # check things still work if deg is not in strict increasing
+        coef4 = herm.hermfit(x, y, [2, 3, 4, 1, 0])
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(herm.hermval(x, coef4), y)
+        #
+        coef2d = herm.hermfit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, 3)
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        coef2d = herm.hermfit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test weighting
+        w = np.zeros_like(x)
+        yw = y.copy()
+        w[1::2] = 1
+        y[0::2] = 0
+        wcoef3 = herm.hermfit(x, yw, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        wcoef3 = herm.hermfit(x, yw, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        #
+        wcoef2d = herm.hermfit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        wcoef2d = herm.hermfit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test scaling with complex values x points whose square
+        # is zero when summed.
+        x = [1, 1j, -1, -1j]
+        assert_almost_equal(herm.hermfit(x, x, 1), [0, .5])
+        assert_almost_equal(herm.hermfit(x, x, [0, 1]), [0, .5])
+        # test fitting only even Legendre polynomials
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = f2(x)
+        coef1 = herm.hermfit(x, y, 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(herm.hermval(x, coef1), y)
+        coef2 = herm.hermfit(x, y, [0, 2, 4])
+        assert_almost_equal(herm.hermval(x, coef2), y)
+        assert_almost_equal(coef1, coef2)
+
+
+class TestCompanion:
+
+    def test_raises(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermcompanion, [])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermcompanion, [1])
+
+    def test_dimensions(self):
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_(herm.hermcompanion(coef).shape == (i, i))
+
+    def test_linear_root(self):
+        assert_(herm.hermcompanion([1, 2])[0, 0] == -.25)
+
+
+class TestGauss:
+
+    def test_100(self):
+        x, w = herm.hermgauss(100)
+
+        # test orthogonality. Note that the results need to be normalized,
+        # otherwise the huge values that can arise from fast growing
+        # functions like Laguerre can be very confusing.
+        v = herm.hermvander(x, 99)
+        vv = np.dot(v.T * w, v)
+        vd = 1/np.sqrt(vv.diagonal())
+        vv = vd[:, None] * vv * vd
+        assert_almost_equal(vv, np.eye(100))
+
+        # check that the integral of 1 is correct
+        tgt = np.sqrt(np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(w.sum(), tgt)
+
+
+class TestMisc:
+
+    def test_hermfromroots(self):
+        res = herm.hermfromroots([])
+        assert_almost_equal(trim(res), [1])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            roots = np.cos(np.linspace(-np.pi, 0, 2*i + 1)[1::2])
+            pol = herm.hermfromroots(roots)
+            res = herm.hermval(roots, pol)
+            tgt = 0
+            assert_(len(pol) == i + 1)
+            assert_almost_equal(herm.herm2poly(pol)[-1], 1)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_hermroots(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(herm.hermroots([1]), [])
+        assert_almost_equal(herm.hermroots([1, 1]), [-.5])
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            tgt = np.linspace(-1, 1, i)
+            res = herm.hermroots(herm.hermfromroots(tgt))
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_hermtrim(self):
+        coef = [2, -1, 1, 0]
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herm.hermtrim, coef, -1)
+
+        # Test results
+        assert_equal(herm.hermtrim(coef), coef[:-1])
+        assert_equal(herm.hermtrim(coef, 1), coef[:-3])
+        assert_equal(herm.hermtrim(coef, 2), [0])
+
+    def test_hermline(self):
+        assert_equal(herm.hermline(3, 4), [3, 2])
+
+    def test_herm2poly(self):
+        for i in range(10):
+            assert_almost_equal(herm.herm2poly([0]*i + [1]), Hlist[i])
+
+    def test_poly2herm(self):
+        for i in range(10):
+            assert_almost_equal(herm.poly2herm(Hlist[i]), [0]*i + [1])
+
+    def test_weight(self):
+        x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
+        tgt = np.exp(-x**2)
+        res = herm.hermweight(x)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_hermite_e.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_hermite_e.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d262a3306222bd79f682b09763b0bd2b90ba8fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_hermite_e.py
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+"""Tests for hermite_e module.
+
+"""
+from functools import reduce
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.polynomial.hermite_e as herme
+from numpy.polynomial.polynomial import polyval
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_almost_equal, assert_raises, assert_equal, assert_,
+    )
+
+He0 = np.array([1])
+He1 = np.array([0, 1])
+He2 = np.array([-1, 0, 1])
+He3 = np.array([0, -3, 0, 1])
+He4 = np.array([3, 0, -6, 0, 1])
+He5 = np.array([0, 15, 0, -10, 0, 1])
+He6 = np.array([-15, 0, 45, 0, -15, 0, 1])
+He7 = np.array([0, -105, 0, 105, 0, -21, 0, 1])
+He8 = np.array([105, 0, -420, 0, 210, 0, -28, 0, 1])
+He9 = np.array([0, 945, 0, -1260, 0, 378, 0, -36, 0, 1])
+
+Helist = [He0, He1, He2, He3, He4, He5, He6, He7, He8, He9]
+
+
+def trim(x):
+    return herme.hermetrim(x, tol=1e-6)
+
+
+class TestConstants:
+
+    def test_hermedomain(self):
+        assert_equal(herme.hermedomain, [-1, 1])
+
+    def test_hermezero(self):
+        assert_equal(herme.hermezero, [0])
+
+    def test_hermeone(self):
+        assert_equal(herme.hermeone, [1])
+
+    def test_hermex(self):
+        assert_equal(herme.hermex, [0, 1])
+
+
+class TestArithmetic:
+    x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 100)
+
+    def test_hermeadd(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] += 1
+                res = herme.hermeadd([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_hermesub(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] -= 1
+                res = herme.hermesub([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_hermemulx(self):
+        assert_equal(herme.hermemulx([0]), [0])
+        assert_equal(herme.hermemulx([1]), [0, 1])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            ser = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [0]*(i - 1) + [i, 0, 1]
+            assert_equal(herme.hermemulx(ser), tgt)
+
+    def test_hermemul(self):
+        # check values of result
+        for i in range(5):
+            pol1 = [0]*i + [1]
+            val1 = herme.hermeval(self.x, pol1)
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                pol2 = [0]*j + [1]
+                val2 = herme.hermeval(self.x, pol2)
+                pol3 = herme.hermemul(pol1, pol2)
+                val3 = herme.hermeval(self.x, pol3)
+                assert_(len(pol3) == i + j + 1, msg)
+                assert_almost_equal(val3, val1*val2, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_hermediv(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                ci = [0]*i + [1]
+                cj = [0]*j + [1]
+                tgt = herme.hermeadd(ci, cj)
+                quo, rem = herme.hermediv(tgt, ci)
+                res = herme.hermeadd(herme.hermemul(quo, ci), rem)
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_hermepow(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                c = np.arange(i + 1)
+                tgt = reduce(herme.hermemul, [c]*j, np.array([1]))
+                res = herme.hermepow(c, j)
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+
+class TestEvaluation:
+    # coefficients of 1 + 2*x + 3*x**2
+    c1d = np.array([4., 2., 3.])
+    c2d = np.einsum('i,j->ij', c1d, c1d)
+    c3d = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', c1d, c1d, c1d)
+
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+    y = polyval(x, [1., 2., 3.])
+
+    def test_hermeval(self):
+        #check empty input
+        assert_equal(herme.hermeval([], [1]).size, 0)
+
+        #check normal input)
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = [polyval(x, c) for c in Helist]
+        for i in range(10):
+            msg = f"At i={i}"
+            tgt = y[i]
+            res = herme.hermeval(x, [0]*i + [1])
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+
+        #check that shape is preserved
+        for i in range(3):
+            dims = [2]*i
+            x = np.zeros(dims)
+            assert_equal(herme.hermeval(x, [1]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(herme.hermeval(x, [1, 0]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(herme.hermeval(x, [1, 0, 0]).shape, dims)
+
+    def test_hermeval2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermeval2d, x1, x2[:2], self.c2d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2
+        res = herme.hermeval2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = herme.hermeval2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_hermeval3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermeval3d, x1, x2, x3[:2], self.c3d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2*y3
+        res = herme.hermeval3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = herme.hermeval3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_hermegrid2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j->ij', y1, y2)
+        res = herme.hermegrid2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = herme.hermegrid2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*2)
+
+    def test_hermegrid3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', y1, y2, y3)
+        res = herme.hermegrid3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = herme.hermegrid3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*3)
+
+
+class TestIntegral:
+
+    def test_hermeint(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herme.hermeint, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermeint, [0], -1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermeint, [0], 1, [0, 0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermeint, [0], lbnd=[0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermeint, [0], scl=[0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herme.hermeint, [0], axis=.5)
+
+        # test integration of zero polynomial
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            k = [0]*(i - 2) + [1]
+            res = herme.hermeint([0], m=i, k=k)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, [0, 1])
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [1/scl]
+            hermepol = herme.poly2herme(pol)
+            hermeint = herme.hermeint(hermepol, m=1, k=[i])
+            res = herme.herme2poly(hermeint)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            hermepol = herme.poly2herme(pol)
+            hermeint = herme.hermeint(hermepol, m=1, k=[i], lbnd=-1)
+            assert_almost_equal(herme.hermeval(-1, hermeint), i)
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [2/scl]
+            hermepol = herme.poly2herme(pol)
+            hermeint = herme.hermeint(hermepol, m=1, k=[i], scl=2)
+            res = herme.herme2poly(hermeint)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with default k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = herme.hermeint(tgt, m=1)
+                res = herme.hermeint(pol, m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with defined k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = herme.hermeint(tgt, m=1, k=[k])
+                res = herme.hermeint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)))
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = herme.hermeint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], lbnd=-1)
+                res = herme.hermeint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), lbnd=-1)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = herme.hermeint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], scl=2)
+                res = herme.hermeint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), scl=2)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_hermeint_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([herme.hermeint(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = herme.hermeint(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([herme.hermeint(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = herme.hermeint(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([herme.hermeint(c, k=3) for c in c2d])
+        res = herme.hermeint(c2d, k=3, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestDerivative:
+
+    def test_hermeder(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herme.hermeder, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermeder, [0], -1)
+
+        # check that zeroth derivative does nothing
+        for i in range(5):
+            tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+            res = herme.hermeder(tgt, m=0)
+            assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check that derivation is the inverse of integration
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = herme.hermeder(herme.hermeint(tgt, m=j), m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check derivation with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = herme.hermeder(
+                    herme.hermeint(tgt, m=j, scl=2), m=j, scl=.5)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_hermeder_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([herme.hermeder(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = herme.hermeder(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([herme.hermeder(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = herme.hermeder(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestVander:
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+
+    def test_hermevander(self):
+        # check for 1d x
+        x = np.arange(3)
+        v = herme.hermevander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], herme.hermeval(x, coef))
+
+        # check for 2d x
+        x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
+        v = herme.hermevander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 2, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], herme.hermeval(x, coef))
+
+    def test_hermevander2d(self):
+        # also tests hermeval2d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3))
+        van = herme.hermevander2d(x1, x2, [1, 2])
+        tgt = herme.hermeval2d(x1, x2, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = herme.hermevander2d([x1], [x2], [1, 2])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 6))
+
+    def test_hermevander3d(self):
+        # also tests hermeval3d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3, 4))
+        van = herme.hermevander3d(x1, x2, x3, [1, 2, 3])
+        tgt = herme.hermeval3d(x1, x2, x3, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = herme.hermevander3d([x1], [x2], [x3], [1, 2, 3])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 24))
+
+
+class TestFitting:
+
+    def test_hermefit(self):
+        def f(x):
+            return x*(x - 1)*(x - 2)
+
+        def f2(x):
+            return x**4 + x**2 + 1
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermefit, [1], [1], -1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herme.hermefit, [[1]], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herme.hermefit, [], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herme.hermefit, [1], [[[1]]], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herme.hermefit, [1, 2], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herme.hermefit, [1], [1, 2], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herme.hermefit, [1], [1], 0, w=[[1]])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herme.hermefit, [1], [1], 0, w=[1, 1])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermefit, [1], [1], [-1,])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermefit, [1], [1], [2, -1, 6])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, herme.hermefit, [1], [1], [])
+
+        # Test fit
+        x = np.linspace(0, 2)
+        y = f(x)
+        #
+        coef3 = herme.hermefit(x, y, 3)
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(herme.hermeval(x, coef3), y)
+        coef3 = herme.hermefit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(herme.hermeval(x, coef3), y)
+        #
+        coef4 = herme.hermefit(x, y, 4)
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(herme.hermeval(x, coef4), y)
+        coef4 = herme.hermefit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(herme.hermeval(x, coef4), y)
+        # check things still work if deg is not in strict increasing
+        coef4 = herme.hermefit(x, y, [2, 3, 4, 1, 0])
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(herme.hermeval(x, coef4), y)
+        #
+        coef2d = herme.hermefit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, 3)
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        coef2d = herme.hermefit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test weighting
+        w = np.zeros_like(x)
+        yw = y.copy()
+        w[1::2] = 1
+        y[0::2] = 0
+        wcoef3 = herme.hermefit(x, yw, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        wcoef3 = herme.hermefit(x, yw, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        #
+        wcoef2d = herme.hermefit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        wcoef2d = herme.hermefit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test scaling with complex values x points whose square
+        # is zero when summed.
+        x = [1, 1j, -1, -1j]
+        assert_almost_equal(herme.hermefit(x, x, 1), [0, 1])
+        assert_almost_equal(herme.hermefit(x, x, [0, 1]), [0, 1])
+        # test fitting only even Legendre polynomials
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = f2(x)
+        coef1 = herme.hermefit(x, y, 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(herme.hermeval(x, coef1), y)
+        coef2 = herme.hermefit(x, y, [0, 2, 4])
+        assert_almost_equal(herme.hermeval(x, coef2), y)
+        assert_almost_equal(coef1, coef2)
+
+
+class TestCompanion:
+
+    def test_raises(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermecompanion, [])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermecompanion, [1])
+
+    def test_dimensions(self):
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_(herme.hermecompanion(coef).shape == (i, i))
+
+    def test_linear_root(self):
+        assert_(herme.hermecompanion([1, 2])[0, 0] == -.5)
+
+
+class TestGauss:
+
+    def test_100(self):
+        x, w = herme.hermegauss(100)
+
+        # test orthogonality. Note that the results need to be normalized,
+        # otherwise the huge values that can arise from fast growing
+        # functions like Laguerre can be very confusing.
+        v = herme.hermevander(x, 99)
+        vv = np.dot(v.T * w, v)
+        vd = 1/np.sqrt(vv.diagonal())
+        vv = vd[:, None] * vv * vd
+        assert_almost_equal(vv, np.eye(100))
+
+        # check that the integral of 1 is correct
+        tgt = np.sqrt(2*np.pi)
+        assert_almost_equal(w.sum(), tgt)
+
+
+class TestMisc:
+
+    def test_hermefromroots(self):
+        res = herme.hermefromroots([])
+        assert_almost_equal(trim(res), [1])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            roots = np.cos(np.linspace(-np.pi, 0, 2*i + 1)[1::2])
+            pol = herme.hermefromroots(roots)
+            res = herme.hermeval(roots, pol)
+            tgt = 0
+            assert_(len(pol) == i + 1)
+            assert_almost_equal(herme.herme2poly(pol)[-1], 1)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_hermeroots(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(herme.hermeroots([1]), [])
+        assert_almost_equal(herme.hermeroots([1, 1]), [-1])
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            tgt = np.linspace(-1, 1, i)
+            res = herme.hermeroots(herme.hermefromroots(tgt))
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_hermetrim(self):
+        coef = [2, -1, 1, 0]
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, herme.hermetrim, coef, -1)
+
+        # Test results
+        assert_equal(herme.hermetrim(coef), coef[:-1])
+        assert_equal(herme.hermetrim(coef, 1), coef[:-3])
+        assert_equal(herme.hermetrim(coef, 2), [0])
+
+    def test_hermeline(self):
+        assert_equal(herme.hermeline(3, 4), [3, 4])
+
+    def test_herme2poly(self):
+        for i in range(10):
+            assert_almost_equal(herme.herme2poly([0]*i + [1]), Helist[i])
+
+    def test_poly2herme(self):
+        for i in range(10):
+            assert_almost_equal(herme.poly2herme(Helist[i]), [0]*i + [1])
+
+    def test_weight(self):
+        x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
+        tgt = np.exp(-.5*x**2)
+        res = herme.hermeweight(x)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_laguerre.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_laguerre.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..227ef3c5576dd666e2eb76576eb260d5ba48cb0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_laguerre.py
@@ -0,0 +1,537 @@
+"""Tests for laguerre module.
+
+"""
+from functools import reduce
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.polynomial.laguerre as lag
+from numpy.polynomial.polynomial import polyval
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_almost_equal, assert_raises, assert_equal, assert_,
+    )
+
+L0 = np.array([1])/1
+L1 = np.array([1, -1])/1
+L2 = np.array([2, -4, 1])/2
+L3 = np.array([6, -18, 9, -1])/6
+L4 = np.array([24, -96, 72, -16, 1])/24
+L5 = np.array([120, -600, 600, -200, 25, -1])/120
+L6 = np.array([720, -4320, 5400, -2400, 450, -36, 1])/720
+
+Llist = [L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6]
+
+
+def trim(x):
+    return lag.lagtrim(x, tol=1e-6)
+
+
+class TestConstants:
+
+    def test_lagdomain(self):
+        assert_equal(lag.lagdomain, [0, 1])
+
+    def test_lagzero(self):
+        assert_equal(lag.lagzero, [0])
+
+    def test_lagone(self):
+        assert_equal(lag.lagone, [1])
+
+    def test_lagx(self):
+        assert_equal(lag.lagx, [1, -1])
+
+
+class TestArithmetic:
+    x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 100)
+
+    def test_lagadd(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] += 1
+                res = lag.lagadd([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_lagsub(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] -= 1
+                res = lag.lagsub([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_lagmulx(self):
+        assert_equal(lag.lagmulx([0]), [0])
+        assert_equal(lag.lagmulx([1]), [1, -1])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            ser = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [0]*(i - 1) + [-i, 2*i + 1, -(i + 1)]
+            assert_almost_equal(lag.lagmulx(ser), tgt)
+
+    def test_lagmul(self):
+        # check values of result
+        for i in range(5):
+            pol1 = [0]*i + [1]
+            val1 = lag.lagval(self.x, pol1)
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                pol2 = [0]*j + [1]
+                val2 = lag.lagval(self.x, pol2)
+                pol3 = lag.lagmul(pol1, pol2)
+                val3 = lag.lagval(self.x, pol3)
+                assert_(len(pol3) == i + j + 1, msg)
+                assert_almost_equal(val3, val1*val2, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_lagdiv(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                ci = [0]*i + [1]
+                cj = [0]*j + [1]
+                tgt = lag.lagadd(ci, cj)
+                quo, rem = lag.lagdiv(tgt, ci)
+                res = lag.lagadd(lag.lagmul(quo, ci), rem)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_lagpow(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                c = np.arange(i + 1)
+                tgt = reduce(lag.lagmul, [c]*j, np.array([1]))
+                res = lag.lagpow(c, j) 
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+
+class TestEvaluation:
+    # coefficients of 1 + 2*x + 3*x**2
+    c1d = np.array([9., -14., 6.])
+    c2d = np.einsum('i,j->ij', c1d, c1d)
+    c3d = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', c1d, c1d, c1d)
+
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+    y = polyval(x, [1., 2., 3.])
+
+    def test_lagval(self):
+        #check empty input
+        assert_equal(lag.lagval([], [1]).size, 0)
+
+        #check normal input)
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = [polyval(x, c) for c in Llist]
+        for i in range(7):
+            msg = f"At i={i}"
+            tgt = y[i]
+            res = lag.lagval(x, [0]*i + [1])
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+
+        #check that shape is preserved
+        for i in range(3):
+            dims = [2]*i
+            x = np.zeros(dims)
+            assert_equal(lag.lagval(x, [1]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(lag.lagval(x, [1, 0]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(lag.lagval(x, [1, 0, 0]).shape, dims)
+
+    def test_lagval2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagval2d, x1, x2[:2], self.c2d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2
+        res = lag.lagval2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = lag.lagval2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_lagval3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagval3d, x1, x2, x3[:2], self.c3d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2*y3
+        res = lag.lagval3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = lag.lagval3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_laggrid2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j->ij', y1, y2)
+        res = lag.laggrid2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = lag.laggrid2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*2)
+
+    def test_laggrid3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', y1, y2, y3)
+        res = lag.laggrid3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = lag.laggrid3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*3)
+
+
+class TestIntegral:
+
+    def test_lagint(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lag.lagint, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagint, [0], -1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagint, [0], 1, [0, 0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagint, [0], lbnd=[0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagint, [0], scl=[0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lag.lagint, [0], axis=.5)
+
+        # test integration of zero polynomial
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            k = [0]*(i - 2) + [1]
+            res = lag.lagint([0], m=i, k=k)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, [1, -1])
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [1/scl]
+            lagpol = lag.poly2lag(pol)
+            lagint = lag.lagint(lagpol, m=1, k=[i])
+            res = lag.lag2poly(lagint)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            lagpol = lag.poly2lag(pol)
+            lagint = lag.lagint(lagpol, m=1, k=[i], lbnd=-1)
+            assert_almost_equal(lag.lagval(-1, lagint), i)
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [2/scl]
+            lagpol = lag.poly2lag(pol)
+            lagint = lag.lagint(lagpol, m=1, k=[i], scl=2)
+            res = lag.lag2poly(lagint)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with default k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = lag.lagint(tgt, m=1)
+                res = lag.lagint(pol, m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with defined k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = lag.lagint(tgt, m=1, k=[k])
+                res = lag.lagint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)))
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = lag.lagint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], lbnd=-1)
+                res = lag.lagint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), lbnd=-1)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = lag.lagint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], scl=2)
+                res = lag.lagint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), scl=2)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_lagint_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([lag.lagint(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = lag.lagint(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([lag.lagint(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = lag.lagint(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([lag.lagint(c, k=3) for c in c2d])
+        res = lag.lagint(c2d, k=3, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestDerivative:
+
+    def test_lagder(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lag.lagder, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagder, [0], -1)
+
+        # check that zeroth derivative does nothing
+        for i in range(5):
+            tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+            res = lag.lagder(tgt, m=0)
+            assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check that derivation is the inverse of integration
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = lag.lagder(lag.lagint(tgt, m=j), m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check derivation with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = lag.lagder(lag.lagint(tgt, m=j, scl=2), m=j, scl=.5)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_lagder_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([lag.lagder(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = lag.lagder(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([lag.lagder(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = lag.lagder(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestVander:
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+
+    def test_lagvander(self):
+        # check for 1d x
+        x = np.arange(3)
+        v = lag.lagvander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], lag.lagval(x, coef))
+
+        # check for 2d x
+        x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
+        v = lag.lagvander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 2, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], lag.lagval(x, coef))
+
+    def test_lagvander2d(self):
+        # also tests lagval2d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3))
+        van = lag.lagvander2d(x1, x2, [1, 2])
+        tgt = lag.lagval2d(x1, x2, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = lag.lagvander2d([x1], [x2], [1, 2])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 6))
+
+    def test_lagvander3d(self):
+        # also tests lagval3d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3, 4))
+        van = lag.lagvander3d(x1, x2, x3, [1, 2, 3])
+        tgt = lag.lagval3d(x1, x2, x3, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = lag.lagvander3d([x1], [x2], [x3], [1, 2, 3])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 24))
+
+
+class TestFitting:
+
+    def test_lagfit(self):
+        def f(x):
+            return x*(x - 1)*(x - 2)
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagfit, [1], [1], -1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lag.lagfit, [[1]], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lag.lagfit, [], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lag.lagfit, [1], [[[1]]], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lag.lagfit, [1, 2], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lag.lagfit, [1], [1, 2], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lag.lagfit, [1], [1], 0, w=[[1]])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lag.lagfit, [1], [1], 0, w=[1, 1])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagfit, [1], [1], [-1,])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagfit, [1], [1], [2, -1, 6])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, lag.lagfit, [1], [1], [])
+
+        # Test fit
+        x = np.linspace(0, 2)
+        y = f(x)
+        #
+        coef3 = lag.lagfit(x, y, 3)
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(lag.lagval(x, coef3), y)
+        coef3 = lag.lagfit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(lag.lagval(x, coef3), y)
+        #
+        coef4 = lag.lagfit(x, y, 4)
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(lag.lagval(x, coef4), y)
+        coef4 = lag.lagfit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(lag.lagval(x, coef4), y)
+        #
+        coef2d = lag.lagfit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, 3)
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        coef2d = lag.lagfit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test weighting
+        w = np.zeros_like(x)
+        yw = y.copy()
+        w[1::2] = 1
+        y[0::2] = 0
+        wcoef3 = lag.lagfit(x, yw, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        wcoef3 = lag.lagfit(x, yw, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        #
+        wcoef2d = lag.lagfit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        wcoef2d = lag.lagfit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test scaling with complex values x points whose square
+        # is zero when summed.
+        x = [1, 1j, -1, -1j]
+        assert_almost_equal(lag.lagfit(x, x, 1), [1, -1])
+        assert_almost_equal(lag.lagfit(x, x, [0, 1]), [1, -1])
+
+
+class TestCompanion:
+
+    def test_raises(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagcompanion, [])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagcompanion, [1])
+
+    def test_dimensions(self):
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_(lag.lagcompanion(coef).shape == (i, i))
+
+    def test_linear_root(self):
+        assert_(lag.lagcompanion([1, 2])[0, 0] == 1.5)
+
+
+class TestGauss:
+
+    def test_100(self):
+        x, w = lag.laggauss(100)
+
+        # test orthogonality. Note that the results need to be normalized,
+        # otherwise the huge values that can arise from fast growing
+        # functions like Laguerre can be very confusing.
+        v = lag.lagvander(x, 99)
+        vv = np.dot(v.T * w, v)
+        vd = 1/np.sqrt(vv.diagonal())
+        vv = vd[:, None] * vv * vd
+        assert_almost_equal(vv, np.eye(100))
+
+        # check that the integral of 1 is correct
+        tgt = 1.0
+        assert_almost_equal(w.sum(), tgt)
+
+
+class TestMisc:
+
+    def test_lagfromroots(self):
+        res = lag.lagfromroots([])
+        assert_almost_equal(trim(res), [1])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            roots = np.cos(np.linspace(-np.pi, 0, 2*i + 1)[1::2])
+            pol = lag.lagfromroots(roots)
+            res = lag.lagval(roots, pol)
+            tgt = 0
+            assert_(len(pol) == i + 1)
+            assert_almost_equal(lag.lag2poly(pol)[-1], 1)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_lagroots(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(lag.lagroots([1]), [])
+        assert_almost_equal(lag.lagroots([0, 1]), [1])
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            tgt = np.linspace(0, 3, i)
+            res = lag.lagroots(lag.lagfromroots(tgt))
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_lagtrim(self):
+        coef = [2, -1, 1, 0]
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, lag.lagtrim, coef, -1)
+
+        # Test results
+        assert_equal(lag.lagtrim(coef), coef[:-1])
+        assert_equal(lag.lagtrim(coef, 1), coef[:-3])
+        assert_equal(lag.lagtrim(coef, 2), [0])
+
+    def test_lagline(self):
+        assert_equal(lag.lagline(3, 4), [7, -4])
+
+    def test_lag2poly(self):
+        for i in range(7):
+            assert_almost_equal(lag.lag2poly([0]*i + [1]), Llist[i])
+
+    def test_poly2lag(self):
+        for i in range(7):
+            assert_almost_equal(lag.poly2lag(Llist[i]), [0]*i + [1])
+
+    def test_weight(self):
+        x = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
+        tgt = np.exp(-x)
+        res = lag.lagweight(x)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_legendre.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_legendre.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..92399c160ecb75fbb1f9a5a7f2bba0fe90d84a54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_legendre.py
@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+"""Tests for legendre module.
+
+"""
+from functools import reduce
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.polynomial.legendre as leg
+from numpy.polynomial.polynomial import polyval
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_almost_equal, assert_raises, assert_equal, assert_,
+    )
+
+L0 = np.array([1])
+L1 = np.array([0, 1])
+L2 = np.array([-1, 0, 3])/2
+L3 = np.array([0, -3, 0, 5])/2
+L4 = np.array([3, 0, -30, 0, 35])/8
+L5 = np.array([0, 15, 0, -70, 0, 63])/8
+L6 = np.array([-5, 0, 105, 0, -315, 0, 231])/16
+L7 = np.array([0, -35, 0, 315, 0, -693, 0, 429])/16
+L8 = np.array([35, 0, -1260, 0, 6930, 0, -12012, 0, 6435])/128
+L9 = np.array([0, 315, 0, -4620, 0, 18018, 0, -25740, 0, 12155])/128
+
+Llist = [L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9]
+
+
+def trim(x):
+    return leg.legtrim(x, tol=1e-6)
+
+
+class TestConstants:
+
+    def test_legdomain(self):
+        assert_equal(leg.legdomain, [-1, 1])
+
+    def test_legzero(self):
+        assert_equal(leg.legzero, [0])
+
+    def test_legone(self):
+        assert_equal(leg.legone, [1])
+
+    def test_legx(self):
+        assert_equal(leg.legx, [0, 1])
+
+
+class TestArithmetic:
+    x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 100)
+
+    def test_legadd(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] += 1
+                res = leg.legadd([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_legsub(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] -= 1
+                res = leg.legsub([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_legmulx(self):
+        assert_equal(leg.legmulx([0]), [0])
+        assert_equal(leg.legmulx([1]), [0, 1])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            tmp = 2*i + 1
+            ser = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [0]*(i - 1) + [i/tmp, 0, (i + 1)/tmp]
+            assert_equal(leg.legmulx(ser), tgt)
+
+    def test_legmul(self):
+        # check values of result
+        for i in range(5):
+            pol1 = [0]*i + [1]
+            val1 = leg.legval(self.x, pol1)
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                pol2 = [0]*j + [1]
+                val2 = leg.legval(self.x, pol2)
+                pol3 = leg.legmul(pol1, pol2)
+                val3 = leg.legval(self.x, pol3)
+                assert_(len(pol3) == i + j + 1, msg)
+                assert_almost_equal(val3, val1*val2, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_legdiv(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                ci = [0]*i + [1]
+                cj = [0]*j + [1]
+                tgt = leg.legadd(ci, cj)
+                quo, rem = leg.legdiv(tgt, ci)
+                res = leg.legadd(leg.legmul(quo, ci), rem)
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_legpow(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                c = np.arange(i + 1)
+                tgt = reduce(leg.legmul, [c]*j, np.array([1]))
+                res = leg.legpow(c, j) 
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+
+class TestEvaluation:
+    # coefficients of 1 + 2*x + 3*x**2
+    c1d = np.array([2., 2., 2.])
+    c2d = np.einsum('i,j->ij', c1d, c1d)
+    c3d = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', c1d, c1d, c1d)
+
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+    y = polyval(x, [1., 2., 3.])
+
+    def test_legval(self):
+        #check empty input
+        assert_equal(leg.legval([], [1]).size, 0)
+
+        #check normal input)
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = [polyval(x, c) for c in Llist]
+        for i in range(10):
+            msg = f"At i={i}"
+            tgt = y[i]
+            res = leg.legval(x, [0]*i + [1])
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+
+        #check that shape is preserved
+        for i in range(3):
+            dims = [2]*i
+            x = np.zeros(dims)
+            assert_equal(leg.legval(x, [1]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(leg.legval(x, [1, 0]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(leg.legval(x, [1, 0, 0]).shape, dims)
+
+    def test_legval2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legval2d, x1, x2[:2], self.c2d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2
+        res = leg.legval2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = leg.legval2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_legval3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legval3d, x1, x2, x3[:2], self.c3d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2*y3
+        res = leg.legval3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = leg.legval3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_leggrid2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j->ij', y1, y2)
+        res = leg.leggrid2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = leg.leggrid2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*2)
+
+    def test_leggrid3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', y1, y2, y3)
+        res = leg.leggrid3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = leg.leggrid3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*3)
+
+
+class TestIntegral:
+
+    def test_legint(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, leg.legint, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legint, [0], -1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legint, [0], 1, [0, 0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legint, [0], lbnd=[0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legint, [0], scl=[0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, leg.legint, [0], axis=.5)
+
+        # test integration of zero polynomial
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            k = [0]*(i - 2) + [1]
+            res = leg.legint([0], m=i, k=k)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, [0, 1])
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [1/scl]
+            legpol = leg.poly2leg(pol)
+            legint = leg.legint(legpol, m=1, k=[i])
+            res = leg.leg2poly(legint)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            legpol = leg.poly2leg(pol)
+            legint = leg.legint(legpol, m=1, k=[i], lbnd=-1)
+            assert_almost_equal(leg.legval(-1, legint), i)
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [2/scl]
+            legpol = leg.poly2leg(pol)
+            legint = leg.legint(legpol, m=1, k=[i], scl=2)
+            res = leg.leg2poly(legint)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with default k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = leg.legint(tgt, m=1)
+                res = leg.legint(pol, m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with defined k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = leg.legint(tgt, m=1, k=[k])
+                res = leg.legint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)))
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = leg.legint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], lbnd=-1)
+                res = leg.legint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), lbnd=-1)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = leg.legint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], scl=2)
+                res = leg.legint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), scl=2)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_legint_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([leg.legint(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = leg.legint(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([leg.legint(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = leg.legint(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([leg.legint(c, k=3) for c in c2d])
+        res = leg.legint(c2d, k=3, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_legint_zerointord(self):
+        assert_equal(leg.legint((1, 2, 3), 0), (1, 2, 3))
+
+
+class TestDerivative:
+
+    def test_legder(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, leg.legder, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legder, [0], -1)
+
+        # check that zeroth derivative does nothing
+        for i in range(5):
+            tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+            res = leg.legder(tgt, m=0)
+            assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check that derivation is the inverse of integration
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = leg.legder(leg.legint(tgt, m=j), m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check derivation with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = leg.legder(leg.legint(tgt, m=j, scl=2), m=j, scl=.5)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_legder_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([leg.legder(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = leg.legder(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([leg.legder(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = leg.legder(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_legder_orderhigherthancoeff(self):
+        c = (1, 2, 3, 4)
+        assert_equal(leg.legder(c, 4), [0])
+
+class TestVander:
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+
+    def test_legvander(self):
+        # check for 1d x
+        x = np.arange(3)
+        v = leg.legvander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], leg.legval(x, coef))
+
+        # check for 2d x
+        x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
+        v = leg.legvander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 2, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], leg.legval(x, coef))
+
+    def test_legvander2d(self):
+        # also tests polyval2d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3))
+        van = leg.legvander2d(x1, x2, [1, 2])
+        tgt = leg.legval2d(x1, x2, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = leg.legvander2d([x1], [x2], [1, 2])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 6))
+
+    def test_legvander3d(self):
+        # also tests polyval3d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3, 4))
+        van = leg.legvander3d(x1, x2, x3, [1, 2, 3])
+        tgt = leg.legval3d(x1, x2, x3, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = leg.legvander3d([x1], [x2], [x3], [1, 2, 3])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 24))
+
+    def test_legvander_negdeg(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legvander, (1, 2, 3), -1)
+
+
+class TestFitting:
+
+    def test_legfit(self):
+        def f(x):
+            return x*(x - 1)*(x - 2)
+
+        def f2(x):
+            return x**4 + x**2 + 1
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legfit, [1], [1], -1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, leg.legfit, [[1]], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, leg.legfit, [], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, leg.legfit, [1], [[[1]]], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, leg.legfit, [1, 2], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, leg.legfit, [1], [1, 2], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, leg.legfit, [1], [1], 0, w=[[1]])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, leg.legfit, [1], [1], 0, w=[1, 1])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legfit, [1], [1], [-1,])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legfit, [1], [1], [2, -1, 6])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, leg.legfit, [1], [1], [])
+
+        # Test fit
+        x = np.linspace(0, 2)
+        y = f(x)
+        #
+        coef3 = leg.legfit(x, y, 3)
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(leg.legval(x, coef3), y)
+        coef3 = leg.legfit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(leg.legval(x, coef3), y)
+        #
+        coef4 = leg.legfit(x, y, 4)
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(leg.legval(x, coef4), y)
+        coef4 = leg.legfit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(leg.legval(x, coef4), y)
+        # check things still work if deg is not in strict increasing
+        coef4 = leg.legfit(x, y, [2, 3, 4, 1, 0])
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(leg.legval(x, coef4), y)
+        #
+        coef2d = leg.legfit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, 3)
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        coef2d = leg.legfit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test weighting
+        w = np.zeros_like(x)
+        yw = y.copy()
+        w[1::2] = 1
+        y[0::2] = 0
+        wcoef3 = leg.legfit(x, yw, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        wcoef3 = leg.legfit(x, yw, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        #
+        wcoef2d = leg.legfit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        wcoef2d = leg.legfit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test scaling with complex values x points whose square
+        # is zero when summed.
+        x = [1, 1j, -1, -1j]
+        assert_almost_equal(leg.legfit(x, x, 1), [0, 1])
+        assert_almost_equal(leg.legfit(x, x, [0, 1]), [0, 1])
+        # test fitting only even Legendre polynomials
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = f2(x)
+        coef1 = leg.legfit(x, y, 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(leg.legval(x, coef1), y)
+        coef2 = leg.legfit(x, y, [0, 2, 4])
+        assert_almost_equal(leg.legval(x, coef2), y)
+        assert_almost_equal(coef1, coef2)
+
+
+class TestCompanion:
+
+    def test_raises(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legcompanion, [])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legcompanion, [1])
+
+    def test_dimensions(self):
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_(leg.legcompanion(coef).shape == (i, i))
+
+    def test_linear_root(self):
+        assert_(leg.legcompanion([1, 2])[0, 0] == -.5)
+
+
+class TestGauss:
+
+    def test_100(self):
+        x, w = leg.leggauss(100)
+
+        # test orthogonality. Note that the results need to be normalized,
+        # otherwise the huge values that can arise from fast growing
+        # functions like Laguerre can be very confusing.
+        v = leg.legvander(x, 99)
+        vv = np.dot(v.T * w, v)
+        vd = 1/np.sqrt(vv.diagonal())
+        vv = vd[:, None] * vv * vd
+        assert_almost_equal(vv, np.eye(100))
+
+        # check that the integral of 1 is correct
+        tgt = 2.0
+        assert_almost_equal(w.sum(), tgt)
+
+
+class TestMisc:
+
+    def test_legfromroots(self):
+        res = leg.legfromroots([])
+        assert_almost_equal(trim(res), [1])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            roots = np.cos(np.linspace(-np.pi, 0, 2*i + 1)[1::2])
+            pol = leg.legfromroots(roots)
+            res = leg.legval(roots, pol)
+            tgt = 0
+            assert_(len(pol) == i + 1)
+            assert_almost_equal(leg.leg2poly(pol)[-1], 1)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_legroots(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(leg.legroots([1]), [])
+        assert_almost_equal(leg.legroots([1, 2]), [-.5])
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            tgt = np.linspace(-1, 1, i)
+            res = leg.legroots(leg.legfromroots(tgt))
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_legtrim(self):
+        coef = [2, -1, 1, 0]
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, leg.legtrim, coef, -1)
+
+        # Test results
+        assert_equal(leg.legtrim(coef), coef[:-1])
+        assert_equal(leg.legtrim(coef, 1), coef[:-3])
+        assert_equal(leg.legtrim(coef, 2), [0])
+
+    def test_legline(self):
+        assert_equal(leg.legline(3, 4), [3, 4])
+
+    def test_legline_zeroscl(self):
+        assert_equal(leg.legline(3, 0), [3])
+
+    def test_leg2poly(self):
+        for i in range(10):
+            assert_almost_equal(leg.leg2poly([0]*i + [1]), Llist[i])
+
+    def test_poly2leg(self):
+        for i in range(10):
+            assert_almost_equal(leg.poly2leg(Llist[i]), [0]*i + [1])
+
+    def test_weight(self):
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 11)
+        tgt = 1.
+        res = leg.legweight(x)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_polynomial.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_polynomial.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b3ef2388f630f0233c79f31a9a1f4039f4e4f4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_polynomial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,611 @@
+"""Tests for polynomial module.
+
+"""
+from functools import reduce
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.polynomial.polynomial as poly
+import pickle
+from copy import deepcopy
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_almost_equal, assert_raises, assert_equal, assert_,
+    assert_warns, assert_array_equal, assert_raises_regex)
+
+
+def trim(x):
+    return poly.polytrim(x, tol=1e-6)
+
+T0 = [1]
+T1 = [0, 1]
+T2 = [-1, 0, 2]
+T3 = [0, -3, 0, 4]
+T4 = [1, 0, -8, 0, 8]
+T5 = [0, 5, 0, -20, 0, 16]
+T6 = [-1, 0, 18, 0, -48, 0, 32]
+T7 = [0, -7, 0, 56, 0, -112, 0, 64]
+T8 = [1, 0, -32, 0, 160, 0, -256, 0, 128]
+T9 = [0, 9, 0, -120, 0, 432, 0, -576, 0, 256]
+
+Tlist = [T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9]
+
+
+class TestConstants:
+
+    def test_polydomain(self):
+        assert_equal(poly.polydomain, [-1, 1])
+
+    def test_polyzero(self):
+        assert_equal(poly.polyzero, [0])
+
+    def test_polyone(self):
+        assert_equal(poly.polyone, [1])
+
+    def test_polyx(self):
+        assert_equal(poly.polyx, [0, 1])
+
+    def test_copy(self):
+        x = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3])
+        y = deepcopy(x)
+        assert_equal(x, y)
+
+    def test_pickle(self):
+        x = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3])
+        y = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(x))
+        assert_equal(x, y)
+
+class TestArithmetic:
+
+    def test_polyadd(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] += 1
+                res = poly.polyadd([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_polysub(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(max(i, j) + 1)
+                tgt[i] += 1
+                tgt[j] -= 1
+                res = poly.polysub([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_polymulx(self):
+        assert_equal(poly.polymulx([0]), [0])
+        assert_equal(poly.polymulx([1]), [0, 1])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            ser = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [0]*(i + 1) + [1]
+            assert_equal(poly.polymulx(ser), tgt)
+
+    def test_polymul(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                tgt = np.zeros(i + j + 1)
+                tgt[i + j] += 1
+                res = poly.polymul([0]*i + [1], [0]*j + [1])
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_polydiv(self):
+        # check zero division
+        assert_raises(ZeroDivisionError, poly.polydiv, [1], [0])
+
+        # check scalar division
+        quo, rem = poly.polydiv([2], [2])
+        assert_equal((quo, rem), (1, 0))
+        quo, rem = poly.polydiv([2, 2], [2])
+        assert_equal((quo, rem), ((1, 1), 0))
+
+        # check rest.
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                ci = [0]*i + [1, 2]
+                cj = [0]*j + [1, 2]
+                tgt = poly.polyadd(ci, cj)
+                quo, rem = poly.polydiv(tgt, ci)
+                res = poly.polyadd(poly.polymul(quo, ci), rem)
+                assert_equal(res, tgt, err_msg=msg)
+
+    def test_polypow(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(5):
+                msg = f"At i={i}, j={j}"
+                c = np.arange(i + 1)
+                tgt = reduce(poly.polymul, [c]*j, np.array([1]))
+                res = poly.polypow(c, j) 
+                assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt), err_msg=msg)
+
+
+class TestEvaluation:
+    # coefficients of 1 + 2*x + 3*x**2
+    c1d = np.array([1., 2., 3.])
+    c2d = np.einsum('i,j->ij', c1d, c1d)
+    c3d = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', c1d, c1d, c1d)
+
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+    y = poly.polyval(x, [1., 2., 3.])
+
+    def test_polyval(self):
+        #check empty input
+        assert_equal(poly.polyval([], [1]).size, 0)
+
+        #check normal input)
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = [x**i for i in range(5)]
+        for i in range(5):
+            tgt = y[i]
+            res = poly.polyval(x, [0]*i + [1])
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+        tgt = x*(x**2 - 1)
+        res = poly.polyval(x, [0, -1, 0, 1])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #check that shape is preserved
+        for i in range(3):
+            dims = [2]*i
+            x = np.zeros(dims)
+            assert_equal(poly.polyval(x, [1]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(poly.polyval(x, [1, 0]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(poly.polyval(x, [1, 0, 0]).shape, dims)
+
+        #check masked arrays are processed correctly
+        mask = [False, True, False]
+        mx = np.ma.array([1, 2, 3], mask=mask)
+        res = np.polyval([7, 5, 3], mx)
+        assert_array_equal(res.mask, mask)
+
+        #check subtypes of ndarray are preserved
+        class C(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        cx = np.array([1, 2, 3]).view(C)
+        assert_equal(type(np.polyval([2, 3, 4], cx)), C)
+
+    def test_polyvalfromroots(self):
+        # check exception for broadcasting x values over root array with
+        # too few dimensions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polyvalfromroots,
+                      [1], [1], tensor=False)
+
+        # check empty input
+        assert_equal(poly.polyvalfromroots([], [1]).size, 0)
+        assert_(poly.polyvalfromroots([], [1]).shape == (0,))
+
+        # check empty input + multidimensional roots
+        assert_equal(poly.polyvalfromroots([], [[1] * 5]).size, 0)
+        assert_(poly.polyvalfromroots([], [[1] * 5]).shape == (5, 0))
+
+        # check scalar input
+        assert_equal(poly.polyvalfromroots(1, 1), 0)
+        assert_(poly.polyvalfromroots(1, np.ones((3, 3))).shape == (3,))
+
+        # check normal input)
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = [x**i for i in range(5)]
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            tgt = y[i]
+            res = poly.polyvalfromroots(x, [0]*i)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+        tgt = x*(x - 1)*(x + 1)
+        res = poly.polyvalfromroots(x, [-1, 0, 1])
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check that shape is preserved
+        for i in range(3):
+            dims = [2]*i
+            x = np.zeros(dims)
+            assert_equal(poly.polyvalfromroots(x, [1]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(poly.polyvalfromroots(x, [1, 0]).shape, dims)
+            assert_equal(poly.polyvalfromroots(x, [1, 0, 0]).shape, dims)
+
+        # check compatibility with factorization
+        ptest = [15, 2, -16, -2, 1]
+        r = poly.polyroots(ptest)
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        assert_almost_equal(poly.polyval(x, ptest),
+                            poly.polyvalfromroots(x, r))
+
+        # check multidimensional arrays of roots and values
+        # check tensor=False
+        rshape = (3, 5)
+        x = np.arange(-3, 2)
+        r = np.random.randint(-5, 5, size=rshape)
+        res = poly.polyvalfromroots(x, r, tensor=False)
+        tgt = np.empty(r.shape[1:])
+        for ii in range(tgt.size):
+            tgt[ii] = poly.polyvalfromroots(x[ii], r[:, ii])
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check tensor=True
+        x = np.vstack([x, 2*x])
+        res = poly.polyvalfromroots(x, r, tensor=True)
+        tgt = np.empty(r.shape[1:] + x.shape)
+        for ii in range(r.shape[1]):
+            for jj in range(x.shape[0]):
+                tgt[ii, jj, :] = poly.polyvalfromroots(x[jj], r[:, ii])
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_polyval2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'incompatible',
+                            poly.polyval2d, x1, x2[:2], self.c2d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2
+        res = poly.polyval2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = poly.polyval2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_polyval3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test exceptions
+        assert_raises_regex(ValueError, 'incompatible',
+                      poly.polyval3d, x1, x2, x3[:2], self.c3d)
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = y1*y2*y3
+        res = poly.polyval3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = poly.polyval3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3))
+
+    def test_polygrid2d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j->ij', y1, y2)
+        res = poly.polygrid2d(x1, x2, self.c2d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = poly.polygrid2d(z, z, self.c2d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*2)
+
+    def test_polygrid3d(self):
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        y1, y2, y3 = self.y
+
+        #test values
+        tgt = np.einsum('i,j,k->ijk', y1, y2, y3)
+        res = poly.polygrid3d(x1, x2, x3, self.c3d)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        #test shape
+        z = np.ones((2, 3))
+        res = poly.polygrid3d(z, z, z, self.c3d)
+        assert_(res.shape == (2, 3)*3)
+
+
+class TestIntegral:
+
+    def test_polyint(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, poly.polyint, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polyint, [0], -1)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polyint, [0], 1, [0, 0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polyint, [0], lbnd=[0])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polyint, [0], scl=[0])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, poly.polyint, [0], axis=.5)
+        with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            poly.polyint([1, 1], 1.)
+
+        # test integration of zero polynomial
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            k = [0]*(i - 2) + [1]
+            res = poly.polyint([0], m=i, k=k)
+            assert_almost_equal(res, [0, 1])
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [1/scl]
+            res = poly.polyint(pol, m=1, k=[i])
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            res = poly.polyint(pol, m=1, k=[i], lbnd=-1)
+            assert_almost_equal(poly.polyval(-1, res), i)
+
+        # check single integration with integration constant and scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            scl = i + 1
+            pol = [0]*i + [1]
+            tgt = [i] + [0]*i + [2/scl]
+            res = poly.polyint(pol, m=1, k=[i], scl=2)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with default k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = poly.polyint(tgt, m=1)
+                res = poly.polyint(pol, m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with defined k
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = poly.polyint(tgt, m=1, k=[k])
+                res = poly.polyint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)))
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with lbnd
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = poly.polyint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], lbnd=-1)
+                res = poly.polyint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), lbnd=-1)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check multiple integrations with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                pol = [0]*i + [1]
+                tgt = pol[:]
+                for k in range(j):
+                    tgt = poly.polyint(tgt, m=1, k=[k], scl=2)
+                res = poly.polyint(pol, m=j, k=list(range(j)), scl=2)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_polyint_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([poly.polyint(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = poly.polyint(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([poly.polyint(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = poly.polyint(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([poly.polyint(c, k=3) for c in c2d])
+        res = poly.polyint(c2d, k=3, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestDerivative:
+
+    def test_polyder(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(TypeError, poly.polyder, [0], .5)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polyder, [0], -1)
+
+        # check that zeroth derivative does nothing
+        for i in range(5):
+            tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+            res = poly.polyder(tgt, m=0)
+            assert_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check that derivation is the inverse of integration
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = poly.polyder(poly.polyint(tgt, m=j), m=j)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+        # check derivation with scaling
+        for i in range(5):
+            for j in range(2, 5):
+                tgt = [0]*i + [1]
+                res = poly.polyder(poly.polyint(tgt, m=j, scl=2), m=j, scl=.5)
+                assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_polyder_axis(self):
+        # check that axis keyword works
+        c2d = np.random.random((3, 4))
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([poly.polyder(c) for c in c2d.T]).T
+        res = poly.polyder(c2d, axis=0)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        tgt = np.vstack([poly.polyder(c) for c in c2d])
+        res = poly.polyder(c2d, axis=1)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestVander:
+    # some random values in [-1, 1)
+    x = np.random.random((3, 5))*2 - 1
+
+    def test_polyvander(self):
+        # check for 1d x
+        x = np.arange(3)
+        v = poly.polyvander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], poly.polyval(x, coef))
+
+        # check for 2d x
+        x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
+        v = poly.polyvander(x, 3)
+        assert_(v.shape == (3, 2, 4))
+        for i in range(4):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_almost_equal(v[..., i], poly.polyval(x, coef))
+
+    def test_polyvander2d(self):
+        # also tests polyval2d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3))
+        van = poly.polyvander2d(x1, x2, [1, 2])
+        tgt = poly.polyval2d(x1, x2, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = poly.polyvander2d([x1], [x2], [1, 2])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 6))
+
+    def test_polyvander3d(self):
+        # also tests polyval3d for non-square coefficient array
+        x1, x2, x3 = self.x
+        c = np.random.random((2, 3, 4))
+        van = poly.polyvander3d(x1, x2, x3, [1, 2, 3])
+        tgt = poly.polyval3d(x1, x2, x3, c)
+        res = np.dot(van, c.flat)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # check shape
+        van = poly.polyvander3d([x1], [x2], [x3], [1, 2, 3])
+        assert_(van.shape == (1, 5, 24))
+
+    def test_polyvandernegdeg(self):
+        x = np.arange(3)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polyvander, x, -1)
+
+
+class TestCompanion:
+
+    def test_raises(self):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polycompanion, [])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polycompanion, [1])
+
+    def test_dimensions(self):
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            coef = [0]*i + [1]
+            assert_(poly.polycompanion(coef).shape == (i, i))
+
+    def test_linear_root(self):
+        assert_(poly.polycompanion([1, 2])[0, 0] == -.5)
+
+
+class TestMisc:
+
+    def test_polyfromroots(self):
+        res = poly.polyfromroots([])
+        assert_almost_equal(trim(res), [1])
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            roots = np.cos(np.linspace(-np.pi, 0, 2*i + 1)[1::2])
+            tgt = Tlist[i]
+            res = poly.polyfromroots(roots)*2**(i-1)
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_polyroots(self):
+        assert_almost_equal(poly.polyroots([1]), [])
+        assert_almost_equal(poly.polyroots([1, 2]), [-.5])
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            tgt = np.linspace(-1, 1, i)
+            res = poly.polyroots(poly.polyfromroots(tgt))
+            assert_almost_equal(trim(res), trim(tgt))
+
+    def test_polyfit(self):
+        def f(x):
+            return x*(x - 1)*(x - 2)
+
+        def f2(x):
+            return x**4 + x**2 + 1
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polyfit, [1], [1], -1)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, poly.polyfit, [[1]], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, poly.polyfit, [], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, poly.polyfit, [1], [[[1]]], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, poly.polyfit, [1, 2], [1], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, poly.polyfit, [1], [1, 2], 0)
+        assert_raises(TypeError, poly.polyfit, [1], [1], 0, w=[[1]])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, poly.polyfit, [1], [1], 0, w=[1, 1])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polyfit, [1], [1], [-1,])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polyfit, [1], [1], [2, -1, 6])
+        assert_raises(TypeError, poly.polyfit, [1], [1], [])
+
+        # Test fit
+        x = np.linspace(0, 2)
+        y = f(x)
+        #
+        coef3 = poly.polyfit(x, y, 3)
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(poly.polyval(x, coef3), y)
+        coef3 = poly.polyfit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(len(coef3), 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(poly.polyval(x, coef3), y)
+        #
+        coef4 = poly.polyfit(x, y, 4)
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(poly.polyval(x, coef4), y)
+        coef4 = poly.polyfit(x, y, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+        assert_equal(len(coef4), 5)
+        assert_almost_equal(poly.polyval(x, coef4), y)
+        #
+        coef2d = poly.polyfit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, 3)
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        coef2d = poly.polyfit(x, np.array([y, y]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        assert_almost_equal(coef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test weighting
+        w = np.zeros_like(x)
+        yw = y.copy()
+        w[1::2] = 1
+        yw[0::2] = 0
+        wcoef3 = poly.polyfit(x, yw, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        wcoef3 = poly.polyfit(x, yw, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef3, coef3)
+        #
+        wcoef2d = poly.polyfit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, 3, w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        wcoef2d = poly.polyfit(x, np.array([yw, yw]).T, [0, 1, 2, 3], w=w)
+        assert_almost_equal(wcoef2d, np.array([coef3, coef3]).T)
+        # test scaling with complex values x points whose square
+        # is zero when summed.
+        x = [1, 1j, -1, -1j]
+        assert_almost_equal(poly.polyfit(x, x, 1), [0, 1])
+        assert_almost_equal(poly.polyfit(x, x, [0, 1]), [0, 1])
+        # test fitting only even Polyendre polynomials
+        x = np.linspace(-1, 1)
+        y = f2(x)
+        coef1 = poly.polyfit(x, y, 4)
+        assert_almost_equal(poly.polyval(x, coef1), y)
+        coef2 = poly.polyfit(x, y, [0, 2, 4])
+        assert_almost_equal(poly.polyval(x, coef2), y)
+        assert_almost_equal(coef1, coef2)
+
+    def test_polytrim(self):
+        coef = [2, -1, 1, 0]
+
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, poly.polytrim, coef, -1)
+
+        # Test results
+        assert_equal(poly.polytrim(coef), coef[:-1])
+        assert_equal(poly.polytrim(coef, 1), coef[:-3])
+        assert_equal(poly.polytrim(coef, 2), [0])
+
+    def test_polyline(self):
+        assert_equal(poly.polyline(3, 4), [3, 4])
+
+    def test_polyline_zero(self):
+        assert_equal(poly.polyline(3, 0), [3])
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_polyutils.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_polyutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc630790da1ce8fd1ca413cd530ae5636cce5aa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_polyutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+"""Tests for polyutils module.
+
+"""
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.polynomial.polyutils as pu
+from numpy.testing import (
+    assert_almost_equal, assert_raises, assert_equal, assert_,
+    )
+
+
+class TestMisc:
+
+    def test_trimseq(self):
+        for i in range(5):
+            tgt = [1]
+            res = pu.trimseq([1] + [0]*5)
+            assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_as_series(self):
+        # check exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, pu.as_series, [[]])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, pu.as_series, [[[1, 2]]])
+        assert_raises(ValueError, pu.as_series, [[1], ['a']])
+        # check common types
+        types = ['i', 'd', 'O']
+        for i in range(len(types)):
+            for j in range(i):
+                ci = np.ones(1, types[i])
+                cj = np.ones(1, types[j])
+                [resi, resj] = pu.as_series([ci, cj])
+                assert_(resi.dtype.char == resj.dtype.char)
+                assert_(resj.dtype.char == types[i])
+
+    def test_trimcoef(self):
+        coef = [2, -1, 1, 0]
+        # Test exceptions
+        assert_raises(ValueError, pu.trimcoef, coef, -1)
+        # Test results
+        assert_equal(pu.trimcoef(coef), coef[:-1])
+        assert_equal(pu.trimcoef(coef, 1), coef[:-3])
+        assert_equal(pu.trimcoef(coef, 2), [0])
+
+    def test_vander_nd_exception(self):
+        # n_dims != len(points)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, pu._vander_nd, (), (1, 2, 3), [90])
+        # n_dims != len(degrees)
+        assert_raises(ValueError, pu._vander_nd, (), (), [90.65])
+        # n_dims == 0
+        assert_raises(ValueError, pu._vander_nd, (), (), [])
+
+    def test_div_zerodiv(self):
+        # c2[-1] == 0
+        assert_raises(ZeroDivisionError, pu._div, pu._div, (1, 2, 3), [0])
+
+    def test_pow_too_large(self):
+        # power > maxpower
+        assert_raises(ValueError, pu._pow, (), [1, 2, 3], 5, 4)
+
+class TestDomain:
+
+    def test_getdomain(self):
+        # test for real values
+        x = [1, 10, 3, -1]
+        tgt = [-1, 10]
+        res = pu.getdomain(x)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # test for complex values
+        x = [1 + 1j, 1 - 1j, 0, 2]
+        tgt = [-1j, 2 + 1j]
+        res = pu.getdomain(x)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_mapdomain(self):
+        # test for real values
+        dom1 = [0, 4]
+        dom2 = [1, 3]
+        tgt = dom2
+        res = pu.mapdomain(dom1, dom1, dom2)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # test for complex values
+        dom1 = [0 - 1j, 2 + 1j]
+        dom2 = [-2, 2]
+        tgt = dom2
+        x = dom1
+        res = pu.mapdomain(x, dom1, dom2)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # test for multidimensional arrays
+        dom1 = [0, 4]
+        dom2 = [1, 3]
+        tgt = np.array([dom2, dom2])
+        x = np.array([dom1, dom1])
+        res = pu.mapdomain(x, dom1, dom2)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # test that subtypes are preserved.
+        class MyNDArray(np.ndarray):
+            pass
+
+        dom1 = [0, 4]
+        dom2 = [1, 3]
+        x = np.array([dom1, dom1]).view(MyNDArray)
+        res = pu.mapdomain(x, dom1, dom2)
+        assert_(isinstance(res, MyNDArray))
+
+    def test_mapparms(self):
+        # test for real values
+        dom1 = [0, 4]
+        dom2 = [1, 3]
+        tgt = [1, .5]
+        res = pu. mapparms(dom1, dom2)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
+
+        # test for complex values
+        dom1 = [0 - 1j, 2 + 1j]
+        dom2 = [-2, 2]
+        tgt = [-1 + 1j, 1 - 1j]
+        res = pu.mapparms(dom1, dom2)
+        assert_almost_equal(res, tgt)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_printing.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_printing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f2a5092d7225c797b60fd8f2602f2f9276cdd74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_printing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+from math import nan, inf
+import pytest
+from numpy.core import array, arange, printoptions
+import numpy.polynomial as poly
+from numpy.testing import assert_equal, assert_
+
+# For testing polynomial printing with object arrays
+from fractions import Fraction
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+
+class TestStrUnicodeSuperSubscripts:
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope='class', autouse=True)
+    def use_unicode(self):
+        poly.set_default_printstyle('unicode')
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0·x + 3.0·x²"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0·x + 3.0·x² - 1.0·x³"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0·x + 2.0·x² + 3.0·x³ + 4.0·x⁴ + 5.0·x⁵ + "
+                      "6.0·x⁶ + 7.0·x⁷ +\n8.0·x⁸ + 9.0·x⁹ + 10.0·x¹⁰ + "
+                      "11.0·x¹¹")),
+    ))
+    def test_polynomial_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.Polynomial(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0·T₁(x) + 3.0·T₂(x)"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0·T₁(x) + 3.0·T₂(x) - 1.0·T₃(x)"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0·T₁(x) + 2.0·T₂(x) + 3.0·T₃(x) + 4.0·T₄(x) + "
+                      "5.0·T₅(x) +\n6.0·T₆(x) + 7.0·T₇(x) + 8.0·T₈(x) + "
+                      "9.0·T₉(x) + 10.0·T₁₀(x) + 11.0·T₁₁(x)")),
+    ))
+    def test_chebyshev_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.Chebyshev(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0·P₁(x) + 3.0·P₂(x)"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0·P₁(x) + 3.0·P₂(x) - 1.0·P₃(x)"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0·P₁(x) + 2.0·P₂(x) + 3.0·P₃(x) + 4.0·P₄(x) + "
+                      "5.0·P₅(x) +\n6.0·P₆(x) + 7.0·P₇(x) + 8.0·P₈(x) + "
+                      "9.0·P₉(x) + 10.0·P₁₀(x) + 11.0·P₁₁(x)")),
+    ))
+    def test_legendre_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.Legendre(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0·H₁(x) + 3.0·H₂(x)"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0·H₁(x) + 3.0·H₂(x) - 1.0·H₃(x)"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0·H₁(x) + 2.0·H₂(x) + 3.0·H₃(x) + 4.0·H₄(x) + "
+                      "5.0·H₅(x) +\n6.0·H₆(x) + 7.0·H₇(x) + 8.0·H₈(x) + "
+                      "9.0·H₉(x) + 10.0·H₁₀(x) + 11.0·H₁₁(x)")),
+    ))
+    def test_hermite_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.Hermite(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0·He₁(x) + 3.0·He₂(x)"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0·He₁(x) + 3.0·He₂(x) - 1.0·He₃(x)"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0·He₁(x) + 2.0·He₂(x) + 3.0·He₃(x) + "
+                      "4.0·He₄(x) + 5.0·He₅(x) +\n6.0·He₆(x) + 7.0·He₇(x) + "
+                      "8.0·He₈(x) + 9.0·He₉(x) + 10.0·He₁₀(x) +\n"
+                      "11.0·He₁₁(x)")),
+    ))
+    def test_hermiteE_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.HermiteE(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0·L₁(x) + 3.0·L₂(x)"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0·L₁(x) + 3.0·L₂(x) - 1.0·L₃(x)"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0·L₁(x) + 2.0·L₂(x) + 3.0·L₃(x) + 4.0·L₄(x) + "
+                      "5.0·L₅(x) +\n6.0·L₆(x) + 7.0·L₇(x) + 8.0·L₈(x) + "
+                      "9.0·L₉(x) + 10.0·L₁₀(x) + 11.0·L₁₁(x)")),
+    ))
+    def test_laguerre_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.Laguerre(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestStrAscii:
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope='class', autouse=True)
+    def use_ascii(self):
+        poly.set_default_printstyle('ascii')
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0 x + 3.0 x**2"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0 x + 3.0 x**2 - 1.0 x**3"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0 x + 2.0 x**2 + 3.0 x**3 + 4.0 x**4 + "
+                      "5.0 x**5 + 6.0 x**6 +\n7.0 x**7 + 8.0 x**8 + "
+                      "9.0 x**9 + 10.0 x**10 + 11.0 x**11")),
+    ))
+    def test_polynomial_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.Polynomial(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0 T_1(x) + 3.0 T_2(x)"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0 T_1(x) + 3.0 T_2(x) - 1.0 T_3(x)"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0 T_1(x) + 2.0 T_2(x) + 3.0 T_3(x) + "
+                      "4.0 T_4(x) + 5.0 T_5(x) +\n6.0 T_6(x) + 7.0 T_7(x) + "
+                      "8.0 T_8(x) + 9.0 T_9(x) + 10.0 T_10(x) +\n"
+                      "11.0 T_11(x)")),
+    ))
+    def test_chebyshev_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.Chebyshev(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0 P_1(x) + 3.0 P_2(x)"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0 P_1(x) + 3.0 P_2(x) - 1.0 P_3(x)"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0 P_1(x) + 2.0 P_2(x) + 3.0 P_3(x) + "
+                      "4.0 P_4(x) + 5.0 P_5(x) +\n6.0 P_6(x) + 7.0 P_7(x) + "
+                      "8.0 P_8(x) + 9.0 P_9(x) + 10.0 P_10(x) +\n"
+                      "11.0 P_11(x)")),
+    ))
+    def test_legendre_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.Legendre(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0 H_1(x) + 3.0 H_2(x)"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0 H_1(x) + 3.0 H_2(x) - 1.0 H_3(x)"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0 H_1(x) + 2.0 H_2(x) + 3.0 H_3(x) + "
+                      "4.0 H_4(x) + 5.0 H_5(x) +\n6.0 H_6(x) + 7.0 H_7(x) + "
+                      "8.0 H_8(x) + 9.0 H_9(x) + 10.0 H_10(x) +\n"
+                      "11.0 H_11(x)")),
+    ))
+    def test_hermite_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.Hermite(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0 He_1(x) + 3.0 He_2(x)"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0 He_1(x) + 3.0 He_2(x) - 1.0 He_3(x)"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0 He_1(x) + 2.0 He_2(x) + 3.0 He_3(x) + "
+                      "4.0 He_4(x) +\n5.0 He_5(x) + 6.0 He_6(x) + "
+                      "7.0 He_7(x) + 8.0 He_8(x) + 9.0 He_9(x) +\n"
+                      "10.0 He_10(x) + 11.0 He_11(x)")),
+    ))
+    def test_hermiteE_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.HermiteE(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('inp', 'tgt'), (
+        ([1, 2, 3], "1.0 + 2.0 L_1(x) + 3.0 L_2(x)"),
+        ([-1, 0, 3, -1], "-1.0 + 0.0 L_1(x) + 3.0 L_2(x) - 1.0 L_3(x)"),
+        (arange(12), ("0.0 + 1.0 L_1(x) + 2.0 L_2(x) + 3.0 L_3(x) + "
+                      "4.0 L_4(x) + 5.0 L_5(x) +\n6.0 L_6(x) + 7.0 L_7(x) + "
+                      "8.0 L_8(x) + 9.0 L_9(x) + 10.0 L_10(x) +\n"
+                      "11.0 L_11(x)")),
+    ))
+    def test_laguerre_str(self, inp, tgt):
+        res = str(poly.Laguerre(inp))
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestLinebreaking:
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope='class', autouse=True)
+    def use_ascii(self):
+        poly.set_default_printstyle('ascii')
+
+    def test_single_line_one_less(self):
+        # With 'ascii' style, len(str(p)) is default linewidth - 1 (i.e. 74)
+        p = poly.Polynomial([12345678, 12345678, 12345678, 12345678, 123])
+        assert_equal(len(str(p)), 74)
+        assert_equal(str(p), (
+            '12345678.0 + 12345678.0 x + 12345678.0 x**2 + '
+            '12345678.0 x**3 + 123.0 x**4'
+        ))
+
+    def test_num_chars_is_linewidth(self):
+        # len(str(p)) == default linewidth == 75
+        p = poly.Polynomial([12345678, 12345678, 12345678, 12345678, 1234])
+        assert_equal(len(str(p)), 75)
+        assert_equal(str(p), (
+            '12345678.0 + 12345678.0 x + 12345678.0 x**2 + '
+            '12345678.0 x**3 +\n1234.0 x**4'
+        ))
+
+    def test_first_linebreak_multiline_one_less_than_linewidth(self):
+        # Multiline str where len(first_line) + len(next_term) == lw - 1 == 74
+        p = poly.Polynomial(
+                [12345678, 12345678, 12345678, 12345678, 1, 12345678]
+            )
+        assert_equal(len(str(p).split('\n')[0]), 74)
+        assert_equal(str(p), (
+            '12345678.0 + 12345678.0 x + 12345678.0 x**2 + '
+            '12345678.0 x**3 + 1.0 x**4 +\n12345678.0 x**5'
+        ))
+
+    def test_first_linebreak_multiline_on_linewidth(self):
+        # First line is one character longer than previous test
+        p = poly.Polynomial(
+                [12345678, 12345678, 12345678, 12345678.12, 1, 12345678]
+            )
+        assert_equal(str(p), (
+            '12345678.0 + 12345678.0 x + 12345678.0 x**2 + '
+            '12345678.12 x**3 +\n1.0 x**4 + 12345678.0 x**5'
+        ))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('lw', 'tgt'), (
+        (75, ('0.0 + 10.0 x + 200.0 x**2 + 3000.0 x**3 + 40000.0 x**4 + '
+              '500000.0 x**5 +\n600000.0 x**6 + 70000.0 x**7 + 8000.0 x**8 + '
+              '900.0 x**9')),
+        (45, ('0.0 + 10.0 x + 200.0 x**2 + 3000.0 x**3 +\n40000.0 x**4 + '
+              '500000.0 x**5 +\n600000.0 x**6 + 70000.0 x**7 + 8000.0 x**8 +\n'
+              '900.0 x**9')),
+        (132, ('0.0 + 10.0 x + 200.0 x**2 + 3000.0 x**3 + 40000.0 x**4 + '
+               '500000.0 x**5 + 600000.0 x**6 + 70000.0 x**7 + 8000.0 x**8 + '
+               '900.0 x**9')),
+    ))
+    def test_linewidth_printoption(self, lw, tgt):
+        p = poly.Polynomial(
+            [0, 10, 200, 3000, 40000, 500000, 600000, 70000, 8000, 900]
+        )
+        with printoptions(linewidth=lw):
+            assert_equal(str(p), tgt)
+            for line in str(p).split('\n'):
+                assert_(len(line) < lw)
+
+
+def test_set_default_printoptions():
+    p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3])
+    c = poly.Chebyshev([1, 2, 3])
+    poly.set_default_printstyle('ascii')
+    assert_equal(str(p), "1.0 + 2.0 x + 3.0 x**2")
+    assert_equal(str(c), "1.0 + 2.0 T_1(x) + 3.0 T_2(x)")
+    poly.set_default_printstyle('unicode')
+    assert_equal(str(p), "1.0 + 2.0·x + 3.0·x²")
+    assert_equal(str(c), "1.0 + 2.0·T₁(x) + 3.0·T₂(x)")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        poly.set_default_printstyle('invalid_input')
+
+
+def test_complex_coefficients():
+    """Test both numpy and built-in complex."""
+    coefs = [0+1j, 1+1j, -2+2j, 3+0j]
+    # numpy complex
+    p1 = poly.Polynomial(coefs)
+    # Python complex
+    p2 = poly.Polynomial(array(coefs, dtype=object))
+    poly.set_default_printstyle('unicode')
+    assert_equal(str(p1), "1j + (1+1j)·x - (2-2j)·x² + (3+0j)·x³")
+    assert_equal(str(p2), "1j + (1+1j)·x + (-2+2j)·x² + (3+0j)·x³")
+    poly.set_default_printstyle('ascii')
+    assert_equal(str(p1), "1j + (1+1j) x - (2-2j) x**2 + (3+0j) x**3")
+    assert_equal(str(p2), "1j + (1+1j) x + (-2+2j) x**2 + (3+0j) x**3")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('coefs', 'tgt'), (
+    (array([Fraction(1, 2), Fraction(3, 4)], dtype=object), (
+        "1/2 + 3/4·x"
+    )),
+    (array([1, 2, Fraction(5, 7)], dtype=object), (
+        "1 + 2·x + 5/7·x²"
+    )),
+    (array([Decimal('1.00'), Decimal('2.2'), 3], dtype=object), (
+        "1.00 + 2.2·x + 3·x²"
+    )),
+))
+def test_numeric_object_coefficients(coefs, tgt):
+    p = poly.Polynomial(coefs)
+    poly.set_default_printstyle('unicode')
+    assert_equal(str(p), tgt)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('coefs', 'tgt'), (
+    (array([1, 2, 'f'], dtype=object), '1 + 2·x + f·x²'),
+    (array([1, 2, [3, 4]], dtype=object), '1 + 2·x + [3, 4]·x²'),
+))
+def test_nonnumeric_object_coefficients(coefs, tgt):
+    """
+    Test coef fallback for object arrays of non-numeric coefficients.
+    """
+    p = poly.Polynomial(coefs)
+    poly.set_default_printstyle('unicode')
+    assert_equal(str(p), tgt)
+
+
+class TestFormat:
+    def test_format_unicode(self):
+        poly.set_default_printstyle('ascii')
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 0, -1])
+        assert_equal(format(p, 'unicode'), "1.0 + 2.0·x + 0.0·x² - 1.0·x³")
+
+    def test_format_ascii(self):
+        poly.set_default_printstyle('unicode')
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 0, -1])
+        assert_equal(
+            format(p, 'ascii'), "1.0 + 2.0 x + 0.0 x**2 - 1.0 x**3"
+        )
+
+    def test_empty_formatstr(self):
+        poly.set_default_printstyle('ascii')
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(format(p), "1.0 + 2.0 x + 3.0 x**2")
+        assert_equal(f"{p}", "1.0 + 2.0 x + 3.0 x**2")
+
+    def test_bad_formatstr(self):
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 0, -1])
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            format(p, '.2f')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('poly', 'tgt'), (
+    (poly.Polynomial, '1.0 + 2.0·z + 3.0·z²'),
+    (poly.Chebyshev, '1.0 + 2.0·T₁(z) + 3.0·T₂(z)'),
+    (poly.Hermite, '1.0 + 2.0·H₁(z) + 3.0·H₂(z)'),
+    (poly.HermiteE, '1.0 + 2.0·He₁(z) + 3.0·He₂(z)'),
+    (poly.Laguerre, '1.0 + 2.0·L₁(z) + 3.0·L₂(z)'),
+    (poly.Legendre, '1.0 + 2.0·P₁(z) + 3.0·P₂(z)'),
+))
+def test_symbol(poly, tgt):
+    p = poly([1, 2, 3], symbol='z')
+    assert_equal(f"{p:unicode}", tgt)
+
+
+class TestRepr:
+    def test_polynomial_str(self):
+        res = repr(poly.Polynomial([0, 1]))
+        tgt = (
+            "Polynomial([0., 1.], domain=[-1,  1], window=[-1,  1], "
+            "symbol='x')"
+        )
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_chebyshev_str(self):
+        res = repr(poly.Chebyshev([0, 1]))
+        tgt = (
+            "Chebyshev([0., 1.], domain=[-1,  1], window=[-1,  1], "
+            "symbol='x')"
+        )
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_legendre_repr(self):
+        res = repr(poly.Legendre([0, 1]))
+        tgt = (
+            "Legendre([0., 1.], domain=[-1,  1], window=[-1,  1], "
+            "symbol='x')"
+        )
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_hermite_repr(self):
+        res = repr(poly.Hermite([0, 1]))
+        tgt = (
+            "Hermite([0., 1.], domain=[-1,  1], window=[-1,  1], "
+            "symbol='x')"
+        )
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_hermiteE_repr(self):
+        res = repr(poly.HermiteE([0, 1]))
+        tgt = (
+            "HermiteE([0., 1.], domain=[-1,  1], window=[-1,  1], "
+            "symbol='x')"
+        )
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+    def test_laguerre_repr(self):
+        res = repr(poly.Laguerre([0, 1]))
+        tgt = (
+            "Laguerre([0., 1.], domain=[0, 1], window=[0, 1], "
+            "symbol='x')"
+        )
+        assert_equal(res, tgt)
+
+
+class TestLatexRepr:
+    """Test the latex repr used by Jupyter"""
+
+    def as_latex(self, obj):
+        # right now we ignore the formatting of scalars in our tests, since
+        # it makes them too verbose. Ideally, the formatting of scalars will
+        # be fixed such that tests below continue to pass
+        obj._repr_latex_scalar = lambda x, parens=False: str(x)
+        try:
+            return obj._repr_latex_()
+        finally:
+            del obj._repr_latex_scalar
+
+    def test_simple_polynomial(self):
+        # default input
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(self.as_latex(p),
+            r'$x \mapsto 1.0 + 2.0\,x + 3.0\,x^{2}$')
+
+        # translated input
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], domain=[-2, 0])
+        assert_equal(self.as_latex(p),
+            r'$x \mapsto 1.0 + 2.0\,\left(1.0 + x\right) + 3.0\,\left(1.0 + x\right)^{2}$')
+
+        # scaled input
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], domain=[-0.5, 0.5])
+        assert_equal(self.as_latex(p),
+            r'$x \mapsto 1.0 + 2.0\,\left(2.0x\right) + 3.0\,\left(2.0x\right)^{2}$')
+
+        # affine input
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], domain=[-1, 0])
+        assert_equal(self.as_latex(p),
+            r'$x \mapsto 1.0 + 2.0\,\left(1.0 + 2.0x\right) + 3.0\,\left(1.0 + 2.0x\right)^{2}$')
+
+    def test_basis_func(self):
+        p = poly.Chebyshev([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(self.as_latex(p),
+            r'$x \mapsto 1.0\,{T}_{0}(x) + 2.0\,{T}_{1}(x) + 3.0\,{T}_{2}(x)$')
+        # affine input - check no surplus parens are added
+        p = poly.Chebyshev([1, 2, 3], domain=[-1, 0])
+        assert_equal(self.as_latex(p),
+            r'$x \mapsto 1.0\,{T}_{0}(1.0 + 2.0x) + 2.0\,{T}_{1}(1.0 + 2.0x) + 3.0\,{T}_{2}(1.0 + 2.0x)$')
+
+    def test_multichar_basis_func(self):
+        p = poly.HermiteE([1, 2, 3])
+        assert_equal(self.as_latex(p),
+            r'$x \mapsto 1.0\,{He}_{0}(x) + 2.0\,{He}_{1}(x) + 3.0\,{He}_{2}(x)$')
+
+    def test_symbol_basic(self):
+        # default input
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], symbol='z')
+        assert_equal(self.as_latex(p),
+            r'$z \mapsto 1.0 + 2.0\,z + 3.0\,z^{2}$')
+
+        # translated input
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], domain=[-2, 0], symbol='z')
+        assert_equal(
+            self.as_latex(p),
+            (
+                r'$z \mapsto 1.0 + 2.0\,\left(1.0 + z\right) + 3.0\,'
+                r'\left(1.0 + z\right)^{2}$'
+            ),
+        )
+
+        # scaled input
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], domain=[-0.5, 0.5], symbol='z')
+        assert_equal(
+            self.as_latex(p),
+            (
+                r'$z \mapsto 1.0 + 2.0\,\left(2.0z\right) + 3.0\,'
+                r'\left(2.0z\right)^{2}$'
+            ),
+        )
+
+        # affine input
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], domain=[-1, 0], symbol='z')
+        assert_equal(
+            self.as_latex(p),
+            (
+                r'$z \mapsto 1.0 + 2.0\,\left(1.0 + 2.0z\right) + 3.0\,'
+                r'\left(1.0 + 2.0z\right)^{2}$'
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+SWITCH_TO_EXP = (
+    '1.0 + (1.0e-01) x + (1.0e-02) x**2',
+    '1.2 + (1.2e-01) x + (1.2e-02) x**2',
+    '1.23 + 0.12 x + (1.23e-02) x**2 + (1.23e-03) x**3',
+    '1.235 + 0.123 x + (1.235e-02) x**2 + (1.235e-03) x**3',
+    '1.2346 + 0.1235 x + 0.0123 x**2 + (1.2346e-03) x**3 + (1.2346e-04) x**4',
+    '1.23457 + 0.12346 x + 0.01235 x**2 + (1.23457e-03) x**3 + '
+    '(1.23457e-04) x**4',
+    '1.234568 + 0.123457 x + 0.012346 x**2 + 0.001235 x**3 + '
+    '(1.234568e-04) x**4 + (1.234568e-05) x**5',
+    '1.2345679 + 0.1234568 x + 0.0123457 x**2 + 0.0012346 x**3 + '
+    '(1.2345679e-04) x**4 + (1.2345679e-05) x**5')
+
+class TestPrintOptions:
+    """
+    Test the output is properly configured via printoptions.
+    The exponential notation is enabled automatically when the values 
+    are too small or too large.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope='class', autouse=True)
+    def use_ascii(self):
+        poly.set_default_printstyle('ascii')
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1/2, 1/7, 1/7*10**8, 1/7*10**9])
+        assert_equal(str(p), '0.5 + 0.14285714 x + 14285714.28571429 x**2 '
+                             '+ (1.42857143e+08) x**3')
+
+        with printoptions(precision=3):
+            assert_equal(str(p), '0.5 + 0.143 x + 14285714.286 x**2 '
+                                 '+ (1.429e+08) x**3')
+
+    def test_latex(self):
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1/2, 1/7, 1/7*10**8, 1/7*10**9])
+        assert_equal(p._repr_latex_(),
+            r'$x \mapsto \text{0.5} + \text{0.14285714}\,x + '
+            r'\text{14285714.28571429}\,x^{2} + '
+            r'\text{(1.42857143e+08)}\,x^{3}$')
+        
+        with printoptions(precision=3):
+            assert_equal(p._repr_latex_(),
+                r'$x \mapsto \text{0.5} + \text{0.143}\,x + '
+                r'\text{14285714.286}\,x^{2} + \text{(1.429e+08)}\,x^{3}$')
+
+    def test_fixed(self):
+        p = poly.Polynomial([1/2])
+        assert_equal(str(p), '0.5')
+        
+        with printoptions(floatmode='fixed'):
+            assert_equal(str(p), '0.50000000')
+        
+        with printoptions(floatmode='fixed', precision=4):
+            assert_equal(str(p), '0.5000')
+
+    def test_switch_to_exp(self):
+        for i, s in enumerate(SWITCH_TO_EXP):
+            with printoptions(precision=i):
+                p = poly.Polynomial([1.23456789*10**-i 
+                                     for i in range(i//2+3)])
+                assert str(p).replace('\n', ' ') == s 
+    
+    def test_non_finite(self):
+        p = poly.Polynomial([nan, inf])
+        assert str(p) == 'nan + inf x'
+        assert p._repr_latex_() == r'$x \mapsto \text{nan} + \text{inf}\,x$'
+        with printoptions(nanstr='NAN', infstr='INF'):
+            assert str(p) == 'NAN + INF x'
+            assert p._repr_latex_() == \
+                r'$x \mapsto \text{NAN} + \text{INF}\,x$'
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_symbol.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_symbol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ea6035ef7a75e6807634ba894e42015c83edb7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/polynomial/tests/test_symbol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+"""
+Tests related to the ``symbol`` attribute of the ABCPolyBase class.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+import numpy.polynomial as poly
+from numpy.core import array
+from numpy.testing import assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_
+
+
+class TestInit:
+    """
+    Test polynomial creation with symbol kwarg.
+    """
+    c = [1, 2, 3]
+
+    def test_default_symbol(self):
+        p = poly.Polynomial(self.c)
+        assert_equal(p.symbol, 'x')
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(('bad_input', 'exception'), (
+        ('', ValueError),
+        ('3', ValueError),
+        (None, TypeError),
+        (1, TypeError),
+    ))
+    def test_symbol_bad_input(self, bad_input, exception):
+        with pytest.raises(exception):
+            p = poly.Polynomial(self.c, symbol=bad_input)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('symbol', (
+        'x',
+        'x_1',
+        'A',
+        'xyz',
+        'β',
+    ))
+    def test_valid_symbols(self, symbol):
+        """
+        Values for symbol that should pass input validation.
+        """
+        p = poly.Polynomial(self.c, symbol=symbol)
+        assert_equal(p.symbol, symbol)
+
+    def test_property(self):
+        """
+        'symbol' attribute is read only.
+        """
+        p = poly.Polynomial(self.c, symbol='x')
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+            p.symbol = 'z'
+
+    def test_change_symbol(self):
+        p = poly.Polynomial(self.c, symbol='y')
+        # Create new polynomial from p with different symbol
+        pt = poly.Polynomial(p.coef, symbol='t')
+        assert_equal(pt.symbol, 't')
+
+
+class TestUnaryOperators:
+    p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], symbol='z')
+
+    def test_neg(self):
+        n = -self.p
+        assert_equal(n.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_scalarmul(self):
+        out = self.p * 10
+        assert_equal(out.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_rscalarmul(self):
+        out = 10 * self.p
+        assert_equal(out.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_pow(self):
+        out = self.p ** 3
+        assert_equal(out.symbol, 'z')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'rhs',
+    (
+        poly.Polynomial([4, 5, 6], symbol='z'),
+        array([4, 5, 6]),
+    ),
+)
+class TestBinaryOperatorsSameSymbol:
+    """
+    Ensure symbol is preserved for numeric operations on polynomials with
+    the same symbol
+    """
+    p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], symbol='z')
+
+    def test_add(self, rhs):
+        out = self.p + rhs
+        assert_equal(out.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_sub(self, rhs):
+        out = self.p - rhs
+        assert_equal(out.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_polymul(self, rhs):
+        out = self.p * rhs
+        assert_equal(out.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_divmod(self, rhs):
+        for out in divmod(self.p, rhs):
+            assert_equal(out.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_radd(self, rhs):
+        out = rhs + self.p
+        assert_equal(out.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_rsub(self, rhs):
+        out = rhs - self.p
+        assert_equal(out.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_rmul(self, rhs):
+        out = rhs * self.p
+        assert_equal(out.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_rdivmod(self, rhs):
+        for out in divmod(rhs, self.p):
+            assert_equal(out.symbol, 'z')
+
+
+class TestBinaryOperatorsDifferentSymbol:
+    p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], symbol='x')
+    other = poly.Polynomial([4, 5, 6], symbol='y')
+    ops = (p.__add__, p.__sub__, p.__mul__, p.__floordiv__, p.__mod__)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('f', ops)
+    def test_binops_fails(self, f):
+        assert_raises(ValueError, f, self.other)
+
+
+class TestEquality:
+    p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], symbol='x')
+
+    def test_eq(self):
+        other = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], symbol='x')
+        assert_(self.p == other)
+
+    def test_neq(self):
+        other = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3], symbol='y')
+        assert_(not self.p == other)
+
+
+class TestExtraMethods:
+    """
+    Test other methods for manipulating/creating polynomial objects.
+    """
+    p = poly.Polynomial([1, 2, 3, 0], symbol='z')
+
+    def test_copy(self):
+        other = self.p.copy()
+        assert_equal(other.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_trim(self):
+        other = self.p.trim()
+        assert_equal(other.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_truncate(self):
+        other = self.p.truncate(2)
+        assert_equal(other.symbol, 'z')
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('kwarg', (
+        {'domain': [-10, 10]},
+        {'window': [-10, 10]},
+        {'kind': poly.Chebyshev},
+    ))
+    def test_convert(self, kwarg):
+        other = self.p.convert(**kwarg)
+        assert_equal(other.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_integ(self):
+        other = self.p.integ()
+        assert_equal(other.symbol, 'z')
+
+    def test_deriv(self):
+        other = self.p.deriv()
+        assert_equal(other.symbol, 'z')
+
+
+def test_composition():
+    p = poly.Polynomial([3, 2, 1], symbol="t")
+    q = poly.Polynomial([5, 1, 0, -1], symbol="λ_1")
+    r = p(q)
+    assert r.symbol == "λ_1"
+
+
+#
+# Class methods that result in new polynomial class instances
+#
+
+
+def test_fit():
+    x, y = (range(10),)*2
+    p = poly.Polynomial.fit(x, y, deg=1, symbol='z')
+    assert_equal(p.symbol, 'z')
+
+
+def test_froomroots():
+    roots = [-2, 2]
+    p = poly.Polynomial.fromroots(roots, symbol='z')
+    assert_equal(p.symbol, 'z')
+
+
+def test_identity():
+    p = poly.Polynomial.identity(domain=[-1, 1], window=[5, 20], symbol='z')
+    assert_equal(p.symbol, 'z')
+
+
+def test_basis():
+    p = poly.Polynomial.basis(3, symbol='z')
+    assert_equal(p.symbol, 'z')
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a34221e4dde5f8a1eeab7446193344915467769
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""Common test support for all numpy test scripts.
+
+This single module should provide all the common functionality for numpy tests
+in a single location, so that test scripts can just import it and work right
+away.
+
+"""
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+from . import _private
+from ._private.utils import *
+from ._private.utils import (_assert_valid_refcount, _gen_alignment_data)
+from ._private import extbuild
+from . import overrides
+
+__all__ = (
+    _private.utils.__all__ + ['TestCase', 'overrides']
+)
+
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+test = PytestTester(__name__)
+del PytestTester
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/__init__.pyi b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/__init__.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d65860ccb044c7c01ade91327f25a0e94e4c9b32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/__init__.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+from numpy._pytesttester import PytestTester
+
+from unittest import (
+    TestCase as TestCase,
+)
+
+from numpy.testing._private.utils import (
+    assert_equal as assert_equal,
+    assert_almost_equal as assert_almost_equal,
+    assert_approx_equal as assert_approx_equal,
+    assert_array_equal as assert_array_equal,
+    assert_array_less as assert_array_less,
+    assert_string_equal as assert_string_equal,
+    assert_array_almost_equal as assert_array_almost_equal,
+    assert_raises as assert_raises,
+    build_err_msg as build_err_msg,
+    decorate_methods as decorate_methods,
+    jiffies as jiffies,
+    memusage as memusage,
+    print_assert_equal as print_assert_equal,
+    rundocs as rundocs,
+    runstring as runstring,
+    verbose as verbose,
+    measure as measure,
+    assert_ as assert_,
+    assert_array_almost_equal_nulp as assert_array_almost_equal_nulp,
+    assert_raises_regex as assert_raises_regex,
+    assert_array_max_ulp as assert_array_max_ulp,
+    assert_warns as assert_warns,
+    assert_no_warnings as assert_no_warnings,
+    assert_allclose as assert_allclose,
+    IgnoreException as IgnoreException,
+    clear_and_catch_warnings as clear_and_catch_warnings,
+    SkipTest as SkipTest,
+    KnownFailureException as KnownFailureException,
+    temppath as temppath,
+    tempdir as tempdir,
+    IS_PYPY as IS_PYPY,
+    IS_PYSTON as IS_PYSTON,
+    HAS_REFCOUNT as HAS_REFCOUNT,
+    suppress_warnings as suppress_warnings,
+    assert_array_compare as assert_array_compare,
+    assert_no_gc_cycles as assert_no_gc_cycles,
+    break_cycles as break_cycles,
+    HAS_LAPACK64 as HAS_LAPACK64,
+)
+
+__all__: list[str]
+__path__: list[str]
+test: PytestTester
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/overrides.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/overrides.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..edc7132c20409cae54f549f4e2c8fe2e295da504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/overrides.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""Tools for testing implementations of __array_function__ and ufunc overrides
+
+
+"""
+
+from numpy.core.overrides import ARRAY_FUNCTIONS as _array_functions
+from numpy import ufunc as _ufunc
+import numpy.core.umath as _umath
+
+def get_overridable_numpy_ufuncs():
+    """List all numpy ufuncs overridable via `__array_ufunc__`
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    None
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    set
+        A set containing all overridable ufuncs in the public numpy API.
+    """
+    ufuncs = {obj for obj in _umath.__dict__.values()
+              if isinstance(obj, _ufunc)}
+    return ufuncs
+    
+
+def allows_array_ufunc_override(func):
+    """Determine if a function can be overridden via `__array_ufunc__`
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    func : callable
+        Function that may be overridable via `__array_ufunc__`
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    bool
+        `True` if `func` is overridable via `__array_ufunc__` and
+        `False` otherwise.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This function is equivalent to ``isinstance(func, np.ufunc)`` and
+    will work correctly for ufuncs defined outside of Numpy.
+
+    """
+    return isinstance(func, np.ufunc)
+
+
+def get_overridable_numpy_array_functions():
+    """List all numpy functions overridable via `__array_function__`
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    None
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    set
+        A set containing all functions in the public numpy API that are
+        overridable via `__array_function__`.
+
+    """
+    # 'import numpy' doesn't import recfunctions, so make sure it's imported
+    # so ufuncs defined there show up in the ufunc listing
+    from numpy.lib import recfunctions
+    return _array_functions.copy()
+
+def allows_array_function_override(func):
+    """Determine if a Numpy function can be overridden via `__array_function__`
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    func : callable
+        Function that may be overridable via `__array_function__`
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    bool
+        `True` if `func` is a function in the Numpy API that is
+        overridable via `__array_function__` and `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    return func in _array_functions
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/print_coercion_tables.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/print_coercion_tables.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1d4cdff8fd0b7e9cb9b539d9a49f3374a098a11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/print_coercion_tables.py
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Prints type-coercion tables for the built-in NumPy types
+
+"""
+import numpy as np
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+# Generic object that can be added, but doesn't do anything else
+class GenericObject:
+    def __init__(self, v):
+        self.v = v
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        return self
+
+    def __radd__(self, other):
+        return self
+
+    dtype = np.dtype('O')
+
+def print_cancast_table(ntypes):
+    print('X', end=' ')
+    for char in ntypes:
+        print(char, end=' ')
+    print()
+    for row in ntypes:
+        print(row, end=' ')
+        for col in ntypes:
+            if np.can_cast(row, col, "equiv"):
+                cast = "#"
+            elif np.can_cast(row, col, "safe"):
+                cast = "="
+            elif np.can_cast(row, col, "same_kind"):
+                cast = "~"
+            elif np.can_cast(row, col, "unsafe"):
+                cast = "."
+            else:
+                cast = " "
+            print(cast, end=' ')
+        print()
+
+def print_coercion_table(ntypes, inputfirstvalue, inputsecondvalue, firstarray, use_promote_types=False):
+    print('+', end=' ')
+    for char in ntypes:
+        print(char, end=' ')
+    print()
+    for row in ntypes:
+        if row == 'O':
+            rowtype = GenericObject
+        else:
+            rowtype = np.obj2sctype(row)
+
+        print(row, end=' ')
+        for col in ntypes:
+            if col == 'O':
+                coltype = GenericObject
+            else:
+                coltype = np.obj2sctype(col)
+            try:
+                if firstarray:
+                    rowvalue = np.array([rowtype(inputfirstvalue)], dtype=rowtype)
+                else:
+                    rowvalue = rowtype(inputfirstvalue)
+                colvalue = coltype(inputsecondvalue)
+                if use_promote_types:
+                    char = np.promote_types(rowvalue.dtype, colvalue.dtype).char
+                else:
+                    value = np.add(rowvalue, colvalue)
+                    if isinstance(value, np.ndarray):
+                        char = value.dtype.char
+                    else:
+                        char = np.dtype(type(value)).char
+            except ValueError:
+                char = '!'
+            except OverflowError:
+                char = '@'
+            except TypeError:
+                char = '#'
+            print(char, end=' ')
+        print()
+
+
+def print_new_cast_table(*, can_cast=True, legacy=False, flags=False):
+    """Prints new casts, the values given are default "can-cast" values, not
+    actual ones.
+    """
+    from numpy.core._multiarray_tests import get_all_cast_information
+
+    cast_table = {
+        -1: " ",
+        0: "#",  # No cast (classify as equivalent here)
+        1: "#",  # equivalent casting
+        2: "=",  # safe casting
+        3: "~",  # same-kind casting
+        4: ".",  # unsafe casting
+    }
+    flags_table = {
+        0 : "▗", 7: "█",
+        1: "▚", 2: "▐", 4: "▄",
+                3: "▜", 5: "▙",
+                        6: "▟",
+    }
+
+    cast_info = namedtuple("cast_info", ["can_cast", "legacy", "flags"])
+    no_cast_info = cast_info(" ", " ", " ")
+
+    casts = get_all_cast_information()
+    table = {}
+    dtypes = set()
+    for cast in casts:
+        dtypes.add(cast["from"])
+        dtypes.add(cast["to"])
+
+        if cast["from"] not in table:
+            table[cast["from"]] = {}
+        to_dict = table[cast["from"]]
+
+        can_cast = cast_table[cast["casting"]]
+        legacy = "L" if cast["legacy"] else "."
+        flags = 0
+        if cast["requires_pyapi"]:
+            flags |= 1
+        if cast["supports_unaligned"]:
+            flags |= 2
+        if cast["no_floatingpoint_errors"]:
+            flags |= 4
+
+        flags = flags_table[flags]
+        to_dict[cast["to"]] = cast_info(can_cast=can_cast, legacy=legacy, flags=flags)
+
+    # The np.dtype(x.type) is a bit strange, because dtype classes do
+    # not expose much yet.
+    types = np.typecodes["All"]
+    def sorter(x):
+        # This is a bit weird hack, to get a table as close as possible to
+        # the one printing all typecodes (but expecting user-dtypes).
+        dtype = np.dtype(x.type)
+        try:
+            indx = types.index(dtype.char)
+        except ValueError:
+            indx = np.inf
+        return (indx, dtype.char)
+
+    dtypes = sorted(dtypes, key=sorter)
+
+    def print_table(field="can_cast"):
+        print('X', end=' ')
+        for dt in dtypes:
+            print(np.dtype(dt.type).char, end=' ')
+        print()
+        for from_dt in dtypes:
+            print(np.dtype(from_dt.type).char, end=' ')
+            row = table.get(from_dt, {})
+            for to_dt in dtypes:
+                print(getattr(row.get(to_dt, no_cast_info), field), end=' ')
+            print()
+
+    if can_cast:
+        # Print the actual table:
+        print()
+        print("Casting: # is equivalent, = is safe, ~ is same-kind, and . is unsafe")
+        print()
+        print_table("can_cast")
+
+    if legacy:
+        print()
+        print("L denotes a legacy cast . a non-legacy one.")
+        print()
+        print_table("legacy")
+
+    if flags:
+        print()
+        print(f"{flags_table[0]}: no flags, {flags_table[1]}: PyAPI, "
+              f"{flags_table[2]}: supports unaligned, {flags_table[4]}: no-float-errors")
+        print()
+        print_table("flags")
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    print("can cast")
+    print_cancast_table(np.typecodes['All'])
+    print()
+    print("In these tables, ValueError is '!', OverflowError is '@', TypeError is '#'")
+    print()
+    print("scalar + scalar")
+    print_coercion_table(np.typecodes['All'], 0, 0, False)
+    print()
+    print("scalar + neg scalar")
+    print_coercion_table(np.typecodes['All'], 0, -1, False)
+    print()
+    print("array + scalar")
+    print_coercion_table(np.typecodes['All'], 0, 0, True)
+    print()
+    print("array + neg scalar")
+    print_coercion_table(np.typecodes['All'], 0, -1, True)
+    print()
+    print("promote_types")
+    print_coercion_table(np.typecodes['All'], 0, 0, False, True)
+    print("New casting type promotion:")
+    print_new_cast_table(can_cast=True, legacy=True, flags=True)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/setup.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f203e87271109763f2f947b711bd4124cd1138a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/testing/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+def configuration(parent_package='',top_path=None):
+    from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
+    config = Configuration('testing', parent_package, top_path)
+
+    config.add_subpackage('_private')
+    config.add_subpackage('tests')
+    config.add_data_files('*.pyi')
+    config.add_data_files('_private/*.pyi')
+    return config
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    from numpy.distutils.core import setup
+    setup(maintainer="NumPy Developers",
+          maintainer_email="numpy-dev@numpy.org",
+          description="NumPy test module",
+          url="https://www.numpy.org",
+          license="NumPy License (BSD Style)",
+          configuration=configuration,
+          )
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diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..275cbf0148f944eb04ca6c40c624cc5df77aa626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from pandas.io.excel._base import (
+    ExcelFile,
+    ExcelWriter,
+    read_excel,
+)
+from pandas.io.excel._odswriter import ODSWriter as _ODSWriter
+from pandas.io.excel._openpyxl import OpenpyxlWriter as _OpenpyxlWriter
+from pandas.io.excel._util import register_writer
+from pandas.io.excel._xlsxwriter import XlsxWriter as _XlsxWriter
+
+__all__ = ["read_excel", "ExcelWriter", "ExcelFile"]
+
+
+register_writer(_OpenpyxlWriter)
+
+register_writer(_XlsxWriter)
+
+
+register_writer(_ODSWriter)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_base.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..786f719337b84a29e5b6ea7577edd412b596920f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1659 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import (
+    Hashable,
+    Iterable,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+)
+import datetime
+from functools import partial
+from io import BytesIO
+import os
+from textwrap import fill
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+import warnings
+import zipfile
+
+from pandas._config import config
+
+from pandas._libs import lib
+from pandas._libs.parsers import STR_NA_VALUES
+from pandas.compat._optional import (
+    get_version,
+    import_optional_dependency,
+)
+from pandas.errors import EmptyDataError
+from pandas.util._decorators import (
+    Appender,
+    doc,
+)
+from pandas.util._exceptions import find_stack_level
+from pandas.util._validators import check_dtype_backend
+
+from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
+    is_bool,
+    is_float,
+    is_integer,
+    is_list_like,
+)
+
+from pandas.core.frame import DataFrame
+from pandas.core.shared_docs import _shared_docs
+from pandas.util.version import Version
+
+from pandas.io.common import (
+    IOHandles,
+    get_handle,
+    stringify_path,
+    validate_header_arg,
+)
+from pandas.io.excel._util import (
+    fill_mi_header,
+    get_default_engine,
+    get_writer,
+    maybe_convert_usecols,
+    pop_header_name,
+)
+from pandas.io.parsers import TextParser
+from pandas.io.parsers.readers import validate_integer
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from types import TracebackType
+
+    from pandas._typing import (
+        DtypeArg,
+        DtypeBackend,
+        ExcelWriterIfSheetExists,
+        FilePath,
+        IntStrT,
+        ReadBuffer,
+        Self,
+        SequenceNotStr,
+        StorageOptions,
+        WriteExcelBuffer,
+    )
+_read_excel_doc = (
+    """
+Read an Excel file into a ``pandas`` ``DataFrame``.
+
+Supports `xls`, `xlsx`, `xlsm`, `xlsb`, `odf`, `ods` and `odt` file extensions
+read from a local filesystem or URL. Supports an option to read
+a single sheet or a list of sheets.
+
+Parameters
+----------
+io : str, bytes, ExcelFile, xlrd.Book, path object, or file-like object
+    Any valid string path is acceptable. The string could be a URL. Valid
+    URL schemes include http, ftp, s3, and file. For file URLs, a host is
+    expected. A local file could be: ``file://localhost/path/to/table.xlsx``.
+
+    If you want to pass in a path object, pandas accepts any ``os.PathLike``.
+
+    By file-like object, we refer to objects with a ``read()`` method,
+    such as a file handle (e.g. via builtin ``open`` function)
+    or ``StringIO``.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 2.1.0
+        Passing byte strings is deprecated. To read from a
+        byte string, wrap it in a ``BytesIO`` object.
+sheet_name : str, int, list, or None, default 0
+    Strings are used for sheet names. Integers are used in zero-indexed
+    sheet positions (chart sheets do not count as a sheet position).
+    Lists of strings/integers are used to request multiple sheets.
+    Specify ``None`` to get all worksheets.
+
+    Available cases:
+
+    * Defaults to ``0``: 1st sheet as a `DataFrame`
+    * ``1``: 2nd sheet as a `DataFrame`
+    * ``"Sheet1"``: Load sheet with name "Sheet1"
+    * ``[0, 1, "Sheet5"]``: Load first, second and sheet named "Sheet5"
+      as a dict of `DataFrame`
+    * ``None``: All worksheets.
+
+header : int, list of int, default 0
+    Row (0-indexed) to use for the column labels of the parsed
+    DataFrame. If a list of integers is passed those row positions will
+    be combined into a ``MultiIndex``. Use None if there is no header.
+names : array-like, default None
+    List of column names to use. If file contains no header row,
+    then you should explicitly pass header=None.
+index_col : int, str, list of int, default None
+    Column (0-indexed) to use as the row labels of the DataFrame.
+    Pass None if there is no such column.  If a list is passed,
+    those columns will be combined into a ``MultiIndex``.  If a
+    subset of data is selected with ``usecols``, index_col
+    is based on the subset.
+
+    Missing values will be forward filled to allow roundtripping with
+    ``to_excel`` for ``merged_cells=True``. To avoid forward filling the
+    missing values use ``set_index`` after reading the data instead of
+    ``index_col``.
+usecols : str, list-like, or callable, default None
+    * If None, then parse all columns.
+    * If str, then indicates comma separated list of Excel column letters
+      and column ranges (e.g. "A:E" or "A,C,E:F"). Ranges are inclusive of
+      both sides.
+    * If list of int, then indicates list of column numbers to be parsed
+      (0-indexed).
+    * If list of string, then indicates list of column names to be parsed.
+    * If callable, then evaluate each column name against it and parse the
+      column if the callable returns ``True``.
+
+    Returns a subset of the columns according to behavior above.
+dtype : Type name or dict of column -> type, default None
+    Data type for data or columns. E.g. {{'a': np.float64, 'b': np.int32}}
+    Use ``object`` to preserve data as stored in Excel and not interpret dtype,
+    which will necessarily result in ``object`` dtype.
+    If converters are specified, they will be applied INSTEAD
+    of dtype conversion.
+    If you use ``None``, it will infer the dtype of each column based on the data.
+engine : {{'openpyxl', 'calamine', 'odf', 'pyxlsb', 'xlrd'}}, default None
+    If io is not a buffer or path, this must be set to identify io.
+    Engine compatibility :
+
+    - ``openpyxl`` supports newer Excel file formats.
+    - ``calamine`` supports Excel (.xls, .xlsx, .xlsm, .xlsb)
+      and OpenDocument (.ods) file formats.
+    - ``odf`` supports OpenDocument file formats (.odf, .ods, .odt).
+    - ``pyxlsb`` supports Binary Excel files.
+    - ``xlrd`` supports old-style Excel files (.xls).
+
+    When ``engine=None``, the following logic will be used to determine the engine:
+
+    - If ``path_or_buffer`` is an OpenDocument format (.odf, .ods, .odt),
+      then `odf `_ will be used.
+    - Otherwise if ``path_or_buffer`` is an xls format, ``xlrd`` will be used.
+    - Otherwise if ``path_or_buffer`` is in xlsb format, ``pyxlsb`` will be used.
+    - Otherwise ``openpyxl`` will be used.
+converters : dict, default None
+    Dict of functions for converting values in certain columns. Keys can
+    either be integers or column labels, values are functions that take one
+    input argument, the Excel cell content, and return the transformed
+    content.
+true_values : list, default None
+    Values to consider as True.
+false_values : list, default None
+    Values to consider as False.
+skiprows : list-like, int, or callable, optional
+    Line numbers to skip (0-indexed) or number of lines to skip (int) at the
+    start of the file. If callable, the callable function will be evaluated
+    against the row indices, returning True if the row should be skipped and
+    False otherwise. An example of a valid callable argument would be ``lambda
+    x: x in [0, 2]``.
+nrows : int, default None
+    Number of rows to parse.
+na_values : scalar, str, list-like, or dict, default None
+    Additional strings to recognize as NA/NaN. If dict passed, specific
+    per-column NA values. By default the following values are interpreted
+    as NaN: '"""
+    + fill("', '".join(sorted(STR_NA_VALUES)), 70, subsequent_indent="    ")
+    + """'.
+keep_default_na : bool, default True
+    Whether or not to include the default NaN values when parsing the data.
+    Depending on whether ``na_values`` is passed in, the behavior is as follows:
+
+    * If ``keep_default_na`` is True, and ``na_values`` are specified,
+      ``na_values`` is appended to the default NaN values used for parsing.
+    * If ``keep_default_na`` is True, and ``na_values`` are not specified, only
+      the default NaN values are used for parsing.
+    * If ``keep_default_na`` is False, and ``na_values`` are specified, only
+      the NaN values specified ``na_values`` are used for parsing.
+    * If ``keep_default_na`` is False, and ``na_values`` are not specified, no
+      strings will be parsed as NaN.
+
+    Note that if `na_filter` is passed in as False, the ``keep_default_na`` and
+    ``na_values`` parameters will be ignored.
+na_filter : bool, default True
+    Detect missing value markers (empty strings and the value of na_values). In
+    data without any NAs, passing ``na_filter=False`` can improve the
+    performance of reading a large file.
+verbose : bool, default False
+    Indicate number of NA values placed in non-numeric columns.
+parse_dates : bool, list-like, or dict, default False
+    The behavior is as follows:
+
+    * ``bool``. If True -> try parsing the index.
+    * ``list`` of int or names. e.g. If [1, 2, 3] -> try parsing columns 1, 2, 3
+      each as a separate date column.
+    * ``list`` of lists. e.g.  If [[1, 3]] -> combine columns 1 and 3 and parse as
+      a single date column.
+    * ``dict``, e.g. {{'foo' : [1, 3]}} -> parse columns 1, 3 as date and call
+      result 'foo'
+
+    If a column or index contains an unparsable date, the entire column or
+    index will be returned unaltered as an object data type. If you don`t want to
+    parse some cells as date just change their type in Excel to "Text".
+    For non-standard datetime parsing, use ``pd.to_datetime`` after ``pd.read_excel``.
+
+    Note: A fast-path exists for iso8601-formatted dates.
+date_parser : function, optional
+    Function to use for converting a sequence of string columns to an array of
+    datetime instances. The default uses ``dateutil.parser.parser`` to do the
+    conversion. Pandas will try to call `date_parser` in three different ways,
+    advancing to the next if an exception occurs: 1) Pass one or more arrays
+    (as defined by `parse_dates`) as arguments; 2) concatenate (row-wise) the
+    string values from the columns defined by `parse_dates` into a single array
+    and pass that; and 3) call `date_parser` once for each row using one or
+    more strings (corresponding to the columns defined by `parse_dates`) as
+    arguments.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 2.0.0
+       Use ``date_format`` instead, or read in as ``object`` and then apply
+       :func:`to_datetime` as-needed.
+date_format : str or dict of column -> format, default ``None``
+   If used in conjunction with ``parse_dates``, will parse dates according to this
+   format. For anything more complex,
+   please read in as ``object`` and then apply :func:`to_datetime` as-needed.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 2.0.0
+thousands : str, default None
+    Thousands separator for parsing string columns to numeric.  Note that
+    this parameter is only necessary for columns stored as TEXT in Excel,
+    any numeric columns will automatically be parsed, regardless of display
+    format.
+decimal : str, default '.'
+    Character to recognize as decimal point for parsing string columns to numeric.
+    Note that this parameter is only necessary for columns stored as TEXT in Excel,
+    any numeric columns will automatically be parsed, regardless of display
+    format.(e.g. use ',' for European data).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
+
+comment : str, default None
+    Comments out remainder of line. Pass a character or characters to this
+    argument to indicate comments in the input file. Any data between the
+    comment string and the end of the current line is ignored.
+skipfooter : int, default 0
+    Rows at the end to skip (0-indexed).
+{storage_options}
+
+dtype_backend : {{'numpy_nullable', 'pyarrow'}}, default 'numpy_nullable'
+    Back-end data type applied to the resultant :class:`DataFrame`
+    (still experimental). Behaviour is as follows:
+
+    * ``"numpy_nullable"``: returns nullable-dtype-backed :class:`DataFrame`
+      (default).
+    * ``"pyarrow"``: returns pyarrow-backed nullable :class:`ArrowDtype`
+      DataFrame.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+engine_kwargs : dict, optional
+    Arbitrary keyword arguments passed to excel engine.
+
+Returns
+-------
+DataFrame or dict of DataFrames
+    DataFrame from the passed in Excel file. See notes in sheet_name
+    argument for more information on when a dict of DataFrames is returned.
+
+See Also
+--------
+DataFrame.to_excel : Write DataFrame to an Excel file.
+DataFrame.to_csv : Write DataFrame to a comma-separated values (csv) file.
+read_csv : Read a comma-separated values (csv) file into DataFrame.
+read_fwf : Read a table of fixed-width formatted lines into DataFrame.
+
+Notes
+-----
+For specific information on the methods used for each Excel engine, refer to the pandas
+:ref:`user guide `
+
+Examples
+--------
+The file can be read using the file name as string or an open file object:
+
+>>> pd.read_excel('tmp.xlsx', index_col=0)  # doctest: +SKIP
+       Name  Value
+0   string1      1
+1   string2      2
+2  #Comment      3
+
+>>> pd.read_excel(open('tmp.xlsx', 'rb'),
+...               sheet_name='Sheet3')  # doctest: +SKIP
+   Unnamed: 0      Name  Value
+0           0   string1      1
+1           1   string2      2
+2           2  #Comment      3
+
+Index and header can be specified via the `index_col` and `header` arguments
+
+>>> pd.read_excel('tmp.xlsx', index_col=None, header=None)  # doctest: +SKIP
+     0         1      2
+0  NaN      Name  Value
+1  0.0   string1      1
+2  1.0   string2      2
+3  2.0  #Comment      3
+
+Column types are inferred but can be explicitly specified
+
+>>> pd.read_excel('tmp.xlsx', index_col=0,
+...               dtype={{'Name': str, 'Value': float}})  # doctest: +SKIP
+       Name  Value
+0   string1    1.0
+1   string2    2.0
+2  #Comment    3.0
+
+True, False, and NA values, and thousands separators have defaults,
+but can be explicitly specified, too. Supply the values you would like
+as strings or lists of strings!
+
+>>> pd.read_excel('tmp.xlsx', index_col=0,
+...               na_values=['string1', 'string2'])  # doctest: +SKIP
+       Name  Value
+0       NaN      1
+1       NaN      2
+2  #Comment      3
+
+Comment lines in the excel input file can be skipped using the
+``comment`` kwarg.
+
+>>> pd.read_excel('tmp.xlsx', index_col=0, comment='#')  # doctest: +SKIP
+      Name  Value
+0  string1    1.0
+1  string2    2.0
+2     None    NaN
+"""
+)
+
+
+@overload
+def read_excel(
+    io,
+    # sheet name is str or int -> DataFrame
+    sheet_name: str | int = ...,
+    *,
+    header: int | Sequence[int] | None = ...,
+    names: SequenceNotStr[Hashable] | range | None = ...,
+    index_col: int | str | Sequence[int] | None = ...,
+    usecols: int
+    | str
+    | Sequence[int]
+    | Sequence[str]
+    | Callable[[str], bool]
+    | None = ...,
+    dtype: DtypeArg | None = ...,
+    engine: Literal["xlrd", "openpyxl", "odf", "pyxlsb", "calamine"] | None = ...,
+    converters: dict[str, Callable] | dict[int, Callable] | None = ...,
+    true_values: Iterable[Hashable] | None = ...,
+    false_values: Iterable[Hashable] | None = ...,
+    skiprows: Sequence[int] | int | Callable[[int], object] | None = ...,
+    nrows: int | None = ...,
+    na_values=...,
+    keep_default_na: bool = ...,
+    na_filter: bool = ...,
+    verbose: bool = ...,
+    parse_dates: list | dict | bool = ...,
+    date_parser: Callable | lib.NoDefault = ...,
+    date_format: dict[Hashable, str] | str | None = ...,
+    thousands: str | None = ...,
+    decimal: str = ...,
+    comment: str | None = ...,
+    skipfooter: int = ...,
+    storage_options: StorageOptions = ...,
+    dtype_backend: DtypeBackend | lib.NoDefault = ...,
+) -> DataFrame:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def read_excel(
+    io,
+    # sheet name is list or None -> dict[IntStrT, DataFrame]
+    sheet_name: list[IntStrT] | None,
+    *,
+    header: int | Sequence[int] | None = ...,
+    names: SequenceNotStr[Hashable] | range | None = ...,
+    index_col: int | str | Sequence[int] | None = ...,
+    usecols: int
+    | str
+    | Sequence[int]
+    | Sequence[str]
+    | Callable[[str], bool]
+    | None = ...,
+    dtype: DtypeArg | None = ...,
+    engine: Literal["xlrd", "openpyxl", "odf", "pyxlsb", "calamine"] | None = ...,
+    converters: dict[str, Callable] | dict[int, Callable] | None = ...,
+    true_values: Iterable[Hashable] | None = ...,
+    false_values: Iterable[Hashable] | None = ...,
+    skiprows: Sequence[int] | int | Callable[[int], object] | None = ...,
+    nrows: int | None = ...,
+    na_values=...,
+    keep_default_na: bool = ...,
+    na_filter: bool = ...,
+    verbose: bool = ...,
+    parse_dates: list | dict | bool = ...,
+    date_parser: Callable | lib.NoDefault = ...,
+    date_format: dict[Hashable, str] | str | None = ...,
+    thousands: str | None = ...,
+    decimal: str = ...,
+    comment: str | None = ...,
+    skipfooter: int = ...,
+    storage_options: StorageOptions = ...,
+    dtype_backend: DtypeBackend | lib.NoDefault = ...,
+) -> dict[IntStrT, DataFrame]:
+    ...
+
+
+@doc(storage_options=_shared_docs["storage_options"])
+@Appender(_read_excel_doc)
+def read_excel(
+    io,
+    sheet_name: str | int | list[IntStrT] | None = 0,
+    *,
+    header: int | Sequence[int] | None = 0,
+    names: SequenceNotStr[Hashable] | range | None = None,
+    index_col: int | str | Sequence[int] | None = None,
+    usecols: int
+    | str
+    | Sequence[int]
+    | Sequence[str]
+    | Callable[[str], bool]
+    | None = None,
+    dtype: DtypeArg | None = None,
+    engine: Literal["xlrd", "openpyxl", "odf", "pyxlsb", "calamine"] | None = None,
+    converters: dict[str, Callable] | dict[int, Callable] | None = None,
+    true_values: Iterable[Hashable] | None = None,
+    false_values: Iterable[Hashable] | None = None,
+    skiprows: Sequence[int] | int | Callable[[int], object] | None = None,
+    nrows: int | None = None,
+    na_values=None,
+    keep_default_na: bool = True,
+    na_filter: bool = True,
+    verbose: bool = False,
+    parse_dates: list | dict | bool = False,
+    date_parser: Callable | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
+    date_format: dict[Hashable, str] | str | None = None,
+    thousands: str | None = None,
+    decimal: str = ".",
+    comment: str | None = None,
+    skipfooter: int = 0,
+    storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+    dtype_backend: DtypeBackend | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
+    engine_kwargs: dict | None = None,
+) -> DataFrame | dict[IntStrT, DataFrame]:
+    check_dtype_backend(dtype_backend)
+    should_close = False
+    if engine_kwargs is None:
+        engine_kwargs = {}
+
+    if not isinstance(io, ExcelFile):
+        should_close = True
+        io = ExcelFile(
+            io,
+            storage_options=storage_options,
+            engine=engine,
+            engine_kwargs=engine_kwargs,
+        )
+    elif engine and engine != io.engine:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Engine should not be specified when passing "
+            "an ExcelFile - ExcelFile already has the engine set"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        data = io.parse(
+            sheet_name=sheet_name,
+            header=header,
+            names=names,
+            index_col=index_col,
+            usecols=usecols,
+            dtype=dtype,
+            converters=converters,
+            true_values=true_values,
+            false_values=false_values,
+            skiprows=skiprows,
+            nrows=nrows,
+            na_values=na_values,
+            keep_default_na=keep_default_na,
+            na_filter=na_filter,
+            verbose=verbose,
+            parse_dates=parse_dates,
+            date_parser=date_parser,
+            date_format=date_format,
+            thousands=thousands,
+            decimal=decimal,
+            comment=comment,
+            skipfooter=skipfooter,
+            dtype_backend=dtype_backend,
+        )
+    finally:
+        # make sure to close opened file handles
+        if should_close:
+            io.close()
+    return data
+
+
+_WorkbookT = TypeVar("_WorkbookT")
+
+
+class BaseExcelReader(Generic[_WorkbookT]):
+    book: _WorkbookT
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filepath_or_buffer,
+        storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+        engine_kwargs: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if engine_kwargs is None:
+            engine_kwargs = {}
+
+        # First argument can also be bytes, so create a buffer
+        if isinstance(filepath_or_buffer, bytes):
+            filepath_or_buffer = BytesIO(filepath_or_buffer)
+
+        self.handles = IOHandles(
+            handle=filepath_or_buffer, compression={"method": None}
+        )
+        if not isinstance(filepath_or_buffer, (ExcelFile, self._workbook_class)):
+            self.handles = get_handle(
+                filepath_or_buffer, "rb", storage_options=storage_options, is_text=False
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(self.handles.handle, self._workbook_class):
+            self.book = self.handles.handle
+        elif hasattr(self.handles.handle, "read"):
+            # N.B. xlrd.Book has a read attribute too
+            self.handles.handle.seek(0)
+            try:
+                self.book = self.load_workbook(self.handles.handle, engine_kwargs)
+            except Exception:
+                self.close()
+                raise
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Must explicitly set engine if not passing in buffer or path for io."
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def _workbook_class(self) -> type[_WorkbookT]:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def load_workbook(self, filepath_or_buffer, engine_kwargs) -> _WorkbookT:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self, "book"):
+            if hasattr(self.book, "close"):
+                # pyxlsb: opens a TemporaryFile
+                # openpyxl: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31416842/
+                #     openpyxl-does-not-close-excel-workbook-in-read-only-mode
+                self.book.close()
+            elif hasattr(self.book, "release_resources"):
+                # xlrd
+                # https://github.com/python-excel/xlrd/blob/2.0.1/xlrd/book.py#L548
+                self.book.release_resources()
+        self.handles.close()
+
+    @property
+    def sheet_names(self) -> list[str]:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_sheet_by_name(self, name: str):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_sheet_by_index(self, index: int):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_sheet_data(self, sheet, rows: int | None = None):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def raise_if_bad_sheet_by_index(self, index: int) -> None:
+        n_sheets = len(self.sheet_names)
+        if index >= n_sheets:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Worksheet index {index} is invalid, {n_sheets} worksheets found"
+            )
+
+    def raise_if_bad_sheet_by_name(self, name: str) -> None:
+        if name not in self.sheet_names:
+            raise ValueError(f"Worksheet named '{name}' not found")
+
+    def _check_skiprows_func(
+        self,
+        skiprows: Callable,
+        rows_to_use: int,
+    ) -> int:
+        """
+        Determine how many file rows are required to obtain `nrows` data
+        rows when `skiprows` is a function.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        skiprows : function
+            The function passed to read_excel by the user.
+        rows_to_use : int
+            The number of rows that will be needed for the header and
+            the data.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        int
+        """
+        i = 0
+        rows_used_so_far = 0
+        while rows_used_so_far < rows_to_use:
+            if not skiprows(i):
+                rows_used_so_far += 1
+            i += 1
+        return i
+
+    def _calc_rows(
+        self,
+        header: int | Sequence[int] | None,
+        index_col: int | Sequence[int] | None,
+        skiprows: Sequence[int] | int | Callable[[int], object] | None,
+        nrows: int | None,
+    ) -> int | None:
+        """
+        If nrows specified, find the number of rows needed from the
+        file, otherwise return None.
+
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        header : int, list of int, or None
+            See read_excel docstring.
+        index_col : int, str, list of int, or None
+            See read_excel docstring.
+        skiprows : list-like, int, callable, or None
+            See read_excel docstring.
+        nrows : int or None
+            See read_excel docstring.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        int or None
+        """
+        if nrows is None:
+            return None
+        if header is None:
+            header_rows = 1
+        elif is_integer(header):
+            header = cast(int, header)
+            header_rows = 1 + header
+        else:
+            header = cast(Sequence, header)
+            header_rows = 1 + header[-1]
+        # If there is a MultiIndex header and an index then there is also
+        # a row containing just the index name(s)
+        if is_list_like(header) and index_col is not None:
+            header = cast(Sequence, header)
+            if len(header) > 1:
+                header_rows += 1
+        if skiprows is None:
+            return header_rows + nrows
+        if is_integer(skiprows):
+            skiprows = cast(int, skiprows)
+            return header_rows + nrows + skiprows
+        if is_list_like(skiprows):
+
+            def f(skiprows: Sequence, x: int) -> bool:
+                return x in skiprows
+
+            skiprows = cast(Sequence, skiprows)
+            return self._check_skiprows_func(partial(f, skiprows), header_rows + nrows)
+        if callable(skiprows):
+            return self._check_skiprows_func(
+                skiprows,
+                header_rows + nrows,
+            )
+        # else unexpected skiprows type: read_excel will not optimize
+        # the number of rows read from file
+        return None
+
+    def parse(
+        self,
+        sheet_name: str | int | list[int] | list[str] | None = 0,
+        header: int | Sequence[int] | None = 0,
+        names: SequenceNotStr[Hashable] | range | None = None,
+        index_col: int | Sequence[int] | None = None,
+        usecols=None,
+        dtype: DtypeArg | None = None,
+        true_values: Iterable[Hashable] | None = None,
+        false_values: Iterable[Hashable] | None = None,
+        skiprows: Sequence[int] | int | Callable[[int], object] | None = None,
+        nrows: int | None = None,
+        na_values=None,
+        verbose: bool = False,
+        parse_dates: list | dict | bool = False,
+        date_parser: Callable | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
+        date_format: dict[Hashable, str] | str | None = None,
+        thousands: str | None = None,
+        decimal: str = ".",
+        comment: str | None = None,
+        skipfooter: int = 0,
+        dtype_backend: DtypeBackend | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
+        **kwds,
+    ):
+        validate_header_arg(header)
+        validate_integer("nrows", nrows)
+
+        ret_dict = False
+
+        # Keep sheetname to maintain backwards compatibility.
+        sheets: list[int] | list[str]
+        if isinstance(sheet_name, list):
+            sheets = sheet_name
+            ret_dict = True
+        elif sheet_name is None:
+            sheets = self.sheet_names
+            ret_dict = True
+        elif isinstance(sheet_name, str):
+            sheets = [sheet_name]
+        else:
+            sheets = [sheet_name]
+
+        # handle same-type duplicates.
+        sheets = cast(Union[list[int], list[str]], list(dict.fromkeys(sheets).keys()))
+
+        output = {}
+
+        last_sheetname = None
+        for asheetname in sheets:
+            last_sheetname = asheetname
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"Reading sheet {asheetname}")
+
+            if isinstance(asheetname, str):
+                sheet = self.get_sheet_by_name(asheetname)
+            else:  # assume an integer if not a string
+                sheet = self.get_sheet_by_index(asheetname)
+
+            file_rows_needed = self._calc_rows(header, index_col, skiprows, nrows)
+            data = self.get_sheet_data(sheet, file_rows_needed)
+            if hasattr(sheet, "close"):
+                # pyxlsb opens two TemporaryFiles
+                sheet.close()
+            usecols = maybe_convert_usecols(usecols)
+
+            if not data:
+                output[asheetname] = DataFrame()
+                continue
+
+            is_list_header = False
+            is_len_one_list_header = False
+            if is_list_like(header):
+                assert isinstance(header, Sequence)
+                is_list_header = True
+                if len(header) == 1:
+                    is_len_one_list_header = True
+
+            if is_len_one_list_header:
+                header = cast(Sequence[int], header)[0]
+
+            # forward fill and pull out names for MultiIndex column
+            header_names = None
+            if header is not None and is_list_like(header):
+                assert isinstance(header, Sequence)
+
+                header_names = []
+                control_row = [True] * len(data[0])
+
+                for row in header:
+                    if is_integer(skiprows):
+                        assert isinstance(skiprows, int)
+                        row += skiprows
+
+                    if row > len(data) - 1:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            f"header index {row} exceeds maximum index "
+                            f"{len(data) - 1} of data.",
+                        )
+
+                    data[row], control_row = fill_mi_header(data[row], control_row)
+
+                    if index_col is not None:
+                        header_name, _ = pop_header_name(data[row], index_col)
+                        header_names.append(header_name)
+
+            # If there is a MultiIndex header and an index then there is also
+            # a row containing just the index name(s)
+            has_index_names = False
+            if is_list_header and not is_len_one_list_header and index_col is not None:
+                index_col_list: Sequence[int]
+                if isinstance(index_col, int):
+                    index_col_list = [index_col]
+                else:
+                    assert isinstance(index_col, Sequence)
+                    index_col_list = index_col
+
+                # We have to handle mi without names. If any of the entries in the data
+                # columns are not empty, this is a regular row
+                assert isinstance(header, Sequence)
+                if len(header) < len(data):
+                    potential_index_names = data[len(header)]
+                    potential_data = [
+                        x
+                        for i, x in enumerate(potential_index_names)
+                        if not control_row[i] and i not in index_col_list
+                    ]
+                    has_index_names = all(x == "" or x is None for x in potential_data)
+
+            if is_list_like(index_col):
+                # Forward fill values for MultiIndex index.
+                if header is None:
+                    offset = 0
+                elif isinstance(header, int):
+                    offset = 1 + header
+                else:
+                    offset = 1 + max(header)
+
+                # GH34673: if MultiIndex names present and not defined in the header,
+                # offset needs to be incremented so that forward filling starts
+                # from the first MI value instead of the name
+                if has_index_names:
+                    offset += 1
+
+                # Check if we have an empty dataset
+                # before trying to collect data.
+                if offset < len(data):
+                    assert isinstance(index_col, Sequence)
+
+                    for col in index_col:
+                        last = data[offset][col]
+
+                        for row in range(offset + 1, len(data)):
+                            if data[row][col] == "" or data[row][col] is None:
+                                data[row][col] = last
+                            else:
+                                last = data[row][col]
+
+            # GH 12292 : error when read one empty column from excel file
+            try:
+                parser = TextParser(
+                    data,
+                    names=names,
+                    header=header,
+                    index_col=index_col,
+                    has_index_names=has_index_names,
+                    dtype=dtype,
+                    true_values=true_values,
+                    false_values=false_values,
+                    skiprows=skiprows,
+                    nrows=nrows,
+                    na_values=na_values,
+                    skip_blank_lines=False,  # GH 39808
+                    parse_dates=parse_dates,
+                    date_parser=date_parser,
+                    date_format=date_format,
+                    thousands=thousands,
+                    decimal=decimal,
+                    comment=comment,
+                    skipfooter=skipfooter,
+                    usecols=usecols,
+                    dtype_backend=dtype_backend,
+                    **kwds,
+                )
+
+                output[asheetname] = parser.read(nrows=nrows)
+
+                if header_names:
+                    output[asheetname].columns = output[asheetname].columns.set_names(
+                        header_names
+                    )
+
+            except EmptyDataError:
+                # No Data, return an empty DataFrame
+                output[asheetname] = DataFrame()
+
+            except Exception as err:
+                err.args = (f"{err.args[0]} (sheet: {asheetname})", *err.args[1:])
+                raise err
+
+        if last_sheetname is None:
+            raise ValueError("Sheet name is an empty list")
+
+        if ret_dict:
+            return output
+        else:
+            return output[last_sheetname]
+
+
+@doc(storage_options=_shared_docs["storage_options"])
+class ExcelWriter(Generic[_WorkbookT]):
+    """
+    Class for writing DataFrame objects into excel sheets.
+
+    Default is to use:
+
+    * `xlsxwriter `__ for xlsx files if xlsxwriter
+      is installed otherwise `openpyxl `__
+    * `odswriter `__ for ods files
+
+    See ``DataFrame.to_excel`` for typical usage.
+
+    The writer should be used as a context manager. Otherwise, call `close()` to save
+    and close any opened file handles.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    path : str or typing.BinaryIO
+        Path to xls or xlsx or ods file.
+    engine : str (optional)
+        Engine to use for writing. If None, defaults to
+        ``io.excel..writer``.  NOTE: can only be passed as a keyword
+        argument.
+    date_format : str, default None
+        Format string for dates written into Excel files (e.g. 'YYYY-MM-DD').
+    datetime_format : str, default None
+        Format string for datetime objects written into Excel files.
+        (e.g. 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS').
+    mode : {{'w', 'a'}}, default 'w'
+        File mode to use (write or append). Append does not work with fsspec URLs.
+    {storage_options}
+
+    if_sheet_exists : {{'error', 'new', 'replace', 'overlay'}}, default 'error'
+        How to behave when trying to write to a sheet that already
+        exists (append mode only).
+
+        * error: raise a ValueError.
+        * new: Create a new sheet, with a name determined by the engine.
+        * replace: Delete the contents of the sheet before writing to it.
+        * overlay: Write contents to the existing sheet without first removing,
+          but possibly over top of, the existing contents.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.3.0
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.4.0
+
+           Added ``overlay`` option
+
+    engine_kwargs : dict, optional
+        Keyword arguments to be passed into the engine. These will be passed to
+        the following functions of the respective engines:
+
+        * xlsxwriter: ``xlsxwriter.Workbook(file, **engine_kwargs)``
+        * openpyxl (write mode): ``openpyxl.Workbook(**engine_kwargs)``
+        * openpyxl (append mode): ``openpyxl.load_workbook(file, **engine_kwargs)``
+        * odswriter: ``odf.opendocument.OpenDocumentSpreadsheet(**engine_kwargs)``
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.3.0
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For compatibility with CSV writers, ExcelWriter serializes lists
+    and dicts to strings before writing.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Default usage:
+
+    >>> df = pd.DataFrame([["ABC", "XYZ"]], columns=["Foo", "Bar"])  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> with pd.ExcelWriter("path_to_file.xlsx") as writer:
+    ...     df.to_excel(writer)  # doctest: +SKIP
+
+    To write to separate sheets in a single file:
+
+    >>> df1 = pd.DataFrame([["AAA", "BBB"]], columns=["Spam", "Egg"])  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> df2 = pd.DataFrame([["ABC", "XYZ"]], columns=["Foo", "Bar"])  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> with pd.ExcelWriter("path_to_file.xlsx") as writer:
+    ...     df1.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="Sheet1")  # doctest: +SKIP
+    ...     df2.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="Sheet2")  # doctest: +SKIP
+
+    You can set the date format or datetime format:
+
+    >>> from datetime import date, datetime  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> df = pd.DataFrame(
+    ...     [
+    ...         [date(2014, 1, 31), date(1999, 9, 24)],
+    ...         [datetime(1998, 5, 26, 23, 33, 4), datetime(2014, 2, 28, 13, 5, 13)],
+    ...     ],
+    ...     index=["Date", "Datetime"],
+    ...     columns=["X", "Y"],
+    ... )  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> with pd.ExcelWriter(
+    ...     "path_to_file.xlsx",
+    ...     date_format="YYYY-MM-DD",
+    ...     datetime_format="YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS"
+    ... ) as writer:
+    ...     df.to_excel(writer)  # doctest: +SKIP
+
+    You can also append to an existing Excel file:
+
+    >>> with pd.ExcelWriter("path_to_file.xlsx", mode="a", engine="openpyxl") as writer:
+    ...     df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="Sheet3")  # doctest: +SKIP
+
+    Here, the `if_sheet_exists` parameter can be set to replace a sheet if it
+    already exists:
+
+    >>> with ExcelWriter(
+    ...     "path_to_file.xlsx",
+    ...     mode="a",
+    ...     engine="openpyxl",
+    ...     if_sheet_exists="replace",
+    ... ) as writer:
+    ...     df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="Sheet1")  # doctest: +SKIP
+
+    You can also write multiple DataFrames to a single sheet. Note that the
+    ``if_sheet_exists`` parameter needs to be set to ``overlay``:
+
+    >>> with ExcelWriter("path_to_file.xlsx",
+    ...     mode="a",
+    ...     engine="openpyxl",
+    ...     if_sheet_exists="overlay",
+    ... ) as writer:
+    ...     df1.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="Sheet1")
+    ...     df2.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="Sheet1", startcol=3)  # doctest: +SKIP
+
+    You can store Excel file in RAM:
+
+    >>> import io
+    >>> df = pd.DataFrame([["ABC", "XYZ"]], columns=["Foo", "Bar"])
+    >>> buffer = io.BytesIO()
+    >>> with pd.ExcelWriter(buffer) as writer:
+    ...     df.to_excel(writer)
+
+    You can pack Excel file into zip archive:
+
+    >>> import zipfile  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> df = pd.DataFrame([["ABC", "XYZ"]], columns=["Foo", "Bar"])  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> with zipfile.ZipFile("path_to_file.zip", "w") as zf:
+    ...     with zf.open("filename.xlsx", "w") as buffer:
+    ...         with pd.ExcelWriter(buffer) as writer:
+    ...             df.to_excel(writer)  # doctest: +SKIP
+
+    You can specify additional arguments to the underlying engine:
+
+    >>> with pd.ExcelWriter(
+    ...     "path_to_file.xlsx",
+    ...     engine="xlsxwriter",
+    ...     engine_kwargs={{"options": {{"nan_inf_to_errors": True}}}}
+    ... ) as writer:
+    ...     df.to_excel(writer)  # doctest: +SKIP
+
+    In append mode, ``engine_kwargs`` are passed through to
+    openpyxl's ``load_workbook``:
+
+    >>> with pd.ExcelWriter(
+    ...     "path_to_file.xlsx",
+    ...     engine="openpyxl",
+    ...     mode="a",
+    ...     engine_kwargs={{"keep_vba": True}}
+    ... ) as writer:
+    ...     df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="Sheet2")  # doctest: +SKIP
+    """
+
+    # Defining an ExcelWriter implementation (see abstract methods for more...)
+
+    # - Mandatory
+    #   - ``write_cells(self, cells, sheet_name=None, startrow=0, startcol=0)``
+    #     --> called to write additional DataFrames to disk
+    #   - ``_supported_extensions`` (tuple of supported extensions), used to
+    #      check that engine supports the given extension.
+    #   - ``_engine`` - string that gives the engine name. Necessary to
+    #     instantiate class directly and bypass ``ExcelWriterMeta`` engine
+    #     lookup.
+    #   - ``save(self)`` --> called to save file to disk
+    # - Mostly mandatory (i.e. should at least exist)
+    #   - book, cur_sheet, path
+
+    # - Optional:
+    #   - ``__init__(self, path, engine=None, **kwargs)`` --> always called
+    #     with path as first argument.
+
+    # You also need to register the class with ``register_writer()``.
+    # Technically, ExcelWriter implementations don't need to subclass
+    # ExcelWriter.
+
+    _engine: str
+    _supported_extensions: tuple[str, ...]
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        path: FilePath | WriteExcelBuffer | ExcelWriter,
+        engine: str | None = None,
+        date_format: str | None = None,
+        datetime_format: str | None = None,
+        mode: str = "w",
+        storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+        if_sheet_exists: ExcelWriterIfSheetExists | None = None,
+        engine_kwargs: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        # only switch class if generic(ExcelWriter)
+        if cls is ExcelWriter:
+            if engine is None or (isinstance(engine, str) and engine == "auto"):
+                if isinstance(path, str):
+                    ext = os.path.splitext(path)[-1][1:]
+                else:
+                    ext = "xlsx"
+
+                try:
+                    engine = config.get_option(f"io.excel.{ext}.writer", silent=True)
+                    if engine == "auto":
+                        engine = get_default_engine(ext, mode="writer")
+                except KeyError as err:
+                    raise ValueError(f"No engine for filetype: '{ext}'") from err
+
+            # for mypy
+            assert engine is not None
+            #  error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type
+            #  "type[ExcelWriter[Any]]", variable has type "type[Self]")
+            cls = get_writer(engine)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    # declare external properties you can count on
+    _path = None
+
+    @property
+    def supported_extensions(self) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+        """Extensions that writer engine supports."""
+        return self._supported_extensions
+
+    @property
+    def engine(self) -> str:
+        """Name of engine."""
+        return self._engine
+
+    @property
+    def sheets(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Mapping of sheet names to sheet objects."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def book(self) -> _WorkbookT:
+        """
+        Book instance. Class type will depend on the engine used.
+
+        This attribute can be used to access engine-specific features.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _write_cells(
+        self,
+        cells,
+        sheet_name: str | None = None,
+        startrow: int = 0,
+        startcol: int = 0,
+        freeze_panes: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Write given formatted cells into Excel an excel sheet
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        cells : generator
+            cell of formatted data to save to Excel sheet
+        sheet_name : str, default None
+            Name of Excel sheet, if None, then use self.cur_sheet
+        startrow : upper left cell row to dump data frame
+        startcol : upper left cell column to dump data frame
+        freeze_panes: int tuple of length 2
+            contains the bottom-most row and right-most column to freeze
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _save(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Save workbook to disk.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: FilePath | WriteExcelBuffer | ExcelWriter,
+        engine: str | None = None,
+        date_format: str | None = None,
+        datetime_format: str | None = None,
+        mode: str = "w",
+        storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+        if_sheet_exists: ExcelWriterIfSheetExists | None = None,
+        engine_kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # validate that this engine can handle the extension
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            ext = os.path.splitext(path)[-1]
+            self.check_extension(ext)
+
+        # use mode to open the file
+        if "b" not in mode:
+            mode += "b"
+        # use "a" for the user to append data to excel but internally use "r+" to let
+        # the excel backend first read the existing file and then write any data to it
+        mode = mode.replace("a", "r+")
+
+        if if_sheet_exists not in (None, "error", "new", "replace", "overlay"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"'{if_sheet_exists}' is not valid for if_sheet_exists. "
+                "Valid options are 'error', 'new', 'replace' and 'overlay'."
+            )
+        if if_sheet_exists and "r+" not in mode:
+            raise ValueError("if_sheet_exists is only valid in append mode (mode='a')")
+        if if_sheet_exists is None:
+            if_sheet_exists = "error"
+        self._if_sheet_exists = if_sheet_exists
+
+        # cast ExcelWriter to avoid adding 'if self._handles is not None'
+        self._handles = IOHandles(
+            cast(IO[bytes], path), compression={"compression": None}
+        )
+        if not isinstance(path, ExcelWriter):
+            self._handles = get_handle(
+                path, mode, storage_options=storage_options, is_text=False
+            )
+        self._cur_sheet = None
+
+        if date_format is None:
+            self._date_format = "YYYY-MM-DD"
+        else:
+            self._date_format = date_format
+        if datetime_format is None:
+            self._datetime_format = "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS"
+        else:
+            self._datetime_format = datetime_format
+
+        self._mode = mode
+
+    @property
+    def date_format(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Format string for dates written into Excel files (e.g. 'YYYY-MM-DD').
+        """
+        return self._date_format
+
+    @property
+    def datetime_format(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Format string for dates written into Excel files (e.g. 'YYYY-MM-DD').
+        """
+        return self._datetime_format
+
+    @property
+    def if_sheet_exists(self) -> str:
+        """
+        How to behave when writing to a sheet that already exists in append mode.
+        """
+        return self._if_sheet_exists
+
+    def __fspath__(self) -> str:
+        return getattr(self._handles.handle, "name", "")
+
+    def _get_sheet_name(self, sheet_name: str | None) -> str:
+        if sheet_name is None:
+            sheet_name = self._cur_sheet
+        if sheet_name is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError("Must pass explicit sheet_name or set _cur_sheet property")
+        return sheet_name
+
+    def _value_with_fmt(
+        self, val
+    ) -> tuple[
+        int | float | bool | str | datetime.datetime | datetime.date, str | None
+    ]:
+        """
+        Convert numpy types to Python types for the Excel writers.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        val : object
+            Value to be written into cells
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Tuple with the first element being the converted value and the second
+            being an optional format
+        """
+        fmt = None
+
+        if is_integer(val):
+            val = int(val)
+        elif is_float(val):
+            val = float(val)
+        elif is_bool(val):
+            val = bool(val)
+        elif isinstance(val, datetime.datetime):
+            fmt = self._datetime_format
+        elif isinstance(val, datetime.date):
+            fmt = self._date_format
+        elif isinstance(val, datetime.timedelta):
+            val = val.total_seconds() / 86400
+            fmt = "0"
+        else:
+            val = str(val)
+
+        return val, fmt
+
+    @classmethod
+    def check_extension(cls, ext: str) -> Literal[True]:
+        """
+        checks that path's extension against the Writer's supported
+        extensions.  If it isn't supported, raises UnsupportedFiletypeError.
+        """
+        if ext.startswith("."):
+            ext = ext[1:]
+        if not any(ext in extension for extension in cls._supported_extensions):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid extension for engine '{cls.engine}': '{ext}'")
+        return True
+
+    # Allow use as a contextmanager
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """synonym for save, to make it more file-like"""
+        self._save()
+        self._handles.close()
+
+
+XLS_SIGNATURES = (
+    b"\x09\x00\x04\x00\x07\x00\x10\x00",  # BIFF2
+    b"\x09\x02\x06\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00",  # BIFF3
+    b"\x09\x04\x06\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00",  # BIFF4
+    b"\xD0\xCF\x11\xE0\xA1\xB1\x1A\xE1",  # Compound File Binary
+)
+ZIP_SIGNATURE = b"PK\x03\x04"
+PEEK_SIZE = max(map(len, XLS_SIGNATURES + (ZIP_SIGNATURE,)))
+
+
+@doc(storage_options=_shared_docs["storage_options"])
+def inspect_excel_format(
+    content_or_path: FilePath | ReadBuffer[bytes],
+    storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Inspect the path or content of an excel file and get its format.
+
+    Adopted from xlrd: https://github.com/python-excel/xlrd.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    content_or_path : str or file-like object
+        Path to file or content of file to inspect. May be a URL.
+    {storage_options}
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    str or None
+        Format of file if it can be determined.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If resulting stream is empty.
+    BadZipFile
+        If resulting stream does not have an XLS signature and is not a valid zipfile.
+    """
+    if isinstance(content_or_path, bytes):
+        content_or_path = BytesIO(content_or_path)
+
+    with get_handle(
+        content_or_path, "rb", storage_options=storage_options, is_text=False
+    ) as handle:
+        stream = handle.handle
+        stream.seek(0)
+        buf = stream.read(PEEK_SIZE)
+        if buf is None:
+            raise ValueError("stream is empty")
+        assert isinstance(buf, bytes)
+        peek = buf
+        stream.seek(0)
+
+        if any(peek.startswith(sig) for sig in XLS_SIGNATURES):
+            return "xls"
+        elif not peek.startswith(ZIP_SIGNATURE):
+            return None
+
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(stream) as zf:
+            # Workaround for some third party files that use forward slashes and
+            # lower case names.
+            component_names = [
+                name.replace("\\", "/").lower() for name in zf.namelist()
+            ]
+
+        if "xl/workbook.xml" in component_names:
+            return "xlsx"
+        if "xl/workbook.bin" in component_names:
+            return "xlsb"
+        if "content.xml" in component_names:
+            return "ods"
+        return "zip"
+
+
+class ExcelFile:
+    """
+    Class for parsing tabular Excel sheets into DataFrame objects.
+
+    See read_excel for more documentation.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    path_or_buffer : str, bytes, path object (pathlib.Path or py._path.local.LocalPath),
+        A file-like object, xlrd workbook or openpyxl workbook.
+        If a string or path object, expected to be a path to a
+        .xls, .xlsx, .xlsb, .xlsm, .odf, .ods, or .odt file.
+    engine : str, default None
+        If io is not a buffer or path, this must be set to identify io.
+        Supported engines: ``xlrd``, ``openpyxl``, ``odf``, ``pyxlsb``, ``calamine``
+        Engine compatibility :
+
+        - ``xlrd`` supports old-style Excel files (.xls).
+        - ``openpyxl`` supports newer Excel file formats.
+        - ``odf`` supports OpenDocument file formats (.odf, .ods, .odt).
+        - ``pyxlsb`` supports Binary Excel files.
+        - ``calamine`` supports Excel (.xls, .xlsx, .xlsm, .xlsb)
+          and OpenDocument (.ods) file formats.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.2.0
+
+           The engine `xlrd `_
+           now only supports old-style ``.xls`` files.
+           When ``engine=None``, the following logic will be
+           used to determine the engine:
+
+           - If ``path_or_buffer`` is an OpenDocument format (.odf, .ods, .odt),
+             then `odf `_ will be used.
+           - Otherwise if ``path_or_buffer`` is an xls format,
+             ``xlrd`` will be used.
+           - Otherwise if ``path_or_buffer`` is in xlsb format,
+             `pyxlsb `_ will be used.
+
+           .. versionadded:: 1.3.0
+
+           - Otherwise if `openpyxl `_ is installed,
+             then ``openpyxl`` will be used.
+           - Otherwise if ``xlrd >= 2.0`` is installed, a ``ValueError`` will be raised.
+
+           .. warning::
+
+            Please do not report issues when using ``xlrd`` to read ``.xlsx`` files.
+            This is not supported, switch to using ``openpyxl`` instead.
+    engine_kwargs : dict, optional
+        Arbitrary keyword arguments passed to excel engine.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> file = pd.ExcelFile('myfile.xlsx')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> with pd.ExcelFile("myfile.xls") as xls:  # doctest: +SKIP
+    ...     df1 = pd.read_excel(xls, "Sheet1")  # doctest: +SKIP
+    """
+
+    from pandas.io.excel._calamine import CalamineReader
+    from pandas.io.excel._odfreader import ODFReader
+    from pandas.io.excel._openpyxl import OpenpyxlReader
+    from pandas.io.excel._pyxlsb import PyxlsbReader
+    from pandas.io.excel._xlrd import XlrdReader
+
+    _engines: Mapping[str, Any] = {
+        "xlrd": XlrdReader,
+        "openpyxl": OpenpyxlReader,
+        "odf": ODFReader,
+        "pyxlsb": PyxlsbReader,
+        "calamine": CalamineReader,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path_or_buffer,
+        engine: str | None = None,
+        storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+        engine_kwargs: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if engine_kwargs is None:
+            engine_kwargs = {}
+
+        if engine is not None and engine not in self._engines:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown engine: {engine}")
+
+        # First argument can also be bytes, so create a buffer
+        if isinstance(path_or_buffer, bytes):
+            path_or_buffer = BytesIO(path_or_buffer)
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Passing bytes to 'read_excel' is deprecated and "
+                "will be removed in a future version. To read from a "
+                "byte string, wrap it in a `BytesIO` object.",
+                FutureWarning,
+                stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
+            )
+
+        # Could be a str, ExcelFile, Book, etc.
+        self.io = path_or_buffer
+        # Always a string
+        self._io = stringify_path(path_or_buffer)
+
+        # Determine xlrd version if installed
+        if import_optional_dependency("xlrd", errors="ignore") is None:
+            xlrd_version = None
+        else:
+            import xlrd
+
+            xlrd_version = Version(get_version(xlrd))
+
+        if engine is None:
+            # Only determine ext if it is needed
+            ext: str | None
+            if xlrd_version is not None and isinstance(path_or_buffer, xlrd.Book):
+                ext = "xls"
+            else:
+                ext = inspect_excel_format(
+                    content_or_path=path_or_buffer, storage_options=storage_options
+                )
+                if ext is None:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Excel file format cannot be determined, you must specify "
+                        "an engine manually."
+                    )
+
+            engine = config.get_option(f"io.excel.{ext}.reader", silent=True)
+            if engine == "auto":
+                engine = get_default_engine(ext, mode="reader")
+
+        assert engine is not None
+        self.engine = engine
+        self.storage_options = storage_options
+
+        self._reader = self._engines[engine](
+            self._io,
+            storage_options=storage_options,
+            engine_kwargs=engine_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def __fspath__(self):
+        return self._io
+
+    def parse(
+        self,
+        sheet_name: str | int | list[int] | list[str] | None = 0,
+        header: int | Sequence[int] | None = 0,
+        names: SequenceNotStr[Hashable] | range | None = None,
+        index_col: int | Sequence[int] | None = None,
+        usecols=None,
+        converters=None,
+        true_values: Iterable[Hashable] | None = None,
+        false_values: Iterable[Hashable] | None = None,
+        skiprows: Sequence[int] | int | Callable[[int], object] | None = None,
+        nrows: int | None = None,
+        na_values=None,
+        parse_dates: list | dict | bool = False,
+        date_parser: Callable | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
+        date_format: str | dict[Hashable, str] | None = None,
+        thousands: str | None = None,
+        comment: str | None = None,
+        skipfooter: int = 0,
+        dtype_backend: DtypeBackend | lib.NoDefault = lib.no_default,
+        **kwds,
+    ) -> DataFrame | dict[str, DataFrame] | dict[int, DataFrame]:
+        """
+        Parse specified sheet(s) into a DataFrame.
+
+        Equivalent to read_excel(ExcelFile, ...)  See the read_excel
+        docstring for more info on accepted parameters.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        DataFrame or dict of DataFrames
+            DataFrame from the passed in Excel file.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], columns=['A', 'B', 'C'])
+        >>> df.to_excel('myfile.xlsx')  # doctest: +SKIP
+        >>> file = pd.ExcelFile('myfile.xlsx')  # doctest: +SKIP
+        >>> file.parse()  # doctest: +SKIP
+        """
+        return self._reader.parse(
+            sheet_name=sheet_name,
+            header=header,
+            names=names,
+            index_col=index_col,
+            usecols=usecols,
+            converters=converters,
+            true_values=true_values,
+            false_values=false_values,
+            skiprows=skiprows,
+            nrows=nrows,
+            na_values=na_values,
+            parse_dates=parse_dates,
+            date_parser=date_parser,
+            date_format=date_format,
+            thousands=thousands,
+            comment=comment,
+            skipfooter=skipfooter,
+            dtype_backend=dtype_backend,
+            **kwds,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def book(self):
+        return self._reader.book
+
+    @property
+    def sheet_names(self):
+        return self._reader.sheet_names
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """close io if necessary"""
+        self._reader.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_calamine.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_calamine.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5259469f7a569a1913aa49635b3c14e89a18d157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_calamine.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import (
+    date,
+    datetime,
+    time,
+    timedelta,
+)
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pandas.compat._optional import import_optional_dependency
+from pandas.util._decorators import doc
+
+import pandas as pd
+from pandas.core.shared_docs import _shared_docs
+
+from pandas.io.excel._base import BaseExcelReader
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from python_calamine import (
+        CalamineSheet,
+        CalamineWorkbook,
+    )
+
+    from pandas._typing import (
+        FilePath,
+        NaTType,
+        ReadBuffer,
+        Scalar,
+        StorageOptions,
+    )
+
+_CellValue = Union[int, float, str, bool, time, date, datetime, timedelta]
+
+
+class CalamineReader(BaseExcelReader["CalamineWorkbook"]):
+    @doc(storage_options=_shared_docs["storage_options"])
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filepath_or_buffer: FilePath | ReadBuffer[bytes],
+        storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+        engine_kwargs: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Reader using calamine engine (xlsx/xls/xlsb/ods).
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        filepath_or_buffer : str, path to be parsed or
+            an open readable stream.
+        {storage_options}
+        engine_kwargs : dict, optional
+            Arbitrary keyword arguments passed to excel engine.
+        """
+        import_optional_dependency("python_calamine")
+        super().__init__(
+            filepath_or_buffer,
+            storage_options=storage_options,
+            engine_kwargs=engine_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _workbook_class(self) -> type[CalamineWorkbook]:
+        from python_calamine import CalamineWorkbook
+
+        return CalamineWorkbook
+
+    def load_workbook(
+        self, filepath_or_buffer: FilePath | ReadBuffer[bytes], engine_kwargs: Any
+    ) -> CalamineWorkbook:
+        from python_calamine import load_workbook
+
+        return load_workbook(filepath_or_buffer, **engine_kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def sheet_names(self) -> list[str]:
+        from python_calamine import SheetTypeEnum
+
+        return [
+            sheet.name
+            for sheet in self.book.sheets_metadata
+            if sheet.typ == SheetTypeEnum.WorkSheet
+        ]
+
+    def get_sheet_by_name(self, name: str) -> CalamineSheet:
+        self.raise_if_bad_sheet_by_name(name)
+        return self.book.get_sheet_by_name(name)
+
+    def get_sheet_by_index(self, index: int) -> CalamineSheet:
+        self.raise_if_bad_sheet_by_index(index)
+        return self.book.get_sheet_by_index(index)
+
+    def get_sheet_data(
+        self, sheet: CalamineSheet, file_rows_needed: int | None = None
+    ) -> list[list[Scalar | NaTType | time]]:
+        def _convert_cell(value: _CellValue) -> Scalar | NaTType | time:
+            if isinstance(value, float):
+                val = int(value)
+                if val == value:
+                    return val
+                else:
+                    return value
+            elif isinstance(value, date):
+                return pd.Timestamp(value)
+            elif isinstance(value, timedelta):
+                return pd.Timedelta(value)
+            elif isinstance(value, time):
+                return value
+
+            return value
+
+        rows: list[list[_CellValue]] = sheet.to_python(
+            skip_empty_area=False, nrows=file_rows_needed
+        )
+        data = [[_convert_cell(cell) for cell in row] for row in rows]
+
+        return data
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_odfreader.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_odfreader.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69b514da32857119f048a25f647d1002315a9889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_odfreader.py
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    cast,
+)
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from pandas._typing import (
+    FilePath,
+    ReadBuffer,
+    Scalar,
+    StorageOptions,
+)
+from pandas.compat._optional import import_optional_dependency
+from pandas.util._decorators import doc
+
+import pandas as pd
+from pandas.core.shared_docs import _shared_docs
+
+from pandas.io.excel._base import BaseExcelReader
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from odf.opendocument import OpenDocument
+
+    from pandas._libs.tslibs.nattype import NaTType
+
+
+@doc(storage_options=_shared_docs["storage_options"])
+class ODFReader(BaseExcelReader["OpenDocument"]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filepath_or_buffer: FilePath | ReadBuffer[bytes],
+        storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+        engine_kwargs: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Read tables out of OpenDocument formatted files.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        filepath_or_buffer : str, path to be parsed or
+            an open readable stream.
+        {storage_options}
+        engine_kwargs : dict, optional
+            Arbitrary keyword arguments passed to excel engine.
+        """
+        import_optional_dependency("odf")
+        super().__init__(
+            filepath_or_buffer,
+            storage_options=storage_options,
+            engine_kwargs=engine_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _workbook_class(self) -> type[OpenDocument]:
+        from odf.opendocument import OpenDocument
+
+        return OpenDocument
+
+    def load_workbook(
+        self, filepath_or_buffer: FilePath | ReadBuffer[bytes], engine_kwargs
+    ) -> OpenDocument:
+        from odf.opendocument import load
+
+        return load(filepath_or_buffer, **engine_kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def empty_value(self) -> str:
+        """Property for compat with other readers."""
+        return ""
+
+    @property
+    def sheet_names(self) -> list[str]:
+        """Return a list of sheet names present in the document"""
+        from odf.table import Table
+
+        tables = self.book.getElementsByType(Table)
+        return [t.getAttribute("name") for t in tables]
+
+    def get_sheet_by_index(self, index: int):
+        from odf.table import Table
+
+        self.raise_if_bad_sheet_by_index(index)
+        tables = self.book.getElementsByType(Table)
+        return tables[index]
+
+    def get_sheet_by_name(self, name: str):
+        from odf.table import Table
+
+        self.raise_if_bad_sheet_by_name(name)
+        tables = self.book.getElementsByType(Table)
+
+        for table in tables:
+            if table.getAttribute("name") == name:
+                return table
+
+        self.close()
+        raise ValueError(f"sheet {name} not found")
+
+    def get_sheet_data(
+        self, sheet, file_rows_needed: int | None = None
+    ) -> list[list[Scalar | NaTType]]:
+        """
+        Parse an ODF Table into a list of lists
+        """
+        from odf.table import (
+            CoveredTableCell,
+            TableCell,
+            TableRow,
+        )
+
+        covered_cell_name = CoveredTableCell().qname
+        table_cell_name = TableCell().qname
+        cell_names = {covered_cell_name, table_cell_name}
+
+        sheet_rows = sheet.getElementsByType(TableRow)
+        empty_rows = 0
+        max_row_len = 0
+
+        table: list[list[Scalar | NaTType]] = []
+
+        for sheet_row in sheet_rows:
+            sheet_cells = [
+                x
+                for x in sheet_row.childNodes
+                if hasattr(x, "qname") and x.qname in cell_names
+            ]
+            empty_cells = 0
+            table_row: list[Scalar | NaTType] = []
+
+            for sheet_cell in sheet_cells:
+                if sheet_cell.qname == table_cell_name:
+                    value = self._get_cell_value(sheet_cell)
+                else:
+                    value = self.empty_value
+
+                column_repeat = self._get_column_repeat(sheet_cell)
+
+                # Queue up empty values, writing only if content succeeds them
+                if value == self.empty_value:
+                    empty_cells += column_repeat
+                else:
+                    table_row.extend([self.empty_value] * empty_cells)
+                    empty_cells = 0
+                    table_row.extend([value] * column_repeat)
+
+            if max_row_len < len(table_row):
+                max_row_len = len(table_row)
+
+            row_repeat = self._get_row_repeat(sheet_row)
+            if len(table_row) == 0:
+                empty_rows += row_repeat
+            else:
+                # add blank rows to our table
+                table.extend([[self.empty_value]] * empty_rows)
+                empty_rows = 0
+                table.extend(table_row for _ in range(row_repeat))
+            if file_rows_needed is not None and len(table) >= file_rows_needed:
+                break
+
+        # Make our table square
+        for row in table:
+            if len(row) < max_row_len:
+                row.extend([self.empty_value] * (max_row_len - len(row)))
+
+        return table
+
+    def _get_row_repeat(self, row) -> int:
+        """
+        Return number of times this row was repeated
+        Repeating an empty row appeared to be a common way
+        of representing sparse rows in the table.
+        """
+        from odf.namespaces import TABLENS
+
+        return int(row.attributes.get((TABLENS, "number-rows-repeated"), 1))
+
+    def _get_column_repeat(self, cell) -> int:
+        from odf.namespaces import TABLENS
+
+        return int(cell.attributes.get((TABLENS, "number-columns-repeated"), 1))
+
+    def _get_cell_value(self, cell) -> Scalar | NaTType:
+        from odf.namespaces import OFFICENS
+
+        if str(cell) == "#N/A":
+            return np.nan
+
+        cell_type = cell.attributes.get((OFFICENS, "value-type"))
+        if cell_type == "boolean":
+            if str(cell) == "TRUE":
+                return True
+            return False
+        if cell_type is None:
+            return self.empty_value
+        elif cell_type == "float":
+            # GH5394
+            cell_value = float(cell.attributes.get((OFFICENS, "value")))
+            val = int(cell_value)
+            if val == cell_value:
+                return val
+            return cell_value
+        elif cell_type == "percentage":
+            cell_value = cell.attributes.get((OFFICENS, "value"))
+            return float(cell_value)
+        elif cell_type == "string":
+            return self._get_cell_string_value(cell)
+        elif cell_type == "currency":
+            cell_value = cell.attributes.get((OFFICENS, "value"))
+            return float(cell_value)
+        elif cell_type == "date":
+            cell_value = cell.attributes.get((OFFICENS, "date-value"))
+            return pd.Timestamp(cell_value)
+        elif cell_type == "time":
+            stamp = pd.Timestamp(str(cell))
+            # cast needed here because Scalar doesn't include datetime.time
+            return cast(Scalar, stamp.time())
+        else:
+            self.close()
+            raise ValueError(f"Unrecognized type {cell_type}")
+
+    def _get_cell_string_value(self, cell) -> str:
+        """
+        Find and decode OpenDocument text:s tags that represent
+        a run length encoded sequence of space characters.
+        """
+        from odf.element import Element
+        from odf.namespaces import TEXTNS
+        from odf.office import Annotation
+        from odf.text import S
+
+        office_annotation = Annotation().qname
+        text_s = S().qname
+
+        value = []
+
+        for fragment in cell.childNodes:
+            if isinstance(fragment, Element):
+                if fragment.qname == text_s:
+                    spaces = int(fragment.attributes.get((TEXTNS, "c"), 1))
+                    value.append(" " * spaces)
+                elif fragment.qname == office_annotation:
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    # recursive impl needed in case of nested fragments
+                    # with multiple spaces
+                    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/36175#discussion_r484639704
+                    value.append(self._get_cell_string_value(fragment))
+            else:
+                value.append(str(fragment).strip("\n"))
+        return "".join(value)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_odswriter.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_odswriter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc7dca2d95b6b434279f8290fdf929e737f75459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_odswriter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+import datetime
+import json
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    DefaultDict,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from pandas.io.excel._base import ExcelWriter
+from pandas.io.excel._util import (
+    combine_kwargs,
+    validate_freeze_panes,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pandas._typing import (
+        ExcelWriterIfSheetExists,
+        FilePath,
+        StorageOptions,
+        WriteExcelBuffer,
+    )
+
+    from pandas.io.formats.excel import ExcelCell
+
+
+class ODSWriter(ExcelWriter):
+    _engine = "odf"
+    _supported_extensions = (".ods",)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: FilePath | WriteExcelBuffer | ExcelWriter,
+        engine: str | None = None,
+        date_format: str | None = None,
+        datetime_format=None,
+        mode: str = "w",
+        storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+        if_sheet_exists: ExcelWriterIfSheetExists | None = None,
+        engine_kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> None:
+        from odf.opendocument import OpenDocumentSpreadsheet
+
+        if mode == "a":
+            raise ValueError("Append mode is not supported with odf!")
+
+        engine_kwargs = combine_kwargs(engine_kwargs, kwargs)
+        self._book = OpenDocumentSpreadsheet(**engine_kwargs)
+
+        super().__init__(
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            storage_options=storage_options,
+            if_sheet_exists=if_sheet_exists,
+            engine_kwargs=engine_kwargs,
+        )
+
+        self._style_dict: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+    @property
+    def book(self):
+        """
+        Book instance of class odf.opendocument.OpenDocumentSpreadsheet.
+
+        This attribute can be used to access engine-specific features.
+        """
+        return self._book
+
+    @property
+    def sheets(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Mapping of sheet names to sheet objects."""
+        from odf.table import Table
+
+        result = {
+            sheet.getAttribute("name"): sheet
+            for sheet in self.book.getElementsByType(Table)
+        }
+        return result
+
+    def _save(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Save workbook to disk.
+        """
+        for sheet in self.sheets.values():
+            self.book.spreadsheet.addElement(sheet)
+        self.book.save(self._handles.handle)
+
+    def _write_cells(
+        self,
+        cells: list[ExcelCell],
+        sheet_name: str | None = None,
+        startrow: int = 0,
+        startcol: int = 0,
+        freeze_panes: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Write the frame cells using odf
+        """
+        from odf.table import (
+            Table,
+            TableCell,
+            TableRow,
+        )
+        from odf.text import P
+
+        sheet_name = self._get_sheet_name(sheet_name)
+        assert sheet_name is not None
+
+        if sheet_name in self.sheets:
+            wks = self.sheets[sheet_name]
+        else:
+            wks = Table(name=sheet_name)
+            self.book.spreadsheet.addElement(wks)
+
+        if validate_freeze_panes(freeze_panes):
+            freeze_panes = cast(tuple[int, int], freeze_panes)
+            self._create_freeze_panes(sheet_name, freeze_panes)
+
+        for _ in range(startrow):
+            wks.addElement(TableRow())
+
+        rows: DefaultDict = defaultdict(TableRow)
+        col_count: DefaultDict = defaultdict(int)
+
+        for cell in sorted(cells, key=lambda cell: (cell.row, cell.col)):
+            # only add empty cells if the row is still empty
+            if not col_count[cell.row]:
+                for _ in range(startcol):
+                    rows[cell.row].addElement(TableCell())
+
+            # fill with empty cells if needed
+            for _ in range(cell.col - col_count[cell.row]):
+                rows[cell.row].addElement(TableCell())
+                col_count[cell.row] += 1
+
+            pvalue, tc = self._make_table_cell(cell)
+            rows[cell.row].addElement(tc)
+            col_count[cell.row] += 1
+            p = P(text=pvalue)
+            tc.addElement(p)
+
+        # add all rows to the sheet
+        if len(rows) > 0:
+            for row_nr in range(max(rows.keys()) + 1):
+                wks.addElement(rows[row_nr])
+
+    def _make_table_cell_attributes(self, cell) -> dict[str, int | str]:
+        """Convert cell attributes to OpenDocument attributes
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        cell : ExcelCell
+            Spreadsheet cell data
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        attributes : Dict[str, Union[int, str]]
+            Dictionary with attributes and attribute values
+        """
+        attributes: dict[str, int | str] = {}
+        style_name = self._process_style(cell.style)
+        if style_name is not None:
+            attributes["stylename"] = style_name
+        if cell.mergestart is not None and cell.mergeend is not None:
+            attributes["numberrowsspanned"] = max(1, cell.mergestart)
+            attributes["numbercolumnsspanned"] = cell.mergeend
+        return attributes
+
+    def _make_table_cell(self, cell) -> tuple[object, Any]:
+        """Convert cell data to an OpenDocument spreadsheet cell
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        cell : ExcelCell
+            Spreadsheet cell data
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        pvalue, cell : Tuple[str, TableCell]
+            Display value, Cell value
+        """
+        from odf.table import TableCell
+
+        attributes = self._make_table_cell_attributes(cell)
+        val, fmt = self._value_with_fmt(cell.val)
+        pvalue = value = val
+        if isinstance(val, bool):
+            value = str(val).lower()
+            pvalue = str(val).upper()
+            return (
+                pvalue,
+                TableCell(
+                    valuetype="boolean",
+                    booleanvalue=value,
+                    attributes=attributes,
+                ),
+            )
+        elif isinstance(val, datetime.datetime):
+            # Fast formatting
+            value = val.isoformat()
+            # Slow but locale-dependent
+            pvalue = val.strftime("%c")
+            return (
+                pvalue,
+                TableCell(valuetype="date", datevalue=value, attributes=attributes),
+            )
+        elif isinstance(val, datetime.date):
+            # Fast formatting
+            value = f"{val.year}-{val.month:02d}-{val.day:02d}"
+            # Slow but locale-dependent
+            pvalue = val.strftime("%x")
+            return (
+                pvalue,
+                TableCell(valuetype="date", datevalue=value, attributes=attributes),
+            )
+        elif isinstance(val, str):
+            return (
+                pvalue,
+                TableCell(
+                    valuetype="string",
+                    stringvalue=value,
+                    attributes=attributes,
+                ),
+            )
+        else:
+            return (
+                pvalue,
+                TableCell(
+                    valuetype="float",
+                    value=value,
+                    attributes=attributes,
+                ),
+            )
+
+    @overload
+    def _process_style(self, style: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def _process_style(self, style: None) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    def _process_style(self, style: dict[str, Any] | None) -> str | None:
+        """Convert a style dictionary to a OpenDocument style sheet
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        style : Dict
+            Style dictionary
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        style_key : str
+            Unique style key for later reference in sheet
+        """
+        from odf.style import (
+            ParagraphProperties,
+            Style,
+            TableCellProperties,
+            TextProperties,
+        )
+
+        if style is None:
+            return None
+        style_key = json.dumps(style)
+        if style_key in self._style_dict:
+            return self._style_dict[style_key]
+        name = f"pd{len(self._style_dict)+1}"
+        self._style_dict[style_key] = name
+        odf_style = Style(name=name, family="table-cell")
+        if "font" in style:
+            font = style["font"]
+            if font.get("bold", False):
+                odf_style.addElement(TextProperties(fontweight="bold"))
+        if "borders" in style:
+            borders = style["borders"]
+            for side, thickness in borders.items():
+                thickness_translation = {"thin": "0.75pt solid #000000"}
+                odf_style.addElement(
+                    TableCellProperties(
+                        attributes={f"border{side}": thickness_translation[thickness]}
+                    )
+                )
+        if "alignment" in style:
+            alignment = style["alignment"]
+            horizontal = alignment.get("horizontal")
+            if horizontal:
+                odf_style.addElement(ParagraphProperties(textalign=horizontal))
+            vertical = alignment.get("vertical")
+            if vertical:
+                odf_style.addElement(TableCellProperties(verticalalign=vertical))
+        self.book.styles.addElement(odf_style)
+        return name
+
+    def _create_freeze_panes(
+        self, sheet_name: str, freeze_panes: tuple[int, int]
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create freeze panes in the sheet.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        sheet_name : str
+            Name of the spreadsheet
+        freeze_panes : tuple of (int, int)
+            Freeze pane location x and y
+        """
+        from odf.config import (
+            ConfigItem,
+            ConfigItemMapEntry,
+            ConfigItemMapIndexed,
+            ConfigItemMapNamed,
+            ConfigItemSet,
+        )
+
+        config_item_set = ConfigItemSet(name="ooo:view-settings")
+        self.book.settings.addElement(config_item_set)
+
+        config_item_map_indexed = ConfigItemMapIndexed(name="Views")
+        config_item_set.addElement(config_item_map_indexed)
+
+        config_item_map_entry = ConfigItemMapEntry()
+        config_item_map_indexed.addElement(config_item_map_entry)
+
+        config_item_map_named = ConfigItemMapNamed(name="Tables")
+        config_item_map_entry.addElement(config_item_map_named)
+
+        config_item_map_entry = ConfigItemMapEntry(name=sheet_name)
+        config_item_map_named.addElement(config_item_map_entry)
+
+        config_item_map_entry.addElement(
+            ConfigItem(name="HorizontalSplitMode", type="short", text="2")
+        )
+        config_item_map_entry.addElement(
+            ConfigItem(name="VerticalSplitMode", type="short", text="2")
+        )
+        config_item_map_entry.addElement(
+            ConfigItem(
+                name="HorizontalSplitPosition", type="int", text=str(freeze_panes[0])
+            )
+        )
+        config_item_map_entry.addElement(
+            ConfigItem(
+                name="VerticalSplitPosition", type="int", text=str(freeze_panes[1])
+            )
+        )
+        config_item_map_entry.addElement(
+            ConfigItem(name="PositionRight", type="int", text=str(freeze_panes[0]))
+        )
+        config_item_map_entry.addElement(
+            ConfigItem(name="PositionBottom", type="int", text=str(freeze_panes[1]))
+        )
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_openpyxl.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_openpyxl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c546443868a62aed062bf3fd41d80933e4fbc59e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_openpyxl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,639 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import mmap
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    cast,
+)
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from pandas.compat._optional import import_optional_dependency
+from pandas.util._decorators import doc
+
+from pandas.core.shared_docs import _shared_docs
+
+from pandas.io.excel._base import (
+    BaseExcelReader,
+    ExcelWriter,
+)
+from pandas.io.excel._util import (
+    combine_kwargs,
+    validate_freeze_panes,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from openpyxl import Workbook
+    from openpyxl.descriptors.serialisable import Serialisable
+
+    from pandas._typing import (
+        ExcelWriterIfSheetExists,
+        FilePath,
+        ReadBuffer,
+        Scalar,
+        StorageOptions,
+        WriteExcelBuffer,
+    )
+
+
+class OpenpyxlWriter(ExcelWriter):
+    _engine = "openpyxl"
+    _supported_extensions = (".xlsx", ".xlsm")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: FilePath | WriteExcelBuffer | ExcelWriter,
+        engine: str | None = None,
+        date_format: str | None = None,
+        datetime_format: str | None = None,
+        mode: str = "w",
+        storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+        if_sheet_exists: ExcelWriterIfSheetExists | None = None,
+        engine_kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Use the openpyxl module as the Excel writer.
+        from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook
+
+        engine_kwargs = combine_kwargs(engine_kwargs, kwargs)
+
+        super().__init__(
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            storage_options=storage_options,
+            if_sheet_exists=if_sheet_exists,
+            engine_kwargs=engine_kwargs,
+        )
+
+        # ExcelWriter replaced "a" by "r+" to allow us to first read the excel file from
+        # the file and later write to it
+        if "r+" in self._mode:  # Load from existing workbook
+            from openpyxl import load_workbook
+
+            try:
+                self._book = load_workbook(self._handles.handle, **engine_kwargs)
+            except TypeError:
+                self._handles.handle.close()
+                raise
+            self._handles.handle.seek(0)
+        else:
+            # Create workbook object with default optimized_write=True.
+            try:
+                self._book = Workbook(**engine_kwargs)
+            except TypeError:
+                self._handles.handle.close()
+                raise
+
+            if self.book.worksheets:
+                self.book.remove(self.book.worksheets[0])
+
+    @property
+    def book(self) -> Workbook:
+        """
+        Book instance of class openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.
+
+        This attribute can be used to access engine-specific features.
+        """
+        return self._book
+
+    @property
+    def sheets(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Mapping of sheet names to sheet objects."""
+        result = {name: self.book[name] for name in self.book.sheetnames}
+        return result
+
+    def _save(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Save workbook to disk.
+        """
+        self.book.save(self._handles.handle)
+        if "r+" in self._mode and not isinstance(self._handles.handle, mmap.mmap):
+            # truncate file to the written content
+            self._handles.handle.truncate()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _convert_to_style_kwargs(cls, style_dict: dict) -> dict[str, Serialisable]:
+        """
+        Convert a style_dict to a set of kwargs suitable for initializing
+        or updating-on-copy an openpyxl v2 style object.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        style_dict : dict
+            A dict with zero or more of the following keys (or their synonyms).
+                'font'
+                'fill'
+                'border' ('borders')
+                'alignment'
+                'number_format'
+                'protection'
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        style_kwargs : dict
+            A dict with the same, normalized keys as ``style_dict`` but each
+            value has been replaced with a native openpyxl style object of the
+            appropriate class.
+        """
+        _style_key_map = {"borders": "border"}
+
+        style_kwargs: dict[str, Serialisable] = {}
+        for k, v in style_dict.items():
+            k = _style_key_map.get(k, k)
+            _conv_to_x = getattr(cls, f"_convert_to_{k}", lambda x: None)
+            new_v = _conv_to_x(v)
+            if new_v:
+                style_kwargs[k] = new_v
+
+        return style_kwargs
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _convert_to_color(cls, color_spec):
+        """
+        Convert ``color_spec`` to an openpyxl v2 Color object.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        color_spec : str, dict
+            A 32-bit ARGB hex string, or a dict with zero or more of the
+            following keys.
+                'rgb'
+                'indexed'
+                'auto'
+                'theme'
+                'tint'
+                'index'
+                'type'
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        color : openpyxl.styles.Color
+        """
+        from openpyxl.styles import Color
+
+        if isinstance(color_spec, str):
+            return Color(color_spec)
+        else:
+            return Color(**color_spec)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _convert_to_font(cls, font_dict):
+        """
+        Convert ``font_dict`` to an openpyxl v2 Font object.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        font_dict : dict
+            A dict with zero or more of the following keys (or their synonyms).
+                'name'
+                'size' ('sz')
+                'bold' ('b')
+                'italic' ('i')
+                'underline' ('u')
+                'strikethrough' ('strike')
+                'color'
+                'vertAlign' ('vertalign')
+                'charset'
+                'scheme'
+                'family'
+                'outline'
+                'shadow'
+                'condense'
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        font : openpyxl.styles.Font
+        """
+        from openpyxl.styles import Font
+
+        _font_key_map = {
+            "sz": "size",
+            "b": "bold",
+            "i": "italic",
+            "u": "underline",
+            "strike": "strikethrough",
+            "vertalign": "vertAlign",
+        }
+
+        font_kwargs = {}
+        for k, v in font_dict.items():
+            k = _font_key_map.get(k, k)
+            if k == "color":
+                v = cls._convert_to_color(v)
+            font_kwargs[k] = v
+
+        return Font(**font_kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _convert_to_stop(cls, stop_seq):
+        """
+        Convert ``stop_seq`` to a list of openpyxl v2 Color objects,
+        suitable for initializing the ``GradientFill`` ``stop`` parameter.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        stop_seq : iterable
+            An iterable that yields objects suitable for consumption by
+            ``_convert_to_color``.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        stop : list of openpyxl.styles.Color
+        """
+        return map(cls._convert_to_color, stop_seq)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _convert_to_fill(cls, fill_dict: dict[str, Any]):
+        """
+        Convert ``fill_dict`` to an openpyxl v2 Fill object.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fill_dict : dict
+            A dict with one or more of the following keys (or their synonyms),
+                'fill_type' ('patternType', 'patterntype')
+                'start_color' ('fgColor', 'fgcolor')
+                'end_color' ('bgColor', 'bgcolor')
+            or one or more of the following keys (or their synonyms).
+                'type' ('fill_type')
+                'degree'
+                'left'
+                'right'
+                'top'
+                'bottom'
+                'stop'
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        fill : openpyxl.styles.Fill
+        """
+        from openpyxl.styles import (
+            GradientFill,
+            PatternFill,
+        )
+
+        _pattern_fill_key_map = {
+            "patternType": "fill_type",
+            "patterntype": "fill_type",
+            "fgColor": "start_color",
+            "fgcolor": "start_color",
+            "bgColor": "end_color",
+            "bgcolor": "end_color",
+        }
+
+        _gradient_fill_key_map = {"fill_type": "type"}
+
+        pfill_kwargs = {}
+        gfill_kwargs = {}
+        for k, v in fill_dict.items():
+            pk = _pattern_fill_key_map.get(k)
+            gk = _gradient_fill_key_map.get(k)
+            if pk in ["start_color", "end_color"]:
+                v = cls._convert_to_color(v)
+            if gk == "stop":
+                v = cls._convert_to_stop(v)
+            if pk:
+                pfill_kwargs[pk] = v
+            elif gk:
+                gfill_kwargs[gk] = v
+            else:
+                pfill_kwargs[k] = v
+                gfill_kwargs[k] = v
+
+        try:
+            return PatternFill(**pfill_kwargs)
+        except TypeError:
+            return GradientFill(**gfill_kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _convert_to_side(cls, side_spec):
+        """
+        Convert ``side_spec`` to an openpyxl v2 Side object.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        side_spec : str, dict
+            A string specifying the border style, or a dict with zero or more
+            of the following keys (or their synonyms).
+                'style' ('border_style')
+                'color'
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        side : openpyxl.styles.Side
+        """
+        from openpyxl.styles import Side
+
+        _side_key_map = {"border_style": "style"}
+
+        if isinstance(side_spec, str):
+            return Side(style=side_spec)
+
+        side_kwargs = {}
+        for k, v in side_spec.items():
+            k = _side_key_map.get(k, k)
+            if k == "color":
+                v = cls._convert_to_color(v)
+            side_kwargs[k] = v
+
+        return Side(**side_kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _convert_to_border(cls, border_dict):
+        """
+        Convert ``border_dict`` to an openpyxl v2 Border object.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        border_dict : dict
+            A dict with zero or more of the following keys (or their synonyms).
+                'left'
+                'right'
+                'top'
+                'bottom'
+                'diagonal'
+                'diagonal_direction'
+                'vertical'
+                'horizontal'
+                'diagonalUp' ('diagonalup')
+                'diagonalDown' ('diagonaldown')
+                'outline'
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        border : openpyxl.styles.Border
+        """
+        from openpyxl.styles import Border
+
+        _border_key_map = {"diagonalup": "diagonalUp", "diagonaldown": "diagonalDown"}
+
+        border_kwargs = {}
+        for k, v in border_dict.items():
+            k = _border_key_map.get(k, k)
+            if k == "color":
+                v = cls._convert_to_color(v)
+            if k in ["left", "right", "top", "bottom", "diagonal"]:
+                v = cls._convert_to_side(v)
+            border_kwargs[k] = v
+
+        return Border(**border_kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _convert_to_alignment(cls, alignment_dict):
+        """
+        Convert ``alignment_dict`` to an openpyxl v2 Alignment object.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        alignment_dict : dict
+            A dict with zero or more of the following keys (or their synonyms).
+                'horizontal'
+                'vertical'
+                'text_rotation'
+                'wrap_text'
+                'shrink_to_fit'
+                'indent'
+        Returns
+        -------
+        alignment : openpyxl.styles.Alignment
+        """
+        from openpyxl.styles import Alignment
+
+        return Alignment(**alignment_dict)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _convert_to_number_format(cls, number_format_dict):
+        """
+        Convert ``number_format_dict`` to an openpyxl v2.1.0 number format
+        initializer.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        number_format_dict : dict
+            A dict with zero or more of the following keys.
+                'format_code' : str
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        number_format : str
+        """
+        return number_format_dict["format_code"]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _convert_to_protection(cls, protection_dict):
+        """
+        Convert ``protection_dict`` to an openpyxl v2 Protection object.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        protection_dict : dict
+            A dict with zero or more of the following keys.
+                'locked'
+                'hidden'
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        """
+        from openpyxl.styles import Protection
+
+        return Protection(**protection_dict)
+
+    def _write_cells(
+        self,
+        cells,
+        sheet_name: str | None = None,
+        startrow: int = 0,
+        startcol: int = 0,
+        freeze_panes: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Write the frame cells using openpyxl.
+        sheet_name = self._get_sheet_name(sheet_name)
+
+        _style_cache: dict[str, dict[str, Serialisable]] = {}
+
+        if sheet_name in self.sheets and self._if_sheet_exists != "new":
+            if "r+" in self._mode:
+                if self._if_sheet_exists == "replace":
+                    old_wks = self.sheets[sheet_name]
+                    target_index = self.book.index(old_wks)
+                    del self.book[sheet_name]
+                    wks = self.book.create_sheet(sheet_name, target_index)
+                elif self._if_sheet_exists == "error":
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Sheet '{sheet_name}' already exists and "
+                        f"if_sheet_exists is set to 'error'."
+                    )
+                elif self._if_sheet_exists == "overlay":
+                    wks = self.sheets[sheet_name]
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"'{self._if_sheet_exists}' is not valid for if_sheet_exists. "
+                        "Valid options are 'error', 'new', 'replace' and 'overlay'."
+                    )
+            else:
+                wks = self.sheets[sheet_name]
+        else:
+            wks = self.book.create_sheet()
+            wks.title = sheet_name
+
+        if validate_freeze_panes(freeze_panes):
+            freeze_panes = cast(tuple[int, int], freeze_panes)
+            wks.freeze_panes = wks.cell(
+                row=freeze_panes[0] + 1, column=freeze_panes[1] + 1
+            )
+
+        for cell in cells:
+            xcell = wks.cell(
+                row=startrow + cell.row + 1, column=startcol + cell.col + 1
+            )
+            xcell.value, fmt = self._value_with_fmt(cell.val)
+            if fmt:
+                xcell.number_format = fmt
+
+            style_kwargs: dict[str, Serialisable] | None = {}
+            if cell.style:
+                key = str(cell.style)
+                style_kwargs = _style_cache.get(key)
+                if style_kwargs is None:
+                    style_kwargs = self._convert_to_style_kwargs(cell.style)
+                    _style_cache[key] = style_kwargs
+
+            if style_kwargs:
+                for k, v in style_kwargs.items():
+                    setattr(xcell, k, v)
+
+            if cell.mergestart is not None and cell.mergeend is not None:
+                wks.merge_cells(
+                    start_row=startrow + cell.row + 1,
+                    start_column=startcol + cell.col + 1,
+                    end_column=startcol + cell.mergeend + 1,
+                    end_row=startrow + cell.mergestart + 1,
+                )
+
+                # When cells are merged only the top-left cell is preserved
+                # The behaviour of the other cells in a merged range is
+                # undefined
+                if style_kwargs:
+                    first_row = startrow + cell.row + 1
+                    last_row = startrow + cell.mergestart + 1
+                    first_col = startcol + cell.col + 1
+                    last_col = startcol + cell.mergeend + 1
+
+                    for row in range(first_row, last_row + 1):
+                        for col in range(first_col, last_col + 1):
+                            if row == first_row and col == first_col:
+                                # Ignore first cell. It is already handled.
+                                continue
+                            xcell = wks.cell(column=col, row=row)
+                            for k, v in style_kwargs.items():
+                                setattr(xcell, k, v)
+
+
+class OpenpyxlReader(BaseExcelReader["Workbook"]):
+    @doc(storage_options=_shared_docs["storage_options"])
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filepath_or_buffer: FilePath | ReadBuffer[bytes],
+        storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+        engine_kwargs: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Reader using openpyxl engine.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        filepath_or_buffer : str, path object or Workbook
+            Object to be parsed.
+        {storage_options}
+        engine_kwargs : dict, optional
+            Arbitrary keyword arguments passed to excel engine.
+        """
+        import_optional_dependency("openpyxl")
+        super().__init__(
+            filepath_or_buffer,
+            storage_options=storage_options,
+            engine_kwargs=engine_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _workbook_class(self) -> type[Workbook]:
+        from openpyxl import Workbook
+
+        return Workbook
+
+    def load_workbook(
+        self, filepath_or_buffer: FilePath | ReadBuffer[bytes], engine_kwargs
+    ) -> Workbook:
+        from openpyxl import load_workbook
+
+        default_kwargs = {"read_only": True, "data_only": True, "keep_links": False}
+
+        return load_workbook(
+            filepath_or_buffer,
+            **(default_kwargs | engine_kwargs),
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def sheet_names(self) -> list[str]:
+        return [sheet.title for sheet in self.book.worksheets]
+
+    def get_sheet_by_name(self, name: str):
+        self.raise_if_bad_sheet_by_name(name)
+        return self.book[name]
+
+    def get_sheet_by_index(self, index: int):
+        self.raise_if_bad_sheet_by_index(index)
+        return self.book.worksheets[index]
+
+    def _convert_cell(self, cell) -> Scalar:
+        from openpyxl.cell.cell import (
+            TYPE_ERROR,
+            TYPE_NUMERIC,
+        )
+
+        if cell.value is None:
+            return ""  # compat with xlrd
+        elif cell.data_type == TYPE_ERROR:
+            return np.nan
+        elif cell.data_type == TYPE_NUMERIC:
+            val = int(cell.value)
+            if val == cell.value:
+                return val
+            return float(cell.value)
+
+        return cell.value
+
+    def get_sheet_data(
+        self, sheet, file_rows_needed: int | None = None
+    ) -> list[list[Scalar]]:
+        if self.book.read_only:
+            sheet.reset_dimensions()
+
+        data: list[list[Scalar]] = []
+        last_row_with_data = -1
+        for row_number, row in enumerate(sheet.rows):
+            converted_row = [self._convert_cell(cell) for cell in row]
+            while converted_row and converted_row[-1] == "":
+                # trim trailing empty elements
+                converted_row.pop()
+            if converted_row:
+                last_row_with_data = row_number
+            data.append(converted_row)
+            if file_rows_needed is not None and len(data) >= file_rows_needed:
+                break
+
+        # Trim trailing empty rows
+        data = data[: last_row_with_data + 1]
+
+        if len(data) > 0:
+            # extend rows to max width
+            max_width = max(len(data_row) for data_row in data)
+            if min(len(data_row) for data_row in data) < max_width:
+                empty_cell: list[Scalar] = [""]
+                data = [
+                    data_row + (max_width - len(data_row)) * empty_cell
+                    for data_row in data
+                ]
+
+        return data
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_pyxlsb.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_pyxlsb.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6e42616c20438fa4cab16e94b5d16a01c9c61df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_pyxlsb.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# pyright: reportMissingImports=false
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from pandas.compat._optional import import_optional_dependency
+from pandas.util._decorators import doc
+
+from pandas.core.shared_docs import _shared_docs
+
+from pandas.io.excel._base import BaseExcelReader
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pyxlsb import Workbook
+
+    from pandas._typing import (
+        FilePath,
+        ReadBuffer,
+        Scalar,
+        StorageOptions,
+    )
+
+
+class PyxlsbReader(BaseExcelReader["Workbook"]):
+    @doc(storage_options=_shared_docs["storage_options"])
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filepath_or_buffer: FilePath | ReadBuffer[bytes],
+        storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None,
+        engine_kwargs: dict | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Reader using pyxlsb engine.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        filepath_or_buffer : str, path object, or Workbook
+            Object to be parsed.
+        {storage_options}
+        engine_kwargs : dict, optional
+            Arbitrary keyword arguments passed to excel engine.
+        """
+        import_optional_dependency("pyxlsb")
+        # This will call load_workbook on the filepath or buffer
+        # And set the result to the book-attribute
+        super().__init__(
+            filepath_or_buffer,
+            storage_options=storage_options,
+            engine_kwargs=engine_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _workbook_class(self) -> type[Workbook]:
+        from pyxlsb import Workbook
+
+        return Workbook
+
+    def load_workbook(
+        self, filepath_or_buffer: FilePath | ReadBuffer[bytes], engine_kwargs
+    ) -> Workbook:
+        from pyxlsb import open_workbook
+
+        # TODO: hack in buffer capability
+        # This might need some modifications to the Pyxlsb library
+        # Actual work for opening it is in xlsbpackage.py, line 20-ish
+
+        return open_workbook(filepath_or_buffer, **engine_kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def sheet_names(self) -> list[str]:
+        return self.book.sheets
+
+    def get_sheet_by_name(self, name: str):
+        self.raise_if_bad_sheet_by_name(name)
+        return self.book.get_sheet(name)
+
+    def get_sheet_by_index(self, index: int):
+        self.raise_if_bad_sheet_by_index(index)
+        # pyxlsb sheets are indexed from 1 onwards
+        # There's a fix for this in the source, but the pypi package doesn't have it
+        return self.book.get_sheet(index + 1)
+
+    def _convert_cell(self, cell) -> Scalar:
+        # TODO: there is no way to distinguish between floats and datetimes in pyxlsb
+        # This means that there is no way to read datetime types from an xlsb file yet
+        if cell.v is None:
+            return ""  # Prevents non-named columns from not showing up as Unnamed: i
+        if isinstance(cell.v, float):
+            val = int(cell.v)
+            if val == cell.v:
+                return val
+            else:
+                return float(cell.v)
+
+        return cell.v
+
+    def get_sheet_data(
+        self,
+        sheet,
+        file_rows_needed: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[list[Scalar]]:
+        data: list[list[Scalar]] = []
+        previous_row_number = -1
+        # When sparse=True the rows can have different lengths and empty rows are
+        # not returned. The cells are namedtuples of row, col, value (r, c, v).
+        for row in sheet.rows(sparse=True):
+            row_number = row[0].r
+            converted_row = [self._convert_cell(cell) for cell in row]
+            while converted_row and converted_row[-1] == "":
+                # trim trailing empty elements
+                converted_row.pop()
+            if converted_row:
+                data.extend([[]] * (row_number - previous_row_number - 1))
+                data.append(converted_row)
+                previous_row_number = row_number
+            if file_rows_needed is not None and len(data) >= file_rows_needed:
+                break
+        if data:
+            # extend rows to max_width
+            max_width = max(len(data_row) for data_row in data)
+            if min(len(data_row) for data_row in data) < max_width:
+                empty_cell: list[Scalar] = [""]
+                data = [
+                    data_row + (max_width - len(data_row)) * empty_cell
+                    for data_row in data
+                ]
+        return data
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_util.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f7a1fcb8052e391d0853be64866663f4e6de9d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import (
+    Hashable,
+    Iterable,
+    MutableMapping,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Literal,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from pandas.compat._optional import import_optional_dependency
+
+from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
+    is_integer,
+    is_list_like,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pandas.io.excel._base import ExcelWriter
+
+    ExcelWriter_t = type[ExcelWriter]
+    usecols_func = TypeVar("usecols_func", bound=Callable[[Hashable], object])
+
+_writers: MutableMapping[str, ExcelWriter_t] = {}
+
+
+def register_writer(klass: ExcelWriter_t) -> None:
+    """
+    Add engine to the excel writer registry.io.excel.
+
+    You must use this method to integrate with ``to_excel``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    klass : ExcelWriter
+    """
+    if not callable(klass):
+        raise ValueError("Can only register callables as engines")
+    engine_name = klass._engine
+    _writers[engine_name] = klass
+
+
+def get_default_engine(ext: str, mode: Literal["reader", "writer"] = "reader") -> str:
+    """
+    Return the default reader/writer for the given extension.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ext : str
+        The excel file extension for which to get the default engine.
+    mode : str {'reader', 'writer'}
+        Whether to get the default engine for reading or writing.
+        Either 'reader' or 'writer'
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    str
+        The default engine for the extension.
+    """
+    _default_readers = {
+        "xlsx": "openpyxl",
+        "xlsm": "openpyxl",
+        "xlsb": "pyxlsb",
+        "xls": "xlrd",
+        "ods": "odf",
+    }
+    _default_writers = {
+        "xlsx": "openpyxl",
+        "xlsm": "openpyxl",
+        "xlsb": "pyxlsb",
+        "ods": "odf",
+    }
+    assert mode in ["reader", "writer"]
+    if mode == "writer":
+        # Prefer xlsxwriter over openpyxl if installed
+        xlsxwriter = import_optional_dependency("xlsxwriter", errors="warn")
+        if xlsxwriter:
+            _default_writers["xlsx"] = "xlsxwriter"
+        return _default_writers[ext]
+    else:
+        return _default_readers[ext]
+
+
+def get_writer(engine_name: str) -> ExcelWriter_t:
+    try:
+        return _writers[engine_name]
+    except KeyError as err:
+        raise ValueError(f"No Excel writer '{engine_name}'") from err
+
+
+def _excel2num(x: str) -> int:
+    """
+    Convert Excel column name like 'AB' to 0-based column index.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x : str
+        The Excel column name to convert to a 0-based column index.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    num : int
+        The column index corresponding to the name.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        Part of the Excel column name was invalid.
+    """
+    index = 0
+
+    for c in x.upper().strip():
+        cp = ord(c)
+
+        if cp < ord("A") or cp > ord("Z"):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid column name: {x}")
+
+        index = index * 26 + cp - ord("A") + 1
+
+    return index - 1
+
+
+def _range2cols(areas: str) -> list[int]:
+    """
+    Convert comma separated list of column names and ranges to indices.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    areas : str
+        A string containing a sequence of column ranges (or areas).
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    cols : list
+        A list of 0-based column indices.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> _range2cols('A:E')
+    [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+    >>> _range2cols('A,C,Z:AB')
+    [0, 2, 25, 26, 27]
+    """
+    cols: list[int] = []
+
+    for rng in areas.split(","):
+        if ":" in rng:
+            rngs = rng.split(":")
+            cols.extend(range(_excel2num(rngs[0]), _excel2num(rngs[1]) + 1))
+        else:
+            cols.append(_excel2num(rng))
+
+    return cols
+
+
+@overload
+def maybe_convert_usecols(usecols: str | list[int]) -> list[int]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def maybe_convert_usecols(usecols: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def maybe_convert_usecols(usecols: usecols_func) -> usecols_func:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def maybe_convert_usecols(usecols: None) -> None:
+    ...
+
+
+def maybe_convert_usecols(
+    usecols: str | list[int] | list[str] | usecols_func | None,
+) -> None | list[int] | list[str] | usecols_func:
+    """
+    Convert `usecols` into a compatible format for parsing in `parsers.py`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    usecols : object
+        The use-columns object to potentially convert.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    converted : object
+        The compatible format of `usecols`.
+    """
+    if usecols is None:
+        return usecols
+
+    if is_integer(usecols):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Passing an integer for `usecols` is no longer supported.  "
+            "Please pass in a list of int from 0 to `usecols` inclusive instead."
+        )
+
+    if isinstance(usecols, str):
+        return _range2cols(usecols)
+
+    return usecols
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_freeze_panes(freeze_panes: tuple[int, int]) -> Literal[True]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_freeze_panes(freeze_panes: None) -> Literal[False]:
+    ...
+
+
+def validate_freeze_panes(freeze_panes: tuple[int, int] | None) -> bool:
+    if freeze_panes is not None:
+        if len(freeze_panes) == 2 and all(
+            isinstance(item, int) for item in freeze_panes
+        ):
+            return True
+
+        raise ValueError(
+            "freeze_panes must be of form (row, column) "
+            "where row and column are integers"
+        )
+
+    # freeze_panes wasn't specified, return False so it won't be applied
+    # to output sheet
+    return False
+
+
+def fill_mi_header(
+    row: list[Hashable], control_row: list[bool]
+) -> tuple[list[Hashable], list[bool]]:
+    """
+    Forward fill blank entries in row but only inside the same parent index.
+
+    Used for creating headers in Multiindex.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    row : list
+        List of items in a single row.
+    control_row : list of bool
+        Helps to determine if particular column is in same parent index as the
+        previous value. Used to stop propagation of empty cells between
+        different indexes.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Returns changed row and control_row
+    """
+    last = row[0]
+    for i in range(1, len(row)):
+        if not control_row[i]:
+            last = row[i]
+
+        if row[i] == "" or row[i] is None:
+            row[i] = last
+        else:
+            control_row[i] = False
+            last = row[i]
+
+    return row, control_row
+
+
+def pop_header_name(
+    row: list[Hashable], index_col: int | Sequence[int]
+) -> tuple[Hashable | None, list[Hashable]]:
+    """
+    Pop the header name for MultiIndex parsing.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    row : list
+        The data row to parse for the header name.
+    index_col : int, list
+        The index columns for our data. Assumed to be non-null.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    header_name : str
+        The extracted header name.
+    trimmed_row : list
+        The original data row with the header name removed.
+    """
+    # Pop out header name and fill w/blank.
+    if is_list_like(index_col):
+        assert isinstance(index_col, Iterable)
+        i = max(index_col)
+    else:
+        assert not isinstance(index_col, Iterable)
+        i = index_col
+
+    header_name = row[i]
+    header_name = None if header_name == "" else header_name
+
+    return header_name, row[:i] + [""] + row[i + 1 :]
+
+
+def combine_kwargs(engine_kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None, kwargs: dict) -> dict:
+    """
+    Used to combine two sources of kwargs for the backend engine.
+
+    Use of kwargs is deprecated, this function is solely for use in 1.3 and should
+    be removed in 1.4/2.0. Also _base.ExcelWriter.__new__ ensures either engine_kwargs
+    or kwargs must be None or empty respectively.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    engine_kwargs: dict
+        kwargs to be passed through to the engine.
+    kwargs: dict
+        kwargs to be psased through to the engine (deprecated)
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    engine_kwargs combined with kwargs
+    """
+    if engine_kwargs is None:
+        result = {}
+    else:
+        result = engine_kwargs.copy()
+    result.update(kwargs)
+    return result
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diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_arithmetic.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_arithmetic.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..603763227cb888cb716692ddb82d206ba6812c90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_arithmetic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+from datetime import timedelta
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import (
+    Interval,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestIntervalArithmetic:
+    def test_interval_add(self, closed):
+        interval = Interval(0, 1, closed=closed)
+        expected = Interval(1, 2, closed=closed)
+
+        result = interval + 1
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = 1 + interval
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = interval
+        result += 1
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for \+"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval + interval
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval + "foo"
+
+    def test_interval_sub(self, closed):
+        interval = Interval(0, 1, closed=closed)
+        expected = Interval(-1, 0, closed=closed)
+
+        result = interval - 1
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = interval
+        result -= 1
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for -"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval - interval
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval - "foo"
+
+    def test_interval_mult(self, closed):
+        interval = Interval(0, 1, closed=closed)
+        expected = Interval(0, 2, closed=closed)
+
+        result = interval * 2
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = 2 * interval
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = interval
+        result *= 2
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for \*"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval * interval
+
+        msg = r"can\'t multiply sequence by non-int"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval * "foo"
+
+    def test_interval_div(self, closed):
+        interval = Interval(0, 1, closed=closed)
+        expected = Interval(0, 0.5, closed=closed)
+
+        result = interval / 2.0
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = interval
+        result /= 2.0
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for /"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval / interval
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval / "foo"
+
+    def test_interval_floordiv(self, closed):
+        interval = Interval(1, 2, closed=closed)
+        expected = Interval(0, 1, closed=closed)
+
+        result = interval // 2
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = interval
+        result //= 2
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for //"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval // interval
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval // "foo"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["__add__", "__sub__"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "interval",
+        [
+            Interval(
+                Timestamp("2017-01-01 00:00:00"), Timestamp("2018-01-01 00:00:00")
+            ),
+            Interval(Timedelta(days=7), Timedelta(days=14)),
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "delta", [Timedelta(days=7), timedelta(7), np.timedelta64(7, "D")]
+    )
+    def test_time_interval_add_subtract_timedelta(self, interval, delta, method):
+        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/32023
+        result = getattr(interval, method)(delta)
+        left = getattr(interval.left, method)(delta)
+        right = getattr(interval.right, method)(delta)
+        expected = Interval(left, right)
+
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("interval", [Interval(1, 2), Interval(1.0, 2.0)])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "delta", [Timedelta(days=7), timedelta(7), np.timedelta64(7, "D")]
+    )
+    def test_numeric_interval_add_timedelta_raises(self, interval, delta):
+        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/32023
+        msg = "|".join(
+            [
+                "unsupported operand",
+                "cannot use operands",
+                "Only numeric, Timestamp and Timedelta endpoints are allowed",
+            ]
+        )
+        with pytest.raises((TypeError, ValueError), match=msg):
+            interval + delta
+
+        with pytest.raises((TypeError, ValueError), match=msg):
+            delta + interval
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("klass", [timedelta, np.timedelta64, Timedelta])
+    def test_timedelta_add_timestamp_interval(self, klass):
+        delta = klass(0)
+        expected = Interval(Timestamp("2020-01-01"), Timestamp("2020-02-01"))
+
+        result = delta + expected
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = expected + delta
+        assert result == expected
+
+
+class TestIntervalComparisons:
+    def test_interval_equal(self):
+        assert Interval(0, 1) == Interval(0, 1, closed="right")
+        assert Interval(0, 1) != Interval(0, 1, closed="left")
+        assert Interval(0, 1) != 0
+
+    def test_interval_comparison(self):
+        msg = (
+            "'<' not supported between instances of "
+            "'pandas._libs.interval.Interval' and 'int'"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Interval(0, 1) < 2
+
+        assert Interval(0, 1) < Interval(1, 2)
+        assert Interval(0, 1) < Interval(0, 2)
+        assert Interval(0, 1) < Interval(0.5, 1.5)
+        assert Interval(0, 1) <= Interval(0, 1)
+        assert Interval(0, 1) > Interval(-1, 2)
+        assert Interval(0, 1) >= Interval(0, 1)
+
+    def test_equality_comparison_broadcasts_over_array(self):
+        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/35931
+        interval = Interval(0, 1)
+        arr = np.array([interval, interval])
+        result = interval == arr
+        expected = np.array([True, True])
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_constructors.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_constructors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4bc00b923434f8d62c8332b3104696051fd287e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_constructors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import (
+    Interval,
+    Period,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+
+
+class TestIntervalConstructors:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "left, right",
+        [
+            ("a", "z"),
+            (("a", "b"), ("c", "d")),
+            (list("AB"), list("ab")),
+            (Interval(0, 1), Interval(1, 2)),
+            (Period("2018Q1", freq="Q"), Period("2018Q1", freq="Q")),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_construct_errors(self, left, right):
+        # GH#23013
+        msg = "Only numeric, Timestamp and Timedelta endpoints are allowed"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Interval(left, right)
+
+    def test_constructor_errors(self):
+        msg = "invalid option for 'closed': foo"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Interval(0, 1, closed="foo")
+
+        msg = "left side of interval must be <= right side"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Interval(1, 0)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "tz_left, tz_right", [(None, "UTC"), ("UTC", None), ("UTC", "US/Eastern")]
+    )
+    def test_constructor_errors_tz(self, tz_left, tz_right):
+        # GH#18538
+        left = Timestamp("2017-01-01", tz=tz_left)
+        right = Timestamp("2017-01-02", tz=tz_right)
+
+        if tz_left is None or tz_right is None:
+            error = TypeError
+            msg = "Cannot compare tz-naive and tz-aware timestamps"
+        else:
+            error = ValueError
+            msg = "left and right must have the same time zone"
+        with pytest.raises(error, match=msg):
+            Interval(left, right)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_contains.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_contains.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8dfca117a658b2a163ef35699c903ad14a032062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_contains.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import (
+    Interval,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+
+
+class TestContains:
+    def test_contains(self):
+        interval = Interval(0, 1)
+        assert 0.5 in interval
+        assert 1 in interval
+        assert 0 not in interval
+
+        interval_both = Interval(0, 1, "both")
+        assert 0 in interval_both
+        assert 1 in interval_both
+
+        interval_neither = Interval(0, 1, closed="neither")
+        assert 0 not in interval_neither
+        assert 0.5 in interval_neither
+        assert 1 not in interval_neither
+
+    def test_contains_interval(self, inclusive_endpoints_fixture):
+        interval1 = Interval(0, 1, "both")
+        interval2 = Interval(0, 1, inclusive_endpoints_fixture)
+        assert interval1 in interval1
+        assert interval2 in interval2
+        assert interval2 in interval1
+        assert interval1 not in interval2 or inclusive_endpoints_fixture == "both"
+
+    def test_contains_infinite_length(self):
+        interval1 = Interval(0, 1, "both")
+        interval2 = Interval(float("-inf"), float("inf"), "neither")
+        assert interval1 in interval2
+        assert interval2 not in interval1
+
+    def test_contains_zero_length(self):
+        interval1 = Interval(0, 1, "both")
+        interval2 = Interval(-1, -1, "both")
+        interval3 = Interval(0.5, 0.5, "both")
+        assert interval2 not in interval1
+        assert interval3 in interval1
+        assert interval2 not in interval3 and interval3 not in interval2
+        assert interval1 not in interval2 and interval1 not in interval3
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "type1",
+        [
+            (0, 1),
+            (Timestamp(2000, 1, 1, 0), Timestamp(2000, 1, 1, 1)),
+            (Timedelta("0h"), Timedelta("1h")),
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "type2",
+        [
+            (0, 1),
+            (Timestamp(2000, 1, 1, 0), Timestamp(2000, 1, 1, 1)),
+            (Timedelta("0h"), Timedelta("1h")),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_contains_mixed_types(self, type1, type2):
+        interval1 = Interval(*type1)
+        interval2 = Interval(*type2)
+        if type1 == type2:
+            assert interval1 in interval2
+        else:
+            msg = "^'<=' not supported between instances of"
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                interval1 in interval2
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_formats.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_formats.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6bf7aa91df3cebc41712c611aaa3781b638009d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_formats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from pandas import Interval
+
+
+def test_interval_repr():
+    interval = Interval(0, 1)
+    assert repr(interval) == "Interval(0, 1, closed='right')"
+    assert str(interval) == "(0, 1]"
+
+    interval_left = Interval(0, 1, closed="left")
+    assert repr(interval_left) == "Interval(0, 1, closed='left')"
+    assert str(interval_left) == "[0, 1)"
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_interval.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_interval.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91b31e82f9c524f87e2849360cfd44b2f77b0c9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_interval.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import (
+    Interval,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def interval():
+    return Interval(0, 1)
+
+
+class TestInterval:
+    def test_properties(self, interval):
+        assert interval.closed == "right"
+        assert interval.left == 0
+        assert interval.right == 1
+        assert interval.mid == 0.5
+
+    def test_hash(self, interval):
+        # should not raise
+        hash(interval)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "left, right, expected",
+        [
+            (0, 5, 5),
+            (-2, 5.5, 7.5),
+            (10, 10, 0),
+            (10, np.inf, np.inf),
+            (-np.inf, -5, np.inf),
+            (-np.inf, np.inf, np.inf),
+            (Timedelta("0 days"), Timedelta("5 days"), Timedelta("5 days")),
+            (Timedelta("10 days"), Timedelta("10 days"), Timedelta("0 days")),
+            (Timedelta("1h10min"), Timedelta("5h5min"), Timedelta("3h55min")),
+            (Timedelta("5s"), Timedelta("1h"), Timedelta("59min55s")),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_length(self, left, right, expected):
+        # GH 18789
+        iv = Interval(left, right)
+        result = iv.length
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "left, right, expected",
+        [
+            ("2017-01-01", "2017-01-06", "5 days"),
+            ("2017-01-01", "2017-01-01 12:00:00", "12 hours"),
+            ("2017-01-01 12:00", "2017-01-01 12:00:00", "0 days"),
+            ("2017-01-01 12:01", "2017-01-05 17:31:00", "4 days 5 hours 30 min"),
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", (None, "UTC", "CET", "US/Eastern"))
+    def test_length_timestamp(self, tz, left, right, expected):
+        # GH 18789
+        iv = Interval(Timestamp(left, tz=tz), Timestamp(right, tz=tz))
+        result = iv.length
+        expected = Timedelta(expected)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "left, right",
+        [
+            (0, 1),
+            (Timedelta("0 days"), Timedelta("1 day")),
+            (Timestamp("2018-01-01"), Timestamp("2018-01-02")),
+            (
+                Timestamp("2018-01-01", tz="US/Eastern"),
+                Timestamp("2018-01-02", tz="US/Eastern"),
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_is_empty(self, left, right, closed):
+        # GH27219
+        # non-empty always return False
+        iv = Interval(left, right, closed)
+        assert iv.is_empty is False
+
+        # same endpoint is empty except when closed='both' (contains one point)
+        iv = Interval(left, left, closed)
+        result = iv.is_empty
+        expected = closed != "both"
+        assert result is expected
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_overlaps.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_overlaps.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7fcf59d7bb4afc0077884de68dc335aff25c2cc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/interval/test_overlaps.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import (
+    Interval,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(
+    params=[
+        (Timedelta("0 days"), Timedelta("1 day")),
+        (Timestamp("2018-01-01"), Timedelta("1 day")),
+        (0, 1),
+    ],
+    ids=lambda x: type(x[0]).__name__,
+)
+def start_shift(request):
+    """
+    Fixture for generating intervals of types from a start value and a shift
+    value that can be added to start to generate an endpoint
+    """
+    return request.param
+
+
+class TestOverlaps:
+    def test_overlaps_self(self, start_shift, closed):
+        start, shift = start_shift
+        interval = Interval(start, start + shift, closed)
+        assert interval.overlaps(interval)
+
+    def test_overlaps_nested(self, start_shift, closed, other_closed):
+        start, shift = start_shift
+        interval1 = Interval(start, start + 3 * shift, other_closed)
+        interval2 = Interval(start + shift, start + 2 * shift, closed)
+
+        # nested intervals should always overlap
+        assert interval1.overlaps(interval2)
+
+    def test_overlaps_disjoint(self, start_shift, closed, other_closed):
+        start, shift = start_shift
+        interval1 = Interval(start, start + shift, other_closed)
+        interval2 = Interval(start + 2 * shift, start + 3 * shift, closed)
+
+        # disjoint intervals should never overlap
+        assert not interval1.overlaps(interval2)
+
+    def test_overlaps_endpoint(self, start_shift, closed, other_closed):
+        start, shift = start_shift
+        interval1 = Interval(start, start + shift, other_closed)
+        interval2 = Interval(start + shift, start + 2 * shift, closed)
+
+        # overlap if shared endpoint is closed for both (overlap at a point)
+        result = interval1.overlaps(interval2)
+        expected = interval1.closed_right and interval2.closed_left
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "other",
+        [10, True, "foo", Timedelta("1 day"), Timestamp("2018-01-01")],
+        ids=lambda x: type(x).__name__,
+    )
+    def test_overlaps_invalid_type(self, other):
+        interval = Interval(0, 1)
+        msg = f"`other` must be an Interval, got {type(other).__name__}"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            interval.overlaps(other)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/test_arithmetic.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/test_arithmetic.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5dc0858de466c136dd186f35505226aa5208de70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/test_arithmetic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+from datetime import timedelta
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.period import IncompatibleFrequency
+
+from pandas import (
+    NaT,
+    Period,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+    offsets,
+)
+
+
+class TestPeriodArithmetic:
+    def test_add_overflow_raises(self):
+        # GH#55503
+        per = Timestamp.max.to_period("ns")
+
+        msg = "|".join(
+            [
+                "Python int too large to convert to C long",
+                # windows, 32bit linux builds
+                "int too big to convert",
+            ]
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=msg):
+            per + 1
+
+        msg = "value too large"
+        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=msg):
+            per + Timedelta(1)
+        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=msg):
+            per + offsets.Nano(1)
+
+    def test_period_add_integer(self):
+        per1 = Period(freq="D", year=2008, month=1, day=1)
+        per2 = Period(freq="D", year=2008, month=1, day=2)
+        assert per1 + 1 == per2
+        assert 1 + per1 == per2
+
+    def test_period_add_invalid(self):
+        # GH#4731
+        per1 = Period(freq="D", year=2008, month=1, day=1)
+        per2 = Period(freq="D", year=2008, month=1, day=2)
+
+        msg = "|".join(
+            [
+                r"unsupported operand type\(s\)",
+                "can only concatenate str",
+                "must be str, not Period",
+            ]
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            per1 + "str"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            "str" + per1
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            per1 + per2
+
+    def test_period_sub_period_annual(self):
+        left, right = Period("2011", freq="Y"), Period("2007", freq="Y")
+        result = left - right
+        assert result == 4 * right.freq
+
+        msg = r"Input has different freq=M from Period\(freq=Y-DEC\)"
+        with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+            left - Period("2007-01", freq="M")
+
+    def test_period_sub_period(self):
+        per1 = Period("2011-01-01", freq="D")
+        per2 = Period("2011-01-15", freq="D")
+
+        off = per1.freq
+        assert per1 - per2 == -14 * off
+        assert per2 - per1 == 14 * off
+
+        msg = r"Input has different freq=M from Period\(freq=D\)"
+        with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+            per1 - Period("2011-02", freq="M")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("n", [1, 2, 3, 4])
+    def test_sub_n_gt_1_ticks(self, tick_classes, n):
+        # GH#23878
+        p1 = Period("19910905", freq=tick_classes(n))
+        p2 = Period("19920406", freq=tick_classes(n))
+
+        expected = Period(str(p2), freq=p2.freq.base) - Period(
+            str(p1), freq=p1.freq.base
+        )
+
+        assert (p2 - p1) == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("normalize", [True, False])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("n", [1, 2, 3, 4])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "offset, kwd_name",
+        [
+            (offsets.YearEnd, "month"),
+            (offsets.QuarterEnd, "startingMonth"),
+            (offsets.MonthEnd, None),
+            (offsets.Week, "weekday"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_sub_n_gt_1_offsets(self, offset, kwd_name, n, normalize):
+        # GH#23878
+        kwds = {kwd_name: 3} if kwd_name is not None else {}
+        p1_d = "19910905"
+        p2_d = "19920406"
+        p1 = Period(p1_d, freq=offset(n, normalize, **kwds))
+        p2 = Period(p2_d, freq=offset(n, normalize, **kwds))
+
+        expected = Period(p2_d, freq=p2.freq.base) - Period(p1_d, freq=p1.freq.base)
+
+        assert (p2 - p1) == expected
+
+    def test_period_add_offset(self):
+        # freq is DateOffset
+        for freq in ["Y", "2Y", "3Y"]:
+            per = Period("2011", freq=freq)
+            exp = Period("2013", freq=freq)
+            assert per + offsets.YearEnd(2) == exp
+            assert offsets.YearEnd(2) + per == exp
+
+            for off in [
+                offsets.YearBegin(2),
+                offsets.MonthBegin(1),
+                offsets.Minute(),
+                np.timedelta64(365, "D"),
+                timedelta(365),
+            ]:
+                msg = "Input has different freq|Input cannot be converted to Period"
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    per + off
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    off + per
+
+        for freq in ["M", "2M", "3M"]:
+            per = Period("2011-03", freq=freq)
+            exp = Period("2011-05", freq=freq)
+            assert per + offsets.MonthEnd(2) == exp
+            assert offsets.MonthEnd(2) + per == exp
+
+            exp = Period("2012-03", freq=freq)
+            assert per + offsets.MonthEnd(12) == exp
+            assert offsets.MonthEnd(12) + per == exp
+
+            msg = "|".join(
+                [
+                    "Input has different freq",
+                    "Input cannot be converted to Period",
+                ]
+            )
+
+            for off in [
+                offsets.YearBegin(2),
+                offsets.MonthBegin(1),
+                offsets.Minute(),
+                np.timedelta64(365, "D"),
+                timedelta(365),
+            ]:
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    per + off
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    off + per
+
+        # freq is Tick
+        for freq in ["D", "2D", "3D"]:
+            per = Period("2011-04-01", freq=freq)
+
+            exp = Period("2011-04-06", freq=freq)
+            assert per + offsets.Day(5) == exp
+            assert offsets.Day(5) + per == exp
+
+            exp = Period("2011-04-02", freq=freq)
+            assert per + offsets.Hour(24) == exp
+            assert offsets.Hour(24) + per == exp
+
+            exp = Period("2011-04-03", freq=freq)
+            assert per + np.timedelta64(2, "D") == exp
+            assert np.timedelta64(2, "D") + per == exp
+
+            exp = Period("2011-04-02", freq=freq)
+            assert per + np.timedelta64(3600 * 24, "s") == exp
+            assert np.timedelta64(3600 * 24, "s") + per == exp
+
+            exp = Period("2011-03-30", freq=freq)
+            assert per + timedelta(-2) == exp
+            assert timedelta(-2) + per == exp
+
+            exp = Period("2011-04-03", freq=freq)
+            assert per + timedelta(hours=48) == exp
+            assert timedelta(hours=48) + per == exp
+
+            msg = "|".join(
+                [
+                    "Input has different freq",
+                    "Input cannot be converted to Period",
+                ]
+            )
+
+            for off in [
+                offsets.YearBegin(2),
+                offsets.MonthBegin(1),
+                offsets.Minute(),
+                np.timedelta64(4, "h"),
+                timedelta(hours=23),
+            ]:
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    per + off
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    off + per
+
+        for freq in ["h", "2h", "3h"]:
+            per = Period("2011-04-01 09:00", freq=freq)
+
+            exp = Period("2011-04-03 09:00", freq=freq)
+            assert per + offsets.Day(2) == exp
+            assert offsets.Day(2) + per == exp
+
+            exp = Period("2011-04-01 12:00", freq=freq)
+            assert per + offsets.Hour(3) == exp
+            assert offsets.Hour(3) + per == exp
+
+            msg = "cannot use operands with types"
+            exp = Period("2011-04-01 12:00", freq=freq)
+            assert per + np.timedelta64(3, "h") == exp
+            assert np.timedelta64(3, "h") + per == exp
+
+            exp = Period("2011-04-01 10:00", freq=freq)
+            assert per + np.timedelta64(3600, "s") == exp
+            assert np.timedelta64(3600, "s") + per == exp
+
+            exp = Period("2011-04-01 11:00", freq=freq)
+            assert per + timedelta(minutes=120) == exp
+            assert timedelta(minutes=120) + per == exp
+
+            exp = Period("2011-04-05 12:00", freq=freq)
+            assert per + timedelta(days=4, minutes=180) == exp
+            assert timedelta(days=4, minutes=180) + per == exp
+
+            msg = "|".join(
+                [
+                    "Input has different freq",
+                    "Input cannot be converted to Period",
+                ]
+            )
+
+            for off in [
+                offsets.YearBegin(2),
+                offsets.MonthBegin(1),
+                offsets.Minute(),
+                np.timedelta64(3200, "s"),
+                timedelta(hours=23, minutes=30),
+            ]:
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    per + off
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    off + per
+
+    def test_period_sub_offset(self):
+        # freq is DateOffset
+        msg = "|".join(
+            [
+                "Input has different freq",
+                "Input cannot be converted to Period",
+            ]
+        )
+
+        for freq in ["Y", "2Y", "3Y"]:
+            per = Period("2011", freq=freq)
+            assert per - offsets.YearEnd(2) == Period("2009", freq=freq)
+
+            for off in [
+                offsets.YearBegin(2),
+                offsets.MonthBegin(1),
+                offsets.Minute(),
+                np.timedelta64(365, "D"),
+                timedelta(365),
+            ]:
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    per - off
+
+        for freq in ["M", "2M", "3M"]:
+            per = Period("2011-03", freq=freq)
+            assert per - offsets.MonthEnd(2) == Period("2011-01", freq=freq)
+            assert per - offsets.MonthEnd(12) == Period("2010-03", freq=freq)
+
+            for off in [
+                offsets.YearBegin(2),
+                offsets.MonthBegin(1),
+                offsets.Minute(),
+                np.timedelta64(365, "D"),
+                timedelta(365),
+            ]:
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    per - off
+
+        # freq is Tick
+        for freq in ["D", "2D", "3D"]:
+            per = Period("2011-04-01", freq=freq)
+            assert per - offsets.Day(5) == Period("2011-03-27", freq=freq)
+            assert per - offsets.Hour(24) == Period("2011-03-31", freq=freq)
+            assert per - np.timedelta64(2, "D") == Period("2011-03-30", freq=freq)
+            assert per - np.timedelta64(3600 * 24, "s") == Period(
+                "2011-03-31", freq=freq
+            )
+            assert per - timedelta(-2) == Period("2011-04-03", freq=freq)
+            assert per - timedelta(hours=48) == Period("2011-03-30", freq=freq)
+
+            for off in [
+                offsets.YearBegin(2),
+                offsets.MonthBegin(1),
+                offsets.Minute(),
+                np.timedelta64(4, "h"),
+                timedelta(hours=23),
+            ]:
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    per - off
+
+        for freq in ["h", "2h", "3h"]:
+            per = Period("2011-04-01 09:00", freq=freq)
+            assert per - offsets.Day(2) == Period("2011-03-30 09:00", freq=freq)
+            assert per - offsets.Hour(3) == Period("2011-04-01 06:00", freq=freq)
+            assert per - np.timedelta64(3, "h") == Period("2011-04-01 06:00", freq=freq)
+            assert per - np.timedelta64(3600, "s") == Period(
+                "2011-04-01 08:00", freq=freq
+            )
+            assert per - timedelta(minutes=120) == Period("2011-04-01 07:00", freq=freq)
+            assert per - timedelta(days=4, minutes=180) == Period(
+                "2011-03-28 06:00", freq=freq
+            )
+
+            for off in [
+                offsets.YearBegin(2),
+                offsets.MonthBegin(1),
+                offsets.Minute(),
+                np.timedelta64(3200, "s"),
+                timedelta(hours=23, minutes=30),
+            ]:
+                with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+                    per - off
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("freq", ["M", "2M", "3M"])
+    def test_period_addsub_nat(self, freq):
+        # GH#13071
+        per = Period("2011-01", freq=freq)
+
+        # For subtraction, NaT is treated as another Period object
+        assert NaT - per is NaT
+        assert per - NaT is NaT
+
+        # For addition, NaT is treated as offset-like
+        assert NaT + per is NaT
+        assert per + NaT is NaT
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s", "m"])
+    def test_period_add_sub_td64_nat(self, unit):
+        # GH#47196
+        per = Period("2022-06-01", "D")
+        nat = np.timedelta64("NaT", unit)
+
+        assert per + nat is NaT
+        assert nat + per is NaT
+        assert per - nat is NaT
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported operand"):
+            nat - per
+
+    def test_period_ops_offset(self):
+        per = Period("2011-04-01", freq="D")
+        result = per + offsets.Day()
+        exp = Period("2011-04-02", freq="D")
+        assert result == exp
+
+        result = per - offsets.Day(2)
+        exp = Period("2011-03-30", freq="D")
+        assert result == exp
+
+        msg = r"Input cannot be converted to Period\(freq=D\)"
+        with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+            per + offsets.Hour(2)
+
+        with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+            per - offsets.Hour(2)
+
+    def test_period_add_timestamp_raises(self):
+        # GH#17983
+        ts = Timestamp("2017")
+        per = Period("2017", freq="M")
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for \+: 'Timestamp' and 'Period'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ts + per
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for \+: 'Period' and 'Timestamp'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            per + ts
+
+
+class TestPeriodComparisons:
+    def test_period_comparison_same_freq(self):
+        jan = Period("2000-01", "M")
+        feb = Period("2000-02", "M")
+
+        assert not jan == feb
+        assert jan != feb
+        assert jan < feb
+        assert jan <= feb
+        assert not jan > feb
+        assert not jan >= feb
+
+    def test_period_comparison_same_period_different_object(self):
+        # Separate Period objects for the same period
+        left = Period("2000-01", "M")
+        right = Period("2000-01", "M")
+
+        assert left == right
+        assert left >= right
+        assert left <= right
+        assert not left < right
+        assert not left > right
+
+    def test_period_comparison_mismatched_freq(self):
+        jan = Period("2000-01", "M")
+        day = Period("2012-01-01", "D")
+
+        assert not jan == day
+        assert jan != day
+        msg = r"Input has different freq=D from Period\(freq=M\)"
+        with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+            jan < day
+        with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+            jan <= day
+        with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+            jan > day
+        with pytest.raises(IncompatibleFrequency, match=msg):
+            jan >= day
+
+    def test_period_comparison_invalid_type(self):
+        jan = Period("2000-01", "M")
+
+        assert not jan == 1
+        assert jan != 1
+
+        int_or_per = "'(Period|int)'"
+        msg = f"not supported between instances of {int_or_per} and {int_or_per}"
+        for left, right in [(jan, 1), (1, jan)]:
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left > right
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left >= right
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left < right
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left <= right
+
+    def test_period_comparison_nat(self):
+        per = Period("2011-01-01", freq="D")
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2011-01-01")
+        # confirm Period('NaT') work identical with Timestamp('NaT')
+        for left, right in [
+            (NaT, per),
+            (per, NaT),
+            (NaT, ts),
+            (ts, NaT),
+        ]:
+            assert not left < right
+            assert not left > right
+            assert not left == right
+            assert left != right
+            assert not left <= right
+            assert not left >= right
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "zerodim_arr, expected",
+        ((np.array(0), False), (np.array(Period("2000-01", "M")), True)),
+    )
+    def test_period_comparison_numpy_zerodim_arr(self, zerodim_arr, expected):
+        per = Period("2000-01", "M")
+
+        assert (per == zerodim_arr) is expected
+        assert (zerodim_arr == per) is expected
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/test_asfreq.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/test_asfreq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73c4d8061c25789c1ec2a5e4d2c2851d4066a90e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/test_asfreq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,828 @@
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.period import INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+from pandas.errors import OutOfBoundsDatetime
+
+from pandas import (
+    Period,
+    Timestamp,
+    offsets,
+)
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+bday_msg = "Period with BDay freq is deprecated"
+
+
+class TestFreqConversion:
+    """Test frequency conversion of date objects"""
+
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:Period with BDay:FutureWarning")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("freq", ["Y", "Q", "M", "W", "B", "D"])
+    def test_asfreq_near_zero(self, freq):
+        # GH#19643, GH#19650
+        per = Period("0001-01-01", freq=freq)
+        tup1 = (per.year, per.hour, per.day)
+
+        prev = per - 1
+        assert prev.ordinal == per.ordinal - 1
+        tup2 = (prev.year, prev.month, prev.day)
+        assert tup2 < tup1
+
+    def test_asfreq_near_zero_weekly(self):
+        # GH#19834
+        per1 = Period("0001-01-01", "D") + 6
+        per2 = Period("0001-01-01", "D") - 6
+        week1 = per1.asfreq("W")
+        week2 = per2.asfreq("W")
+        assert week1 != week2
+        assert week1.asfreq("D", "E") >= per1
+        assert week2.asfreq("D", "S") <= per2
+
+    def test_to_timestamp_out_of_bounds(self):
+        # GH#19643, used to incorrectly give Timestamp in 1754
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            per = Period("0001-01-01", freq="B")
+        msg = "Out of bounds nanosecond timestamp"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+                per.to_timestamp()
+
+    def test_asfreq_corner(self):
+        val = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        result1 = val.asfreq("5min")
+        result2 = val.asfreq("min")
+        expected = Period("2007-12-31 23:59", freq="min")
+        assert result1.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result1.freqstr == "5min"
+        assert result2.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result2.freqstr == "min"
+
+    def test_conv_annual(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Annual Frequency
+
+        ival_A = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+
+        ival_AJAN = Period(freq="Y-JAN", year=2007)
+        ival_AJUN = Period(freq="Y-JUN", year=2007)
+        ival_ANOV = Period(freq="Y-NOV", year=2007)
+
+        ival_A_to_Q_start = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_A_to_Q_end = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=4)
+        ival_A_to_M_start = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_A_to_M_end = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=12)
+        ival_A_to_W_start = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_A_to_W_end = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_A_to_B_start = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+            ival_A_to_B_end = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+        ival_A_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_A_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+        ival_A_to_H_start = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_A_to_H_end = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_A_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_A_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_A_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_A_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        ival_AJAN_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        ival_AJAN_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=2, day=1)
+        ival_AJUN_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=6, day=30)
+        ival_AJUN_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=7, day=1)
+        ival_ANOV_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=11, day=30)
+        ival_ANOV_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=1)
+
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("Q", "s") == ival_A_to_Q_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("Q", "e") == ival_A_to_Q_end
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("M", "s") == ival_A_to_M_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("M", "E") == ival_A_to_M_end
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("W", "s") == ival_A_to_W_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("W", "E") == ival_A_to_W_end
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_A.asfreq("B", "s") == ival_A_to_B_start
+            assert ival_A.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_A_to_B_end
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_A_to_D_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_A_to_D_end
+        msg = "'H' is deprecated and will be removed in a future version."
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=msg):
+            assert ival_A.asfreq("H", "s") == ival_A_to_H_start
+            assert ival_A.asfreq("H", "E") == ival_A_to_H_end
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("min", "s") == ival_A_to_T_start
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("min", "E") == ival_A_to_T_end
+        msg = "'T' is deprecated and will be removed in a future version."
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=msg):
+            assert ival_A.asfreq("T", "s") == ival_A_to_T_start
+            assert ival_A.asfreq("T", "E") == ival_A_to_T_end
+        msg = "'S' is deprecated and will be removed in a future version."
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=msg):
+            assert ival_A.asfreq("S", "S") == ival_A_to_S_start
+            assert ival_A.asfreq("S", "E") == ival_A_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_AJAN.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_AJAN_to_D_start
+        assert ival_AJAN.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_AJAN_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_AJUN.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_AJUN_to_D_start
+        assert ival_AJUN.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_AJUN_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_ANOV.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_ANOV_to_D_start
+        assert ival_ANOV.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_ANOV_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_A.asfreq("Y") == ival_A
+
+    def test_conv_quarterly(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Quarterly Frequency
+
+        ival_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_Q_end_of_year = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=4)
+
+        ival_QEJAN = Period(freq="Q-JAN", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_QEJUN = Period(freq="Q-JUN", year=2007, quarter=1)
+
+        ival_Q_to_A = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        ival_Q_to_M_start = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_Q_to_M_end = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=3)
+        ival_Q_to_W_start = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_Q_to_W_end = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=3, day=31)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_Q_to_B_start = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+            ival_Q_to_B_end = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=3, day=30)
+        ival_Q_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_Q_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=3, day=31)
+        ival_Q_to_H_start = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_Q_to_H_end = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_Q_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_Q_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_Q_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_Q_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        ival_QEJAN_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=2, day=1)
+        ival_QEJAN_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=4, day=30)
+
+        ival_QEJUN_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=7, day=1)
+        ival_QEJUN_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=9, day=30)
+
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("Y") == ival_Q_to_A
+        assert ival_Q_end_of_year.asfreq("Y") == ival_Q_to_A
+
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("M", "s") == ival_Q_to_M_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("M", "E") == ival_Q_to_M_end
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("W", "s") == ival_Q_to_W_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("W", "E") == ival_Q_to_W_end
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_Q.asfreq("B", "s") == ival_Q_to_B_start
+            assert ival_Q.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_Q_to_B_end
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_Q_to_D_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_Q_to_D_end
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("h", "s") == ival_Q_to_H_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("h", "E") == ival_Q_to_H_end
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("Min", "s") == ival_Q_to_T_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_Q_to_T_end
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("s", "s") == ival_Q_to_S_start
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("s", "E") == ival_Q_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_QEJAN.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_QEJAN_to_D_start
+        assert ival_QEJAN.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_QEJAN_to_D_end
+        assert ival_QEJUN.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_QEJUN_to_D_start
+        assert ival_QEJUN.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_QEJUN_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_Q.asfreq("Q") == ival_Q
+
+    def test_conv_monthly(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Monthly Frequency
+
+        ival_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_M_end_of_year = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=12)
+        ival_M_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=3)
+        ival_M_to_A = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        ival_M_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_M_to_W_start = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_M_to_W_end = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_M_to_B_start = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+            ival_M_to_B_end = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        ival_M_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_M_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        ival_M_to_H_start = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_M_to_H_end = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_M_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_M_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_M_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_M_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("Y") == ival_M_to_A
+        assert ival_M_end_of_year.asfreq("Y") == ival_M_to_A
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("Q") == ival_M_to_Q
+        assert ival_M_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_M_to_Q
+
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("W", "s") == ival_M_to_W_start
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("W", "E") == ival_M_to_W_end
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_M.asfreq("B", "s") == ival_M_to_B_start
+            assert ival_M.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_M_to_B_end
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_M_to_D_start
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_M_to_D_end
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("h", "s") == ival_M_to_H_start
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("h", "E") == ival_M_to_H_end
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("Min", "s") == ival_M_to_T_start
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_M_to_T_end
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("s", "s") == ival_M_to_S_start
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("s", "E") == ival_M_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_M.asfreq("M") == ival_M
+
+    def test_conv_weekly(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Weekly Frequency
+        ival_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+        ival_WSUN = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_WSAT = Period(freq="W-SAT", year=2007, month=1, day=6)
+        ival_WFRI = Period(freq="W-FRI", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+        ival_WTHU = Period(freq="W-THU", year=2007, month=1, day=4)
+        ival_WWED = Period(freq="W-WED", year=2007, month=1, day=3)
+        ival_WTUE = Period(freq="W-TUE", year=2007, month=1, day=2)
+        ival_WMON = Period(freq="W-MON", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+        ival_WSUN_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_WSUN_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_WSAT_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=31)
+        ival_WSAT_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=6)
+        ival_WFRI_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=30)
+        ival_WFRI_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+        ival_WTHU_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=29)
+        ival_WTHU_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=4)
+        ival_WWED_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=28)
+        ival_WWED_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=3)
+        ival_WTUE_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=27)
+        ival_WTUE_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=2)
+        ival_WMON_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2006, month=12, day=26)
+        ival_WMON_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+        ival_W_end_of_year = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+        ival_W_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=3, day=31)
+        ival_W_end_of_month = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        ival_W_to_A = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        ival_W_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_W_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+
+        if Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=12, day=31).weekday == 6:
+            ival_W_to_A_end_of_year = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        else:
+            ival_W_to_A_end_of_year = Period(freq="Y", year=2008)
+
+        if Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=3, day=31).weekday == 6:
+            ival_W_to_Q_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        else:
+            ival_W_to_Q_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=2)
+
+        if Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=31).weekday == 6:
+            ival_W_to_M_end_of_month = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        else:
+            ival_W_to_M_end_of_month = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=2)
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_W_to_B_start = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+            ival_W_to_B_end = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+        ival_W_to_D_start = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_W_to_D_end = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_W_to_H_start = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_W_to_H_end = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23)
+        ival_W_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_W_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_W_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_W_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("Y") == ival_W_to_A
+        assert ival_W_end_of_year.asfreq("Y") == ival_W_to_A_end_of_year
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("Q") == ival_W_to_Q
+        assert ival_W_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_W_to_Q_end_of_quarter
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("M") == ival_W_to_M
+        assert ival_W_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_W_to_M_end_of_month
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_W.asfreq("B", "s") == ival_W_to_B_start
+            assert ival_W.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_W_to_B_end
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_W_to_D_start
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_W_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_WSUN.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_WSUN_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WSUN.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WSUN_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WSAT.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_WSAT_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WSAT.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WSAT_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WFRI.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_WFRI_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WFRI.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WFRI_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WTHU.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_WTHU_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WTHU.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WTHU_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WWED.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_WWED_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WWED.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WWED_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WTUE.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_WTUE_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WTUE.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WTUE_to_D_end
+        assert ival_WMON.asfreq("D", "s") == ival_WMON_to_D_start
+        assert ival_WMON.asfreq("D", "E") == ival_WMON_to_D_end
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("h", "s") == ival_W_to_H_start
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("h", "E") == ival_W_to_H_end
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("Min", "s") == ival_W_to_T_start
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_W_to_T_end
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("s", "s") == ival_W_to_S_start
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("s", "E") == ival_W_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_W.asfreq("W") == ival_W
+
+        msg = INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ival_W.asfreq("WK")
+
+    def test_conv_weekly_legacy(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Weekly Frequency
+        msg = INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-SAT", year=2007, month=1, day=6)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-FRI", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-THU", year=2007, month=1, day=4)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-WED", year=2007, month=1, day=3)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-TUE", year=2007, month=1, day=2)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK-MON", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+    def test_conv_business(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Business Frequency"
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_B = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+            ival_B_end_of_year = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+            ival_B_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=3, day=30)
+            ival_B_end_of_month = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+            ival_B_end_of_week = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+
+        ival_B_to_A = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        ival_B_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_B_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_B_to_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_B_to_D = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_B_to_H_start = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_B_to_H_end = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23)
+        ival_B_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_B_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_B_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_B_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("Y") == ival_B_to_A
+        assert ival_B_end_of_year.asfreq("Y") == ival_B_to_A
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("Q") == ival_B_to_Q
+        assert ival_B_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_B_to_Q
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("M") == ival_B_to_M
+        assert ival_B_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_B_to_M
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("W") == ival_B_to_W
+        assert ival_B_end_of_week.asfreq("W") == ival_B_to_W
+
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("D") == ival_B_to_D
+
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("h", "s") == ival_B_to_H_start
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("h", "E") == ival_B_to_H_end
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("Min", "s") == ival_B_to_T_start
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_B_to_T_end
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("s", "s") == ival_B_to_S_start
+        assert ival_B.asfreq("s", "E") == ival_B_to_S_end
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_B.asfreq("B") == ival_B
+
+    def test_conv_daily(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Business Frequency"
+
+        ival_D = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_D_end_of_year = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=12, day=31)
+        ival_D_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=3, day=31)
+        ival_D_end_of_month = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=31)
+        ival_D_end_of_week = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+
+        ival_D_friday = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+        ival_D_saturday = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=6)
+        ival_D_sunday = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_B_friday = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=5)
+            ival_B_monday = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=8)
+
+        ival_D_to_A = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+
+        ival_Deoq_to_AJAN = Period(freq="Y-JAN", year=2008)
+        ival_Deoq_to_AJUN = Period(freq="Y-JUN", year=2007)
+        ival_Deoq_to_ADEC = Period(freq="Y-DEC", year=2007)
+
+        ival_D_to_QEJAN = Period(freq="Q-JAN", year=2007, quarter=4)
+        ival_D_to_QEJUN = Period(freq="Q-JUN", year=2007, quarter=3)
+        ival_D_to_QEDEC = Period(freq="Q-DEC", year=2007, quarter=1)
+
+        ival_D_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_D_to_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+
+        ival_D_to_H_start = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_D_to_H_end = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23)
+        ival_D_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_D_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_D_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_D_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("Y") == ival_D_to_A
+
+        assert ival_D_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Y-JAN") == ival_Deoq_to_AJAN
+        assert ival_D_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Y-JUN") == ival_Deoq_to_AJUN
+        assert ival_D_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Y-DEC") == ival_Deoq_to_ADEC
+
+        assert ival_D_end_of_year.asfreq("Y") == ival_D_to_A
+        assert ival_D_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_D_to_QEDEC
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("Q-JAN") == ival_D_to_QEJAN
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("Q-JUN") == ival_D_to_QEJUN
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("Q-DEC") == ival_D_to_QEDEC
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("M") == ival_D_to_M
+        assert ival_D_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_D_to_M
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("W") == ival_D_to_W
+        assert ival_D_end_of_week.asfreq("W") == ival_D_to_W
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_D_friday.asfreq("B") == ival_B_friday
+            assert ival_D_saturday.asfreq("B", "s") == ival_B_friday
+            assert ival_D_saturday.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_B_monday
+            assert ival_D_sunday.asfreq("B", "s") == ival_B_friday
+            assert ival_D_sunday.asfreq("B", "E") == ival_B_monday
+
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("h", "s") == ival_D_to_H_start
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("h", "E") == ival_D_to_H_end
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("Min", "s") == ival_D_to_T_start
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_D_to_T_end
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("s", "s") == ival_D_to_S_start
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("s", "E") == ival_D_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_D.asfreq("D") == ival_D
+
+    def test_conv_hourly(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Hourly Frequency"
+
+        ival_H = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_H_end_of_year = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_H_end_of_quarter = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_H_end_of_month = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23)
+        ival_H_end_of_week = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23)
+        ival_H_end_of_day = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23)
+        ival_H_end_of_bus = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23)
+
+        ival_H_to_A = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        ival_H_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_H_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_H_to_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_H_to_D = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_H_to_B = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+        ival_H_to_T_start = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0
+        )
+        ival_H_to_T_end = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_H_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_H_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("Y") == ival_H_to_A
+        assert ival_H_end_of_year.asfreq("Y") == ival_H_to_A
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("Q") == ival_H_to_Q
+        assert ival_H_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_H_to_Q
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("M") == ival_H_to_M
+        assert ival_H_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_H_to_M
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("W") == ival_H_to_W
+        assert ival_H_end_of_week.asfreq("W") == ival_H_to_W
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("D") == ival_H_to_D
+        assert ival_H_end_of_day.asfreq("D") == ival_H_to_D
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_H.asfreq("B") == ival_H_to_B
+            assert ival_H_end_of_bus.asfreq("B") == ival_H_to_B
+
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("Min", "s") == ival_H_to_T_start
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("Min", "E") == ival_H_to_T_end
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("s", "s") == ival_H_to_S_start
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("s", "E") == ival_H_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_H.asfreq("h") == ival_H
+
+    def test_conv_minutely(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Minutely Frequency"
+
+        ival_T = Period(freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0)
+        ival_T_end_of_year = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_quarter = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_month = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_week = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_day = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_bus = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59
+        )
+        ival_T_end_of_hour = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=59
+        )
+
+        ival_T_to_A = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        ival_T_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_T_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_T_to_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_T_to_D = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_T_to_B = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_T_to_H = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+
+        ival_T_to_S_start = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        ival_T_to_S_end = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=59
+        )
+
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("Y") == ival_T_to_A
+        assert ival_T_end_of_year.asfreq("Y") == ival_T_to_A
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("Q") == ival_T_to_Q
+        assert ival_T_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_T_to_Q
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("M") == ival_T_to_M
+        assert ival_T_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_T_to_M
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("W") == ival_T_to_W
+        assert ival_T_end_of_week.asfreq("W") == ival_T_to_W
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("D") == ival_T_to_D
+        assert ival_T_end_of_day.asfreq("D") == ival_T_to_D
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_T.asfreq("B") == ival_T_to_B
+            assert ival_T_end_of_bus.asfreq("B") == ival_T_to_B
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("h") == ival_T_to_H
+        assert ival_T_end_of_hour.asfreq("h") == ival_T_to_H
+
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("s", "s") == ival_T_to_S_start
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("s", "E") == ival_T_to_S_end
+
+        assert ival_T.asfreq("Min") == ival_T
+
+    def test_conv_secondly(self):
+        # frequency conversion tests: from Secondly Frequency"
+
+        ival_S = Period(freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0)
+        ival_S_end_of_year = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=12, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_quarter = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=3, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_month = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=31, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_week = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=7, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_day = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_bus = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=23, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_hour = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=59, second=59
+        )
+        ival_S_end_of_minute = Period(
+            freq="s", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=59
+        )
+
+        ival_S_to_A = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        ival_S_to_Q = Period(freq="Q", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        ival_S_to_M = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        ival_S_to_W = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        ival_S_to_D = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            ival_S_to_B = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        ival_S_to_H = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        ival_S_to_T = Period(freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0)
+
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("Y") == ival_S_to_A
+        assert ival_S_end_of_year.asfreq("Y") == ival_S_to_A
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("Q") == ival_S_to_Q
+        assert ival_S_end_of_quarter.asfreq("Q") == ival_S_to_Q
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("M") == ival_S_to_M
+        assert ival_S_end_of_month.asfreq("M") == ival_S_to_M
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("W") == ival_S_to_W
+        assert ival_S_end_of_week.asfreq("W") == ival_S_to_W
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("D") == ival_S_to_D
+        assert ival_S_end_of_day.asfreq("D") == ival_S_to_D
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert ival_S.asfreq("B") == ival_S_to_B
+            assert ival_S_end_of_bus.asfreq("B") == ival_S_to_B
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("h") == ival_S_to_H
+        assert ival_S_end_of_hour.asfreq("h") == ival_S_to_H
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("Min") == ival_S_to_T
+        assert ival_S_end_of_minute.asfreq("Min") == ival_S_to_T
+
+        assert ival_S.asfreq("s") == ival_S
+
+    def test_conv_microsecond(self):
+        # GH#31475 Avoid floating point errors dropping the start_time to
+        #  before the beginning of the Period
+        per = Period("2020-01-30 15:57:27.576166", freq="us")
+        assert per.ordinal == 1580399847576166
+
+        start = per.start_time
+        expected = Timestamp("2020-01-30 15:57:27.576166")
+        assert start == expected
+        assert start._value == per.ordinal * 1000
+
+        per2 = Period("2300-01-01", "us")
+        msg = "2300-01-01"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            per2.start_time
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            per2.end_time
+
+    def test_asfreq_mult(self):
+        # normal freq to mult freq
+        p = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        # ordinal will not change
+        for freq in ["3Y", offsets.YearEnd(3)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq)
+            expected = Period("2007", freq="3Y")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+        # ordinal will not change
+        for freq in ["3Y", offsets.YearEnd(3)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq, how="S")
+            expected = Period("2007", freq="3Y")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+
+        # mult freq to normal freq
+        p = Period(freq="3Y", year=2007)
+        # ordinal will change because how=E is the default
+        for freq in ["Y", offsets.YearEnd()]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq)
+            expected = Period("2009", freq="Y")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+        # ordinal will not change
+        for freq in ["Y", offsets.YearEnd()]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq, how="s")
+            expected = Period("2007", freq="Y")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+
+        p = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        for freq in ["2M", offsets.MonthEnd(2)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq)
+            expected = Period("2007-12", freq="2M")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+        for freq in ["2M", offsets.MonthEnd(2)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq, how="s")
+            expected = Period("2007-01", freq="2M")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+
+        p = Period(freq="3Y", year=2007)
+        for freq in ["2M", offsets.MonthEnd(2)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq)
+            expected = Period("2009-12", freq="2M")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+        for freq in ["2M", offsets.MonthEnd(2)]:
+            result = p.asfreq(freq, how="s")
+            expected = Period("2007-01", freq="2M")
+
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+
+    def test_asfreq_combined(self):
+        # normal freq to combined freq
+        p = Period("2007", freq="h")
+
+        # ordinal will not change
+        expected = Period("2007", freq="25h")
+        for freq, how in zip(["1D1h", "1h1D"], ["E", "S"]):
+            result = p.asfreq(freq, how=how)
+            assert result == expected
+            assert result.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+            assert result.freq == expected.freq
+
+        # combined freq to normal freq
+        p1 = Period(freq="1D1h", year=2007)
+        p2 = Period(freq="1h1D", year=2007)
+
+        # ordinal will change because how=E is the default
+        result1 = p1.asfreq("h")
+        result2 = p2.asfreq("h")
+        expected = Period("2007-01-02", freq="h")
+        assert result1 == expected
+        assert result1.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result1.freq == expected.freq
+        assert result2 == expected
+        assert result2.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result2.freq == expected.freq
+
+        # ordinal will not change
+        result1 = p1.asfreq("h", how="S")
+        result2 = p2.asfreq("h", how="S")
+        expected = Period("2007-01-01", freq="h")
+        assert result1 == expected
+        assert result1.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result1.freq == expected.freq
+        assert result2 == expected
+        assert result2.ordinal == expected.ordinal
+        assert result2.freq == expected.freq
+
+    def test_asfreq_MS(self):
+        initial = Period("2013")
+
+        assert initial.asfreq(freq="M", how="S") == Period("2013-01", "M")
+
+        msg = "MS is not supported as period frequency"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            initial.asfreq(freq="MS", how="S")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2013-01", "MS")
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/test_period.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/test_period.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2c3a0816737fccba83939c06238ec28a83550750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/period/test_period.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1154 @@
+from datetime import (
+    date,
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+)
+import re
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import iNaT
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.ccalendar import (
+    DAYS,
+    MONTHS,
+)
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.np_datetime import OutOfBoundsDatetime
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.parsing import DateParseError
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.period import INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+
+from pandas import (
+    NaT,
+    Period,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+    offsets,
+)
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+bday_msg = "Period with BDay freq is deprecated"
+
+
+class TestPeriodDisallowedFreqs:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "freq, freq_msg",
+        [
+            (offsets.BYearBegin(), "BYearBegin"),
+            (offsets.YearBegin(2), "YearBegin"),
+            (offsets.QuarterBegin(startingMonth=12), "QuarterBegin"),
+            (offsets.BusinessMonthEnd(2), "BusinessMonthEnd"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_offsets_not_supported(self, freq, freq_msg):
+        # GH#55785
+        msg = re.escape(f"{freq} is not supported as period frequency")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(year=2014, freq=freq)
+
+    def test_custom_business_day_freq_raises(self):
+        # GH#52534
+        msg = "C is not supported as period frequency"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2023-04-10", freq="C")
+        msg = f"{offsets.CustomBusinessDay().base} is not supported as period frequency"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2023-04-10", freq=offsets.CustomBusinessDay())
+
+    def test_invalid_frequency_error_message(self):
+        msg = "WOM-1MON is not supported as period frequency"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2012-01-02", freq="WOM-1MON")
+
+    def test_invalid_frequency_period_error_message(self):
+        msg = "for Period, please use 'M' instead of 'ME'"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2012-01-02", freq="ME")
+
+
+class TestPeriodConstruction:
+    def test_from_td64nat_raises(self):
+        # GH#44507
+        td = NaT.to_numpy("m8[ns]")
+
+        msg = "Value must be Period, string, integer, or datetime"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(td)
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(td, freq="D")
+
+    def test_construction(self):
+        i1 = Period("1/1/2005", freq="M")
+        i2 = Period("Jan 2005")
+
+        assert i1 == i2
+
+        # GH#54105 - Period can be confusingly instantiated with lowercase freq
+        # TODO: raise in the future an error when passing lowercase freq
+        i1 = Period("2005", freq="Y")
+        i2 = Period("2005")
+
+        assert i1 == i2
+
+        i4 = Period("2005", freq="M")
+        assert i1 != i4
+
+        i1 = Period.now(freq="Q")
+        i2 = Period(datetime.now(), freq="Q")
+
+        assert i1 == i2
+
+        # Pass in freq as a keyword argument sometimes as a test for
+        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/53369
+        i1 = Period.now(freq="D")
+        i2 = Period(datetime.now(), freq="D")
+        i3 = Period.now(offsets.Day())
+
+        assert i1 == i2
+        assert i1 == i3
+
+        i1 = Period("1982", freq="min")
+        msg = "'MIN' is deprecated and will be removed in a future version."
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=msg):
+            i2 = Period("1982", freq="MIN")
+        assert i1 == i2
+
+        i1 = Period(year=2005, month=3, day=1, freq="D")
+        i2 = Period("3/1/2005", freq="D")
+        assert i1 == i2
+
+        i3 = Period(year=2005, month=3, day=1, freq="d")
+        assert i1 == i3
+
+        i1 = Period("2007-01-01 09:00:00.001")
+        expected = Period(datetime(2007, 1, 1, 9, 0, 0, 1000), freq="ms")
+        assert i1 == expected
+
+        expected = Period("2007-01-01 09:00:00.001", freq="ms")
+        assert i1 == expected
+
+        i1 = Period("2007-01-01 09:00:00.00101")
+        expected = Period(datetime(2007, 1, 1, 9, 0, 0, 1010), freq="us")
+        assert i1 == expected
+
+        expected = Period("2007-01-01 09:00:00.00101", freq="us")
+        assert i1 == expected
+
+        msg = "Must supply freq for ordinal value"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(ordinal=200701)
+
+        msg = "Invalid frequency: X"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2007-1-1", freq="X")
+
+    def test_tuple_freq_disallowed(self):
+        # GH#34703 tuple freq disallowed
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="pass as a string instead"):
+            Period("1982", freq=("Min", 1))
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="pass as a string instead"):
+            Period("2006-12-31", ("w", 1))
+
+    def test_construction_from_timestamp_nanos(self):
+        # GH#46811 don't drop nanos from Timestamp
+        ts = Timestamp("2022-04-20 09:23:24.123456789")
+        per = Period(ts, freq="ns")
+
+        # should losslessly round-trip, not lose the 789
+        rt = per.to_timestamp()
+        assert rt == ts
+
+        # same thing but from a datetime64 object
+        dt64 = ts.asm8
+        per2 = Period(dt64, freq="ns")
+        rt2 = per2.to_timestamp()
+        assert rt2.asm8 == dt64
+
+    def test_construction_bday(self):
+        # Biz day construction, roll forward if non-weekday
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            i1 = Period("3/10/12", freq="B")
+            i2 = Period("3/10/12", freq="D")
+            assert i1 == i2.asfreq("B")
+            i2 = Period("3/11/12", freq="D")
+            assert i1 == i2.asfreq("B")
+            i2 = Period("3/12/12", freq="D")
+            assert i1 == i2.asfreq("B")
+
+            i3 = Period("3/10/12", freq="b")
+            assert i1 == i3
+
+            i1 = Period(year=2012, month=3, day=10, freq="B")
+            i2 = Period("3/12/12", freq="B")
+            assert i1 == i2
+
+    def test_construction_quarter(self):
+        i1 = Period(year=2005, quarter=1, freq="Q")
+        i2 = Period("1/1/2005", freq="Q")
+        assert i1 == i2
+
+        i1 = Period(year=2005, quarter=3, freq="Q")
+        i2 = Period("9/1/2005", freq="Q")
+        assert i1 == i2
+
+        i1 = Period("2005Q1")
+        i2 = Period(year=2005, quarter=1, freq="Q")
+        i3 = Period("2005q1")
+        assert i1 == i2
+        assert i1 == i3
+
+        i1 = Period("05Q1")
+        assert i1 == i2
+        lower = Period("05q1")
+        assert i1 == lower
+
+        i1 = Period("1Q2005")
+        assert i1 == i2
+        lower = Period("1q2005")
+        assert i1 == lower
+
+        i1 = Period("1Q05")
+        assert i1 == i2
+        lower = Period("1q05")
+        assert i1 == lower
+
+        i1 = Period("4Q1984")
+        assert i1.year == 1984
+        lower = Period("4q1984")
+        assert i1 == lower
+
+    def test_construction_month(self):
+        expected = Period("2007-01", freq="M")
+        i1 = Period("200701", freq="M")
+        assert i1 == expected
+
+        i1 = Period("200701", freq="M")
+        assert i1 == expected
+
+        i1 = Period(200701, freq="M")
+        assert i1 == expected
+
+        i1 = Period(ordinal=200701, freq="M")
+        assert i1.year == 18695
+
+        i1 = Period(datetime(2007, 1, 1), freq="M")
+        i2 = Period("200701", freq="M")
+        assert i1 == i2
+
+        i1 = Period(date(2007, 1, 1), freq="M")
+        i2 = Period(datetime(2007, 1, 1), freq="M")
+        i3 = Period(np.datetime64("2007-01-01"), freq="M")
+        i4 = Period("2007-01-01 00:00:00", freq="M")
+        i5 = Period("2007-01-01 00:00:00.000", freq="M")
+        assert i1 == i2
+        assert i1 == i3
+        assert i1 == i4
+        assert i1 == i5
+
+    def test_period_constructor_offsets(self):
+        assert Period("1/1/2005", freq=offsets.MonthEnd()) == Period(
+            "1/1/2005", freq="M"
+        )
+        assert Period("2005", freq=offsets.YearEnd()) == Period("2005", freq="Y")
+        assert Period("2005", freq=offsets.MonthEnd()) == Period("2005", freq="M")
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert Period("3/10/12", freq=offsets.BusinessDay()) == Period(
+                "3/10/12", freq="B"
+            )
+        assert Period("3/10/12", freq=offsets.Day()) == Period("3/10/12", freq="D")
+
+        assert Period(
+            year=2005, quarter=1, freq=offsets.QuarterEnd(startingMonth=12)
+        ) == Period(year=2005, quarter=1, freq="Q")
+        assert Period(
+            year=2005, quarter=2, freq=offsets.QuarterEnd(startingMonth=12)
+        ) == Period(year=2005, quarter=2, freq="Q")
+
+        assert Period(year=2005, month=3, day=1, freq=offsets.Day()) == Period(
+            year=2005, month=3, day=1, freq="D"
+        )
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert Period(year=2012, month=3, day=10, freq=offsets.BDay()) == Period(
+                year=2012, month=3, day=10, freq="B"
+            )
+
+        expected = Period("2005-03-01", freq="3D")
+        assert Period(year=2005, month=3, day=1, freq=offsets.Day(3)) == expected
+        assert Period(year=2005, month=3, day=1, freq="3D") == expected
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert Period(year=2012, month=3, day=10, freq=offsets.BDay(3)) == Period(
+                year=2012, month=3, day=10, freq="3B"
+            )
+
+        assert Period(200701, freq=offsets.MonthEnd()) == Period(200701, freq="M")
+
+        i1 = Period(ordinal=200701, freq=offsets.MonthEnd())
+        i2 = Period(ordinal=200701, freq="M")
+        assert i1 == i2
+        assert i1.year == 18695
+        assert i2.year == 18695
+
+        i1 = Period(datetime(2007, 1, 1), freq="M")
+        i2 = Period("200701", freq="M")
+        assert i1 == i2
+
+        i1 = Period(date(2007, 1, 1), freq="M")
+        i2 = Period(datetime(2007, 1, 1), freq="M")
+        i3 = Period(np.datetime64("2007-01-01"), freq="M")
+        i4 = Period("2007-01-01 00:00:00", freq="M")
+        i5 = Period("2007-01-01 00:00:00.000", freq="M")
+        assert i1 == i2
+        assert i1 == i3
+        assert i1 == i4
+        assert i1 == i5
+
+        i1 = Period("2007-01-01 09:00:00.001")
+        expected = Period(datetime(2007, 1, 1, 9, 0, 0, 1000), freq="ms")
+        assert i1 == expected
+
+        expected = Period("2007-01-01 09:00:00.001", freq="ms")
+        assert i1 == expected
+
+        i1 = Period("2007-01-01 09:00:00.00101")
+        expected = Period(datetime(2007, 1, 1, 9, 0, 0, 1010), freq="us")
+        assert i1 == expected
+
+        expected = Period("2007-01-01 09:00:00.00101", freq="us")
+        assert i1 == expected
+
+    def test_invalid_arguments(self):
+        msg = "Must supply freq for datetime value"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(datetime.now())
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(datetime.now().date())
+
+        msg = "Value must be Period, string, integer, or datetime"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(1.6, freq="D")
+        msg = "Ordinal must be an integer"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(ordinal=1.6, freq="D")
+        msg = "Only value or ordinal but not both should be given but not both"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(ordinal=2, value=1, freq="D")
+
+        msg = "If value is None, freq cannot be None"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(month=1)
+
+        msg = '^Given date string "-2000" not likely a datetime$'
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("-2000", "Y")
+        msg = "day is out of range for month"
+        with pytest.raises(DateParseError, match=msg):
+            Period("0", "Y")
+        msg = "Unknown datetime string format, unable to parse"
+        with pytest.raises(DateParseError, match=msg):
+            Period("1/1/-2000", "Y")
+
+    def test_constructor_corner(self):
+        expected = Period("2007-01", freq="2M")
+        assert Period(year=2007, month=1, freq="2M") == expected
+
+        assert Period(None) is NaT
+
+        p = Period("2007-01-01", freq="D")
+
+        result = Period(p, freq="Y")
+        exp = Period("2007", freq="Y")
+        assert result == exp
+
+    def test_constructor_infer_freq(self):
+        p = Period("2007-01-01")
+        assert p.freq == "D"
+
+        p = Period("2007-01-01 07")
+        assert p.freq == "h"
+
+        p = Period("2007-01-01 07:10")
+        assert p.freq == "min"
+
+        p = Period("2007-01-01 07:10:15")
+        assert p.freq == "s"
+
+        p = Period("2007-01-01 07:10:15.123")
+        assert p.freq == "ms"
+
+        # We see that there are 6 digits after the decimal, so get microsecond
+        #  even though they are all zeros.
+        p = Period("2007-01-01 07:10:15.123000")
+        assert p.freq == "us"
+
+        p = Period("2007-01-01 07:10:15.123400")
+        assert p.freq == "us"
+
+    def test_multiples(self):
+        result1 = Period("1989", freq="2Y")
+        result2 = Period("1989", freq="Y")
+        assert result1.ordinal == result2.ordinal
+        assert result1.freqstr == "2Y-DEC"
+        assert result2.freqstr == "Y-DEC"
+        assert result1.freq == offsets.YearEnd(2)
+        assert result2.freq == offsets.YearEnd()
+
+        assert (result1 + 1).ordinal == result1.ordinal + 2
+        assert (1 + result1).ordinal == result1.ordinal + 2
+        assert (result1 - 1).ordinal == result2.ordinal - 2
+        assert (-1 + result1).ordinal == result2.ordinal - 2
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("month", MONTHS)
+    def test_period_cons_quarterly(self, month):
+        # bugs in scikits.timeseries
+        freq = f"Q-{month}"
+        exp = Period("1989Q3", freq=freq)
+        assert "1989Q3" in str(exp)
+        stamp = exp.to_timestamp("D", how="end")
+        p = Period(stamp, freq=freq)
+        assert p == exp
+
+        stamp = exp.to_timestamp("3D", how="end")
+        p = Period(stamp, freq=freq)
+        assert p == exp
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("month", MONTHS)
+    def test_period_cons_annual(self, month):
+        # bugs in scikits.timeseries
+        freq = f"Y-{month}"
+        exp = Period("1989", freq=freq)
+        stamp = exp.to_timestamp("D", how="end") + timedelta(days=30)
+        p = Period(stamp, freq=freq)
+
+        assert p == exp + 1
+        assert isinstance(p, Period)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("day", DAYS)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("num", range(10, 17))
+    def test_period_cons_weekly(self, num, day):
+        daystr = f"2011-02-{num}"
+        freq = f"W-{day}"
+
+        result = Period(daystr, freq=freq)
+        expected = Period(daystr, freq="D").asfreq(freq)
+        assert result == expected
+        assert isinstance(result, Period)
+
+    def test_parse_week_str_roundstrip(self):
+        # GH#50803
+        per = Period("2017-01-23/2017-01-29")
+        assert per.freq.freqstr == "W-SUN"
+
+        per = Period("2017-01-24/2017-01-30")
+        assert per.freq.freqstr == "W-MON"
+
+        msg = "Could not parse as weekly-freq Period"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            # not 6 days apart
+            Period("2016-01-23/2017-01-29")
+
+    def test_period_from_ordinal(self):
+        p = Period("2011-01", freq="M")
+        res = Period._from_ordinal(p.ordinal, freq=p.freq)
+        assert p == res
+        assert isinstance(res, Period)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("freq", ["Y", "M", "D", "h"])
+    def test_construct_from_nat_string_and_freq(self, freq):
+        per = Period("NaT", freq=freq)
+        assert per is NaT
+
+        per = Period("NaT", freq="2" + freq)
+        assert per is NaT
+
+        per = Period("NaT", freq="3" + freq)
+        assert per is NaT
+
+    def test_period_cons_nat(self):
+        p = Period("nat", freq="W-SUN")
+        assert p is NaT
+
+        p = Period(iNaT, freq="D")
+        assert p is NaT
+
+        p = Period(iNaT, freq="3D")
+        assert p is NaT
+
+        p = Period(iNaT, freq="1D1h")
+        assert p is NaT
+
+        p = Period("NaT")
+        assert p is NaT
+
+        p = Period(iNaT)
+        assert p is NaT
+
+    def test_period_cons_mult(self):
+        p1 = Period("2011-01", freq="3M")
+        p2 = Period("2011-01", freq="M")
+        assert p1.ordinal == p2.ordinal
+
+        assert p1.freq == offsets.MonthEnd(3)
+        assert p1.freqstr == "3M"
+
+        assert p2.freq == offsets.MonthEnd()
+        assert p2.freqstr == "M"
+
+        result = p1 + 1
+        assert result.ordinal == (p2 + 3).ordinal
+
+        assert result.freq == p1.freq
+        assert result.freqstr == "3M"
+
+        result = p1 - 1
+        assert result.ordinal == (p2 - 3).ordinal
+        assert result.freq == p1.freq
+        assert result.freqstr == "3M"
+
+        msg = "Frequency must be positive, because it represents span: -3M"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2011-01", freq="-3M")
+
+        msg = "Frequency must be positive, because it represents span: 0M"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2011-01", freq="0M")
+
+    def test_period_cons_combined(self):
+        p = [
+            (
+                Period("2011-01", freq="1D1h"),
+                Period("2011-01", freq="1h1D"),
+                Period("2011-01", freq="h"),
+            ),
+            (
+                Period(ordinal=1, freq="1D1h"),
+                Period(ordinal=1, freq="1h1D"),
+                Period(ordinal=1, freq="h"),
+            ),
+        ]
+
+        for p1, p2, p3 in p:
+            assert p1.ordinal == p3.ordinal
+            assert p2.ordinal == p3.ordinal
+
+            assert p1.freq == offsets.Hour(25)
+            assert p1.freqstr == "25h"
+
+            assert p2.freq == offsets.Hour(25)
+            assert p2.freqstr == "25h"
+
+            assert p3.freq == offsets.Hour()
+            assert p3.freqstr == "h"
+
+            result = p1 + 1
+            assert result.ordinal == (p3 + 25).ordinal
+            assert result.freq == p1.freq
+            assert result.freqstr == "25h"
+
+            result = p2 + 1
+            assert result.ordinal == (p3 + 25).ordinal
+            assert result.freq == p2.freq
+            assert result.freqstr == "25h"
+
+            result = p1 - 1
+            assert result.ordinal == (p3 - 25).ordinal
+            assert result.freq == p1.freq
+            assert result.freqstr == "25h"
+
+            result = p2 - 1
+            assert result.ordinal == (p3 - 25).ordinal
+            assert result.freq == p2.freq
+            assert result.freqstr == "25h"
+
+        msg = "Frequency must be positive, because it represents span: -25h"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2011-01", freq="-1D1h")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2011-01", freq="-1h1D")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(ordinal=1, freq="-1D1h")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(ordinal=1, freq="-1h1D")
+
+        msg = "Frequency must be positive, because it represents span: 0D"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2011-01", freq="0D0h")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(ordinal=1, freq="0D0h")
+
+        # You can only combine together day and intraday offsets
+        msg = "Invalid frequency: 1W1D"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2011-01", freq="1W1D")
+        msg = "Invalid frequency: 1D1W"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period("2011-01", freq="1D1W")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("day", ["1970/01/01 ", "2020-12-31 ", "1981/09/13 "])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("hour", ["00:00:00", "00:00:01", "23:59:59", "12:00:59"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "sec_float, expected",
+        [
+            (".000000001", 1),
+            (".000000999", 999),
+            (".123456789", 789),
+            (".999999999", 999),
+            (".999999000", 0),
+            # Test femtoseconds, attoseconds, picoseconds are dropped like Timestamp
+            (".999999001123", 1),
+            (".999999001123456", 1),
+            (".999999001123456789", 1),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_period_constructor_nanosecond(self, day, hour, sec_float, expected):
+        # GH 34621
+
+        assert Period(day + hour + sec_float).start_time.nanosecond == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("hour", range(24))
+    def test_period_large_ordinal(self, hour):
+        # Issue #36430
+        # Integer overflow for Period over the maximum timestamp
+        p = Period(ordinal=2562048 + hour, freq="1h")
+        assert p.hour == hour
+
+
+class TestPeriodMethods:
+    def test_round_trip(self):
+        p = Period("2000Q1")
+        new_p = tm.round_trip_pickle(p)
+        assert new_p == p
+
+    def test_hash(self):
+        assert hash(Period("2011-01", freq="M")) == hash(Period("2011-01", freq="M"))
+
+        assert hash(Period("2011-01-01", freq="D")) != hash(Period("2011-01", freq="M"))
+
+        assert hash(Period("2011-01", freq="3M")) != hash(Period("2011-01", freq="2M"))
+
+        assert hash(Period("2011-01", freq="M")) != hash(Period("2011-02", freq="M"))
+
+    # --------------------------------------------------------------
+    # to_timestamp
+
+    def test_to_timestamp_mult(self):
+        p = Period("2011-01", freq="M")
+        assert p.to_timestamp(how="S") == Timestamp("2011-01-01")
+        expected = Timestamp("2011-02-01") - Timedelta(1, "ns")
+        assert p.to_timestamp(how="E") == expected
+
+        p = Period("2011-01", freq="3M")
+        assert p.to_timestamp(how="S") == Timestamp("2011-01-01")
+        expected = Timestamp("2011-04-01") - Timedelta(1, "ns")
+        assert p.to_timestamp(how="E") == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(
+        "ignore:Period with BDay freq is deprecated:FutureWarning"
+    )
+    def test_to_timestamp(self):
+        p = Period("1982", freq="Y")
+        start_ts = p.to_timestamp(how="S")
+        aliases = ["s", "StarT", "BEGIn"]
+        for a in aliases:
+            assert start_ts == p.to_timestamp("D", how=a)
+            # freq with mult should not affect to the result
+            assert start_ts == p.to_timestamp("3D", how=a)
+
+        end_ts = p.to_timestamp(how="E")
+        aliases = ["e", "end", "FINIsH"]
+        for a in aliases:
+            assert end_ts == p.to_timestamp("D", how=a)
+            assert end_ts == p.to_timestamp("3D", how=a)
+
+        from_lst = ["Y", "Q", "M", "W", "B", "D", "h", "Min", "s"]
+
+        def _ex(p):
+            if p.freq == "B":
+                return p.start_time + Timedelta(days=1, nanoseconds=-1)
+            return Timestamp((p + p.freq).start_time._value - 1)
+
+        for fcode in from_lst:
+            p = Period("1982", freq=fcode)
+            result = p.to_timestamp().to_period(fcode)
+            assert result == p
+
+            assert p.start_time == p.to_timestamp(how="S")
+
+            assert p.end_time == _ex(p)
+
+        # Frequency other than daily
+
+        p = Period("1985", freq="Y")
+
+        result = p.to_timestamp("h", how="end")
+        expected = Timestamp(1986, 1, 1) - Timedelta(1, "ns")
+        assert result == expected
+        result = p.to_timestamp("3h", how="end")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = p.to_timestamp("min", how="end")
+        expected = Timestamp(1986, 1, 1) - Timedelta(1, "ns")
+        assert result == expected
+        result = p.to_timestamp("2min", how="end")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = p.to_timestamp(how="end")
+        expected = Timestamp(1986, 1, 1) - Timedelta(1, "ns")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        expected = datetime(1985, 1, 1)
+        result = p.to_timestamp("h", how="start")
+        assert result == expected
+        result = p.to_timestamp("min", how="start")
+        assert result == expected
+        result = p.to_timestamp("s", how="start")
+        assert result == expected
+        result = p.to_timestamp("3h", how="start")
+        assert result == expected
+        result = p.to_timestamp("5s", how="start")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_to_timestamp_business_end(self):
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            per = Period("1990-01-05", "B")  # Friday
+            result = per.to_timestamp("B", how="E")
+
+        expected = Timestamp("1990-01-06") - Timedelta(nanoseconds=1)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "ts, expected",
+        [
+            ("1970-01-01 00:00:00", 0),
+            ("1970-01-01 00:00:00.000001", 1),
+            ("1970-01-01 00:00:00.00001", 10),
+            ("1970-01-01 00:00:00.499", 499000),
+            ("1999-12-31 23:59:59.999", 999000),
+            ("1999-12-31 23:59:59.999999", 999999),
+            ("2050-12-31 23:59:59.5", 500000),
+            ("2050-12-31 23:59:59.500001", 500001),
+            ("2050-12-31 23:59:59.123456", 123456),
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("freq", [None, "us", "ns"])
+    def test_to_timestamp_microsecond(self, ts, expected, freq):
+        # GH 24444
+        result = Period(ts).to_timestamp(freq=freq).microsecond
+        assert result == expected
+
+    # --------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Rendering: __repr__, strftime, etc
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "str_ts,freq,str_res,str_freq",
+        (
+            ("Jan-2000", None, "2000-01", "M"),
+            ("2000-12-15", None, "2000-12-15", "D"),
+            (
+                "2000-12-15 13:45:26.123456789",
+                "ns",
+                "2000-12-15 13:45:26.123456789",
+                "ns",
+            ),
+            ("2000-12-15 13:45:26.123456789", "us", "2000-12-15 13:45:26.123456", "us"),
+            ("2000-12-15 13:45:26.123456", None, "2000-12-15 13:45:26.123456", "us"),
+            ("2000-12-15 13:45:26.123456789", "ms", "2000-12-15 13:45:26.123", "ms"),
+            ("2000-12-15 13:45:26.123", None, "2000-12-15 13:45:26.123", "ms"),
+            ("2000-12-15 13:45:26", "s", "2000-12-15 13:45:26", "s"),
+            ("2000-12-15 13:45:26", "min", "2000-12-15 13:45", "min"),
+            ("2000-12-15 13:45:26", "h", "2000-12-15 13:00", "h"),
+            ("2000-12-15", "Y", "2000", "Y-DEC"),
+            ("2000-12-15", "Q", "2000Q4", "Q-DEC"),
+            ("2000-12-15", "M", "2000-12", "M"),
+            ("2000-12-15", "W", "2000-12-11/2000-12-17", "W-SUN"),
+            ("2000-12-15", "D", "2000-12-15", "D"),
+            ("2000-12-15", "B", "2000-12-15", "B"),
+        ),
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(
+        "ignore:Period with BDay freq is deprecated:FutureWarning"
+    )
+    def test_repr(self, str_ts, freq, str_res, str_freq):
+        p = Period(str_ts, freq=freq)
+        assert str(p) == str_res
+        assert repr(p) == f"Period('{str_res}', '{str_freq}')"
+
+    def test_repr_nat(self):
+        p = Period("nat", freq="M")
+        assert repr(NaT) in repr(p)
+
+    def test_strftime(self):
+        # GH#3363
+        p = Period("2000-1-1 12:34:12", freq="s")
+        res = p.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+        assert res == "2000-01-01 12:34:12"
+        assert isinstance(res, str)
+
+
+class TestPeriodProperties:
+    """Test properties such as year, month, weekday, etc...."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("freq", ["Y", "M", "D", "h"])
+    def test_is_leap_year(self, freq):
+        # GH 13727
+        p = Period("2000-01-01 00:00:00", freq=freq)
+        assert p.is_leap_year
+        assert isinstance(p.is_leap_year, bool)
+
+        p = Period("1999-01-01 00:00:00", freq=freq)
+        assert not p.is_leap_year
+
+        p = Period("2004-01-01 00:00:00", freq=freq)
+        assert p.is_leap_year
+
+        p = Period("2100-01-01 00:00:00", freq=freq)
+        assert not p.is_leap_year
+
+    def test_quarterly_negative_ordinals(self):
+        p = Period(ordinal=-1, freq="Q-DEC")
+        assert p.year == 1969
+        assert p.quarter == 4
+        assert isinstance(p, Period)
+
+        p = Period(ordinal=-2, freq="Q-DEC")
+        assert p.year == 1969
+        assert p.quarter == 3
+        assert isinstance(p, Period)
+
+        p = Period(ordinal=-2, freq="M")
+        assert p.year == 1969
+        assert p.month == 11
+        assert isinstance(p, Period)
+
+    def test_freq_str(self):
+        i1 = Period("1982", freq="Min")
+        assert i1.freq == offsets.Minute()
+        assert i1.freqstr == "min"
+
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings(
+        "ignore:Period with BDay freq is deprecated:FutureWarning"
+    )
+    def test_period_deprecated_freq(self):
+        cases = {
+            "M": ["MTH", "MONTH", "MONTHLY", "Mth", "month", "monthly"],
+            "B": ["BUS", "BUSINESS", "BUSINESSLY", "WEEKDAY", "bus"],
+            "D": ["DAY", "DLY", "DAILY", "Day", "Dly", "Daily"],
+            "h": ["HR", "HOUR", "HRLY", "HOURLY", "hr", "Hour", "HRly"],
+            "min": ["minute", "MINUTE", "MINUTELY", "minutely"],
+            "s": ["sec", "SEC", "SECOND", "SECONDLY", "second"],
+            "ms": ["MILLISECOND", "MILLISECONDLY", "millisecond"],
+            "us": ["MICROSECOND", "MICROSECONDLY", "microsecond"],
+            "ns": ["NANOSECOND", "NANOSECONDLY", "nanosecond"],
+        }
+
+        msg = INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+        for exp, freqs in cases.items():
+            for freq in freqs:
+                with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+                    Period("2016-03-01 09:00", freq=freq)
+                with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+                    Period(ordinal=1, freq=freq)
+
+            # check supported freq-aliases still works
+            p1 = Period("2016-03-01 09:00", freq=exp)
+            p2 = Period(ordinal=1, freq=exp)
+            assert isinstance(p1, Period)
+            assert isinstance(p2, Period)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _period_constructor(bound, offset):
+        return Period(
+            year=bound.year,
+            month=bound.month,
+            day=bound.day,
+            hour=bound.hour,
+            minute=bound.minute,
+            second=bound.second + offset,
+            freq="us",
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("bound, offset", [(Timestamp.min, -1), (Timestamp.max, 1)])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("period_property", ["start_time", "end_time"])
+    def test_outer_bounds_start_and_end_time(self, bound, offset, period_property):
+        # GH #13346
+        period = TestPeriodProperties._period_constructor(bound, offset)
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match="Out of bounds nanosecond"):
+            getattr(period, period_property)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("bound, offset", [(Timestamp.min, -1), (Timestamp.max, 1)])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("period_property", ["start_time", "end_time"])
+    def test_inner_bounds_start_and_end_time(self, bound, offset, period_property):
+        # GH #13346
+        period = TestPeriodProperties._period_constructor(bound, -offset)
+        expected = period.to_timestamp().round(freq="s")
+        assert getattr(period, period_property).round(freq="s") == expected
+        expected = (bound - offset * Timedelta(1, unit="s")).floor("s")
+        assert getattr(period, period_property).floor("s") == expected
+
+    def test_start_time(self):
+        freq_lst = ["Y", "Q", "M", "D", "h", "min", "s"]
+        xp = datetime(2012, 1, 1)
+        for f in freq_lst:
+            p = Period("2012", freq=f)
+            assert p.start_time == xp
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert Period("2012", freq="B").start_time == datetime(2012, 1, 2)
+        assert Period("2012", freq="W").start_time == datetime(2011, 12, 26)
+
+    def test_end_time(self):
+        p = Period("2012", freq="Y")
+
+        def _ex(*args):
+            return Timestamp(Timestamp(datetime(*args)).as_unit("ns")._value - 1)
+
+        xp = _ex(2013, 1, 1)
+        assert xp == p.end_time
+
+        p = Period("2012", freq="Q")
+        xp = _ex(2012, 4, 1)
+        assert xp == p.end_time
+
+        p = Period("2012", freq="M")
+        xp = _ex(2012, 2, 1)
+        assert xp == p.end_time
+
+        p = Period("2012", freq="D")
+        xp = _ex(2012, 1, 2)
+        assert xp == p.end_time
+
+        p = Period("2012", freq="h")
+        xp = _ex(2012, 1, 1, 1)
+        assert xp == p.end_time
+
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            p = Period("2012", freq="B")
+            xp = _ex(2012, 1, 3)
+            assert xp == p.end_time
+
+        p = Period("2012", freq="W")
+        xp = _ex(2012, 1, 2)
+        assert xp == p.end_time
+
+        # Test for GH 11738
+        p = Period("2012", freq="15D")
+        xp = _ex(2012, 1, 16)
+        assert xp == p.end_time
+
+        p = Period("2012", freq="1D1h")
+        xp = _ex(2012, 1, 2, 1)
+        assert xp == p.end_time
+
+        p = Period("2012", freq="1h1D")
+        xp = _ex(2012, 1, 2, 1)
+        assert xp == p.end_time
+
+    def test_end_time_business_friday(self):
+        # GH#34449
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            per = Period("1990-01-05", "B")
+            result = per.end_time
+
+        expected = Timestamp("1990-01-06") - Timedelta(nanoseconds=1)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_anchor_week_end_time(self):
+        def _ex(*args):
+            return Timestamp(Timestamp(datetime(*args)).as_unit("ns")._value - 1)
+
+        p = Period("2013-1-1", "W-SAT")
+        xp = _ex(2013, 1, 6)
+        assert p.end_time == xp
+
+    def test_properties_annually(self):
+        # Test properties on Periods with annually frequency.
+        a_date = Period(freq="Y", year=2007)
+        assert a_date.year == 2007
+
+    def test_properties_quarterly(self):
+        # Test properties on Periods with daily frequency.
+        qedec_date = Period(freq="Q-DEC", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        qejan_date = Period(freq="Q-JAN", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        qejun_date = Period(freq="Q-JUN", year=2007, quarter=1)
+        #
+        for x in range(3):
+            for qd in (qedec_date, qejan_date, qejun_date):
+                assert (qd + x).qyear == 2007
+                assert (qd + x).quarter == x + 1
+
+    def test_properties_monthly(self):
+        # Test properties on Periods with daily frequency.
+        m_date = Period(freq="M", year=2007, month=1)
+        for x in range(11):
+            m_ival_x = m_date + x
+            assert m_ival_x.year == 2007
+            if 1 <= x + 1 <= 3:
+                assert m_ival_x.quarter == 1
+            elif 4 <= x + 1 <= 6:
+                assert m_ival_x.quarter == 2
+            elif 7 <= x + 1 <= 9:
+                assert m_ival_x.quarter == 3
+            elif 10 <= x + 1 <= 12:
+                assert m_ival_x.quarter == 4
+            assert m_ival_x.month == x + 1
+
+    def test_properties_weekly(self):
+        # Test properties on Periods with daily frequency.
+        w_date = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        #
+        assert w_date.year == 2007
+        assert w_date.quarter == 1
+        assert w_date.month == 1
+        assert w_date.week == 1
+        assert (w_date - 1).week == 52
+        assert w_date.days_in_month == 31
+        assert Period(freq="W", year=2012, month=2, day=1).days_in_month == 29
+
+    def test_properties_weekly_legacy(self):
+        # Test properties on Periods with daily frequency.
+        w_date = Period(freq="W", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+        assert w_date.year == 2007
+        assert w_date.quarter == 1
+        assert w_date.month == 1
+        assert w_date.week == 1
+        assert (w_date - 1).week == 52
+        assert w_date.days_in_month == 31
+
+        exp = Period(freq="W", year=2012, month=2, day=1)
+        assert exp.days_in_month == 29
+
+        msg = INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Period(freq="WK", year=2007, month=1, day=7)
+
+    def test_properties_daily(self):
+        # Test properties on Periods with daily frequency.
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            b_date = Period(freq="B", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+        #
+        assert b_date.year == 2007
+        assert b_date.quarter == 1
+        assert b_date.month == 1
+        assert b_date.day == 1
+        assert b_date.weekday == 0
+        assert b_date.dayofyear == 1
+        assert b_date.days_in_month == 31
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+            assert Period(freq="B", year=2012, month=2, day=1).days_in_month == 29
+
+        d_date = Period(freq="D", year=2007, month=1, day=1)
+
+        assert d_date.year == 2007
+        assert d_date.quarter == 1
+        assert d_date.month == 1
+        assert d_date.day == 1
+        assert d_date.weekday == 0
+        assert d_date.dayofyear == 1
+        assert d_date.days_in_month == 31
+        assert Period(freq="D", year=2012, month=2, day=1).days_in_month == 29
+
+    def test_properties_hourly(self):
+        # Test properties on Periods with hourly frequency.
+        h_date1 = Period(freq="h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+        h_date2 = Period(freq="2h", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0)
+
+        for h_date in [h_date1, h_date2]:
+            assert h_date.year == 2007
+            assert h_date.quarter == 1
+            assert h_date.month == 1
+            assert h_date.day == 1
+            assert h_date.weekday == 0
+            assert h_date.dayofyear == 1
+            assert h_date.hour == 0
+            assert h_date.days_in_month == 31
+            assert (
+                Period(freq="h", year=2012, month=2, day=1, hour=0).days_in_month == 29
+            )
+
+    def test_properties_minutely(self):
+        # Test properties on Periods with minutely frequency.
+        t_date = Period(freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0)
+        #
+        assert t_date.quarter == 1
+        assert t_date.month == 1
+        assert t_date.day == 1
+        assert t_date.weekday == 0
+        assert t_date.dayofyear == 1
+        assert t_date.hour == 0
+        assert t_date.minute == 0
+        assert t_date.days_in_month == 31
+        assert (
+            Period(freq="D", year=2012, month=2, day=1, hour=0, minute=0).days_in_month
+            == 29
+        )
+
+    def test_properties_secondly(self):
+        # Test properties on Periods with secondly frequency.
+        s_date = Period(
+            freq="Min", year=2007, month=1, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+        )
+        #
+        assert s_date.year == 2007
+        assert s_date.quarter == 1
+        assert s_date.month == 1
+        assert s_date.day == 1
+        assert s_date.weekday == 0
+        assert s_date.dayofyear == 1
+        assert s_date.hour == 0
+        assert s_date.minute == 0
+        assert s_date.second == 0
+        assert s_date.days_in_month == 31
+        assert (
+            Period(
+                freq="Min", year=2012, month=2, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0
+            ).days_in_month
+            == 29
+        )
+
+
+class TestPeriodComparisons:
+    def test_sort_periods(self):
+        jan = Period("2000-01", "M")
+        feb = Period("2000-02", "M")
+        mar = Period("2000-03", "M")
+        periods = [mar, jan, feb]
+        correctPeriods = [jan, feb, mar]
+        assert sorted(periods) == correctPeriods
+
+
+def test_period_immutable():
+    # see gh-17116
+    msg = "not writable"
+
+    per = Period("2014Q1")
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg):
+        per.ordinal = 14
+
+    freq = per.freq
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg):
+        per.freq = 2 * freq
+
+
+def test_small_year_parsing():
+    per1 = Period("0001-01-07", "D")
+    assert per1.year == 1
+    assert per1.day == 7
+
+
+def test_negone_ordinals():
+    freqs = ["Y", "M", "Q", "D", "h", "min", "s"]
+
+    period = Period(ordinal=-1, freq="D")
+    for freq in freqs:
+        repr(period.asfreq(freq))
+
+    for freq in freqs:
+        period = Period(ordinal=-1, freq=freq)
+        repr(period)
+        assert period.year == 1969
+
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=bday_msg):
+        period = Period(ordinal=-1, freq="B")
+    repr(period)
+    period = Period(ordinal=-1, freq="W")
+    repr(period)
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/__init__.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_arithmetic.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_arithmetic.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4d846f068d0012fb67f066e68950b6128ee4030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_arithmetic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1183 @@
+"""
+Tests for scalar Timedelta arithmetic ops
+"""
+from datetime import (
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+)
+import operator
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas.errors import OutOfBoundsTimedelta
+
+import pandas as pd
+from pandas import (
+    NaT,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+    offsets,
+)
+import pandas._testing as tm
+from pandas.core import ops
+
+
+class TestTimedeltaAdditionSubtraction:
+    """
+    Tests for Timedelta methods:
+
+        __add__, __radd__,
+        __sub__, __rsub__
+    """
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "ten_seconds",
+        [
+            Timedelta(10, unit="s"),
+            timedelta(seconds=10),
+            np.timedelta64(10, "s"),
+            np.timedelta64(10000000000, "ns"),
+            offsets.Second(10),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_td_add_sub_ten_seconds(self, ten_seconds):
+        # GH#6808
+        base = Timestamp("20130101 09:01:12.123456")
+        expected_add = Timestamp("20130101 09:01:22.123456")
+        expected_sub = Timestamp("20130101 09:01:02.123456")
+
+        result = base + ten_seconds
+        assert result == expected_add
+
+        result = base - ten_seconds
+        assert result == expected_sub
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "one_day_ten_secs",
+        [
+            Timedelta("1 day, 00:00:10"),
+            Timedelta("1 days, 00:00:10"),
+            timedelta(days=1, seconds=10),
+            np.timedelta64(1, "D") + np.timedelta64(10, "s"),
+            offsets.Day() + offsets.Second(10),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_td_add_sub_one_day_ten_seconds(self, one_day_ten_secs):
+        # GH#6808
+        base = Timestamp("20130102 09:01:12.123456")
+        expected_add = Timestamp("20130103 09:01:22.123456")
+        expected_sub = Timestamp("20130101 09:01:02.123456")
+
+        result = base + one_day_ten_secs
+        assert result == expected_add
+
+        result = base - one_day_ten_secs
+        assert result == expected_sub
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [operator.add, ops.radd])
+    def test_td_add_datetimelike_scalar(self, op):
+        # GH#19738
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+
+        result = op(td, datetime(2016, 1, 1))
+        if op is operator.add:
+            # datetime + Timedelta does _not_ call Timedelta.__radd__,
+            # so we get a datetime back instead of a Timestamp
+            assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+        assert result == Timestamp(2016, 1, 11)
+
+        result = op(td, Timestamp("2018-01-12 18:09"))
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+        assert result == Timestamp("2018-01-22 18:09")
+
+        result = op(td, np.datetime64("2018-01-12"))
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+        assert result == Timestamp("2018-01-22")
+
+        result = op(td, NaT)
+        assert result is NaT
+
+    def test_td_add_timestamp_overflow(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("1700-01-01").as_unit("ns")
+        msg = "Cannot cast 259987 from D to 'ns' without overflow."
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+            ts + Timedelta(13 * 19999, unit="D")
+
+        msg = "Cannot cast 259987 days 00:00:00 to unit='ns' without overflow"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+            ts + timedelta(days=13 * 19999)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [operator.add, ops.radd])
+    def test_td_add_td(self, op):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+
+        result = op(td, Timedelta(days=10))
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(days=20)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [operator.add, ops.radd])
+    def test_td_add_pytimedelta(self, op):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        result = op(td, timedelta(days=9))
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(days=19)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [operator.add, ops.radd])
+    def test_td_add_timedelta64(self, op):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        result = op(td, np.timedelta64(-4, "D"))
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(days=6)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [operator.add, ops.radd])
+    def test_td_add_offset(self, op):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+
+        result = op(td, offsets.Hour(6))
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(days=10, hours=6)
+
+    def test_td_sub_td(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        expected = Timedelta(0, unit="ns")
+        result = td - td
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_td_sub_pytimedelta(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        expected = Timedelta(0, unit="ns")
+
+        result = td - td.to_pytimedelta()
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = td.to_pytimedelta() - td
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_td_sub_timedelta64(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        expected = Timedelta(0, unit="ns")
+
+        result = td - td.to_timedelta64()
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = td.to_timedelta64() - td
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_td_sub_nat(self):
+        # In this context pd.NaT is treated as timedelta-like
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        result = td - NaT
+        assert result is NaT
+
+    def test_td_sub_td64_nat(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        td_nat = np.timedelta64("NaT")
+
+        result = td - td_nat
+        assert result is NaT
+
+        result = td_nat - td
+        assert result is NaT
+
+    def test_td_sub_offset(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        result = td - offsets.Hour(1)
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(239, unit="h")
+
+    def test_td_add_sub_numeric_raises(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        msg = "unsupported operand type"
+        for other in [2, 2.0, np.int64(2), np.float64(2)]:
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                td + other
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                other + td
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                td - other
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                other - td
+
+    def test_td_add_sub_int_ndarray(self):
+        td = Timedelta("1 day")
+        other = np.array([1])
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for \+: 'Timedelta' and 'int'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            td + np.array([1])
+
+        msg = "|".join(
+            [
+                (
+                    r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for \+: 'numpy.ndarray' "
+                    "and 'Timedelta'"
+                ),
+                # This message goes on to say "Please do not rely on this error;
+                #  it may not be given on all Python implementations"
+                "Concatenation operation is not implemented for NumPy arrays",
+            ]
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            other + td
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for -: 'Timedelta' and 'int'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            td - other
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for -: 'numpy.ndarray' and 'Timedelta'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            other - td
+
+    def test_td_rsub_nat(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        result = NaT - td
+        assert result is NaT
+
+        result = np.datetime64("NaT") - td
+        assert result is NaT
+
+    def test_td_rsub_offset(self):
+        result = offsets.Hour(1) - Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(-239, unit="h")
+
+    def test_td_sub_timedeltalike_object_dtype_array(self):
+        # GH#21980
+        arr = np.array([Timestamp("20130101 9:01"), Timestamp("20121230 9:02")])
+        exp = np.array([Timestamp("20121231 9:01"), Timestamp("20121229 9:02")])
+        res = arr - Timedelta("1D")
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(res, exp)
+
+    def test_td_sub_mixed_most_timedeltalike_object_dtype_array(self):
+        # GH#21980
+        now = Timestamp("2021-11-09 09:54:00")
+        arr = np.array([now, Timedelta("1D"), np.timedelta64(2, "h")])
+        exp = np.array(
+            [
+                now - Timedelta("1D"),
+                Timedelta("0D"),
+                np.timedelta64(2, "h") - Timedelta("1D"),
+            ]
+        )
+        res = arr - Timedelta("1D")
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(res, exp)
+
+    def test_td_rsub_mixed_most_timedeltalike_object_dtype_array(self):
+        # GH#21980
+        now = Timestamp("2021-11-09 09:54:00")
+        arr = np.array([now, Timedelta("1D"), np.timedelta64(2, "h")])
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for \-: 'Timedelta' and 'Timestamp'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timedelta("1D") - arr
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [operator.add, ops.radd])
+    def test_td_add_timedeltalike_object_dtype_array(self, op):
+        # GH#21980
+        arr = np.array([Timestamp("20130101 9:01"), Timestamp("20121230 9:02")])
+        exp = np.array([Timestamp("20130102 9:01"), Timestamp("20121231 9:02")])
+        res = op(arr, Timedelta("1D"))
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(res, exp)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [operator.add, ops.radd])
+    def test_td_add_mixed_timedeltalike_object_dtype_array(self, op):
+        # GH#21980
+        now = Timestamp("2021-11-09 09:54:00")
+        arr = np.array([now, Timedelta("1D")])
+        exp = np.array([now + Timedelta("1D"), Timedelta("2D")])
+        res = op(arr, Timedelta("1D"))
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(res, exp)
+
+    def test_td_add_sub_td64_ndarray(self):
+        td = Timedelta("1 day")
+
+        other = np.array([td.to_timedelta64()])
+        expected = np.array([Timedelta("2 Days").to_timedelta64()])
+
+        result = td + other
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+        result = other + td
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = td - other
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected * 0)
+        result = other - td
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected * 0)
+
+    def test_td_add_sub_dt64_ndarray(self):
+        td = Timedelta("1 day")
+        other = np.array(["2000-01-01"], dtype="M8[ns]")
+
+        expected = np.array(["2000-01-02"], dtype="M8[ns]")
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(td + other, expected)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(other + td, expected)
+
+        expected = np.array(["1999-12-31"], dtype="M8[ns]")
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(-td + other, expected)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(other - td, expected)
+
+    def test_td_add_sub_ndarray_0d(self):
+        td = Timedelta("1 day")
+        other = np.array(td.asm8)
+
+        result = td + other
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == 2 * td
+
+        result = other + td
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == 2 * td
+
+        result = other - td
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == 0 * td
+
+        result = td - other
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == 0 * td
+
+
+class TestTimedeltaMultiplicationDivision:
+    """
+    Tests for Timedelta methods:
+
+        __mul__, __rmul__,
+        __div__, __rdiv__,
+        __truediv__, __rtruediv__,
+        __floordiv__, __rfloordiv__,
+        __mod__, __rmod__,
+        __divmod__, __rdivmod__
+    """
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timedelta.__mul__, __rmul__
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "td_nat", [NaT, np.timedelta64("NaT", "ns"), np.timedelta64("NaT")]
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [operator.mul, ops.rmul])
+    def test_td_mul_nat(self, op, td_nat):
+        # GH#19819
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        typs = "|".join(["numpy.timedelta64", "NaTType", "Timedelta"])
+        msg = "|".join(
+            [
+                rf"unsupported operand type\(s\) for \*: '{typs}' and '{typs}'",
+                r"ufunc '?multiply'? cannot use operands with types",
+            ]
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            op(td, td_nat)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("nan", [np.nan, np.float64("NaN"), float("nan")])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [operator.mul, ops.rmul])
+    def test_td_mul_nan(self, op, nan):
+        # np.float64('NaN') has a 'dtype' attr, avoid treating as array
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        result = op(td, nan)
+        assert result is NaT
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", [operator.mul, ops.rmul])
+    def test_td_mul_scalar(self, op):
+        # GH#19738
+        td = Timedelta(minutes=3)
+
+        result = op(td, 2)
+        assert result == Timedelta(minutes=6)
+
+        result = op(td, 1.5)
+        assert result == Timedelta(minutes=4, seconds=30)
+
+        assert op(td, np.nan) is NaT
+
+        assert op(-1, td)._value == -1 * td._value
+        assert op(-1.0, td)._value == -1.0 * td._value
+
+        msg = "unsupported operand type"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            # timedelta * datetime is gibberish
+            op(td, Timestamp(2016, 1, 2))
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            # invalid multiply with another timedelta
+            op(td, td)
+
+    def test_td_mul_numeric_ndarray(self):
+        td = Timedelta("1 day")
+        other = np.array([2])
+        expected = np.array([Timedelta("2 Days").to_timedelta64()])
+
+        result = td * other
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = other * td
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+    def test_td_mul_numeric_ndarray_0d(self):
+        td = Timedelta("1 day")
+        other = np.array(2, dtype=np.int64)
+        assert other.ndim == 0
+        expected = Timedelta("2 days")
+
+        res = td * other
+        assert type(res) is Timedelta
+        assert res == expected
+
+        res = other * td
+        assert type(res) is Timedelta
+        assert res == expected
+
+    def test_td_mul_td64_ndarray_invalid(self):
+        td = Timedelta("1 day")
+        other = np.array([Timedelta("2 Days").to_timedelta64()])
+
+        msg = (
+            "ufunc '?multiply'? cannot use operands with types "
+            rf"dtype\('{tm.ENDIAN}m8\[ns\]'\) and dtype\('{tm.ENDIAN}m8\[ns\]'\)"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            td * other
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            other * td
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timedelta.__div__, __truediv__
+
+    def test_td_div_timedeltalike_scalar(self):
+        # GH#19738
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+
+        result = td / offsets.Hour(1)
+        assert result == 240
+
+        assert td / td == 1
+        assert td / np.timedelta64(60, "h") == 4
+
+        assert np.isnan(td / NaT)
+
+    def test_td_div_td64_non_nano(self):
+        # truediv
+        td = Timedelta("1 days 2 hours 3 ns")
+        result = td / np.timedelta64(1, "D")
+        assert result == td._value / (86400 * 10**9)
+        result = td / np.timedelta64(1, "s")
+        assert result == td._value / 10**9
+        result = td / np.timedelta64(1, "ns")
+        assert result == td._value
+
+        # floordiv
+        td = Timedelta("1 days 2 hours 3 ns")
+        result = td // np.timedelta64(1, "D")
+        assert result == 1
+        result = td // np.timedelta64(1, "s")
+        assert result == 93600
+        result = td // np.timedelta64(1, "ns")
+        assert result == td._value
+
+    def test_td_div_numeric_scalar(self):
+        # GH#19738
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+
+        result = td / 2
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(days=5)
+
+        result = td / 5
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(days=2)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "nan",
+        [
+            np.nan,
+            np.float64("NaN"),
+            float("nan"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_td_div_nan(self, nan):
+        # np.float64('NaN') has a 'dtype' attr, avoid treating as array
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        result = td / nan
+        assert result is NaT
+
+        result = td // nan
+        assert result is NaT
+
+    def test_td_div_td64_ndarray(self):
+        td = Timedelta("1 day")
+
+        other = np.array([Timedelta("2 Days").to_timedelta64()])
+        expected = np.array([0.5])
+
+        result = td / other
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = other / td
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected * 4)
+
+    def test_td_div_ndarray_0d(self):
+        td = Timedelta("1 day")
+
+        other = np.array(1)
+        res = td / other
+        assert isinstance(res, Timedelta)
+        assert res == td
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timedelta.__rdiv__
+
+    def test_td_rdiv_timedeltalike_scalar(self):
+        # GH#19738
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        result = offsets.Hour(1) / td
+        assert result == 1 / 240.0
+
+        assert np.timedelta64(60, "h") / td == 0.25
+
+    def test_td_rdiv_na_scalar(self):
+        # GH#31869 None gets cast to NaT
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+
+        result = NaT / td
+        assert np.isnan(result)
+
+        result = None / td
+        assert np.isnan(result)
+
+        result = np.timedelta64("NaT") / td
+        assert np.isnan(result)
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for /: 'numpy.datetime64' and 'Timedelta'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            np.datetime64("NaT") / td
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for /: 'float' and 'Timedelta'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            np.nan / td
+
+    def test_td_rdiv_ndarray(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+
+        arr = np.array([td], dtype=object)
+        result = arr / td
+        expected = np.array([1], dtype=np.float64)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        arr = np.array([None])
+        result = arr / td
+        expected = np.array([np.nan])
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        arr = np.array([np.nan], dtype=object)
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for /: 'float' and 'Timedelta'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            arr / td
+
+        arr = np.array([np.nan], dtype=np.float64)
+        msg = "cannot use operands with types dtype"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            arr / td
+
+    def test_td_rdiv_ndarray_0d(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+
+        arr = np.array(td.asm8)
+
+        assert arr / td == 1
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timedelta.__floordiv__
+
+    def test_td_floordiv_timedeltalike_scalar(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=4)
+        scalar = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=3)
+
+        assert td // scalar == 1
+        assert -td // scalar.to_pytimedelta() == -2
+        assert (2 * td) // scalar.to_timedelta64() == 2
+
+    def test_td_floordiv_null_scalar(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=4)
+
+        assert td // np.nan is NaT
+        assert np.isnan(td // NaT)
+        assert np.isnan(td // np.timedelta64("NaT"))
+
+    def test_td_floordiv_offsets(self):
+        # GH#19738
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=4)
+        assert td // offsets.Hour(1) == 3
+        assert td // offsets.Minute(2) == 92
+
+    def test_td_floordiv_invalid_scalar(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=4)
+
+        msg = "|".join(
+            [
+                r"Invalid dtype datetime64\[D\] for __floordiv__",
+                "'dtype' is an invalid keyword argument for this function",
+                "this function got an unexpected keyword argument 'dtype'",
+                r"ufunc '?floor_divide'? cannot use operands with types",
+            ]
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            td // np.datetime64("2016-01-01", dtype="datetime64[us]")
+
+    def test_td_floordiv_numeric_scalar(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=4)
+
+        expected = Timedelta(hours=1, minutes=32)
+        assert td // 2 == expected
+        assert td // 2.0 == expected
+        assert td // np.float64(2.0) == expected
+        assert td // np.int32(2.0) == expected
+        assert td // np.uint8(2.0) == expected
+
+    def test_td_floordiv_timedeltalike_array(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=4)
+        scalar = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=3)
+
+        # Array-like others
+        assert td // np.array(scalar.to_timedelta64()) == 1
+
+        res = (3 * td) // np.array([scalar.to_timedelta64()])
+        expected = np.array([3], dtype=np.int64)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+        res = (10 * td) // np.array([scalar.to_timedelta64(), np.timedelta64("NaT")])
+        expected = np.array([10, np.nan])
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+    def test_td_floordiv_numeric_series(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=4)
+        ser = pd.Series([1], dtype=np.int64)
+        res = td // ser
+        assert res.dtype.kind == "m"
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timedelta.__rfloordiv__
+
+    def test_td_rfloordiv_timedeltalike_scalar(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=3)
+        scalar = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=4)
+
+        # scalar others
+        # x // Timedelta is defined only for timedelta-like x. int-like,
+        # float-like, and date-like, in particular, should all either
+        # a) raise TypeError directly or
+        # b) return NotImplemented, following which the reversed
+        #    operation will raise TypeError.
+        assert td.__rfloordiv__(scalar) == 1
+        assert (-td).__rfloordiv__(scalar.to_pytimedelta()) == -2
+        assert (2 * td).__rfloordiv__(scalar.to_timedelta64()) == 0
+
+    def test_td_rfloordiv_null_scalar(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=3)
+
+        assert np.isnan(td.__rfloordiv__(NaT))
+        assert np.isnan(td.__rfloordiv__(np.timedelta64("NaT")))
+
+    def test_td_rfloordiv_offsets(self):
+        # GH#19738
+        assert offsets.Hour(1) // Timedelta(minutes=25) == 2
+
+    def test_td_rfloordiv_invalid_scalar(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=3)
+
+        dt64 = np.datetime64("2016-01-01", "us")
+
+        assert td.__rfloordiv__(dt64) is NotImplemented
+
+        msg = (
+            r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for //: 'numpy.datetime64' and 'Timedelta'"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            dt64 // td
+
+    def test_td_rfloordiv_numeric_scalar(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=3)
+
+        assert td.__rfloordiv__(np.nan) is NotImplemented
+        assert td.__rfloordiv__(3.5) is NotImplemented
+        assert td.__rfloordiv__(2) is NotImplemented
+        assert td.__rfloordiv__(np.float64(2.0)) is NotImplemented
+        assert td.__rfloordiv__(np.uint8(9)) is NotImplemented
+        assert td.__rfloordiv__(np.int32(2.0)) is NotImplemented
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for //: '.*' and 'Timedelta"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            np.float64(2.0) // td
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            np.uint8(9) // td
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            # deprecated GH#19761, enforced GH#29797
+            np.int32(2.0) // td
+
+    def test_td_rfloordiv_timedeltalike_array(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=3)
+        scalar = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=4)
+
+        # Array-like others
+        assert td.__rfloordiv__(np.array(scalar.to_timedelta64())) == 1
+
+        res = td.__rfloordiv__(np.array([(3 * scalar).to_timedelta64()]))
+        expected = np.array([3], dtype=np.int64)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+        arr = np.array([(10 * scalar).to_timedelta64(), np.timedelta64("NaT")])
+        res = td.__rfloordiv__(arr)
+        expected = np.array([10, np.nan])
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(res, expected)
+
+    def test_td_rfloordiv_intarray(self):
+        # deprecated GH#19761, enforced GH#29797
+        ints = np.array([1349654400, 1349740800, 1349827200, 1349913600]) * 10**9
+
+        msg = "Invalid dtype"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ints // Timedelta(1, unit="s")
+
+    def test_td_rfloordiv_numeric_series(self):
+        # GH#18846
+        td = Timedelta(hours=3, minutes=3)
+        ser = pd.Series([1], dtype=np.int64)
+        res = td.__rfloordiv__(ser)
+        assert res is NotImplemented
+
+        msg = "Invalid dtype"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            # Deprecated GH#19761, enforced GH#29797
+            ser // td
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timedelta.__mod__, __rmod__
+
+    def test_mod_timedeltalike(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(hours=37)
+
+        # Timedelta-like others
+        result = td % Timedelta(hours=6)
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(hours=1)
+
+        result = td % timedelta(minutes=60)
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(0)
+
+        result = td % NaT
+        assert result is NaT
+
+    def test_mod_timedelta64_nat(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(hours=37)
+
+        result = td % np.timedelta64("NaT", "ns")
+        assert result is NaT
+
+    def test_mod_timedelta64(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(hours=37)
+
+        result = td % np.timedelta64(2, "h")
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(hours=1)
+
+    def test_mod_offset(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(hours=37)
+
+        result = td % offsets.Hour(5)
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(hours=2)
+
+    def test_mod_numeric(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(hours=37)
+
+        # Numeric Others
+        result = td % 2
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(0)
+
+        result = td % 1e12
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(minutes=3, seconds=20)
+
+        result = td % int(1e12)
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(minutes=3, seconds=20)
+
+    def test_mod_invalid(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(hours=37)
+        msg = "unsupported operand type"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            td % Timestamp("2018-01-22")
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            td % []
+
+    def test_rmod_pytimedelta(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(minutes=3)
+
+        result = timedelta(minutes=4) % td
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(minutes=1)
+
+    def test_rmod_timedelta64(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(minutes=3)
+        result = np.timedelta64(5, "m") % td
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta(minutes=2)
+
+    def test_rmod_invalid(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(minutes=3)
+
+        msg = "unsupported operand"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2018-01-22") % td
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            15 % td
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            16.0 % td
+
+        msg = "Invalid dtype int"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            np.array([22, 24]) % td
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Timedelta.__divmod__, __rdivmod__
+
+    def test_divmod_numeric(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(days=2, hours=6)
+
+        result = divmod(td, 53 * 3600 * 1e9)
+        assert result[0] == Timedelta(1, unit="ns")
+        assert isinstance(result[1], Timedelta)
+        assert result[1] == Timedelta(hours=1)
+
+        assert result
+        result = divmod(td, np.nan)
+        assert result[0] is NaT
+        assert result[1] is NaT
+
+    def test_divmod(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(days=2, hours=6)
+
+        result = divmod(td, timedelta(days=1))
+        assert result[0] == 2
+        assert isinstance(result[1], Timedelta)
+        assert result[1] == Timedelta(hours=6)
+
+        result = divmod(td, 54)
+        assert result[0] == Timedelta(hours=1)
+        assert isinstance(result[1], Timedelta)
+        assert result[1] == Timedelta(0)
+
+        result = divmod(td, NaT)
+        assert np.isnan(result[0])
+        assert result[1] is NaT
+
+    def test_divmod_offset(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(days=2, hours=6)
+
+        result = divmod(td, offsets.Hour(-4))
+        assert result[0] == -14
+        assert isinstance(result[1], Timedelta)
+        assert result[1] == Timedelta(hours=-2)
+
+    def test_divmod_invalid(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(days=2, hours=6)
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for //: 'Timedelta' and 'Timestamp'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            divmod(td, Timestamp("2018-01-22"))
+
+    def test_rdivmod_pytimedelta(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        result = divmod(timedelta(days=2, hours=6), Timedelta(days=1))
+        assert result[0] == 2
+        assert isinstance(result[1], Timedelta)
+        assert result[1] == Timedelta(hours=6)
+
+    def test_rdivmod_offset(self):
+        result = divmod(offsets.Hour(54), Timedelta(hours=-4))
+        assert result[0] == -14
+        assert isinstance(result[1], Timedelta)
+        assert result[1] == Timedelta(hours=-2)
+
+    def test_rdivmod_invalid(self):
+        # GH#19365
+        td = Timedelta(minutes=3)
+        msg = "unsupported operand type"
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            divmod(Timestamp("2018-01-22"), td)
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            divmod(15, td)
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            divmod(16.0, td)
+
+        msg = "Invalid dtype int"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            divmod(np.array([22, 24]), td)
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "op", [operator.mul, ops.rmul, operator.truediv, ops.rdiv, ops.rsub]
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "arr",
+        [
+            np.array([Timestamp("20130101 9:01"), Timestamp("20121230 9:02")]),
+            np.array([Timestamp("2021-11-09 09:54:00"), Timedelta("1D")]),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_td_op_timedelta_timedeltalike_array(self, op, arr):
+        msg = "unsupported operand type|cannot use operands with types"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            op(arr, Timedelta("1D"))
+
+
+class TestTimedeltaComparison:
+    @pytest.mark.skip_ubsan
+    def test_compare_pytimedelta_bounds(self):
+        # GH#49021 don't overflow on comparison with very large pytimedeltas
+
+        for unit in ["ns", "us"]:
+            tdmax = Timedelta.max.as_unit(unit).max
+            tdmin = Timedelta.min.as_unit(unit).min
+
+            assert tdmax < timedelta.max
+            assert tdmax <= timedelta.max
+            assert not tdmax > timedelta.max
+            assert not tdmax >= timedelta.max
+            assert tdmax != timedelta.max
+            assert not tdmax == timedelta.max
+
+            assert tdmin > timedelta.min
+            assert tdmin >= timedelta.min
+            assert not tdmin < timedelta.min
+            assert not tdmin <= timedelta.min
+            assert tdmin != timedelta.min
+            assert not tdmin == timedelta.min
+
+        # But the "ms" and "s"-reso bounds extend pass pytimedelta
+        for unit in ["ms", "s"]:
+            tdmax = Timedelta.max.as_unit(unit).max
+            tdmin = Timedelta.min.as_unit(unit).min
+
+            assert tdmax > timedelta.max
+            assert tdmax >= timedelta.max
+            assert not tdmax < timedelta.max
+            assert not tdmax <= timedelta.max
+            assert tdmax != timedelta.max
+            assert not tdmax == timedelta.max
+
+            assert tdmin < timedelta.min
+            assert tdmin <= timedelta.min
+            assert not tdmin > timedelta.min
+            assert not tdmin >= timedelta.min
+            assert tdmin != timedelta.min
+            assert not tdmin == timedelta.min
+
+    def test_compare_pytimedelta_bounds2(self):
+        # a pytimedelta outside the microsecond bounds
+        pytd = timedelta(days=999999999, seconds=86399)
+        # NB: np.timedelta64(td, "s"") incorrectly overflows
+        td64 = np.timedelta64(pytd.days, "D") + np.timedelta64(pytd.seconds, "s")
+        td = Timedelta(td64)
+        assert td.days == pytd.days
+        assert td.seconds == pytd.seconds
+
+        assert td == pytd
+        assert not td != pytd
+        assert not td < pytd
+        assert not td > pytd
+        assert td <= pytd
+        assert td >= pytd
+
+        td2 = td - Timedelta(seconds=1).as_unit("s")
+        assert td2 != pytd
+        assert not td2 == pytd
+        assert td2 < pytd
+        assert td2 <= pytd
+        assert not td2 > pytd
+        assert not td2 >= pytd
+
+    def test_compare_tick(self, tick_classes):
+        cls = tick_classes
+
+        off = cls(4)
+        td = off._as_pd_timedelta
+        assert isinstance(td, Timedelta)
+
+        assert td == off
+        assert not td != off
+        assert td <= off
+        assert td >= off
+        assert not td < off
+        assert not td > off
+
+        assert not td == 2 * off
+        assert td != 2 * off
+        assert td <= 2 * off
+        assert td < 2 * off
+        assert not td >= 2 * off
+        assert not td > 2 * off
+
+    def test_comparison_object_array(self):
+        # analogous to GH#15183
+        td = Timedelta("2 days")
+        other = Timedelta("3 hours")
+
+        arr = np.array([other, td], dtype=object)
+        res = arr == td
+        expected = np.array([False, True], dtype=bool)
+        assert (res == expected).all()
+
+        # 2D case
+        arr = np.array([[other, td], [td, other]], dtype=object)
+        res = arr != td
+        expected = np.array([[True, False], [False, True]], dtype=bool)
+        assert res.shape == expected.shape
+        assert (res == expected).all()
+
+    def test_compare_timedelta_ndarray(self):
+        # GH#11835
+        periods = [Timedelta("0 days 01:00:00"), Timedelta("0 days 01:00:00")]
+        arr = np.array(periods)
+        result = arr[0] > arr
+        expected = np.array([False, False])
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+    def test_compare_td64_ndarray(self):
+        # GG#33441
+        arr = np.arange(5).astype("timedelta64[ns]")
+        td = Timedelta(arr[1])
+
+        expected = np.array([False, True, False, False, False], dtype=bool)
+
+        result = td == arr
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = arr == td
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = td != arr
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, ~expected)
+
+        result = arr != td
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, ~expected)
+
+    def test_compare_custom_object(self):
+        """
+        Make sure non supported operations on Timedelta returns NonImplemented
+        and yields to other operand (GH#20829).
+        """
+
+        class CustomClass:
+            def __init__(self, cmp_result=None) -> None:
+                self.cmp_result = cmp_result
+
+            def generic_result(self):
+                if self.cmp_result is None:
+                    return NotImplemented
+                else:
+                    return self.cmp_result
+
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return self.generic_result()
+
+            def __gt__(self, other):
+                return self.generic_result()
+
+        t = Timedelta("1s")
+
+        assert t != "string"
+        assert t != 1
+        assert t != CustomClass()
+        assert t != CustomClass(cmp_result=False)
+
+        assert t < CustomClass(cmp_result=True)
+        assert not t < CustomClass(cmp_result=False)
+
+        assert t == CustomClass(cmp_result=True)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("val", ["string", 1])
+    def test_compare_unknown_type(self, val):
+        # GH#20829
+        t = Timedelta("1s")
+        msg = "not supported between instances of 'Timedelta' and '(int|str)'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            t >= val
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            t > val
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            t <= val
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            t < val
+
+
+def test_ops_notimplemented():
+    class Other:
+        pass
+
+    other = Other()
+
+    td = Timedelta("1 day")
+    assert td.__add__(other) is NotImplemented
+    assert td.__sub__(other) is NotImplemented
+    assert td.__truediv__(other) is NotImplemented
+    assert td.__mul__(other) is NotImplemented
+    assert td.__floordiv__(other) is NotImplemented
+
+
+def test_ops_error_str():
+    # GH#13624
+    td = Timedelta("1 day")
+
+    for left, right in [(td, "a"), ("a", td)]:
+        msg = "|".join(
+            [
+                "unsupported operand type",
+                r'can only concatenate str \(not "Timedelta"\) to str',
+                "must be str, not Timedelta",
+            ]
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            left + right
+
+        msg = "not supported between instances of"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            left > right
+
+        assert not left == right  # pylint: disable=unneeded-not
+        assert left != right
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_constructors.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_constructors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4663f8cb719616cadd6e946c987e76bc3d979b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_constructors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,698 @@
+from datetime import timedelta
+from itertools import product
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import OutOfBoundsTimedelta
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+
+from pandas import (
+    Index,
+    NaT,
+    Timedelta,
+    TimedeltaIndex,
+    offsets,
+    to_timedelta,
+)
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestTimedeltaConstructorUnitKeyword:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["Y", "y", "M"])
+    def test_unit_m_y_raises(self, unit):
+        msg = "Units 'M', 'Y', and 'y' are no longer supported"
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timedelta(10, unit)
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            to_timedelta(10, unit)
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            to_timedelta([1, 2], unit)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "unit,unit_depr",
+        [
+            ("h", "H"),
+            ("min", "T"),
+            ("s", "S"),
+            ("ms", "L"),
+            ("ns", "N"),
+            ("us", "U"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_units_H_T_S_L_N_U_deprecated(self, unit, unit_depr):
+        # GH#52536
+        msg = f"'{unit_depr}' is deprecated and will be removed in a future version."
+
+        expected = Timedelta(1, unit=unit)
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, match=msg):
+            result = Timedelta(1, unit=unit_depr)
+        tm.assert_equal(result, expected)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "unit, np_unit",
+        [(value, "W") for value in ["W", "w"]]
+        + [(value, "D") for value in ["D", "d", "days", "day", "Days", "Day"]]
+        + [
+            (value, "m")
+            for value in [
+                "m",
+                "minute",
+                "min",
+                "minutes",
+                "Minute",
+                "Min",
+                "Minutes",
+            ]
+        ]
+        + [
+            (value, "s")
+            for value in [
+                "s",
+                "seconds",
+                "sec",
+                "second",
+                "Seconds",
+                "Sec",
+                "Second",
+            ]
+        ]
+        + [
+            (value, "ms")
+            for value in [
+                "ms",
+                "milliseconds",
+                "millisecond",
+                "milli",
+                "millis",
+                "MS",
+                "Milliseconds",
+                "Millisecond",
+                "Milli",
+                "Millis",
+            ]
+        ]
+        + [
+            (value, "us")
+            for value in [
+                "us",
+                "microseconds",
+                "microsecond",
+                "micro",
+                "micros",
+                "u",
+                "US",
+                "Microseconds",
+                "Microsecond",
+                "Micro",
+                "Micros",
+                "U",
+            ]
+        ]
+        + [
+            (value, "ns")
+            for value in [
+                "ns",
+                "nanoseconds",
+                "nanosecond",
+                "nano",
+                "nanos",
+                "n",
+                "NS",
+                "Nanoseconds",
+                "Nanosecond",
+                "Nano",
+                "Nanos",
+                "N",
+            ]
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("wrapper", [np.array, list, Index])
+    def test_unit_parser(self, unit, np_unit, wrapper):
+        # validate all units, GH 6855, GH 21762
+        # array-likes
+        expected = TimedeltaIndex(
+            [np.timedelta64(i, np_unit) for i in np.arange(5).tolist()],
+            dtype="m8[ns]",
+        )
+        # TODO(2.0): the desired output dtype may have non-nano resolution
+        msg = f"'{unit}' is deprecated and will be removed in a future version."
+
+        if (unit, np_unit) in (("u", "us"), ("U", "us"), ("n", "ns"), ("N", "ns")):
+            warn = FutureWarning
+        else:
+            warn = FutureWarning
+            msg = "The 'unit' keyword in TimedeltaIndex construction is deprecated"
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
+            result = to_timedelta(wrapper(range(5)), unit=unit)
+            tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
+            result = TimedeltaIndex(wrapper(range(5)), unit=unit)
+            tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
+
+            str_repr = [f"{x}{unit}" for x in np.arange(5)]
+            result = to_timedelta(wrapper(str_repr))
+            tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
+            result = to_timedelta(wrapper(str_repr))
+            tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
+
+            # scalar
+            expected = Timedelta(np.timedelta64(2, np_unit).astype("timedelta64[ns]"))
+            result = to_timedelta(2, unit=unit)
+            assert result == expected
+            result = Timedelta(2, unit=unit)
+            assert result == expected
+
+            result = to_timedelta(f"2{unit}")
+            assert result == expected
+            result = Timedelta(f"2{unit}")
+            assert result == expected
+
+
+def test_construct_from_kwargs_overflow():
+    # GH#55503
+    msg = "seconds=86400000000000000000, milliseconds=0, microseconds=0, nanoseconds=0"
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(days=10**6)
+    msg = "seconds=60000000000000000000, milliseconds=0, microseconds=0, nanoseconds=0"
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(minutes=10**9)
+
+
+def test_construct_with_weeks_unit_overflow():
+    # GH#47268 don't silently wrap around
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match="without overflow"):
+        Timedelta(1000000000000000000, unit="W")
+
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match="without overflow"):
+        Timedelta(1000000000000000000.0, unit="W")
+
+
+def test_construct_from_td64_with_unit():
+    # ignore the unit, as it may cause silently overflows leading to incorrect
+    #  results, and in non-overflow cases is irrelevant GH#46827
+    obj = np.timedelta64(123456789000000000, "h")
+
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match="123456789000000000 hours"):
+        Timedelta(obj, unit="ps")
+
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match="123456789000000000 hours"):
+        Timedelta(obj, unit="ns")
+
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match="123456789000000000 hours"):
+        Timedelta(obj)
+
+
+def test_from_td64_retain_resolution():
+    # case where we retain millisecond resolution
+    obj = np.timedelta64(12345, "ms")
+
+    td = Timedelta(obj)
+    assert td._value == obj.view("i8")
+    assert td._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value
+
+    # Case where we cast to nearest-supported reso
+    obj2 = np.timedelta64(1234, "D")
+    td2 = Timedelta(obj2)
+    assert td2._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+    assert td2 == obj2
+    assert td2.days == 1234
+
+    # Case that _would_ overflow if we didn't support non-nano
+    obj3 = np.timedelta64(1000000000000000000, "us")
+    td3 = Timedelta(obj3)
+    assert td3.total_seconds() == 1000000000000
+    assert td3._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+
+
+def test_from_pytimedelta_us_reso():
+    # pytimedelta has microsecond resolution, so Timedelta(pytd) inherits that
+    td = timedelta(days=4, minutes=3)
+    result = Timedelta(td)
+    assert result.to_pytimedelta() == td
+    assert result._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+
+
+def test_from_tick_reso():
+    tick = offsets.Nano()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ns.value
+
+    tick = offsets.Micro()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+
+    tick = offsets.Milli()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value
+
+    tick = offsets.Second()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+
+    # everything above Second gets cast to the closest supported reso: second
+    tick = offsets.Minute()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+
+    tick = offsets.Hour()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+
+    tick = offsets.Day()
+    assert Timedelta(tick)._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+
+
+def test_construction():
+    expected = np.timedelta64(10, "D").astype("m8[ns]").view("i8")
+    assert Timedelta(10, unit="d")._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(10.0, unit="d")._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta("10 days")._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(days=10)._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(days=10.0)._value == expected
+
+    expected += np.timedelta64(10, "s").astype("m8[ns]").view("i8")
+    assert Timedelta("10 days 00:00:10")._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(days=10, seconds=10)._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(days=10, milliseconds=10 * 1000)._value == expected
+    assert Timedelta(days=10, microseconds=10 * 1000 * 1000)._value == expected
+
+    # rounding cases
+    assert Timedelta(82739999850000)._value == 82739999850000
+    assert "0 days 22:58:59.999850" in str(Timedelta(82739999850000))
+    assert Timedelta(123072001000000)._value == 123072001000000
+    assert "1 days 10:11:12.001" in str(Timedelta(123072001000000))
+
+    # string conversion with/without leading zero
+    # GH#9570
+    assert Timedelta("0:00:00") == timedelta(hours=0)
+    assert Timedelta("00:00:00") == timedelta(hours=0)
+    assert Timedelta("-1:00:00") == -timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("-01:00:00") == -timedelta(hours=1)
+
+    # more strings & abbrevs
+    # GH#8190
+    assert Timedelta("1 h") == timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 hour") == timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 hr") == timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 hours") == timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("-1 hours") == -timedelta(hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 m") == timedelta(minutes=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1.5 m") == timedelta(seconds=90)
+    assert Timedelta("1 minute") == timedelta(minutes=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 minutes") == timedelta(minutes=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 s") == timedelta(seconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 second") == timedelta(seconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 seconds") == timedelta(seconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 ms") == timedelta(milliseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 milli") == timedelta(milliseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 millisecond") == timedelta(milliseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 us") == timedelta(microseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 µs") == timedelta(microseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 micros") == timedelta(microseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1 microsecond") == timedelta(microseconds=1)
+    assert Timedelta("1.5 microsecond") == Timedelta("00:00:00.000001500")
+    assert Timedelta("1 ns") == Timedelta("00:00:00.000000001")
+    assert Timedelta("1 nano") == Timedelta("00:00:00.000000001")
+    assert Timedelta("1 nanosecond") == Timedelta("00:00:00.000000001")
+
+    # combos
+    assert Timedelta("10 days 1 hour") == timedelta(days=10, hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("10 days 1 h") == timedelta(days=10, hours=1)
+    assert Timedelta("10 days 1 h 1m 1s") == timedelta(
+        days=10, hours=1, minutes=1, seconds=1
+    )
+    assert Timedelta("-10 days 1 h 1m 1s") == -timedelta(
+        days=10, hours=1, minutes=1, seconds=1
+    )
+    assert Timedelta("-10 days 1 h 1m 1s") == -timedelta(
+        days=10, hours=1, minutes=1, seconds=1
+    )
+    assert Timedelta("-10 days 1 h 1m 1s 3us") == -timedelta(
+        days=10, hours=1, minutes=1, seconds=1, microseconds=3
+    )
+    assert Timedelta("-10 days 1 h 1.5m 1s 3us") == -timedelta(
+        days=10, hours=1, minutes=1, seconds=31, microseconds=3
+    )
+
+    # Currently invalid as it has a - on the hh:mm:dd part
+    # (only allowed on the days)
+    msg = "only leading negative signs are allowed"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta("-10 days -1 h 1.5m 1s 3us")
+
+    # only leading neg signs are allowed
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta("10 days -1 h 1.5m 1s 3us")
+
+    # no units specified
+    msg = "no units specified"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta("3.1415")
+
+    # invalid construction
+    msg = "cannot construct a Timedelta"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta()
+
+    msg = "unit abbreviation w/o a number"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta("foo")
+
+    msg = (
+        "cannot construct a Timedelta from "
+        "the passed arguments, allowed keywords are "
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(day=10)
+
+    # floats
+    expected = np.timedelta64(10, "s").astype("m8[ns]").view("i8") + np.timedelta64(
+        500, "ms"
+    ).astype("m8[ns]").view("i8")
+    assert Timedelta(10.5, unit="s")._value == expected
+
+    # offset
+    assert to_timedelta(offsets.Hour(2)) == Timedelta(hours=2)
+    assert Timedelta(offsets.Hour(2)) == Timedelta(hours=2)
+    assert Timedelta(offsets.Second(2)) == Timedelta(seconds=2)
+
+    # GH#11995: unicode
+    expected = Timedelta("1h")
+    result = Timedelta("1h")
+    assert result == expected
+    assert to_timedelta(offsets.Hour(2)) == Timedelta("0 days, 02:00:00")
+
+    msg = "unit abbreviation w/o a number"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta("foo bar")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "item",
+    list(
+        {
+            "days": "D",
+            "seconds": "s",
+            "microseconds": "us",
+            "milliseconds": "ms",
+            "minutes": "m",
+            "hours": "h",
+            "weeks": "W",
+        }.items()
+    ),
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "npdtype", [np.int64, np.int32, np.int16, np.float64, np.float32, np.float16]
+)
+def test_td_construction_with_np_dtypes(npdtype, item):
+    # GH#8757: test construction with np dtypes
+    pykwarg, npkwarg = item
+    expected = np.timedelta64(1, npkwarg).astype("m8[ns]").view("i8")
+    assert Timedelta(**{pykwarg: npdtype(1)})._value == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "val",
+    [
+        "1s",
+        "-1s",
+        "1us",
+        "-1us",
+        "1 day",
+        "-1 day",
+        "-23:59:59.999999",
+        "-1 days +23:59:59.999999",
+        "-1ns",
+        "1ns",
+        "-23:59:59.999999999",
+    ],
+)
+def test_td_from_repr_roundtrip(val):
+    # round-trip both for string and value
+    td = Timedelta(val)
+    assert Timedelta(td._value) == td
+
+    assert Timedelta(str(td)) == td
+    assert Timedelta(td._repr_base(format="all")) == td
+    assert Timedelta(td._repr_base()) == td
+
+
+def test_overflow_on_construction():
+    # GH#3374
+    value = Timedelta("1day")._value * 20169940
+    msg = "Cannot cast 1742682816000000000000 from ns to 'ns' without overflow"
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(value)
+
+    # xref GH#17637
+    msg = "Cannot cast 139993 from D to 'ns' without overflow"
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(7 * 19999, unit="D")
+
+    # used to overflow before non-ns support
+    td = Timedelta(timedelta(days=13 * 19999))
+    assert td._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+    assert td.days == 13 * 19999
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "val, unit",
+    [
+        (15251, "W"),  # 1
+        (106752, "D"),  # change from previous:
+        (2562048, "h"),  # 0 hours
+        (153722868, "m"),  # 13 minutes
+        (9223372037, "s"),  # 44 seconds
+    ],
+)
+def test_construction_out_of_bounds_td64ns(val, unit):
+    # TODO: parametrize over units just above/below the implementation bounds
+    #  once GH#38964 is resolved
+
+    # Timedelta.max is just under 106752 days
+    td64 = np.timedelta64(val, unit)
+    assert td64.astype("m8[ns]").view("i8") < 0  # i.e. naive astype will be wrong
+
+    td = Timedelta(td64)
+    if unit != "M":
+        # with unit="M" the conversion to "s" is poorly defined
+        #  (and numpy issues DeprecationWarning)
+        assert td.asm8 == td64
+    assert td.asm8.dtype == "m8[s]"
+    msg = r"Cannot cast 1067\d\d days .* to unit='ns' without overflow"
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        td.as_unit("ns")
+
+    # But just back in bounds and we are OK
+    assert Timedelta(td64 - 1) == td64 - 1
+
+    td64 *= -1
+    assert td64.astype("m8[ns]").view("i8") > 0  # i.e. naive astype will be wrong
+
+    td2 = Timedelta(td64)
+    msg = r"Cannot cast -1067\d\d days .* to unit='ns' without overflow"
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        td2.as_unit("ns")
+
+    # But just back in bounds and we are OK
+    assert Timedelta(td64 + 1) == td64 + 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "val, unit",
+    [
+        (15251 * 10**9, "W"),
+        (106752 * 10**9, "D"),
+        (2562048 * 10**9, "h"),
+        (153722868 * 10**9, "m"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_construction_out_of_bounds_td64s(val, unit):
+    td64 = np.timedelta64(val, unit)
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=str(td64)):
+        Timedelta(td64)
+
+    # But just back in bounds and we are OK
+    assert Timedelta(td64 - 10**9) == td64 - 10**9
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "fmt,exp",
+    [
+        (
+            "P6DT0H50M3.010010012S",
+            Timedelta(
+                days=6,
+                minutes=50,
+                seconds=3,
+                milliseconds=10,
+                microseconds=10,
+                nanoseconds=12,
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            "P-6DT0H50M3.010010012S",
+            Timedelta(
+                days=-6,
+                minutes=50,
+                seconds=3,
+                milliseconds=10,
+                microseconds=10,
+                nanoseconds=12,
+            ),
+        ),
+        ("P4DT12H30M5S", Timedelta(days=4, hours=12, minutes=30, seconds=5)),
+        ("P0DT0H0M0.000000123S", Timedelta(nanoseconds=123)),
+        ("P0DT0H0M0.00001S", Timedelta(microseconds=10)),
+        ("P0DT0H0M0.001S", Timedelta(milliseconds=1)),
+        ("P0DT0H1M0S", Timedelta(minutes=1)),
+        ("P1DT25H61M61S", Timedelta(days=1, hours=25, minutes=61, seconds=61)),
+        ("PT1S", Timedelta(seconds=1)),
+        ("PT0S", Timedelta(seconds=0)),
+        ("P1WT0S", Timedelta(days=7, seconds=0)),
+        ("P1D", Timedelta(days=1)),
+        ("P1DT1H", Timedelta(days=1, hours=1)),
+        ("P1W", Timedelta(days=7)),
+        ("PT300S", Timedelta(seconds=300)),
+        ("P1DT0H0M00000000000S", Timedelta(days=1)),
+        ("PT-6H3M", Timedelta(hours=-6, minutes=3)),
+        ("-PT6H3M", Timedelta(hours=-6, minutes=-3)),
+        ("-PT-6H+3M", Timedelta(hours=6, minutes=-3)),
+    ],
+)
+def test_iso_constructor(fmt, exp):
+    assert Timedelta(fmt) == exp
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "fmt",
+    [
+        "PPPPPPPPPPPP",
+        "PDTHMS",
+        "P0DT999H999M999S",
+        "P1DT0H0M0.0000000000000S",
+        "P1DT0H0M0.S",
+        "P",
+        "-P",
+    ],
+)
+def test_iso_constructor_raises(fmt):
+    msg = f"Invalid ISO 8601 Duration format - {fmt}"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(fmt)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "constructed_td, conversion",
+    [
+        (Timedelta(nanoseconds=100), "100ns"),
+        (
+            Timedelta(
+                days=1,
+                hours=1,
+                minutes=1,
+                weeks=1,
+                seconds=1,
+                milliseconds=1,
+                microseconds=1,
+                nanoseconds=1,
+            ),
+            694861001001001,
+        ),
+        (Timedelta(microseconds=1) + Timedelta(nanoseconds=1), "1us1ns"),
+        (Timedelta(microseconds=1) - Timedelta(nanoseconds=1), "999ns"),
+        (Timedelta(microseconds=1) + 5 * Timedelta(nanoseconds=-2), "990ns"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_td_constructor_on_nanoseconds(constructed_td, conversion):
+    # GH#9273
+    assert constructed_td == Timedelta(conversion)
+
+
+def test_td_constructor_value_error():
+    msg = "Invalid type . Must be int or float."
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(nanoseconds="abc")
+
+
+def test_timedelta_constructor_identity():
+    # Test for #30543
+    expected = Timedelta(np.timedelta64(1, "s"))
+    result = Timedelta(expected)
+    assert result is expected
+
+
+def test_timedelta_pass_td_and_kwargs_raises():
+    # don't silently ignore the kwargs GH#48898
+    td = Timedelta(days=1)
+    msg = (
+        "Cannot pass both a Timedelta input and timedelta keyword arguments, "
+        r"got \['days'\]"
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(td, days=2)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "constructor, value, unit, expectation",
+    [
+        (Timedelta, "10s", "ms", (ValueError, "unit must not be specified")),
+        (to_timedelta, "10s", "ms", (ValueError, "unit must not be specified")),
+        (to_timedelta, ["1", 2, 3], "s", (ValueError, "unit must not be specified")),
+    ],
+)
+def test_string_with_unit(constructor, value, unit, expectation):
+    exp, match = expectation
+    with pytest.raises(exp, match=match):
+        _ = constructor(value, unit=unit)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value",
+    [
+        "".join(elements)
+        for repetition in (1, 2)
+        for elements in product("+-, ", repeat=repetition)
+    ],
+)
+def test_string_without_numbers(value):
+    # GH39710 Timedelta input string with only symbols and no digits raises an error
+    msg = (
+        "symbols w/o a number"
+        if value != "--"
+        else "only leading negative signs are allowed"
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(value)
+
+
+def test_timedelta_new_npnat():
+    # GH#48898
+    nat = np.timedelta64("NaT", "h")
+    assert Timedelta(nat) is NaT
+
+
+def test_subclass_respected():
+    # GH#49579
+    class MyCustomTimedelta(Timedelta):
+        pass
+
+    td = MyCustomTimedelta("1 minute")
+    assert isinstance(td, MyCustomTimedelta)
+
+
+def test_non_nano_value():
+    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/49076
+    result = Timedelta(10, unit="D").as_unit("s").value
+    # `.value` shows nanoseconds, even though unit is 's'
+    assert result == 864000000000000
+
+    # out-of-nanoseconds-bounds `.value` raises informative message
+    msg = (
+        r"Cannot convert Timedelta to nanoseconds without overflow. "
+        r"Use `.asm8.view\('i8'\)` to cast represent Timedelta in its "
+        r"own unit \(here, s\).$"
+    )
+    td = Timedelta(1_000, "D").as_unit("s") * 1_000
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=msg):
+        td.value
+    # check that the suggested workaround actually works
+    result = td.asm8.view("i8")
+    assert result == 86400000000
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_formats.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_formats.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e1b0076d5b7b99f4baba3f18ccf84d8054a31087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_formats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import Timedelta
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "td, expected_repr",
+    [
+        (Timedelta(10, unit="d"), "Timedelta('10 days 00:00:00')"),
+        (Timedelta(10, unit="s"), "Timedelta('0 days 00:00:10')"),
+        (Timedelta(10, unit="ms"), "Timedelta('0 days 00:00:00.010000')"),
+        (Timedelta(-10, unit="ms"), "Timedelta('-1 days +23:59:59.990000')"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_repr(td, expected_repr):
+    assert repr(td) == expected_repr
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "td, expected_iso",
+    [
+        (
+            Timedelta(
+                days=6,
+                minutes=50,
+                seconds=3,
+                milliseconds=10,
+                microseconds=10,
+                nanoseconds=12,
+            ),
+            "P6DT0H50M3.010010012S",
+        ),
+        (Timedelta(days=4, hours=12, minutes=30, seconds=5), "P4DT12H30M5S"),
+        (Timedelta(nanoseconds=123), "P0DT0H0M0.000000123S"),
+        # trim nano
+        (Timedelta(microseconds=10), "P0DT0H0M0.00001S"),
+        # trim micro
+        (Timedelta(milliseconds=1), "P0DT0H0M0.001S"),
+        # don't strip every 0
+        (Timedelta(minutes=1), "P0DT0H1M0S"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_isoformat(td, expected_iso):
+    assert td.isoformat() == expected_iso
+
+
+class TestReprBase:
+    def test_none(self):
+        delta_1d = Timedelta(1, unit="D")
+        delta_0d = Timedelta(0, unit="D")
+        delta_1s = Timedelta(1, unit="s")
+        delta_500ms = Timedelta(500, unit="ms")
+
+        drepr = lambda x: x._repr_base()
+        assert drepr(delta_1d) == "1 days"
+        assert drepr(-delta_1d) == "-1 days"
+        assert drepr(delta_0d) == "0 days"
+        assert drepr(delta_1s) == "0 days 00:00:01"
+        assert drepr(delta_500ms) == "0 days 00:00:00.500000"
+        assert drepr(delta_1d + delta_1s) == "1 days 00:00:01"
+        assert drepr(-delta_1d + delta_1s) == "-1 days +00:00:01"
+        assert drepr(delta_1d + delta_500ms) == "1 days 00:00:00.500000"
+        assert drepr(-delta_1d + delta_500ms) == "-1 days +00:00:00.500000"
+
+    def test_sub_day(self):
+        delta_1d = Timedelta(1, unit="D")
+        delta_0d = Timedelta(0, unit="D")
+        delta_1s = Timedelta(1, unit="s")
+        delta_500ms = Timedelta(500, unit="ms")
+
+        drepr = lambda x: x._repr_base(format="sub_day")
+        assert drepr(delta_1d) == "1 days"
+        assert drepr(-delta_1d) == "-1 days"
+        assert drepr(delta_0d) == "00:00:00"
+        assert drepr(delta_1s) == "00:00:01"
+        assert drepr(delta_500ms) == "00:00:00.500000"
+        assert drepr(delta_1d + delta_1s) == "1 days 00:00:01"
+        assert drepr(-delta_1d + delta_1s) == "-1 days +00:00:01"
+        assert drepr(delta_1d + delta_500ms) == "1 days 00:00:00.500000"
+        assert drepr(-delta_1d + delta_500ms) == "-1 days +00:00:00.500000"
+
+    def test_long(self):
+        delta_1d = Timedelta(1, unit="D")
+        delta_0d = Timedelta(0, unit="D")
+        delta_1s = Timedelta(1, unit="s")
+        delta_500ms = Timedelta(500, unit="ms")
+
+        drepr = lambda x: x._repr_base(format="long")
+        assert drepr(delta_1d) == "1 days 00:00:00"
+        assert drepr(-delta_1d) == "-1 days +00:00:00"
+        assert drepr(delta_0d) == "0 days 00:00:00"
+        assert drepr(delta_1s) == "0 days 00:00:01"
+        assert drepr(delta_500ms) == "0 days 00:00:00.500000"
+        assert drepr(delta_1d + delta_1s) == "1 days 00:00:01"
+        assert drepr(-delta_1d + delta_1s) == "-1 days +00:00:01"
+        assert drepr(delta_1d + delta_500ms) == "1 days 00:00:00.500000"
+        assert drepr(-delta_1d + delta_500ms) == "-1 days +00:00:00.500000"
+
+    def test_all(self):
+        delta_1d = Timedelta(1, unit="D")
+        delta_0d = Timedelta(0, unit="D")
+        delta_1ns = Timedelta(1, unit="ns")
+
+        drepr = lambda x: x._repr_base(format="all")
+        assert drepr(delta_1d) == "1 days 00:00:00.000000000"
+        assert drepr(-delta_1d) == "-1 days +00:00:00.000000000"
+        assert drepr(delta_0d) == "0 days 00:00:00.000000000"
+        assert drepr(delta_1ns) == "0 days 00:00:00.000000001"
+        assert drepr(-delta_1d + delta_1ns) == "-1 days +00:00:00.000000001"
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_timedelta.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_timedelta.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4398f66e6f890a26dc90d540766d71d7857ad67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_timedelta.py
@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+""" test the scalar Timedelta """
+from datetime import timedelta
+import sys
+
+from hypothesis import (
+    given,
+    strategies as st,
+)
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs import lib
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import (
+    NaT,
+    iNaT,
+)
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+from pandas.errors import OutOfBoundsTimedelta
+
+from pandas import (
+    Timedelta,
+    to_timedelta,
+)
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestNonNano:
+    @pytest.fixture(params=["s", "ms", "us"])
+    def unit_str(self, request):
+        return request.param
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def unit(self, unit_str):
+        # 7, 8, 9 correspond to second, millisecond, and microsecond, respectively
+        attr = f"NPY_FR_{unit_str}"
+        return getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, attr).value
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def val(self, unit):
+        # microsecond that would be just out of bounds for nano
+        us = 9223372800000000
+        if unit == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value:
+            value = us
+        elif unit == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value:
+            value = us // 1000
+        else:
+            value = us // 1_000_000
+        return value
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def td(self, unit, val):
+        return Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(val, unit)
+
+    def test_from_value_and_reso(self, unit, val):
+        # Just checking that the fixture is giving us what we asked for
+        td = Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(val, unit)
+        assert td._value == val
+        assert td._creso == unit
+        assert td.days == 106752
+
+    def test_unary_non_nano(self, td, unit):
+        assert abs(td)._creso == unit
+        assert (-td)._creso == unit
+        assert (+td)._creso == unit
+
+    def test_sub_preserves_reso(self, td, unit):
+        res = td - td
+        expected = Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(0, unit)
+        assert res == expected
+        assert res._creso == unit
+
+    def test_mul_preserves_reso(self, td, unit):
+        # The td fixture should always be far from the implementation
+        #  bound, so doubling does not risk overflow.
+        res = td * 2
+        assert res._value == td._value * 2
+        assert res._creso == unit
+
+    def test_cmp_cross_reso(self, td):
+        # numpy gets this wrong because of silent overflow
+        other = Timedelta(days=106751, unit="ns")
+        assert other < td
+        assert td > other
+        assert not other == td
+        assert td != other
+
+    def test_to_pytimedelta(self, td):
+        res = td.to_pytimedelta()
+        expected = timedelta(days=106752)
+        assert type(res) is timedelta
+        assert res == expected
+
+    def test_to_timedelta64(self, td, unit):
+        for res in [td.to_timedelta64(), td.to_numpy(), td.asm8]:
+            assert isinstance(res, np.timedelta64)
+            assert res.view("i8") == td._value
+            if unit == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value:
+                assert res.dtype == "m8[s]"
+            elif unit == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value:
+                assert res.dtype == "m8[ms]"
+            elif unit == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value:
+                assert res.dtype == "m8[us]"
+
+    def test_truediv_timedeltalike(self, td):
+        assert td / td == 1
+        assert (2.5 * td) / td == 2.5
+
+        other = Timedelta(td._value)
+        msg = "Cannot cast 106752 days 00:00:00 to unit='ns' without overflow."
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+            td / other
+
+        # Timedelta(other.to_pytimedelta()) has microsecond resolution,
+        #  so the division doesn't require casting all the way to nanos,
+        #  so succeeds
+        res = other.to_pytimedelta() / td
+        expected = other.to_pytimedelta() / td.to_pytimedelta()
+        assert res == expected
+
+        # if there's no overflow, we cast to the higher reso
+        left = Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(50, NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value)
+        right = Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(50, NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value)
+        result = left / right
+        assert result == 0.001
+
+        result = right / left
+        assert result == 1000
+
+    def test_truediv_numeric(self, td):
+        assert td / np.nan is NaT
+
+        res = td / 2
+        assert res._value == td._value / 2
+        assert res._creso == td._creso
+
+        res = td / 2.0
+        assert res._value == td._value / 2
+        assert res._creso == td._creso
+
+    def test_floordiv_timedeltalike(self, td):
+        assert td // td == 1
+        assert (2.5 * td) // td == 2
+
+        other = Timedelta(td._value)
+        msg = "Cannot cast 106752 days 00:00:00 to unit='ns' without overflow"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+            td // other
+
+        # Timedelta(other.to_pytimedelta()) has microsecond resolution,
+        #  so the floordiv doesn't require casting all the way to nanos,
+        #  so succeeds
+        res = other.to_pytimedelta() // td
+        assert res == 0
+
+        # if there's no overflow, we cast to the higher reso
+        left = Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(50050, NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value)
+        right = Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(50, NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value)
+        result = left // right
+        assert result == 1
+        result = right // left
+        assert result == 0
+
+    def test_floordiv_numeric(self, td):
+        assert td // np.nan is NaT
+
+        res = td // 2
+        assert res._value == td._value // 2
+        assert res._creso == td._creso
+
+        res = td // 2.0
+        assert res._value == td._value // 2
+        assert res._creso == td._creso
+
+        assert td // np.array(np.nan) is NaT
+
+        res = td // np.array(2)
+        assert res._value == td._value // 2
+        assert res._creso == td._creso
+
+        res = td // np.array(2.0)
+        assert res._value == td._value // 2
+        assert res._creso == td._creso
+
+    def test_addsub_mismatched_reso(self, td):
+        # need to cast to since td is out of bounds for ns, so
+        #  so we would raise OverflowError without casting
+        other = Timedelta(days=1).as_unit("us")
+
+        # td is out of bounds for ns
+        result = td + other
+        assert result._creso == other._creso
+        assert result.days == td.days + 1
+
+        result = other + td
+        assert result._creso == other._creso
+        assert result.days == td.days + 1
+
+        result = td - other
+        assert result._creso == other._creso
+        assert result.days == td.days - 1
+
+        result = other - td
+        assert result._creso == other._creso
+        assert result.days == 1 - td.days
+
+        other2 = Timedelta(500)
+        msg = "Cannot cast 106752 days 00:00:00 to unit='ns' without overflow"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+            td + other2
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+            other2 + td
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+            td - other2
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+            other2 - td
+
+    def test_min(self, td):
+        assert td.min <= td
+        assert td.min._creso == td._creso
+        assert td.min._value == NaT._value + 1
+
+    def test_max(self, td):
+        assert td.max >= td
+        assert td.max._creso == td._creso
+        assert td.max._value == np.iinfo(np.int64).max
+
+    def test_resolution(self, td):
+        expected = Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(1, td._creso)
+        result = td.resolution
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == expected._creso
+
+    def test_hash(self) -> None:
+        # GH#54037
+        second_resolution_max = Timedelta(0).as_unit("s").max
+
+        assert hash(second_resolution_max)
+
+
+def test_timedelta_class_min_max_resolution():
+    # when accessed on the class (as opposed to an instance), we default
+    #  to nanoseconds
+    assert Timedelta.min == Timedelta(NaT._value + 1)
+    assert Timedelta.min._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ns.value
+
+    assert Timedelta.max == Timedelta(np.iinfo(np.int64).max)
+    assert Timedelta.max._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ns.value
+
+    assert Timedelta.resolution == Timedelta(1)
+    assert Timedelta.resolution._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ns.value
+
+
+class TestTimedeltaUnaryOps:
+    def test_invert(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+
+        msg = "bad operand type for unary ~"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ~td
+
+        # check this matches pytimedelta and timedelta64
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ~(td.to_pytimedelta())
+
+        umsg = "ufunc 'invert' not supported for the input types"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=umsg):
+            ~(td.to_timedelta64())
+
+    def test_unary_ops(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+
+        # __neg__, __pos__
+        assert -td == Timedelta(-10, unit="d")
+        assert -td == Timedelta("-10d")
+        assert +td == Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+
+        # __abs__, __abs__(__neg__)
+        assert abs(td) == td
+        assert abs(-td) == td
+        assert abs(-td) == Timedelta("10d")
+
+
+class TestTimedeltas:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "unit, value, expected",
+        [
+            ("us", 9.999, 9999),
+            ("ms", 9.999999, 9999999),
+            ("s", 9.999999999, 9999999999),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_rounding_on_int_unit_construction(self, unit, value, expected):
+        # GH 12690
+        result = Timedelta(value, unit=unit)
+        assert result._value == expected
+        result = Timedelta(str(value) + unit)
+        assert result._value == expected
+
+    def test_total_seconds_scalar(self):
+        # see gh-10939
+        rng = Timedelta("1 days, 10:11:12.100123456")
+        expt = 1 * 86400 + 10 * 3600 + 11 * 60 + 12 + 100123456.0 / 1e9
+        tm.assert_almost_equal(rng.total_seconds(), expt)
+
+        rng = Timedelta(np.nan)
+        assert np.isnan(rng.total_seconds())
+
+    def test_conversion(self):
+        for td in [Timedelta(10, unit="d"), Timedelta("1 days, 10:11:12.012345")]:
+            pydt = td.to_pytimedelta()
+            assert td == Timedelta(pydt)
+            assert td == pydt
+            assert isinstance(pydt, timedelta) and not isinstance(pydt, Timedelta)
+
+            assert td == np.timedelta64(td._value, "ns")
+            td64 = td.to_timedelta64()
+
+            assert td64 == np.timedelta64(td._value, "ns")
+            assert td == td64
+
+            assert isinstance(td64, np.timedelta64)
+
+        # this is NOT equal and cannot be roundtripped (because of the nanos)
+        td = Timedelta("1 days, 10:11:12.012345678")
+        assert td != td.to_pytimedelta()
+
+    def test_fields(self):
+        def check(value):
+            # that we are int
+            assert isinstance(value, int)
+
+        # compat to datetime.timedelta
+        rng = to_timedelta("1 days, 10:11:12")
+        assert rng.days == 1
+        assert rng.seconds == 10 * 3600 + 11 * 60 + 12
+        assert rng.microseconds == 0
+        assert rng.nanoseconds == 0
+
+        msg = "'Timedelta' object has no attribute '{}'"
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg.format("hours")):
+            rng.hours
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg.format("minutes")):
+            rng.minutes
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg.format("milliseconds")):
+            rng.milliseconds
+
+        # GH 10050
+        check(rng.days)
+        check(rng.seconds)
+        check(rng.microseconds)
+        check(rng.nanoseconds)
+
+        td = Timedelta("-1 days, 10:11:12")
+        assert abs(td) == Timedelta("13:48:48")
+        assert str(td) == "-1 days +10:11:12"
+        assert -td == Timedelta("0 days 13:48:48")
+        assert -Timedelta("-1 days, 10:11:12")._value == 49728000000000
+        assert Timedelta("-1 days, 10:11:12")._value == -49728000000000
+
+        rng = to_timedelta("-1 days, 10:11:12.100123456")
+        assert rng.days == -1
+        assert rng.seconds == 10 * 3600 + 11 * 60 + 12
+        assert rng.microseconds == 100 * 1000 + 123
+        assert rng.nanoseconds == 456
+        msg = "'Timedelta' object has no attribute '{}'"
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg.format("hours")):
+            rng.hours
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg.format("minutes")):
+            rng.minutes
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg.format("milliseconds")):
+            rng.milliseconds
+
+        # components
+        tup = to_timedelta(-1, "us").components
+        assert tup.days == -1
+        assert tup.hours == 23
+        assert tup.minutes == 59
+        assert tup.seconds == 59
+        assert tup.milliseconds == 999
+        assert tup.microseconds == 999
+        assert tup.nanoseconds == 0
+
+        # GH 10050
+        check(tup.days)
+        check(tup.hours)
+        check(tup.minutes)
+        check(tup.seconds)
+        check(tup.milliseconds)
+        check(tup.microseconds)
+        check(tup.nanoseconds)
+
+        tup = Timedelta("-1 days 1 us").components
+        assert tup.days == -2
+        assert tup.hours == 23
+        assert tup.minutes == 59
+        assert tup.seconds == 59
+        assert tup.milliseconds == 999
+        assert tup.microseconds == 999
+        assert tup.nanoseconds == 0
+
+    # TODO: this is a test of to_timedelta string parsing
+    def test_iso_conversion(self):
+        # GH #21877
+        expected = Timedelta(1, unit="s")
+        assert to_timedelta("P0DT0H0M1S") == expected
+
+    # TODO: this is a test of to_timedelta returning NaT
+    def test_nat_converters(self):
+        result = to_timedelta("nat").to_numpy()
+        assert result.dtype.kind == "M"
+        assert result.astype("int64") == iNaT
+
+        result = to_timedelta("nan").to_numpy()
+        assert result.dtype.kind == "M"
+        assert result.astype("int64") == iNaT
+
+    def test_numeric_conversions(self):
+        assert Timedelta(0) == np.timedelta64(0, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta(10) == np.timedelta64(10, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta(10, unit="ns") == np.timedelta64(10, "ns")
+
+        assert Timedelta(10, unit="us") == np.timedelta64(10, "us")
+        assert Timedelta(10, unit="ms") == np.timedelta64(10, "ms")
+        assert Timedelta(10, unit="s") == np.timedelta64(10, "s")
+        assert Timedelta(10, unit="d") == np.timedelta64(10, "D")
+
+    def test_timedelta_conversions(self):
+        assert Timedelta(timedelta(seconds=1)) == np.timedelta64(1, "s").astype(
+            "m8[ns]"
+        )
+        assert Timedelta(timedelta(microseconds=1)) == np.timedelta64(1, "us").astype(
+            "m8[ns]"
+        )
+        assert Timedelta(timedelta(days=1)) == np.timedelta64(1, "D").astype("m8[ns]")
+
+    def test_to_numpy_alias(self):
+        # GH 24653: alias .to_numpy() for scalars
+        td = Timedelta("10m7s")
+        assert td.to_timedelta64() == td.to_numpy()
+
+        # GH#44460
+        msg = "dtype and copy arguments are ignored"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            td.to_numpy("m8[s]")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            td.to_numpy(copy=True)
+
+    def test_identity(self):
+        td = Timedelta(10, unit="d")
+        assert isinstance(td, Timedelta)
+        assert isinstance(td, timedelta)
+
+    def test_short_format_converters(self):
+        def conv(v):
+            return v.astype("m8[ns]")
+
+        assert Timedelta("10") == np.timedelta64(10, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("10ns") == np.timedelta64(10, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("100") == np.timedelta64(100, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("100ns") == np.timedelta64(100, "ns")
+
+        assert Timedelta("1000") == np.timedelta64(1000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("1000ns") == np.timedelta64(1000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("1000NS") == np.timedelta64(1000, "ns")
+
+        assert Timedelta("10us") == np.timedelta64(10000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("100us") == np.timedelta64(100000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("1000us") == np.timedelta64(1000000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("1000Us") == np.timedelta64(1000000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("1000uS") == np.timedelta64(1000000, "ns")
+
+        assert Timedelta("1ms") == np.timedelta64(1000000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("10ms") == np.timedelta64(10000000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("100ms") == np.timedelta64(100000000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("1000ms") == np.timedelta64(1000000000, "ns")
+
+        assert Timedelta("-1s") == -np.timedelta64(1000000000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("1s") == np.timedelta64(1000000000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("10s") == np.timedelta64(10000000000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("100s") == np.timedelta64(100000000000, "ns")
+        assert Timedelta("1000s") == np.timedelta64(1000000000000, "ns")
+
+        assert Timedelta("1d") == conv(np.timedelta64(1, "D"))
+        assert Timedelta("-1d") == -conv(np.timedelta64(1, "D"))
+        assert Timedelta("1D") == conv(np.timedelta64(1, "D"))
+        assert Timedelta("10D") == conv(np.timedelta64(10, "D"))
+        assert Timedelta("100D") == conv(np.timedelta64(100, "D"))
+        assert Timedelta("1000D") == conv(np.timedelta64(1000, "D"))
+        assert Timedelta("10000D") == conv(np.timedelta64(10000, "D"))
+
+        # space
+        assert Timedelta(" 10000D ") == conv(np.timedelta64(10000, "D"))
+        assert Timedelta(" - 10000D ") == -conv(np.timedelta64(10000, "D"))
+
+        # invalid
+        msg = "invalid unit abbreviation"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timedelta("1foo")
+        msg = "unit abbreviation w/o a number"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timedelta("foo")
+
+    def test_full_format_converters(self):
+        def conv(v):
+            return v.astype("m8[ns]")
+
+        d1 = np.timedelta64(1, "D")
+
+        assert Timedelta("1days") == conv(d1)
+        assert Timedelta("1days,") == conv(d1)
+        assert Timedelta("- 1days,") == -conv(d1)
+
+        assert Timedelta("00:00:01") == conv(np.timedelta64(1, "s"))
+        assert Timedelta("06:00:01") == conv(np.timedelta64(6 * 3600 + 1, "s"))
+        assert Timedelta("06:00:01.0") == conv(np.timedelta64(6 * 3600 + 1, "s"))
+        assert Timedelta("06:00:01.01") == conv(
+            np.timedelta64(1000 * (6 * 3600 + 1) + 10, "ms")
+        )
+
+        assert Timedelta("- 1days, 00:00:01") == conv(-d1 + np.timedelta64(1, "s"))
+        assert Timedelta("1days, 06:00:01") == conv(
+            d1 + np.timedelta64(6 * 3600 + 1, "s")
+        )
+        assert Timedelta("1days, 06:00:01.01") == conv(
+            d1 + np.timedelta64(1000 * (6 * 3600 + 1) + 10, "ms")
+        )
+
+        # invalid
+        msg = "have leftover units"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timedelta("- 1days, 00")
+
+    def test_pickle(self):
+        v = Timedelta("1 days 10:11:12.0123456")
+        v_p = tm.round_trip_pickle(v)
+        assert v == v_p
+
+    def test_timedelta_hash_equality(self):
+        # GH 11129
+        v = Timedelta(1, "D")
+        td = timedelta(days=1)
+        assert hash(v) == hash(td)
+
+        d = {td: 2}
+        assert d[v] == 2
+
+        tds = [Timedelta(seconds=1) + Timedelta(days=n) for n in range(20)]
+        assert all(hash(td) == hash(td.to_pytimedelta()) for td in tds)
+
+        # python timedeltas drop ns resolution
+        ns_td = Timedelta(1, "ns")
+        assert hash(ns_td) != hash(ns_td.to_pytimedelta())
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_ubsan
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(
+        reason="pd.Timedelta violates the Python hash invariant (GH#44504).",
+    )
+    @given(
+        st.integers(
+            min_value=(-sys.maxsize - 1) // 500,
+            max_value=sys.maxsize // 500,
+        )
+    )
+    def test_hash_equality_invariance(self, half_microseconds: int) -> None:
+        # GH#44504
+
+        nanoseconds = half_microseconds * 500
+
+        pandas_timedelta = Timedelta(nanoseconds)
+        numpy_timedelta = np.timedelta64(nanoseconds)
+
+        # See: https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-hashable
+        # Hashable objects which compare equal must have the same hash value.
+        assert pandas_timedelta != numpy_timedelta or hash(pandas_timedelta) == hash(
+            numpy_timedelta
+        )
+
+    def test_implementation_limits(self):
+        min_td = Timedelta(Timedelta.min)
+        max_td = Timedelta(Timedelta.max)
+
+        # GH 12727
+        # timedelta limits correspond to int64 boundaries
+        assert min_td._value == iNaT + 1
+        assert max_td._value == lib.i8max
+
+        # Beyond lower limit, a NAT before the Overflow
+        assert (min_td - Timedelta(1, "ns")) is NaT
+
+        msg = "int too (large|big) to convert"
+        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=msg):
+            min_td - Timedelta(2, "ns")
+
+        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=msg):
+            max_td + Timedelta(1, "ns")
+
+        # Same tests using the internal nanosecond values
+        td = Timedelta(min_td._value - 1, "ns")
+        assert td is NaT
+
+        msg = "Cannot cast -9223372036854775809 from ns to 'ns' without overflow"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+            Timedelta(min_td._value - 2, "ns")
+
+        msg = "Cannot cast 9223372036854775808 from ns to 'ns' without overflow"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+            Timedelta(max_td._value + 1, "ns")
+
+    def test_total_seconds_precision(self):
+        # GH 19458
+        assert Timedelta("30s").total_seconds() == 30.0
+        assert Timedelta("0").total_seconds() == 0.0
+        assert Timedelta("-2s").total_seconds() == -2.0
+        assert Timedelta("5.324s").total_seconds() == 5.324
+        assert (Timedelta("30s").total_seconds() - 30.0) < 1e-20
+        assert (30.0 - Timedelta("30s").total_seconds()) < 1e-20
+
+    def test_resolution_string(self):
+        assert Timedelta(days=1).resolution_string == "D"
+        assert Timedelta(days=1, hours=6).resolution_string == "h"
+        assert Timedelta(days=1, minutes=6).resolution_string == "min"
+        assert Timedelta(days=1, seconds=6).resolution_string == "s"
+        assert Timedelta(days=1, milliseconds=6).resolution_string == "ms"
+        assert Timedelta(days=1, microseconds=6).resolution_string == "us"
+        assert Timedelta(days=1, nanoseconds=6).resolution_string == "ns"
+
+    def test_resolution_deprecated(self):
+        # GH#21344
+        td = Timedelta(days=4, hours=3)
+        result = td.resolution
+        assert result == Timedelta(nanoseconds=1)
+
+        # Check that the attribute is available on the class, mirroring
+        #  the stdlib timedelta behavior
+        result = Timedelta.resolution
+        assert result == Timedelta(nanoseconds=1)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "value, expected",
+    [
+        (Timedelta("10s"), True),
+        (Timedelta("-10s"), True),
+        (Timedelta(10, unit="ns"), True),
+        (Timedelta(0, unit="ns"), False),
+        (Timedelta(-10, unit="ns"), True),
+        (Timedelta(None), True),
+        (NaT, True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_truthiness(value, expected):
+    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/21484
+    assert bool(value) is expected
+
+
+def test_timedelta_attribute_precision():
+    # GH 31354
+    td = Timedelta(1552211999999999872, unit="ns")
+    result = td.days * 86400
+    result += td.seconds
+    result *= 1000000
+    result += td.microseconds
+    result *= 1000
+    result += td.nanoseconds
+    expected = td._value
+    assert result == expected
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+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_as_unit.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+from pandas.errors import OutOfBoundsDatetime
+
+from pandas import Timestamp
+
+
+class TestTimestampAsUnit:
+    def test_as_unit(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("1970-01-01").as_unit("ns")
+        assert ts.unit == "ns"
+
+        assert ts.as_unit("ns") is ts
+
+        res = ts.as_unit("us")
+        assert res._value == ts._value // 1000
+        assert res._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+
+        rt = res.as_unit("ns")
+        assert rt._value == ts._value
+        assert rt._creso == ts._creso
+
+        res = ts.as_unit("ms")
+        assert res._value == ts._value // 1_000_000
+        assert res._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value
+
+        rt = res.as_unit("ns")
+        assert rt._value == ts._value
+        assert rt._creso == ts._creso
+
+        res = ts.as_unit("s")
+        assert res._value == ts._value // 1_000_000_000
+        assert res._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+
+        rt = res.as_unit("ns")
+        assert rt._value == ts._value
+        assert rt._creso == ts._creso
+
+    def test_as_unit_overflows(self):
+        # microsecond that would be just out of bounds for nano
+        us = 9223372800000000
+        ts = Timestamp._from_value_and_reso(us, NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value, None)
+
+        msg = "Cannot cast 2262-04-12 00:00:00 to unit='ns' without overflow"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            ts.as_unit("ns")
+
+        res = ts.as_unit("ms")
+        assert res._value == us // 1000
+        assert res._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value
+
+    def test_as_unit_rounding(self):
+        ts = Timestamp(1_500_000)  # i.e. 1500 microseconds
+        res = ts.as_unit("ms")
+
+        expected = Timestamp(1_000_000)  # i.e. 1 millisecond
+        assert res == expected
+
+        assert res._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value
+        assert res._value == 1
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Cannot losslessly convert units"):
+            ts.as_unit("ms", round_ok=False)
+
+    def test_as_unit_non_nano(self):
+        # case where we are going neither to nor from nano
+        ts = Timestamp("1970-01-02").as_unit("ms")
+        assert ts.year == 1970
+        assert ts.month == 1
+        assert ts.day == 2
+        assert ts.hour == ts.minute == ts.second == ts.microsecond == ts.nanosecond == 0
+
+        res = ts.as_unit("s")
+        assert res._value == 24 * 3600
+        assert res.year == 1970
+        assert res.month == 1
+        assert res.day == 2
+        assert (
+            res.hour
+            == res.minute
+            == res.second
+            == res.microsecond
+            == res.nanosecond
+            == 0
+        )
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_normalize.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_normalize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e097c9673e17a6058cac3d71cb8acb650db33d16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_normalize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import Timestamp
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+
+
+class TestTimestampNormalize:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arg", ["2013-11-30", "2013-11-30 12:00:00"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_normalize(self, tz_naive_fixture, arg, unit):
+        tz = tz_naive_fixture
+        ts = Timestamp(arg, tz=tz).as_unit(unit)
+        result = ts.normalize()
+        expected = Timestamp("2013-11-30", tz=tz)
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+    def test_normalize_pre_epoch_dates(self):
+        # GH: 36294
+        result = Timestamp("1969-01-01 09:00:00").normalize()
+        expected = Timestamp("1969-01-01 00:00:00")
+        assert result == expected
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_replace.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_replace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a208455edc8237d3428f8e033ed494b424fb10b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_replace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from dateutil.tz import gettz
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+import pytz
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import (
+    OutOfBoundsDatetime,
+    Timestamp,
+    conversion,
+)
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
+
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestTimestampReplace:
+    def test_replace_out_of_pydatetime_bounds(self):
+        # GH#50348
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01").as_unit("ns")
+
+        msg = "Out of bounds timestamp: 99999-01-01 00:00:00 with frequency 'ns'"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            ts.replace(year=99_999)
+
+        ts = ts.as_unit("ms")
+        result = ts.replace(year=99_999)
+        assert result.year == 99_999
+        assert result._value == Timestamp(np.datetime64("99999-01-01", "ms"))._value
+
+    def test_replace_non_nano(self):
+        ts = Timestamp._from_value_and_reso(
+            91514880000000000, NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value, None
+        )
+        assert ts.to_pydatetime() == datetime(4869, 12, 28)
+
+        result = ts.replace(year=4900)
+        assert result._creso == ts._creso
+        assert result.to_pydatetime() == datetime(4900, 12, 28)
+
+    def test_replace_naive(self):
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00")
+        result = ts.replace(hour=0)
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-01-01 00:00:00")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_replace_aware(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        # replacing datetime components with and w/o presence of a timezone
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00", tz=tz)
+        result = ts.replace(hour=0)
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-01-01 00:00:00", tz=tz)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_replace_preserves_nanos(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00.000000123", tz=tz)
+        result = ts.replace(hour=0)
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-01-01 00:00:00.000000123", tz=tz)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_replace_multiple(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        # replacing datetime components with and w/o presence of a timezone
+        # test all
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00.000000123", tz=tz)
+        result = ts.replace(
+            year=2015,
+            month=2,
+            day=2,
+            hour=0,
+            minute=5,
+            second=5,
+            microsecond=5,
+            nanosecond=5,
+        )
+        expected = Timestamp("2015-02-02 00:05:05.000005005", tz=tz)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_replace_invalid_kwarg(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00.000000123", tz=tz)
+        msg = r"replace\(\) got an unexpected keyword argument"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ts.replace(foo=5)
+
+    def test_replace_integer_args(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 09:00:00.000000123", tz=tz)
+        msg = "value must be an integer, received  for hour"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.replace(hour=0.1)
+
+    def test_replace_tzinfo_equiv_tz_localize_none(self):
+        # GH#14621, GH#7825
+        # assert conversion to naive is the same as replacing tzinfo with None
+        ts = Timestamp("2013-11-03 01:59:59.999999-0400", tz="US/Eastern")
+        assert ts.tz_localize(None) == ts.replace(tzinfo=None)
+
+    @td.skip_if_windows
+    def test_replace_tzinfo(self):
+        # GH#15683
+        dt = datetime(2016, 3, 27, 1)
+        tzinfo = pytz.timezone("CET").localize(dt, is_dst=False).tzinfo
+
+        result_dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)
+        result_pd = Timestamp(dt).replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)
+
+        # datetime.timestamp() converts in the local timezone
+        with tm.set_timezone("UTC"):
+            assert result_dt.timestamp() == result_pd.timestamp()
+
+        assert result_dt == result_pd
+        assert result_dt == result_pd.to_pydatetime()
+
+        result_dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=tzinfo).replace(tzinfo=None)
+        result_pd = Timestamp(dt).replace(tzinfo=tzinfo).replace(tzinfo=None)
+
+        # datetime.timestamp() converts in the local timezone
+        with tm.set_timezone("UTC"):
+            assert result_dt.timestamp() == result_pd.timestamp()
+
+        assert result_dt == result_pd
+        assert result_dt == result_pd.to_pydatetime()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "tz, normalize",
+        [
+            (pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"), lambda x: x.tzinfo.normalize(x)),
+            (gettz("US/Eastern"), lambda x: x),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_replace_across_dst(self, tz, normalize):
+        # GH#18319 check that 1) timezone is correctly normalized and
+        # 2) that hour is not incorrectly changed by this normalization
+        ts_naive = Timestamp("2017-12-03 16:03:30")
+        ts_aware = conversion.localize_pydatetime(ts_naive, tz)
+
+        # Preliminary sanity-check
+        assert ts_aware == normalize(ts_aware)
+
+        # Replace across DST boundary
+        ts2 = ts_aware.replace(month=6)
+
+        # Check that `replace` preserves hour literal
+        assert (ts2.hour, ts2.minute) == (ts_aware.hour, ts_aware.minute)
+
+        # Check that post-replace object is appropriately normalized
+        ts2b = normalize(ts2)
+        assert ts2 == ts2b
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_replace_dst_border(self, unit):
+        # Gh 7825
+        t = Timestamp("2013-11-3", tz="America/Chicago").as_unit(unit)
+        result = t.replace(hour=3)
+        expected = Timestamp("2013-11-3 03:00:00", tz="America/Chicago")
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("fold", [0, 1])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", ["dateutil/Europe/London", "Europe/London"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_replace_dst_fold(self, fold, tz, unit):
+        # GH 25017
+        d = datetime(2019, 10, 27, 2, 30)
+        ts = Timestamp(d, tz=tz).as_unit(unit)
+        result = ts.replace(hour=1, fold=fold)
+        expected = Timestamp(datetime(2019, 10, 27, 1, 30)).tz_localize(
+            tz, ambiguous=not fold
+        )
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("fold", [0, 1])
+    def test_replace_preserves_fold(self, fold):
+        # GH#37610. Check that replace preserves Timestamp fold property
+        tz = gettz("Europe/Moscow")
+
+        ts = Timestamp(
+            year=2009, month=10, day=25, hour=2, minute=30, fold=fold, tzinfo=tz
+        )
+        ts_replaced = ts.replace(second=1)
+
+        assert ts_replaced.fold == fold
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_round.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_round.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d10ee18b47f19074390915500afde885e853eb5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_round.py
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+from hypothesis import (
+    given,
+    strategies as st,
+)
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+import pytz
+
+from pandas._libs import lib
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import (
+    NaT,
+    OutOfBoundsDatetime,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+    iNaT,
+    to_offset,
+)
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.period import INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG
+
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestTimestampRound:
+    def test_round_division_by_zero_raises(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01")
+
+        msg = "Division by zero in rounding"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.round("0ns")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "timestamp, freq, expected",
+        [
+            ("20130101 09:10:11", "D", "20130101"),
+            ("20130101 19:10:11", "D", "20130102"),
+            ("20130201 12:00:00", "D", "20130202"),
+            ("20130104 12:00:00", "D", "20130105"),
+            ("2000-01-05 05:09:15.13", "D", "2000-01-05 00:00:00"),
+            ("2000-01-05 05:09:15.13", "h", "2000-01-05 05:00:00"),
+            ("2000-01-05 05:09:15.13", "s", "2000-01-05 05:09:15"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_round_frequencies(self, timestamp, freq, expected):
+        dt = Timestamp(timestamp)
+        result = dt.round(freq)
+        expected = Timestamp(expected)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_round_tzaware(self):
+        dt = Timestamp("20130101 09:10:11", tz="US/Eastern")
+        result = dt.round("D")
+        expected = Timestamp("20130101", tz="US/Eastern")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        dt = Timestamp("20130101 09:10:11", tz="US/Eastern")
+        result = dt.round("s")
+        assert result == dt
+
+    def test_round_30min(self):
+        # round
+        dt = Timestamp("20130104 12:32:00")
+        result = dt.round("30Min")
+        expected = Timestamp("20130104 12:30:00")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_round_subsecond(self):
+        # GH#14440 & GH#15578
+        result = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.0015").round("ms")
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.002000")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.00149").round("ms")
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.001000")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.0015")
+        for freq in ["us", "ns"]:
+            assert ts == ts.round(freq)
+
+        result = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.001501031").round("10ns")
+        expected = Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.001501030")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_round_nonstandard_freq(self):
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(False):
+            Timestamp("2016-10-17 12:00:00.001501031").round("1010ns")
+
+    def test_round_invalid_arg(self):
+        stamp = Timestamp("2000-01-05 05:09:15.13")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=INVALID_FREQ_ERR_MSG):
+            stamp.round("foo")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "test_input, rounder, freq, expected",
+        [
+            ("2117-01-01 00:00:45", "floor", "15s", "2117-01-01 00:00:45"),
+            ("2117-01-01 00:00:45", "ceil", "15s", "2117-01-01 00:00:45"),
+            (
+                "2117-01-01 00:00:45.000000012",
+                "floor",
+                "10ns",
+                "2117-01-01 00:00:45.000000010",
+            ),
+            (
+                "1823-01-01 00:00:01.000000012",
+                "ceil",
+                "10ns",
+                "1823-01-01 00:00:01.000000020",
+            ),
+            ("1823-01-01 00:00:01", "floor", "1s", "1823-01-01 00:00:01"),
+            ("1823-01-01 00:00:01", "ceil", "1s", "1823-01-01 00:00:01"),
+            ("NaT", "floor", "1s", "NaT"),
+            ("NaT", "ceil", "1s", "NaT"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_ceil_floor_edge(self, test_input, rounder, freq, expected):
+        dt = Timestamp(test_input)
+        func = getattr(dt, rounder)
+        result = func(freq)
+
+        if dt is NaT:
+            assert result is NaT
+        else:
+            expected = Timestamp(expected)
+            assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "test_input, freq, expected",
+        [
+            ("2018-01-01 00:02:06", "2s", "2018-01-01 00:02:06"),
+            ("2018-01-01 00:02:00", "2min", "2018-01-01 00:02:00"),
+            ("2018-01-01 00:04:00", "4min", "2018-01-01 00:04:00"),
+            ("2018-01-01 00:15:00", "15min", "2018-01-01 00:15:00"),
+            ("2018-01-01 00:20:00", "20min", "2018-01-01 00:20:00"),
+            ("2018-01-01 03:00:00", "3h", "2018-01-01 03:00:00"),
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("rounder", ["ceil", "floor", "round"])
+    def test_round_minute_freq(self, test_input, freq, expected, rounder):
+        # Ensure timestamps that shouldn't round dont!
+        # GH#21262
+
+        dt = Timestamp(test_input)
+        expected = Timestamp(expected)
+        func = getattr(dt, rounder)
+        result = func(freq)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_ceil(self, unit):
+        dt = Timestamp("20130101 09:10:11").as_unit(unit)
+        result = dt.ceil("D")
+        expected = Timestamp("20130102")
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == dt._creso
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_floor(self, unit):
+        dt = Timestamp("20130101 09:10:11").as_unit(unit)
+        result = dt.floor("D")
+        expected = Timestamp("20130101")
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == dt._creso
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["ceil", "round", "floor"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "unit",
+        ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"],
+    )
+    def test_round_dst_border_ambiguous(self, method, unit):
+        # GH 18946 round near "fall back" DST
+        ts = Timestamp("2017-10-29 00:00:00", tz="UTC").tz_convert("Europe/Madrid")
+        ts = ts.as_unit(unit)
+        #
+        result = getattr(ts, method)("h", ambiguous=True)
+        assert result == ts
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+        result = getattr(ts, method)("h", ambiguous=False)
+        expected = Timestamp("2017-10-29 01:00:00", tz="UTC").tz_convert(
+            "Europe/Madrid"
+        )
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+        result = getattr(ts, method)("h", ambiguous="NaT")
+        assert result is NaT
+
+        msg = "Cannot infer dst time"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+            getattr(ts, method)("h", ambiguous="raise")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "method, ts_str, freq",
+        [
+            ["ceil", "2018-03-11 01:59:00-0600", "5min"],
+            ["round", "2018-03-11 01:59:00-0600", "5min"],
+            ["floor", "2018-03-11 03:01:00-0500", "2h"],
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "unit",
+        ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"],
+    )
+    def test_round_dst_border_nonexistent(self, method, ts_str, freq, unit):
+        # GH 23324 round near "spring forward" DST
+        ts = Timestamp(ts_str, tz="America/Chicago").as_unit(unit)
+        result = getattr(ts, method)(freq, nonexistent="shift_forward")
+        expected = Timestamp("2018-03-11 03:00:00", tz="America/Chicago")
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+        result = getattr(ts, method)(freq, nonexistent="NaT")
+        assert result is NaT
+
+        msg = "2018-03-11 02:00:00"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError, match=msg):
+            getattr(ts, method)(freq, nonexistent="raise")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "timestamp",
+        [
+            "2018-01-01 0:0:0.124999360",
+            "2018-01-01 0:0:0.125000367",
+            "2018-01-01 0:0:0.125500",
+            "2018-01-01 0:0:0.126500",
+            "2018-01-01 12:00:00",
+            "2019-01-01 12:00:00",
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "freq",
+        [
+            "2ns",
+            "3ns",
+            "4ns",
+            "5ns",
+            "6ns",
+            "7ns",
+            "250ns",
+            "500ns",
+            "750ns",
+            "1us",
+            "19us",
+            "250us",
+            "500us",
+            "750us",
+            "1s",
+            "2s",
+            "3s",
+            "1D",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_round_int64(self, timestamp, freq):
+        # check that all rounding modes are accurate to int64 precision
+        # see GH#22591
+        dt = Timestamp(timestamp).as_unit("ns")
+        unit = to_offset(freq).nanos
+
+        # test floor
+        result = dt.floor(freq)
+        assert result._value % unit == 0, f"floor not a {freq} multiple"
+        assert 0 <= dt._value - result._value < unit, "floor error"
+
+        # test ceil
+        result = dt.ceil(freq)
+        assert result._value % unit == 0, f"ceil not a {freq} multiple"
+        assert 0 <= result._value - dt._value < unit, "ceil error"
+
+        # test round
+        result = dt.round(freq)
+        assert result._value % unit == 0, f"round not a {freq} multiple"
+        assert abs(result._value - dt._value) <= unit // 2, "round error"
+        if unit % 2 == 0 and abs(result._value - dt._value) == unit // 2:
+            # round half to even
+            assert result._value // unit % 2 == 0, "round half to even error"
+
+    def test_round_implementation_bounds(self):
+        # See also: analogous test for Timedelta
+        result = Timestamp.min.ceil("s")
+        expected = Timestamp(1677, 9, 21, 0, 12, 44)
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = Timestamp.max.floor("s")
+        expected = Timestamp.max - Timedelta(854775807)
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = "Cannot round 1677-09-21 00:12:43.145224193 to freq="
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.min.floor("s")
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.min.round("s")
+
+        msg = "Cannot round 2262-04-11 23:47:16.854775807 to freq="
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.max.ceil("s")
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.max.round("s")
+
+    @given(val=st.integers(iNaT + 1, lib.i8max))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "method", [Timestamp.round, Timestamp.floor, Timestamp.ceil]
+    )
+    def test_round_sanity(self, val, method):
+        cls = Timestamp
+        err_cls = OutOfBoundsDatetime
+
+        val = np.int64(val)
+        ts = cls(val)
+
+        def checker(ts, nanos, unit):
+            # First check that we do raise in cases where we should
+            if nanos == 1:
+                pass
+            else:
+                div, mod = divmod(ts._value, nanos)
+                diff = int(nanos - mod)
+                lb = ts._value - mod
+                assert lb <= ts._value  # i.e. no overflows with python ints
+                ub = ts._value + diff
+                assert ub > ts._value  # i.e. no overflows with python ints
+
+                msg = "without overflow"
+                if mod == 0:
+                    # We should never be raising in this
+                    pass
+                elif method is cls.ceil:
+                    if ub > cls.max._value:
+                        with pytest.raises(err_cls, match=msg):
+                            method(ts, unit)
+                        return
+                elif method is cls.floor:
+                    if lb < cls.min._value:
+                        with pytest.raises(err_cls, match=msg):
+                            method(ts, unit)
+                        return
+                elif mod >= diff:
+                    if ub > cls.max._value:
+                        with pytest.raises(err_cls, match=msg):
+                            method(ts, unit)
+                        return
+                elif lb < cls.min._value:
+                    with pytest.raises(err_cls, match=msg):
+                        method(ts, unit)
+                    return
+
+            res = method(ts, unit)
+
+            td = res - ts
+            diff = abs(td._value)
+            assert diff < nanos
+            assert res._value % nanos == 0
+
+            if method is cls.round:
+                assert diff <= nanos / 2
+            elif method is cls.floor:
+                assert res <= ts
+            elif method is cls.ceil:
+                assert res >= ts
+
+        nanos = 1
+        checker(ts, nanos, "ns")
+
+        nanos = 1000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "us")
+
+        nanos = 1_000_000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "ms")
+
+        nanos = 1_000_000_000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "s")
+
+        nanos = 60 * 1_000_000_000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "min")
+
+        nanos = 60 * 60 * 1_000_000_000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "h")
+
+        nanos = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000_000_000
+        checker(ts, nanos, "D")
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_timestamp_method.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_timestamp_method.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67985bd4ba566b280cf7a29f826014d43c0df9f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_timestamp_method.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# NB: This is for the Timestamp.timestamp *method* specifically, not
+# the Timestamp class in general.
+
+from pytz import utc
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import Timestamp
+import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
+
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestTimestampMethod:
+    @td.skip_if_windows
+    def test_timestamp(self, fixed_now_ts):
+        # GH#17329
+        # tz-naive --> treat it as if it were UTC for purposes of timestamp()
+        ts = fixed_now_ts
+        uts = ts.replace(tzinfo=utc)
+        assert ts.timestamp() == uts.timestamp()
+
+        tsc = Timestamp("2014-10-11 11:00:01.12345678", tz="US/Central")
+        utsc = tsc.tz_convert("UTC")
+
+        # utsc is a different representation of the same time
+        assert tsc.timestamp() == utsc.timestamp()
+
+        # datetime.timestamp() converts in the local timezone
+        with tm.set_timezone("UTC"):
+            # should agree with datetime.timestamp method
+            dt = ts.to_pydatetime()
+            assert dt.timestamp() == ts.timestamp()
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_to_julian_date.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_to_julian_date.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7769614b601a4842a7273b441af6552956ff2e72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_to_julian_date.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from pandas import Timestamp
+
+
+class TestTimestampToJulianDate:
+    def test_compare_1700(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("1700-06-23")
+        res = ts.to_julian_date()
+        assert res == 2_342_145.5
+
+    def test_compare_2000(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2000-04-12")
+        res = ts.to_julian_date()
+        assert res == 2_451_646.5
+
+    def test_compare_2100(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2100-08-12")
+        res = ts.to_julian_date()
+        assert res == 2_488_292.5
+
+    def test_compare_hour01(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2000-08-12T01:00:00")
+        res = ts.to_julian_date()
+        assert res == 2_451_768.5416666666666666
+
+    def test_compare_hour13(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2000-08-12T13:00:00")
+        res = ts.to_julian_date()
+        assert res == 2_451_769.0416666666666666
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_to_pydatetime.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_to_pydatetime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57f57e56201c872e54e91c4e6da2c2154a07a6d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_to_pydatetime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from datetime import (
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+)
+
+import pytz
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.timezones import dateutil_gettz as gettz
+import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
+
+from pandas import Timestamp
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestTimestampToPyDatetime:
+    def test_to_pydatetime_fold(self):
+        # GH#45087
+        tzstr = "dateutil/usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Chicago"
+        ts = Timestamp(year=2013, month=11, day=3, hour=1, minute=0, fold=1, tz=tzstr)
+        dt = ts.to_pydatetime()
+        assert dt.fold == 1
+
+    def test_to_pydatetime_nonzero_nano(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2011-01-01 9:00:00.123456789")
+
+        # Warn the user of data loss (nanoseconds).
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(UserWarning):
+            expected = datetime(2011, 1, 1, 9, 0, 0, 123456)
+            result = ts.to_pydatetime()
+            assert result == expected
+
+    def test_timestamp_to_datetime(self):
+        stamp = Timestamp("20090415", tz="US/Eastern")
+        dtval = stamp.to_pydatetime()
+        assert stamp == dtval
+        assert stamp.tzinfo == dtval.tzinfo
+
+    def test_timestamp_to_pydatetime_dateutil(self):
+        stamp = Timestamp("20090415", tz="dateutil/US/Eastern")
+        dtval = stamp.to_pydatetime()
+        assert stamp == dtval
+        assert stamp.tzinfo == dtval.tzinfo
+
+    def test_timestamp_to_pydatetime_explicit_pytz(self):
+        stamp = Timestamp("20090415", tz=pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"))
+        dtval = stamp.to_pydatetime()
+        assert stamp == dtval
+        assert stamp.tzinfo == dtval.tzinfo
+
+    @td.skip_if_windows
+    def test_timestamp_to_pydatetime_explicit_dateutil(self):
+        stamp = Timestamp("20090415", tz=gettz("US/Eastern"))
+        dtval = stamp.to_pydatetime()
+        assert stamp == dtval
+        assert stamp.tzinfo == dtval.tzinfo
+
+    def test_to_pydatetime_bijective(self):
+        # Ensure that converting to datetime and back only loses precision
+        # by going from nanoseconds to microseconds.
+        exp_warning = None if Timestamp.max.nanosecond == 0 else UserWarning
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(exp_warning):
+            pydt_max = Timestamp.max.to_pydatetime()
+
+        assert (
+            Timestamp(pydt_max).as_unit("ns")._value / 1000
+            == Timestamp.max._value / 1000
+        )
+
+        exp_warning = None if Timestamp.min.nanosecond == 0 else UserWarning
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(exp_warning):
+            pydt_min = Timestamp.min.to_pydatetime()
+
+        # The next assertion can be enabled once GH#39221 is merged
+        #  assert pydt_min < Timestamp.min  # this is bc nanos are dropped
+        tdus = timedelta(microseconds=1)
+        assert pydt_min + tdus > Timestamp.min
+
+        assert (
+            Timestamp(pydt_min + tdus).as_unit("ns")._value / 1000
+            == Timestamp.min._value / 1000
+        )
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_tz_convert.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_tz_convert.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a7bb3b90805ab4a7b5d2a0ec08b795a2118daf36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_tz_convert.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import dateutil
+import pytest
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import timezones
+import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
+
+from pandas import Timestamp
+
+
+class TestTimestampTZConvert:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tzstr", ["US/Eastern", "dateutil/US/Eastern"])
+    def test_astimezone(self, tzstr):
+        # astimezone is an alias for tz_convert, so keep it with
+        # the tz_convert tests
+        utcdate = Timestamp("3/11/2012 22:00", tz="UTC")
+        expected = utcdate.tz_convert(tzstr)
+        result = utcdate.astimezone(tzstr)
+        assert expected == result
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "stamp",
+        [
+            "2014-02-01 09:00",
+            "2014-07-08 09:00",
+            "2014-11-01 17:00",
+            "2014-11-05 00:00",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_tz_convert_roundtrip(self, stamp, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+
+        ts = Timestamp(stamp, tz="UTC")
+        converted = ts.tz_convert(tz)
+
+        reset = converted.tz_convert(None)
+        assert reset == Timestamp(stamp)
+        assert reset.tzinfo is None
+        assert reset == converted.tz_convert("UTC").tz_localize(None)
+
+    @td.skip_if_windows
+    def test_tz_convert_utc_with_system_utc(self):
+        # from system utc to real utc
+        ts = Timestamp("2001-01-05 11:56", tz=timezones.maybe_get_tz("dateutil/UTC"))
+        # check that the time hasn't changed.
+        assert ts == ts.tz_convert(dateutil.tz.tzutc())
+
+        # from system utc to real utc
+        ts = Timestamp("2001-01-05 11:56", tz=timezones.maybe_get_tz("dateutil/UTC"))
+        # check that the time hasn't changed.
+        assert ts == ts.tz_convert(dateutil.tz.tzutc())
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_tz_localize.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_tz_localize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af3dee1880d2e0625c3e8a2f77aade21ac4f5c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/methods/test_tz_localize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+from datetime import timedelta
+import re
+
+from dateutil.tz import gettz
+import pytest
+import pytz
+from pytz.exceptions import (
+    AmbiguousTimeError,
+    NonExistentTimeError,
+)
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+from pandas.errors import OutOfBoundsDatetime
+
+from pandas import (
+    NaT,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+
+try:
+    from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+except ImportError:
+    # Cannot assign to a type
+    ZoneInfo = None  # type: ignore[misc, assignment]
+
+
+class TestTimestampTZLocalize:
+    @pytest.mark.skip_ubsan
+    def test_tz_localize_pushes_out_of_bounds(self):
+        # GH#12677
+        # tz_localize that pushes away from the boundary is OK
+        msg = (
+            f"Converting {Timestamp.min.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')} "
+            f"underflows past {Timestamp.min}"
+        )
+        pac = Timestamp.min.tz_localize("US/Pacific")
+        assert pac._value > Timestamp.min._value
+        pac.tz_convert("Asia/Tokyo")  # tz_convert doesn't change value
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.min.tz_localize("Asia/Tokyo")
+
+        # tz_localize that pushes away from the boundary is OK
+        msg = (
+            f"Converting {Timestamp.max.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')} "
+            f"overflows past {Timestamp.max}"
+        )
+        tokyo = Timestamp.max.tz_localize("Asia/Tokyo")
+        assert tokyo._value < Timestamp.max._value
+        tokyo.tz_convert("US/Pacific")  # tz_convert doesn't change value
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.max.tz_localize("US/Pacific")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_tz_localize_ambiguous_bool(self, unit):
+        # make sure that we are correctly accepting bool values as ambiguous
+        # GH#14402
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-11-01 01:00:03").as_unit(unit)
+        expected0 = Timestamp("2015-11-01 01:00:03-0500", tz="US/Central")
+        expected1 = Timestamp("2015-11-01 01:00:03-0600", tz="US/Central")
+
+        msg = "Cannot infer dst time from 2015-11-01 01:00:03"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize("US/Central")
+
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize("dateutil/US/Central")
+
+        if ZoneInfo is not None:
+            try:
+                tz = ZoneInfo("US/Central")
+            except KeyError:
+                # no tzdata
+                pass
+            else:
+                with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+                    ts.tz_localize(tz)
+
+        result = ts.tz_localize("US/Central", ambiguous=True)
+        assert result == expected0
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+        result = ts.tz_localize("US/Central", ambiguous=False)
+        assert result == expected1
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+    def test_tz_localize_ambiguous(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2014-11-02 01:00")
+        ts_dst = ts.tz_localize("US/Eastern", ambiguous=True)
+        ts_no_dst = ts.tz_localize("US/Eastern", ambiguous=False)
+
+        assert ts_no_dst._value - ts_dst._value == 3600
+        msg = re.escape(
+            "'ambiguous' parameter must be one of: "
+            "True, False, 'NaT', 'raise' (default)"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize("US/Eastern", ambiguous="infer")
+
+        # GH#8025
+        msg = "Cannot localize tz-aware Timestamp, use tz_convert for conversions"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2011-01-01", tz="US/Eastern").tz_localize("Asia/Tokyo")
+
+        msg = "Cannot convert tz-naive Timestamp, use tz_localize to localize"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2011-01-01").tz_convert("Asia/Tokyo")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "stamp, tz",
+        [
+            ("2015-03-08 02:00", "US/Eastern"),
+            ("2015-03-08 02:30", "US/Pacific"),
+            ("2015-03-29 02:00", "Europe/Paris"),
+            ("2015-03-29 02:30", "Europe/Belgrade"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_tz_localize_nonexistent(self, stamp, tz):
+        # GH#13057
+        ts = Timestamp(stamp)
+        with pytest.raises(NonExistentTimeError, match=stamp):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz)
+        # GH 22644
+        with pytest.raises(NonExistentTimeError, match=stamp):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="raise")
+        assert ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="NaT") is NaT
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "stamp, tz, forward_expected, backward_expected",
+        [
+            (
+                "2015-03-29 02:00:00",
+                "Europe/Warsaw",
+                "2015-03-29 03:00:00",
+                "2015-03-29 01:59:59",
+            ),  # utc+1 -> utc+2
+            (
+                "2023-03-12 02:00:00",
+                "America/Los_Angeles",
+                "2023-03-12 03:00:00",
+                "2023-03-12 01:59:59",
+            ),  # utc-8 -> utc-7
+            (
+                "2023-03-26 01:00:00",
+                "Europe/London",
+                "2023-03-26 02:00:00",
+                "2023-03-26 00:59:59",
+            ),  # utc+0 -> utc+1
+            (
+                "2023-03-26 00:00:00",
+                "Atlantic/Azores",
+                "2023-03-26 01:00:00",
+                "2023-03-25 23:59:59",
+            ),  # utc-1 -> utc+0
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_tz_localize_nonexistent_shift(
+        self, stamp, tz, forward_expected, backward_expected
+    ):
+        ts = Timestamp(stamp)
+        forward_ts = ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="shift_forward")
+        assert forward_ts == Timestamp(forward_expected, tz=tz)
+        backward_ts = ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="shift_backward")
+        assert backward_ts == Timestamp(backward_expected, tz=tz)
+
+    def test_tz_localize_ambiguous_raise(self):
+        # GH#13057
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-11-1 01:00")
+        msg = "Cannot infer dst time from 2015-11-01 01:00:00,"
+        with pytest.raises(AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize("US/Pacific", ambiguous="raise")
+
+    def test_tz_localize_nonexistent_invalid_arg(self, warsaw):
+        # GH 22644
+        tz = warsaw
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-03-29 02:00:00")
+        msg = (
+            "The nonexistent argument must be one of 'raise', 'NaT', "
+            "'shift_forward', 'shift_backward' or a timedelta object"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="foo")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "stamp",
+        [
+            "2014-02-01 09:00",
+            "2014-07-08 09:00",
+            "2014-11-01 17:00",
+            "2014-11-05 00:00",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_tz_localize_roundtrip(self, stamp, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        ts = Timestamp(stamp)
+        localized = ts.tz_localize(tz)
+        assert localized == Timestamp(stamp, tz=tz)
+
+        msg = "Cannot localize tz-aware Timestamp"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            localized.tz_localize(tz)
+
+        reset = localized.tz_localize(None)
+        assert reset == ts
+        assert reset.tzinfo is None
+
+    def test_tz_localize_ambiguous_compat(self):
+        # validate that pytz and dateutil are compat for dst
+        # when the transition happens
+        naive = Timestamp("2013-10-27 01:00:00")
+
+        pytz_zone = "Europe/London"
+        dateutil_zone = "dateutil/Europe/London"
+        result_pytz = naive.tz_localize(pytz_zone, ambiguous=False)
+        result_dateutil = naive.tz_localize(dateutil_zone, ambiguous=False)
+        assert result_pytz._value == result_dateutil._value
+        assert result_pytz._value == 1382835600
+
+        # fixed ambiguous behavior
+        # see gh-14621, GH#45087
+        assert result_pytz.to_pydatetime().tzname() == "GMT"
+        assert result_dateutil.to_pydatetime().tzname() == "GMT"
+        assert str(result_pytz) == str(result_dateutil)
+
+        # 1 hour difference
+        result_pytz = naive.tz_localize(pytz_zone, ambiguous=True)
+        result_dateutil = naive.tz_localize(dateutil_zone, ambiguous=True)
+        assert result_pytz._value == result_dateutil._value
+        assert result_pytz._value == 1382832000
+
+        # see gh-14621
+        assert str(result_pytz) == str(result_dateutil)
+        assert (
+            result_pytz.to_pydatetime().tzname()
+            == result_dateutil.to_pydatetime().tzname()
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "tz",
+        [
+            pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"),
+            gettz("US/Eastern"),
+            "US/Eastern",
+            "dateutil/US/Eastern",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timestamp_tz_localize(self, tz):
+        stamp = Timestamp("3/11/2012 04:00")
+
+        result = stamp.tz_localize(tz)
+        expected = Timestamp("3/11/2012 04:00", tz=tz)
+        assert result.hour == expected.hour
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "start_ts, tz, end_ts, shift",
+        [
+            ["2015-03-29 02:20:00", "Europe/Warsaw", "2015-03-29 03:00:00", "forward"],
+            [
+                "2015-03-29 02:20:00",
+                "Europe/Warsaw",
+                "2015-03-29 01:59:59.999999999",
+                "backward",
+            ],
+            [
+                "2015-03-29 02:20:00",
+                "Europe/Warsaw",
+                "2015-03-29 03:20:00",
+                timedelta(hours=1),
+            ],
+            [
+                "2015-03-29 02:20:00",
+                "Europe/Warsaw",
+                "2015-03-29 01:20:00",
+                timedelta(hours=-1),
+            ],
+            ["2018-03-11 02:33:00", "US/Pacific", "2018-03-11 03:00:00", "forward"],
+            [
+                "2018-03-11 02:33:00",
+                "US/Pacific",
+                "2018-03-11 01:59:59.999999999",
+                "backward",
+            ],
+            [
+                "2018-03-11 02:33:00",
+                "US/Pacific",
+                "2018-03-11 03:33:00",
+                timedelta(hours=1),
+            ],
+            [
+                "2018-03-11 02:33:00",
+                "US/Pacific",
+                "2018-03-11 01:33:00",
+                timedelta(hours=-1),
+            ],
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz_type", ["", "dateutil/"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_timestamp_tz_localize_nonexistent_shift(
+        self, start_ts, tz, end_ts, shift, tz_type, unit
+    ):
+        # GH 8917, 24466
+        tz = tz_type + tz
+        if isinstance(shift, str):
+            shift = "shift_" + shift
+        ts = Timestamp(start_ts).as_unit(unit)
+        result = ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent=shift)
+        expected = Timestamp(end_ts).tz_localize(tz)
+
+        if unit == "us":
+            assert result == expected.replace(nanosecond=0)
+        elif unit == "ms":
+            micros = expected.microsecond - expected.microsecond % 1000
+            assert result == expected.replace(microsecond=micros, nanosecond=0)
+        elif unit == "s":
+            assert result == expected.replace(microsecond=0, nanosecond=0)
+        else:
+            assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == getattr(NpyDatetimeUnit, f"NPY_FR_{unit}").value
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("offset", [-1, 1])
+    def test_timestamp_tz_localize_nonexistent_shift_invalid(self, offset, warsaw):
+        # GH 8917, 24466
+        tz = warsaw
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-03-29 02:20:00")
+        msg = "The provided timedelta will relocalize on a nonexistent time"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent=timedelta(seconds=offset))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_timestamp_tz_localize_nonexistent_NaT(self, warsaw, unit):
+        # GH 8917
+        tz = warsaw
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-03-29 02:20:00").as_unit(unit)
+        result = ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="NaT")
+        assert result is NaT
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", ["ns", "us", "ms", "s"])
+    def test_timestamp_tz_localize_nonexistent_raise(self, warsaw, unit):
+        # GH 8917
+        tz = warsaw
+        ts = Timestamp("2015-03-29 02:20:00").as_unit(unit)
+        msg = "2015-03-29 02:20:00"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="raise")
+        msg = (
+            "The nonexistent argument must be one of 'raise', 'NaT', "
+            "'shift_forward', 'shift_backward' or a timedelta object"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz_localize(tz, nonexistent="foo")
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_arithmetic.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_arithmetic.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d58513989a66a84791ed3b9169bd4f2c9b87c20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_arithmetic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+from datetime import (
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+    timezone,
+)
+
+from dateutil.tz import gettz
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+import pytz
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import (
+    OutOfBoundsDatetime,
+    OutOfBoundsTimedelta,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+    offsets,
+    to_offset,
+)
+
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestTimestampArithmetic:
+    def test_overflow_offset(self):
+        # no overflow expected
+
+        stamp = Timestamp("2000/1/1")
+        offset_no_overflow = to_offset("D") * 100
+
+        expected = Timestamp("2000/04/10")
+        assert stamp + offset_no_overflow == expected
+
+        assert offset_no_overflow + stamp == expected
+
+        expected = Timestamp("1999/09/23")
+        assert stamp - offset_no_overflow == expected
+
+    def test_overflow_offset_raises(self):
+        # xref https://github.com/statsmodels/statsmodels/issues/3374
+        # ends up multiplying really large numbers which overflow
+
+        stamp = Timestamp("2017-01-13 00:00:00").as_unit("ns")
+        offset_overflow = 20169940 * offsets.Day(1)
+        lmsg2 = r"Cannot cast -?20169940 days \+?00:00:00 to unit='ns' without overflow"
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=lmsg2):
+            stamp + offset_overflow
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=lmsg2):
+            offset_overflow + stamp
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=lmsg2):
+            stamp - offset_overflow
+
+        # xref https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/14080
+        # used to crash, so check for proper overflow exception
+
+        stamp = Timestamp("2000/1/1").as_unit("ns")
+        offset_overflow = to_offset("D") * 100**5
+
+        lmsg3 = (
+            r"Cannot cast -?10000000000 days \+?00:00:00 to unit='ns' without overflow"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=lmsg3):
+            stamp + offset_overflow
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=lmsg3):
+            offset_overflow + stamp
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=lmsg3):
+            stamp - offset_overflow
+
+    def test_overflow_timestamp_raises(self):
+        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/31774
+        msg = "Result is too large"
+        a = Timestamp("2101-01-01 00:00:00").as_unit("ns")
+        b = Timestamp("1688-01-01 00:00:00").as_unit("ns")
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            a - b
+
+        # but we're OK for timestamp and datetime.datetime
+        assert (a - b.to_pydatetime()) == (a.to_pydatetime() - b)
+
+    def test_delta_preserve_nanos(self):
+        val = Timestamp(1337299200000000123)
+        result = val + timedelta(1)
+        assert result.nanosecond == val.nanosecond
+
+    def test_rsub_dtscalars(self, tz_naive_fixture):
+        # In particular, check that datetime64 - Timestamp works GH#28286
+        td = Timedelta(1235345642000)
+        ts = Timestamp("2021-01-01", tz=tz_naive_fixture)
+        other = ts + td
+
+        assert other - ts == td
+        assert other.to_pydatetime() - ts == td
+        if tz_naive_fixture is None:
+            assert other.to_datetime64() - ts == td
+        else:
+            msg = "Cannot subtract tz-naive and tz-aware datetime-like objects"
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                other.to_datetime64() - ts
+
+    def test_timestamp_sub_datetime(self):
+        dt = datetime(2013, 10, 12)
+        ts = Timestamp(datetime(2013, 10, 13))
+        assert (ts - dt).days == 1
+        assert (dt - ts).days == -1
+
+    def test_subtract_tzaware_datetime(self):
+        t1 = Timestamp("2020-10-22T22:00:00+00:00")
+        t2 = datetime(2020, 10, 22, 22, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+
+        result = t1 - t2
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta("0 days")
+
+    def test_subtract_timestamp_from_different_timezone(self):
+        t1 = Timestamp("20130101").tz_localize("US/Eastern")
+        t2 = Timestamp("20130101").tz_localize("CET")
+
+        result = t1 - t2
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta("0 days 06:00:00")
+
+    def test_subtracting_involving_datetime_with_different_tz(self):
+        t1 = datetime(2013, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=-5)))
+        t2 = Timestamp("20130101").tz_localize("CET")
+
+        result = t1 - t2
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta("0 days 06:00:00")
+
+        result = t2 - t1
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta("-1 days +18:00:00")
+
+    def test_subtracting_different_timezones(self, tz_aware_fixture):
+        t_raw = Timestamp("20130101")
+        t_UTC = t_raw.tz_localize("UTC")
+        t_diff = t_UTC.tz_convert(tz_aware_fixture) + Timedelta("0 days 05:00:00")
+
+        result = t_diff - t_UTC
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result == Timedelta("0 days 05:00:00")
+
+    def test_addition_subtraction_types(self):
+        # Assert on the types resulting from Timestamp +/- various date/time
+        # objects
+        dt = datetime(2014, 3, 4)
+        td = timedelta(seconds=1)
+        ts = Timestamp(dt)
+
+        msg = "Addition/subtraction of integers"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            # GH#22535 add/sub with integers is deprecated
+            ts + 1
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ts - 1
+
+        # Timestamp + datetime not supported, though subtraction is supported
+        # and yields timedelta more tests in tseries/base/tests/test_base.py
+        assert type(ts - dt) == Timedelta
+        assert type(ts + td) == Timestamp
+        assert type(ts - td) == Timestamp
+
+        # Timestamp +/- datetime64 not supported, so not tested (could possibly
+        # assert error raised?)
+        td64 = np.timedelta64(1, "D")
+        assert type(ts + td64) == Timestamp
+        assert type(ts - td64) == Timestamp
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "td", [Timedelta(hours=3), np.timedelta64(3, "h"), timedelta(hours=3)]
+    )
+    def test_radd_tdscalar(self, td, fixed_now_ts):
+        # GH#24775 timedelta64+Timestamp should not raise
+        ts = fixed_now_ts
+        assert td + ts == ts + td
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "other,expected_difference",
+        [
+            (np.timedelta64(-123, "ns"), -123),
+            (np.timedelta64(1234567898, "ns"), 1234567898),
+            (np.timedelta64(-123, "us"), -123000),
+            (np.timedelta64(-123, "ms"), -123000000),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timestamp_add_timedelta64_unit(self, other, expected_difference):
+        now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+        ts = Timestamp(now).as_unit("ns")
+        result = ts + other
+        valdiff = result._value - ts._value
+        assert valdiff == expected_difference
+
+        ts2 = Timestamp(now)
+        assert ts2 + other == result
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "ts",
+        [
+            Timestamp("1776-07-04"),
+            Timestamp("1776-07-04", tz="UTC"),
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "other",
+        [
+            1,
+            np.int64(1),
+            np.array([1, 2], dtype=np.int32),
+            np.array([3, 4], dtype=np.uint64),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_add_int_with_freq(self, ts, other):
+        msg = "Addition/subtraction of integers and integer-arrays"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ts + other
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            other + ts
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            ts - other
+
+        msg = "unsupported operand type"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            other - ts
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("shape", [(6,), (2, 3)])
+    def test_addsub_m8ndarray(self, shape):
+        # GH#33296
+        ts = Timestamp("2020-04-04 15:45").as_unit("ns")
+        other = np.arange(6).astype("m8[h]").reshape(shape)
+
+        result = ts + other
+
+        ex_stamps = [ts + Timedelta(hours=n) for n in range(6)]
+        expected = np.array([x.asm8 for x in ex_stamps], dtype="M8[ns]").reshape(shape)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = other + ts
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = ts - other
+        ex_stamps = [ts - Timedelta(hours=n) for n in range(6)]
+        expected = np.array([x.asm8 for x in ex_stamps], dtype="M8[ns]").reshape(shape)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for -: 'numpy.ndarray' and 'Timestamp'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            other - ts
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("shape", [(6,), (2, 3)])
+    def test_addsub_m8ndarray_tzaware(self, shape):
+        # GH#33296
+        ts = Timestamp("2020-04-04 15:45", tz="US/Pacific")
+
+        other = np.arange(6).astype("m8[h]").reshape(shape)
+
+        result = ts + other
+
+        ex_stamps = [ts + Timedelta(hours=n) for n in range(6)]
+        expected = np.array(ex_stamps).reshape(shape)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = other + ts
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = ts - other
+        ex_stamps = [ts - Timedelta(hours=n) for n in range(6)]
+        expected = np.array(ex_stamps).reshape(shape)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        msg = r"unsupported operand type\(s\) for -: 'numpy.ndarray' and 'Timestamp'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            other - ts
+
+    def test_subtract_different_utc_objects(self, utc_fixture, utc_fixture2):
+        # GH 32619
+        dt = datetime(2021, 1, 1)
+        ts1 = Timestamp(dt, tz=utc_fixture)
+        ts2 = Timestamp(dt, tz=utc_fixture2)
+        result = ts1 - ts2
+        expected = Timedelta(0)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "tz",
+        [
+            pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"),
+            gettz("US/Eastern"),
+            "US/Eastern",
+            "dateutil/US/Eastern",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timestamp_add_timedelta_push_over_dst_boundary(self, tz):
+        # GH#1389
+
+        # 4 hours before DST transition
+        stamp = Timestamp("3/10/2012 22:00", tz=tz)
+
+        result = stamp + timedelta(hours=6)
+
+        # spring forward, + "7" hours
+        expected = Timestamp("3/11/2012 05:00", tz=tz)
+
+        assert result == expected
+
+
+class SubDatetime(datetime):
+    pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "lh,rh",
+    [
+        (SubDatetime(2000, 1, 1), Timedelta(hours=1)),
+        (Timedelta(hours=1), SubDatetime(2000, 1, 1)),
+    ],
+)
+def test_dt_subclass_add_timedelta(lh, rh):
+    # GH#25851
+    # ensure that subclassed datetime works for
+    # Timedelta operations
+    result = lh + rh
+    expected = SubDatetime(2000, 1, 1, 1)
+    assert result == expected
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_comparisons.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_comparisons.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7e5541cf499f50e018802807f8c36cd364bed5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_comparisons.py
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+from datetime import (
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+)
+import operator
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from pandas import Timestamp
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+
+class TestTimestampComparison:
+    def test_compare_non_nano_dt64(self):
+        # don't raise when converting dt64 to Timestamp in __richcmp__
+        dt = np.datetime64("1066-10-14")
+        ts = Timestamp(dt)
+
+        assert dt == ts
+
+    def test_comparison_dt64_ndarray(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2021-01-01")
+        ts2 = Timestamp("2019-04-05")
+        arr = np.array([[ts.asm8, ts2.asm8]], dtype="M8[ns]")
+
+        result = ts == arr
+        expected = np.array([[True, False]], dtype=bool)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = arr == ts
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = ts != arr
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, ~expected)
+
+        result = arr != ts
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, ~expected)
+
+        result = ts2 < arr
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        result = arr < ts2
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, np.array([[False, False]], dtype=bool))
+
+        result = ts2 <= arr
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, np.array([[True, True]], dtype=bool))
+
+        result = arr <= ts2
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, ~expected)
+
+        result = ts >= arr
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, np.array([[True, True]], dtype=bool))
+
+        result = arr >= ts
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, np.array([[True, False]], dtype=bool))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("reverse", [True, False])
+    def test_comparison_dt64_ndarray_tzaware(self, reverse, comparison_op):
+        ts = Timestamp("2021-01-01 00:00:00.00000", tz="UTC")
+        arr = np.array([ts.asm8, ts.asm8], dtype="M8[ns]")
+
+        left, right = ts, arr
+        if reverse:
+            left, right = arr, ts
+
+        if comparison_op is operator.eq:
+            expected = np.array([False, False], dtype=bool)
+            result = comparison_op(left, right)
+            tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+        elif comparison_op is operator.ne:
+            expected = np.array([True, True], dtype=bool)
+            result = comparison_op(left, right)
+            tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+        else:
+            msg = "Cannot compare tz-naive and tz-aware timestamps"
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                comparison_op(left, right)
+
+    def test_comparison_object_array(self):
+        # GH#15183
+        ts = Timestamp("2011-01-03 00:00:00-0500", tz="US/Eastern")
+        other = Timestamp("2011-01-01 00:00:00-0500", tz="US/Eastern")
+        naive = Timestamp("2011-01-01 00:00:00")
+
+        arr = np.array([other, ts], dtype=object)
+        res = arr == ts
+        expected = np.array([False, True], dtype=bool)
+        assert (res == expected).all()
+
+        # 2D case
+        arr = np.array([[other, ts], [ts, other]], dtype=object)
+        res = arr != ts
+        expected = np.array([[True, False], [False, True]], dtype=bool)
+        assert res.shape == expected.shape
+        assert (res == expected).all()
+
+        # tzaware mismatch
+        arr = np.array([naive], dtype=object)
+        msg = "Cannot compare tz-naive and tz-aware timestamps"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            arr < ts
+
+    def test_comparison(self):
+        # 5-18-2012 00:00:00.000
+        stamp = 1337299200000000000
+
+        val = Timestamp(stamp)
+
+        assert val == val
+        assert not val != val
+        assert not val < val
+        assert val <= val
+        assert not val > val
+        assert val >= val
+
+        other = datetime(2012, 5, 18)
+        assert val == other
+        assert not val != other
+        assert not val < other
+        assert val <= other
+        assert not val > other
+        assert val >= other
+
+        other = Timestamp(stamp + 100)
+
+        assert val != other
+        assert val != other
+        assert val < other
+        assert val <= other
+        assert other > val
+        assert other >= val
+
+    def test_compare_invalid(self):
+        # GH#8058
+        val = Timestamp("20130101 12:01:02")
+        assert not val == "foo"
+        assert not val == 10.0
+        assert not val == 1
+        assert not val == []
+        assert not val == {"foo": 1}
+        assert not val == np.float64(1)
+        assert not val == np.int64(1)
+
+        assert val != "foo"
+        assert val != 10.0
+        assert val != 1
+        assert val != []
+        assert val != {"foo": 1}
+        assert val != np.float64(1)
+        assert val != np.int64(1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [None, "US/Pacific"])
+    def test_compare_date(self, tz):
+        # GH#36131 comparing Timestamp with date object is deprecated
+        ts = Timestamp("2021-01-01 00:00:00.00000", tz=tz)
+        dt = ts.to_pydatetime().date()
+        # in 2.0 we disallow comparing pydate objects with Timestamps,
+        #  following the stdlib datetime behavior.
+
+        msg = "Cannot compare Timestamp with datetime.date"
+        for left, right in [(ts, dt), (dt, ts)]:
+            assert not left == right
+            assert left != right
+
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left < right
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left <= right
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left > right
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+                left >= right
+
+    def test_cant_compare_tz_naive_w_aware(self, utc_fixture):
+        # see GH#1404
+        a = Timestamp("3/12/2012")
+        b = Timestamp("3/12/2012", tz=utc_fixture)
+
+        msg = "Cannot compare tz-naive and tz-aware timestamps"
+        assert not a == b
+        assert a != b
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            a < b
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            a <= b
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            a > b
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            a >= b
+
+        assert not b == a
+        assert b != a
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            b < a
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            b <= a
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            b > a
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            b >= a
+
+        assert not a == b.to_pydatetime()
+        assert not a.to_pydatetime() == b
+
+    def test_timestamp_compare_scalars(self):
+        # case where ndim == 0
+        lhs = np.datetime64(datetime(2013, 12, 6))
+        rhs = Timestamp("now")
+        nat = Timestamp("nat")
+
+        ops = {"gt": "lt", "lt": "gt", "ge": "le", "le": "ge", "eq": "eq", "ne": "ne"}
+
+        for left, right in ops.items():
+            left_f = getattr(operator, left)
+            right_f = getattr(operator, right)
+            expected = left_f(lhs, rhs)
+
+            result = right_f(rhs, lhs)
+            assert result == expected
+
+            expected = left_f(rhs, nat)
+            result = right_f(nat, rhs)
+            assert result == expected
+
+    def test_timestamp_compare_with_early_datetime(self):
+        # e.g. datetime.min
+        stamp = Timestamp("2012-01-01")
+
+        assert not stamp == datetime.min
+        assert not stamp == datetime(1600, 1, 1)
+        assert not stamp == datetime(2700, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp != datetime.min
+        assert stamp != datetime(1600, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp != datetime(2700, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp > datetime(1600, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp >= datetime(1600, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp < datetime(2700, 1, 1)
+        assert stamp <= datetime(2700, 1, 1)
+
+        other = Timestamp.min.to_pydatetime(warn=False)
+        assert other - timedelta(microseconds=1) < Timestamp.min
+
+    def test_timestamp_compare_oob_dt64(self):
+        us = np.timedelta64(1, "us")
+        other = np.datetime64(Timestamp.min).astype("M8[us]")
+
+        # This may change if the implementation bound is dropped to match
+        #  DatetimeArray/DatetimeIndex GH#24124
+        assert Timestamp.min > other
+        # Note: numpy gets the reversed comparison wrong
+
+        other = np.datetime64(Timestamp.max).astype("M8[us]")
+        assert Timestamp.max > other  # not actually OOB
+        assert other < Timestamp.max
+
+        assert Timestamp.max < other + us
+        # Note: numpy gets the reversed comparison wrong
+
+        # GH-42794
+        other = datetime(9999, 9, 9)
+        assert Timestamp.min < other
+        assert other > Timestamp.min
+        assert Timestamp.max < other
+        assert other > Timestamp.max
+
+        other = datetime(1, 1, 1)
+        assert Timestamp.max > other
+        assert other < Timestamp.max
+        assert Timestamp.min > other
+        assert other < Timestamp.min
+
+    def test_compare_zerodim_array(self, fixed_now_ts):
+        # GH#26916
+        ts = fixed_now_ts
+        dt64 = np.datetime64("2016-01-01", "ns")
+        arr = np.array(dt64)
+        assert arr.ndim == 0
+
+        result = arr < ts
+        assert result is np.bool_(True)
+        result = arr > ts
+        assert result is np.bool_(False)
+
+
+def test_rich_comparison_with_unsupported_type():
+    # Comparisons with unsupported objects should return NotImplemented
+    # (it previously raised TypeError, see #24011)
+
+    class Inf:
+        def __lt__(self, o):
+            return False
+
+        def __le__(self, o):
+            return isinstance(o, Inf)
+
+        def __gt__(self, o):
+            return not isinstance(o, Inf)
+
+        def __ge__(self, o):
+            return True
+
+        def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
+            return isinstance(other, Inf)
+
+    inf = Inf()
+    timestamp = Timestamp("2018-11-30")
+
+    for left, right in [(inf, timestamp), (timestamp, inf)]:
+        assert left > right or left < right
+        assert left >= right or left <= right
+        assert not left == right  # pylint: disable=unneeded-not
+        assert left != right
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_constructors.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_constructors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3975f3c46aaa128c4ad8dcedfb78800b203180ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_constructors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1068 @@
+import calendar
+from datetime import (
+    date,
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+    timezone,
+)
+import zoneinfo
+
+import dateutil.tz
+from dateutil.tz import (
+    gettz,
+    tzoffset,
+    tzutc,
+)
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+import pytz
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+from pandas.compat import PY310
+from pandas.errors import OutOfBoundsDatetime
+
+from pandas import (
+    NA,
+    NaT,
+    Period,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+
+
+class TestTimestampConstructorUnitKeyword:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("typ", [int, float])
+    def test_constructor_int_float_with_YM_unit(self, typ):
+        # GH#47266 avoid the conversions in cast_from_unit
+        val = typ(150)
+
+        ts = Timestamp(val, unit="Y")
+        expected = Timestamp("2120-01-01")
+        assert ts == expected
+
+        ts = Timestamp(val, unit="M")
+        expected = Timestamp("1982-07-01")
+        assert ts == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("typ", [int, float])
+    def test_construct_from_int_float_with_unit_out_of_bound_raises(self, typ):
+        # GH#50870  make sure we get a OutOfBoundsDatetime instead of OverflowError
+        val = typ(150000000000000)
+
+        msg = f"cannot convert input {val} with the unit 'D'"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(val, unit="D")
+
+    def test_constructor_float_not_round_with_YM_unit_raises(self):
+        # GH#47267 avoid the conversions in cast_from-unit
+
+        msg = "Conversion of non-round float with unit=[MY] is ambiguous"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(150.5, unit="Y")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(150.5, unit="M")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "value, check_kwargs",
+        [
+            [946688461000000000, {}],
+            [946688461000000000 / 1000, {"unit": "us"}],
+            [946688461000000000 / 1_000_000, {"unit": "ms"}],
+            [946688461000000000 / 1_000_000_000, {"unit": "s"}],
+            [10957, {"unit": "D", "h": 0}],
+            [
+                (946688461000000000 + 500000) / 1000000000,
+                {"unit": "s", "us": 499, "ns": 964},
+            ],
+            [
+                (946688461000000000 + 500000000) / 1000000000,
+                {"unit": "s", "us": 500000},
+            ],
+            [(946688461000000000 + 500000) / 1000000, {"unit": "ms", "us": 500}],
+            [(946688461000000000 + 500000) / 1000, {"unit": "us", "us": 500}],
+            [(946688461000000000 + 500000000) / 1000000, {"unit": "ms", "us": 500000}],
+            [946688461000000000 / 1000.0 + 5, {"unit": "us", "us": 5}],
+            [946688461000000000 / 1000.0 + 5000, {"unit": "us", "us": 5000}],
+            [946688461000000000 / 1000000.0 + 0.5, {"unit": "ms", "us": 500}],
+            [946688461000000000 / 1000000.0 + 0.005, {"unit": "ms", "us": 5, "ns": 5}],
+            [946688461000000000 / 1000000000.0 + 0.5, {"unit": "s", "us": 500000}],
+            [10957 + 0.5, {"unit": "D", "h": 12}],
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_construct_with_unit(self, value, check_kwargs):
+        def check(value, unit=None, h=1, s=1, us=0, ns=0):
+            stamp = Timestamp(value, unit=unit)
+            assert stamp.year == 2000
+            assert stamp.month == 1
+            assert stamp.day == 1
+            assert stamp.hour == h
+            if unit != "D":
+                assert stamp.minute == 1
+                assert stamp.second == s
+                assert stamp.microsecond == us
+            else:
+                assert stamp.minute == 0
+                assert stamp.second == 0
+                assert stamp.microsecond == 0
+            assert stamp.nanosecond == ns
+
+        check(value, **check_kwargs)
+
+
+class TestTimestampConstructorFoldKeyword:
+    def test_timestamp_constructor_invalid_fold_raise(self):
+        # Test for GH#25057
+        # Valid fold values are only [None, 0, 1]
+        msg = "Valid values for the fold argument are None, 0, or 1."
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(123, fold=2)
+
+    def test_timestamp_constructor_pytz_fold_raise(self):
+        # Test for GH#25057
+        # pytz doesn't support fold. Check that we raise
+        # if fold is passed with pytz
+        msg = "pytz timezones do not support fold. Please use dateutil timezones."
+        tz = pytz.timezone("Europe/London")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(datetime(2019, 10, 27, 0, 30, 0, 0), tz=tz, fold=0)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("fold", [0, 1])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "ts_input",
+        [
+            1572136200000000000,
+            1572136200000000000.0,
+            np.datetime64(1572136200000000000, "ns"),
+            "2019-10-27 01:30:00+01:00",
+            datetime(2019, 10, 27, 0, 30, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timestamp_constructor_fold_conflict(self, ts_input, fold):
+        # Test for GH#25057
+        # Check that we raise on fold conflict
+        msg = (
+            "Cannot pass fold with possibly unambiguous input: int, float, "
+            "numpy.datetime64, str, or timezone-aware datetime-like. "
+            "Pass naive datetime-like or build Timestamp from components."
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(ts_input=ts_input, fold=fold)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", ["dateutil/Europe/London", None])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("fold", [0, 1])
+    def test_timestamp_constructor_retain_fold(self, tz, fold):
+        # Test for GH#25057
+        # Check that we retain fold
+        ts = Timestamp(year=2019, month=10, day=27, hour=1, minute=30, tz=tz, fold=fold)
+        result = ts.fold
+        expected = fold
+        assert result == expected
+
+    try:
+        _tzs = [
+            "dateutil/Europe/London",
+            zoneinfo.ZoneInfo("Europe/London"),
+        ]
+    except zoneinfo.ZoneInfoNotFoundError:
+        _tzs = ["dateutil/Europe/London"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", _tzs)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "ts_input,fold_out",
+        [
+            (1572136200000000000, 0),
+            (1572139800000000000, 1),
+            ("2019-10-27 01:30:00+01:00", 0),
+            ("2019-10-27 01:30:00+00:00", 1),
+            (datetime(2019, 10, 27, 1, 30, 0, 0, fold=0), 0),
+            (datetime(2019, 10, 27, 1, 30, 0, 0, fold=1), 1),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timestamp_constructor_infer_fold_from_value(self, tz, ts_input, fold_out):
+        # Test for GH#25057
+        # Check that we infer fold correctly based on timestamps since utc
+        # or strings
+        ts = Timestamp(ts_input, tz=tz)
+        result = ts.fold
+        expected = fold_out
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", ["dateutil/Europe/London"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "ts_input,fold,value_out",
+        [
+            (datetime(2019, 10, 27, 1, 30, 0, 0), 0, 1572136200000000),
+            (datetime(2019, 10, 27, 1, 30, 0, 0), 1, 1572139800000000),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timestamp_constructor_adjust_value_for_fold(
+        self, tz, ts_input, fold, value_out
+    ):
+        # Test for GH#25057
+        # Check that we adjust value for fold correctly
+        # based on timestamps since utc
+        ts = Timestamp(ts_input, tz=tz, fold=fold)
+        result = ts._value
+        expected = value_out
+        assert result == expected
+
+
+class TestTimestampConstructorPositionalAndKeywordSupport:
+    def test_constructor_positional(self):
+        # see GH#10758
+        msg = (
+            "'NoneType' object cannot be interpreted as an integer"
+            if PY310
+            else "an integer is required"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(2000, 1)
+
+        msg = "month must be in 1..12"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(2000, 0, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(2000, 13, 1)
+
+        msg = "day is out of range for month"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(2000, 1, 0)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(2000, 1, 32)
+
+        # see gh-11630
+        assert repr(Timestamp(2015, 11, 12)) == repr(Timestamp("20151112"))
+        assert repr(Timestamp(2015, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 999999)) == repr(
+            Timestamp("2015-11-12 01:02:03.999999")
+        )
+
+    def test_constructor_keyword(self):
+        # GH#10758
+        msg = "function missing required argument 'day'|Required argument 'day'"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(year=2000, month=1)
+
+        msg = "month must be in 1..12"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(year=2000, month=0, day=1)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(year=2000, month=13, day=1)
+
+        msg = "day is out of range for month"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(year=2000, month=1, day=0)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(year=2000, month=1, day=32)
+
+        assert repr(Timestamp(year=2015, month=11, day=12)) == repr(
+            Timestamp("20151112")
+        )
+
+        assert repr(
+            Timestamp(
+                year=2015,
+                month=11,
+                day=12,
+                hour=1,
+                minute=2,
+                second=3,
+                microsecond=999999,
+            )
+        ) == repr(Timestamp("2015-11-12 01:02:03.999999"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "arg",
+        [
+            "year",
+            "month",
+            "day",
+            "hour",
+            "minute",
+            "second",
+            "microsecond",
+            "nanosecond",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_invalid_date_kwarg_with_string_input(self, arg):
+        kwarg = {arg: 1}
+        msg = "Cannot pass a date attribute keyword argument"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2010-10-10 12:59:59.999999999", **kwarg)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("kwargs", [{}, {"year": 2020}, {"year": 2020, "month": 1}])
+    def test_constructor_missing_keyword(self, kwargs):
+        # GH#31200
+
+        # The exact error message of datetime() depends on its version
+        msg1 = r"function missing required argument '(year|month|day)' \(pos [123]\)"
+        msg2 = r"Required argument '(year|month|day)' \(pos [123]\) not found"
+        msg = "|".join([msg1, msg2])
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(**kwargs)
+
+    def test_constructor_positional_with_tzinfo(self):
+        # GH#31929
+        ts = Timestamp(2020, 12, 31, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        expected = Timestamp("2020-12-31", tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        assert ts == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("kwd", ["nanosecond", "microsecond", "second", "minute"])
+    def test_constructor_positional_keyword_mixed_with_tzinfo(self, kwd, request):
+        # TODO: if we passed microsecond with a keyword we would mess up
+        #  xref GH#45307
+        if kwd != "nanosecond":
+            # nanosecond is keyword-only as of 2.0, others are not
+            mark = pytest.mark.xfail(reason="GH#45307")
+            request.applymarker(mark)
+
+        kwargs = {kwd: 4}
+        ts = Timestamp(2020, 12, 31, tzinfo=timezone.utc, **kwargs)
+
+        td_kwargs = {kwd + "s": 4}
+        td = Timedelta(**td_kwargs)
+        expected = Timestamp("2020-12-31", tz=timezone.utc) + td
+        assert ts == expected
+
+
+class TestTimestampClassMethodConstructors:
+    # Timestamp constructors other than __new__
+
+    def test_constructor_strptime(self):
+        # GH#25016
+        # Test support for Timestamp.strptime
+        fmt = "%Y%m%d-%H%M%S-%f%z"
+        ts = "20190129-235348-000001+0000"
+        msg = r"Timestamp.strptime\(\) is not implemented"
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp.strptime(ts, fmt)
+
+    def test_constructor_fromisocalendar(self):
+        # GH#30395
+        expected_timestamp = Timestamp("2000-01-03 00:00:00")
+        expected_stdlib = datetime.fromisocalendar(2000, 1, 1)
+        result = Timestamp.fromisocalendar(2000, 1, 1)
+        assert result == expected_timestamp
+        assert result == expected_stdlib
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+
+    def test_constructor_fromordinal(self):
+        base = datetime(2000, 1, 1)
+
+        ts = Timestamp.fromordinal(base.toordinal())
+        assert base == ts
+        assert base.toordinal() == ts.toordinal()
+
+        ts = Timestamp.fromordinal(base.toordinal(), tz="US/Eastern")
+        assert Timestamp("2000-01-01", tz="US/Eastern") == ts
+        assert base.toordinal() == ts.toordinal()
+
+        # GH#3042
+        dt = datetime(2011, 4, 16, 0, 0)
+        ts = Timestamp.fromordinal(dt.toordinal())
+        assert ts.to_pydatetime() == dt
+
+        # with a tzinfo
+        stamp = Timestamp("2011-4-16", tz="US/Eastern")
+        dt_tz = stamp.to_pydatetime()
+        ts = Timestamp.fromordinal(dt_tz.toordinal(), tz="US/Eastern")
+        assert ts.to_pydatetime() == dt_tz
+
+    def test_now(self):
+        # GH#9000
+        ts_from_string = Timestamp("now")
+        ts_from_method = Timestamp.now()
+        ts_datetime = datetime.now()
+
+        ts_from_string_tz = Timestamp("now", tz="US/Eastern")
+        ts_from_method_tz = Timestamp.now(tz="US/Eastern")
+
+        # Check that the delta between the times is less than 1s (arbitrarily
+        # small)
+        delta = Timedelta(seconds=1)
+        assert abs(ts_from_method - ts_from_string) < delta
+        assert abs(ts_datetime - ts_from_method) < delta
+        assert abs(ts_from_method_tz - ts_from_string_tz) < delta
+        assert (
+            abs(
+                ts_from_string_tz.tz_localize(None)
+                - ts_from_method_tz.tz_localize(None)
+            )
+            < delta
+        )
+
+    def test_today(self):
+        ts_from_string = Timestamp("today")
+        ts_from_method = Timestamp.today()
+        ts_datetime = datetime.today()
+
+        ts_from_string_tz = Timestamp("today", tz="US/Eastern")
+        ts_from_method_tz = Timestamp.today(tz="US/Eastern")
+
+        # Check that the delta between the times is less than 1s (arbitrarily
+        # small)
+        delta = Timedelta(seconds=1)
+        assert abs(ts_from_method - ts_from_string) < delta
+        assert abs(ts_datetime - ts_from_method) < delta
+        assert abs(ts_from_method_tz - ts_from_string_tz) < delta
+        assert (
+            abs(
+                ts_from_string_tz.tz_localize(None)
+                - ts_from_method_tz.tz_localize(None)
+            )
+            < delta
+        )
+
+
+class TestTimestampResolutionInference:
+    def test_construct_from_time_unit(self):
+        # GH#54097 only passing a time component, no date
+        ts = Timestamp("01:01:01.111")
+        assert ts.unit == "ms"
+
+    def test_constructor_str_infer_reso(self):
+        # non-iso8601 path
+
+        # _parse_delimited_date path
+        ts = Timestamp("01/30/2023")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        # _parse_dateabbr_string path
+        ts = Timestamp("2015Q1")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        # dateutil_parse path
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 1:30:01 PM")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2016 June 3 15:25:01.345")
+        assert ts.unit == "ms"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("300-01-01")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("300 June 1:30:01.300")
+        assert ts.unit == "ms"
+
+        # dateutil path -> don't drop trailing zeros
+        ts = Timestamp("01-01-2013T00:00:00.000000000+0000")
+        assert ts.unit == "ns"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2016/01/02 03:04:05.001000 UTC")
+        assert ts.unit == "us"
+
+        # higher-than-nanosecond -> we drop the trailing bits
+        ts = Timestamp("01-01-2013T00:00:00.000000002100+0000")
+        assert ts == Timestamp("01-01-2013T00:00:00.000000002+0000")
+        assert ts.unit == "ns"
+
+        # GH#56208 minute reso through the ISO8601 path with tz offset
+        ts = Timestamp("2020-01-01 00:00+00:00")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2020-01-01 00+00:00")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["now", "today"])
+    def test_now_today_unit(self, method):
+        # GH#55879
+        ts_from_method = getattr(Timestamp, method)()
+        ts_from_string = Timestamp(method)
+        assert ts_from_method.unit == ts_from_string.unit == "us"
+
+
+class TestTimestampConstructors:
+    def test_weekday_but_no_day_raises(self):
+        # GH#52659
+        msg = "Parsing datetimes with weekday but no day information is not supported"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2023 Sept Thu")
+
+    def test_construct_from_string_invalid_raises(self):
+        # dateutil (weirdly) parses "200622-12-31" as
+        #  datetime(2022, 6, 20, 12, 0, tzinfo=tzoffset(None, -111600)
+        #  which besides being mis-parsed, is a tzoffset that will cause
+        #  str(ts) to raise ValueError.  Ensure we raise in the constructor
+        #  instead.
+        # see test_to_datetime_malformed_raise for analogous to_datetime test
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="gives an invalid tzoffset"):
+            Timestamp("200622-12-31")
+
+    def test_constructor_from_iso8601_str_with_offset_reso(self):
+        # GH#49737
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 04:05:06-01:00")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 04:05:06.000-01:00")
+        assert ts.unit == "ms"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 04:05:06.000000-01:00")
+        assert ts.unit == "us"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2016-01-01 04:05:06.000000001-01:00")
+        assert ts.unit == "ns"
+
+    def test_constructor_from_date_second_reso(self):
+        # GH#49034 constructing from a pydate object gets lowest supported
+        #  reso, i.e. seconds
+        obj = date(2012, 9, 1)
+        ts = Timestamp(obj)
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+    def test_constructor_datetime64_with_tz(self):
+        # GH#42288, GH#24559
+        dt = np.datetime64("1970-01-01 05:00:00")
+        tzstr = "UTC+05:00"
+
+        # pre-2.0 this interpreted dt as a UTC time. in 2.0 this is treated
+        #  as a wall-time, consistent with DatetimeIndex behavior
+        ts = Timestamp(dt, tz=tzstr)
+
+        alt = Timestamp(dt).tz_localize(tzstr)
+        assert ts == alt
+        assert ts.hour == 5
+
+    def test_constructor(self):
+        base_str = "2014-07-01 09:00"
+        base_dt = datetime(2014, 7, 1, 9)
+        base_expected = 1_404_205_200_000_000_000
+
+        # confirm base representation is correct
+        assert calendar.timegm(base_dt.timetuple()) * 1_000_000_000 == base_expected
+
+        tests = [
+            (base_str, base_dt, base_expected),
+            (
+                "2014-07-01 10:00",
+                datetime(2014, 7, 1, 10),
+                base_expected + 3600 * 1_000_000_000,
+            ),
+            (
+                "2014-07-01 09:00:00.000008000",
+                datetime(2014, 7, 1, 9, 0, 0, 8),
+                base_expected + 8000,
+            ),
+            (
+                "2014-07-01 09:00:00.000000005",
+                Timestamp("2014-07-01 09:00:00.000000005"),
+                base_expected + 5,
+            ),
+        ]
+
+        timezones = [
+            (None, 0),
+            ("UTC", 0),
+            (pytz.utc, 0),
+            ("Asia/Tokyo", 9),
+            ("US/Eastern", -4),
+            ("dateutil/US/Pacific", -7),
+            (pytz.FixedOffset(-180), -3),
+            (dateutil.tz.tzoffset(None, 18000), 5),
+        ]
+
+        for date_str, date_obj, expected in tests:
+            for result in [Timestamp(date_str), Timestamp(date_obj)]:
+                result = result.as_unit("ns")  # test originally written before non-nano
+                # only with timestring
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected
+
+                # re-creation shouldn't affect to internal value
+                result = Timestamp(result)
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected
+
+            # with timezone
+            for tz, offset in timezones:
+                for result in [Timestamp(date_str, tz=tz), Timestamp(date_obj, tz=tz)]:
+                    result = result.as_unit(
+                        "ns"
+                    )  # test originally written before non-nano
+                    expected_tz = expected - offset * 3600 * 1_000_000_000
+                    assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_tz
+
+                    # should preserve tz
+                    result = Timestamp(result)
+                    assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_tz
+
+                    # should convert to UTC
+                    if tz is not None:
+                        result = Timestamp(result).tz_convert("UTC")
+                    else:
+                        result = Timestamp(result, tz="UTC")
+                    expected_utc = expected - offset * 3600 * 1_000_000_000
+                    assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_utc
+
+    def test_constructor_with_stringoffset(self):
+        # GH 7833
+        base_str = "2014-07-01 11:00:00+02:00"
+        base_dt = datetime(2014, 7, 1, 9)
+        base_expected = 1_404_205_200_000_000_000
+
+        # confirm base representation is correct
+        assert calendar.timegm(base_dt.timetuple()) * 1_000_000_000 == base_expected
+
+        tests = [
+            (base_str, base_expected),
+            ("2014-07-01 12:00:00+02:00", base_expected + 3600 * 1_000_000_000),
+            ("2014-07-01 11:00:00.000008000+02:00", base_expected + 8000),
+            ("2014-07-01 11:00:00.000000005+02:00", base_expected + 5),
+        ]
+
+        timezones = [
+            (None, 0),
+            ("UTC", 0),
+            (pytz.utc, 0),
+            ("Asia/Tokyo", 9),
+            ("US/Eastern", -4),
+            ("dateutil/US/Pacific", -7),
+            (pytz.FixedOffset(-180), -3),
+            (dateutil.tz.tzoffset(None, 18000), 5),
+        ]
+
+        for date_str, expected in tests:
+            for result in [Timestamp(date_str)]:
+                # only with timestring
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected
+
+                # re-creation shouldn't affect to internal value
+                result = Timestamp(result)
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected
+
+            # with timezone
+            for tz, offset in timezones:
+                result = Timestamp(date_str, tz=tz)
+                expected_tz = expected
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_tz
+
+                # should preserve tz
+                result = Timestamp(result)
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_tz
+
+                # should convert to UTC
+                result = Timestamp(result).tz_convert("UTC")
+                expected_utc = expected
+                assert result.as_unit("ns")._value == expected_utc
+
+        # This should be 2013-11-01 05:00 in UTC
+        # converted to Chicago tz
+        result = Timestamp("2013-11-01 00:00:00-0500", tz="America/Chicago")
+        assert result._value == Timestamp("2013-11-01 05:00")._value
+        expected = "Timestamp('2013-11-01 00:00:00-0500', tz='America/Chicago')"
+        assert repr(result) == expected
+        assert result == eval(repr(result))
+
+        # This should be 2013-11-01 05:00 in UTC
+        # converted to Tokyo tz (+09:00)
+        result = Timestamp("2013-11-01 00:00:00-0500", tz="Asia/Tokyo")
+        assert result._value == Timestamp("2013-11-01 05:00")._value
+        expected = "Timestamp('2013-11-01 14:00:00+0900', tz='Asia/Tokyo')"
+        assert repr(result) == expected
+        assert result == eval(repr(result))
+
+        # GH11708
+        # This should be 2015-11-18 10:00 in UTC
+        # converted to Asia/Katmandu
+        result = Timestamp("2015-11-18 15:45:00+05:45", tz="Asia/Katmandu")
+        assert result._value == Timestamp("2015-11-18 10:00")._value
+        expected = "Timestamp('2015-11-18 15:45:00+0545', tz='Asia/Katmandu')"
+        assert repr(result) == expected
+        assert result == eval(repr(result))
+
+        # This should be 2015-11-18 10:00 in UTC
+        # converted to Asia/Kolkata
+        result = Timestamp("2015-11-18 15:30:00+05:30", tz="Asia/Kolkata")
+        assert result._value == Timestamp("2015-11-18 10:00")._value
+        expected = "Timestamp('2015-11-18 15:30:00+0530', tz='Asia/Kolkata')"
+        assert repr(result) == expected
+        assert result == eval(repr(result))
+
+    def test_constructor_invalid(self):
+        msg = "Cannot convert input"
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(slice(2))
+        msg = "Cannot convert Period"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(Period("1000-01-01"))
+
+    def test_constructor_invalid_tz(self):
+        # GH#17690
+        msg = (
+            "Argument 'tzinfo' has incorrect type "
+            r"\(expected datetime.tzinfo, got str\)"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2017-10-22", tzinfo="US/Eastern")
+
+        msg = "at most one of"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2017-10-22", tzinfo=pytz.utc, tz="UTC")
+
+        msg = "Cannot pass a date attribute keyword argument when passing a date string"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            # GH#5168
+            # case where user tries to pass tz as an arg, not kwarg, gets
+            # interpreted as `year`
+            Timestamp("2012-01-01", "US/Pacific")
+
+    def test_constructor_tz_or_tzinfo(self):
+        # GH#17943, GH#17690, GH#5168
+        stamps = [
+            Timestamp(year=2017, month=10, day=22, tz="UTC"),
+            Timestamp(year=2017, month=10, day=22, tzinfo=pytz.utc),
+            Timestamp(year=2017, month=10, day=22, tz=pytz.utc),
+            Timestamp(datetime(2017, 10, 22), tzinfo=pytz.utc),
+            Timestamp(datetime(2017, 10, 22), tz="UTC"),
+            Timestamp(datetime(2017, 10, 22), tz=pytz.utc),
+        ]
+        assert all(ts == stamps[0] for ts in stamps)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "result",
+        [
+            Timestamp(datetime(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), nanosecond=1),
+            Timestamp(
+                year=2000,
+                month=1,
+                day=2,
+                hour=3,
+                minute=4,
+                second=5,
+                microsecond=6,
+                nanosecond=1,
+            ),
+            Timestamp(
+                year=2000,
+                month=1,
+                day=2,
+                hour=3,
+                minute=4,
+                second=5,
+                microsecond=6,
+                nanosecond=1,
+                tz="UTC",
+            ),
+            Timestamp(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, None, nanosecond=1),
+            Timestamp(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, tz=pytz.UTC, nanosecond=1),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_constructor_nanosecond(self, result):
+        # GH 18898
+        # As of 2.0 (GH 49416), nanosecond should not be accepted positionally
+        expected = Timestamp(datetime(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), tz=result.tz)
+        expected = expected + Timedelta(nanoseconds=1)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("z", ["Z0", "Z00"])
+    def test_constructor_invalid_Z0_isostring(self, z):
+        # GH 8910
+        msg = f"Unknown datetime string format, unable to parse: 2014-11-02 01:00{z}"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(f"2014-11-02 01:00{z}")
+
+    def test_out_of_bounds_integer_value(self):
+        # GH#26651 check that we raise OutOfBoundsDatetime, not OverflowError
+        msg = str(Timestamp.max._value * 2)
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(Timestamp.max._value * 2)
+        msg = str(Timestamp.min._value * 2)
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(Timestamp.min._value * 2)
+
+    def test_out_of_bounds_value(self):
+        one_us = np.timedelta64(1).astype("timedelta64[us]")
+
+        # By definition we can't go out of bounds in [ns], so we
+        # convert the datetime64s to [us] so we can go out of bounds
+        min_ts_us = np.datetime64(Timestamp.min).astype("M8[us]") + one_us
+        max_ts_us = np.datetime64(Timestamp.max).astype("M8[us]")
+
+        # No error for the min/max datetimes
+        Timestamp(min_ts_us)
+        Timestamp(max_ts_us)
+
+        # We used to raise on these before supporting non-nano
+        us_val = NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+        assert Timestamp(min_ts_us - one_us)._creso == us_val
+        assert Timestamp(max_ts_us + one_us)._creso == us_val
+
+        # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/22346 for why
+        #  we can't use the same construction as above with minute resolution
+
+        # too_low, too_high are the _just_ outside the range of M8[s]
+        too_low = np.datetime64("-292277022657-01-27T08:29", "m")
+        too_high = np.datetime64("292277026596-12-04T15:31", "m")
+
+        msg = "Out of bounds"
+        # One us less than the minimum is an error
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(too_low)
+
+        # One us more than the maximum is an error
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(too_high)
+
+    def test_out_of_bounds_string(self):
+        msg = "Cannot cast .* to unit='ns' without overflow"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("1676-01-01").as_unit("ns")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2263-01-01").as_unit("ns")
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2263-01-01")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+        ts = Timestamp("1676-01-01")
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+
+    def test_barely_out_of_bounds(self):
+        # GH#19529
+        # GH#19382 close enough to bounds that dropping nanos would result
+        # in an in-bounds datetime
+        msg = "Out of bounds nanosecond timestamp: 2262-04-11 23:47:16"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2262-04-11 23:47:16.854775808")
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_ubsan
+    def test_bounds_with_different_units(self):
+        out_of_bounds_dates = ("1677-09-21", "2262-04-12")
+
+        time_units = ("D", "h", "m", "s", "ms", "us")
+
+        for date_string in out_of_bounds_dates:
+            for unit in time_units:
+                dt64 = np.datetime64(date_string, unit)
+                ts = Timestamp(dt64)
+                if unit in ["s", "ms", "us"]:
+                    # We can preserve the input unit
+                    assert ts._value == dt64.view("i8")
+                else:
+                    # we chose the closest unit that we _do_ support
+                    assert ts._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+
+        # With more extreme cases, we can't even fit inside second resolution
+        info = np.iinfo(np.int64)
+        msg = "Out of bounds second timestamp:"
+        for value in [info.min + 1, info.max]:
+            for unit in ["D", "h", "m"]:
+                dt64 = np.datetime64(value, unit)
+                with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+                    Timestamp(dt64)
+
+        in_bounds_dates = ("1677-09-23", "2262-04-11")
+
+        for date_string in in_bounds_dates:
+            for unit in time_units:
+                dt64 = np.datetime64(date_string, unit)
+                Timestamp(dt64)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arg", ["001-01-01", "0001-01-01"])
+    def test_out_of_bounds_string_consistency(self, arg):
+        # GH 15829
+        msg = "Cannot cast 0001-01-01 00:00:00 to unit='ns' without overflow"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(arg).as_unit("ns")
+
+        ts = Timestamp(arg)
+        assert ts.unit == "s"
+        assert ts.year == ts.month == ts.day == 1
+
+    def test_min_valid(self):
+        # Ensure that Timestamp.min is a valid Timestamp
+        Timestamp(Timestamp.min)
+
+    def test_max_valid(self):
+        # Ensure that Timestamp.max is a valid Timestamp
+        Timestamp(Timestamp.max)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("offset", ["+0300", "+0200"])
+    def test_construct_timestamp_near_dst(self, offset):
+        # GH 20854
+        expected = Timestamp(f"2016-10-30 03:00:00{offset}", tz="Europe/Helsinki")
+        result = Timestamp(expected).tz_convert("Europe/Helsinki")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "arg", ["2013/01/01 00:00:00+09:00", "2013-01-01 00:00:00+09:00"]
+    )
+    def test_construct_with_different_string_format(self, arg):
+        # GH 12064
+        result = Timestamp(arg)
+        expected = Timestamp(datetime(2013, 1, 1), tz=pytz.FixedOffset(540))
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("box", [datetime, Timestamp])
+    def test_raise_tz_and_tzinfo_in_datetime_input(self, box):
+        # GH 23579
+        kwargs = {"year": 2018, "month": 1, "day": 1, "tzinfo": pytz.utc}
+        msg = "Cannot pass a datetime or Timestamp"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(box(**kwargs), tz="US/Pacific")
+        msg = "Cannot pass a datetime or Timestamp"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(box(**kwargs), tzinfo=pytz.timezone("US/Pacific"))
+
+    def test_dont_convert_dateutil_utc_to_pytz_utc(self):
+        result = Timestamp(datetime(2018, 1, 1), tz=tzutc())
+        expected = Timestamp(datetime(2018, 1, 1)).tz_localize(tzutc())
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_constructor_subclassed_datetime(self):
+        # GH 25851
+        # ensure that subclassed datetime works for
+        # Timestamp creation
+        class SubDatetime(datetime):
+            pass
+
+        data = SubDatetime(2000, 1, 1)
+        result = Timestamp(data)
+        expected = Timestamp(2000, 1, 1)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_timestamp_constructor_tz_utc(self):
+        utc_stamp = Timestamp("3/11/2012 05:00", tz="utc")
+        assert utc_stamp.tzinfo is timezone.utc
+        assert utc_stamp.hour == 5
+
+        utc_stamp = Timestamp("3/11/2012 05:00").tz_localize("utc")
+        assert utc_stamp.hour == 5
+
+    def test_timestamp_to_datetime_tzoffset(self):
+        tzinfo = tzoffset(None, 7200)
+        expected = Timestamp("3/11/2012 04:00", tz=tzinfo)
+        result = Timestamp(expected.to_pydatetime())
+        assert expected == result
+
+    def test_timestamp_constructor_near_dst_boundary(self):
+        # GH#11481 & GH#15777
+        # Naive string timestamps were being localized incorrectly
+        # with tz_convert_from_utc_single instead of tz_localize_to_utc
+
+        for tz in ["Europe/Brussels", "Europe/Prague"]:
+            result = Timestamp("2015-10-25 01:00", tz=tz)
+            expected = Timestamp("2015-10-25 01:00").tz_localize(tz)
+            assert result == expected
+
+            msg = "Cannot infer dst time from 2015-10-25 02:00:00"
+            with pytest.raises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError, match=msg):
+                Timestamp("2015-10-25 02:00", tz=tz)
+
+        result = Timestamp("2017-03-26 01:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        expected = Timestamp("2017-03-26 01:00").tz_localize("Europe/Paris")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = "2017-03-26 02:00"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2017-03-26 02:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+
+        # GH#11708
+        naive = Timestamp("2015-11-18 10:00:00")
+        result = naive.tz_localize("UTC").tz_convert("Asia/Kolkata")
+        expected = Timestamp("2015-11-18 15:30:00+0530", tz="Asia/Kolkata")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        # GH#15823
+        result = Timestamp("2017-03-26 00:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        expected = Timestamp("2017-03-26 00:00:00+0100", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = Timestamp("2017-03-26 01:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        expected = Timestamp("2017-03-26 01:00:00+0100", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        msg = "2017-03-26 02:00"
+        with pytest.raises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError, match=msg):
+            Timestamp("2017-03-26 02:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+
+        result = Timestamp("2017-03-26 02:00:00+0100", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        naive = Timestamp(result.as_unit("ns")._value)
+        expected = naive.tz_localize("UTC").tz_convert("Europe/Paris")
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = Timestamp("2017-03-26 03:00", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        expected = Timestamp("2017-03-26 03:00:00+0200", tz="Europe/Paris")
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "tz",
+        [
+            pytz.timezone("US/Eastern"),
+            gettz("US/Eastern"),
+            "US/Eastern",
+            "dateutil/US/Eastern",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timestamp_constructed_by_date_and_tz(self, tz):
+        # GH#2993, Timestamp cannot be constructed by datetime.date
+        # and tz correctly
+
+        result = Timestamp(date(2012, 3, 11), tz=tz)
+
+        expected = Timestamp("3/11/2012", tz=tz)
+        assert result.hour == expected.hour
+        assert result == expected
+
+
+def test_constructor_ambiguous_dst():
+    # GH 24329
+    # Make sure that calling Timestamp constructor
+    # on Timestamp created from ambiguous time
+    # doesn't change Timestamp.value
+    ts = Timestamp(1382835600000000000, tz="dateutil/Europe/London")
+    expected = ts._value
+    result = Timestamp(ts)._value
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("epoch", [1552211999999999872, 1552211999999999999])
+def test_constructor_before_dst_switch(epoch):
+    # GH 31043
+    # Make sure that calling Timestamp constructor
+    # on time just before DST switch doesn't lead to
+    # nonexistent time or value change
+    ts = Timestamp(epoch, tz="dateutil/America/Los_Angeles")
+    result = ts.tz.dst(ts)
+    expected = timedelta(seconds=0)
+    assert Timestamp(ts)._value == epoch
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+def test_timestamp_constructor_identity():
+    # Test for #30543
+    expected = Timestamp("2017-01-01T12")
+    result = Timestamp(expected)
+    assert result is expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("nano", [-1, 1000])
+def test_timestamp_nano_range(nano):
+    # GH 48255
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="nanosecond must be in 0..999"):
+        Timestamp(year=2022, month=1, day=1, nanosecond=nano)
+
+
+def test_non_nano_value():
+    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/49076
+    result = Timestamp("1800-01-01", unit="s").value
+    # `.value` shows nanoseconds, even though unit is 's'
+    assert result == -5364662400000000000
+
+    # out-of-nanoseconds-bounds `.value` raises informative message
+    msg = (
+        r"Cannot convert Timestamp to nanoseconds without overflow. "
+        r"Use `.asm8.view\('i8'\)` to cast represent Timestamp in its "
+        r"own unit \(here, s\).$"
+    )
+    ts = Timestamp("0300-01-01")
+    with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match=msg):
+        ts.value
+    # check that the suggested workaround actually works
+    result = ts.asm8.view("i8")
+    assert result == -52700112000
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("na_value", [None, np.nan, np.datetime64("NaT"), NaT, NA])
+def test_timestamp_constructor_na_value(na_value):
+    # GH45481
+    result = Timestamp(na_value)
+    expected = NaT
+    assert result is expected
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_formats.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_formats.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7ebcccef1c86ee34cb8889d8840b77f5cfc2616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_formats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+import pprint
+
+import dateutil.tz
+import pytest
+import pytz  # a test below uses pytz but only inside a `eval` call
+
+from pandas import Timestamp
+
+ts_no_ns = Timestamp(
+    year=2019,
+    month=5,
+    day=18,
+    hour=15,
+    minute=17,
+    second=8,
+    microsecond=132263,
+)
+ts_no_ns_year1 = Timestamp(
+    year=1,
+    month=5,
+    day=18,
+    hour=15,
+    minute=17,
+    second=8,
+    microsecond=132263,
+)
+ts_ns = Timestamp(
+    year=2019,
+    month=5,
+    day=18,
+    hour=15,
+    minute=17,
+    second=8,
+    microsecond=132263,
+    nanosecond=123,
+)
+ts_ns_tz = Timestamp(
+    year=2019,
+    month=5,
+    day=18,
+    hour=15,
+    minute=17,
+    second=8,
+    microsecond=132263,
+    nanosecond=123,
+    tz="UTC",
+)
+ts_no_us = Timestamp(
+    year=2019,
+    month=5,
+    day=18,
+    hour=15,
+    minute=17,
+    second=8,
+    microsecond=0,
+    nanosecond=123,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "ts, timespec, expected_iso",
+    [
+        (ts_no_ns, "auto", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263"),
+        (ts_no_ns, "seconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08"),
+        (ts_no_ns, "nanoseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263000"),
+        (ts_no_ns_year1, "seconds", "0001-05-18T15:17:08"),
+        (ts_no_ns_year1, "nanoseconds", "0001-05-18T15:17:08.132263000"),
+        (ts_ns, "auto", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263123"),
+        (ts_ns, "hours", "2019-05-18T15"),
+        (ts_ns, "minutes", "2019-05-18T15:17"),
+        (ts_ns, "seconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08"),
+        (ts_ns, "milliseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132"),
+        (ts_ns, "microseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263"),
+        (ts_ns, "nanoseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263123"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "auto", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263123+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "hours", "2019-05-18T15+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "minutes", "2019-05-18T15:17+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "seconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "milliseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "microseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263+00:00"),
+        (ts_ns_tz, "nanoseconds", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263123+00:00"),
+        (ts_no_us, "auto", "2019-05-18T15:17:08.000000123"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_isoformat(ts, timespec, expected_iso):
+    assert ts.isoformat(timespec=timespec) == expected_iso
+
+
+class TestTimestampRendering:
+    timezones = ["UTC", "Asia/Tokyo", "US/Eastern", "dateutil/America/Los_Angeles"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", timezones)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("freq", ["D", "M", "S", "N"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "date", ["2014-03-07", "2014-01-01 09:00", "2014-01-01 00:00:00.000000001"]
+    )
+    def test_repr(self, date, freq, tz):
+        # avoid to match with timezone name
+        freq_repr = f"'{freq}'"
+        if tz.startswith("dateutil"):
+            tz_repr = tz.replace("dateutil", "")
+        else:
+            tz_repr = tz
+
+        date_only = Timestamp(date)
+        assert date in repr(date_only)
+        assert tz_repr not in repr(date_only)
+        assert freq_repr not in repr(date_only)
+        assert date_only == eval(repr(date_only))
+
+        date_tz = Timestamp(date, tz=tz)
+        assert date in repr(date_tz)
+        assert tz_repr in repr(date_tz)
+        assert freq_repr not in repr(date_tz)
+        assert date_tz == eval(repr(date_tz))
+
+    def test_repr_utcoffset(self):
+        # This can cause the tz field to be populated, but it's redundant to
+        # include this information in the date-string.
+        date_with_utc_offset = Timestamp("2014-03-13 00:00:00-0400", tz=None)
+        assert "2014-03-13 00:00:00-0400" in repr(date_with_utc_offset)
+        assert "tzoffset" not in repr(date_with_utc_offset)
+        assert "UTC-04:00" in repr(date_with_utc_offset)
+        expr = repr(date_with_utc_offset)
+        assert date_with_utc_offset == eval(expr)
+
+    def test_timestamp_repr_pre1900(self):
+        # pre-1900
+        stamp = Timestamp("1850-01-01", tz="US/Eastern")
+        repr(stamp)
+
+        iso8601 = "1850-01-01 01:23:45.012345"
+        stamp = Timestamp(iso8601, tz="US/Eastern")
+        result = repr(stamp)
+        assert iso8601 in result
+
+    def test_pprint(self):
+        # GH#12622
+        nested_obj = {"foo": 1, "bar": [{"w": {"a": Timestamp("2011-01-01")}}] * 10}
+        result = pprint.pformat(nested_obj, width=50)
+        expected = r"""{'bar': [{'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}},
+         {'w': {'a': Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00')}}],
+ 'foo': 1}"""
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_to_timestamp_repr_is_code(self):
+        zs = [
+            Timestamp("99-04-17 00:00:00", tz="UTC"),
+            Timestamp("2001-04-17 00:00:00", tz="UTC"),
+            Timestamp("2001-04-17 00:00:00", tz="America/Los_Angeles"),
+            Timestamp("2001-04-17 00:00:00", tz=None),
+        ]
+        for z in zs:
+            assert eval(repr(z)) == z
+
+    def test_repr_matches_pydatetime_no_tz(self):
+        dt_date = datetime(2013, 1, 2)
+        assert str(dt_date) == str(Timestamp(dt_date))
+
+        dt_datetime = datetime(2013, 1, 2, 12, 1, 3)
+        assert str(dt_datetime) == str(Timestamp(dt_datetime))
+
+        dt_datetime_us = datetime(2013, 1, 2, 12, 1, 3, 45)
+        assert str(dt_datetime_us) == str(Timestamp(dt_datetime_us))
+
+        ts_nanos_only = Timestamp(200)
+        assert str(ts_nanos_only) == "1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000200"
+
+        ts_nanos_micros = Timestamp(1200)
+        assert str(ts_nanos_micros) == "1970-01-01 00:00:00.000001200"
+
+    def test_repr_matches_pydatetime_tz_pytz(self):
+        dt_date = datetime(2013, 1, 2, tzinfo=pytz.utc)
+        assert str(dt_date) == str(Timestamp(dt_date))
+
+        dt_datetime = datetime(2013, 1, 2, 12, 1, 3, tzinfo=pytz.utc)
+        assert str(dt_datetime) == str(Timestamp(dt_datetime))
+
+        dt_datetime_us = datetime(2013, 1, 2, 12, 1, 3, 45, tzinfo=pytz.utc)
+        assert str(dt_datetime_us) == str(Timestamp(dt_datetime_us))
+
+    def test_repr_matches_pydatetime_tz_dateutil(self):
+        utc = dateutil.tz.tzutc()
+
+        dt_date = datetime(2013, 1, 2, tzinfo=utc)
+        assert str(dt_date) == str(Timestamp(dt_date))
+
+        dt_datetime = datetime(2013, 1, 2, 12, 1, 3, tzinfo=utc)
+        assert str(dt_datetime) == str(Timestamp(dt_datetime))
+
+        dt_datetime_us = datetime(2013, 1, 2, 12, 1, 3, 45, tzinfo=utc)
+        assert str(dt_datetime_us) == str(Timestamp(dt_datetime_us))
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_timestamp.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_timestamp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05e1c93e1a676a977bde93dffcbdb7f389db5f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_timestamp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,928 @@
+""" test the scalar Timestamp """
+
+import calendar
+from datetime import (
+    datetime,
+    timedelta,
+    timezone,
+)
+import locale
+import time
+import unicodedata
+
+from dateutil.tz import (
+    tzlocal,
+    tzutc,
+)
+from hypothesis import (
+    given,
+    strategies as st,
+)
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+import pytz
+from pytz import utc
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes import NpyDatetimeUnit
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.timezones import (
+    dateutil_gettz as gettz,
+    get_timezone,
+    maybe_get_tz,
+    tz_compare,
+)
+from pandas.compat import IS64
+
+from pandas import (
+    NaT,
+    Timedelta,
+    Timestamp,
+)
+import pandas._testing as tm
+
+from pandas.tseries import offsets
+from pandas.tseries.frequencies import to_offset
+
+
+class TestTimestampProperties:
+    def test_properties_business(self):
+        freq = to_offset("B")
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2017-10-01")
+        assert ts.dayofweek == 6
+        assert ts.day_of_week == 6
+        assert ts.is_month_start  # not a weekday
+        assert not freq.is_month_start(ts)
+        assert freq.is_month_start(ts + Timedelta(days=1))
+        assert not freq.is_quarter_start(ts)
+        assert freq.is_quarter_start(ts + Timedelta(days=1))
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2017-09-30")
+        assert ts.dayofweek == 5
+        assert ts.day_of_week == 5
+        assert ts.is_month_end
+        assert not freq.is_month_end(ts)
+        assert freq.is_month_end(ts - Timedelta(days=1))
+        assert ts.is_quarter_end
+        assert not freq.is_quarter_end(ts)
+        assert freq.is_quarter_end(ts - Timedelta(days=1))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "attr, expected",
+        [
+            ["year", 2014],
+            ["month", 12],
+            ["day", 31],
+            ["hour", 23],
+            ["minute", 59],
+            ["second", 0],
+            ["microsecond", 0],
+            ["nanosecond", 0],
+            ["dayofweek", 2],
+            ["day_of_week", 2],
+            ["quarter", 4],
+            ["dayofyear", 365],
+            ["day_of_year", 365],
+            ["week", 1],
+            ["daysinmonth", 31],
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [None, "US/Eastern"])
+    def test_fields(self, attr, expected, tz):
+        # GH 10050
+        # GH 13303
+        ts = Timestamp("2014-12-31 23:59:00", tz=tz)
+        result = getattr(ts, attr)
+        # that we are int like
+        assert isinstance(result, int)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [None, "US/Eastern"])
+    def test_millisecond_raises(self, tz):
+        ts = Timestamp("2014-12-31 23:59:00", tz=tz)
+        msg = "'Timestamp' object has no attribute 'millisecond'"
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg):
+            ts.millisecond
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "start", ["is_month_start", "is_quarter_start", "is_year_start"]
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [None, "US/Eastern"])
+    def test_is_start(self, start, tz):
+        ts = Timestamp("2014-01-01 00:00:00", tz=tz)
+        assert getattr(ts, start)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("end", ["is_month_end", "is_year_end", "is_quarter_end"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [None, "US/Eastern"])
+    def test_is_end(self, end, tz):
+        ts = Timestamp("2014-12-31 23:59:59", tz=tz)
+        assert getattr(ts, end)
+
+    # GH 12806
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "data",
+        [Timestamp("2017-08-28 23:00:00"), Timestamp("2017-08-28 23:00:00", tz="EST")],
+    )
+    # error: Unsupported operand types for + ("List[None]" and "List[str]")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "time_locale", [None] + tm.get_locales()  # type: ignore[operator]
+    )
+    def test_names(self, data, time_locale):
+        # GH 17354
+        # Test .day_name(), .month_name
+        if time_locale is None:
+            expected_day = "Monday"
+            expected_month = "August"
+        else:
+            with tm.set_locale(time_locale, locale.LC_TIME):
+                expected_day = calendar.day_name[0].capitalize()
+                expected_month = calendar.month_name[8].capitalize()
+
+        result_day = data.day_name(time_locale)
+        result_month = data.month_name(time_locale)
+
+        # Work around https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/22342
+        # different normalizations
+        expected_day = unicodedata.normalize("NFD", expected_day)
+        expected_month = unicodedata.normalize("NFD", expected_month)
+
+        result_day = unicodedata.normalize("NFD", result_day)
+        result_month = unicodedata.normalize("NFD", result_month)
+
+        assert result_day == expected_day
+        assert result_month == expected_month
+
+        # Test NaT
+        nan_ts = Timestamp(NaT)
+        assert np.isnan(nan_ts.day_name(time_locale))
+        assert np.isnan(nan_ts.month_name(time_locale))
+
+    def test_is_leap_year(self, tz_naive_fixture):
+        tz = tz_naive_fixture
+        if not IS64 and tz == tzlocal():
+            # https://github.com/dateutil/dateutil/issues/197
+            pytest.skip(
+                "tzlocal() on a 32 bit platform causes internal overflow errors"
+            )
+        # GH 13727
+        dt = Timestamp("2000-01-01 00:00:00", tz=tz)
+        assert dt.is_leap_year
+        assert isinstance(dt.is_leap_year, bool)
+
+        dt = Timestamp("1999-01-01 00:00:00", tz=tz)
+        assert not dt.is_leap_year
+
+        dt = Timestamp("2004-01-01 00:00:00", tz=tz)
+        assert dt.is_leap_year
+
+        dt = Timestamp("2100-01-01 00:00:00", tz=tz)
+        assert not dt.is_leap_year
+
+    def test_woy_boundary(self):
+        # make sure weeks at year boundaries are correct
+        d = datetime(2013, 12, 31)
+        result = Timestamp(d).week
+        expected = 1  # ISO standard
+        assert result == expected
+
+        d = datetime(2008, 12, 28)
+        result = Timestamp(d).week
+        expected = 52  # ISO standard
+        assert result == expected
+
+        d = datetime(2009, 12, 31)
+        result = Timestamp(d).week
+        expected = 53  # ISO standard
+        assert result == expected
+
+        d = datetime(2010, 1, 1)
+        result = Timestamp(d).week
+        expected = 53  # ISO standard
+        assert result == expected
+
+        d = datetime(2010, 1, 3)
+        result = Timestamp(d).week
+        expected = 53  # ISO standard
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = np.array(
+            [
+                Timestamp(datetime(*args)).week
+                for args in [(2000, 1, 1), (2000, 1, 2), (2005, 1, 1), (2005, 1, 2)]
+            ]
+        )
+        assert (result == [52, 52, 53, 53]).all()
+
+    def test_resolution(self):
+        # GH#21336, GH#21365
+        dt = Timestamp("2100-01-01 00:00:00.000000000")
+        assert dt.resolution == Timedelta(nanoseconds=1)
+
+        # Check that the attribute is available on the class, mirroring
+        #  the stdlib datetime behavior
+        assert Timestamp.resolution == Timedelta(nanoseconds=1)
+
+        assert dt.as_unit("us").resolution == Timedelta(microseconds=1)
+        assert dt.as_unit("ms").resolution == Timedelta(milliseconds=1)
+        assert dt.as_unit("s").resolution == Timedelta(seconds=1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "date_string, expected",
+        [
+            ("0000-2-29", 1),
+            ("0000-3-1", 2),
+            ("1582-10-14", 3),
+            ("-0040-1-1", 4),
+            ("2023-06-18", 6),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_dow_historic(self, date_string, expected):
+        # GH 53738
+        ts = Timestamp(date_string)
+        dow = ts.weekday()
+        assert dow == expected
+
+    @given(
+        ts=st.datetimes(),
+        sign=st.sampled_from(["-", ""]),
+    )
+    def test_dow_parametric(self, ts, sign):
+        # GH 53738
+        ts = (
+            f"{sign}{str(ts.year).zfill(4)}"
+            f"-{str(ts.month).zfill(2)}"
+            f"-{str(ts.day).zfill(2)}"
+        )
+        result = Timestamp(ts).weekday()
+        expected = (
+            (np.datetime64(ts) - np.datetime64("1970-01-01")).astype("int64") - 4
+        ) % 7
+        assert result == expected
+
+
+class TestTimestamp:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [None, pytz.timezone("US/Pacific")])
+    def test_disallow_setting_tz(self, tz):
+        # GH#3746
+        ts = Timestamp("2010")
+        msg = "Cannot directly set timezone"
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=msg):
+            ts.tz = tz
+
+    def test_default_to_stdlib_utc(self):
+        assert Timestamp.utcnow().tz is timezone.utc
+        assert Timestamp.now("UTC").tz is timezone.utc
+        assert Timestamp("2016-01-01", tz="UTC").tz is timezone.utc
+
+    def test_tz(self):
+        tstr = "2014-02-01 09:00"
+        ts = Timestamp(tstr)
+        local = ts.tz_localize("Asia/Tokyo")
+        assert local.hour == 9
+        assert local == Timestamp(tstr, tz="Asia/Tokyo")
+        conv = local.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
+        assert conv == Timestamp("2014-01-31 19:00", tz="US/Eastern")
+        assert conv.hour == 19
+
+        # preserves nanosecond
+        ts = Timestamp(tstr) + offsets.Nano(5)
+        local = ts.tz_localize("Asia/Tokyo")
+        assert local.hour == 9
+        assert local.nanosecond == 5
+        conv = local.tz_convert("US/Eastern")
+        assert conv.nanosecond == 5
+        assert conv.hour == 19
+
+    def test_utc_z_designator(self):
+        assert get_timezone(Timestamp("2014-11-02 01:00Z").tzinfo) is timezone.utc
+
+    def test_asm8(self):
+        ns = [Timestamp.min._value, Timestamp.max._value, 1000]
+
+        for n in ns:
+            assert (
+                Timestamp(n).asm8.view("i8") == np.datetime64(n, "ns").view("i8") == n
+            )
+
+        assert Timestamp("nat").asm8.view("i8") == np.datetime64("nat", "ns").view("i8")
+
+    def test_class_ops(self):
+        def compare(x, y):
+            assert int((Timestamp(x)._value - Timestamp(y)._value) / 1e9) == 0
+
+        compare(Timestamp.now(), datetime.now())
+        compare(Timestamp.now("UTC"), datetime.now(pytz.timezone("UTC")))
+        compare(Timestamp.now("UTC"), datetime.now(tzutc()))
+        compare(Timestamp.utcnow(), datetime.now(timezone.utc))
+        compare(Timestamp.today(), datetime.today())
+        current_time = calendar.timegm(datetime.now().utctimetuple())
+
+        ts_utc = Timestamp.utcfromtimestamp(current_time)
+        assert ts_utc.timestamp() == current_time
+        compare(
+            Timestamp.fromtimestamp(current_time), datetime.fromtimestamp(current_time)
+        )
+        compare(
+            # Support tz kwarg in Timestamp.fromtimestamp
+            Timestamp.fromtimestamp(current_time, "UTC"),
+            datetime.fromtimestamp(current_time, utc),
+        )
+        compare(
+            # Support tz kwarg in Timestamp.fromtimestamp
+            Timestamp.fromtimestamp(current_time, tz="UTC"),
+            datetime.fromtimestamp(current_time, utc),
+        )
+
+        date_component = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+        time_component = (date_component + timedelta(minutes=10)).time()
+        compare(
+            Timestamp.combine(date_component, time_component),
+            datetime.combine(date_component, time_component),
+        )
+
+    def test_basics_nanos(self):
+        val = np.int64(946_684_800_000_000_000).view("M8[ns]")
+        stamp = Timestamp(val.view("i8") + 500)
+        assert stamp.year == 2000
+        assert stamp.month == 1
+        assert stamp.microsecond == 0
+        assert stamp.nanosecond == 500
+
+        # GH 14415
+        val = np.iinfo(np.int64).min + 80_000_000_000_000
+        stamp = Timestamp(val)
+        assert stamp.year == 1677
+        assert stamp.month == 9
+        assert stamp.day == 21
+        assert stamp.microsecond == 145224
+        assert stamp.nanosecond == 192
+
+    def test_roundtrip(self):
+        # test value to string and back conversions
+        # further test accessors
+        base = Timestamp("20140101 00:00:00").as_unit("ns")
+
+        result = Timestamp(base._value + Timedelta("5ms")._value)
+        assert result == Timestamp(f"{base}.005000")
+        assert result.microsecond == 5000
+
+        result = Timestamp(base._value + Timedelta("5us")._value)
+        assert result == Timestamp(f"{base}.000005")
+        assert result.microsecond == 5
+
+        result = Timestamp(base._value + Timedelta("5ns")._value)
+        assert result == Timestamp(f"{base}.000000005")
+        assert result.nanosecond == 5
+        assert result.microsecond == 0
+
+        result = Timestamp(base._value + Timedelta("6ms 5us")._value)
+        assert result == Timestamp(f"{base}.006005")
+        assert result.microsecond == 5 + 6 * 1000
+
+        result = Timestamp(base._value + Timedelta("200ms 5us")._value)
+        assert result == Timestamp(f"{base}.200005")
+        assert result.microsecond == 5 + 200 * 1000
+
+    def test_hash_equivalent(self):
+        d = {datetime(2011, 1, 1): 5}
+        stamp = Timestamp(datetime(2011, 1, 1))
+        assert d[stamp] == 5
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "timezone, year, month, day, hour",
+        [["America/Chicago", 2013, 11, 3, 1], ["America/Santiago", 2021, 4, 3, 23]],
+    )
+    def test_hash_timestamp_with_fold(self, timezone, year, month, day, hour):
+        # see gh-33931
+        test_timezone = gettz(timezone)
+        transition_1 = Timestamp(
+            year=year,
+            month=month,
+            day=day,
+            hour=hour,
+            minute=0,
+            fold=0,
+            tzinfo=test_timezone,
+        )
+        transition_2 = Timestamp(
+            year=year,
+            month=month,
+            day=day,
+            hour=hour,
+            minute=0,
+            fold=1,
+            tzinfo=test_timezone,
+        )
+        assert hash(transition_1) == hash(transition_2)
+
+
+class TestTimestampNsOperations:
+    def test_nanosecond_string_parsing(self):
+        ts = Timestamp("2013-05-01 07:15:45.123456789")
+        # GH 7878
+        expected_repr = "2013-05-01 07:15:45.123456789"
+        expected_value = 1_367_392_545_123_456_789
+        assert ts._value == expected_value
+        assert expected_repr in repr(ts)
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2013-05-01 07:15:45.123456789+09:00", tz="Asia/Tokyo")
+        assert ts._value == expected_value - 9 * 3600 * 1_000_000_000
+        assert expected_repr in repr(ts)
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2013-05-01 07:15:45.123456789", tz="UTC")
+        assert ts._value == expected_value
+        assert expected_repr in repr(ts)
+
+        ts = Timestamp("2013-05-01 07:15:45.123456789", tz="US/Eastern")
+        assert ts._value == expected_value + 4 * 3600 * 1_000_000_000
+        assert expected_repr in repr(ts)
+
+        # GH 10041
+        ts = Timestamp("20130501T071545.123456789")
+        assert ts._value == expected_value
+        assert expected_repr in repr(ts)
+
+    def test_nanosecond_timestamp(self):
+        # GH 7610
+        expected = 1_293_840_000_000_000_005
+        t = Timestamp("2011-01-01") + offsets.Nano(5)
+        assert repr(t) == "Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00.000000005')"
+        assert t._value == expected
+        assert t.nanosecond == 5
+
+        t = Timestamp(t)
+        assert repr(t) == "Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00.000000005')"
+        assert t._value == expected
+        assert t.nanosecond == 5
+
+        t = Timestamp("2011-01-01 00:00:00.000000005")
+        assert repr(t) == "Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00.000000005')"
+        assert t._value == expected
+        assert t.nanosecond == 5
+
+        expected = 1_293_840_000_000_000_010
+        t = t + offsets.Nano(5)
+        assert repr(t) == "Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00.000000010')"
+        assert t._value == expected
+        assert t.nanosecond == 10
+
+        t = Timestamp(t)
+        assert repr(t) == "Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00.000000010')"
+        assert t._value == expected
+        assert t.nanosecond == 10
+
+        t = Timestamp("2011-01-01 00:00:00.000000010")
+        assert repr(t) == "Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00.000000010')"
+        assert t._value == expected
+        assert t.nanosecond == 10
+
+
+class TestTimestampConversion:
+    def test_conversion(self):
+        # GH#9255
+        ts = Timestamp("2000-01-01").as_unit("ns")
+
+        result = ts.to_pydatetime()
+        expected = datetime(2000, 1, 1)
+        assert result == expected
+        assert type(result) == type(expected)
+
+        result = ts.to_datetime64()
+        expected = np.datetime64(ts._value, "ns")
+        assert result == expected
+        assert type(result) == type(expected)
+        assert result.dtype == expected.dtype
+
+    def test_to_period_tz_warning(self):
+        # GH#21333 make sure a warning is issued when timezone
+        # info is lost
+        ts = Timestamp("2009-04-15 16:17:18", tz="US/Eastern")
+        with tm.assert_produces_warning(UserWarning):
+            # warning that timezone info will be lost
+            ts.to_period("D")
+
+    def test_to_numpy_alias(self):
+        # GH 24653: alias .to_numpy() for scalars
+        ts = Timestamp(datetime.now())
+        assert ts.to_datetime64() == ts.to_numpy()
+
+        # GH#44460
+        msg = "dtype and copy arguments are ignored"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.to_numpy("M8[s]")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            ts.to_numpy(copy=True)
+
+
+class TestNonNano:
+    @pytest.fixture(params=["s", "ms", "us"])
+    def reso(self, request):
+        return request.param
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def dt64(self, reso):
+        # cases that are in-bounds for nanosecond, so we can compare against
+        #  the existing implementation.
+        return np.datetime64("2016-01-01", reso)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def ts(self, dt64):
+        return Timestamp._from_dt64(dt64)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def ts_tz(self, ts, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = maybe_get_tz(tz_aware_fixture)
+        return Timestamp._from_value_and_reso(ts._value, ts._creso, tz)
+
+    def test_non_nano_construction(self, dt64, ts, reso):
+        assert ts._value == dt64.view("i8")
+
+        if reso == "s":
+            assert ts._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value
+        elif reso == "ms":
+            assert ts._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value
+        elif reso == "us":
+            assert ts._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value
+
+    def test_non_nano_fields(self, dt64, ts):
+        alt = Timestamp(dt64)
+
+        assert ts.year == alt.year
+        assert ts.month == alt.month
+        assert ts.day == alt.day
+        assert ts.hour == ts.minute == ts.second == ts.microsecond == 0
+        assert ts.nanosecond == 0
+
+        assert ts.to_julian_date() == alt.to_julian_date()
+        assert ts.weekday() == alt.weekday()
+        assert ts.isoweekday() == alt.isoweekday()
+
+    def test_start_end_fields(self, ts):
+        assert ts.is_year_start
+        assert ts.is_quarter_start
+        assert ts.is_month_start
+        assert not ts.is_year_end
+        assert not ts.is_month_end
+        assert not ts.is_month_end
+
+        # 2016-01-01 is a Friday, so is year/quarter/month start with this freq
+        assert ts.is_year_start
+        assert ts.is_quarter_start
+        assert ts.is_month_start
+        assert not ts.is_year_end
+        assert not ts.is_month_end
+        assert not ts.is_month_end
+
+    def test_day_name(self, dt64, ts):
+        alt = Timestamp(dt64)
+        assert ts.day_name() == alt.day_name()
+
+    def test_month_name(self, dt64, ts):
+        alt = Timestamp(dt64)
+        assert ts.month_name() == alt.month_name()
+
+    def test_tz_convert(self, ts):
+        ts = Timestamp._from_value_and_reso(ts._value, ts._creso, utc)
+
+        tz = pytz.timezone("US/Pacific")
+        result = ts.tz_convert(tz)
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+        assert result._creso == ts._creso
+        assert tz_compare(result.tz, tz)
+
+    def test_repr(self, dt64, ts):
+        alt = Timestamp(dt64)
+
+        assert str(ts) == str(alt)
+        assert repr(ts) == repr(alt)
+
+    def test_comparison(self, dt64, ts):
+        alt = Timestamp(dt64)
+
+        assert ts == dt64
+        assert dt64 == ts
+        assert ts == alt
+        assert alt == ts
+
+        assert not ts != dt64
+        assert not dt64 != ts
+        assert not ts != alt
+        assert not alt != ts
+
+        assert not ts < dt64
+        assert not dt64 < ts
+        assert not ts < alt
+        assert not alt < ts
+
+        assert not ts > dt64
+        assert not dt64 > ts
+        assert not ts > alt
+        assert not alt > ts
+
+        assert ts >= dt64
+        assert dt64 >= ts
+        assert ts >= alt
+        assert alt >= ts
+
+        assert ts <= dt64
+        assert dt64 <= ts
+        assert ts <= alt
+        assert alt <= ts
+
+    def test_cmp_cross_reso(self):
+        # numpy gets this wrong because of silent overflow
+        dt64 = np.datetime64(9223372800, "s")  # won't fit in M8[ns]
+        ts = Timestamp._from_dt64(dt64)
+
+        # subtracting 3600*24 gives a datetime64 that _can_ fit inside the
+        #  nanosecond implementation bounds.
+        other = Timestamp(dt64 - 3600 * 24).as_unit("ns")
+        assert other < ts
+        assert other.asm8 > ts.asm8  # <- numpy gets this wrong
+        assert ts > other
+        assert ts.asm8 < other.asm8  # <- numpy gets this wrong
+        assert not other == ts
+        assert ts != other
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Dispatches to np.datetime64 which is wrong")
+    def test_cmp_cross_reso_reversed_dt64(self):
+        dt64 = np.datetime64(106752, "D")  # won't fit in M8[ns]
+        ts = Timestamp._from_dt64(dt64)
+        other = Timestamp(dt64 - 1)
+
+        assert other.asm8 < ts
+
+    def test_pickle(self, ts, tz_aware_fixture):
+        tz = tz_aware_fixture
+        tz = maybe_get_tz(tz)
+        ts = Timestamp._from_value_and_reso(ts._value, ts._creso, tz)
+        rt = tm.round_trip_pickle(ts)
+        assert rt._creso == ts._creso
+        assert rt == ts
+
+    def test_normalize(self, dt64, ts):
+        alt = Timestamp(dt64)
+        result = ts.normalize()
+        assert result._creso == ts._creso
+        assert result == alt.normalize()
+
+    def test_asm8(self, dt64, ts):
+        rt = ts.asm8
+        assert rt == dt64
+        assert rt.dtype == dt64.dtype
+
+    def test_to_numpy(self, dt64, ts):
+        res = ts.to_numpy()
+        assert res == dt64
+        assert res.dtype == dt64.dtype
+
+    def test_to_datetime64(self, dt64, ts):
+        res = ts.to_datetime64()
+        assert res == dt64
+        assert res.dtype == dt64.dtype
+
+    def test_timestamp(self, dt64, ts):
+        alt = Timestamp(dt64)
+        assert ts.timestamp() == alt.timestamp()
+
+    def test_to_period(self, dt64, ts):
+        alt = Timestamp(dt64)
+        assert ts.to_period("D") == alt.to_period("D")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "td", [timedelta(days=4), Timedelta(days=4), np.timedelta64(4, "D")]
+    )
+    def test_addsub_timedeltalike_non_nano(self, dt64, ts, td):
+        exp_reso = max(ts._creso, Timedelta(td)._creso)
+
+        result = ts - td
+        expected = Timestamp(dt64) - td
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+        assert result._creso == exp_reso
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = ts + td
+        expected = Timestamp(dt64) + td
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+        assert result._creso == exp_reso
+        assert result == expected
+
+        result = td + ts
+        expected = td + Timestamp(dt64)
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+        assert result._creso == exp_reso
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_addsub_offset(self, ts_tz):
+        # specifically non-Tick offset
+        off = offsets.YearEnd(1)
+        result = ts_tz + off
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+        assert result._creso == ts_tz._creso
+        if ts_tz.month == 12 and ts_tz.day == 31:
+            assert result.year == ts_tz.year + 1
+        else:
+            assert result.year == ts_tz.year
+        assert result.day == 31
+        assert result.month == 12
+        assert tz_compare(result.tz, ts_tz.tz)
+
+        result = ts_tz - off
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+        assert result._creso == ts_tz._creso
+        assert result.year == ts_tz.year - 1
+        assert result.day == 31
+        assert result.month == 12
+        assert tz_compare(result.tz, ts_tz.tz)
+
+    def test_sub_datetimelike_mismatched_reso(self, ts_tz):
+        # case with non-lossy rounding
+        ts = ts_tz
+
+        # choose a unit for `other` that doesn't match ts_tz's;
+        #  this construction ensures we get cases with other._creso < ts._creso
+        #  and cases with other._creso > ts._creso
+        unit = {
+            NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value: "ms",
+            NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value: "s",
+            NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value: "us",
+        }[ts._creso]
+        other = ts.as_unit(unit)
+        assert other._creso != ts._creso
+
+        result = ts - other
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result._value == 0
+        assert result._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+
+        result = other - ts
+        assert isinstance(result, Timedelta)
+        assert result._value == 0
+        assert result._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+
+        if ts._creso < other._creso:
+            # Case where rounding is lossy
+            other2 = other + Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(1, other._creso)
+            exp = ts.as_unit(other.unit) - other2
+
+            res = ts - other2
+            assert res == exp
+            assert res._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+
+            res = other2 - ts
+            assert res == -exp
+            assert res._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+        else:
+            ts2 = ts + Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(1, ts._creso)
+            exp = ts2 - other.as_unit(ts2.unit)
+
+            res = ts2 - other
+            assert res == exp
+            assert res._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+            res = other - ts2
+            assert res == -exp
+            assert res._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+
+    def test_sub_timedeltalike_mismatched_reso(self, ts_tz):
+        # case with non-lossy rounding
+        ts = ts_tz
+
+        # choose a unit for `other` that doesn't match ts_tz's;
+        #  this construction ensures we get cases with other._creso < ts._creso
+        #  and cases with other._creso > ts._creso
+        unit = {
+            NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_us.value: "ms",
+            NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ms.value: "s",
+            NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_s.value: "us",
+        }[ts._creso]
+        other = Timedelta(0).as_unit(unit)
+        assert other._creso != ts._creso
+
+        result = ts + other
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+        assert result == ts
+        assert result._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+
+        result = other + ts
+        assert isinstance(result, Timestamp)
+        assert result == ts
+        assert result._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+
+        if ts._creso < other._creso:
+            # Case where rounding is lossy
+            other2 = other + Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(1, other._creso)
+            exp = ts.as_unit(other.unit) + other2
+            res = ts + other2
+            assert res == exp
+            assert res._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+            res = other2 + ts
+            assert res == exp
+            assert res._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+        else:
+            ts2 = ts + Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(1, ts._creso)
+            exp = ts2 + other.as_unit(ts2.unit)
+
+            res = ts2 + other
+            assert res == exp
+            assert res._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+            res = other + ts2
+            assert res == exp
+            assert res._creso == max(ts._creso, other._creso)
+
+    def test_addition_doesnt_downcast_reso(self):
+        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/48748#pullrequestreview-1122635413
+        ts = Timestamp(year=2022, month=1, day=1, microsecond=999999).as_unit("us")
+        td = Timedelta(microseconds=1).as_unit("us")
+        res = ts + td
+        assert res._creso == ts._creso
+
+    def test_sub_timedelta64_mismatched_reso(self, ts_tz):
+        ts = ts_tz
+
+        res = ts + np.timedelta64(1, "ns")
+        exp = ts.as_unit("ns") + np.timedelta64(1, "ns")
+        assert exp == res
+        assert exp._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ns.value
+
+    def test_min(self, ts):
+        assert ts.min <= ts
+        assert ts.min._creso == ts._creso
+        assert ts.min._value == NaT._value + 1
+
+    def test_max(self, ts):
+        assert ts.max >= ts
+        assert ts.max._creso == ts._creso
+        assert ts.max._value == np.iinfo(np.int64).max
+
+    def test_resolution(self, ts):
+        expected = Timedelta._from_value_and_reso(1, ts._creso)
+        result = ts.resolution
+        assert result == expected
+        assert result._creso == expected._creso
+
+    def test_out_of_ns_bounds(self):
+        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/51060
+        result = Timestamp(-52700112000, unit="s")
+        assert result == Timestamp("0300-01-01")
+        assert result.to_numpy() == np.datetime64("0300-01-01T00:00:00", "s")
+
+
+def test_timestamp_class_min_max_resolution():
+    # when accessed on the class (as opposed to an instance), we default
+    #  to nanoseconds
+    assert Timestamp.min == Timestamp(NaT._value + 1)
+    assert Timestamp.min._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ns.value
+
+    assert Timestamp.max == Timestamp(np.iinfo(np.int64).max)
+    assert Timestamp.max._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ns.value
+
+    assert Timestamp.resolution == Timedelta(1)
+    assert Timestamp.resolution._creso == NpyDatetimeUnit.NPY_FR_ns.value
+
+
+def test_delimited_date():
+    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/50231
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(None):
+        result = Timestamp("13-01-2000")
+    expected = Timestamp(2000, 1, 13)
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+def test_utctimetuple():
+    # GH 32174
+    ts = Timestamp("2000-01-01", tz="UTC")
+    result = ts.utctimetuple()
+    expected = time.struct_time((2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 5, 1, 0))
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+def test_negative_dates():
+    # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/50787
+    ts = Timestamp("-2000-01-01")
+    msg = (
+        " not yet supported on Timestamps which are outside the range of "
+        "Python's standard library. For now, please call the components you need "
+        r"\(such as `.year` and `.month`\) and construct your string from there.$"
+    )
+    func = "^strftime"
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=func + msg):
+        ts.strftime("%Y")
+
+    msg = (
+        " not yet supported on Timestamps which "
+        "are outside the range of Python's standard library. "
+    )
+    func = "^date"
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=func + msg):
+        ts.date()
+    func = "^isocalendar"
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=func + msg):
+        ts.isocalendar()
+    func = "^timetuple"
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=func + msg):
+        ts.timetuple()
+    func = "^toordinal"
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=func + msg):
+        ts.toordinal()
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_timezones.py b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_timezones.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb2a35be907cdca8d6777b708623c50288d6cca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_timezones.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""
+Tests for Timestamp timezone-related methods
+"""
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import timezones
+
+from pandas import Timestamp
+
+
+class TestTimestampTZOperations:
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def test_timestamp_timetz_equivalent_with_datetime_tz(self, tz_naive_fixture):
+        # GH21358
+        tz = timezones.maybe_get_tz(tz_naive_fixture)
+
+        stamp = Timestamp("2018-06-04 10:20:30", tz=tz)
+        _datetime = datetime(2018, 6, 4, hour=10, minute=20, second=30, tzinfo=tz)
+
+        result = stamp.timetz()
+        expected = _datetime.timetz()
+
+        assert result == expected
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/accumulation_queue.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/accumulation_queue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a173f9840388fd955530ea5561cb4953b871fd57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/accumulation_queue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/compute/exec.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace acero {
+namespace util {
+
+using arrow::compute::ExecBatch;
+
+/// \brief A container that accumulates batches until they are ready to
+///        be processed.
+class AccumulationQueue {
+ public:
+  AccumulationQueue() : row_count_(0) {}
+  ~AccumulationQueue() = default;
+
+  // We should never be copying ExecBatch around
+  AccumulationQueue(const AccumulationQueue&) = delete;
+  AccumulationQueue& operator=(const AccumulationQueue&) = delete;
+
+  AccumulationQueue(AccumulationQueue&& that);
+  AccumulationQueue& operator=(AccumulationQueue&& that);
+
+  void Concatenate(AccumulationQueue&& that);
+  void InsertBatch(ExecBatch batch);
+  int64_t row_count() { return row_count_; }
+  size_t batch_count() { return batches_.size(); }
+  bool empty() const { return batches_.empty(); }
+  void Clear();
+  ExecBatch& operator[](size_t i);
+
+ private:
+  int64_t row_count_;
+  std::vector batches_;
+};
+
+/// A queue that sequences incoming batches
+///
+/// This can be used when a node needs to do some kind of ordered processing on
+/// the stream.
+///
+/// Batches can be inserted in any order.  The process_callback will be called on
+/// the batches, in order, without reentrant calls. For this reason the callback
+/// should be quick.
+///
+/// For example, in a top-n node, the process callback should determine how many
+/// rows need to be delivered for the given batch, and then return a task to actually
+/// deliver those rows.
+class SequencingQueue {
+ public:
+  using Task = std::function;
+
+  /// Strategy that describes how to handle items
+  class Processor {
+   public:
+    /// Process the batch, potentially generating a task
+    ///
+    /// This method will be called on each batch in order.  Calls to this method
+    /// will be serialized and it will not be called reentrantly.  This makes it
+    /// safe to do things that rely on order but minimal time should be spent here
+    /// to avoid becoming a bottleneck.
+    ///
+    /// \return a follow-up task that will be scheduled.  The follow-up task(s) are
+    ///         is not guaranteed to run in any particular order.  If nullopt is
+    ///         returned then nothing will be scheduled.
+    virtual Result> Process(ExecBatch batch) = 0;
+    /// Schedule a task
+    virtual void Schedule(Task task) = 0;
+  };
+
+  virtual ~SequencingQueue() = default;
+
+  /// Insert a batch into the queue
+  ///
+  /// This will insert the batch into the queue.  If this batch was the next batch
+  /// to deliver then this will trigger 1+ calls to the process callback to generate
+  /// 1+ tasks.
+  ///
+  /// The task generated by this call will be executed immediately.  The remaining
+  /// tasks will be scheduled using the schedule callback.
+  ///
+  /// From a data pipeline perspective the sequencing queue is a "sometimes" breaker.  If
+  /// a task arrives in order then this call will usually execute the downstream pipeline.
+  /// If this task arrives early then this call will only queue the data.
+  virtual Status InsertBatch(ExecBatch batch) = 0;
+
+  /// Create a queue
+  /// \param processor describes how to process the batches, must outlive the queue
+  static std::unique_ptr Make(Processor* processor);
+};
+
+/// A queue that sequences incoming batches
+///
+/// Unlike SequencingQueue the Process method is not expected to schedule new tasks.
+///
+/// If a batch arrives and another thread is currently processing then the batch
+/// will be queued and control will return.  In other words, delivery of batches will
+/// not block on the Process method.
+///
+/// It can be helpful to think of this as if a dedicated thread is running Process as
+/// batches arrive
+class SerialSequencingQueue {
+ public:
+  /// Strategy that describes how to handle items
+  class Processor {
+   public:
+    virtual ~Processor() = default;
+    /// Process the batch
+    ///
+    /// This method will be called on each batch in order.  Calls to this method
+    /// will be serialized and it will not be called reentrantly.  This makes it
+    /// safe to do things that rely on order.
+    ///
+    /// If this falls behind then data may accumulate
+    ///
+    /// TODO: Could add backpressure if needed but right now all uses of this should
+    ///       be pretty fast and so are unlikely to block.
+    virtual Status Process(ExecBatch batch) = 0;
+  };
+
+  virtual ~SerialSequencingQueue() = default;
+
+  /// Insert a batch into the queue
+  ///
+  /// This will insert the batch into the queue.  If this batch was the next batch
+  /// to deliver then this may trigger calls to the processor which will be run
+  /// as part of this call.
+  virtual Status InsertBatch(ExecBatch batch) = 0;
+
+  /// Create a queue
+  /// \param processor describes how to process the batches, must outlive the queue
+  static std::unique_ptr Make(Processor* processor);
+};
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/aggregate_node.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/aggregate_node.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..790264b2083052c4623e52718f569a65451475d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/aggregate_node.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// This API is EXPERIMENTAL.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/visibility.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/api_aggregate.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/type_fwd.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace acero {
+namespace aggregate {
+
+using compute::Aggregate;
+using compute::default_exec_context;
+using compute::ExecContext;
+
+/// \brief Make the output schema of an aggregate node
+///
+/// The output schema is determined by the aggregation kernels, which may depend on the
+/// ExecContext argument. To guarantee correct results, the same ExecContext argument
+/// should be used in execution.
+///
+/// \param[in] input_schema the schema of the input to the node
+/// \param[in] keys the grouping keys for the aggregation
+/// \param[in] segment_keys the segmenting keys for the aggregation
+/// \param[in] aggregates the aggregates for the aggregation
+/// \param[in] exec_ctx the execution context for the aggregation
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result> MakeOutputSchema(
+    const std::shared_ptr& input_schema, const std::vector& keys,
+    const std::vector& segment_keys, const std::vector& aggregates,
+    ExecContext* exec_ctx = default_exec_context());
+
+}  // namespace aggregate
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/api.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/api.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c9724fd512d0b56dfa3a24647b3885677c92b534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// NOTE: API is EXPERIMENTAL and will change without going through a
+// deprecation cycle
+
+#pragma once
+
+/// \defgroup acero-api Utilities for creating and executing execution plans
+/// @{
+/// @}
+
+/// \defgroup acero-nodes Options classes for the various exec nodes
+/// @{
+/// @}
+
+#include "arrow/acero/exec_plan.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/options.h"
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/asof_join_node.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/asof_join_node.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a0ce8fd386b01ac868bac3d4d026a309e351cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/asof_join_node.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/options.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/visibility.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec.h"
+#include "arrow/type.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace acero {
+namespace asofjoin {
+
+using AsofJoinKeys = AsofJoinNodeOptions::Keys;
+
+/// \brief Make the output schema of an as-of-join node
+///
+/// \param[in] input_schema the schema of each input to the node
+/// \param[in] input_keys the key of each input to the node
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result> MakeOutputSchema(
+    const std::vector>& input_schema,
+    const std::vector& input_keys);
+
+}  // namespace asofjoin
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/backpressure_handler.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/backpressure_handler.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db6c3799354af4badcee8c88a77b0d67799bb906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/backpressure_handler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+#include "arrow/acero/exec_plan.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/options.h"
+
+#include 
+
+namespace arrow::acero {
+
+class BackpressureHandler {
+ private:
+  BackpressureHandler(ExecNode* input, size_t low_threshold, size_t high_threshold,
+                      std::unique_ptr backpressure_control)
+      : input_(input),
+        low_threshold_(low_threshold),
+        high_threshold_(high_threshold),
+        backpressure_control_(std::move(backpressure_control)) {}
+
+ public:
+  static Result Make(
+      ExecNode* input, size_t low_threshold, size_t high_threshold,
+      std::unique_ptr backpressure_control) {
+    if (low_threshold >= high_threshold) {
+      return Status::Invalid("low threshold (", low_threshold,
+                             ") must be less than high threshold (", high_threshold, ")");
+    }
+    if (backpressure_control == NULLPTR) {
+      return Status::Invalid("null backpressure control parameter");
+    }
+    BackpressureHandler backpressure_handler(input, low_threshold, high_threshold,
+                                             std::move(backpressure_control));
+    return backpressure_handler;
+  }
+
+  void Handle(size_t start_level, size_t end_level) {
+    if (start_level < high_threshold_ && end_level >= high_threshold_) {
+      backpressure_control_->Pause();
+    } else if (start_level > low_threshold_ && end_level <= low_threshold_) {
+      backpressure_control_->Resume();
+    }
+  }
+
+  Status ForceShutdown() {
+    // It may be unintuitive to call Resume() here, but this is to avoid a deadlock.
+    // Since acero's executor won't terminate if any one node is paused, we need to
+    // force resume the node before stopping production.
+    backpressure_control_->Resume();
+    return input_->StopProducing();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ExecNode* input_;
+  size_t low_threshold_;
+  size_t high_threshold_;
+  std::unique_ptr backpressure_control_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace arrow::acero
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/benchmark_util.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/benchmark_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ba8553887c03f876b6e08f031f5641170c2e09f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/benchmark_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#include "arrow/acero/exec_plan.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/test_util_internal.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+namespace acero {
+
+Status BenchmarkNodeOverhead(benchmark::State& state, int32_t num_batches,
+                             int32_t batch_size, arrow::acero::BatchesWithSchema data,
+                             std::vector& node_declarations,
+                             arrow::MemoryPool* pool = default_memory_pool());
+
+Status BenchmarkIsolatedNodeOverhead(benchmark::State& state,
+                                     arrow::compute::Expression expr, int32_t num_batches,
+                                     int32_t batch_size,
+                                     arrow::acero::BatchesWithSchema data,
+                                     std::string factory_name,
+                                     arrow::acero::ExecNodeOptions& options,
+                                     arrow::MemoryPool* pool = default_memory_pool());
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/bloom_filter.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/bloom_filter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f9fe171baeb39f5347d112921666ba057cb56b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/bloom_filter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/partition_util.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/util.h"
+#include "arrow/memory_pool.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/util/simd.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace acero {
+
+// A set of pre-generated bit masks from a 64-bit word.
+//
+// It is used to map selected bits of hash to a bit mask that will be used in
+// a Bloom filter.
+//
+// These bit masks need to look random and need to have a similar fractions of
+// bits set in order for a Bloom filter to have a low false positives rate.
+//
+struct ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT BloomFilterMasks {
+  // Generate all masks as a single bit vector. Each bit offset in this bit
+  // vector corresponds to a single mask.
+  // In each consecutive kBitsPerMask bits, there must be between
+  // kMinBitsSet and kMaxBitsSet bits set.
+  //
+  BloomFilterMasks();
+
+  inline uint64_t mask(int bit_offset) {
+#if ARROW_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+    return (arrow::util::SafeLoadAs(masks_ + bit_offset / 8) >>
+            (bit_offset % 8)) &
+           kFullMask;
+#else
+    return (BYTESWAP(arrow::util::SafeLoadAs(masks_ + bit_offset / 8)) >>
+            (bit_offset % 8)) &
+           kFullMask;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Masks are 57 bits long because then they can be accessed at an
+  // arbitrary bit offset using a single unaligned 64-bit load instruction.
+  //
+  static constexpr int kBitsPerMask = 57;
+  static constexpr uint64_t kFullMask = (1ULL << kBitsPerMask) - 1;
+
+  // Minimum and maximum number of bits set in each mask.
+  // This constraint is enforced when generating the bit masks.
+  // Values should be close to each other and chosen as to minimize a Bloom
+  // filter false positives rate.
+  //
+  static constexpr int kMinBitsSet = 4;
+  static constexpr int kMaxBitsSet = 5;
+
+  // Number of generated masks.
+  // Having more masks to choose will improve false positives rate of Bloom
+  // filter but will also use more memory, which may lead to more CPU cache
+  // misses.
+  // The chosen value results in using only a few cache-lines for mask lookups,
+  // while providing a good variety of available bit masks.
+  //
+  static constexpr int kLogNumMasks = 10;
+  static constexpr int kNumMasks = 1 << kLogNumMasks;
+
+  // Data of masks. Masks are stored in a single bit vector. Nth mask is
+  // kBitsPerMask bits starting at bit offset N.
+  //
+  static constexpr int kTotalBytes = (kNumMasks + 64) / 8;
+  uint8_t masks_[kTotalBytes];
+};
+
+// A variant of a blocked Bloom filter implementation.
+// A Bloom filter is a data structure that provides approximate membership test
+// functionality based only on the hash of the key. Membership test may return
+// false positives but not false negatives. Approximation of the result allows
+// in general case (for arbitrary data types of keys) to save on both memory and
+// lookup cost compared to the accurate membership test.
+// The accurate test may sometimes still be cheaper for a specific data types
+// and inputs, e.g. integers from a small range.
+//
+// This blocked Bloom filter is optimized for use in hash joins, to achieve a
+// good balance between the size of the filter, the cost of its building and
+// querying and the rate of false positives.
+//
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT BlockedBloomFilter {
+  friend class BloomFilterBuilder_SingleThreaded;
+  friend class BloomFilterBuilder_Parallel;
+
+ public:
+  BlockedBloomFilter() : log_num_blocks_(0), num_blocks_(0), blocks_(NULLPTR) {}
+
+  inline bool Find(uint64_t hash) const {
+    uint64_t m = mask(hash);
+    uint64_t b = blocks_[block_id(hash)];
+    return (b & m) == m;
+  }
+
+  // Uses SIMD if available for smaller Bloom filters.
+  // Uses memory prefetching for larger Bloom filters.
+  //
+  void Find(int64_t hardware_flags, int64_t num_rows, const uint32_t* hashes,
+            uint8_t* result_bit_vector, bool enable_prefetch = true) const;
+  void Find(int64_t hardware_flags, int64_t num_rows, const uint64_t* hashes,
+            uint8_t* result_bit_vector, bool enable_prefetch = true) const;
+
+  int log_num_blocks() const { return log_num_blocks_; }
+
+  int NumHashBitsUsed() const;
+
+  bool IsSameAs(const BlockedBloomFilter* other) const;
+
+  int64_t NumBitsSet() const;
+
+  // Folding of a block Bloom filter after the initial version
+  // has been built.
+  //
+  // One of the parameters for creation of Bloom filter is the number
+  // of bits allocated for it. The more bits allocated, the lower the
+  // probability of false positives. A good heuristic is to aim for
+  // half of the bits set in the constructed Bloom filter. This should
+  // result in a good trade off between size (and following cost of
+  // memory accesses) and false positives rate.
+  //
+  // There might have been many duplicate keys in the input provided
+  // to Bloom filter builder. In that case the resulting bit vector
+  // would be more sparse then originally intended. It is possible to
+  // easily correct that and cut in half the size of Bloom filter
+  // after it has already been constructed. The process to do that is
+  // approximately equal to OR-ing bits from upper and lower half (the
+  // way we address these bits when inserting or querying a hash makes
+  // such folding in half possible).
+  //
+  // We will keep folding as long as the fraction of bits set is less
+  // than 1/4. The resulting bit vector density should be in the [1/4,
+  // 1/2) range.
+  //
+  void Fold();
+
+ private:
+  Status CreateEmpty(int64_t num_rows_to_insert, MemoryPool* pool);
+
+  inline void Insert(uint64_t hash) {
+    uint64_t m = mask(hash);
+    uint64_t& b = blocks_[block_id(hash)];
+    b |= m;
+  }
+
+  void Insert(int64_t hardware_flags, int64_t num_rows, const uint32_t* hashes);
+  void Insert(int64_t hardware_flags, int64_t num_rows, const uint64_t* hashes);
+
+  inline uint64_t mask(uint64_t hash) const {
+    // The lowest bits of hash are used to pick mask index.
+    //
+    int mask_id = static_cast(hash & (BloomFilterMasks::kNumMasks - 1));
+    uint64_t result = masks_.mask(mask_id);
+
+    // The next set of hash bits is used to pick the amount of bit
+    // rotation of the mask.
+    //
+    int rotation = (hash >> BloomFilterMasks::kLogNumMasks) & 63;
+    result = ROTL64(result, rotation);
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  inline int64_t block_id(uint64_t hash) const {
+    // The next set of hash bits following the bits used to select a
+    // mask is used to pick block id (index of 64-bit word in a bit
+    // vector).
+    //
+    return (hash >> (BloomFilterMasks::kLogNumMasks + 6)) & (num_blocks_ - 1);
+  }
+
+  template 
+  inline void InsertImp(int64_t num_rows, const T* hashes);
+
+  template 
+  inline void FindImp(int64_t num_rows, const T* hashes, uint8_t* result_bit_vector,
+                      bool enable_prefetch) const;
+
+  void SingleFold(int num_folds);
+
+#if defined(ARROW_HAVE_RUNTIME_AVX2)
+  inline __m256i mask_avx2(__m256i hash) const;
+  inline __m256i block_id_avx2(__m256i hash) const;
+  int64_t Insert_avx2(int64_t num_rows, const uint32_t* hashes);
+  int64_t Insert_avx2(int64_t num_rows, const uint64_t* hashes);
+  template 
+  int64_t InsertImp_avx2(int64_t num_rows, const T* hashes);
+  int64_t Find_avx2(int64_t num_rows, const uint32_t* hashes,
+                    uint8_t* result_bit_vector) const;
+  int64_t Find_avx2(int64_t num_rows, const uint64_t* hashes,
+                    uint8_t* result_bit_vector) const;
+  template 
+  int64_t FindImp_avx2(int64_t num_rows, const T* hashes,
+                       uint8_t* result_bit_vector) const;
+#endif
+
+  bool UsePrefetch() const {
+    return num_blocks_ * sizeof(uint64_t) > kPrefetchLimitBytes;
+  }
+
+  static constexpr int64_t kPrefetchLimitBytes = 256 * 1024;
+
+  static BloomFilterMasks masks_;
+
+  // Total number of bits used by block Bloom filter must be a power
+  // of 2.
+  //
+  int log_num_blocks_;
+  int64_t num_blocks_;
+
+  // Buffer allocated to store an array of power of 2 64-bit blocks.
+  //
+  std::shared_ptr buf_;
+  // Pointer to mutable data owned by Buffer
+  //
+  uint64_t* blocks_;
+};
+
+// We have two separate implementations of building a Bloom filter, multi-threaded and
+// single-threaded.
+//
+// Single threaded version is useful in two ways:
+// a) It allows to verify parallel implementation in tests (the single threaded one is
+// simpler and can be used as the source of truth).
+// b) It is preferred for small and medium size Bloom filters, because it skips extra
+// synchronization related steps from parallel variant (partitioning and taking locks).
+//
+enum class BloomFilterBuildStrategy {
+  SINGLE_THREADED = 0,
+  PARALLEL = 1,
+};
+
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT BloomFilterBuilder {
+ public:
+  virtual ~BloomFilterBuilder() = default;
+  virtual Status Begin(size_t num_threads, int64_t hardware_flags, MemoryPool* pool,
+                       int64_t num_rows, int64_t num_batches,
+                       BlockedBloomFilter* build_target) = 0;
+  virtual int64_t num_tasks() const { return 0; }
+  virtual Status PushNextBatch(size_t thread_index, int64_t num_rows,
+                               const uint32_t* hashes) = 0;
+  virtual Status PushNextBatch(size_t thread_index, int64_t num_rows,
+                               const uint64_t* hashes) = 0;
+  virtual void CleanUp() {}
+  static std::unique_ptr Make(BloomFilterBuildStrategy strategy);
+};
+
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT BloomFilterBuilder_SingleThreaded : public BloomFilterBuilder {
+ public:
+  Status Begin(size_t num_threads, int64_t hardware_flags, MemoryPool* pool,
+               int64_t num_rows, int64_t num_batches,
+               BlockedBloomFilter* build_target) override;
+
+  Status PushNextBatch(size_t /*thread_index*/, int64_t num_rows,
+                       const uint32_t* hashes) override;
+
+  Status PushNextBatch(size_t /*thread_index*/, int64_t num_rows,
+                       const uint64_t* hashes) override;
+
+ private:
+  template 
+  void PushNextBatchImp(int64_t num_rows, const T* hashes);
+
+  int64_t hardware_flags_;
+  BlockedBloomFilter* build_target_;
+};
+
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT BloomFilterBuilder_Parallel : public BloomFilterBuilder {
+ public:
+  Status Begin(size_t num_threads, int64_t hardware_flags, MemoryPool* pool,
+               int64_t num_rows, int64_t num_batches,
+               BlockedBloomFilter* build_target) override;
+
+  Status PushNextBatch(size_t thread_id, int64_t num_rows,
+                       const uint32_t* hashes) override;
+
+  Status PushNextBatch(size_t thread_id, int64_t num_rows,
+                       const uint64_t* hashes) override;
+
+  void CleanUp() override;
+
+ private:
+  template 
+  void PushNextBatchImp(size_t thread_id, int64_t num_rows, const T* hashes);
+
+  int64_t hardware_flags_;
+  BlockedBloomFilter* build_target_;
+  int log_num_prtns_;
+  struct ThreadLocalState {
+    std::vector partitioned_hashes_32;
+    std::vector partitioned_hashes_64;
+    std::vector partition_ranges;
+    std::vector unprocessed_partition_ids;
+  };
+  std::vector thread_local_states_;
+  PartitionLocks prtn_locks_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/exec_plan.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/exec_plan.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dba6c64ddc8379f7a8e6aa666f55555ced6c78aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/exec_plan.h
@@ -0,0 +1,819 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/visibility.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/api_vector.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/ordering.h"
+#include "arrow/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/util/future.h"
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/tracing.h"
+#include "arrow/util/type_fwd.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+using compute::ExecBatch;
+using compute::ExecContext;
+using compute::FunctionRegistry;
+using compute::GetFunctionRegistry;
+using compute::Ordering;
+using compute::threaded_exec_context;
+
+namespace acero {
+
+/// \addtogroup acero-internals
+/// @{
+
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT ExecPlan : public std::enable_shared_from_this {
+ public:
+  // This allows operators to rely on signed 16-bit indices
+  static const uint32_t kMaxBatchSize = 1 << 15;
+  using NodeVector = std::vector;
+
+  virtual ~ExecPlan() = default;
+
+  QueryContext* query_context();
+
+  /// \brief retrieve the nodes in the plan
+  const NodeVector& nodes() const;
+
+  /// Make an empty exec plan
+  static Result> Make(
+      QueryOptions options, ExecContext exec_context = *threaded_exec_context(),
+      std::shared_ptr metadata = NULLPTR);
+
+  static Result> Make(
+      ExecContext exec_context = *threaded_exec_context(),
+      std::shared_ptr metadata = NULLPTR);
+
+  static Result> Make(
+      QueryOptions options, ExecContext* exec_context,
+      std::shared_ptr metadata = NULLPTR);
+
+  static Result> Make(
+      ExecContext* exec_context,
+      std::shared_ptr metadata = NULLPTR);
+
+  ExecNode* AddNode(std::unique_ptr node);
+
+  template 
+  Node* EmplaceNode(Args&&... args) {
+    std::unique_ptr node{new Node{std::forward(args)...}};
+    auto out = node.get();
+    AddNode(std::move(node));
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  Status Validate();
+
+  /// \brief Start producing on all nodes
+  ///
+  /// Nodes are started in reverse topological order, such that any node
+  /// is started before all of its inputs.
+  void StartProducing();
+
+  /// \brief Stop producing on all nodes
+  ///
+  /// Triggers all sources to stop producing new data.  In order to cleanly stop the plan
+  /// will continue to run any tasks that are already in progress.  The caller should
+  /// still wait for `finished` to complete before destroying the plan.
+  void StopProducing();
+
+  /// \brief A future which will be marked finished when all tasks have finished.
+  Future<> finished();
+
+  /// \brief Return whether the plan has non-empty metadata
+  bool HasMetadata() const;
+
+  /// \brief Return the plan's attached metadata
+  std::shared_ptr metadata() const;
+
+  std::string ToString() const;
+};
+
+// Acero can be extended by providing custom implementations of ExecNode.  The methods
+// below are documented in detail and provide careful instruction on how to fulfill the
+// ExecNode contract.  It's suggested you familiarize yourself with the Acero
+// documentation in the C++ user guide.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT ExecNode {
+ public:
+  using NodeVector = std::vector;
+
+  virtual ~ExecNode() = default;
+
+  virtual const char* kind_name() const = 0;
+
+  // The number of inputs expected by this node
+  int num_inputs() const { return static_cast(inputs_.size()); }
+
+  /// This node's predecessors in the exec plan
+  const NodeVector& inputs() const { return inputs_; }
+
+  /// True if the plan has no output schema (is a sink)
+  bool is_sink() const { return !output_schema_; }
+
+  /// \brief Labels identifying the function of each input.
+  const std::vector& input_labels() const { return input_labels_; }
+
+  /// This node's successor in the exec plan
+  const ExecNode* output() const { return output_; }
+
+  /// The datatypes for batches produced by this node
+  const std::shared_ptr& output_schema() const { return output_schema_; }
+
+  /// This node's exec plan
+  ExecPlan* plan() { return plan_; }
+
+  /// \brief An optional label, for display and debugging
+  ///
+  /// There is no guarantee that this value is non-empty or unique.
+  const std::string& label() const { return label_; }
+  void SetLabel(std::string label) { label_ = std::move(label); }
+
+  virtual Status Validate() const;
+
+  /// \brief the ordering of the output batches
+  ///
+  /// This does not guarantee the batches will be emitted by this node
+  /// in order.  Instead it guarantees that the batches will have their
+  /// ExecBatch::index property set in a way that respects this ordering.
+  ///
+  /// In other words, given the ordering {{"x", SortOrder::Ascending}} we
+  /// know that all values of x in a batch with index N will be less than
+  /// or equal to all values of x in a batch with index N+k (assuming k > 0).
+  /// Furthermore, we also know that values will be sorted within a batch.
+  /// Any row N will have a value of x that is less than the value for
+  /// any row N+k.
+  ///
+  /// Note that an ordering can be both Ordering::Unordered and Ordering::Implicit.
+  /// A node's output should be marked Ordering::Unordered if the order is
+  /// non-deterministic.  For example, a hash-join has no predictable output order.
+  ///
+  /// If the ordering is Ordering::Implicit then there is a meaningful order but that
+  /// ordering is not represented by any column in the data.  The most common case for
+  /// this is when reading data from an in-memory table.  The data has an implicit "row
+  /// order" which is not necessarily represented in the data set.
+  ///
+  /// A filter or project node will not modify the ordering.  Nothing needs to be done
+  /// other than ensure the index assigned to output batches is the same as the
+  /// input batch that was mapped.
+  ///
+  /// Other nodes may introduce order.  For example, an order-by node will emit
+  /// a brand new ordering independent of the input ordering.
+  ///
+  /// Finally, as described above, such as a hash-join or aggregation may may
+  /// destroy ordering (although these nodes could also choose to establish a
+  /// new ordering based on the hash keys).
+  ///
+  /// Some nodes will require an ordering.  For example, a fetch node or an
+  /// asof join node will only function if the input data is ordered (for fetch
+  /// it is enough to be implicitly ordered.  For an asof join the ordering must
+  /// be explicit and compatible with the on key.)
+  ///
+  /// Nodes that maintain ordering should be careful to avoid introducing gaps
+  /// in the batch index.  This may require emitting empty batches in order to
+  /// maintain continuity.
+  virtual const Ordering& ordering() const;
+
+  /// Upstream API:
+  /// These functions are called by input nodes that want to inform this node
+  /// about an updated condition (a new input batch or an impending
+  /// end of stream).
+  ///
+  /// Implementation rules:
+  /// - these may be called anytime after StartProducing() has succeeded
+  ///   (and even during or after StopProducing())
+  /// - these may be called concurrently
+  /// - these are allowed to call back into PauseProducing(), ResumeProducing()
+  ///   and StopProducing()
+
+  /// Transfer input batch to ExecNode
+  ///
+  /// A node will typically perform some kind of operation on the batch
+  /// and then call InputReceived on its outputs with the result.
+  ///
+  /// Other nodes may need to accumulate some number of inputs before any
+  /// output can be produced.  These nodes will add the batch to some kind
+  /// of in-memory accumulation queue and return.
+  virtual Status InputReceived(ExecNode* input, ExecBatch batch) = 0;
+
+  /// Mark the inputs finished after the given number of batches.
+  ///
+  /// This may be called before all inputs are received.  This simply fixes
+  /// the total number of incoming batches for an input, so that the ExecNode
+  /// knows when it has received all input, regardless of order.
+  virtual Status InputFinished(ExecNode* input, int total_batches) = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Perform any needed initialization
+  ///
+  /// This hook performs any actions in between creation of ExecPlan and the call to
+  /// StartProducing. An example could be Bloom filter pushdown. The order of ExecNodes
+  /// that executes this method is undefined, but the calls are made synchronously.
+  ///
+  /// At this point a node can rely on all inputs & outputs (and the input schemas)
+  /// being well defined.
+  virtual Status Init();
+
+  /// Lifecycle API:
+  /// - start / stop to initiate and terminate production
+  /// - pause / resume to apply backpressure
+  ///
+  /// Implementation rules:
+  /// - StartProducing() should not recurse into the inputs, as it is
+  ///   handled by ExecPlan::StartProducing()
+  /// - PauseProducing(), ResumeProducing(), StopProducing() may be called
+  ///   concurrently, potentially even before the call to StartProducing
+  ///   has finished.
+  /// - PauseProducing(), ResumeProducing(), StopProducing() may be called
+  ///   by the downstream nodes' InputReceived(), InputFinished() methods
+  ///
+  /// StopProducing may be called due to an error, by the user (e.g. cancel), or
+  /// because a node has all the data it needs (e.g. limit, top-k on sorted data).
+  /// This means the method may be called multiple times and we have the following
+  /// additional rules
+  /// - StopProducing() must be idempotent
+  /// - StopProducing() must be forwarded to inputs (this is needed for the limit/top-k
+  ///     case because we may not be stopping the entire plan)
+
+  // Right now, since synchronous calls happen in both directions (input to
+  // output and then output to input), a node must be careful to be reentrant
+  // against synchronous calls from its output, *and* also concurrent calls from
+  // other threads.  The most reliable solution is to update the internal state
+  // first, and notify outputs only at the end.
+  //
+  // Concurrent calls to PauseProducing and ResumeProducing can be hard to sequence
+  // as they may travel at different speeds through the plan.
+  //
+  // For example, consider a resume that comes quickly after a pause.  If the source
+  // receives the resume before the pause the source may think the destination is full
+  // and halt production which would lead to deadlock.
+  //
+  // To resolve this a counter is sent for all calls to pause/resume.  Only the call with
+  // the highest counter value is valid.  So if a call to PauseProducing(5) comes after
+  // a call to ResumeProducing(6) then the source should continue producing.
+
+  /// \brief Start producing
+  ///
+  /// This must only be called once.
+  ///
+  /// This is typically called automatically by ExecPlan::StartProducing().
+  virtual Status StartProducing() = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Pause producing temporarily
+  ///
+  /// \param output Pointer to the output that is full
+  /// \param counter Counter used to sequence calls to pause/resume
+  ///
+  /// This call is a hint that an output node is currently not willing
+  /// to receive data.
+  ///
+  /// This may be called any number of times.
+  /// However, the node is still free to produce data (which may be difficult
+  /// to prevent anyway if data is produced using multiple threads).
+  virtual void PauseProducing(ExecNode* output, int32_t counter) = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Resume producing after a temporary pause
+  ///
+  /// \param output Pointer to the output that is now free
+  /// \param counter Counter used to sequence calls to pause/resume
+  ///
+  /// This call is a hint that an output node is willing to receive data again.
+  ///
+  /// This may be called any number of times.
+  virtual void ResumeProducing(ExecNode* output, int32_t counter) = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Stop producing new data
+  ///
+  /// If this node is a source then the source should stop generating data
+  /// as quickly as possible.  If this node is not a source then there is typically
+  /// nothing that needs to be done although a node may choose to start ignoring incoming
+  /// data.
+  ///
+  /// This method will be called when an error occurs in the plan
+  /// This method may also be called by the user if they wish to end a plan early
+  /// Finally, this method may be called if a node determines it no longer needs any more
+  /// input (for example, a limit node).
+  ///
+  /// This method may be called multiple times.
+  ///
+  /// This is not a pause.  There will be no way to start the source again after this has
+  /// been called.
+  virtual Status StopProducing();
+
+  std::string ToString(int indent = 0) const;
+
+ protected:
+  ExecNode(ExecPlan* plan, NodeVector inputs, std::vector input_labels,
+           std::shared_ptr output_schema);
+
+  virtual Status StopProducingImpl() = 0;
+
+  /// Provide extra info to include in the string representation.
+  virtual std::string ToStringExtra(int indent = 0) const;
+
+  std::atomic stopped_;
+  ExecPlan* plan_;
+  std::string label_;
+
+  NodeVector inputs_;
+  std::vector input_labels_;
+
+  std::shared_ptr output_schema_;
+  ExecNode* output_ = NULLPTR;
+};
+
+/// \brief An extensible registry for factories of ExecNodes
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT ExecFactoryRegistry {
+ public:
+  using Factory = std::function(ExecPlan*, std::vector,
+                                                  const ExecNodeOptions&)>;
+
+  virtual ~ExecFactoryRegistry() = default;
+
+  /// \brief Get the named factory from this registry
+  ///
+  /// will raise if factory_name is not found
+  virtual Result GetFactory(const std::string& factory_name) = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Add a factory to this registry with the provided name
+  ///
+  /// will raise if factory_name is already in the registry
+  virtual Status AddFactory(std::string factory_name, Factory factory) = 0;
+};
+
+/// The default registry, which includes built-in factories.
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT
+ExecFactoryRegistry* default_exec_factory_registry();
+
+/// \brief Construct an ExecNode using the named factory
+inline Result MakeExecNode(
+    const std::string& factory_name, ExecPlan* plan, std::vector inputs,
+    const ExecNodeOptions& options,
+    ExecFactoryRegistry* registry = default_exec_factory_registry()) {
+  ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto factory, registry->GetFactory(factory_name));
+  return factory(plan, std::move(inputs), options);
+}
+
+/// @}
+
+/// \addtogroup acero-api
+/// @{
+
+/// \brief Helper class for declaring execution nodes
+///
+/// A Declaration represents an unconstructed ExecNode (and potentially an entire graph
+/// since its inputs may also be Declarations)
+///
+/// A Declaration can be converted to a plan and executed using one of the
+/// DeclarationToXyz methods.
+///
+/// For more direct control, a Declaration can be added to an existing execution
+/// plan with Declaration::AddToPlan, which will recursively construct any inputs as
+/// necessary.
+struct ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Declaration {
+  using Input = std::variant;
+
+  Declaration() {}
+
+  /// \brief construct a declaration
+  /// \param factory_name the name of the exec node to construct.  The node must have
+  ///                     been added to the exec node registry with this name.
+  /// \param inputs the inputs to the node, these should be other declarations
+  /// \param options options that control the behavior of the node.  You must use
+  ///                the appropriate subclass.  For example, if `factory_name` is
+  ///                "project" then `options` should be ProjectNodeOptions.
+  /// \param label a label to give the node.  Can be used to distinguish it from other
+  ///              nodes of the same type in the plan.
+  Declaration(std::string factory_name, std::vector inputs,
+              std::shared_ptr options, std::string label)
+      : factory_name{std::move(factory_name)},
+        inputs{std::move(inputs)},
+        options{std::move(options)},
+        label{std::move(label)} {}
+
+  template 
+  Declaration(std::string factory_name, std::vector inputs, Options options,
+              std::string label)
+      : Declaration{std::move(factory_name), std::move(inputs),
+                    std::shared_ptr(
+                        std::make_shared(std::move(options))),
+                    std::move(label)} {}
+
+  template 
+  Declaration(std::string factory_name, std::vector inputs, Options options)
+      : Declaration{std::move(factory_name), std::move(inputs), std::move(options),
+                    /*label=*/""} {}
+
+  template 
+  Declaration(std::string factory_name, Options options)
+      : Declaration{std::move(factory_name), {}, std::move(options), /*label=*/""} {}
+
+  template 
+  Declaration(std::string factory_name, Options options, std::string label)
+      : Declaration{std::move(factory_name), {}, std::move(options), std::move(label)} {}
+
+  /// \brief Convenience factory for the common case of a simple sequence of nodes.
+  ///
+  /// Each of decls will be appended to the inputs of the subsequent declaration,
+  /// and the final modified declaration will be returned.
+  ///
+  /// Without this convenience factory, constructing a sequence would require explicit,
+  /// difficult-to-read nesting:
+  ///
+  ///     Declaration{"n3",
+  ///                   {
+  ///                       Declaration{"n2",
+  ///                                   {
+  ///                                       Declaration{"n1",
+  ///                                                   {
+  ///                                                       Declaration{"n0", N0Opts{}},
+  ///                                                   },
+  ///                                                   N1Opts{}},
+  ///                                   },
+  ///                                   N2Opts{}},
+  ///                   },
+  ///                   N3Opts{}};
+  ///
+  /// An equivalent Declaration can be constructed more tersely using Sequence:
+  ///
+  ///     Declaration::Sequence({
+  ///         {"n0", N0Opts{}},
+  ///         {"n1", N1Opts{}},
+  ///         {"n2", N2Opts{}},
+  ///         {"n3", N3Opts{}},
+  ///     });
+  static Declaration Sequence(std::vector decls);
+
+  /// \brief add the declaration to an already created execution plan
+  /// \param plan the plan to add the node to
+  /// \param registry the registry to use to lookup the node factory
+  ///
+  /// This method will recursively call AddToPlan on all of the declaration's inputs.
+  /// This method is only for advanced use when the DeclarationToXyz methods are not
+  /// sufficient.
+  ///
+  /// \return the instantiated execution node
+  Result AddToPlan(ExecPlan* plan, ExecFactoryRegistry* registry =
+                                                  default_exec_factory_registry()) const;
+
+  // Validate a declaration
+  bool IsValid(ExecFactoryRegistry* registry = default_exec_factory_registry()) const;
+
+  /// \brief the name of the factory to use when creating a node
+  std::string factory_name;
+  /// \brief the declarations's inputs
+  std::vector inputs;
+  /// \brief options to control the behavior of the node
+  std::shared_ptr options;
+  /// \brief a label to give the node in the plan
+  std::string label;
+};
+
+/// \brief How to handle unaligned buffers
+enum class UnalignedBufferHandling { kWarn, kIgnore, kReallocate, kError };
+
+/// \brief get the default behavior of unaligned buffer handling
+///
+/// This is configurable via the ACERO_ALIGNMENT_HANDLING environment variable which
+/// can be set to "warn", "ignore", "reallocate", or "error".  If the environment
+/// variable is not set, or is set to an invalid value, this will return kWarn
+UnalignedBufferHandling GetDefaultUnalignedBufferHandling();
+
+/// \brief plan-wide options that can be specified when executing an execution plan
+struct ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT QueryOptions {
+  /// \brief Should the plan use a legacy batching strategy
+  ///
+  /// This is currently in place only to support the Scanner::ToTable
+  /// method.  This method relies on batch indices from the scanner
+  /// remaining consistent.  This is impractical in the ExecPlan which
+  /// might slice batches as needed (e.g. for a join)
+  ///
+  /// However, it still works for simple plans and this is the only way
+  /// we have at the moment for maintaining implicit order.
+  bool use_legacy_batching = false;
+
+  /// If the output has a meaningful order then sequence the output of the plan
+  ///
+  /// The default behavior (std::nullopt) will sequence output batches if there
+  /// is a meaningful ordering in the final node and will emit batches immediately
+  /// otherwise.
+  ///
+  /// If explicitly set to true then plan execution will fail if there is no
+  /// meaningful ordering.  This can be useful to validate a query that should
+  /// be emitting ordered results.
+  ///
+  /// If explicitly set to false then batches will be emit immediately even if there
+  /// is a meaningful ordering.  This could cause batches to be emit out of order but
+  /// may offer a small decrease to latency.
+  std::optional sequence_output = std::nullopt;
+
+  /// \brief should the plan use multiple background threads for CPU-intensive work
+  ///
+  /// If this is false then all CPU work will be done on the calling thread.  I/O tasks
+  /// will still happen on the I/O executor and may be multi-threaded (but should not use
+  /// significant CPU resources).
+  ///
+  /// Will be ignored if custom_cpu_executor is set
+  bool use_threads = true;
+
+  /// \brief custom executor to use for CPU-intensive work
+  ///
+  /// Must be null or remain valid for the duration of the plan.  If this is null then
+  /// a default thread pool will be chosen whose behavior will be controlled by
+  /// the `use_threads` option.
+  ::arrow::internal::Executor* custom_cpu_executor = NULLPTR;
+
+  /// \brief custom executor to use for IO work
+  ///
+  /// Must be null or remain valid for the duration of the plan.  If this is null then
+  /// the global io thread pool will be chosen whose behavior will be controlled by
+  /// the "ARROW_IO_THREADS" environment.
+  ::arrow::internal::Executor* custom_io_executor = NULLPTR;
+
+  /// \brief a memory pool to use for allocations
+  ///
+  /// Must remain valid for the duration of the plan.
+  MemoryPool* memory_pool = default_memory_pool();
+
+  /// \brief a function registry to use for the plan
+  ///
+  /// Must remain valid for the duration of the plan.
+  FunctionRegistry* function_registry = GetFunctionRegistry();
+  /// \brief the names of the output columns
+  ///
+  /// If this is empty then names will be generated based on the input columns
+  ///
+  /// If set then the number of names must equal the number of output columns
+  std::vector field_names;
+
+  /// \brief Policy for unaligned buffers in source data
+  ///
+  /// Various compute functions and acero internals will type pun array
+  /// buffers from uint8_t* to some kind of value type (e.g. we might
+  /// cast to int32_t* to add two int32 arrays)
+  ///
+  /// If the buffer is poorly aligned (e.g. an int32 array is not aligned
+  /// on a 4-byte boundary) then this is technically undefined behavior in C++.
+  /// However, most modern compilers and CPUs are fairly tolerant of this
+  /// behavior and nothing bad (beyond a small hit to performance) is likely
+  /// to happen.
+  ///
+  /// Note that this only applies to source buffers.  All buffers allocated internally
+  /// by Acero will be suitably aligned.
+  ///
+  /// If this field is set to kWarn then Acero will check if any buffers are unaligned
+  /// and, if they are, will emit a warning.
+  ///
+  /// If this field is set to kReallocate then Acero will allocate a new, suitably aligned
+  /// buffer and copy the contents from the old buffer into this new buffer.
+  ///
+  /// If this field is set to kError then Acero will gracefully abort the plan instead.
+  ///
+  /// If this field is set to kIgnore then Acero will not even check if the buffers are
+  /// unaligned.
+  ///
+  /// If this field is not set then it will be treated as kWarn unless overridden
+  /// by the ACERO_ALIGNMENT_HANDLING environment variable
+  std::optional unaligned_buffer_handling;
+};
+
+/// \brief Calculate the output schema of a declaration
+///
+/// This does not actually execute the plan.  This operation may fail if the
+/// declaration represents an invalid plan (e.g. a project node with multiple inputs)
+///
+/// \param declaration A declaration describing an execution plan
+/// \param function_registry The function registry to use for function execution.  If null
+///                          then the default function registry will be used.
+///
+/// \return the schema that batches would have after going through the execution plan
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result> DeclarationToSchema(
+    const Declaration& declaration, FunctionRegistry* function_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Create a string representation of a plan
+///
+/// This representation is for debug purposes only.
+///
+/// Conversion to a string may fail if the declaration represents an
+/// invalid plan.
+///
+/// Use Substrait for complete serialization of plans
+///
+/// \param declaration A declaration describing an execution plan
+/// \param function_registry The function registry to use for function execution.  If null
+///                          then the default function registry will be used.
+///
+/// \return a string representation of the plan suitable for debugging output
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result DeclarationToString(
+    const Declaration& declaration, FunctionRegistry* function_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Utility method to run a declaration and collect the results into a table
+///
+/// \param declaration A declaration describing the plan to run
+/// \param use_threads If `use_threads` is false then all CPU work will be done on the
+///                    calling thread.  I/O tasks will still happen on the I/O executor
+///                    and may be multi-threaded (but should not use significant CPU
+///                    resources).
+/// \param memory_pool The memory pool to use for allocations made while running the plan.
+/// \param function_registry The function registry to use for function execution.  If null
+///                          then the default function registry will be used.
+///
+/// This method will add a sink node to the declaration to collect results into a
+/// table.  It will then create an ExecPlan from the declaration, start the exec plan,
+/// block until the plan has finished, and return the created table.
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result> DeclarationToTable(
+    Declaration declaration, bool use_threads = true,
+    MemoryPool* memory_pool = default_memory_pool(),
+    FunctionRegistry* function_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result> DeclarationToTable(
+    Declaration declaration, QueryOptions query_options);
+
+/// \brief Asynchronous version of \see DeclarationToTable
+///
+/// \param declaration A declaration describing the plan to run
+/// \param use_threads The behavior of use_threads is slightly different than the
+///                    synchronous version since we cannot run synchronously on the
+///                    calling thread. Instead, if use_threads=false then a new thread
+///                    pool will be created with a single thread and this will be used for
+///                    all compute work.
+/// \param memory_pool The memory pool to use for allocations made while running the plan.
+/// \param function_registry The function registry to use for function execution. If null
+///                          then the default function registry will be used.
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Future> DeclarationToTableAsync(
+    Declaration declaration, bool use_threads = true,
+    MemoryPool* memory_pool = default_memory_pool(),
+    FunctionRegistry* function_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Overload of \see DeclarationToTableAsync accepting a custom exec context
+///
+/// The executor must be specified (cannot be null) and must be kept alive until the
+/// returned future finishes.
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Future> DeclarationToTableAsync(
+    Declaration declaration, ExecContext custom_exec_context);
+
+/// \brief a collection of exec batches with a common schema
+struct BatchesWithCommonSchema {
+  std::vector batches;
+  std::shared_ptr schema;
+};
+
+/// \brief Utility method to run a declaration and collect the results into ExecBatch
+/// vector
+///
+/// \see DeclarationToTable for details on threading & execution
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result DeclarationToExecBatches(
+    Declaration declaration, bool use_threads = true,
+    MemoryPool* memory_pool = default_memory_pool(),
+    FunctionRegistry* function_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result DeclarationToExecBatches(
+    Declaration declaration, QueryOptions query_options);
+
+/// \brief Asynchronous version of \see DeclarationToExecBatches
+///
+/// \see DeclarationToTableAsync for details on threading & execution
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Future DeclarationToExecBatchesAsync(
+    Declaration declaration, bool use_threads = true,
+    MemoryPool* memory_pool = default_memory_pool(),
+    FunctionRegistry* function_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Overload of \see DeclarationToExecBatchesAsync accepting a custom exec context
+///
+/// \see DeclarationToTableAsync for details on threading & execution
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Future DeclarationToExecBatchesAsync(
+    Declaration declaration, ExecContext custom_exec_context);
+
+/// \brief Utility method to run a declaration and collect the results into a vector
+///
+/// \see DeclarationToTable for details on threading & execution
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result>> DeclarationToBatches(
+    Declaration declaration, bool use_threads = true,
+    MemoryPool* memory_pool = default_memory_pool(),
+    FunctionRegistry* function_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result>> DeclarationToBatches(
+    Declaration declaration, QueryOptions query_options);
+
+/// \brief Asynchronous version of \see DeclarationToBatches
+///
+/// \see DeclarationToTableAsync for details on threading & execution
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Future>>
+DeclarationToBatchesAsync(Declaration declaration, bool use_threads = true,
+                          MemoryPool* memory_pool = default_memory_pool(),
+                          FunctionRegistry* function_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Overload of \see DeclarationToBatchesAsync accepting a custom exec context
+///
+/// \see DeclarationToTableAsync for details on threading & execution
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Future>>
+DeclarationToBatchesAsync(Declaration declaration, ExecContext exec_context);
+
+/// \brief Utility method to run a declaration and return results as a RecordBatchReader
+///
+/// If an exec context is not provided then a default exec context will be used based
+/// on the value of `use_threads`.  If `use_threads` is false then the CPU executor will
+/// be a serial executor and all CPU work will be done on the calling thread.  I/O tasks
+/// will still happen on the I/O executor and may be multi-threaded.
+///
+/// If `use_threads` is false then all CPU work will happen during the calls to
+/// RecordBatchReader::Next and no CPU work will happen in the background.  If
+/// `use_threads` is true then CPU work will happen on the CPU thread pool and tasks may
+/// run in between calls to RecordBatchReader::Next.  If the returned reader is not
+/// consumed quickly enough then the plan will eventually pause as the backpressure queue
+/// fills up.
+///
+/// If a custom exec context is provided then the value of `use_threads` will be ignored.
+///
+/// The returned RecordBatchReader can be closed early to cancel the computation of record
+/// batches. In this case, only errors encountered by the computation may be reported. In
+/// particular, no cancellation error may be reported.
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result> DeclarationToReader(
+    Declaration declaration, bool use_threads = true,
+    MemoryPool* memory_pool = default_memory_pool(),
+    FunctionRegistry* function_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Result> DeclarationToReader(
+    Declaration declaration, QueryOptions query_options);
+
+/// \brief Utility method to run a declaration and ignore results
+///
+/// This can be useful when the data are consumed as part of the plan itself, for
+/// example, when the plan ends with a write node.
+///
+/// \see DeclarationToTable for details on threading & execution
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Status
+DeclarationToStatus(Declaration declaration, bool use_threads = true,
+                    MemoryPool* memory_pool = default_memory_pool(),
+                    FunctionRegistry* function_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Status DeclarationToStatus(Declaration declaration,
+                                              QueryOptions query_options);
+
+/// \brief Asynchronous version of \see DeclarationToStatus
+///
+/// This can be useful when the data are consumed as part of the plan itself, for
+/// example, when the plan ends with a write node.
+///
+/// \see DeclarationToTableAsync for details on threading & execution
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Future<> DeclarationToStatusAsync(
+    Declaration declaration, bool use_threads = true,
+    MemoryPool* memory_pool = default_memory_pool(),
+    FunctionRegistry* function_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Overload of \see DeclarationToStatusAsync accepting a custom exec context
+///
+/// \see DeclarationToTableAsync for details on threading & execution
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT Future<> DeclarationToStatusAsync(Declaration declaration,
+                                                     ExecContext exec_context);
+
+/// @}
+
+/// \brief Wrap an ExecBatch generator in a RecordBatchReader.
+///
+/// The RecordBatchReader does not impose any ordering on emitted batches.
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT
+std::shared_ptr MakeGeneratorReader(
+    std::shared_ptr, std::function>()>,
+    MemoryPool*);
+
+constexpr int kDefaultBackgroundMaxQ = 32;
+constexpr int kDefaultBackgroundQRestart = 16;
+
+/// \brief Make a generator of RecordBatchReaders
+///
+/// Useful as a source node for an Exec plan
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT
+Result>()>> MakeReaderGenerator(
+    std::shared_ptr reader, arrow::internal::Executor* io_executor,
+    int max_q = kDefaultBackgroundMaxQ, int q_restart = kDefaultBackgroundQRestart);
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/hash_join.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/hash_join.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a81ff274e5e3a46bab8fe7a12902a1c6c62c0bbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/hash_join.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/accumulation_queue.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/bloom_filter.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/options.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/query_context.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/schema_util.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/task_util.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/type.h"
+#include "arrow/util/tracing.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace acero {
+
+using util::AccumulationQueue;
+
+class HashJoinImpl {
+ public:
+  using OutputBatchCallback = std::function;
+  using BuildFinishedCallback = std::function;
+  using FinishedCallback = std::function;
+  using RegisterTaskGroupCallback = std::function, std::function)>;
+  using StartTaskGroupCallback = std::function;
+  using AbortContinuationImpl = std::function;
+
+  virtual ~HashJoinImpl() = default;
+  virtual Status Init(QueryContext* ctx, JoinType join_type, size_t num_threads,
+                      const HashJoinProjectionMaps* proj_map_left,
+                      const HashJoinProjectionMaps* proj_map_right,
+                      std::vector key_cmp, Expression filter,
+                      RegisterTaskGroupCallback register_task_group_callback,
+                      StartTaskGroupCallback start_task_group_callback,
+                      OutputBatchCallback output_batch_callback,
+                      FinishedCallback finished_callback) = 0;
+
+  virtual Status BuildHashTable(size_t thread_index, AccumulationQueue batches,
+                                BuildFinishedCallback on_finished) = 0;
+  virtual Status ProbeSingleBatch(size_t thread_index, ExecBatch batch) = 0;
+  virtual Status ProbingFinished(size_t thread_index) = 0;
+  virtual void Abort(TaskScheduler::AbortContinuationImpl pos_abort_callback) = 0;
+  virtual std::string ToString() const = 0;
+
+  static Result> MakeBasic();
+  static Result> MakeSwiss();
+
+ protected:
+  arrow::util::tracing::Span span_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/hash_join_dict.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/hash_join_dict.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..02454a7146278176e27379e6033f79547574a367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/hash_join_dict.h
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/schema_util.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/row/row_encoder_internal.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/type.h"
+
+// This file contains hash join logic related to handling of dictionary encoded key
+// columns.
+//
+// A key column from probe side of the join can be matched against a key column from build
+// side of the join, as long as the underlying value types are equal. That means that:
+// - both scalars and arrays can be used and even mixed in the same column
+// - dictionary column can be matched against non-dictionary column if underlying value
+// types are equal
+// - dictionary column can be matched against dictionary column with a different index
+// type, and potentially using a different dictionary, if underlying value types are equal
+//
+// We currently require in hash join that for all dictionary encoded columns, the same
+// dictionary is used in all input exec batches.
+//
+// In order to allow matching columns with different dictionaries, different dictionary
+// index types, and dictionary key against non-dictionary key, internally comparisons will
+// be evaluated after remapping values on both sides of the join to a common
+// representation (which will be called "unified representation"). This common
+// representation is a column of int32() type (not a dictionary column). It represents an
+// index in the unified dictionary computed for the (only) dictionary present on build
+// side (an empty dictionary is still created for an empty build side). Null value is
+// always represented in this common representation as null int32 value, unified
+// dictionary will never contain a null value (so there is no ambiguity of representing
+// nulls as either index to a null entry in the dictionary or null index).
+//
+// Unified dictionary represents values present on build side. There may be values on
+// probe side that are not present in it. All such values, that are not null, are mapped
+// in the common representation to a special constant kMissingValueId.
+//
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+using compute::ExecBatch;
+using compute::ExecContext;
+using compute::internal::RowEncoder;
+
+namespace acero {
+
+/// Helper class with operations that are stateless and common to processing of dictionary
+/// keys on both build and probe side.
+class HashJoinDictUtil {
+ public:
+  // Null values in unified representation are always represented as null that has
+  // corresponding integer set to this constant
+  static constexpr int32_t kNullId = 0;
+  // Constant representing a value, that is not null, missing on the build side, in
+  // unified representation.
+  static constexpr int32_t kMissingValueId = -1;
+
+  // Check if data types of corresponding pair of key column on build and probe side are
+  // compatible
+  static bool KeyDataTypesValid(const std::shared_ptr& probe_data_type,
+                                const std::shared_ptr& build_data_type);
+
+  // Input must be dictionary array or dictionary scalar.
+  // A precomputed and provided here lookup table in the form of int32() array will be
+  // used to remap input indices to unified representation.
+  //
+  static Result> IndexRemapUsingLUT(
+      ExecContext* ctx, const Datum& indices, int64_t batch_length,
+      const std::shared_ptr& map_array,
+      const std::shared_ptr& data_type);
+
+  // Return int32() array that contains indices of input dictionary array or scalar after
+  // type casting.
+  static Result> ConvertToInt32(
+      const std::shared_ptr& from_type, const Datum& input,
+      int64_t batch_length, ExecContext* ctx);
+
+  // Return an array that contains elements of input int32() array after casting to a
+  // given integer type. This is used for mapping unified representation stored in the
+  // hash table on build side back to original input data type of hash join, when
+  // outputting hash join results to parent exec node.
+  //
+  static Result> ConvertFromInt32(
+      const std::shared_ptr& to_type, const Datum& input, int64_t batch_length,
+      ExecContext* ctx);
+
+  // Return dictionary referenced in either dictionary array or dictionary scalar
+  static std::shared_ptr ExtractDictionary(const Datum& data);
+};
+
+/// Implements processing of dictionary arrays/scalars in key columns on the build side of
+/// a hash join.
+/// Each instance of this class corresponds to a single column and stores and
+/// processes only the information related to that column.
+/// Const methods are thread-safe, non-const methods are not (the caller must make sure
+/// that only one thread at any time will access them).
+///
+class HashJoinDictBuild {
+ public:
+  // Returns true if the key column (described in input by its data type) requires any
+  // pre- or post-processing related to handling dictionaries.
+  //
+  static bool KeyNeedsProcessing(const std::shared_ptr& build_data_type) {
+    return (build_data_type->id() == Type::DICTIONARY);
+  }
+
+  // Data type of unified representation
+  static std::shared_ptr DataTypeAfterRemapping() { return int32(); }
+
+  // Should be called only once in hash join, before processing any build or probe
+  // batches.
+  //
+  // Takes a pointer to the dictionary for a corresponding key column on the build side as
+  // an input. If the build side is empty, it still needs to be called, but with
+  // dictionary pointer set to null.
+  //
+  // Currently it is required that all input batches on build side share the same
+  // dictionary. For each input batch during its pre-processing, dictionary will be
+  // checked and error will be returned if it is different then the one provided in the
+  // call to this method.
+  //
+  // Unifies the dictionary. The order of the values is still preserved.
+  // Null and duplicate entries are removed. If the dictionary is already unified, its
+  // copy will be produced and stored within this class.
+  //
+  // Prepares the mapping from ids within original dictionary to the ids in the resulting
+  // dictionary. This is used later on to pre-process (map to unified representation) key
+  // column on build side.
+  //
+  // Prepares the reverse mapping (in the form of hash table) from values to the ids in
+  // the resulting dictionary. This will be used later on to pre-process (map to unified
+  // representation) key column on probe side. Values on probe side that are not present
+  // in the original dictionary will be mapped to a special constant kMissingValueId. The
+  // exception is made for nulls, which get always mapped to nulls (both when null is
+  // represented as a dictionary id pointing to a null and a null dictionary id).
+  //
+  Status Init(ExecContext* ctx, std::shared_ptr dictionary,
+              std::shared_ptr index_type, std::shared_ptr value_type);
+
+  // Remap array or scalar values into unified representation (array of int32()).
+  // Outputs kMissingValueId if input value is not found in the unified dictionary.
+  // Outputs null for null input value (with corresponding data set to kNullId).
+  //
+  Result> RemapInputValues(ExecContext* ctx,
+                                                      const Datum& values,
+                                                      int64_t batch_length) const;
+
+  // Remap dictionary array or dictionary scalar on build side to unified representation.
+  // Dictionary referenced in the input must match the dictionary that was
+  // given during initialization.
+  // The output is a dictionary array that references unified dictionary.
+  //
+  Result> RemapInput(
+      ExecContext* ctx, const Datum& indices, int64_t batch_length,
+      const std::shared_ptr& data_type) const;
+
+  // Outputs dictionary array referencing unified dictionary, given an array with 32-bit
+  // ids.
+  // Used to post-process values looked up in a hash table on build side of the hash join
+  // before outputting to the parent exec node.
+  //
+  Result> RemapOutput(const ArrayData& indices32Bit,
+                                                 ExecContext* ctx) const;
+
+  // Release shared pointers and memory
+  void CleanUp();
+
+ private:
+  // Data type of dictionary ids for the input dictionary on build side
+  std::shared_ptr index_type_;
+  // Data type of values for the input dictionary on build side
+  std::shared_ptr value_type_;
+  // Mapping from (encoded as string) values to the ids in unified dictionary
+  std::unordered_map hash_table_;
+  // Mapping from input dictionary ids to unified dictionary ids
+  std::shared_ptr remapped_ids_;
+  // Input dictionary
+  std::shared_ptr dictionary_;
+  // Unified dictionary
+  std::shared_ptr unified_dictionary_;
+};
+
+/// Implements processing of dictionary arrays/scalars in key columns on the probe side of
+/// a hash join.
+/// Each instance of this class corresponds to a single column and stores and
+/// processes only the information related to that column.
+/// It is not thread-safe - every participating thread should use its own instance of
+/// this class.
+///
+class HashJoinDictProbe {
+ public:
+  static bool KeyNeedsProcessing(const std::shared_ptr& probe_data_type,
+                                 const std::shared_ptr& build_data_type);
+
+  // Data type of the result of remapping input key column.
+  //
+  // The result of remapping is what is used in hash join for matching keys on build and
+  // probe side. The exact data types may be different, as described below, and therefore
+  // a common representation is needed for simplifying comparisons of pairs of keys on
+  // both sides.
+  //
+  // We support matching key that is of non-dictionary type with key that is of dictionary
+  // type, as long as the underlying value types are equal. We support matching when both
+  // keys are of dictionary type, regardless whether underlying dictionary index types are
+  // the same or not.
+  //
+  static std::shared_ptr DataTypeAfterRemapping(
+      const std::shared_ptr& build_data_type);
+
+  // Should only be called if KeyNeedsProcessing method returns true for a pair of
+  // corresponding key columns from build and probe side.
+  // Converts values in order to match the common representation for
+  // both build and probe side used in hash table comparison.
+  // Supports arrays and scalars as input.
+  // Argument opt_build_side should be null if dictionary key on probe side is matched
+  // with non-dictionary key on build side.
+  //
+  Result> RemapInput(
+      const HashJoinDictBuild* opt_build_side, const Datum& data, int64_t batch_length,
+      const std::shared_ptr& probe_data_type,
+      const std::shared_ptr& build_data_type, ExecContext* ctx);
+
+  void CleanUp();
+
+ private:
+  // May be null if probe side key is non-dictionary. Otherwise it is used to verify that
+  // only a single dictionary is referenced in exec batch on probe side of hash join.
+  std::shared_ptr dictionary_;
+  // Mapping from dictionary on probe side of hash join (if it is used) to unified
+  // representation.
+  std::shared_ptr remapped_ids_;
+  // Encoder of key columns that uses unified representation instead of original data type
+  // for key columns that need to use it (have dictionaries on either side of the join).
+  RowEncoder encoder_;
+};
+
+// Encapsulates dictionary handling logic for build side of hash join.
+//
+class HashJoinDictBuildMulti {
+ public:
+  Status Init(const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map,
+              const ExecBatch* opt_non_empty_batch, ExecContext* ctx);
+  static void InitEncoder(const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map,
+                          RowEncoder* encoder, ExecContext* ctx);
+  Status EncodeBatch(size_t thread_index,
+                     const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map,
+                     const ExecBatch& batch, RowEncoder* encoder, ExecContext* ctx) const;
+  Status PostDecode(const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map,
+                    ExecBatch* decoded_key_batch, ExecContext* ctx);
+  const HashJoinDictBuild& get_dict_build(int icol) const { return remap_imp_[icol]; }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector needs_remap_;
+  std::vector remap_imp_;
+};
+
+// Encapsulates dictionary handling logic for probe side of hash join
+//
+class HashJoinDictProbeMulti {
+ public:
+  void Init(size_t num_threads);
+  bool BatchRemapNeeded(size_t thread_index,
+                        const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map_probe,
+                        const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map_build,
+                        ExecContext* ctx);
+  Status EncodeBatch(size_t thread_index,
+                     const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map_probe,
+                     const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map_build,
+                     const HashJoinDictBuildMulti& dict_build, const ExecBatch& batch,
+                     RowEncoder** out_encoder, ExecBatch* opt_out_key_batch,
+                     ExecContext* ctx);
+
+ private:
+  void InitLocalStateIfNeeded(
+      size_t thread_index, const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map_probe,
+      const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map_build, ExecContext* ctx);
+  static void InitEncoder(const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map_probe,
+                          const SchemaProjectionMaps& proj_map_build,
+                          RowEncoder* encoder, ExecContext* ctx);
+  struct ThreadLocalState {
+    bool is_initialized;
+    // Whether any key column needs remapping (because of dictionaries used) before doing
+    // join hash table lookups
+    bool any_needs_remap;
+    // Whether each key column needs remapping before doing join hash table lookups
+    std::vector needs_remap;
+    std::vector remap_imp;
+    // Encoder of key columns that uses unified representation instead of original data
+    // type for key columns that need to use it (have dictionaries on either side of the
+    // join).
+    RowEncoder post_remap_encoder;
+  };
+  std::vector local_states_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/hash_join_node.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/hash_join_node.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19745b8675cf0c63ed92c6e5448c9e6a68467f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/hash_join_node.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/options.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/schema_util.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+using compute::ExecContext;
+
+namespace acero {
+
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT HashJoinSchema {
+ public:
+  Status Init(JoinType join_type, const Schema& left_schema,
+              const std::vector& left_keys, const Schema& right_schema,
+              const std::vector& right_keys, const Expression& filter,
+              const std::string& left_field_name_prefix,
+              const std::string& right_field_name_prefix);
+
+  Status Init(JoinType join_type, const Schema& left_schema,
+              const std::vector& left_keys,
+              const std::vector& left_output, const Schema& right_schema,
+              const std::vector& right_keys,
+              const std::vector& right_output, const Expression& filter,
+              const std::string& left_field_name_prefix,
+              const std::string& right_field_name_prefix);
+
+  static Status ValidateSchemas(JoinType join_type, const Schema& left_schema,
+                                const std::vector& left_keys,
+                                const std::vector& left_output,
+                                const Schema& right_schema,
+                                const std::vector& right_keys,
+                                const std::vector& right_output,
+                                const std::string& left_field_name_prefix,
+                                const std::string& right_field_name_prefix);
+
+  bool HasDictionaries() const;
+
+  bool HasLargeBinary() const;
+
+  Result BindFilter(Expression filter, const Schema& left_schema,
+                                const Schema& right_schema, ExecContext* exec_context);
+  std::shared_ptr MakeOutputSchema(const std::string& left_field_name_suffix,
+                                           const std::string& right_field_name_suffix);
+
+  bool LeftPayloadIsEmpty() const { return PayloadIsEmpty(0); }
+
+  bool RightPayloadIsEmpty() const { return PayloadIsEmpty(1); }
+
+  static int kMissingField() {
+    return SchemaProjectionMaps::kMissingField;
+  }
+
+  SchemaProjectionMaps proj_maps[2];
+
+ private:
+  static bool IsTypeSupported(const DataType& type);
+
+  Status CollectFilterColumns(std::vector& left_filter,
+                              std::vector& right_filter,
+                              const Expression& filter, const Schema& left_schema,
+                              const Schema& right_schema);
+
+  Expression RewriteFilterToUseFilterSchema(int right_filter_offset,
+                                            const SchemaProjectionMap& left_to_filter,
+                                            const SchemaProjectionMap& right_to_filter,
+                                            const Expression& filter);
+
+  bool PayloadIsEmpty(int side) const {
+    assert(side == 0 || side == 1);
+    return proj_maps[side].num_cols(HashJoinProjection::PAYLOAD) == 0;
+  }
+
+  static Result> ComputePayload(const Schema& schema,
+                                                      const std::vector& output,
+                                                      const std::vector& filter,
+                                                      const std::vector& key);
+};
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/map_node.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/map_node.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8bdd0ab2ca3854c6561aa3735ae143e7c58b4f77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/map_node.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/exec_plan.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/util.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/visibility.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/util/cancel.h"
+#include "arrow/util/type_fwd.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace acero {
+
+/// A utility base class for simple exec nodes with one input
+///
+/// Pause/Resume Producing are forwarded appropriately
+/// There is nothing to do in StopProducingImpl
+///
+/// An AtomicCounter is used to keep track of when all data has arrived.  When it
+/// has the Finish() method will be invoked
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT MapNode : public ExecNode, public TracedNode {
+ public:
+  MapNode(ExecPlan* plan, std::vector inputs,
+          std::shared_ptr output_schema);
+
+  Status InputFinished(ExecNode* input, int total_batches) override;
+
+  Status StartProducing() override;
+
+  void PauseProducing(ExecNode* output, int32_t counter) override;
+
+  void ResumeProducing(ExecNode* output, int32_t counter) override;
+
+  Status InputReceived(ExecNode* input, ExecBatch batch) override;
+
+  const Ordering& ordering() const override;
+
+ protected:
+  Status StopProducingImpl() override;
+
+  /// Transform a batch
+  ///
+  /// The output batch will have the same guarantee as the input batch
+  /// If this was the last batch this call may trigger Finish()
+  virtual Result ProcessBatch(ExecBatch batch) = 0;
+
+  /// Function called after all data has been received
+  ///
+  /// By default this does nothing.  Override this to provide a custom implementation.
+  virtual void Finish();
+
+ protected:
+  // Counter for the number of batches received
+  AtomicCounter input_counter_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/options.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/options.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2beacfe26baa1e67bd93e9f37915329ad74e1ac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/options.h
@@ -0,0 +1,871 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/visibility.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/api_aggregate.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/api_vector.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/expression.h"
+#include "arrow/record_batch.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/util/async_generator.h"
+#include "arrow/util/async_util.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+using compute::Aggregate;
+using compute::ExecBatch;
+using compute::Expression;
+using compute::literal;
+using compute::Ordering;
+using compute::SelectKOptions;
+using compute::SortOptions;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+class Executor;
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+namespace acero {
+
+/// \brief This must not be used in release-mode
+struct DebugOptions;
+
+using AsyncExecBatchGenerator = AsyncGenerator>;
+
+/// \addtogroup acero-nodes
+/// @{
+
+/// \brief A base class for all options objects
+///
+/// The only time this is used directly is when a node has no configuration
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ExecNodeOptions() = default;
+
+  /// \brief This must not be used in release-mode
+  std::shared_ptr debug_opts;
+};
+
+/// \brief A node representing a generic source of data for Acero
+///
+/// The source node will start calling `generator` during StartProducing.  An initial
+/// task will be created that will call `generator`.  It will not call `generator`
+/// reentrantly.  If the source can be read in parallel then those details should be
+/// encapsulated within `generator`.
+///
+/// For each batch received a new task will be created to push that batch downstream.
+/// This task will slice smaller units of size `ExecPlan::kMaxBatchSize` from the
+/// parent batch and call InputReceived.  Thus, if the `generator` yields a large
+/// batch it may result in several calls to InputReceived.
+///
+/// The SourceNode will, by default, assign an implicit ordering to outgoing batches.
+/// This is valid as long as the generator generates batches in a deterministic fashion.
+/// Currently, the only way to override this is to subclass the SourceNode.
+///
+/// This node is not generally used directly but can serve as the basis for various
+/// specialized nodes.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT SourceNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  /// Create an instance from values
+  SourceNodeOptions(std::shared_ptr output_schema,
+                    std::function>()> generator,
+                    Ordering ordering = Ordering::Unordered())
+      : output_schema(std::move(output_schema)),
+        generator(std::move(generator)),
+        ordering(std::move(ordering)) {}
+
+  /// \brief the schema for batches that will be generated by this source
+  std::shared_ptr output_schema;
+  /// \brief an asynchronous stream of batches ending with std::nullopt
+  std::function>()> generator;
+
+  Ordering ordering = Ordering::Unordered();
+};
+
+/// \brief a node that generates data from a table already loaded in memory
+///
+/// The table source node will slice off chunks, defined by `max_batch_size`
+/// for parallel processing.  The table source node extends source node and so these
+/// chunks will be iteratively processed in small batches.  \see SourceNodeOptions
+/// for details.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT TableSourceNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  static constexpr int64_t kDefaultMaxBatchSize = 1 << 20;
+
+  /// Create an instance from values
+  TableSourceNodeOptions(std::shared_ptr table,
+                         int64_t max_batch_size = kDefaultMaxBatchSize)
+      : table(std::move(table)), max_batch_size(max_batch_size) {}
+
+  /// \brief a table which acts as the data source
+  std::shared_ptr
 table;
+  /// \brief size of batches to emit from this node
+  /// If the table is larger the node will emit multiple batches from the
+  /// the table to be processed in parallel.
+  int64_t max_batch_size;
+};
+
+/// \brief define a lazily resolved Arrow table.
+///
+/// The table uniquely identified by the names can typically be resolved at the time when
+/// the plan is to be consumed.
+///
+/// This node is for serialization purposes only and can never be executed.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT NamedTableNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  /// Create an instance from values
+  NamedTableNodeOptions(std::vector names, std::shared_ptr schema)
+      : names(std::move(names)), schema(std::move(schema)) {}
+
+  /// \brief the names to put in the serialized plan
+  std::vector names;
+  /// \brief the output schema of the table
+  std::shared_ptr schema;
+};
+
+/// \brief a source node which feeds data from a synchronous iterator of batches
+///
+/// ItMaker is a maker of an iterator of tabular data.
+///
+/// The node can be configured to use an I/O executor.  If set then each time the
+/// iterator is polled a new I/O thread task will be created to do the polling.  This
+/// allows a blocking iterator to stay off the CPU thread pool.
+template 
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT SchemaSourceNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  /// Create an instance that will create a new task on io_executor for each iteration
+  SchemaSourceNodeOptions(std::shared_ptr schema, ItMaker it_maker,
+                          arrow::internal::Executor* io_executor)
+      : schema(std::move(schema)),
+        it_maker(std::move(it_maker)),
+        io_executor(io_executor),
+        requires_io(true) {}
+
+  /// Create an instance that will either iterate synchronously or use the default I/O
+  /// executor
+  SchemaSourceNodeOptions(std::shared_ptr schema, ItMaker it_maker,
+                          bool requires_io = false)
+      : schema(std::move(schema)),
+        it_maker(std::move(it_maker)),
+        io_executor(NULLPTR),
+        requires_io(requires_io) {}
+
+  /// \brief The schema of the record batches from the iterator
+  std::shared_ptr schema;
+
+  /// \brief A maker of an iterator which acts as the data source
+  ItMaker it_maker;
+
+  /// \brief The executor to use for scanning the iterator
+  ///
+  /// Defaults to the default I/O executor.  Only used if requires_io is true.
+  /// If requires_io is false then this MUST be nullptr.
+  arrow::internal::Executor* io_executor;
+
+  /// \brief If true then items will be fetched from the iterator on a dedicated I/O
+  ///        thread to keep I/O off the CPU thread
+  bool requires_io;
+};
+
+/// a source node that reads from a RecordBatchReader
+///
+/// Each iteration of the RecordBatchReader will be run on a new thread task created
+/// on the I/O thread pool.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT RecordBatchReaderSourceNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  /// Create an instance from values
+  RecordBatchReaderSourceNodeOptions(std::shared_ptr reader,
+                                     arrow::internal::Executor* io_executor = NULLPTR)
+      : reader(std::move(reader)), io_executor(io_executor) {}
+
+  /// \brief The RecordBatchReader which acts as the data source
+  std::shared_ptr reader;
+
+  /// \brief The executor to use for the reader
+  ///
+  /// Defaults to the default I/O executor.
+  arrow::internal::Executor* io_executor;
+};
+
+/// a source node that reads from an iterator of array vectors
+using ArrayVectorIteratorMaker = std::function>()>;
+/// \brief An extended Source node which accepts a schema and array-vectors
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT ArrayVectorSourceNodeOptions
+    : public SchemaSourceNodeOptions {
+  using SchemaSourceNodeOptions::SchemaSourceNodeOptions;
+};
+
+/// a source node that reads from an iterator of ExecBatch
+using ExecBatchIteratorMaker = std::function>()>;
+/// \brief An extended Source node which accepts a schema and exec-batches
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT ExecBatchSourceNodeOptions
+    : public SchemaSourceNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  using SchemaSourceNodeOptions::SchemaSourceNodeOptions;
+  ExecBatchSourceNodeOptions(std::shared_ptr schema,
+                             std::vector batches,
+                             ::arrow::internal::Executor* io_executor);
+  ExecBatchSourceNodeOptions(std::shared_ptr schema,
+                             std::vector batches, bool requires_io = false);
+};
+
+using RecordBatchIteratorMaker = std::function>()>;
+/// a source node that reads from an iterator of RecordBatch
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT RecordBatchSourceNodeOptions
+    : public SchemaSourceNodeOptions {
+  using SchemaSourceNodeOptions::SchemaSourceNodeOptions;
+};
+
+/// \brief a node which excludes some rows from batches passed through it
+///
+/// filter_expression will be evaluated against each batch which is pushed to
+/// this node. Any rows for which filter_expression does not evaluate to `true` will be
+/// excluded in the batch emitted by this node.
+///
+/// This node will emit empty batches if all rows are excluded.  This is done
+/// to avoid gaps in the ordering.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT FilterNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  /// \brief create an instance from values
+  explicit FilterNodeOptions(Expression filter_expression)
+      : filter_expression(std::move(filter_expression)) {}
+
+  /// \brief the expression to filter batches
+  ///
+  /// The return type of this expression must be boolean
+  Expression filter_expression;
+};
+
+/// \brief a node which selects a specified subset from the input
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT FetchNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  static constexpr std::string_view kName = "fetch";
+  /// \brief create an instance from values
+  FetchNodeOptions(int64_t offset, int64_t count) : offset(offset), count(count) {}
+  /// \brief the number of rows to skip
+  int64_t offset;
+  /// \brief the number of rows to keep (not counting skipped rows)
+  int64_t count;
+};
+
+/// \brief a node which executes expressions on input batches, producing batches
+/// of the same length with new columns.
+///
+/// Each expression will be evaluated against each batch which is pushed to
+/// this node to produce a corresponding output column.
+///
+/// If names are not provided, the string representations of exprs will be used.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT ProjectNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  /// \brief create an instance from values
+  explicit ProjectNodeOptions(std::vector expressions,
+                              std::vector names = {})
+      : expressions(std::move(expressions)), names(std::move(names)) {}
+
+  /// \brief the expressions to run on the batches
+  ///
+  /// The output will have one column for each expression.  If you wish to keep any of
+  /// the columns from the input then you should create a simple field_ref expression
+  /// for that column.
+  std::vector expressions;
+  /// \brief the names of the output columns
+  ///
+  /// If this is not specified then the result of calling ToString on the expression will
+  /// be used instead
+  ///
+  /// This list should either be empty or have the same length as `expressions`
+  std::vector names;
+};
+
+/// \brief a node which aggregates input batches and calculates summary statistics
+///
+/// The node can summarize the entire input or it can group the input with grouping keys
+/// and segment keys.
+///
+/// By default, the aggregate node is a pipeline breaker.  It must accumulate all input
+/// before any output is produced.  Segment keys are a performance optimization.  If
+/// you know your input is already partitioned by one or more columns then you can
+/// specify these as segment keys.  At each change in the segment keys the node will
+/// emit values for all data seen so far.
+///
+/// Segment keys are currently limited to single-threaded mode.
+///
+/// Both keys and segment-keys determine the group.  However segment-keys are also used
+/// for determining grouping segments, which should be large, and allow streaming a
+/// partial aggregation result after processing each segment.  One common use-case for
+/// segment-keys is ordered aggregation, in which the segment-key attribute specifies a
+/// column with non-decreasing values or a lexicographically-ordered set of such columns.
+///
+/// If the keys attribute is a non-empty vector, then each aggregate in `aggregates` is
+/// expected to be a HashAggregate function. If the keys attribute is an empty vector,
+/// then each aggregate is assumed to be a ScalarAggregate function.
+///
+/// If the segment_keys attribute is a non-empty vector, then segmented aggregation, as
+/// described above, applies.
+///
+/// The keys and segment_keys vectors must be disjoint.
+///
+/// If no measures are provided then you will simply get the list of unique keys.
+///
+/// This node outputs segment keys first, followed by regular keys, followed by one
+/// column for each aggregate.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT AggregateNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  /// \brief create an instance from values
+  explicit AggregateNodeOptions(std::vector aggregates,
+                                std::vector keys = {},
+                                std::vector segment_keys = {})
+      : aggregates(std::move(aggregates)),
+        keys(std::move(keys)),
+        segment_keys(std::move(segment_keys)) {}
+
+  // aggregations which will be applied to the targeted fields
+  std::vector aggregates;
+  // keys by which aggregations will be grouped (optional)
+  std::vector keys;
+  // keys by which aggregations will be segmented (optional)
+  std::vector segment_keys;
+};
+
+/// \brief a default value at which backpressure will be applied
+constexpr int32_t kDefaultBackpressureHighBytes = 1 << 30;  // 1GiB
+/// \brief a default value at which backpressure will be removed
+constexpr int32_t kDefaultBackpressureLowBytes = 1 << 28;  // 256MiB
+
+/// \brief an interface that can be queried for backpressure statistics
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT BackpressureMonitor {
+ public:
+  virtual ~BackpressureMonitor() = default;
+  /// \brief fetches the number of bytes currently queued up
+  virtual uint64_t bytes_in_use() = 0;
+  /// \brief checks to see if backpressure is currently applied
+  virtual bool is_paused() = 0;
+};
+
+/// \brief Options to control backpressure behavior
+struct ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT BackpressureOptions {
+  /// \brief Create default options that perform no backpressure
+  BackpressureOptions() : resume_if_below(0), pause_if_above(0) {}
+  /// \brief Create options that will perform backpressure
+  ///
+  /// \param resume_if_below The producer should resume producing if the backpressure
+  ///                        queue has fewer than resume_if_below items.
+  /// \param pause_if_above The producer should pause producing if the backpressure
+  ///                       queue has more than pause_if_above items
+  BackpressureOptions(uint64_t resume_if_below, uint64_t pause_if_above)
+      : resume_if_below(resume_if_below), pause_if_above(pause_if_above) {}
+
+  /// \brief create an instance using default values for backpressure limits
+  static BackpressureOptions DefaultBackpressure() {
+    return BackpressureOptions(kDefaultBackpressureLowBytes,
+                               kDefaultBackpressureHighBytes);
+  }
+
+  /// \brief helper method to determine if backpressure is disabled
+  /// \return true if pause_if_above is greater than zero, false otherwise
+  bool should_apply_backpressure() const { return pause_if_above > 0; }
+
+  /// \brief the number of bytes at which the producer should resume producing
+  uint64_t resume_if_below;
+  /// \brief the number of bytes at which the producer should pause producing
+  ///
+  /// If this is <= 0 then backpressure will be disabled
+  uint64_t pause_if_above;
+};
+
+/// \brief a sink node which collects results in a queue
+///
+/// Emitted batches will only be ordered if there is a meaningful ordering
+/// and sequence_output is not set to false.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT SinkNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit SinkNodeOptions(std::function>()>* generator,
+                           std::shared_ptr* schema,
+                           BackpressureOptions backpressure = {},
+                           BackpressureMonitor** backpressure_monitor = NULLPTR,
+                           std::optional sequence_output = std::nullopt)
+      : generator(generator),
+        schema(schema),
+        backpressure(backpressure),
+        backpressure_monitor(backpressure_monitor),
+        sequence_output(sequence_output) {}
+
+  explicit SinkNodeOptions(std::function>()>* generator,
+                           BackpressureOptions backpressure = {},
+                           BackpressureMonitor** backpressure_monitor = NULLPTR,
+                           std::optional sequence_output = std::nullopt)
+      : generator(generator),
+        schema(NULLPTR),
+        backpressure(std::move(backpressure)),
+        backpressure_monitor(backpressure_monitor),
+        sequence_output(sequence_output) {}
+
+  /// \brief A pointer to a generator of batches.
+  ///
+  /// This will be set when the node is added to the plan and should be used to consume
+  /// data from the plan.  If this function is not called frequently enough then the sink
+  /// node will start to accumulate data and may apply backpressure.
+  std::function>()>* generator;
+  /// \brief A pointer which will be set to the schema of the generated batches
+  ///
+  /// This is optional, if nullptr is passed in then it will be ignored.
+  /// This will be set when the node is added to the plan, before StartProducing is called
+  std::shared_ptr* schema;
+  /// \brief Options to control when to apply backpressure
+  ///
+  /// This is optional, the default is to never apply backpressure.  If the plan is not
+  /// consumed quickly enough the system may eventually run out of memory.
+  BackpressureOptions backpressure;
+  /// \brief A pointer to a backpressure monitor
+  ///
+  /// This will be set when the node is added to the plan.  This can be used to inspect
+  /// the amount of data currently queued in the sink node.  This is an optional utility
+  /// and backpressure can be applied even if this is not used.
+  BackpressureMonitor** backpressure_monitor;
+  /// \brief Controls whether batches should be emitted immediately or sequenced in order
+  ///
+  /// \see QueryOptions for more details
+  std::optional sequence_output;
+};
+
+/// \brief Control used by a SinkNodeConsumer to pause & resume
+///
+/// Callers should ensure that they do not call Pause and Resume simultaneously and they
+/// should sequence things so that a call to Pause() is always followed by an eventual
+/// call to Resume()
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT BackpressureControl {
+ public:
+  virtual ~BackpressureControl() = default;
+  /// \brief Ask the input to pause
+  ///
+  /// This is best effort, batches may continue to arrive
+  /// Must eventually be followed by a call to Resume() or deadlock will occur
+  virtual void Pause() = 0;
+  /// \brief Ask the input to resume
+  virtual void Resume() = 0;
+};
+
+/// \brief a sink node that consumes the data as part of the plan using callbacks
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT SinkNodeConsumer {
+ public:
+  virtual ~SinkNodeConsumer() = default;
+  /// \brief Prepare any consumer state
+  ///
+  /// This will be run once the schema is finalized as the plan is starting and
+  /// before any calls to Consume.  A common use is to save off the schema so that
+  /// batches can be interpreted.
+  virtual Status Init(const std::shared_ptr& schema,
+                      BackpressureControl* backpressure_control, ExecPlan* plan) = 0;
+  /// \brief Consume a batch of data
+  virtual Status Consume(ExecBatch batch) = 0;
+  /// \brief Signal to the consumer that the last batch has been delivered
+  ///
+  /// The returned future should only finish when all outstanding tasks have completed
+  ///
+  /// If the plan is ended early or aborts due to an error then this will not be
+  /// called.
+  virtual Future<> Finish() = 0;
+};
+
+/// \brief Add a sink node which consumes data within the exec plan run
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT ConsumingSinkNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit ConsumingSinkNodeOptions(std::shared_ptr consumer,
+                                    std::vector names = {},
+                                    std::optional sequence_output = std::nullopt)
+      : consumer(std::move(consumer)),
+        names(std::move(names)),
+        sequence_output(sequence_output) {}
+
+  std::shared_ptr consumer;
+  /// \brief Names to rename the sink's schema fields to
+  ///
+  /// If specified then names must be provided for all fields. Currently, only a flat
+  /// schema is supported (see GH-31875).
+  ///
+  /// If not specified then names will be generated based on the source data.
+  std::vector names;
+  /// \brief Controls whether batches should be emitted immediately or sequenced in order
+  ///
+  /// \see QueryOptions for more details
+  std::optional sequence_output;
+};
+
+/// \brief Make a node which sorts rows passed through it
+///
+/// All batches pushed to this node will be accumulated, then sorted, by the given
+/// fields. Then sorted batches will be forwarded to the generator in sorted order.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT OrderBySinkNodeOptions : public SinkNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  /// \brief create an instance from values
+  explicit OrderBySinkNodeOptions(
+      SortOptions sort_options,
+      std::function>()>* generator)
+      : SinkNodeOptions(generator), sort_options(std::move(sort_options)) {}
+
+  /// \brief options describing which columns and direction to sort
+  SortOptions sort_options;
+};
+
+/// \brief Apply a new ordering to data
+///
+/// Currently this node works by accumulating all data, sorting, and then emitting
+/// the new data with an updated batch index.
+///
+/// Larger-than-memory sort is not currently supported.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT OrderByNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  static constexpr std::string_view kName = "order_by";
+  explicit OrderByNodeOptions(Ordering ordering) : ordering(std::move(ordering)) {}
+
+  /// \brief The new ordering to apply to outgoing data
+  Ordering ordering;
+};
+
+enum class JoinType {
+  LEFT_SEMI,
+  RIGHT_SEMI,
+  LEFT_ANTI,
+  RIGHT_ANTI,
+  INNER,
+  LEFT_OUTER,
+  RIGHT_OUTER,
+  FULL_OUTER
+};
+
+std::string ToString(JoinType t);
+
+enum class JoinKeyCmp { EQ, IS };
+
+/// \brief a node which implements a join operation using a hash table
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT HashJoinNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  static constexpr const char* default_output_suffix_for_left = "";
+  static constexpr const char* default_output_suffix_for_right = "";
+  /// \brief create an instance from values that outputs all columns
+  HashJoinNodeOptions(
+      JoinType in_join_type, std::vector in_left_keys,
+      std::vector in_right_keys, Expression filter = literal(true),
+      std::string output_suffix_for_left = default_output_suffix_for_left,
+      std::string output_suffix_for_right = default_output_suffix_for_right,
+      bool disable_bloom_filter = false)
+      : join_type(in_join_type),
+        left_keys(std::move(in_left_keys)),
+        right_keys(std::move(in_right_keys)),
+        output_all(true),
+        output_suffix_for_left(std::move(output_suffix_for_left)),
+        output_suffix_for_right(std::move(output_suffix_for_right)),
+        filter(std::move(filter)),
+        disable_bloom_filter(disable_bloom_filter) {
+    this->key_cmp.resize(this->left_keys.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < this->left_keys.size(); ++i) {
+      this->key_cmp[i] = JoinKeyCmp::EQ;
+    }
+  }
+  /// \brief create an instance from keys
+  ///
+  /// This will create an inner join that outputs all columns and has no post join filter
+  ///
+  /// `in_left_keys` should have the same length and types as `in_right_keys`
+  /// @param in_left_keys the keys in the left input
+  /// @param in_right_keys the keys in the right input
+  HashJoinNodeOptions(std::vector in_left_keys,
+                      std::vector in_right_keys)
+      : left_keys(std::move(in_left_keys)), right_keys(std::move(in_right_keys)) {
+    this->join_type = JoinType::INNER;
+    this->output_all = true;
+    this->output_suffix_for_left = default_output_suffix_for_left;
+    this->output_suffix_for_right = default_output_suffix_for_right;
+    this->key_cmp.resize(this->left_keys.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < this->left_keys.size(); ++i) {
+      this->key_cmp[i] = JoinKeyCmp::EQ;
+    }
+    this->filter = literal(true);
+  }
+  /// \brief create an instance from values using JoinKeyCmp::EQ for all comparisons
+  HashJoinNodeOptions(
+      JoinType join_type, std::vector left_keys,
+      std::vector right_keys, std::vector left_output,
+      std::vector right_output, Expression filter = literal(true),
+      std::string output_suffix_for_left = default_output_suffix_for_left,
+      std::string output_suffix_for_right = default_output_suffix_for_right,
+      bool disable_bloom_filter = false)
+      : join_type(join_type),
+        left_keys(std::move(left_keys)),
+        right_keys(std::move(right_keys)),
+        output_all(false),
+        left_output(std::move(left_output)),
+        right_output(std::move(right_output)),
+        output_suffix_for_left(std::move(output_suffix_for_left)),
+        output_suffix_for_right(std::move(output_suffix_for_right)),
+        filter(std::move(filter)),
+        disable_bloom_filter(disable_bloom_filter) {
+    this->key_cmp.resize(this->left_keys.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < this->left_keys.size(); ++i) {
+      this->key_cmp[i] = JoinKeyCmp::EQ;
+    }
+  }
+  /// \brief create an instance from values
+  HashJoinNodeOptions(
+      JoinType join_type, std::vector left_keys,
+      std::vector right_keys, std::vector left_output,
+      std::vector right_output, std::vector key_cmp,
+      Expression filter = literal(true),
+      std::string output_suffix_for_left = default_output_suffix_for_left,
+      std::string output_suffix_for_right = default_output_suffix_for_right,
+      bool disable_bloom_filter = false)
+      : join_type(join_type),
+        left_keys(std::move(left_keys)),
+        right_keys(std::move(right_keys)),
+        output_all(false),
+        left_output(std::move(left_output)),
+        right_output(std::move(right_output)),
+        key_cmp(std::move(key_cmp)),
+        output_suffix_for_left(std::move(output_suffix_for_left)),
+        output_suffix_for_right(std::move(output_suffix_for_right)),
+        filter(std::move(filter)),
+        disable_bloom_filter(disable_bloom_filter) {}
+
+  HashJoinNodeOptions() = default;
+
+  // type of join (inner, left, semi...)
+  JoinType join_type = JoinType::INNER;
+  // key fields from left input
+  std::vector left_keys;
+  // key fields from right input
+  std::vector right_keys;
+  // if set all valid fields from both left and right input will be output
+  // (and field ref vectors for output fields will be ignored)
+  bool output_all = false;
+  // output fields passed from left input
+  std::vector left_output;
+  // output fields passed from right input
+  std::vector right_output;
+  // key comparison function (determines whether a null key is equal another null
+  // key or not)
+  std::vector key_cmp;
+  // suffix added to names of output fields coming from left input (used to distinguish,
+  // if necessary, between fields of the same name in left and right input and can be left
+  // empty if there are no name collisions)
+  std::string output_suffix_for_left;
+  // suffix added to names of output fields coming from right input
+  std::string output_suffix_for_right;
+  // residual filter which is applied to matching rows.  Rows that do not match
+  // the filter are not included.  The filter is applied against the
+  // concatenated input schema (left fields then right fields) and can reference
+  // fields that are not included in the output.
+  Expression filter = literal(true);
+  // whether or not to disable Bloom filters in this join
+  bool disable_bloom_filter = false;
+};
+
+/// \brief a node which implements the asof join operation
+///
+/// Note, this API is experimental and will change in the future
+///
+/// This node takes one left table and any number of right tables, and asof joins them
+/// together. Batches produced by each input must be ordered by the "on" key.
+/// This node will output one row for each row in the left table.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT AsofJoinNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  /// \brief Keys for one input table of the AsofJoin operation
+  ///
+  /// The keys must be consistent across the input tables:
+  /// Each "on" key must refer to a field of the same type and units across the tables.
+  /// Each "by" key must refer to a list of fields of the same types across the tables.
+  struct Keys {
+    /// \brief "on" key for the join.
+    ///
+    /// The input table must be sorted by the "on" key. Must be a single field of a common
+    /// type. Inexact match is used on the "on" key. i.e., a row is considered a match iff
+    /// left_on - tolerance <= right_on <= left_on.
+    /// Currently, the "on" key must be of an integer, date, or timestamp type.
+    FieldRef on_key;
+    /// \brief "by" key for the join.
+    ///
+    /// Each input table must have each field of the "by" key.  Exact equality is used for
+    /// each field of the "by" key.
+    /// Currently, each field of the "by" key must be of an integer, date, timestamp, or
+    /// base-binary type.
+    std::vector by_key;
+  };
+
+  AsofJoinNodeOptions(std::vector input_keys, int64_t tolerance)
+      : input_keys(std::move(input_keys)), tolerance(tolerance) {}
+
+  /// \brief AsofJoin keys per input table. At least two keys must be given. The first key
+  /// corresponds to a left table and all other keys correspond to right tables for the
+  /// as-of-join.
+  ///
+  /// \see `Keys` for details.
+  std::vector input_keys;
+  /// \brief Tolerance for inexact "on" key matching. A right row is considered a match
+  /// with the left row if `right.on - left.on <= tolerance`. The `tolerance` may be:
+  /// - negative, in which case a past-as-of-join occurs;
+  /// - or positive, in which case a future-as-of-join occurs;
+  /// - or zero, in which case an exact-as-of-join occurs.
+  ///
+  /// The tolerance is interpreted in the same units as the "on" key.
+  int64_t tolerance;
+};
+
+/// \brief a node which select top_k/bottom_k rows passed through it
+///
+/// All batches pushed to this node will be accumulated, then selected, by the given
+/// fields. Then sorted batches will be forwarded to the generator in sorted order.
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT SelectKSinkNodeOptions : public SinkNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit SelectKSinkNodeOptions(
+      SelectKOptions select_k_options,
+      std::function>()>* generator)
+      : SinkNodeOptions(generator), select_k_options(std::move(select_k_options)) {}
+
+  /// SelectK options
+  SelectKOptions select_k_options;
+};
+
+/// \brief a sink node which accumulates all output into a table
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT TableSinkNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  /// \brief create an instance from values
+  explicit TableSinkNodeOptions(std::shared_ptr
* output_table,
+                                std::optional sequence_output = std::nullopt)
+      : output_table(output_table), sequence_output(sequence_output) {}
+
+  /// \brief an "out parameter" specifying the table that will be created
+  ///
+  /// Must not be null and remain valid for the entirety of the plan execution.  After the
+  /// plan has completed this will be set to point to the result table
+  std::shared_ptr
* output_table;
+  /// \brief Controls whether batches should be emitted immediately or sequenced in order
+  ///
+  /// \see QueryOptions for more details
+  std::optional sequence_output;
+  /// \brief Custom names to use for the columns.
+  ///
+  /// If specified then names must be provided for all fields. Currently, only a flat
+  /// schema is supported (see GH-31875).
+  ///
+  /// If not specified then names will be generated based on the source data.
+  std::vector names;
+};
+
+/// \brief a row template that describes one row that will be generated for each input row
+struct ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT PivotLongerRowTemplate {
+  PivotLongerRowTemplate(std::vector feature_values,
+                         std::vector> measurement_values)
+      : feature_values(std::move(feature_values)),
+        measurement_values(std::move(measurement_values)) {}
+  /// A (typically unique) set of feature values for the template, usually derived from a
+  /// column name
+  ///
+  /// These will be used to populate the feature columns
+  std::vector feature_values;
+  /// The fields containing the measurements to use for this row
+  ///
+  /// These will be used to populate the measurement columns.  If nullopt then nulls
+  /// will be inserted for the given value.
+  std::vector> measurement_values;
+};
+
+/// \brief Reshape a table by turning some columns into additional rows
+///
+/// This operation is sometimes also referred to as UNPIVOT
+///
+/// This is typically done when there are multiple observations in each row in order to
+/// transform to a table containing a single observation per row.
+///
+/// For example:
+///
+/// | time | left_temp | right_temp |
+/// | ---- | --------- | ---------- |
+/// | 1    | 10        | 20         |
+/// | 2    | 15        | 18         |
+///
+/// The above table contains two observations per row.  There is an implicit feature
+/// "location" (left vs right) and a measurement "temp".  What we really want is:
+///
+/// | time | location | temp |
+/// | ---  | ---      | ---  |
+/// | 1    | left     | 10   |
+/// | 1    | right    | 20   |
+/// | 2    | left     | 15   |
+/// | 2    | right    | 18   |
+///
+/// For a more complex example consider:
+///
+/// | time | ax1 | ay1 | bx1 | ay2 |
+/// | ---- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+/// | 0    | 1   | 2   | 3   | 4   |
+///
+/// We can pretend a vs b and x vs y are features while 1 and 2 are two different
+/// kinds of measurements.  We thus want to pivot to
+///
+/// | time | a/b | x/y |  f1  |  f2  |
+/// | ---- | --- | --- | ---- | ---- |
+/// | 0    | a   | x   | 1    | null |
+/// | 0    | a   | y   | 2    | 4    |
+/// | 0    | b   | x   | 3    | null |
+///
+/// To do this we create a row template for each combination of features.  One should
+/// be able to do this purely by looking at the column names.  For example, given the
+/// above columns "ax1", "ay1", "bx1", and "ay2" we know we have three feature
+/// combinations (a, x), (a, y), and (b, x).  Similarly, we know we have two possible
+/// measurements, "1" and "2".
+///
+/// For each combination of features we create a row template.  In each row template we
+/// describe the combination and then list which columns to use for the measurements.
+/// If a measurement doesn't exist for a given combination then we use nullopt.
+///
+/// So, for our above example, we have:
+///
+/// (a, x): names={"a", "x"}, values={"ax1", nullopt}
+/// (a, y): names={"a", "y"}, values={"ay1", "ay2"}
+/// (b, x): names={"b", "x"}, values={"bx1", nullopt}
+///
+/// Finishing it off we name our new columns:
+/// feature_field_names={"a/b","x/y"}
+/// measurement_field_names={"f1", "f2"}
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT PivotLongerNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+ public:
+  static constexpr std::string_view kName = "pivot_longer";
+  /// One or more row templates to create new output rows
+  ///
+  /// Normally there are at least two row templates.  The output # of rows
+  /// will be the input # of rows * the number of row templates
+  std::vector row_templates;
+  /// The names of the columns which describe the new features
+  std::vector feature_field_names;
+  /// The names of the columns which represent the measurements
+  std::vector measurement_field_names;
+};
+
+/// @}
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/order_by_impl.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/order_by_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b5a0f69a69ffc8f23fb5416e82777d2d06f0a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/order_by_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/options.h"
+#include "arrow/record_batch.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/type.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+using compute::ExecContext;
+
+namespace acero {
+
+class OrderByImpl {
+ public:
+  virtual ~OrderByImpl() = default;
+
+  virtual void InputReceived(const std::shared_ptr& batch) = 0;
+
+  virtual Result DoFinish() = 0;
+
+  virtual std::string ToString() const = 0;
+
+  static Result> MakeSort(
+      ExecContext* ctx, const std::shared_ptr& output_schema,
+      const SortOptions& options);
+
+  static Result> MakeSelectK(
+      ExecContext* ctx, const std::shared_ptr& output_schema,
+      const SelectKOptions& options);
+};
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/partition_util.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/partition_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42b21565fb95223a63f4c7fe35f3d1c38bb15d38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/partition_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include "arrow/acero/util.h"
+#include "arrow/buffer.h"
+#include "arrow/util/pcg_random.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace acero {
+
+class PartitionSort {
+ public:
+  /// \brief Bucket sort rows on partition ids in O(num_rows) time.
+  ///
+  /// Include in the output exclusive cumulative sum of bucket sizes.
+  /// This corresponds to ranges in the sorted array containing all row ids for
+  /// each of the partitions.
+  ///
+  /// prtn_ranges must be initialized and have at least prtn_ranges + 1 elements
+  /// when this method returns prtn_ranges[i] will contains the total number of
+  /// elements in partitions 0 through i.  prtn_ranges[0] will be 0.
+  ///
+  /// prtn_id_impl must be a function that takes in a row id (int) and returns
+  /// a partition id (int).  The returned partition id must be between 0 and
+  /// num_prtns (exclusive).
+  ///
+  /// output_pos_impl is a function that takes in a row id (int) and a position (int)
+  /// in the bucket sorted output.  The function should insert the row in the
+  /// output.
+  ///
+  /// For example:
+  ///
+  /// in_arr: [5, 7, 2, 3, 5, 4]
+  /// num_prtns: 3
+  /// prtn_id_impl: [&in_arr] (int row_id) { return in_arr[row_id] / 3; }
+  /// output_pos_impl: [&sorted_row_ids] (int row_id, int pos) { sorted_row_ids[pos] =
+  /// row_id; }
+  ///
+  /// After Execution
+  /// sorted_row_ids: [2, 0, 3, 4, 5, 1]
+  /// prtn_ranges: [0, 1, 5, 6]
+  template 
+  static void Eval(int64_t num_rows, int num_prtns, uint16_t* prtn_ranges,
+                   INPUT_PRTN_ID_FN prtn_id_impl, OUTPUT_POS_FN output_pos_impl) {
+    ARROW_DCHECK(num_rows > 0 && num_rows <= (1 << 15));
+    ARROW_DCHECK(num_prtns >= 1 && num_prtns <= (1 << 15));
+
+    memset(prtn_ranges, 0, (num_prtns + 1) * sizeof(uint16_t));
+
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+      int prtn_id = static_cast(prtn_id_impl(i));
+      ++prtn_ranges[prtn_id + 1];
+    }
+
+    uint16_t sum = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_prtns; ++i) {
+      uint16_t sum_next = sum + prtn_ranges[i + 1];
+      prtn_ranges[i + 1] = sum;
+      sum = sum_next;
+    }
+
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+      int prtn_id = static_cast(prtn_id_impl(i));
+      int pos = prtn_ranges[prtn_id + 1]++;
+      output_pos_impl(i, pos);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+/// \brief A control for synchronizing threads on a partitionable workload
+class PartitionLocks {
+ public:
+  PartitionLocks();
+  ~PartitionLocks();
+  /// \brief Initializes the control, must be called before use
+  ///
+  /// \param num_threads Maximum number of threads that will access the partitions
+  /// \param num_prtns Number of partitions to synchronize
+  void Init(size_t num_threads, int num_prtns);
+  /// \brief Cleans up the control, it should not be used after this call
+  void CleanUp();
+  /// \brief Acquire a partition to work on one
+  ///
+  /// \param thread_id The index of the thread trying to acquire the partition lock
+  /// \param num_prtns Length of prtns_to_try, must be <= num_prtns used in Init
+  /// \param prtns_to_try An array of partitions that still have remaining work
+  /// \param limit_retries If false, this method will spinwait forever until success
+  /// \param max_retries Max times to attempt checking out work before returning false
+  /// \param[out] locked_prtn_id The id of the partition locked
+  /// \param[out] locked_prtn_id_pos The index of the partition locked in prtns_to_try
+  /// \return True if a partition was locked, false if max_retries was attempted
+  ///         without successfully acquiring a lock
+  ///
+  /// This method is thread safe
+  bool AcquirePartitionLock(size_t thread_id, int num_prtns, const int* prtns_to_try,
+                            bool limit_retries, int max_retries, int* locked_prtn_id,
+                            int* locked_prtn_id_pos);
+  /// \brief Release a partition so that other threads can work on it
+  void ReleasePartitionLock(int prtn_id);
+
+  // Executes (synchronously and using current thread) the same operation on a set of
+  // multiple partitions. Tries to minimize partition locking overhead by randomizing and
+  // adjusting order in which partitions are processed.
+  //
+  // PROCESS_PRTN_FN is a callback which will be executed for each partition after
+  // acquiring the lock for that partition. It gets partition id as an argument.
+  // IS_PRTN_EMPTY_FN is a callback which filters out (when returning true) partitions
+  // with specific ids from processing.
+  //
+  template 
+  Status ForEachPartition(size_t thread_id,
+                          /*scratch space buffer with space for one element per partition;
+                             dirty in and dirty out*/
+                          int* temp_unprocessed_prtns, IS_PRTN_EMPTY_FN is_prtn_empty_fn,
+                          PROCESS_PRTN_FN process_prtn_fn) {
+    int num_unprocessed_partitions = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_prtns_; ++i) {
+      bool is_prtn_empty = is_prtn_empty_fn(i);
+      if (!is_prtn_empty) {
+        temp_unprocessed_prtns[num_unprocessed_partitions++] = i;
+      }
+    }
+    while (num_unprocessed_partitions > 0) {
+      int locked_prtn_id;
+      int locked_prtn_id_pos;
+      AcquirePartitionLock(thread_id, num_unprocessed_partitions, temp_unprocessed_prtns,
+                           /*limit_retries=*/false, /*max_retries=*/-1, &locked_prtn_id,
+                           &locked_prtn_id_pos);
+      {
+        class AutoReleaseLock {
+         public:
+          AutoReleaseLock(PartitionLocks* locks, int prtn_id)
+              : locks(locks), prtn_id(prtn_id) {}
+          ~AutoReleaseLock() { locks->ReleasePartitionLock(prtn_id); }
+          PartitionLocks* locks;
+          int prtn_id;
+        } auto_release_lock(this, locked_prtn_id);
+        ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(process_prtn_fn(locked_prtn_id));
+      }
+      if (locked_prtn_id_pos < num_unprocessed_partitions - 1) {
+        temp_unprocessed_prtns[locked_prtn_id_pos] =
+            temp_unprocessed_prtns[num_unprocessed_partitions - 1];
+      }
+      --num_unprocessed_partitions;
+    }
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::atomic* lock_ptr(int prtn_id);
+  int random_int(size_t thread_id, int num_values);
+
+  struct PartitionLock {
+    static constexpr int kCacheLineBytes = 64;
+    std::atomic lock;
+    uint8_t padding[kCacheLineBytes];
+  };
+  int num_prtns_;
+  std::unique_ptr locks_;
+  std::unique_ptr rngs_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/pch.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/pch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ddb4c120f2a877ffb794b8443f8af1f7707d2cf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/pch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// Often-used headers, for precompiling.
+// If updating this header, please make sure you check compilation speed
+// before checking in.  Adding headers which are not used extremely often
+// may incur a slowdown, since it makes the precompiled header heavier to load.
+
+#include "arrow/pch.h"
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/query_context.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/query_context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3eff299439828e602558e5ebc278660bb7ce37eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/query_context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/exec_plan.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/task_util.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/util.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec.h"
+#include "arrow/io/interfaces.h"
+#include "arrow/util/async_util.h"
+#include "arrow/util/type_fwd.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+using compute::default_exec_context;
+using io::IOContext;
+
+namespace acero {
+
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT QueryContext {
+ public:
+  QueryContext(QueryOptions opts = {},
+               ExecContext exec_context = *default_exec_context());
+
+  Status Init(arrow::util::AsyncTaskScheduler* scheduler);
+
+  const ::arrow::internal::CpuInfo* cpu_info() const;
+  int64_t hardware_flags() const;
+  const QueryOptions& options() const { return options_; }
+  MemoryPool* memory_pool() const { return exec_context_.memory_pool(); }
+  ::arrow::internal::Executor* executor() const { return exec_context_.executor(); }
+  ExecContext* exec_context() { return &exec_context_; }
+  IOContext* io_context() { return &io_context_; }
+  TaskScheduler* scheduler() { return task_scheduler_.get(); }
+  arrow::util::AsyncTaskScheduler* async_scheduler() { return async_scheduler_; }
+
+  size_t GetThreadIndex();
+  size_t max_concurrency() const;
+
+  /// \brief Start an external task
+  ///
+  /// This should be avoided if possible.  It is kept in for now for legacy
+  /// purposes.  This should be called before the external task is started.  If
+  /// a valid future is returned then it should be marked complete when the
+  /// external task has finished.
+  ///
+  /// \param name A name to give the task for traceability and debugging
+  ///
+  /// \return an invalid future if the plan has already ended, otherwise this
+  ///         returns a future that must be completed when the external task
+  ///         finishes.
+  Result> BeginExternalTask(std::string_view name);
+
+  /// \brief Add a single function as a task to the query's task group
+  ///        on the compute threadpool.
+  ///
+  /// \param fn The task to run. Takes no arguments and returns a Status.
+  /// \param name A name to give the task for traceability and debugging
+  void ScheduleTask(std::function fn, std::string_view name);
+  /// \brief Add a single function as a task to the query's task group
+  ///        on the compute threadpool.
+  ///
+  /// \param fn The task to run. Takes the thread index and returns a Status.
+  /// \param name A name to give the task for traceability and debugging
+  void ScheduleTask(std::function fn, std::string_view name);
+  /// \brief Add a single function as a task to the query's task group on
+  ///        the IO thread pool
+  ///
+  /// \param fn The task to run. Returns a status.
+  /// \param name A name to give the task for traceability and debugging
+  void ScheduleIOTask(std::function fn, std::string_view name);
+
+  // Register/Start TaskGroup is a way of performing a "Parallel For" pattern:
+  // - The task function takes the thread index and the index of the task
+  // - The on_finished function takes the thread index
+  // Returns an integer ID that will be used to reference the task group in
+  // StartTaskGroup. At runtime, call StartTaskGroup with the ID and the number of times
+  // you'd like the task to be executed. The need to register a task group before use will
+  // be removed after we rewrite the scheduler.
+  /// \brief Register a "parallel for" task group with the scheduler
+  ///
+  /// \param task The function implementing the task. Takes the thread_index and
+  ///             the task index.
+  /// \param on_finished The function that gets run once all tasks have been completed.
+  /// Takes the thread_index.
+  ///
+  /// Must be called inside of ExecNode::Init.
+  int RegisterTaskGroup(std::function task,
+                        std::function on_finished);
+
+  /// \brief Start the task group with the specified ID. This can only
+  ///        be called once per task_group_id.
+  ///
+  /// \param task_group_id The ID  of the task group to run
+  /// \param num_tasks The number of times to run the task
+  Status StartTaskGroup(int task_group_id, int64_t num_tasks);
+
+  // This is an RAII class for keeping track of in-flight file IO. Useful for getting
+  // an estimate of memory use, and how much memory we expect to be freed soon.
+  // Returned by ReportTempFileIO.
+  struct [[nodiscard]] TempFileIOMark {
+    QueryContext* ctx_;
+    size_t bytes_;
+
+    TempFileIOMark(QueryContext* ctx, size_t bytes) : ctx_(ctx), bytes_(bytes) {
+      ctx_->in_flight_bytes_to_disk_.fetch_add(bytes_, std::memory_order_acquire);
+    }
+
+    ARROW_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TempFileIOMark);
+
+    ~TempFileIOMark() {
+      ctx_->in_flight_bytes_to_disk_.fetch_sub(bytes_, std::memory_order_release);
+    }
+  };
+
+  TempFileIOMark ReportTempFileIO(size_t bytes) { return {this, bytes}; }
+
+  size_t GetCurrentTempFileIO() { return in_flight_bytes_to_disk_.load(); }
+
+ private:
+  QueryOptions options_;
+  // To be replaced with Acero-specific context once scheduler is done and
+  // we don't need ExecContext for kernels
+  ExecContext exec_context_;
+  IOContext io_context_;
+
+  arrow::util::AsyncTaskScheduler* async_scheduler_ = NULLPTR;
+  std::unique_ptr task_scheduler_ = TaskScheduler::Make();
+
+  ThreadIndexer thread_indexer_;
+
+  std::atomic in_flight_bytes_to_disk_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/schema_util.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/schema_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db3076a58841a6cb85fcc3d5033ef3b74ed18898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/schema_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/type.h"  // for DataType, FieldRef, Field and Schema
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+using internal::checked_cast;
+
+namespace acero {
+
+// Identifiers for all different row schemas that are used in a join
+//
+enum class HashJoinProjection : int {
+  INPUT = 0,
+  KEY = 1,
+  PAYLOAD = 2,
+  FILTER = 3,
+  OUTPUT = 4
+};
+
+struct SchemaProjectionMap {
+  static constexpr int kMissingField = -1;
+  int num_cols;
+  const int* source_to_base;
+  const int* base_to_target;
+  inline int get(int i) const {
+    assert(i >= 0 && i < num_cols);
+    assert(source_to_base[i] != kMissingField);
+    return base_to_target[source_to_base[i]];
+  }
+};
+
+/// Helper class for managing different projections of the same row schema.
+/// Used to efficiently map any field in one projection to a corresponding field in
+/// another projection.
+/// Materialized mappings are generated lazily at the time of the first access.
+/// Thread-safe apart from initialization.
+template 
+class SchemaProjectionMaps {
+ public:
+  static constexpr int kMissingField = -1;
+
+  Status Init(ProjectionIdEnum full_schema_handle, const Schema& schema,
+              const std::vector& projection_handles,
+              const std::vector*>& projections) {
+    assert(projection_handles.size() == projections.size());
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(RegisterSchema(full_schema_handle, schema));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < projections.size(); ++i) {
+      ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+          RegisterProjectedSchema(projection_handles[i], *(projections[i]), schema));
+    }
+    RegisterEnd();
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  int num_cols(ProjectionIdEnum schema_handle) const {
+    int id = schema_id(schema_handle);
+    return static_cast(schemas_[id].second.data_types.size());
+  }
+
+  bool is_empty(ProjectionIdEnum schema_handle) const {
+    return num_cols(schema_handle) == 0;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& field_name(ProjectionIdEnum schema_handle, int field_id) const {
+    int id = schema_id(schema_handle);
+    return schemas_[id].second.field_names[field_id];
+  }
+
+  const std::shared_ptr& data_type(ProjectionIdEnum schema_handle,
+                                             int field_id) const {
+    int id = schema_id(schema_handle);
+    return schemas_[id].second.data_types[field_id];
+  }
+
+  const std::vector>& data_types(
+      ProjectionIdEnum schema_handle) const {
+    int id = schema_id(schema_handle);
+    return schemas_[id].second.data_types;
+  }
+
+  SchemaProjectionMap map(ProjectionIdEnum from, ProjectionIdEnum to) const {
+    int id_from = schema_id(from);
+    int id_to = schema_id(to);
+    SchemaProjectionMap result;
+    result.num_cols = num_cols(from);
+    result.source_to_base = mappings_[id_from].data();
+    result.base_to_target = inverse_mappings_[id_to].data();
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  struct FieldInfos {
+    std::vector field_paths;
+    std::vector field_names;
+    std::vector> data_types;
+  };
+
+  Status RegisterSchema(ProjectionIdEnum handle, const Schema& schema) {
+    FieldInfos out_fields;
+    const FieldVector& in_fields = schema.fields();
+    out_fields.field_paths.resize(in_fields.size());
+    out_fields.field_names.resize(in_fields.size());
+    out_fields.data_types.resize(in_fields.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < in_fields.size(); ++i) {
+      const std::string& name = in_fields[i]->name();
+      const std::shared_ptr& type = in_fields[i]->type();
+      out_fields.field_paths[i] = static_cast(i);
+      out_fields.field_names[i] = name;
+      out_fields.data_types[i] = type;
+    }
+    schemas_.push_back(std::make_pair(handle, out_fields));
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  Status RegisterProjectedSchema(ProjectionIdEnum handle,
+                                 const std::vector& selected_fields,
+                                 const Schema& full_schema) {
+    FieldInfos out_fields;
+    const FieldVector& in_fields = full_schema.fields();
+    out_fields.field_paths.resize(selected_fields.size());
+    out_fields.field_names.resize(selected_fields.size());
+    out_fields.data_types.resize(selected_fields.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < selected_fields.size(); ++i) {
+      // All fields must be found in schema without ambiguity
+      ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto match, selected_fields[i].FindOne(full_schema));
+      const std::string& name = in_fields[match[0]]->name();
+      const std::shared_ptr& type = in_fields[match[0]]->type();
+      out_fields.field_paths[i] = match[0];
+      out_fields.field_names[i] = name;
+      out_fields.data_types[i] = type;
+    }
+    schemas_.push_back(std::make_pair(handle, out_fields));
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  void RegisterEnd() {
+    size_t size = schemas_.size();
+    mappings_.resize(size);
+    inverse_mappings_.resize(size);
+    int id_base = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+      GenerateMapForProjection(static_cast(i), id_base);
+    }
+  }
+
+  int schema_id(ProjectionIdEnum schema_handle) const {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < schemas_.size(); ++i) {
+      if (schemas_[i].first == schema_handle) {
+        return static_cast(i);
+      }
+    }
+    // We should never get here
+    assert(false);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  void GenerateMapForProjection(int id_proj, int id_base) {
+    int num_cols_proj = static_cast(schemas_[id_proj].second.data_types.size());
+    int num_cols_base = static_cast(schemas_[id_base].second.data_types.size());
+
+    std::vector& mapping = mappings_[id_proj];
+    std::vector& inverse_mapping = inverse_mappings_[id_proj];
+    mapping.resize(num_cols_proj);
+    inverse_mapping.resize(num_cols_base);
+
+    if (id_proj == id_base) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < num_cols_base; ++i) {
+        mapping[i] = inverse_mapping[i] = i;
+      }
+    } else {
+      const FieldInfos& fields_proj = schemas_[id_proj].second;
+      const FieldInfos& fields_base = schemas_[id_base].second;
+      for (int i = 0; i < num_cols_base; ++i) {
+        inverse_mapping[i] = SchemaProjectionMap::kMissingField;
+      }
+      for (int i = 0; i < num_cols_proj; ++i) {
+        int field_id = SchemaProjectionMap::kMissingField;
+        for (int j = 0; j < num_cols_base; ++j) {
+          if (fields_proj.field_paths[i] == fields_base.field_paths[j]) {
+            field_id = j;
+            // If there are multiple matches for the same input field,
+            // it will be mapped to the first match.
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        assert(field_id != SchemaProjectionMap::kMissingField);
+        mapping[i] = field_id;
+        inverse_mapping[field_id] = i;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // vector used as a mapping from ProjectionIdEnum to fields
+  std::vector> schemas_;
+  std::vector> mappings_;
+  std::vector> inverse_mappings_;
+};
+
+using HashJoinProjectionMaps = SchemaProjectionMaps;
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/task_util.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/task_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbd4af699d12795bd92bd385f23a036d63adde38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/task_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/visibility.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/util/config.h"
+#include "arrow/util/logging.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace acero {
+
+// Atomic value surrounded by padding bytes to avoid cache line invalidation
+// whenever it is modified by a concurrent thread on a different CPU core.
+//
+template 
+class AtomicWithPadding {
+ private:
+  static constexpr int kCacheLineSize = 64;
+  uint8_t padding_before[kCacheLineSize];
+
+ public:
+  std::atomic value;
+
+ private:
+  uint8_t padding_after[kCacheLineSize];
+};
+
+// Used for asynchronous execution of operations that can be broken into
+// a fixed number of symmetric tasks that can be executed concurrently.
+//
+// Implements priorities between multiple such operations, called task groups.
+//
+// Allows to specify the maximum number of in-flight tasks at any moment.
+//
+// Also allows for executing next pending tasks immediately using a caller thread.
+//
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT TaskScheduler {
+ public:
+  using TaskImpl = std::function;
+  using TaskGroupContinuationImpl = std::function;
+  using ScheduleImpl = std::function;
+  using AbortContinuationImpl = std::function;
+
+  virtual ~TaskScheduler() = default;
+
+  // Order in which task groups are registered represents priorities of their tasks
+  // (the first group has the highest priority).
+  //
+  // Returns task group identifier that is used to request operations on the task group.
+  virtual int RegisterTaskGroup(TaskImpl task_impl,
+                                TaskGroupContinuationImpl cont_impl) = 0;
+
+  virtual void RegisterEnd() = 0;
+
+  // total_num_tasks may be zero, in which case task group continuation will be executed
+  // immediately
+  virtual Status StartTaskGroup(size_t thread_id, int group_id,
+                                int64_t total_num_tasks) = 0;
+
+  // Execute given number of tasks immediately using caller thread
+  virtual Status ExecuteMore(size_t thread_id, int num_tasks_to_execute,
+                             bool execute_all) = 0;
+
+  // Begin scheduling tasks using provided callback and
+  // the limit on the number of in-flight tasks at any moment.
+  //
+  // Scheduling will continue as long as there are waiting tasks.
+  //
+  // It will automatically resume whenever new task group gets started.
+  virtual Status StartScheduling(size_t thread_id, ScheduleImpl schedule_impl,
+                                 int num_concurrent_tasks, bool use_sync_execution) = 0;
+
+  // Abort scheduling and execution.
+  // Used in case of being notified about unrecoverable error for the entire query.
+  virtual void Abort(AbortContinuationImpl impl) = 0;
+
+  static std::unique_ptr Make();
+};
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/test_nodes.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/test_nodes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e31aa31b34d7b423ab85ff2e77c1cec0087fa5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/test_nodes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/options.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/test_util_internal.h"
+#include "arrow/testing/random.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace acero {
+
+// \brief Make a delaying source that is optionally noisy (prints when it emits)
+AsyncGenerator> MakeDelayedGen(
+    Iterator> src, std::string label, double delay_sec,
+    bool noisy = false);
+
+// \brief Make a delaying source that is optionally noisy (prints when it emits)
+AsyncGenerator> MakeDelayedGen(
+    AsyncGenerator> src, std::string label, double delay_sec,
+    bool noisy = false);
+
+// \brief Make a delaying source that is optionally noisy (prints when it emits)
+AsyncGenerator> MakeDelayedGen(BatchesWithSchema src,
+                                                        std::string label,
+                                                        double delay_sec,
+                                                        bool noisy = false);
+
+/// A node that slightly resequences the input at random
+struct JitterNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+  random::SeedType seed;
+  /// The max amount to add to a node's "cost".
+  int max_jitter_modifier;
+
+  explicit JitterNodeOptions(random::SeedType seed, int max_jitter_modifier = 5)
+      : seed(seed), max_jitter_modifier(max_jitter_modifier) {}
+  static constexpr std::string_view kName = "jitter";
+};
+
+class GateImpl;
+
+class Gate {
+ public:
+  static std::shared_ptr Make();
+
+  Gate();
+  virtual ~Gate();
+
+  void ReleaseAllBatches();
+  void ReleaseOneBatch();
+  Future<> WaitForNextReleasedBatch();
+
+ private:
+  ARROW_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Gate);
+
+  GateImpl* impl_;
+};
+
+// A node that holds all input batches until a given gate is released
+struct GatedNodeOptions : public ExecNodeOptions {
+  explicit GatedNodeOptions(Gate* gate) : gate(gate) {}
+  Gate* gate;
+
+  static constexpr std::string_view kName = "gated";
+};
+
+void RegisterTestNodes();
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/time_series_util.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/time_series_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97707f43bf20b95387f463a9c07e37f54c33998c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/time_series_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "arrow/record_batch.h"
+#include "arrow/type_traits.h"
+
+namespace arrow::acero {
+
+// normalize the value to unsigned 64-bits while preserving ordering of values
+template ::value, bool> = true>
+uint64_t NormalizeTime(T t);
+
+uint64_t GetTime(const RecordBatch* batch, Type::type time_type, int col, uint64_t row);
+
+}  // namespace arrow::acero
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/tpch_node.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/tpch_node.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6476b57ad6b4108af56777c029d932f4af94726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/tpch_node.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/visibility.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace acero {
+namespace internal {
+
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT TpchGen {
+ public:
+  virtual ~TpchGen() = default;
+
+  /*
+   * \brief Create a factory for nodes that generate TPC-H data
+   *
+   * Note: Individual tables will reference each other.  It is important that you only
+   * create a single TpchGen instance for each plan and then you can create nodes for each
+   * table from that single TpchGen instance. Note: Every batch will be scheduled as a new
+   * task using the ExecPlan's scheduler.
+   */
+  static Result> Make(
+      ExecPlan* plan, double scale_factor = 1.0, int64_t batch_size = 4096,
+      std::optional seed = std::nullopt);
+
+  // The below methods will create and add an ExecNode to the plan that generates
+  // data for the desired table. If columns is empty, all columns will be generated.
+  // The methods return the added ExecNode, which should be used for inputs.
+  virtual Result Supplier(std::vector columns = {}) = 0;
+  virtual Result Part(std::vector columns = {}) = 0;
+  virtual Result PartSupp(std::vector columns = {}) = 0;
+  virtual Result Customer(std::vector columns = {}) = 0;
+  virtual Result Orders(std::vector columns = {}) = 0;
+  virtual Result Lineitem(std::vector columns = {}) = 0;
+  virtual Result Nation(std::vector columns = {}) = 0;
+  virtual Result Region(std::vector columns = {}) = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/type_fwd.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/type_fwd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0410de9f7830a7d0e55a04eb514ae9d82e6958c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/type_fwd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "arrow/compute/type_fwd.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+namespace acero {
+
+class ExecNode;
+class ExecPlan;
+class ExecNodeOptions;
+class ExecFactoryRegistry;
+class QueryContext;
+struct QueryOptions;
+struct Declaration;
+class SinkNodeConsumer;
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/util.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee46e8527422abae4f97804058639593dd6b159c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/acero/options.h"
+#include "arrow/acero/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/buffer.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/expression.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/util.h"
+#include "arrow/memory_pool.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/util/bit_util.h"
+#include "arrow/util/cpu_info.h"
+#include "arrow/util/logging.h"
+#include "arrow/util/mutex.h"
+#include "arrow/util/thread_pool.h"
+#include "arrow/util/type_fwd.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+namespace acero {
+
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT
+Status ValidateExecNodeInputs(ExecPlan* plan, const std::vector& inputs,
+                              int expected_num_inputs, const char* kind_name);
+
+ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT
+Result> TableFromExecBatches(
+    const std::shared_ptr& schema, const std::vector& exec_batches);
+
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT AtomicCounter {
+ public:
+  AtomicCounter() = default;
+
+  int count() const { return count_.load(); }
+
+  std::optional total() const {
+    int total = total_.load();
+    if (total == -1) return {};
+    return total;
+  }
+
+  // return true if the counter is complete
+  bool Increment() {
+    ARROW_DCHECK_NE(count_.load(), total_.load());
+    int count = count_.fetch_add(1) + 1;
+    if (count != total_.load()) return false;
+    return DoneOnce();
+  }
+
+  // return true if the counter is complete
+  bool SetTotal(int total) {
+    total_.store(total);
+    if (count_.load() != total) return false;
+    return DoneOnce();
+  }
+
+  // return true if the counter has not already been completed
+  bool Cancel() { return DoneOnce(); }
+
+  // return true if the counter has finished or been cancelled
+  bool Completed() { return complete_.load(); }
+
+ private:
+  // ensure there is only one true return from Increment(), SetTotal(), or Cancel()
+  bool DoneOnce() {
+    bool expected = false;
+    return complete_.compare_exchange_strong(expected, true);
+  }
+
+  std::atomic count_{0}, total_{-1};
+  std::atomic complete_{false};
+};
+
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT ThreadIndexer {
+ public:
+  size_t operator()();
+
+  static size_t Capacity();
+
+ private:
+  static size_t Check(size_t thread_index);
+
+  arrow::util::Mutex mutex_;
+  std::unordered_map id_to_index_;
+};
+
+/// \brief A consumer that collects results into an in-memory table
+struct ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT TableSinkNodeConsumer : public SinkNodeConsumer {
+ public:
+  TableSinkNodeConsumer(std::shared_ptr
* out, MemoryPool* pool)
+      : out_(out), pool_(pool) {}
+  Status Init(const std::shared_ptr& schema,
+              BackpressureControl* backpressure_control, ExecPlan* plan) override;
+  Status Consume(ExecBatch batch) override;
+  Future<> Finish() override;
+
+ private:
+  std::shared_ptr
* out_;
+  MemoryPool* pool_;
+  std::shared_ptr schema_;
+  std::vector> batches_;
+  arrow::util::Mutex consume_mutex_;
+};
+
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT NullSinkNodeConsumer : public SinkNodeConsumer {
+ public:
+  Status Init(const std::shared_ptr&, BackpressureControl*,
+              ExecPlan* plan) override {
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+  Status Consume(ExecBatch exec_batch) override { return Status::OK(); }
+  Future<> Finish() override { return Status::OK(); }
+
+ public:
+  static std::shared_ptr Make() {
+    return std::make_shared();
+  }
+};
+
+/// CRTP helper for tracing helper functions
+
+class ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT TracedNode {
+ public:
+  // All nodes should call TraceStartProducing or NoteStartProducing exactly once
+  // Most nodes will be fine with a call to NoteStartProducing since the StartProducing
+  // call is usually fairly cheap and simply schedules tasks to fetch the actual data.
+
+  explicit TracedNode(ExecNode* node) : node_(node) {}
+
+  // Create a span to record the StartProducing work
+  [[nodiscard]] ::arrow::internal::tracing::Scope TraceStartProducing(
+      std::string extra_details) const;
+
+  // Record a call to StartProducing without creating with a span
+  void NoteStartProducing(std::string extra_details) const;
+
+  // All nodes should call TraceInputReceived for each batch they receive.  This call
+  // should track the time spent processing the batch.  NoteInputReceived is available
+  // but usually won't be used unless a node is simply adding batches to a trivial queue.
+
+  // Create a span to record the InputReceived work
+  [[nodiscard]] ::arrow::internal::tracing::Scope TraceInputReceived(
+      const ExecBatch& batch) const;
+
+  // Record a call to InputReceived without creating with a span
+  void NoteInputReceived(const ExecBatch& batch) const;
+
+  // Create a span to record any "finish" work.  This should NOT be called as part of
+  // InputFinished and many nodes may not need to call this at all.  This should be used
+  // when a node has some extra work that has to be done once it has received all of its
+  // data.  For example, an aggregation node calculating aggregations.  This will
+  // typically be called as a result of InputFinished OR InputReceived.
+  [[nodiscard]] ::arrow::internal::tracing::Scope TraceFinish() const;
+
+ private:
+  ExecNode* node_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace acero
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/visibility.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/visibility.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21a697a56eca962602b34b2766d74442d185c3d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/acero/visibility.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// This API is EXPERIMENTAL.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#  if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    pragma warning(push)
+#    pragma warning(disable : 4251)
+#  else
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wattributes"
+#  endif
+
+#  ifdef ARROW_ACERO_STATIC
+#    define ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT
+#  elif defined(ARROW_ACERO_EXPORTING)
+#    define ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#  else
+#    define ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+#  endif
+
+#  define ARROW_ACERO_NO_EXPORT
+#else  // Not Windows
+#  ifndef ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT
+#    define ARROW_ACERO_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#  endif
+#  ifndef ARROW_ACERO_NO_EXPORT
+#    define ARROW_ACERO_NO_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
+#  endif
+#endif  // Not-Windows
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/adapters/orc/adapter.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/adapters/orc/adapter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ffff81f355f1ddcdc19516746c61b8021477de4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/adapters/orc/adapter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/adapters/orc/options.h"
+#include "arrow/io/interfaces.h"
+#include "arrow/memory_pool.h"
+#include "arrow/record_batch.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/type.h"
+#include "arrow/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace adapters {
+namespace orc {
+
+/// \brief Information about an ORC stripe
+struct StripeInformation {
+  /// \brief Offset of the stripe from the start of the file, in bytes
+  int64_t offset;
+  /// \brief Length of the stripe, in bytes
+  int64_t length;
+  /// \brief Number of rows in the stripe
+  int64_t num_rows;
+  /// \brief Index of the first row of the stripe
+  int64_t first_row_id;
+};
+
+/// \class ORCFileReader
+/// \brief Read an Arrow Table or RecordBatch from an ORC file.
+class ARROW_EXPORT ORCFileReader {
+ public:
+  ~ORCFileReader();
+
+  /// \brief Creates a new ORC reader
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] file the data source
+  /// \param[in] pool a MemoryPool to use for buffer allocations
+  /// \return the returned reader object
+  static Result> Open(
+      const std::shared_ptr& file, MemoryPool* pool);
+
+  /// \brief Return the schema read from the ORC file
+  ///
+  /// \return the returned Schema object
+  Result> ReadSchema();
+
+  /// \brief Read the file as a Table
+  ///
+  /// The table will be composed of one record batch per stripe.
+  ///
+  /// \return the returned Table
+  Result> Read();
+
+  /// \brief Read the file as a Table
+  ///
+  /// The table will be composed of one record batch per stripe.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] schema the Table schema
+  /// \return the returned Table
+  Result> Read(const std::shared_ptr& schema);
+
+  /// \brief Read the file as a Table
+  ///
+  /// The table will be composed of one record batch per stripe.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] include_indices the selected field indices to read
+  /// \return the returned Table
+  Result> Read(const std::vector& include_indices);
+
+  /// \brief Read the file as a Table
+  ///
+  /// The table will be composed of one record batch per stripe.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] include_names the selected field names to read
+  /// \return the returned Table
+  Result> Read(const std::vector& include_names);
+
+  /// \brief Read the file as a Table
+  ///
+  /// The table will be composed of one record batch per stripe.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] schema the Table schema
+  /// \param[in] include_indices the selected field indices to read
+  /// \return the returned Table
+  Result> Read(const std::shared_ptr& schema,
+                                      const std::vector& include_indices);
+
+  /// \brief Read a single stripe as a RecordBatch
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] stripe the stripe index
+  /// \return the returned RecordBatch
+  Result> ReadStripe(int64_t stripe);
+
+  /// \brief Read a single stripe as a RecordBatch
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] stripe the stripe index
+  /// \param[in] include_indices the selected field indices to read
+  /// \return the returned RecordBatch
+  Result> ReadStripe(
+      int64_t stripe, const std::vector& include_indices);
+
+  /// \brief Read a single stripe as a RecordBatch
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] stripe the stripe index
+  /// \param[in] include_names the selected field names to read
+  /// \return the returned RecordBatch
+  Result> ReadStripe(
+      int64_t stripe, const std::vector& include_names);
+
+  /// \brief Seek to designated row. Invoke NextStripeReader() after seek
+  ///        will return stripe reader starting from designated row.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] row_number the rows number to seek
+  Status Seek(int64_t row_number);
+
+  /// \brief Get a stripe level record batch iterator.
+  ///
+  /// Each record batch will have up to `batch_size` rows.
+  /// NextStripeReader serves as a fine-grained alternative to ReadStripe
+  /// which may cause OOM issues by loading the whole stripe into memory.
+  ///
+  /// Note this will only read rows for the current stripe, not the entire
+  /// file.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] batch_size the maximum number of rows in each record batch
+  /// \return the returned stripe reader
+  Result> NextStripeReader(int64_t batch_size);
+
+  /// \brief Get a stripe level record batch iterator.
+  ///
+  /// Each record batch will have up to `batch_size` rows.
+  /// NextStripeReader serves as a fine-grained alternative to ReadStripe
+  /// which may cause OOM issues by loading the whole stripe into memory.
+  ///
+  /// Note this will only read rows for the current stripe, not the entire
+  /// file.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] batch_size the maximum number of rows in each record batch
+  /// \param[in] include_indices the selected field indices to read
+  /// \return the stripe reader
+  Result> NextStripeReader(
+      int64_t batch_size, const std::vector& include_indices);
+
+  /// \brief Get a record batch iterator for the entire file.
+  ///
+  /// Each record batch will have up to `batch_size` rows.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] batch_size the maximum number of rows in each record batch
+  /// \param[in] include_names the selected field names to read, if not empty
+  /// (otherwise all fields are read)
+  /// \return the record batch iterator
+  Result> GetRecordBatchReader(
+      int64_t batch_size, const std::vector& include_names);
+
+  /// \brief The number of stripes in the file
+  int64_t NumberOfStripes();
+
+  /// \brief The number of rows in the file
+  int64_t NumberOfRows();
+
+  /// \brief StripeInformation for each stripe.
+  StripeInformation GetStripeInformation(int64_t stripe);
+
+  /// \brief Get the format version of the file.
+  ///         Currently known values are 0.11 and 0.12.
+  ///
+  /// \return The FileVersion of the ORC file.
+  FileVersion GetFileVersion();
+
+  /// \brief Get the software instance and version that wrote this file.
+  ///
+  /// \return a user-facing string that specifies the software version
+  std::string GetSoftwareVersion();
+
+  /// \brief Get the compression kind of the file.
+  ///
+  /// \return The kind of compression in the ORC file.
+  Result GetCompression();
+
+  /// \brief Get the buffer size for the compression.
+  ///
+  /// \return Number of bytes to buffer for the compression codec.
+  int64_t GetCompressionSize();
+
+  /// \brief Get the number of rows per an entry in the row index.
+  /// \return the number of rows per an entry in the row index or 0 if there
+  ///          is no row index.
+  int64_t GetRowIndexStride();
+
+  /// \brief Get ID of writer that generated the file.
+  ///
+  /// \return UNKNOWN_WRITER if the writer ID is undefined
+  WriterId GetWriterId();
+
+  /// \brief Get the writer id value when getWriterId() returns an unknown writer.
+  ///
+  /// \return the integer value of the writer ID.
+  int32_t GetWriterIdValue();
+
+  /// \brief Get the version of the writer.
+  ///
+  /// \return the version of the writer.
+
+  WriterVersion GetWriterVersion();
+
+  /// \brief Get the number of stripe statistics in the file.
+  ///
+  /// \return the number of stripe statistics
+  int64_t GetNumberOfStripeStatistics();
+
+  /// \brief Get the length of the data stripes in the file.
+  ///
+  /// \return return the number of bytes in stripes
+  int64_t GetContentLength();
+
+  /// \brief Get the length of the file stripe statistics.
+  ///
+  /// \return the number of compressed bytes in the file stripe statistics
+  int64_t GetStripeStatisticsLength();
+
+  /// \brief Get the length of the file footer.
+  ///
+  /// \return the number of compressed bytes in the file footer
+  int64_t GetFileFooterLength();
+
+  /// \brief Get the length of the file postscript.
+  ///
+  /// \return the number of bytes in the file postscript
+  int64_t GetFilePostscriptLength();
+
+  /// \brief Get the total length of the file.
+  ///
+  /// \return the number of bytes in the file
+  int64_t GetFileLength();
+
+  /// \brief Get the serialized file tail.
+  ///         Useful if another reader of the same file wants to avoid re-reading
+  ///         the file tail. See ReadOptions.SetSerializedFileTail().
+  ///
+  /// \return a string of bytes with the file tail
+  std::string GetSerializedFileTail();
+
+  /// \brief Return the metadata read from the ORC file
+  ///
+  /// \return A KeyValueMetadata object containing the ORC metadata
+  Result> ReadMetadata();
+
+ private:
+  class Impl;
+  std::unique_ptr impl_;
+  ORCFileReader();
+};
+
+/// \class ORCFileWriter
+/// \brief Write an Arrow Table or RecordBatch to an ORC file.
+class ARROW_EXPORT ORCFileWriter {
+ public:
+  ~ORCFileWriter();
+  /// \brief Creates a new ORC writer.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] output_stream a pointer to the io::OutputStream to write into
+  /// \param[in] write_options the ORC writer options for Arrow
+  /// \return the returned writer object
+  static Result> Open(
+      io::OutputStream* output_stream,
+      const WriteOptions& write_options = WriteOptions());
+
+  /// \brief Write a table. This can be called multiple times.
+  ///
+  /// Tables passed in subsequent calls must match the schema of the table that was
+  /// written first.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] table the Arrow table from which data is extracted.
+  /// \return Status
+  Status Write(const Table& table);
+
+  /// \brief Write a RecordBatch. This can be called multiple times.
+  ///
+  /// RecordBatches passed in subsequent calls must match the schema of the
+  /// RecordBatch that was written first.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] record_batch the Arrow RecordBatch from which data is extracted.
+  /// \return Status
+  Status Write(const RecordBatch& record_batch);
+
+  /// \brief Close an ORC writer (orc::Writer)
+  ///
+  /// \return Status
+  Status Close();
+
+ private:
+  class Impl;
+  std::unique_ptr impl_;
+
+ private:
+  ORCFileWriter();
+};
+
+}  // namespace orc
+}  // namespace adapters
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/adapters/orc/options.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/adapters/orc/options.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a300da678db98c24949203be7ab471a57502640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/adapters/orc/options.h
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/io/interfaces.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/util/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+namespace adapters {
+
+namespace orc {
+
+enum class WriterId : int32_t {
+  kOrcJava = 0,
+  kOrcCpp = 1,
+  kPresto = 2,
+  kScritchleyGo = 3,
+  kTrino = 4,
+  kUnknown = INT32_MAX
+};
+
+enum class WriterVersion : int32_t {
+  kOriginal = 0,
+  kHive8732 = 1,
+  kHive4243 = 2,
+  kHive12055 = 3,
+  kHive13083 = 4,
+  kOrc101 = 5,
+  kOrc135 = 6,
+  kOrc517 = 7,
+  kOrc203 = 8,
+  kOrc14 = 9,
+  kMax = INT32_MAX
+};
+
+enum class CompressionStrategy : int32_t { kSpeed = 0, kCompression };
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT FileVersion {
+ private:
+  int32_t major_version_;
+  int32_t minor_version_;
+
+ public:
+  static const FileVersion& v_0_11();
+  static const FileVersion& v_0_12();
+
+  FileVersion(int32_t major, int32_t minor)
+      : major_version_(major), minor_version_(minor) {}
+
+  /**
+   * Get major version
+   */
+  int32_t major_version() const { return this->major_version_; }
+
+  /**
+   * Get minor version
+   */
+  int32_t minor_version() const { return this->minor_version_; }
+
+  bool operator==(const FileVersion& right) const {
+    return this->major_version() == right.major_version() &&
+           this->minor_version() == right.minor_version();
+  }
+
+  bool operator!=(const FileVersion& right) const { return !(*this == right); }
+
+  std::string ToString() const;
+};
+
+/// Options for the ORC Writer
+struct ARROW_EXPORT WriteOptions {
+  /// Number of rows the ORC writer writes at a time, default 1024
+  int64_t batch_size = 1024;
+  /// Which ORC file version to use, default FileVersion(0, 12)
+  FileVersion file_version = FileVersion(0, 12);
+  /// Size of each ORC stripe in bytes, default 64 MiB
+  int64_t stripe_size = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
+  /// The compression codec of the ORC file, there is no compression by default
+  Compression::type compression = Compression::UNCOMPRESSED;
+  /// The size of each compression block in bytes, default 64 KiB
+  int64_t compression_block_size = 64 * 1024;
+  /// The compression strategy i.e. speed vs size reduction, default
+  /// CompressionStrategy::kSpeed
+  CompressionStrategy compression_strategy = CompressionStrategy::kSpeed;
+  /// The number of rows per an entry in the row index, default 10000
+  int64_t row_index_stride = 10000;
+  /// The padding tolerance, default 0.0
+  double padding_tolerance = 0.0;
+  /// The dictionary key size threshold. 0 to disable dictionary encoding.
+  /// 1 to always enable dictionary encoding, default 0.0
+  double dictionary_key_size_threshold = 0.0;
+  /// The array of columns that use the bloom filter, default empty
+  std::vector bloom_filter_columns;
+  /// The upper limit of the false-positive rate of the bloom filter, default 0.05
+  double bloom_filter_fpp = 0.05;
+};
+
+}  // namespace orc
+}  // namespace adapters
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/adapters/tensorflow/convert.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/adapters/tensorflow/convert.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d093eddf6b598150ddb55da0e84699a5b7ef4b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/adapters/tensorflow/convert.h
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+
+#include "tensorflow/core/framework/op.h"
+
+#include "arrow/type.h"
+
+// These utilities are supposed to be included in TensorFlow operators
+// that need to be compiled separately from Arrow because of ABI issues.
+// They therefore need to be header-only.
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+namespace adapters {
+
+namespace tensorflow {
+
+Status GetArrowType(::tensorflow::DataType dtype, std::shared_ptr* out) {
+  switch (dtype) {
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_BOOL:
+      *out = arrow::boolean();
+      break;
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_FLOAT:
+      *out = arrow::float32();
+      break;
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_DOUBLE:
+      *out = arrow::float64();
+      break;
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_HALF:
+      *out = arrow::float16();
+      break;
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_INT8:
+      *out = arrow::int8();
+      break;
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_INT16:
+      *out = arrow::int16();
+      break;
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_INT32:
+      *out = arrow::int32();
+      break;
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_INT64:
+      *out = arrow::int64();
+      break;
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_UINT8:
+      *out = arrow::uint8();
+      break;
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_UINT16:
+      *out = arrow::uint16();
+      break;
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_UINT32:
+      *out = arrow::uint32();
+      break;
+    case ::tensorflow::DT_UINT64:
+      *out = arrow::uint64();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return Status::TypeError("TensorFlow data type is not supported");
+  }
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+Status GetTensorFlowType(std::shared_ptr dtype, ::tensorflow::DataType* out) {
+  switch (dtype->id()) {
+    case Type::BOOL:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_BOOL;
+      break;
+    case Type::UINT8:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_UINT8;
+      break;
+    case Type::INT8:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_INT8;
+      break;
+    case Type::UINT16:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_UINT16;
+      break;
+    case Type::INT16:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_INT16;
+      break;
+    case Type::UINT32:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_UINT32;
+      break;
+    case Type::INT32:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_INT32;
+      break;
+    case Type::UINT64:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_UINT64;
+      break;
+    case Type::INT64:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_INT64;
+      break;
+    case Type::HALF_FLOAT:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_HALF;
+      break;
+    case Type::FLOAT:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_FLOAT;
+      break;
+    case Type::DOUBLE:
+      *out = ::tensorflow::DT_DOUBLE;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return Status::TypeError("Arrow data type is not supported");
+  }
+  return arrow::Status::OK();
+}
+
+}  // namespace tensorflow
+
+}  // namespace adapters
+
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/array.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/array.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d72ea9506a414fd6e50d5c7d0af437084045e05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/array.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// Kitchen-sink public API for arrow::Array data structures. C++ library code
+// (especially header files) in Apache Arrow should use more specific headers
+// unless it's a file that uses most or all Array types in which case using
+// arrow/array.h is fine.
+
+#pragma once
+
+/// \defgroup numeric-arrays Concrete classes for numeric arrays
+/// @{
+/// @}
+
+/// \defgroup binary-arrays Concrete classes for binary/string arrays
+/// @{
+/// @}
+
+/// \defgroup nested-arrays Concrete classes for nested arrays
+/// @{
+/// @}
+
+/// \defgroup run-end-encoded-arrays Concrete classes for run-end encoded arrays
+/// @{
+/// @}
+
+#include "arrow/array/array_base.h"       // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include "arrow/array/array_binary.h"     // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include "arrow/array/array_decimal.h"    // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include "arrow/array/array_dict.h"       // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include "arrow/array/array_nested.h"     // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include "arrow/array/array_primitive.h"  // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include "arrow/array/array_run_end.h"    // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include "arrow/array/data.h"             // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include "arrow/array/util.h"             // IWYU pragma: keep
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/buffer_builder.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/buffer_builder.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a84c98b6b24917faf53a821c5c3e5f62471bb9aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/buffer_builder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/buffer.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/util/bit_util.h"
+#include "arrow/util/bitmap_generate.h"
+#include "arrow/util/bitmap_ops.h"
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/ubsan.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Buffer builder classes
+
+/// \class BufferBuilder
+/// \brief A class for incrementally building a contiguous chunk of in-memory
+/// data
+class ARROW_EXPORT BufferBuilder {
+ public:
+  explicit BufferBuilder(MemoryPool* pool = default_memory_pool(),
+                         int64_t alignment = kDefaultBufferAlignment)
+      : pool_(pool),
+        data_(/*ensure never null to make ubsan happy and avoid check penalties below*/
+              util::MakeNonNull()),
+        capacity_(0),
+        size_(0),
+        alignment_(alignment) {}
+
+  /// \brief Constructs new Builder that will start using
+  /// the provided buffer until Finish/Reset are called.
+  /// The buffer is not resized.
+  explicit BufferBuilder(std::shared_ptr buffer,
+                         MemoryPool* pool = default_memory_pool(),
+                         int64_t alignment = kDefaultBufferAlignment)
+      : buffer_(std::move(buffer)),
+        pool_(pool),
+        data_(buffer_->mutable_data()),
+        capacity_(buffer_->capacity()),
+        size_(buffer_->size()),
+        alignment_(alignment) {}
+
+  /// \brief Resize the buffer to the nearest multiple of 64 bytes
+  ///
+  /// \param new_capacity the new capacity of the of the builder. Will be
+  /// rounded up to a multiple of 64 bytes for padding
+  /// \param shrink_to_fit if new capacity is smaller than the existing,
+  /// reallocate internal buffer. Set to false to avoid reallocations when
+  /// shrinking the builder.
+  /// \return Status
+  Status Resize(const int64_t new_capacity, bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    if (buffer_ == NULLPTR) {
+      ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(buffer_,
+                            AllocateResizableBuffer(new_capacity, alignment_, pool_));
+    } else {
+      ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(buffer_->Resize(new_capacity, shrink_to_fit));
+    }
+    capacity_ = buffer_->capacity();
+    data_ = buffer_->mutable_data();
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Ensure that builder can accommodate the additional number of bytes
+  /// without the need to perform allocations
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] additional_bytes number of additional bytes to make space for
+  /// \return Status
+  Status Reserve(const int64_t additional_bytes) {
+    auto min_capacity = size_ + additional_bytes;
+    if (min_capacity <= capacity_) {
+      return Status::OK();
+    }
+    return Resize(GrowByFactor(capacity_, min_capacity), false);
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Return a capacity expanded by the desired growth factor
+  static int64_t GrowByFactor(int64_t current_capacity, int64_t new_capacity) {
+    // Doubling capacity except for large Reserve requests. 2x growth strategy
+    // (versus 1.5x) seems to have slightly better performance when using
+    // jemalloc, but significantly better performance when using the system
+    // allocator. See ARROW-6450 for further discussion
+    return std::max(new_capacity, current_capacity * 2);
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Append the given data to the buffer
+  ///
+  /// The buffer is automatically expanded if necessary.
+  Status Append(const void* data, const int64_t length) {
+    if (ARROW_PREDICT_FALSE(size_ + length > capacity_)) {
+      ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(Resize(GrowByFactor(capacity_, size_ + length), false));
+    }
+    UnsafeAppend(data, length);
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Append the given data to the buffer
+  ///
+  /// The buffer is automatically expanded if necessary.
+  Status Append(std::string_view v) { return Append(v.data(), v.size()); }
+
+  /// \brief Append copies of a value to the buffer
+  ///
+  /// The buffer is automatically expanded if necessary.
+  Status Append(const int64_t num_copies, uint8_t value) {
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(Reserve(num_copies));
+    UnsafeAppend(num_copies, value);
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  // Advance pointer and zero out memory
+  Status Advance(const int64_t length) { return Append(length, 0); }
+
+  // Advance pointer, but don't allocate or zero memory
+  void UnsafeAdvance(const int64_t length) { size_ += length; }
+
+  // Unsafe methods don't check existing size
+  void UnsafeAppend(const void* data, const int64_t length) {
+    memcpy(data_ + size_, data, static_cast(length));
+    size_ += length;
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeAppend(std::string_view v) {
+    UnsafeAppend(v.data(), static_cast(v.size()));
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeAppend(const int64_t num_copies, uint8_t value) {
+    memset(data_ + size_, value, static_cast(num_copies));
+    size_ += num_copies;
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Return result of builder as a Buffer object.
+  ///
+  /// The builder is reset and can be reused afterwards.
+  ///
+  /// \param[out] out the finalized Buffer object
+  /// \param shrink_to_fit if the buffer size is smaller than its capacity,
+  /// reallocate to fit more tightly in memory. Set to false to avoid
+  /// a reallocation, at the expense of potentially more memory consumption.
+  /// \return Status
+  Status Finish(std::shared_ptr* out, bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(Resize(size_, shrink_to_fit));
+    if (size_ != 0) buffer_->ZeroPadding();
+    *out = buffer_;
+    if (*out == NULLPTR) {
+      ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(*out, AllocateBuffer(0, alignment_, pool_));
+    }
+    Reset();
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  Result> Finish(bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    std::shared_ptr out;
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(Finish(&out, shrink_to_fit));
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Like Finish, but override the final buffer size
+  ///
+  /// This is useful after writing data directly into the builder memory
+  /// without calling the Append methods (basically, when using BufferBuilder
+  /// mostly for memory allocation).
+  Result> FinishWithLength(int64_t final_length,
+                                                   bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    size_ = final_length;
+    return Finish(shrink_to_fit);
+  }
+
+  void Reset() {
+    buffer_ = NULLPTR;
+    capacity_ = size_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Set size to a smaller value without modifying builder
+  /// contents. For reusable BufferBuilder classes
+  /// \param[in] position must be non-negative and less than or equal
+  /// to the current length()
+  void Rewind(int64_t position) { size_ = position; }
+
+  int64_t capacity() const { return capacity_; }
+  int64_t length() const { return size_; }
+  const uint8_t* data() const { return data_; }
+  uint8_t* mutable_data() { return data_; }
+  template 
+  const T* data_as() const {
+    return reinterpret_cast(data_);
+  }
+  template 
+  T* mutable_data_as() {
+    return reinterpret_cast(data_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::shared_ptr buffer_;
+  MemoryPool* pool_;
+  uint8_t* data_;
+  int64_t capacity_;
+  int64_t size_;
+  int64_t alignment_;
+};
+
+template 
+class TypedBufferBuilder;
+
+/// \brief A BufferBuilder for building a buffer of arithmetic elements
+template 
+class TypedBufferBuilder<
+    T, typename std::enable_if::value ||
+                               std::is_standard_layout::value>::type> {
+ public:
+  explicit TypedBufferBuilder(MemoryPool* pool = default_memory_pool(),
+                              int64_t alignment = kDefaultBufferAlignment)
+      : bytes_builder_(pool, alignment) {}
+
+  explicit TypedBufferBuilder(std::shared_ptr buffer,
+                              MemoryPool* pool = default_memory_pool())
+      : bytes_builder_(std::move(buffer), pool) {}
+
+  explicit TypedBufferBuilder(BufferBuilder builder)
+      : bytes_builder_(std::move(builder)) {}
+
+  BufferBuilder* bytes_builder() { return &bytes_builder_; }
+
+  Status Append(T value) {
+    return bytes_builder_.Append(reinterpret_cast(&value), sizeof(T));
+  }
+
+  Status Append(const T* values, int64_t num_elements) {
+    return bytes_builder_.Append(reinterpret_cast(values),
+                                 num_elements * sizeof(T));
+  }
+
+  Status Append(const int64_t num_copies, T value) {
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(Reserve(num_copies + length()));
+    UnsafeAppend(num_copies, value);
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeAppend(T value) {
+    bytes_builder_.UnsafeAppend(reinterpret_cast(&value), sizeof(T));
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeAppend(const T* values, int64_t num_elements) {
+    bytes_builder_.UnsafeAppend(reinterpret_cast(values),
+                                num_elements * sizeof(T));
+  }
+
+  template 
+  void UnsafeAppend(Iter values_begin, Iter values_end) {
+    auto num_elements = static_cast(std::distance(values_begin, values_end));
+    auto data = mutable_data() + length();
+    bytes_builder_.UnsafeAdvance(num_elements * sizeof(T));
+    std::copy(values_begin, values_end, data);
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeAppend(const int64_t num_copies, T value) {
+    auto data = mutable_data() + length();
+    bytes_builder_.UnsafeAdvance(num_copies * sizeof(T));
+    std::fill(data, data + num_copies, value);
+  }
+
+  Status Resize(const int64_t new_capacity, bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    return bytes_builder_.Resize(new_capacity * sizeof(T), shrink_to_fit);
+  }
+
+  Status Reserve(const int64_t additional_elements) {
+    return bytes_builder_.Reserve(additional_elements * sizeof(T));
+  }
+
+  Status Advance(const int64_t length) {
+    return bytes_builder_.Advance(length * sizeof(T));
+  }
+
+  Status Finish(std::shared_ptr* out, bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    return bytes_builder_.Finish(out, shrink_to_fit);
+  }
+
+  Result> Finish(bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    std::shared_ptr out;
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(Finish(&out, shrink_to_fit));
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Like Finish, but override the final buffer size
+  ///
+  /// This is useful after writing data directly into the builder memory
+  /// without calling the Append methods (basically, when using TypedBufferBuilder
+  /// only for memory allocation).
+  Result> FinishWithLength(int64_t final_length,
+                                                   bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    return bytes_builder_.FinishWithLength(final_length * sizeof(T), shrink_to_fit);
+  }
+
+  void Reset() { bytes_builder_.Reset(); }
+
+  int64_t length() const { return bytes_builder_.length() / sizeof(T); }
+  int64_t capacity() const { return bytes_builder_.capacity() / sizeof(T); }
+  const T* data() const { return reinterpret_cast(bytes_builder_.data()); }
+  T* mutable_data() { return reinterpret_cast(bytes_builder_.mutable_data()); }
+
+ private:
+  BufferBuilder bytes_builder_;
+};
+
+/// \brief A BufferBuilder for building a buffer containing a bitmap
+template <>
+class TypedBufferBuilder {
+ public:
+  explicit TypedBufferBuilder(MemoryPool* pool = default_memory_pool(),
+                              int64_t alignment = kDefaultBufferAlignment)
+      : bytes_builder_(pool, alignment) {}
+
+  explicit TypedBufferBuilder(BufferBuilder builder)
+      : bytes_builder_(std::move(builder)) {}
+
+  BufferBuilder* bytes_builder() { return &bytes_builder_; }
+
+  Status Append(bool value) {
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(Reserve(1));
+    UnsafeAppend(value);
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  Status Append(const uint8_t* valid_bytes, int64_t num_elements) {
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(Reserve(num_elements));
+    UnsafeAppend(valid_bytes, num_elements);
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  Status Append(const int64_t num_copies, bool value) {
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(Reserve(num_copies));
+    UnsafeAppend(num_copies, value);
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeAppend(bool value) {
+    bit_util::SetBitTo(mutable_data(), bit_length_, value);
+    if (!value) {
+      ++false_count_;
+    }
+    ++bit_length_;
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Append bits from an array of bytes (one value per byte)
+  void UnsafeAppend(const uint8_t* bytes, int64_t num_elements) {
+    if (num_elements == 0) return;
+    int64_t i = 0;
+    internal::GenerateBitsUnrolled(mutable_data(), bit_length_, num_elements, [&] {
+      bool value = bytes[i++];
+      false_count_ += !value;
+      return value;
+    });
+    bit_length_ += num_elements;
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Append bits from a packed bitmap
+  void UnsafeAppend(const uint8_t* bitmap, int64_t offset, int64_t num_elements) {
+    if (num_elements == 0) return;
+    internal::CopyBitmap(bitmap, offset, num_elements, mutable_data(), bit_length_);
+    false_count_ += num_elements - internal::CountSetBits(bitmap, offset, num_elements);
+    bit_length_ += num_elements;
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeAppend(const int64_t num_copies, bool value) {
+    bit_util::SetBitsTo(mutable_data(), bit_length_, num_copies, value);
+    false_count_ += num_copies * !value;
+    bit_length_ += num_copies;
+  }
+
+  template 
+  void UnsafeAppend(const int64_t num_elements, Generator&& gen) {
+    if (num_elements == 0) return;
+
+    if (count_falses) {
+      internal::GenerateBitsUnrolled(mutable_data(), bit_length_, num_elements, [&] {
+        bool value = gen();
+        false_count_ += !value;
+        return value;
+      });
+    } else {
+      internal::GenerateBitsUnrolled(mutable_data(), bit_length_, num_elements,
+                                     std::forward(gen));
+    }
+    bit_length_ += num_elements;
+  }
+
+  Status Resize(const int64_t new_capacity, bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    const int64_t old_byte_capacity = bytes_builder_.capacity();
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+        bytes_builder_.Resize(bit_util::BytesForBits(new_capacity), shrink_to_fit));
+    // Resize() may have chosen a larger capacity (e.g. for padding),
+    // so ask it again before calling memset().
+    const int64_t new_byte_capacity = bytes_builder_.capacity();
+    if (new_byte_capacity > old_byte_capacity) {
+      // The additional buffer space is 0-initialized for convenience,
+      // so that other methods can simply bump the length.
+      memset(mutable_data() + old_byte_capacity, 0,
+             static_cast(new_byte_capacity - old_byte_capacity));
+    }
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  Status Reserve(const int64_t additional_elements) {
+    return Resize(
+        BufferBuilder::GrowByFactor(bit_length_, bit_length_ + additional_elements),
+        false);
+  }
+
+  Status Advance(const int64_t length) {
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(Reserve(length));
+    bit_length_ += length;
+    false_count_ += length;
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  Status Finish(std::shared_ptr* out, bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    // set bytes_builder_.size_ == byte size of data
+    bytes_builder_.UnsafeAdvance(bit_util::BytesForBits(bit_length_) -
+                                 bytes_builder_.length());
+    bit_length_ = false_count_ = 0;
+    return bytes_builder_.Finish(out, shrink_to_fit);
+  }
+
+  Result> Finish(bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    std::shared_ptr out;
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(Finish(&out, shrink_to_fit));
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Like Finish, but override the final buffer size
+  ///
+  /// This is useful after writing data directly into the builder memory
+  /// without calling the Append methods (basically, when using TypedBufferBuilder
+  /// only for memory allocation).
+  Result> FinishWithLength(int64_t final_length,
+                                                   bool shrink_to_fit = true) {
+    const auto final_byte_length = bit_util::BytesForBits(final_length);
+    bytes_builder_.UnsafeAdvance(final_byte_length - bytes_builder_.length());
+    bit_length_ = false_count_ = 0;
+    return bytes_builder_.FinishWithLength(final_byte_length, shrink_to_fit);
+  }
+
+  void Reset() {
+    bytes_builder_.Reset();
+    bit_length_ = false_count_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  int64_t length() const { return bit_length_; }
+  int64_t capacity() const { return bytes_builder_.capacity() * 8; }
+  const uint8_t* data() const { return bytes_builder_.data(); }
+  uint8_t* mutable_data() { return bytes_builder_.mutable_data(); }
+  int64_t false_count() const { return false_count_; }
+
+ private:
+  BufferBuilder bytes_builder_;
+  int64_t bit_length_ = 0;
+  int64_t false_count_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/chunked_array.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/chunked_array.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..02bcd0f9026bc7ba8ac9ef2daf2a3bd7ab31d56f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/chunked_array.h
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/chunk_resolver.h"
+#include "arrow/compare.h"
+#include "arrow/device_allocation_type_set.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+class Array;
+class DataType;
+class MemoryPool;
+namespace stl {
+template 
+class ChunkedArrayIterator;
+}  // namespace stl
+
+/// \class ChunkedArray
+/// \brief A data structure managing a list of primitive Arrow arrays logically
+/// as one large array
+///
+/// Data chunking is treated throughout this project largely as an
+/// implementation detail for performance and memory use optimization.
+/// ChunkedArray allows Array objects to be collected and interpreted
+/// as a single logical array without requiring an expensive concatenation
+/// step.
+///
+/// In some cases, data produced by a function may exceed the capacity of an
+/// Array (like BinaryArray or StringArray) and so returning multiple Arrays is
+/// the only possibility. In these cases, we recommend returning a ChunkedArray
+/// instead of vector of Arrays or some alternative.
+///
+/// When data is processed in parallel, it may not be practical or possible to
+/// create large contiguous memory allocations and write output into them. With
+/// some data types, like binary and string types, it is not possible at all to
+/// produce non-chunked array outputs without requiring a concatenation step at
+/// the end of processing.
+///
+/// Application developers may tune chunk sizes based on analysis of
+/// performance profiles but many developer-users will not need to be
+/// especially concerned with the chunking details.
+///
+/// Preserving the chunk layout/sizes in processing steps is generally not
+/// considered to be a contract in APIs. A function may decide to alter the
+/// chunking of its result. Similarly, APIs accepting multiple ChunkedArray
+/// inputs should not expect the chunk layout to be the same in each input.
+class ARROW_EXPORT ChunkedArray {
+ public:
+  ChunkedArray(ChunkedArray&&) = default;
+  ChunkedArray& operator=(ChunkedArray&&) = default;
+
+  /// \brief Construct a chunked array from a single Array
+  explicit ChunkedArray(std::shared_ptr chunk)
+      : ChunkedArray(ArrayVector{std::move(chunk)}) {}
+
+  /// \brief Construct a chunked array from a vector of arrays and an optional data type
+  ///
+  /// The vector elements must have the same data type.
+  /// If the data type is passed explicitly, the vector may be empty.
+  /// If the data type is omitted, the vector must be non-empty.
+  explicit ChunkedArray(ArrayVector chunks, std::shared_ptr type = NULLPTR);
+
+  // \brief Constructor with basic input validation.
+  static Result> Make(
+      ArrayVector chunks, std::shared_ptr type = NULLPTR);
+
+  /// \brief Create an empty ChunkedArray of a given type
+  ///
+  /// The output ChunkedArray will have one chunk with an empty
+  /// array of the given type.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] type the data type of the empty ChunkedArray
+  /// \param[in] pool the memory pool to allocate memory from
+  /// \return the resulting ChunkedArray
+  static Result> MakeEmpty(
+      std::shared_ptr type, MemoryPool* pool = default_memory_pool());
+
+  /// \return the total length of the chunked array; computed on construction
+  int64_t length() const { return length_; }
+
+  /// \return the total number of nulls among all chunks
+  int64_t null_count() const { return null_count_; }
+
+  /// \return the total number of chunks in the chunked array
+  int num_chunks() const { return static_cast(chunks_.size()); }
+
+  /// \return chunk a particular chunk from the chunked array
+  const std::shared_ptr& chunk(int i) const { return chunks_[i]; }
+
+  /// \return an ArrayVector of chunks
+  const ArrayVector& chunks() const { return chunks_; }
+
+  /// \return The set of device allocation types used by the chunks in this
+  /// chunked array.
+  DeviceAllocationTypeSet device_types() const;
+
+  /// \return true if all chunks are allocated on CPU-accessible memory.
+  bool is_cpu() const { return device_types().is_cpu_only(); }
+
+  /// \brief Construct a zero-copy slice of the chunked array with the
+  /// indicated offset and length
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] offset the position of the first element in the constructed
+  /// slice
+  /// \param[in] length the length of the slice. If there are not enough
+  /// elements in the chunked array, the length will be adjusted accordingly
+  ///
+  /// \return a new object wrapped in std::shared_ptr
+  std::shared_ptr Slice(int64_t offset, int64_t length) const;
+
+  /// \brief Slice from offset until end of the chunked array
+  std::shared_ptr Slice(int64_t offset) const;
+
+  /// \brief Flatten this chunked array as a vector of chunked arrays, one
+  /// for each struct field
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] pool The pool for buffer allocations, if any
+  Result>> Flatten(
+      MemoryPool* pool = default_memory_pool()) const;
+
+  /// Construct a zero-copy view of this chunked array with the given
+  /// type. Calls Array::View on each constituent chunk. Always succeeds if
+  /// there are zero chunks
+  Result> View(const std::shared_ptr& type) const;
+
+  /// \brief Return the type of the chunked array
+  const std::shared_ptr& type() const { return type_; }
+
+  /// \brief Return a Scalar containing the value of this array at index
+  Result> GetScalar(int64_t index) const;
+
+  /// \brief Determine if two chunked arrays are equal.
+  ///
+  /// Two chunked arrays can be equal only if they have equal datatypes.
+  /// However, they may be equal even if they have different chunkings.
+  bool Equals(const ChunkedArray& other,
+              const EqualOptions& opts = EqualOptions::Defaults()) const;
+  /// \brief Determine if two chunked arrays are equal.
+  bool Equals(const std::shared_ptr& other,
+              const EqualOptions& opts = EqualOptions::Defaults()) const;
+  /// \brief Determine if two chunked arrays approximately equal
+  bool ApproxEquals(const ChunkedArray& other,
+                    const EqualOptions& = EqualOptions::Defaults()) const;
+
+  /// \return PrettyPrint representation suitable for debugging
+  std::string ToString() const;
+
+  /// \brief Perform cheap validation checks to determine obvious inconsistencies
+  /// within the chunk array's internal data.
+  ///
+  /// This is O(k*m) where k is the number of array descendents,
+  /// and m is the number of chunks.
+  ///
+  /// \return Status
+  Status Validate() const;
+
+  /// \brief Perform extensive validation checks to determine inconsistencies
+  /// within the chunk array's internal data.
+  ///
+  /// This is O(k*n) where k is the number of array descendents,
+  /// and n is the length in elements.
+  ///
+  /// \return Status
+  Status ValidateFull() const;
+
+ protected:
+  ArrayVector chunks_;
+  std::shared_ptr type_;
+  int64_t length_;
+  int64_t null_count_;
+
+ private:
+  template 
+  friend class ::arrow::stl::ChunkedArrayIterator;
+  ChunkResolver chunk_resolver_;
+  ARROW_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ChunkedArray);
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+/// \brief EXPERIMENTAL: Utility for incremental iteration over contiguous
+/// pieces of potentially differently-chunked ChunkedArray objects
+class ARROW_EXPORT MultipleChunkIterator {
+ public:
+  MultipleChunkIterator(const ChunkedArray& left, const ChunkedArray& right)
+      : left_(left),
+        right_(right),
+        pos_(0),
+        length_(left.length()),
+        chunk_idx_left_(0),
+        chunk_idx_right_(0),
+        chunk_pos_left_(0),
+        chunk_pos_right_(0) {}
+
+  bool Next(std::shared_ptr* next_left, std::shared_ptr* next_right);
+
+  int64_t position() const { return pos_; }
+
+ private:
+  const ChunkedArray& left_;
+  const ChunkedArray& right_;
+
+  // The amount of the entire ChunkedArray consumed
+  int64_t pos_;
+
+  // Length of the chunked array(s)
+  int64_t length_;
+
+  // Current left chunk
+  int chunk_idx_left_;
+
+  // Current right chunk
+  int chunk_idx_right_;
+
+  // Offset into the current left chunk
+  int64_t chunk_pos_left_;
+
+  // Offset into the current right chunk
+  int64_t chunk_pos_right_;
+};
+
+/// \brief Evaluate binary function on two ChunkedArray objects having possibly
+/// different chunk layouts. The passed binary function / functor should have
+/// the following signature.
+///
+///    Status(const Array&, const Array&, int64_t)
+///
+/// The third argument is the absolute position relative to the start of each
+/// ChunkedArray. The function is executed against each contiguous pair of
+/// array segments, slicing if necessary.
+///
+/// For example, if two arrays have chunk sizes
+///
+///   left: [10, 10, 20]
+///   right: [15, 10, 15]
+///
+/// Then the following invocations take place (pseudocode)
+///
+///   func(left.chunk[0][0:10], right.chunk[0][0:10], 0)
+///   func(left.chunk[1][0:5], right.chunk[0][10:15], 10)
+///   func(left.chunk[1][5:10], right.chunk[1][0:5], 15)
+///   func(left.chunk[2][0:5], right.chunk[1][5:10], 20)
+///   func(left.chunk[2][5:20], right.chunk[2][:], 25)
+template 
+Status ApplyBinaryChunked(const ChunkedArray& left, const ChunkedArray& right,
+                          Action&& action) {
+  MultipleChunkIterator iterator(left, right);
+  std::shared_ptr left_piece, right_piece;
+  while (iterator.Next(&left_piece, &right_piece)) {
+    ARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(action(*left_piece, *right_piece, iterator.position()));
+  }
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compare.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compare.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6dbacfa86af592c1e2aecf22aea2322ce5bc5090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compare.h
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// Functions for comparing Arrow data structures
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+class Array;
+class DataType;
+class Tensor;
+class SparseTensor;
+struct Scalar;
+
+static constexpr double kDefaultAbsoluteTolerance = 1E-5;
+
+/// A container of options for equality comparisons
+class EqualOptions {
+ public:
+  /// Whether or not NaNs are considered equal.
+  bool nans_equal() const { return nans_equal_; }
+
+  /// Return a new EqualOptions object with the "nans_equal" property changed.
+  EqualOptions nans_equal(bool v) const {
+    auto res = EqualOptions(*this);
+    res.nans_equal_ = v;
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  /// Whether or not zeros with differing signs are considered equal.
+  bool signed_zeros_equal() const { return signed_zeros_equal_; }
+
+  /// Return a new EqualOptions object with the "signed_zeros_equal" property changed.
+  EqualOptions signed_zeros_equal(bool v) const {
+    auto res = EqualOptions(*this);
+    res.signed_zeros_equal_ = v;
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  /// The absolute tolerance for approximate comparisons of floating-point values.
+  double atol() const { return atol_; }
+
+  /// Return a new EqualOptions object with the "atol" property changed.
+  EqualOptions atol(double v) const {
+    auto res = EqualOptions(*this);
+    res.atol_ = v;
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  /// The ostream to which a diff will be formatted if arrays disagree.
+  /// If this is null (the default) no diff will be formatted.
+  std::ostream* diff_sink() const { return diff_sink_; }
+
+  /// Return a new EqualOptions object with the "diff_sink" property changed.
+  /// This option will be ignored if diff formatting of the types of compared arrays is
+  /// not supported.
+  EqualOptions diff_sink(std::ostream* diff_sink) const {
+    auto res = EqualOptions(*this);
+    res.diff_sink_ = diff_sink;
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  static EqualOptions Defaults() { return {}; }
+
+ protected:
+  double atol_ = kDefaultAbsoluteTolerance;
+  bool nans_equal_ = false;
+  bool signed_zeros_equal_ = true;
+
+  std::ostream* diff_sink_ = NULLPTR;
+};
+
+/// Returns true if the arrays are exactly equal
+ARROW_EXPORT bool ArrayEquals(const Array& left, const Array& right,
+                              const EqualOptions& = EqualOptions::Defaults());
+
+/// Returns true if the arrays are approximately equal. For non-floating point
+/// types, this is equivalent to ArrayEquals(left, right)
+ARROW_EXPORT bool ArrayApproxEquals(const Array& left, const Array& right,
+                                    const EqualOptions& = EqualOptions::Defaults());
+
+/// Returns true if indicated equal-length segment of arrays are exactly equal
+ARROW_EXPORT bool ArrayRangeEquals(const Array& left, const Array& right,
+                                   int64_t start_idx, int64_t end_idx,
+                                   int64_t other_start_idx,
+                                   const EqualOptions& = EqualOptions::Defaults());
+
+/// Returns true if indicated equal-length segment of arrays are approximately equal
+ARROW_EXPORT bool ArrayRangeApproxEquals(const Array& left, const Array& right,
+                                         int64_t start_idx, int64_t end_idx,
+                                         int64_t other_start_idx,
+                                         const EqualOptions& = EqualOptions::Defaults());
+
+ARROW_EXPORT bool TensorEquals(const Tensor& left, const Tensor& right,
+                               const EqualOptions& = EqualOptions::Defaults());
+
+/// EXPERIMENTAL: Returns true if the given sparse tensors are exactly equal
+ARROW_EXPORT bool SparseTensorEquals(const SparseTensor& left, const SparseTensor& right,
+                                     const EqualOptions& = EqualOptions::Defaults());
+
+/// Returns true if the type metadata are exactly equal
+/// \param[in] left a DataType
+/// \param[in] right a DataType
+/// \param[in] check_metadata whether to compare KeyValueMetadata for child
+/// fields
+ARROW_EXPORT bool TypeEquals(const DataType& left, const DataType& right,
+                             bool check_metadata = true);
+
+/// Returns true if scalars are equal
+/// \param[in] left a Scalar
+/// \param[in] right a Scalar
+/// \param[in] options comparison options
+ARROW_EXPORT bool ScalarEquals(const Scalar& left, const Scalar& right,
+                               const EqualOptions& options = EqualOptions::Defaults());
+
+/// Returns true if scalars are approximately equal
+/// \param[in] left a Scalar
+/// \param[in] right a Scalar
+/// \param[in] options comparison options
+ARROW_EXPORT bool ScalarApproxEquals(
+    const Scalar& left, const Scalar& right,
+    const EqualOptions& options = EqualOptions::Defaults());
+
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/api_aggregate.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/api_aggregate.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e5210b073ee4218145646bc512e06a9a0d3df6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/api_aggregate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// Eager evaluation convenience APIs for invoking common functions, including
+// necessary memory allocations
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/compute/function_options.h"
+#include "arrow/datum.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+class Array;
+
+namespace compute {
+
+class ExecContext;
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Aggregate functions
+
+/// \addtogroup compute-concrete-options
+/// @{
+
+/// \brief Control general scalar aggregate kernel behavior
+///
+/// By default, null values are ignored (skip_nulls = true).
+class ARROW_EXPORT ScalarAggregateOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit ScalarAggregateOptions(bool skip_nulls = true, uint32_t min_count = 1);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "ScalarAggregateOptions";
+  static ScalarAggregateOptions Defaults() { return ScalarAggregateOptions{}; }
+
+  /// If true (the default), null values are ignored. Otherwise, if any value is null,
+  /// emit null.
+  bool skip_nulls;
+  /// If less than this many non-null values are observed, emit null.
+  uint32_t min_count;
+};
+
+/// \brief Control count aggregate kernel behavior.
+///
+/// By default, only non-null values are counted.
+class ARROW_EXPORT CountOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  enum CountMode {
+    /// Count only non-null values.
+    ONLY_VALID = 0,
+    /// Count only null values.
+    ONLY_NULL,
+    /// Count both non-null and null values.
+    ALL,
+  };
+  explicit CountOptions(CountMode mode = CountMode::ONLY_VALID);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "CountOptions";
+  static CountOptions Defaults() { return CountOptions{}; }
+
+  CountMode mode;
+};
+
+/// \brief Control Mode kernel behavior
+///
+/// Returns top-n common values and counts.
+/// By default, returns the most common value and count.
+class ARROW_EXPORT ModeOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit ModeOptions(int64_t n = 1, bool skip_nulls = true, uint32_t min_count = 0);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "ModeOptions";
+  static ModeOptions Defaults() { return ModeOptions{}; }
+
+  int64_t n = 1;
+  /// If true (the default), null values are ignored. Otherwise, if any value is null,
+  /// emit null.
+  bool skip_nulls;
+  /// If less than this many non-null values are observed, emit null.
+  uint32_t min_count;
+};
+
+/// \brief Control Delta Degrees of Freedom (ddof) of Variance and Stddev kernel
+///
+/// The divisor used in calculations is N - ddof, where N is the number of elements.
+/// By default, ddof is zero, and population variance or stddev is returned.
+class ARROW_EXPORT VarianceOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit VarianceOptions(int ddof = 0, bool skip_nulls = true, uint32_t min_count = 0);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "VarianceOptions";
+  static VarianceOptions Defaults() { return VarianceOptions{}; }
+
+  int ddof = 0;
+  /// If true (the default), null values are ignored. Otherwise, if any value is null,
+  /// emit null.
+  bool skip_nulls;
+  /// If less than this many non-null values are observed, emit null.
+  uint32_t min_count;
+};
+
+/// \brief Control Quantile kernel behavior
+///
+/// By default, returns the median value.
+class ARROW_EXPORT QuantileOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  /// Interpolation method to use when quantile lies between two data points
+  enum Interpolation {
+    LINEAR = 0,
+    LOWER,
+    HIGHER,
+    NEAREST,
+    MIDPOINT,
+  };
+
+  explicit QuantileOptions(double q = 0.5, enum Interpolation interpolation = LINEAR,
+                           bool skip_nulls = true, uint32_t min_count = 0);
+
+  explicit QuantileOptions(std::vector q,
+                           enum Interpolation interpolation = LINEAR,
+                           bool skip_nulls = true, uint32_t min_count = 0);
+
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "QuantileOptions";
+  static QuantileOptions Defaults() { return QuantileOptions{}; }
+
+  /// probability level of quantile must be between 0 and 1 inclusive
+  std::vector q;
+  enum Interpolation interpolation;
+  /// If true (the default), null values are ignored. Otherwise, if any value is null,
+  /// emit null.
+  bool skip_nulls;
+  /// If less than this many non-null values are observed, emit null.
+  uint32_t min_count;
+};
+
+/// \brief Control TDigest approximate quantile kernel behavior
+///
+/// By default, returns the median value.
+class ARROW_EXPORT TDigestOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit TDigestOptions(double q = 0.5, uint32_t delta = 100,
+                          uint32_t buffer_size = 500, bool skip_nulls = true,
+                          uint32_t min_count = 0);
+  explicit TDigestOptions(std::vector q, uint32_t delta = 100,
+                          uint32_t buffer_size = 500, bool skip_nulls = true,
+                          uint32_t min_count = 0);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "TDigestOptions";
+  static TDigestOptions Defaults() { return TDigestOptions{}; }
+
+  /// probability level of quantile must be between 0 and 1 inclusive
+  std::vector q;
+  /// compression parameter, default 100
+  uint32_t delta;
+  /// input buffer size, default 500
+  uint32_t buffer_size;
+  /// If true (the default), null values are ignored. Otherwise, if any value is null,
+  /// emit null.
+  bool skip_nulls;
+  /// If less than this many non-null values are observed, emit null.
+  uint32_t min_count;
+};
+
+/// \brief Control Index kernel behavior
+class ARROW_EXPORT IndexOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit IndexOptions(std::shared_ptr value);
+  // Default constructor for serialization
+  IndexOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "IndexOptions";
+
+  std::shared_ptr value;
+};
+
+/// \brief Configure a grouped aggregation
+struct ARROW_EXPORT Aggregate {
+  Aggregate() = default;
+
+  Aggregate(std::string function, std::shared_ptr options,
+            std::vector target, std::string name = "")
+      : function(std::move(function)),
+        options(std::move(options)),
+        target(std::move(target)),
+        name(std::move(name)) {}
+
+  Aggregate(std::string function, std::shared_ptr options,
+            FieldRef target, std::string name = "")
+      : Aggregate(std::move(function), std::move(options),
+                  std::vector{std::move(target)}, std::move(name)) {}
+
+  Aggregate(std::string function, FieldRef target, std::string name)
+      : Aggregate(std::move(function), /*options=*/NULLPTR,
+                  std::vector{std::move(target)}, std::move(name)) {}
+
+  Aggregate(std::string function, std::string name)
+      : Aggregate(std::move(function), /*options=*/NULLPTR,
+                  /*target=*/std::vector{}, std::move(name)) {}
+
+  /// the name of the aggregation function
+  std::string function;
+
+  /// options for the aggregation function
+  std::shared_ptr options;
+
+  /// zero or more fields to which aggregations will be applied
+  std::vector target;
+
+  /// optional output field name for aggregations
+  std::string name;
+};
+
+/// @}
+
+/// \brief Count values in an array.
+///
+/// \param[in] options counting options, see CountOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] datum to count
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return out resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Count(const Datum& datum,
+                    const CountOptions& options = CountOptions::Defaults(),
+                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the mean of a numeric array.
+///
+/// \param[in] value datum to compute the mean, expecting Array
+/// \param[in] options see ScalarAggregateOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return datum of the computed mean as a DoubleScalar
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Mean(
+    const Datum& value,
+    const ScalarAggregateOptions& options = ScalarAggregateOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the product of values of a numeric array.
+///
+/// \param[in] value datum to compute product of, expecting Array or ChunkedArray
+/// \param[in] options see ScalarAggregateOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return datum of the computed sum as a Scalar
+///
+/// \since 6.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Product(
+    const Datum& value,
+    const ScalarAggregateOptions& options = ScalarAggregateOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Sum values of a numeric array.
+///
+/// \param[in] value datum to sum, expecting Array or ChunkedArray
+/// \param[in] options see ScalarAggregateOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return datum of the computed sum as a Scalar
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Sum(
+    const Datum& value,
+    const ScalarAggregateOptions& options = ScalarAggregateOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Calculate the first value of an array
+///
+/// \param[in] value input datum, expecting Array or ChunkedArray
+/// \param[in] options see ScalarAggregateOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return datum of the computed first as Scalar
+///
+/// \since 13.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result First(
+    const Datum& value,
+    const ScalarAggregateOptions& options = ScalarAggregateOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Calculate the last value of an array
+///
+/// \param[in] value input datum, expecting Array or ChunkedArray
+/// \param[in] options see ScalarAggregateOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return datum of the computed last as a Scalar
+///
+/// \since 13.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Last(
+    const Datum& value,
+    const ScalarAggregateOptions& options = ScalarAggregateOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Calculate the min / max of a numeric array
+///
+/// This function returns both the min and max as a struct scalar, with type
+/// struct, where T is the input type
+///
+/// \param[in] value input datum, expecting Array or ChunkedArray
+/// \param[in] options see ScalarAggregateOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return resulting datum as a struct scalar
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result MinMax(
+    const Datum& value,
+    const ScalarAggregateOptions& options = ScalarAggregateOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Test whether any element in a boolean array evaluates to true.
+///
+/// This function returns true if any of the elements in the array evaluates
+/// to true and false otherwise. Null values are ignored by default.
+/// If null values are taken into account by setting ScalarAggregateOptions
+/// parameter skip_nulls = false then Kleene logic is used.
+/// See KleeneOr for more details on Kleene logic.
+///
+/// \param[in] value input datum, expecting a boolean array
+/// \param[in] options see ScalarAggregateOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return resulting datum as a BooleanScalar
+///
+/// \since 3.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Any(
+    const Datum& value,
+    const ScalarAggregateOptions& options = ScalarAggregateOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Test whether all elements in a boolean array evaluate to true.
+///
+/// This function returns true if all of the elements in the array evaluate
+/// to true and false otherwise. Null values are ignored by default.
+/// If null values are taken into account by setting ScalarAggregateOptions
+/// parameter skip_nulls = false then Kleene logic is used.
+/// See KleeneAnd for more details on Kleene logic.
+///
+/// \param[in] value input datum, expecting a boolean array
+/// \param[in] options see ScalarAggregateOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return resulting datum as a BooleanScalar
+
+/// \since 3.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result All(
+    const Datum& value,
+    const ScalarAggregateOptions& options = ScalarAggregateOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Calculate the modal (most common) value of a numeric array
+///
+/// This function returns top-n most common values and number of times they occur as
+/// an array of `struct`, where T is the input type.
+/// Values with larger counts are returned before smaller ones.
+/// If there are more than one values with same count, smaller value is returned first.
+///
+/// \param[in] value input datum, expecting Array or ChunkedArray
+/// \param[in] options see ModeOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return resulting datum as an array of struct
+///
+/// \since 2.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Mode(const Datum& value,
+                   const ModeOptions& options = ModeOptions::Defaults(),
+                   ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Calculate the standard deviation of a numeric array
+///
+/// \param[in] value input datum, expecting Array or ChunkedArray
+/// \param[in] options see VarianceOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return datum of the computed standard deviation as a DoubleScalar
+///
+/// \since 2.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Stddev(const Datum& value,
+                     const VarianceOptions& options = VarianceOptions::Defaults(),
+                     ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Calculate the variance of a numeric array
+///
+/// \param[in] value input datum, expecting Array or ChunkedArray
+/// \param[in] options see VarianceOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return datum of the computed variance as a DoubleScalar
+///
+/// \since 2.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Variance(const Datum& value,
+                       const VarianceOptions& options = VarianceOptions::Defaults(),
+                       ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Calculate the quantiles of a numeric array
+///
+/// \param[in] value input datum, expecting Array or ChunkedArray
+/// \param[in] options see QuantileOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return resulting datum as an array
+///
+/// \since 4.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Quantile(const Datum& value,
+                       const QuantileOptions& options = QuantileOptions::Defaults(),
+                       ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Calculate the approximate quantiles of a numeric array with T-Digest algorithm
+///
+/// \param[in] value input datum, expecting Array or ChunkedArray
+/// \param[in] options see TDigestOptions for more information
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return resulting datum as an array
+///
+/// \since 4.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result TDigest(const Datum& value,
+                      const TDigestOptions& options = TDigestOptions::Defaults(),
+                      ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Find the first index of a value in an array.
+///
+/// \param[in] value The array to search.
+/// \param[in] options The array to search for. See IndexOptions.
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return out a Scalar containing the index (or -1 if not found).
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Index(const Datum& value, const IndexOptions& options,
+                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/api_scalar.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/api_scalar.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e5a388b1074f2ff9474c0f67c03c44e2b153efb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/api_scalar.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1780 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// Eager evaluation convenience APIs for invoking common functions, including
+// necessary memory allocations
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/compute/function_options.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/datum.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+/// \addtogroup compute-concrete-options
+///
+/// @{
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT ArithmeticOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit ArithmeticOptions(bool check_overflow = false);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "ArithmeticOptions";
+  bool check_overflow;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT ElementWiseAggregateOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit ElementWiseAggregateOptions(bool skip_nulls = true);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "ElementWiseAggregateOptions";
+  static ElementWiseAggregateOptions Defaults() { return ElementWiseAggregateOptions{}; }
+  bool skip_nulls;
+};
+
+/// Rounding and tie-breaking modes for round compute functions.
+/// Additional details and examples are provided in compute.rst.
+enum class RoundMode : int8_t {
+  /// Round to nearest integer less than or equal in magnitude (aka "floor")
+  DOWN,
+  /// Round to nearest integer greater than or equal in magnitude (aka "ceil")
+  UP,
+  /// Get the integral part without fractional digits (aka "trunc")
+  TOWARDS_ZERO,
+  /// Round negative values with DOWN rule
+  /// and positive values with UP rule (aka "away from zero")
+  TOWARDS_INFINITY,
+  /// Round ties with DOWN rule (also called "round half towards negative infinity")
+  HALF_DOWN,
+  /// Round ties with UP rule (also called "round half towards positive infinity")
+  HALF_UP,
+  /// Round ties with TOWARDS_ZERO rule (also called "round half away from infinity")
+  HALF_TOWARDS_ZERO,
+  /// Round ties with TOWARDS_INFINITY rule (also called "round half away from zero")
+  HALF_TOWARDS_INFINITY,
+  /// Round ties to nearest even integer
+  HALF_TO_EVEN,
+  /// Round ties to nearest odd integer
+  HALF_TO_ODD,
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT RoundOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit RoundOptions(int64_t ndigits = 0,
+                        RoundMode round_mode = RoundMode::HALF_TO_EVEN);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "RoundOptions";
+  static RoundOptions Defaults() { return RoundOptions(); }
+  /// Rounding precision (number of digits to round to)
+  int64_t ndigits;
+  /// Rounding and tie-breaking mode
+  RoundMode round_mode;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT RoundBinaryOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit RoundBinaryOptions(RoundMode round_mode = RoundMode::HALF_TO_EVEN);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "RoundBinaryOptions";
+  static RoundBinaryOptions Defaults() { return RoundBinaryOptions(); }
+  /// Rounding and tie-breaking mode
+  RoundMode round_mode;
+};
+
+enum class CalendarUnit : int8_t {
+  NANOSECOND,
+  MICROSECOND,
+  MILLISECOND,
+  SECOND,
+  MINUTE,
+  HOUR,
+  DAY,
+  WEEK,
+  MONTH,
+  QUARTER,
+  YEAR
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT RoundTemporalOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit RoundTemporalOptions(int multiple = 1, CalendarUnit unit = CalendarUnit::DAY,
+                                bool week_starts_monday = true,
+                                bool ceil_is_strictly_greater = false,
+                                bool calendar_based_origin = false);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "RoundTemporalOptions";
+  static RoundTemporalOptions Defaults() { return RoundTemporalOptions(); }
+
+  /// Number of units to round to
+  int multiple;
+  /// The unit used for rounding of time
+  CalendarUnit unit;
+  /// What day does the week start with (Monday=true, Sunday=false)
+  bool week_starts_monday;
+  /// Enable this flag to return a rounded value that is strictly greater than the input.
+  /// For example: ceiling 1970-01-01T00:00:00 to 3 hours would yield 1970-01-01T03:00:00
+  /// if set to true and 1970-01-01T00:00:00 if set to false.
+  /// This applies for ceiling only.
+  bool ceil_is_strictly_greater;
+  /// By default time is rounded to a multiple of units since 1970-01-01T00:00:00.
+  /// By setting calendar_based_origin to true, time will be rounded to a number
+  /// of units since the last greater calendar unit.
+  /// For example: rounding to a multiple of days since the beginning of the month or
+  /// to hours since the beginning of the day.
+  /// Exceptions: week and quarter are not used as greater units, therefore days will
+  /// will be rounded to the beginning of the month not week. Greater unit of week
+  /// is year.
+  /// Note that ceiling and rounding might change sorting order of an array near greater
+  /// unit change. For example rounding YYYY-mm-dd 23:00:00 to 5 hours will ceil and
+  /// round to YYYY-mm-dd+1 01:00:00 and floor to YYYY-mm-dd 20:00:00. On the other hand
+  /// YYYY-mm-dd+1 00:00:00 will ceil, round and floor to YYYY-mm-dd+1 00:00:00. This
+  /// can break the order of an already ordered array.
+  bool calendar_based_origin;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT RoundToMultipleOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit RoundToMultipleOptions(double multiple = 1.0,
+                                  RoundMode round_mode = RoundMode::HALF_TO_EVEN);
+  explicit RoundToMultipleOptions(std::shared_ptr multiple,
+                                  RoundMode round_mode = RoundMode::HALF_TO_EVEN);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "RoundToMultipleOptions";
+  static RoundToMultipleOptions Defaults() { return RoundToMultipleOptions(); }
+  /// Rounding scale (multiple to round to).
+  ///
+  /// Should be a positive numeric scalar of a type compatible with the
+  /// argument to be rounded. The cast kernel is used to convert the rounding
+  /// multiple to match the result type.
+  std::shared_ptr multiple;
+  /// Rounding and tie-breaking mode
+  RoundMode round_mode;
+};
+
+/// Options for var_args_join.
+class ARROW_EXPORT JoinOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  /// How to handle null values. (A null separator always results in a null output.)
+  enum NullHandlingBehavior {
+    /// A null in any input results in a null in the output.
+    EMIT_NULL,
+    /// Nulls in inputs are skipped.
+    SKIP,
+    /// Nulls in inputs are replaced with the replacement string.
+    REPLACE,
+  };
+  explicit JoinOptions(NullHandlingBehavior null_handling = EMIT_NULL,
+                       std::string null_replacement = "");
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "JoinOptions";
+  static JoinOptions Defaults() { return JoinOptions(); }
+  NullHandlingBehavior null_handling;
+  std::string null_replacement;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT MatchSubstringOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit MatchSubstringOptions(std::string pattern, bool ignore_case = false);
+  MatchSubstringOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "MatchSubstringOptions";
+
+  /// The exact substring (or regex, depending on kernel) to look for inside input values.
+  std::string pattern;
+  /// Whether to perform a case-insensitive match.
+  bool ignore_case;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT SplitOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit SplitOptions(int64_t max_splits = -1, bool reverse = false);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "SplitOptions";
+
+  /// Maximum number of splits allowed, or unlimited when -1
+  int64_t max_splits;
+  /// Start splitting from the end of the string (only relevant when max_splits != -1)
+  bool reverse;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT SplitPatternOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit SplitPatternOptions(std::string pattern, int64_t max_splits = -1,
+                               bool reverse = false);
+  SplitPatternOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "SplitPatternOptions";
+
+  /// The exact substring to split on.
+  std::string pattern;
+  /// Maximum number of splits allowed, or unlimited when -1
+  int64_t max_splits;
+  /// Start splitting from the end of the string (only relevant when max_splits != -1)
+  bool reverse;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT ReplaceSliceOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit ReplaceSliceOptions(int64_t start, int64_t stop, std::string replacement);
+  ReplaceSliceOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "ReplaceSliceOptions";
+
+  /// Index to start slicing at
+  int64_t start;
+  /// Index to stop slicing at
+  int64_t stop;
+  /// String to replace the slice with
+  std::string replacement;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT ReplaceSubstringOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit ReplaceSubstringOptions(std::string pattern, std::string replacement,
+                                   int64_t max_replacements = -1);
+  ReplaceSubstringOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "ReplaceSubstringOptions";
+
+  /// Pattern to match, literal, or regular expression depending on which kernel is used
+  std::string pattern;
+  /// String to replace the pattern with
+  std::string replacement;
+  /// Max number of substrings to replace (-1 means unbounded)
+  int64_t max_replacements;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT ExtractRegexOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit ExtractRegexOptions(std::string pattern);
+  ExtractRegexOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "ExtractRegexOptions";
+
+  /// Regular expression with named capture fields
+  std::string pattern;
+};
+
+/// Options for IsIn and IndexIn functions
+class ARROW_EXPORT SetLookupOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  /// How to handle null values.
+  enum NullMatchingBehavior {
+    /// MATCH, any null in `value_set` is successfully matched in
+    /// the input.
+    MATCH,
+    /// SKIP, any null in `value_set` is ignored and nulls in the input
+    /// produce null (IndexIn) or false (IsIn) values in the output.
+    SKIP,
+    /// EMIT_NULL, any null in `value_set` is ignored and nulls in the
+    /// input produce null (IndexIn and IsIn) values in the output.
+    EMIT_NULL,
+    /// INCONCLUSIVE, null values are regarded as unknown values, which is
+    /// sql-compatible. nulls in the input produce null (IndexIn and IsIn)
+    /// values in the output. Besides, if `value_set` contains a null,
+    /// non-null unmatched values in the input also produce null values
+    /// (IndexIn and IsIn) in the output.
+    INCONCLUSIVE
+  };
+
+  explicit SetLookupOptions(Datum value_set, NullMatchingBehavior = MATCH);
+  SetLookupOptions();
+
+  // DEPRECATED(will be removed after removing of skip_nulls)
+  explicit SetLookupOptions(Datum value_set, bool skip_nulls);
+
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "SetLookupOptions";
+
+  /// The set of values to look up input values into.
+  Datum value_set;
+
+  NullMatchingBehavior null_matching_behavior;
+
+  // DEPRECATED(will be removed after removing of skip_nulls)
+  NullMatchingBehavior GetNullMatchingBehavior() const;
+
+  // DEPRECATED(use null_matching_behavior instead)
+  /// Whether nulls in `value_set` count for lookup.
+  ///
+  /// If true, any null in `value_set` is ignored and nulls in the input
+  /// produce null (IndexIn) or false (IsIn) values in the output.
+  /// If false, any null in `value_set` is successfully matched in
+  /// the input.
+  std::optional skip_nulls;
+};
+
+/// Options for struct_field function
+class ARROW_EXPORT StructFieldOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit StructFieldOptions(std::vector indices);
+  explicit StructFieldOptions(std::initializer_list);
+  explicit StructFieldOptions(FieldRef field_ref);
+  StructFieldOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "StructFieldOptions";
+
+  /// The FieldRef specifying what to extract from struct or union.
+  FieldRef field_ref;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT StrptimeOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit StrptimeOptions(std::string format, TimeUnit::type unit,
+                           bool error_is_null = false);
+  StrptimeOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "StrptimeOptions";
+
+  /// The desired format string.
+  std::string format;
+  /// The desired time resolution
+  TimeUnit::type unit;
+  /// Return null on parsing errors if true or raise if false
+  bool error_is_null;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT StrftimeOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit StrftimeOptions(std::string format, std::string locale = "C");
+  StrftimeOptions();
+
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "StrftimeOptions";
+
+  static constexpr const char* kDefaultFormat = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
+
+  /// The desired format string.
+  std::string format;
+  /// The desired output locale string.
+  std::string locale;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT PadOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit PadOptions(int64_t width, std::string padding = " ",
+                      bool lean_left_on_odd_padding = true);
+  PadOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "PadOptions";
+
+  /// The desired string length.
+  int64_t width;
+  /// What to pad the string with. Should be one codepoint (Unicode)/byte (ASCII).
+  std::string padding;
+  /// What to do if there is an odd number of padding characters (in case of centered
+  /// padding). Defaults to aligning on the left (i.e. adding the extra padding character
+  /// on the right)
+  bool lean_left_on_odd_padding = true;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT TrimOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit TrimOptions(std::string characters);
+  TrimOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "TrimOptions";
+
+  /// The individual characters to be trimmed from the string.
+  std::string characters;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT SliceOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit SliceOptions(int64_t start, int64_t stop = std::numeric_limits::max(),
+                        int64_t step = 1);
+  SliceOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "SliceOptions";
+  int64_t start, stop, step;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT ListSliceOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit ListSliceOptions(int64_t start, std::optional stop = std::nullopt,
+                            int64_t step = 1,
+                            std::optional return_fixed_size_list = std::nullopt);
+  ListSliceOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "ListSliceOptions";
+  /// The start of list slicing.
+  int64_t start;
+  /// Optional stop of list slicing. If not set, then slice to end. (NotImplemented)
+  std::optional stop;
+  /// Slicing step
+  int64_t step;
+  // Whether to return a FixedSizeListArray. If true _and_ stop is after
+  // a list element's length, nulls will be appended to create the requested slice size.
+  // Default of `nullopt` will return whatever type it got in.
+  std::optional return_fixed_size_list;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT NullOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit NullOptions(bool nan_is_null = false);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "NullOptions";
+  static NullOptions Defaults() { return NullOptions{}; }
+
+  bool nan_is_null;
+};
+
+enum CompareOperator : int8_t {
+  EQUAL,
+  NOT_EQUAL,
+  GREATER,
+  GREATER_EQUAL,
+  LESS,
+  LESS_EQUAL,
+};
+
+struct ARROW_EXPORT CompareOptions {
+  explicit CompareOptions(CompareOperator op) : op(op) {}
+  CompareOptions() : CompareOptions(CompareOperator::EQUAL) {}
+  enum CompareOperator op;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT MakeStructOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  MakeStructOptions(std::vector n, std::vector r,
+                    std::vector> m);
+  explicit MakeStructOptions(std::vector n);
+  MakeStructOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "MakeStructOptions";
+
+  /// Names for wrapped columns
+  std::vector field_names;
+
+  /// Nullability bits for wrapped columns
+  std::vector field_nullability;
+
+  /// Metadata attached to wrapped columns
+  std::vector> field_metadata;
+};
+
+struct ARROW_EXPORT DayOfWeekOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit DayOfWeekOptions(bool count_from_zero = true, uint32_t week_start = 1);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "DayOfWeekOptions";
+  static DayOfWeekOptions Defaults() { return DayOfWeekOptions(); }
+
+  /// Number days from 0 if true and from 1 if false
+  bool count_from_zero;
+  /// What day does the week start with (Monday=1, Sunday=7).
+  /// The numbering is unaffected by the count_from_zero parameter.
+  uint32_t week_start;
+};
+
+/// Used to control timestamp timezone conversion and handling ambiguous/nonexistent
+/// times.
+struct ARROW_EXPORT AssumeTimezoneOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  /// \brief How to interpret ambiguous local times that can be interpreted as
+  /// multiple instants (normally two) due to DST shifts.
+  ///
+  /// AMBIGUOUS_EARLIEST emits the earliest instant amongst possible interpretations.
+  /// AMBIGUOUS_LATEST emits the latest instant amongst possible interpretations.
+  enum Ambiguous { AMBIGUOUS_RAISE, AMBIGUOUS_EARLIEST, AMBIGUOUS_LATEST };
+
+  /// \brief How to handle local times that do not exist due to DST shifts.
+  ///
+  /// NONEXISTENT_EARLIEST emits the instant "just before" the DST shift instant
+  /// in the given timestamp precision (for example, for a nanoseconds precision
+  /// timestamp, this is one nanosecond before the DST shift instant).
+  /// NONEXISTENT_LATEST emits the DST shift instant.
+  enum Nonexistent { NONEXISTENT_RAISE, NONEXISTENT_EARLIEST, NONEXISTENT_LATEST };
+
+  explicit AssumeTimezoneOptions(std::string timezone,
+                                 Ambiguous ambiguous = AMBIGUOUS_RAISE,
+                                 Nonexistent nonexistent = NONEXISTENT_RAISE);
+  AssumeTimezoneOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "AssumeTimezoneOptions";
+
+  /// Timezone to convert timestamps from
+  std::string timezone;
+
+  /// How to interpret ambiguous local times (due to DST shifts)
+  Ambiguous ambiguous;
+  /// How to interpret nonexistent local times (due to DST shifts)
+  Nonexistent nonexistent;
+};
+
+struct ARROW_EXPORT WeekOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit WeekOptions(bool week_starts_monday = true, bool count_from_zero = false,
+                       bool first_week_is_fully_in_year = false);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "WeekOptions";
+  static WeekOptions Defaults() { return WeekOptions{}; }
+  static WeekOptions ISODefaults() {
+    return WeekOptions{/*week_starts_monday*/ true,
+                       /*count_from_zero=*/false,
+                       /*first_week_is_fully_in_year=*/false};
+  }
+  static WeekOptions USDefaults() {
+    return WeekOptions{/*week_starts_monday*/ false,
+                       /*count_from_zero=*/false,
+                       /*first_week_is_fully_in_year=*/false};
+  }
+
+  /// What day does the week start with (Monday=true, Sunday=false)
+  bool week_starts_monday;
+  /// Dates from current year that fall into last ISO week of the previous year return
+  /// 0 if true and 52 or 53 if false.
+  bool count_from_zero;
+  /// Must the first week be fully in January (true), or is a week that begins on
+  /// December 29, 30, or 31 considered to be the first week of the new year (false)?
+  bool first_week_is_fully_in_year;
+};
+
+struct ARROW_EXPORT Utf8NormalizeOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  enum Form { NFC, NFKC, NFD, NFKD };
+
+  explicit Utf8NormalizeOptions(Form form = NFC);
+  static Utf8NormalizeOptions Defaults() { return Utf8NormalizeOptions(); }
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "Utf8NormalizeOptions";
+
+  /// The Unicode normalization form to apply
+  Form form;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT RandomOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  enum Initializer { SystemRandom, Seed };
+
+  static RandomOptions FromSystemRandom() { return RandomOptions{SystemRandom, 0}; }
+  static RandomOptions FromSeed(uint64_t seed) { return RandomOptions{Seed, seed}; }
+
+  RandomOptions(Initializer initializer, uint64_t seed);
+  RandomOptions();
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "RandomOptions";
+  static RandomOptions Defaults() { return RandomOptions(); }
+
+  /// The type of initialization for random number generation - system or provided seed.
+  Initializer initializer;
+  /// The seed value used to initialize the random number generation.
+  uint64_t seed;
+};
+
+/// Options for map_lookup function
+class ARROW_EXPORT MapLookupOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  enum Occurrence {
+    /// Return the first matching value
+    FIRST,
+    /// Return the last matching value
+    LAST,
+    /// Return all matching values
+    ALL
+  };
+
+  explicit MapLookupOptions(std::shared_ptr query_key, Occurrence occurrence);
+  MapLookupOptions();
+
+  constexpr static char const kTypeName[] = "MapLookupOptions";
+
+  /// The key to lookup in the map
+  std::shared_ptr query_key;
+
+  /// Whether to return the first, last, or all matching values
+  Occurrence occurrence;
+};
+
+/// @}
+
+/// \brief Get the absolute value of a value.
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the value transformed
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (overflow handling), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise absolute value
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result AbsoluteValue(const Datum& arg,
+                            ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                            ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Add two values together. Array values must be the same length. If
+/// either addend is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] left the first addend
+/// \param[in] right the second addend
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (overflow handling), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise sum
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Add(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                  ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                  ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Subtract two values. Array values must be the same length. If the
+/// minuend or subtrahend is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] left the value subtracted from (minuend)
+/// \param[in] right the value by which the minuend is reduced (subtrahend)
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (overflow handling), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise difference
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Subtract(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                       ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                       ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Multiply two values. Array values must be the same length. If either
+/// factor is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] left the first factor
+/// \param[in] right the second factor
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (overflow handling), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise product
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Multiply(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                       ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                       ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Divide two values. Array values must be the same length. If either
+/// argument is null the result will be null. For integer types, if there is
+/// a zero divisor, an error will be raised.
+///
+/// \param[in] left the dividend
+/// \param[in] right the divisor
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (enable/disable overflow checking), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise quotient
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Divide(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                     ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                     ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Negate values.
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the value negated
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (overflow handling), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise negation
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Negate(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                     ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Raise the values of base array to the power of the exponent array values.
+/// Array values must be the same length. If either base or exponent is null the result
+/// will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] left the base
+/// \param[in] right the exponent
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (enable/disable overflow checking), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise base value raised to the power of exponent
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Power(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                    ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Raise Euler's number to the power of specified exponent, element-wise.
+/// If the exponent value is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the exponent
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the element-wise Euler's number raised to the power of exponent
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Exp(const Datum& arg, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief More accurately calculate `exp(arg) - 1` for values close to zero.
+/// If the exponent value is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// This function is more accurate than calculating `exp(value) - 1` directly for values
+/// close to zero.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the exponent
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the element-wise Euler's number raised to the power of exponent minus 1
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Expm1(const Datum& arg, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Left shift the left array by the right array. Array values must be the
+/// same length. If either operand is null, the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] left the value to shift
+/// \param[in] right the value to shift by
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (enable/disable overflow checking), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise left value shifted left by the right value
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result ShiftLeft(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                        ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                        ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Right shift the left array by the right array. Array values must be the
+/// same length. If either operand is null, the result will be null. Performs a
+/// logical shift for unsigned values, and an arithmetic shift for signed values.
+///
+/// \param[in] left the value to shift
+/// \param[in] right the value to shift by
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (enable/disable overflow checking), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise left value shifted right by the right value
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result ShiftRight(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                         ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                         ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the sine of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the sine for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (enable/disable overflow checking), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise sine of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Sin(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                  ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the cosine of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the cosine for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (enable/disable overflow checking), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise cosine of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Cos(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                  ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the inverse sine (arcsine) of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the inverse sine for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (enable/disable overflow checking), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise inverse sine of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Asin(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                   ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the inverse cosine (arccosine) of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the inverse cosine for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (enable/disable overflow checking), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise inverse cosine of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Acos(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                   ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the tangent of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the tangent for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (enable/disable overflow checking), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise tangent of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Tan(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                  ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the inverse tangent (arctangent) of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the inverse tangent for.
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise inverse tangent of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Atan(const Datum& arg, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the inverse tangent (arctangent) of y/x, using the
+/// argument signs to determine the correct quadrant.
+/// \param[in] y The y-values to compute the inverse tangent for.
+/// \param[in] x The x-values to compute the inverse tangent for.
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise inverse tangent of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Atan2(const Datum& y, const Datum& x, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the hyperbolic sine of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the hyperbolic sine for.
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise hyperbolic sine of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Sinh(const Datum& arg, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the hyperbolic cosine of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the hyperbolic cosine for.
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise hyperbolic cosine of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Cosh(const Datum& arg, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the hyperbolic tangent of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the hyperbolic tangent for.
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise hyperbolic tangent of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Tanh(const Datum& arg, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the inverse hyperbolic sine of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the inverse hyperbolic sine for.
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise inverse hyperbolic sine of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Asinh(const Datum& arg, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the inverse hyperbolic cosine for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (enable/disable overflow checking), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise inverse hyperbolic cosine of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Acosh(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the inverse hyperbolic tangent of the array values.
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the inverse hyperbolic tangent for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (enable/disable overflow checking), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise inverse hyperbolic tangent of the values
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Atanh(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Get the natural log of a value.
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the logarithm for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (overflow handling), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise natural log
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Ln(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                 ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Get the log base 10 of a value.
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the logarithm for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (overflow handling), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise log base 10
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Log10(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Get the log base 2 of a value.
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the logarithm for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (overflow handling), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise log base 2
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Log2(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                   ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Get the natural log of (1 + value).
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+/// This function may be more accurate than Log(1 + value) for values close to zero.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the logarithm for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (overflow handling), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise natural log
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Log1p(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Get the log of a value to the given base.
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the logarithm for.
+/// \param[in] base The given base.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (overflow handling), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise log to the given base
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Logb(const Datum& arg, const Datum& base,
+                   ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                   ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Get the square-root of a value.
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg The values to compute the square-root for.
+/// \param[in] options arithmetic options (overflow handling), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the elementwise square-root
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Sqrt(const Datum& arg, ArithmeticOptions options = ArithmeticOptions(),
+                   ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Round to the nearest integer less than or equal in magnitude to the
+/// argument.
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the value to round
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the rounded value
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Floor(const Datum& arg, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Round to the nearest integer greater than or equal in magnitude to the
+/// argument.
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the value to round
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the rounded value
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Ceil(const Datum& arg, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Get the integral part without fractional digits.
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the value to truncate
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the truncated value
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Trunc(const Datum& arg, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Find the element-wise maximum of any number of arrays or scalars.
+/// Array values must be the same length.
+///
+/// \param[in] args arrays or scalars to operate on.
+/// \param[in] options options for handling nulls, optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the element-wise maximum
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result MaxElementWise(
+    const std::vector& args,
+    ElementWiseAggregateOptions options = ElementWiseAggregateOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Find the element-wise minimum of any number of arrays or scalars.
+/// Array values must be the same length.
+///
+/// \param[in] args arrays or scalars to operate on.
+/// \param[in] options options for handling nulls, optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the element-wise minimum
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result MinElementWise(
+    const std::vector& args,
+    ElementWiseAggregateOptions options = ElementWiseAggregateOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Get the sign of a value. Array values can be of arbitrary length. If argument
+/// is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the value to extract sign from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the element-wise sign function
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Sign(const Datum& arg, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Round a value to a given precision.
+///
+/// If arg is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the value to be rounded
+/// \param[in] options rounding options (rounding mode and number of digits), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the element-wise rounded value
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Round(const Datum& arg, RoundOptions options = RoundOptions::Defaults(),
+                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Round a value to a given precision.
+///
+/// If arg1 is null the result will be null.
+/// If arg2 is null then the result will be null. If arg2 is negative, then the rounding
+/// place will be shifted to the left (thus -1 would correspond to rounding to the nearest
+/// ten).  If positive, the rounding place will shift to the right (and +1 would
+/// correspond to rounding to the nearest tenth).
+///
+/// \param[in] arg1 the value to be rounded
+/// \param[in] arg2 the number of significant digits to round to
+/// \param[in] options rounding options, optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the element-wise rounded value
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result RoundBinary(const Datum& arg1, const Datum& arg2,
+                          RoundBinaryOptions options = RoundBinaryOptions::Defaults(),
+                          ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Round a value to a given multiple.
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the value to round
+/// \param[in] options rounding options (rounding mode and multiple), optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the element-wise rounded value
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result RoundToMultiple(
+    const Datum& arg, RoundToMultipleOptions options = RoundToMultipleOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Ceil a temporal value to a given frequency
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the temporal value to ceil
+/// \param[in] options temporal rounding options, optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the element-wise rounded value
+///
+/// \since 7.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result CeilTemporal(
+    const Datum& arg, RoundTemporalOptions options = RoundTemporalOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Floor a temporal value to a given frequency
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the temporal value to floor
+/// \param[in] options temporal rounding options, optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the element-wise rounded value
+///
+/// \since 7.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result FloorTemporal(
+    const Datum& arg, RoundTemporalOptions options = RoundTemporalOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Round a temporal value to a given frequency
+///
+/// If argument is null the result will be null.
+///
+/// \param[in] arg the temporal value to round
+/// \param[in] options temporal rounding options, optional
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the element-wise rounded value
+///
+/// \since 7.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result RoundTemporal(
+    const Datum& arg, RoundTemporalOptions options = RoundTemporalOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Invert the values of a boolean datum
+/// \param[in] value datum to invert
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Invert(const Datum& value, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Element-wise AND of two boolean datums which always propagates nulls
+/// (null and false is null).
+///
+/// \param[in] left left operand
+/// \param[in] right right operand
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result And(const Datum& left, const Datum& right, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Element-wise AND of two boolean datums with a Kleene truth table
+/// (null and false is false).
+///
+/// \param[in] left left operand
+/// \param[in] right right operand
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result KleeneAnd(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                        ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Element-wise OR of two boolean datums which always propagates nulls
+/// (null and true is null).
+///
+/// \param[in] left left operand
+/// \param[in] right right operand
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Or(const Datum& left, const Datum& right, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Element-wise OR of two boolean datums with a Kleene truth table
+/// (null or true is true).
+///
+/// \param[in] left left operand
+/// \param[in] right right operand
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result KleeneOr(const Datum& left, const Datum& right, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Element-wise XOR of two boolean datums
+/// \param[in] left left operand
+/// \param[in] right right operand
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Xor(const Datum& left, const Datum& right, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Element-wise AND NOT of two boolean datums which always propagates nulls
+/// (null and not true is null).
+///
+/// \param[in] left left operand
+/// \param[in] right right operand
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 3.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result AndNot(const Datum& left, const Datum& right, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Element-wise AND NOT of two boolean datums with a Kleene truth table
+/// (false and not null is false, null and not true is false).
+///
+/// \param[in] left left operand
+/// \param[in] right right operand
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 3.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result KleeneAndNot(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                           ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief IsIn returns true for each element of `values` that is contained in
+/// `value_set`
+///
+/// Behaviour of nulls is governed by SetLookupOptions::skip_nulls.
+///
+/// \param[in] values array-like input to look up in value_set
+/// \param[in] options SetLookupOptions
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result IsIn(const Datum& values, const SetLookupOptions& options,
+                   ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result IsIn(const Datum& values, const Datum& value_set,
+                   ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief IndexIn examines each slot in the values against a value_set array.
+/// If the value is not found in value_set, null will be output.
+/// If found, the index of occurrence within value_set (ignoring duplicates)
+/// will be output.
+///
+/// For example given values = [99, 42, 3, null] and
+/// value_set = [3, 3, 99], the output will be = [2, null, 0, null]
+///
+/// Behaviour of nulls is governed by SetLookupOptions::skip_nulls.
+///
+/// \param[in] values array-like input
+/// \param[in] options SetLookupOptions
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result IndexIn(const Datum& values, const SetLookupOptions& options,
+                      ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result IndexIn(const Datum& values, const Datum& value_set,
+                      ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief IsValid returns true for each element of `values` that is not null,
+/// false otherwise
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to examine for validity
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result IsValid(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief IsNull returns true for each element of `values` that is null,
+/// false otherwise
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to examine for nullity
+/// \param[in] options NullOptions
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result IsNull(const Datum& values, NullOptions options = NullOptions::Defaults(),
+                     ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief IsNan returns true for each element of `values` that is NaN,
+/// false otherwise
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to look for NaN
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 3.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result IsNan(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief IfElse returns elements chosen from `left` or `right`
+/// depending on `cond`. `null` values in `cond` will be promoted to the result
+///
+/// \param[in] cond `Boolean` condition Scalar/ Array
+/// \param[in] left Scalar/ Array
+/// \param[in] right Scalar/ Array
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+///
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result IfElse(const Datum& cond, const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                     ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief CaseWhen behaves like a switch/case or if-else if-else statement: for
+/// each row, select the first value for which the corresponding condition is
+/// true, or (if given) select the 'else' value, else emit null. Note that a
+/// null condition is the same as false.
+///
+/// \param[in] cond Conditions (Boolean)
+/// \param[in] cases Values (any type), along with an optional 'else' value.
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+///
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result CaseWhen(const Datum& cond, const std::vector& cases,
+                       ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Year returns year for each element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract year from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Year(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief IsLeapYear returns if a year is a leap year for each element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract leap year indicator from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result IsLeapYear(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Month returns month for each element of `values`.
+/// Month is encoded as January=1, December=12
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract month from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Month(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Day returns day number for each element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract day from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Day(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief YearMonthDay returns a struct containing the Year, Month and Day value for
+/// each element of `values`.
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract (year, month, day) struct from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 7.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result YearMonthDay(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief DayOfWeek returns number of the day of the week value for each element of
+/// `values`.
+///
+/// By default week starts on Monday denoted by 0 and ends on Sunday denoted
+/// by 6. Start day of the week (Monday=1, Sunday=7) and numbering base (0 or 1) can be
+/// set using DayOfWeekOptions
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract number of the day of the week from
+/// \param[in] options for setting start of the week and day numbering
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result DayOfWeek(const Datum& values,
+                                     DayOfWeekOptions options = DayOfWeekOptions(),
+                                     ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief DayOfYear returns number of day of the year for each element of `values`.
+/// January 1st maps to day number 1, February 1st to 32, etc.
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract number of day of the year from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result DayOfYear(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief ISOYear returns ISO year number for each element of `values`.
+/// First week of an ISO year has the majority (4 or more) of its days in January.
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract ISO year from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result ISOYear(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief USYear returns US epidemiological year number for each element of `values`.
+/// First week of US epidemiological year has the majority (4 or more) of it's
+/// days in January. Last week of US epidemiological year has the year's last
+/// Wednesday in it. US epidemiological week starts on Sunday.
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract US epidemiological year from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result USYear(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief ISOWeek returns ISO week of year number for each element of `values`.
+/// First ISO week has the majority (4 or more) of its days in January.
+/// ISO week starts on Monday. Year can have 52 or 53 weeks.
+/// Week numbering can start with 1.
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract ISO week of year from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result ISOWeek(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief USWeek returns US week of year number for each element of `values`.
+/// First US week has the majority (4 or more) of its days in January.
+/// US week starts on Sunday. Year can have 52 or 53 weeks.
+/// Week numbering starts with 1.
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract US week of year from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 6.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result USWeek(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Week returns week of year number for each element of `values`.
+/// First ISO week has the majority (4 or more) of its days in January.
+/// Year can have 52 or 53 weeks. Week numbering can start with 0 or 1
+/// depending on DayOfWeekOptions.count_from_zero.
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract week of year from
+/// \param[in] options for setting numbering start
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 6.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result Week(const Datum& values, WeekOptions options = WeekOptions(),
+                                ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief ISOCalendar returns a (ISO year, ISO week, ISO day of week) struct for
+/// each element of `values`.
+/// ISO week starts on Monday denoted by 1 and ends on Sunday denoted by 7.
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to ISO calendar struct from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result ISOCalendar(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Quarter returns the quarter of year number for each element of `values`
+/// First quarter maps to 1 and fourth quarter maps to 4.
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract quarter of year from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result Quarter(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Hour returns hour value for each element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract hour from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Hour(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Minute returns minutes value for each element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract minutes from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Minute(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Second returns seconds value for each element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract seconds from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Second(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Millisecond returns number of milliseconds since the last full second
+/// for each element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract milliseconds from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Millisecond(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Microsecond returns number of microseconds since the last full millisecond
+/// for each element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract microseconds from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Microsecond(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Nanosecond returns number of nanoseconds since the last full millisecond
+/// for each element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract nanoseconds from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Nanosecond(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Subsecond returns the fraction of second elapsed since last full second
+/// as a float for each element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract subsecond from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result Subsecond(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Format timestamps according to a format string
+///
+/// Return formatted time strings according to the format string
+/// `StrftimeOptions::format` and to the locale specifier `Strftime::locale`.
+///
+/// \param[in] values input timestamps
+/// \param[in] options for setting format string and locale
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 6.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result Strftime(const Datum& values, StrftimeOptions options,
+                                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Parse timestamps according to a format string
+///
+/// Return parsed timestamps according to the format string
+/// `StrptimeOptions::format` at time resolution `Strftime::unit`. Parse errors are
+/// raised depending on the `Strftime::error_is_null` setting.
+///
+/// \param[in] values input strings
+/// \param[in] options for setting format string, unit and error_is_null
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result Strptime(const Datum& values, StrptimeOptions options,
+                                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Converts timestamps from local timestamp without a timezone to a timestamp with
+/// timezone, interpreting the local timestamp as being in the specified timezone for each
+/// element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to convert
+/// \param[in] options for setting source timezone, exception and ambiguous timestamp
+/// handling.
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 6.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result AssumeTimezone(const Datum& values,
+                                          AssumeTimezoneOptions options,
+                                          ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief IsDaylightSavings extracts if currently observing daylight savings for each
+/// element of `values`
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to extract daylight savings indicator from
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result IsDaylightSavings(const Datum& values,
+                                             ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief LocalTimestamp converts timestamp to timezone naive local timestamp
+///
+/// \param[in] values input to convert to local time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 12.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result LocalTimestamp(const Datum& values,
+                                          ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Years Between finds the number of years between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result YearsBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                        ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Quarters Between finds the number of quarters between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result QuartersBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                           ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Months Between finds the number of month between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result MonthsBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                         ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Weeks Between finds the number of weeks between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result WeeksBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                        ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Month Day Nano Between finds the number of months, days, and nanoseconds
+/// between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result MonthDayNanoBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                               ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief DayTime Between finds the number of days and milliseconds between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result DayTimeBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                          ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Days Between finds the number of days between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result DaysBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                       ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Hours Between finds the number of hours between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result HoursBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                        ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Minutes Between finds the number of minutes between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result MinutesBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                          ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Seconds Between finds the number of hours between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result SecondsBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                          ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Milliseconds Between finds the number of milliseconds between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result MillisecondsBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                               ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Microseconds Between finds the number of microseconds between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result MicrosecondsBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                               ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Nanoseconds Between finds the number of nanoseconds between two values
+///
+/// \param[in] left input treated as the start time
+/// \param[in] right input treated as the end time
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result NanosecondsBetween(const Datum& left, const Datum& right,
+                                              ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Finds either the FIRST, LAST, or ALL items with a key that matches the given
+/// query key in a map.
+///
+/// Returns an array of items for FIRST and LAST, and an array of list of items for ALL.
+///
+/// \param[in] map to look in
+/// \param[in] options to pass a query key and choose which matching keys to return
+/// (FIRST, LAST or ALL)
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 8.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT Result MapLookup(const Datum& map, MapLookupOptions options,
+                                     ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/api_vector.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/api_vector.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5bcc3732966185e00612619d64a86867e1f4fca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/api_vector.h
@@ -0,0 +1,709 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/compute/function_options.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/ordering.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/type_fwd.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+class ExecContext;
+
+/// \addtogroup compute-concrete-options
+/// @{
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT FilterOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  /// Configure the action taken when a slot of the selection mask is null
+  enum NullSelectionBehavior {
+    /// The corresponding filtered value will be removed in the output.
+    DROP,
+    /// The corresponding filtered value will be null in the output.
+    EMIT_NULL,
+  };
+
+  explicit FilterOptions(NullSelectionBehavior null_selection = DROP);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "FilterOptions";
+  static FilterOptions Defaults() { return FilterOptions(); }
+
+  NullSelectionBehavior null_selection_behavior = DROP;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT TakeOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit TakeOptions(bool boundscheck = true);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "TakeOptions";
+  static TakeOptions BoundsCheck() { return TakeOptions(true); }
+  static TakeOptions NoBoundsCheck() { return TakeOptions(false); }
+  static TakeOptions Defaults() { return BoundsCheck(); }
+
+  bool boundscheck = true;
+};
+
+/// \brief Options for the dictionary encode function
+class ARROW_EXPORT DictionaryEncodeOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  /// Configure how null values will be encoded
+  enum NullEncodingBehavior {
+    /// The null value will be added to the dictionary with a proper index.
+    ENCODE,
+    /// The null value will be masked in the indices array.
+    MASK
+  };
+
+  explicit DictionaryEncodeOptions(NullEncodingBehavior null_encoding = MASK);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "DictionaryEncodeOptions";
+  static DictionaryEncodeOptions Defaults() { return DictionaryEncodeOptions(); }
+
+  NullEncodingBehavior null_encoding_behavior = MASK;
+};
+
+/// \brief Options for the run-end encode function
+class ARROW_EXPORT RunEndEncodeOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit RunEndEncodeOptions(std::shared_ptr run_end_type = int32());
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "RunEndEncodeOptions";
+  static RunEndEncodeOptions Defaults() { return RunEndEncodeOptions(); }
+
+  std::shared_ptr run_end_type;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT ArraySortOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit ArraySortOptions(SortOrder order = SortOrder::Ascending,
+                            NullPlacement null_placement = NullPlacement::AtEnd);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "ArraySortOptions";
+  static ArraySortOptions Defaults() { return ArraySortOptions(); }
+
+  /// Sorting order
+  SortOrder order;
+  /// Whether nulls and NaNs are placed at the start or at the end
+  NullPlacement null_placement;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT SortOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit SortOptions(std::vector sort_keys = {},
+                       NullPlacement null_placement = NullPlacement::AtEnd);
+  explicit SortOptions(const Ordering& ordering);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "SortOptions";
+  static SortOptions Defaults() { return SortOptions(); }
+  /// Convenience constructor to create an ordering from SortOptions
+  ///
+  /// Note: Both classes contain the exact same information.  However,
+  /// sort_options should only be used in a "function options" context while Ordering
+  /// is used more generally.
+  Ordering AsOrdering() && { return Ordering(std::move(sort_keys), null_placement); }
+  Ordering AsOrdering() const& { return Ordering(sort_keys, null_placement); }
+
+  /// Column key(s) to order by and how to order by these sort keys.
+  std::vector sort_keys;
+  /// Whether nulls and NaNs are placed at the start or at the end
+  NullPlacement null_placement;
+};
+
+/// \brief SelectK options
+class ARROW_EXPORT SelectKOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit SelectKOptions(int64_t k = -1, std::vector sort_keys = {});
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "SelectKOptions";
+  static SelectKOptions Defaults() { return SelectKOptions(); }
+
+  static SelectKOptions TopKDefault(int64_t k, std::vector key_names = {}) {
+    std::vector keys;
+    for (const auto& name : key_names) {
+      keys.emplace_back(SortKey(name, SortOrder::Descending));
+    }
+    if (key_names.empty()) {
+      keys.emplace_back(SortKey("not-used", SortOrder::Descending));
+    }
+    return SelectKOptions{k, keys};
+  }
+  static SelectKOptions BottomKDefault(int64_t k,
+                                       std::vector key_names = {}) {
+    std::vector keys;
+    for (const auto& name : key_names) {
+      keys.emplace_back(SortKey(name, SortOrder::Ascending));
+    }
+    if (key_names.empty()) {
+      keys.emplace_back(SortKey("not-used", SortOrder::Ascending));
+    }
+    return SelectKOptions{k, keys};
+  }
+
+  /// The number of `k` elements to keep.
+  int64_t k;
+  /// Column key(s) to order by and how to order by these sort keys.
+  std::vector sort_keys;
+};
+
+/// \brief Rank options
+class ARROW_EXPORT RankOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  /// Configure how ties between equal values are handled
+  enum Tiebreaker {
+    /// Ties get the smallest possible rank in sorted order.
+    Min,
+    /// Ties get the largest possible rank in sorted order.
+    Max,
+    /// Ranks are assigned in order of when ties appear in the input.
+    /// This ensures the ranks are a stable permutation of the input.
+    First,
+    /// The ranks span a dense [1, M] interval where M is the number
+    /// of distinct values in the input.
+    Dense
+  };
+
+  explicit RankOptions(std::vector sort_keys = {},
+                       NullPlacement null_placement = NullPlacement::AtEnd,
+                       Tiebreaker tiebreaker = RankOptions::First);
+  /// Convenience constructor for array inputs
+  explicit RankOptions(SortOrder order,
+                       NullPlacement null_placement = NullPlacement::AtEnd,
+                       Tiebreaker tiebreaker = RankOptions::First)
+      : RankOptions({SortKey("", order)}, null_placement, tiebreaker) {}
+
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "RankOptions";
+  static RankOptions Defaults() { return RankOptions(); }
+
+  /// Column key(s) to order by and how to order by these sort keys.
+  std::vector sort_keys;
+  /// Whether nulls and NaNs are placed at the start or at the end
+  NullPlacement null_placement;
+  /// Tiebreaker for dealing with equal values in ranks
+  Tiebreaker tiebreaker;
+};
+
+/// \brief Partitioning options for NthToIndices
+class ARROW_EXPORT PartitionNthOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit PartitionNthOptions(int64_t pivot,
+                               NullPlacement null_placement = NullPlacement::AtEnd);
+  PartitionNthOptions() : PartitionNthOptions(0) {}
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "PartitionNthOptions";
+
+  /// The index into the equivalent sorted array of the partition pivot element.
+  int64_t pivot;
+  /// Whether nulls and NaNs are partitioned at the start or at the end
+  NullPlacement null_placement;
+};
+
+/// \brief Options for cumulative functions
+/// \note Also aliased as CumulativeSumOptions for backward compatibility
+class ARROW_EXPORT CumulativeOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit CumulativeOptions(bool skip_nulls = false);
+  explicit CumulativeOptions(double start, bool skip_nulls = false);
+  explicit CumulativeOptions(std::shared_ptr start, bool skip_nulls = false);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "CumulativeOptions";
+  static CumulativeOptions Defaults() { return CumulativeOptions(); }
+
+  /// Optional starting value for cumulative operation computation, default depends on the
+  /// operation and input type.
+  /// - sum: 0
+  /// - prod: 1
+  /// - min: maximum of the input type
+  /// - max: minimum of the input type
+  /// - mean: start is ignored because it has no meaning for mean
+  std::optional> start;
+
+  /// If true, nulls in the input are ignored and produce a corresponding null output.
+  /// When false, the first null encountered is propagated through the remaining output.
+  bool skip_nulls = false;
+};
+using CumulativeSumOptions = CumulativeOptions;  // For backward compatibility
+
+/// \brief Options for pairwise functions
+class ARROW_EXPORT PairwiseOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit PairwiseOptions(int64_t periods = 1);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "PairwiseOptions";
+  static PairwiseOptions Defaults() { return PairwiseOptions(); }
+
+  /// Periods to shift for applying the binary operation, accepts negative values.
+  int64_t periods = 1;
+};
+
+/// \brief Options for list_flatten function
+class ARROW_EXPORT ListFlattenOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit ListFlattenOptions(bool recursive = false);
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "ListFlattenOptions";
+  static ListFlattenOptions Defaults() { return ListFlattenOptions(); }
+
+  /// \brief If true, the list is flattened recursively until a non-list
+  /// array is formed.
+  bool recursive = false;
+};
+
+/// @}
+
+/// \brief Filter with a boolean selection filter
+///
+/// The output will be populated with values from the input at positions
+/// where the selection filter is not 0. Nulls in the filter will be handled
+/// based on options.null_selection_behavior.
+///
+/// For example given values = ["a", "b", "c", null, "e", "f"] and
+/// filter = [0, 1, 1, 0, null, 1], the output will be
+/// (null_selection_behavior == DROP)      = ["b", "c", "f"]
+/// (null_selection_behavior == EMIT_NULL) = ["b", "c", null, "f"]
+///
+/// \param[in] values array to filter
+/// \param[in] filter indicates which values should be filtered out
+/// \param[in] options configures null_selection_behavior
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Filter(const Datum& values, const Datum& filter,
+                     const FilterOptions& options = FilterOptions::Defaults(),
+                     ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// These internal functions are implemented in kernels/vector_selection.cc
+
+/// \brief Return the number of selected indices in the boolean filter
+///
+/// \param filter a plain or run-end encoded boolean array with or without nulls
+/// \param null_selection how to handle nulls in the filter
+ARROW_EXPORT
+int64_t GetFilterOutputSize(const ArraySpan& filter,
+                            FilterOptions::NullSelectionBehavior null_selection);
+
+/// \brief Compute uint64 selection indices for use with Take given a boolean
+/// filter
+///
+/// \param filter a plain or run-end encoded boolean array with or without nulls
+/// \param null_selection how to handle nulls in the filter
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> GetTakeIndices(
+    const ArraySpan& filter, FilterOptions::NullSelectionBehavior null_selection,
+    MemoryPool* memory_pool = default_memory_pool());
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+/// \brief ReplaceWithMask replaces each value in the array corresponding
+/// to a true value in the mask with the next element from `replacements`.
+///
+/// \param[in] values Array input to replace
+/// \param[in] mask Array or Scalar of Boolean mask values
+/// \param[in] replacements The replacement values to draw from. There must
+/// be as many replacement values as true values in the mask.
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+///
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 5.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result ReplaceWithMask(const Datum& values, const Datum& mask,
+                              const Datum& replacements, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief FillNullForward fill null values in forward direction
+///
+/// The output array will be of the same type as the input values
+/// array, with replaced null values in forward direction.
+///
+/// For example given values = ["a", "b", "c", null, null, "f"],
+/// the output will be = ["a", "b", "c", "c", "c", "f"]
+///
+/// \param[in] values datum from which to take
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result FillNullForward(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief FillNullBackward fill null values in backward direction
+///
+/// The output array will be of the same type as the input values
+/// array, with replaced null values in backward direction.
+///
+/// For example given values = ["a", "b", "c", null, null, "f"],
+/// the output will be = ["a", "b", "c", "f", "f", "f"]
+///
+/// \param[in] values datum from which to take
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result FillNullBackward(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Take from an array of values at indices in another array
+///
+/// The output array will be of the same type as the input values
+/// array, with elements taken from the values array at the given
+/// indices. If an index is null then the taken element will be null.
+///
+/// For example given values = ["a", "b", "c", null, "e", "f"] and
+/// indices = [2, 1, null, 3], the output will be
+/// = [values[2], values[1], null, values[3]]
+/// = ["c", "b", null, null]
+///
+/// \param[in] values datum from which to take
+/// \param[in] indices which values to take
+/// \param[in] options options
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Take(const Datum& values, const Datum& indices,
+                   const TakeOptions& options = TakeOptions::Defaults(),
+                   ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Take with Array inputs and output
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> Take(const Array& values, const Array& indices,
+                                    const TakeOptions& options = TakeOptions::Defaults(),
+                                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Drop Null from an array of values
+///
+/// The output array will be of the same type as the input values
+/// array, with elements taken from the values array without nulls.
+///
+/// For example given values = ["a", "b", "c", null, "e", "f"],
+/// the output will be = ["a", "b", "c", "e", "f"]
+///
+/// \param[in] values datum from which to take
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result DropNull(const Datum& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief DropNull with Array inputs and output
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> DropNull(const Array& values, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Return indices that partition an array around n-th sorted element.
+///
+/// Find index of n-th(0 based) smallest value and perform indirect
+/// partition of an array around that element. Output indices[0 ~ n-1]
+/// holds values no greater than n-th element, and indices[n+1 ~ end]
+/// holds values no less than n-th element. Elements in each partition
+/// is not sorted. Nulls will be partitioned to the end of the output.
+/// Output is not guaranteed to be stable.
+///
+/// \param[in] values array to be partitioned
+/// \param[in] n pivot array around sorted n-th element
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return offsets indices that would partition an array
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> NthToIndices(const Array& values, int64_t n,
+                                            ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Return indices that partition an array around n-th sorted element.
+///
+/// This overload takes a PartitionNthOptions specifying the pivot index
+/// and the null handling.
+///
+/// \param[in] values array to be partitioned
+/// \param[in] options options including pivot index and null handling
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return offsets indices that would partition an array
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> NthToIndices(const Array& values,
+                                            const PartitionNthOptions& options,
+                                            ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Return indices that would select the first `k` elements.
+///
+/// Perform an indirect sort of the datum, keeping only the first `k` elements. The output
+/// array will contain indices such that the item indicated by the k-th index will be in
+/// the position it would be if the datum were sorted by `options.sort_keys`. However,
+/// indices of null values will not be part of the output. The sort is not guaranteed to
+/// be stable.
+///
+/// \param[in] datum datum to be partitioned
+/// \param[in] options options
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return a datum with the same schema as the input
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> SelectKUnstable(const Datum& datum,
+                                               const SelectKOptions& options,
+                                               ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Return the indices that would sort an array.
+///
+/// Perform an indirect sort of array. The output array will contain
+/// indices that would sort an array, which would be the same length
+/// as input. Nulls will be stably partitioned to the end of the output
+/// regardless of order.
+///
+/// For example given array = [null, 1, 3.3, null, 2, 5.3] and order
+/// = SortOrder::DESCENDING, the output will be [5, 2, 4, 1, 0,
+/// 3].
+///
+/// \param[in] array array to sort
+/// \param[in] order ascending or descending
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return offsets indices that would sort an array
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> SortIndices(const Array& array,
+                                           SortOrder order = SortOrder::Ascending,
+                                           ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Return the indices that would sort an array.
+///
+/// This overload takes a ArraySortOptions specifying the sort order
+/// and the null handling.
+///
+/// \param[in] array array to sort
+/// \param[in] options options including sort order and null handling
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return offsets indices that would sort an array
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> SortIndices(const Array& array,
+                                           const ArraySortOptions& options,
+                                           ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Return the indices that would sort a chunked array.
+///
+/// Perform an indirect sort of chunked array. The output array will
+/// contain indices that would sort a chunked array, which would be
+/// the same length as input. Nulls will be stably partitioned to the
+/// end of the output regardless of order.
+///
+/// For example given chunked_array = [[null, 1], [3.3], [null, 2,
+/// 5.3]] and order = SortOrder::DESCENDING, the output will be [5, 2,
+/// 4, 1, 0, 3].
+///
+/// \param[in] chunked_array chunked array to sort
+/// \param[in] order ascending or descending
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return offsets indices that would sort an array
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> SortIndices(const ChunkedArray& chunked_array,
+                                           SortOrder order = SortOrder::Ascending,
+                                           ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Return the indices that would sort a chunked array.
+///
+/// This overload takes a ArraySortOptions specifying the sort order
+/// and the null handling.
+///
+/// \param[in] chunked_array chunked array to sort
+/// \param[in] options options including sort order and null handling
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return offsets indices that would sort an array
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> SortIndices(const ChunkedArray& chunked_array,
+                                           const ArraySortOptions& options,
+                                           ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Return the indices that would sort an input in the
+/// specified order. Input is one of array, chunked array record batch
+/// or table.
+///
+/// Perform an indirect sort of input. The output array will contain
+/// indices that would sort an input, which would be the same length
+/// as input. Nulls will be stably partitioned to the start or to the end
+/// of the output depending on SortOrder::null_placement.
+///
+/// For example given input (table) = {
+/// "column1": [[null,   1], [   3, null, 2, 1]],
+/// "column2": [[   5], [3,   null, null, 5, 5]],
+/// } and options = {
+/// {"column1", SortOrder::Ascending},
+/// {"column2", SortOrder::Descending},
+/// }, the output will be [5, 1, 4, 2, 0, 3].
+///
+/// \param[in] datum array, chunked array, record batch or table to sort
+/// \param[in] options options
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return offsets indices that would sort a table
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> SortIndices(const Datum& datum, const SortOptions& options,
+                                           ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute unique elements from an array-like object
+///
+/// Note if a null occurs in the input it will NOT be included in the output.
+///
+/// \param[in] datum array-like input
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return result as Array
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> Unique(const Datum& datum, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+// Constants for accessing the output of ValueCounts
+ARROW_EXPORT extern const char kValuesFieldName[];
+ARROW_EXPORT extern const char kCountsFieldName[];
+ARROW_EXPORT extern const int32_t kValuesFieldIndex;
+ARROW_EXPORT extern const int32_t kCountsFieldIndex;
+
+/// \brief Return counts of unique elements from an array-like object.
+///
+/// Note that the counts do not include counts for nulls in the array.  These can be
+/// obtained separately from metadata.
+///
+/// For floating point arrays there is no attempt to normalize -0.0, 0.0 and NaN values
+/// which can lead to unexpected results if the input Array has these values.
+///
+/// \param[in] value array-like input
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return counts An array of   structs.
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> ValueCounts(const Datum& value,
+                                                 ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Dictionary-encode values in an array-like object
+///
+/// Any nulls encountered in the dictionary will be handled according to the
+/// specified null encoding behavior.
+///
+/// For example, given values ["a", "b", null, "a", null] the output will be
+/// (null_encoding == ENCODE) Indices: [0, 1, 2, 0, 2] / Dict: ["a", "b", null]
+/// (null_encoding == MASK)   Indices: [0, 1, null, 0, null] / Dict: ["a", "b"]
+///
+/// If the input is already dictionary encoded this function is a no-op unless
+/// it needs to modify the null_encoding (TODO)
+///
+/// \param[in] data array-like input
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \param[in] options configures null encoding behavior
+/// \return result with same shape and type as input
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result DictionaryEncode(
+    const Datum& data,
+    const DictionaryEncodeOptions& options = DictionaryEncodeOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Run-end-encode values in an array-like object
+///
+/// The returned run-end encoded type uses the same value type of the input and
+/// run-end type defined in the options.
+///
+/// \param[in] value array-like input
+/// \param[in] options configures encoding behavior
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return result with same shape but run-end encoded
+///
+/// \since 12.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result RunEndEncode(
+    const Datum& value,
+    const RunEndEncodeOptions& options = RunEndEncodeOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Decode a Run-End Encoded array to a plain array
+///
+/// The output data type is the same as the values array type of run-end encoded
+/// input.
+///
+/// \param[in] value run-end-encoded input
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return plain array resulting from decoding the run-end encoded input
+///
+/// \since 12.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result RunEndDecode(const Datum& value, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the cumulative sum of an array-like object
+///
+/// \param[in] values array-like input
+/// \param[in] options configures cumulative sum behavior
+/// \param[in] check_overflow whether to check for overflow, if true, return Invalid
+/// status on overflow, otherwise wrap around on overflow
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result CumulativeSum(
+    const Datum& values, const CumulativeOptions& options = CumulativeOptions::Defaults(),
+    bool check_overflow = false, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the cumulative product of an array-like object
+///
+/// \param[in] values array-like input
+/// \param[in] options configures cumulative prod behavior
+/// \param[in] check_overflow whether to check for overflow, if true, return Invalid
+/// status on overflow, otherwise wrap around on overflow
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result CumulativeProd(
+    const Datum& values, const CumulativeOptions& options = CumulativeOptions::Defaults(),
+    bool check_overflow = false, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the cumulative max of an array-like object
+///
+/// \param[in] values array-like input
+/// \param[in] options configures cumulative max behavior
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result CumulativeMax(
+    const Datum& values, const CumulativeOptions& options = CumulativeOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the cumulative min of an array-like object
+///
+/// \param[in] values array-like input
+/// \param[in] options configures cumulative min behavior
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result CumulativeMin(
+    const Datum& values, const CumulativeOptions& options = CumulativeOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Compute the cumulative mean of an array-like object
+///
+/// \param[in] values array-like input
+/// \param[in] options configures cumulative mean behavior, `start` is ignored
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result CumulativeMean(
+    const Datum& values, const CumulativeOptions& options = CumulativeOptions::Defaults(),
+    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Return the first order difference of an array.
+///
+/// Computes the first order difference of an array, i.e.
+///   output[i] = input[i] - input[i - p]  if i >= p
+///   output[i] = null                     otherwise
+/// where p is the period. For example, with p = 1,
+///   Diff([1, 4, 9, 10, 15]) = [null, 3, 5, 1, 5].
+/// With p = 2,
+///   Diff([1, 4, 9, 10, 15]) = [null, null, 8, 6, 6]
+/// p can also be negative, in which case the diff is computed in
+/// the opposite direction.
+/// \param[in] array array input
+/// \param[in] options options, specifying overflow behavior and period
+/// \param[in] check_overflow whether to return error on overflow
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return result as array
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> PairwiseDiff(const Array& array,
+                                            const PairwiseOptions& options,
+                                            bool check_overflow = false,
+                                            ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/cast.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/cast.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..18e56092dda2a5f8f997de5b5cd1c81262e77a8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/cast.h
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/compute/function.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/function_options.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/type.h"
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+class Array;
+
+namespace compute {
+
+class ExecContext;
+
+/// \addtogroup compute-concrete-options
+/// @{
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT CastOptions : public FunctionOptions {
+ public:
+  explicit CastOptions(bool safe = true);
+
+  static constexpr char const kTypeName[] = "CastOptions";
+  static CastOptions Safe(TypeHolder to_type = {}) {
+    CastOptions safe(true);
+    safe.to_type = std::move(to_type);
+    return safe;
+  }
+
+  static CastOptions Unsafe(TypeHolder to_type = {}) {
+    CastOptions unsafe(false);
+    unsafe.to_type = std::move(to_type);
+    return unsafe;
+  }
+
+  // Type being casted to. May be passed separate to eager function
+  // compute::Cast
+  TypeHolder to_type;
+
+  bool allow_int_overflow;
+  bool allow_time_truncate;
+  bool allow_time_overflow;
+  bool allow_decimal_truncate;
+  bool allow_float_truncate;
+  // Indicate if conversions from Binary/FixedSizeBinary to string must
+  // validate the utf8 payload.
+  bool allow_invalid_utf8;
+
+  /// true if the safety options all match CastOptions::Safe
+  ///
+  /// Note, if this returns false it does not mean is_unsafe will return true
+  bool is_safe() const;
+  /// true if the safety options all match CastOptions::Unsafe
+  ///
+  /// Note, if this returns false it does not mean is_safe will return true
+  bool is_unsafe() const;
+};
+
+/// @}
+
+/// \brief Return true if a cast function is defined
+ARROW_EXPORT
+bool CanCast(const DataType& from_type, const DataType& to_type);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Convenience invocation APIs for a number of kernels
+
+/// \brief Cast from one array type to another
+/// \param[in] value array to cast
+/// \param[in] to_type type to cast to
+/// \param[in] options casting options
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting array
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> Cast(const Array& value, const TypeHolder& to_type,
+                                    const CastOptions& options = CastOptions::Safe(),
+                                    ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Cast from one array type to another
+/// \param[in] value array to cast
+/// \param[in] options casting options. The "to_type" field must be populated
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting array
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Cast(const Datum& value, const CastOptions& options,
+                   ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Cast from one value to another
+/// \param[in] value datum to cast
+/// \param[in] to_type type to cast to
+/// \param[in] options casting options
+/// \param[in] ctx the function execution context, optional
+/// \return the resulting datum
+///
+/// \since 1.0.0
+/// \note API not yet finalized
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result Cast(const Datum& value, const TypeHolder& to_type,
+                   const CastOptions& options = CastOptions::Safe(),
+                   ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/exec.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/exec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fbefe4a1ab7b7e432e07607f674b5de1c947cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/exec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// NOTE: API is EXPERIMENTAL and will change without going through a
+// deprecation cycle
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/array/data.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/expression.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/datum.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+// It seems like 64K might be a good default chunksize to use for execution
+// based on the experience of other query processing systems. The current
+// default is not to chunk contiguous arrays, though, but this may change in
+// the future once parallel execution is implemented
+static constexpr int64_t kDefaultExecChunksize = UINT16_MAX;
+
+/// \brief Context for expression-global variables and options used by
+/// function evaluation
+class ARROW_EXPORT ExecContext {
+ public:
+  // If no function registry passed, the default is used.
+  explicit ExecContext(MemoryPool* pool = default_memory_pool(),
+                       ::arrow::internal::Executor* executor = NULLPTR,
+                       FunctionRegistry* func_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+  /// \brief The MemoryPool used for allocations, default is
+  /// default_memory_pool().
+  MemoryPool* memory_pool() const { return pool_; }
+
+  const ::arrow::internal::CpuInfo* cpu_info() const;
+
+  /// \brief An Executor which may be used to parallelize execution.
+  ::arrow::internal::Executor* executor() const { return executor_; }
+
+  /// \brief The FunctionRegistry for looking up functions by name and
+  /// selecting kernels for execution. Defaults to the library-global function
+  /// registry provided by GetFunctionRegistry.
+  FunctionRegistry* func_registry() const { return func_registry_; }
+
+  // \brief Set maximum length unit of work for kernel execution. Larger
+  // contiguous array inputs will be split into smaller chunks, and, if
+  // possible and enabled, processed in parallel. The default chunksize is
+  // INT64_MAX, so contiguous arrays are not split.
+  void set_exec_chunksize(int64_t chunksize) { exec_chunksize_ = chunksize; }
+
+  // \brief Maximum length for ExecBatch data chunks processed by
+  // kernels. Contiguous array inputs with longer length will be split into
+  // smaller chunks.
+  int64_t exec_chunksize() const { return exec_chunksize_; }
+
+  /// \brief Set whether to use multiple threads for function execution. This
+  /// is not yet used.
+  void set_use_threads(bool use_threads = true) { use_threads_ = use_threads; }
+
+  /// \brief If true, then utilize multiple threads where relevant for function
+  /// execution. This is not yet used.
+  bool use_threads() const { return use_threads_; }
+
+  // Set the preallocation strategy for kernel execution as it relates to
+  // chunked execution. For chunked execution, whether via ChunkedArray inputs
+  // or splitting larger Array arguments into smaller pieces, contiguous
+  // allocation (if permitted by the kernel) will allocate one large array to
+  // write output into yielding it to the caller at the end. If this option is
+  // set to off, then preallocations will be performed independently for each
+  // chunk of execution
+  //
+  // TODO: At some point we might want the limit the size of contiguous
+  // preallocations. For example, even if the exec_chunksize is 64K or less, we
+  // might limit contiguous allocations to 1M records, say.
+  void set_preallocate_contiguous(bool preallocate) {
+    preallocate_contiguous_ = preallocate;
+  }
+
+  /// \brief If contiguous preallocations should be used when doing chunked
+  /// execution as specified by exec_chunksize(). See
+  /// set_preallocate_contiguous() for more information.
+  bool preallocate_contiguous() const { return preallocate_contiguous_; }
+
+ private:
+  MemoryPool* pool_;
+  ::arrow::internal::Executor* executor_;
+  FunctionRegistry* func_registry_;
+  int64_t exec_chunksize_ = std::numeric_limits::max();
+  bool preallocate_contiguous_ = true;
+  bool use_threads_ = true;
+};
+
+// TODO: Consider standardizing on uint16 selection vectors and only use them
+// when we can ensure that each value is 64K length or smaller
+
+/// \brief Container for an array of value selection indices that were
+/// materialized from a filter.
+///
+/// Columnar query engines (see e.g. [1]) have found that rather than
+/// materializing filtered data, the filter can instead be converted to an
+/// array of the "on" indices and then "fusing" these indices in operator
+/// implementations. This is especially relevant for aggregations but also
+/// applies to scalar operations.
+///
+/// We are not yet using this so this is mostly a placeholder for now.
+///
+/// [1]: http://cidrdb.org/cidr2005/papers/P19.pdf
+class ARROW_EXPORT SelectionVector {
+ public:
+  explicit SelectionVector(std::shared_ptr data);
+
+  explicit SelectionVector(const Array& arr);
+
+  /// \brief Create SelectionVector from boolean mask
+  static Result> FromMask(const BooleanArray& arr);
+
+  const int32_t* indices() const { return indices_; }
+  int32_t length() const;
+
+ private:
+  std::shared_ptr data_;
+  const int32_t* indices_;
+};
+
+/// An index to represent that a batch does not belong to an ordered stream
+constexpr int64_t kUnsequencedIndex = -1;
+
+/// \brief A unit of work for kernel execution. It contains a collection of
+/// Array and Scalar values and an optional SelectionVector indicating that
+/// there is an unmaterialized filter that either must be materialized, or (if
+/// the kernel supports it) pushed down into the kernel implementation.
+///
+/// ExecBatch is semantically similar to RecordBatch in that in a SQL context
+/// it represents a collection of records, but constant "columns" are
+/// represented by Scalar values rather than having to be converted into arrays
+/// with repeated values.
+///
+/// TODO: Datum uses arrow/util/variant.h which may be a bit heavier-weight
+/// than is desirable for this class. Microbenchmarks would help determine for
+/// sure. See ARROW-8928.
+
+/// \addtogroup acero-internals
+/// @{
+
+struct ARROW_EXPORT ExecBatch {
+  ExecBatch() = default;
+  ExecBatch(std::vector values, int64_t length)
+      : values(std::move(values)), length(length) {}
+
+  explicit ExecBatch(const RecordBatch& batch);
+
+  /// \brief Infer the ExecBatch length from values.
+  static Result InferLength(const std::vector& values);
+
+  /// Creates an ExecBatch with length-validation.
+  ///
+  /// If any value is given, then all values must have a common length. If the given
+  /// length is negative, then the length of the ExecBatch is set to this common length,
+  /// or to 1 if no values are given. Otherwise, the given length must equal the common
+  /// length, if any value is given.
+  static Result Make(std::vector values, int64_t length = -1);
+
+  Result> ToRecordBatch(
+      std::shared_ptr schema, MemoryPool* pool = default_memory_pool()) const;
+
+  /// The values representing positional arguments to be passed to a kernel's
+  /// exec function for processing.
+  std::vector values;
+
+  /// A deferred filter represented as an array of indices into the values.
+  ///
+  /// For example, the filter [true, true, false, true] would be represented as
+  /// the selection vector [0, 1, 3]. When the selection vector is set,
+  /// ExecBatch::length is equal to the length of this array.
+  std::shared_ptr selection_vector;
+
+  /// A predicate Expression guaranteed to evaluate to true for all rows in this batch.
+  Expression guarantee = literal(true);
+
+  /// The semantic length of the ExecBatch. When the values are all scalars,
+  /// the length should be set to 1 for non-aggregate kernels, otherwise the
+  /// length is taken from the array values, except when there is a selection
+  /// vector. When there is a selection vector set, the length of the batch is
+  /// the length of the selection. Aggregate kernels can have an ExecBatch
+  /// formed by projecting just the partition columns from a batch in which
+  /// case, it would have scalar rows with length greater than 1.
+  ///
+  /// If the array values are of length 0 then the length is 0 regardless of
+  /// whether any values are Scalar.
+  int64_t length = 0;
+
+  /// \brief index of this batch in a sorted stream of batches
+  ///
+  /// This index must be strictly monotonic starting at 0 without gaps or
+  /// it can be set to kUnsequencedIndex if there is no meaningful order
+  int64_t index = kUnsequencedIndex;
+
+  /// \brief The sum of bytes in each buffer referenced by the batch
+  ///
+  /// Note: Scalars are not counted
+  /// Note: Some values may referenced only part of a buffer, for
+  ///       example, an array with an offset.  The actual data
+  ///       visible to this batch will be smaller than the total
+  ///       buffer size in this case.
+  int64_t TotalBufferSize() const;
+
+  /// \brief Return the value at the i-th index
+  template 
+  inline const Datum& operator[](index_type i) const {
+    return values[i];
+  }
+
+  bool Equals(const ExecBatch& other) const;
+
+  /// \brief A convenience for the number of values / arguments.
+  int num_values() const { return static_cast(values.size()); }
+
+  ExecBatch Slice(int64_t offset, int64_t length) const;
+
+  Result SelectValues(const std::vector& ids) const;
+
+  /// \brief A convenience for returning the types from the batch.
+  std::vector GetTypes() const {
+    std::vector result;
+    for (const auto& value : this->values) {
+      result.emplace_back(value.type());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  std::string ToString() const;
+};
+
+inline bool operator==(const ExecBatch& l, const ExecBatch& r) { return l.Equals(r); }
+inline bool operator!=(const ExecBatch& l, const ExecBatch& r) { return !l.Equals(r); }
+
+ARROW_EXPORT void PrintTo(const ExecBatch&, std::ostream*);
+
+/// @}
+
+/// \defgroup compute-internals Utilities for calling functions, useful for those
+/// extending the function registry
+///
+/// @{
+
+struct ExecValue {
+  ArraySpan array = {};
+  const Scalar* scalar = NULLPTR;
+
+  ExecValue(Scalar* scalar)  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+      : scalar(scalar) {}
+
+  ExecValue(ArraySpan array)  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+      : array(std::move(array)) {}
+
+  ExecValue(const ArrayData& array) {  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+    this->array.SetMembers(array);
+  }
+
+  ExecValue() = default;
+  ExecValue(const ExecValue& other) = default;
+  ExecValue& operator=(const ExecValue& other) = default;
+  ExecValue(ExecValue&& other) = default;
+  ExecValue& operator=(ExecValue&& other) = default;
+
+  int64_t length() const { return this->is_array() ? this->array.length : 1; }
+
+  bool is_array() const { return this->scalar == NULLPTR; }
+  bool is_scalar() const { return !this->is_array(); }
+
+  void SetArray(const ArrayData& array) {
+    this->array.SetMembers(array);
+    this->scalar = NULLPTR;
+  }
+
+  void SetScalar(const Scalar* scalar) { this->scalar = scalar; }
+
+  template 
+  const ExactType& scalar_as() const {
+    return ::arrow::internal::checked_cast(*this->scalar);
+  }
+
+  /// XXX: here temporarily for compatibility with datum, see
+  /// e.g. MakeStructExec in scalar_nested.cc
+  int64_t null_count() const {
+    if (this->is_array()) {
+      return this->array.GetNullCount();
+    } else {
+      return this->scalar->is_valid ? 0 : 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const DataType* type() const {
+    if (this->is_array()) {
+      return array.type;
+    } else {
+      return scalar->type.get();
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+struct ARROW_EXPORT ExecResult {
+  // The default value of the variant is ArraySpan
+  std::variant> value;
+
+  int64_t length() const {
+    if (this->is_array_span()) {
+      return this->array_span()->length;
+    } else {
+      return this->array_data()->length;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const DataType* type() const {
+    if (this->is_array_span()) {
+      return this->array_span()->type;
+    } else {
+      return this->array_data()->type.get();
+    }
+  }
+
+  const ArraySpan* array_span() const { return &std::get(this->value); }
+  ArraySpan* array_span_mutable() { return &std::get(this->value); }
+
+  bool is_array_span() const { return this->value.index() == 0; }
+
+  const std::shared_ptr& array_data() const {
+    return std::get>(this->value);
+  }
+  ArrayData* array_data_mutable() {
+    return std::get>(this->value).get();
+  }
+
+  bool is_array_data() const { return this->value.index() == 1; }
+};
+
+/// \brief A "lightweight" column batch object which contains no
+/// std::shared_ptr objects and does not have any memory ownership
+/// semantics. Can represent a view onto an "owning" ExecBatch.
+struct ARROW_EXPORT ExecSpan {
+  ExecSpan() = default;
+  ExecSpan(const ExecSpan& other) = default;
+  ExecSpan& operator=(const ExecSpan& other) = default;
+  ExecSpan(ExecSpan&& other) = default;
+  ExecSpan& operator=(ExecSpan&& other) = default;
+
+  explicit ExecSpan(std::vector values, int64_t length)
+      : length(length), values(std::move(values)) {}
+
+  explicit ExecSpan(const ExecBatch& batch) {
+    this->length = batch.length;
+    this->values.resize(batch.values.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < batch.values.size(); ++i) {
+      const Datum& in_value = batch[i];
+      ExecValue* out_value = &this->values[i];
+      if (in_value.is_array()) {
+        out_value->SetArray(*in_value.array());
+      } else {
+        out_value->SetScalar(in_value.scalar().get());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Return the value at the i-th index
+  template 
+  inline const ExecValue& operator[](index_type i) const {
+    return values[i];
+  }
+
+  /// \brief A convenience for the number of values / arguments.
+  int num_values() const { return static_cast(values.size()); }
+
+  std::vector GetTypes() const {
+    std::vector result;
+    for (const auto& value : this->values) {
+      result.emplace_back(value.type());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  ExecBatch ToExecBatch() const {
+    ExecBatch result;
+    result.length = this->length;
+    for (const ExecValue& value : this->values) {
+      if (value.is_array()) {
+        result.values.push_back(value.array.ToArrayData());
+      } else {
+        result.values.push_back(value.scalar->GetSharedPtr());
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  int64_t length = 0;
+  std::vector values;
+};
+
+/// \defgroup compute-call-function One-shot calls to compute functions
+///
+/// @{
+
+/// \brief One-shot invoker for all types of functions.
+///
+/// Does kernel dispatch, argument checking, iteration of ChunkedArray inputs,
+/// and wrapping of outputs.
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result CallFunction(const std::string& func_name, const std::vector& args,
+                           const FunctionOptions* options, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Variant of CallFunction which uses a function's default options.
+///
+/// NB: Some functions require FunctionOptions be provided.
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result CallFunction(const std::string& func_name, const std::vector& args,
+                           ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief One-shot invoker for all types of functions.
+///
+/// Does kernel dispatch, argument checking, iteration of ChunkedArray inputs,
+/// and wrapping of outputs.
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result CallFunction(const std::string& func_name, const ExecBatch& batch,
+                           const FunctionOptions* options, ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief Variant of CallFunction which uses a function's default options.
+///
+/// NB: Some functions require FunctionOptions be provided.
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result CallFunction(const std::string& func_name, const ExecBatch& batch,
+                           ExecContext* ctx = NULLPTR);
+
+/// @}
+
+/// \defgroup compute-function-executor One-shot calls to obtain function executors
+///
+/// @{
+
+/// \brief One-shot executor provider for all types of functions.
+///
+/// This function creates and initializes a `FunctionExecutor` appropriate
+/// for the given function name, input types and function options.
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> GetFunctionExecutor(
+    const std::string& func_name, std::vector in_types,
+    const FunctionOptions* options = NULLPTR, FunctionRegistry* func_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+/// \brief One-shot executor provider for all types of functions.
+///
+/// This function creates and initializes a `FunctionExecutor` appropriate
+/// for the given function name, input types (taken from the Datum arguments)
+/// and function options.
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Result> GetFunctionExecutor(
+    const std::string& func_name, const std::vector& args,
+    const FunctionOptions* options = NULLPTR, FunctionRegistry* func_registry = NULLPTR);
+
+/// @}
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/function.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/function.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b86f642166e2ccb8a49e3842d98120d59cb25e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/function.h
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// NOTE: API is EXPERIMENTAL and will change without going through a
+// deprecation cycle.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/compute/kernel.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/datum.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/util/compare.h"
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+/// \addtogroup compute-functions
+/// @{
+
+/// \brief Contains the number of required arguments for the function.
+///
+/// Naming conventions taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arity.
+struct ARROW_EXPORT Arity {
+  /// \brief A function taking no arguments
+  static Arity Nullary() { return Arity(0, false); }
+
+  /// \brief A function taking 1 argument
+  static Arity Unary() { return Arity(1, false); }
+
+  /// \brief A function taking 2 arguments
+  static Arity Binary() { return Arity(2, false); }
+
+  /// \brief A function taking 3 arguments
+  static Arity Ternary() { return Arity(3, false); }
+
+  /// \brief A function taking a variable number of arguments
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] min_args the minimum number of arguments required when
+  /// invoking the function
+  static Arity VarArgs(int min_args = 0) { return Arity(min_args, true); }
+
+  // NOTE: the 0-argument form (default constructor) is required for Cython
+  explicit Arity(int num_args = 0, bool is_varargs = false)
+      : num_args(num_args), is_varargs(is_varargs) {}
+
+  /// The number of required arguments (or the minimum number for varargs
+  /// functions).
+  int num_args;
+
+  /// If true, then the num_args is the minimum number of required arguments.
+  bool is_varargs = false;
+};
+
+struct ARROW_EXPORT FunctionDoc {
+  /// \brief A one-line summary of the function, using a verb.
+  ///
+  /// For example, "Add two numeric arrays or scalars".
+  std::string summary;
+
+  /// \brief A detailed description of the function, meant to follow the summary.
+  std::string description;
+
+  /// \brief Symbolic names (identifiers) for the function arguments.
+  ///
+  /// Some bindings may use this to generate nicer function signatures.
+  std::vector arg_names;
+
+  // TODO add argument descriptions?
+
+  /// \brief Name of the options class, if any.
+  std::string options_class;
+
+  /// \brief Whether options are required for function execution
+  ///
+  /// If false, then either the function does not have an options class
+  /// or there is a usable default options value.
+  bool options_required;
+
+  FunctionDoc() = default;
+
+  FunctionDoc(std::string summary, std::string description,
+              std::vector arg_names, std::string options_class = "",
+              bool options_required = false)
+      : summary(std::move(summary)),
+        description(std::move(description)),
+        arg_names(std::move(arg_names)),
+        options_class(std::move(options_class)),
+        options_required(options_required) {}
+
+  static const FunctionDoc& Empty();
+};
+
+/// \brief An executor of a function with a preconfigured kernel
+class ARROW_EXPORT FunctionExecutor {
+ public:
+  virtual ~FunctionExecutor() = default;
+  /// \brief Initialize or re-initialize the preconfigured kernel
+  ///
+  /// This method may be called zero or more times. Depending on how
+  /// the FunctionExecutor was obtained, it may already have been initialized.
+  virtual Status Init(const FunctionOptions* options = NULLPTR,
+                      ExecContext* exec_ctx = NULLPTR) = 0;
+  /// \brief Execute the preconfigured kernel with arguments that must fit it
+  ///
+  /// The method requires the arguments be castable to the preconfigured types.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] args Arguments to execute the function on
+  /// \param[in] length Length of arguments batch or -1 to default it. If the
+  /// function has no parameters, this determines the batch length, defaulting
+  /// to 0. Otherwise, if the function is scalar, this must equal the argument
+  /// batch's inferred length or be -1 to default to it. This is ignored for
+  /// vector functions.
+  virtual Result Execute(const std::vector& args, int64_t length = -1) = 0;
+};
+
+/// \brief Base class for compute functions. Function implementations contain a
+/// collection of "kernels" which are implementations of the function for
+/// specific argument types. Selecting a viable kernel for executing a function
+/// is referred to as "dispatching".
+class ARROW_EXPORT Function {
+ public:
+  /// \brief The kind of function, which indicates in what contexts it is
+  /// valid for use.
+  enum Kind {
+    /// A function that performs scalar data operations on whole arrays of
+    /// data. Can generally process Array or Scalar values. The size of the
+    /// output will be the same as the size (or broadcasted size, in the case
+    /// of mixing Array and Scalar inputs) of the input.
+    SCALAR,
+
+    /// A function with array input and output whose behavior depends on the
+    /// values of the entire arrays passed, rather than the value of each scalar
+    /// value.
+    VECTOR,
+
+    /// A function that computes scalar summary statistics from array input.
+    SCALAR_AGGREGATE,
+
+    /// A function that computes grouped summary statistics from array input
+    /// and an array of group identifiers.
+    HASH_AGGREGATE,
+
+    /// A function that dispatches to other functions and does not contain its
+    /// own kernels.
+    META
+  };
+
+  virtual ~Function() = default;
+
+  /// \brief The name of the kernel. The registry enforces uniqueness of names.
+  const std::string& name() const { return name_; }
+
+  /// \brief The kind of kernel, which indicates in what contexts it is valid
+  /// for use.
+  Function::Kind kind() const { return kind_; }
+
+  /// \brief Contains the number of arguments the function requires, or if the
+  /// function accepts variable numbers of arguments.
+  const Arity& arity() const { return arity_; }
+
+  /// \brief Return the function documentation
+  const FunctionDoc& doc() const { return doc_; }
+
+  /// \brief Returns the number of registered kernels for this function.
+  virtual int num_kernels() const = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Return a kernel that can execute the function given the exact
+  /// argument types (without implicit type casts).
+  ///
+  /// NB: This function is overridden in CastFunction.
+  virtual Result DispatchExact(const std::vector& types) const;
+
+  /// \brief Return a best-match kernel that can execute the function given the argument
+  /// types, after implicit casts are applied.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in,out] values Argument types. An element may be modified to
+  /// indicate that the returned kernel only approximately matches the input
+  /// value descriptors; callers are responsible for casting inputs to the type
+  /// required by the kernel.
+  virtual Result DispatchBest(std::vector* values) const;
+
+  /// \brief Get a function executor with a best-matching kernel
+  ///
+  /// The returned executor will by default work with the default FunctionOptions
+  /// and KernelContext. If you want to change that, call `FunctionExecutor::Init`.
+  virtual Result> GetBestExecutor(
+      std::vector inputs) const;
+
+  /// \brief Execute the function eagerly with the passed input arguments with
+  /// kernel dispatch, batch iteration, and memory allocation details taken
+  /// care of.
+  ///
+  /// If the `options` pointer is null, then `default_options()` will be used.
+  ///
+  /// This function can be overridden in subclasses.
+  virtual Result Execute(const std::vector& args,
+                                const FunctionOptions* options, ExecContext* ctx) const;
+
+  virtual Result Execute(const ExecBatch& batch, const FunctionOptions* options,
+                                ExecContext* ctx) const;
+
+  /// \brief Returns the default options for this function.
+  ///
+  /// Whatever option semantics a Function has, implementations must guarantee
+  /// that default_options() is valid to pass to Execute as options.
+  const FunctionOptions* default_options() const { return default_options_; }
+
+  virtual Status Validate() const;
+
+  /// \brief Returns the pure property for this function.
+  ///
+  /// Impure functions are those that may return different results for the same
+  /// input arguments. For example, a function that returns a random number is
+  /// not pure. An expression containing only pure functions can be simplified by
+  /// pre-evaluating any sub-expressions that have constant arguments.
+  virtual bool is_pure() const { return true; }
+
+ protected:
+  Function(std::string name, Function::Kind kind, const Arity& arity, FunctionDoc doc,
+           const FunctionOptions* default_options)
+      : name_(std::move(name)),
+        kind_(kind),
+        arity_(arity),
+        doc_(std::move(doc)),
+        default_options_(default_options) {}
+
+  Status CheckArity(size_t num_args) const;
+
+  std::string name_;
+  Function::Kind kind_;
+  Arity arity_;
+  const FunctionDoc doc_;
+  const FunctionOptions* default_options_ = NULLPTR;
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template 
+class FunctionImpl : public Function {
+ public:
+  /// \brief Return pointers to current-available kernels for inspection
+  std::vector kernels() const {
+    std::vector result;
+    for (const auto& kernel : kernels_) {
+      result.push_back(&kernel);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  int num_kernels() const override { return static_cast(kernels_.size()); }
+
+ protected:
+  FunctionImpl(std::string name, Function::Kind kind, const Arity& arity, FunctionDoc doc,
+               const FunctionOptions* default_options)
+      : Function(std::move(name), kind, arity, std::move(doc), default_options) {}
+
+  std::vector kernels_;
+};
+
+/// \brief Look up a kernel in a function. If no Kernel is found, nullptr is returned.
+ARROW_EXPORT
+const Kernel* DispatchExactImpl(const Function* func, const std::vector&);
+
+/// \brief Return an error message if no Kernel is found.
+ARROW_EXPORT
+Status NoMatchingKernel(const Function* func, const std::vector&);
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+/// \brief A function that executes elementwise operations on arrays or
+/// scalars, and therefore whose results generally do not depend on the order
+/// of the values in the arguments. Accepts and returns arrays that are all of
+/// the same size. These functions roughly correspond to the functions used in
+/// SQL expressions.
+class ARROW_EXPORT ScalarFunction : public detail::FunctionImpl {
+ public:
+  using KernelType = ScalarKernel;
+
+  ScalarFunction(std::string name, const Arity& arity, FunctionDoc doc,
+                 const FunctionOptions* default_options = NULLPTR, bool is_pure = true)
+      : detail::FunctionImpl(std::move(name), Function::SCALAR, arity,
+                                           std::move(doc), default_options),
+        is_pure_(is_pure) {}
+
+  /// \brief Add a kernel with given input/output types, no required state
+  /// initialization, preallocation for fixed-width types, and default null
+  /// handling (intersect validity bitmaps of inputs).
+  Status AddKernel(std::vector in_types, OutputType out_type,
+                   ArrayKernelExec exec, KernelInit init = NULLPTR);
+
+  /// \brief Add a kernel (function implementation). Returns error if the
+  /// kernel's signature does not match the function's arity.
+  Status AddKernel(ScalarKernel kernel);
+
+  /// \brief Returns the pure property for this function.
+  bool is_pure() const override { return is_pure_; }
+
+ private:
+  const bool is_pure_;
+};
+
+/// \brief A function that executes general array operations that may yield
+/// outputs of different sizes or have results that depend on the whole array
+/// contents. These functions roughly correspond to the functions found in
+/// non-SQL array languages like APL and its derivatives.
+class ARROW_EXPORT VectorFunction : public detail::FunctionImpl {
+ public:
+  using KernelType = VectorKernel;
+
+  VectorFunction(std::string name, const Arity& arity, FunctionDoc doc,
+                 const FunctionOptions* default_options = NULLPTR)
+      : detail::FunctionImpl(std::move(name), Function::VECTOR, arity,
+                                           std::move(doc), default_options) {}
+
+  /// \brief Add a simple kernel with given input/output types, no required
+  /// state initialization, no data preallocation, and no preallocation of the
+  /// validity bitmap.
+  Status AddKernel(std::vector in_types, OutputType out_type,
+                   ArrayKernelExec exec, KernelInit init = NULLPTR);
+
+  /// \brief Add a kernel (function implementation). Returns error if the
+  /// kernel's signature does not match the function's arity.
+  Status AddKernel(VectorKernel kernel);
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT ScalarAggregateFunction
+    : public detail::FunctionImpl {
+ public:
+  using KernelType = ScalarAggregateKernel;
+
+  ScalarAggregateFunction(std::string name, const Arity& arity, FunctionDoc doc,
+                          const FunctionOptions* default_options = NULLPTR)
+      : detail::FunctionImpl(std::move(name),
+                                                    Function::SCALAR_AGGREGATE, arity,
+                                                    std::move(doc), default_options) {}
+
+  /// \brief Add a kernel (function implementation). Returns error if the
+  /// kernel's signature does not match the function's arity.
+  Status AddKernel(ScalarAggregateKernel kernel);
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT HashAggregateFunction
+    : public detail::FunctionImpl {
+ public:
+  using KernelType = HashAggregateKernel;
+
+  HashAggregateFunction(std::string name, const Arity& arity, FunctionDoc doc,
+                        const FunctionOptions* default_options = NULLPTR)
+      : detail::FunctionImpl(std::move(name),
+                                                  Function::HASH_AGGREGATE, arity,
+                                                  std::move(doc), default_options) {}
+
+  /// \brief Add a kernel (function implementation). Returns error if the
+  /// kernel's signature does not match the function's arity.
+  Status AddKernel(HashAggregateKernel kernel);
+};
+
+/// \brief A function that dispatches to other functions. Must implement
+/// MetaFunction::ExecuteImpl.
+///
+/// For Array, ChunkedArray, and Scalar Datum kinds, may rely on the execution
+/// of concrete Function types, but must handle other Datum kinds on its own.
+class ARROW_EXPORT MetaFunction : public Function {
+ public:
+  int num_kernels() const override { return 0; }
+
+  Result Execute(const std::vector& args, const FunctionOptions* options,
+                        ExecContext* ctx) const override;
+
+  Result Execute(const ExecBatch& batch, const FunctionOptions* options,
+                        ExecContext* ctx) const override;
+
+ protected:
+  virtual Result ExecuteImpl(const std::vector& args,
+                                    const FunctionOptions* options,
+                                    ExecContext* ctx) const = 0;
+
+  MetaFunction(std::string name, const Arity& arity, FunctionDoc doc,
+               const FunctionOptions* default_options = NULLPTR)
+      : Function(std::move(name), Function::META, arity, std::move(doc),
+                 default_options) {}
+};
+
+/// @}
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/function_options.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/function_options.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88ec2fd2d0679b5c849549179aa652bec9b37b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/function_options.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// NOTE: API is EXPERIMENTAL and will change without going through a
+// deprecation cycle.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "arrow/compute/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+/// \addtogroup compute-functions
+/// @{
+
+/// \brief Extension point for defining options outside libarrow (but
+/// still within this project).
+class ARROW_EXPORT FunctionOptionsType {
+ public:
+  virtual ~FunctionOptionsType() = default;
+
+  virtual const char* type_name() const = 0;
+  virtual std::string Stringify(const FunctionOptions&) const = 0;
+  virtual bool Compare(const FunctionOptions&, const FunctionOptions&) const = 0;
+  virtual Result> Serialize(const FunctionOptions&) const;
+  virtual Result> Deserialize(
+      const Buffer& buffer) const;
+  virtual std::unique_ptr Copy(const FunctionOptions&) const = 0;
+};
+
+/// \brief Base class for specifying options configuring a function's behavior,
+/// such as error handling.
+class ARROW_EXPORT FunctionOptions : public util::EqualityComparable {
+ public:
+  virtual ~FunctionOptions() = default;
+
+  const FunctionOptionsType* options_type() const { return options_type_; }
+  const char* type_name() const { return options_type()->type_name(); }
+
+  bool Equals(const FunctionOptions& other) const;
+  std::string ToString() const;
+  std::unique_ptr Copy() const;
+  /// \brief Serialize an options struct to a buffer.
+  Result> Serialize() const;
+  /// \brief Deserialize an options struct from a buffer.
+  /// Note: this will only look for `type_name` in the default FunctionRegistry;
+  /// to use a custom FunctionRegistry, look up the FunctionOptionsType, then
+  /// call FunctionOptionsType::Deserialize().
+  static Result> Deserialize(
+      const std::string& type_name, const Buffer& buffer);
+
+ protected:
+  explicit FunctionOptions(const FunctionOptionsType* type) : options_type_(type) {}
+  const FunctionOptionsType* options_type_;
+};
+
+ARROW_EXPORT void PrintTo(const FunctionOptions&, std::ostream*);
+
+/// @}
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/kernel.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/kernel.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cfb6265f12904bf3c7c16f272f942ead1765b444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/kernel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,753 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// NOTE: API is EXPERIMENTAL and will change without going through a
+// deprecation cycle
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/buffer.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec.h"
+#include "arrow/datum.h"
+#include "arrow/device_allocation_type_set.h"
+#include "arrow/memory_pool.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/type.h"
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+// macOS defines PREALLOCATE as a preprocessor macro in the header sys/vnode.h.
+// No other BSD seems to do so. The name is used as an identifier in MemAllocation enum.
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(PREALLOCATE)
+#  undef PREALLOCATE
+#endif
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+class FunctionOptions;
+
+/// \brief Base class for opaque kernel-specific state. For example, if there
+/// is some kind of initialization required.
+struct ARROW_EXPORT KernelState {
+  virtual ~KernelState() = default;
+};
+
+/// \brief Context/state for the execution of a particular kernel.
+class ARROW_EXPORT KernelContext {
+ public:
+  // Can pass optional backreference; not used consistently for the
+  // moment but will be made so in the future
+  explicit KernelContext(ExecContext* exec_ctx, const Kernel* kernel = NULLPTR)
+      : exec_ctx_(exec_ctx), kernel_(kernel) {}
+
+  /// \brief Allocate buffer from the context's memory pool. The contents are
+  /// not initialized.
+  Result> Allocate(int64_t nbytes);
+
+  /// \brief Allocate buffer for bitmap from the context's memory pool. Like
+  /// Allocate, the contents of the buffer are not initialized but the last
+  /// byte is preemptively zeroed to help avoid ASAN or valgrind issues.
+  Result> AllocateBitmap(int64_t num_bits);
+
+  /// \brief Assign the active KernelState to be utilized for each stage of
+  /// kernel execution. Ownership and memory lifetime of the KernelState must
+  /// be minded separately.
+  void SetState(KernelState* state) { state_ = state; }
+
+  // Set kernel that is being invoked since some kernel
+  // implementations will examine the kernel state.
+  void SetKernel(const Kernel* kernel) { kernel_ = kernel; }
+
+  KernelState* state() { return state_; }
+
+  /// \brief Configuration related to function execution that is to be shared
+  /// across multiple kernels.
+  ExecContext* exec_context() { return exec_ctx_; }
+
+  /// \brief The memory pool to use for allocations. For now, it uses the
+  /// MemoryPool contained in the ExecContext used to create the KernelContext.
+  MemoryPool* memory_pool() { return exec_ctx_->memory_pool(); }
+
+  const Kernel* kernel() const { return kernel_; }
+
+ private:
+  ExecContext* exec_ctx_;
+  KernelState* state_ = NULLPTR;
+  const Kernel* kernel_ = NULLPTR;
+};
+
+/// \brief An type-checking interface to permit customizable validation rules
+/// for use with InputType and KernelSignature. This is for scenarios where the
+/// acceptance is not an exact type instance, such as a TIMESTAMP type for a
+/// specific TimeUnit, but permitting any time zone.
+struct ARROW_EXPORT TypeMatcher {
+  virtual ~TypeMatcher() = default;
+
+  /// \brief Return true if this matcher accepts the data type.
+  virtual bool Matches(const DataType& type) const = 0;
+
+  /// \brief A human-interpretable string representation of what the type
+  /// matcher checks for, usable when printing KernelSignature or formatting
+  /// error messages.
+  virtual std::string ToString() const = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Return true if this TypeMatcher contains the same matching rule as
+  /// the other. Currently depends on RTTI.
+  virtual bool Equals(const TypeMatcher& other) const = 0;
+};
+
+namespace match {
+
+/// \brief Match any DataType instance having the same DataType::id.
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr SameTypeId(Type::type type_id);
+
+/// \brief Match any TimestampType instance having the same unit, but the time
+/// zones can be different.
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr TimestampTypeUnit(TimeUnit::type unit);
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr Time32TypeUnit(TimeUnit::type unit);
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr Time64TypeUnit(TimeUnit::type unit);
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr DurationTypeUnit(TimeUnit::type unit);
+
+// \brief Match any integer type
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr Integer();
+
+// Match types using 32-bit varbinary representation
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr BinaryLike();
+
+// Match types using 64-bit varbinary representation
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr LargeBinaryLike();
+
+// Match any fixed binary type
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr FixedSizeBinaryLike();
+
+// \brief Match any primitive type (boolean or any type representable as a C
+// Type)
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr Primitive();
+
+// \brief Match any integer type that can be used as run-end in run-end encoded
+// arrays
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr RunEndInteger();
+
+/// \brief Match run-end encoded types that use any valid run-end type and
+/// encode specific value types
+///
+/// @param[in] value_type_matcher a matcher that is applied to the values field
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr RunEndEncoded(
+    std::shared_ptr value_type_matcher);
+
+/// \brief Match run-end encoded types that use any valid run-end type and
+/// encode specific value types
+///
+/// @param[in] value_type_id a type id that the type of the values field should match
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr RunEndEncoded(Type::type value_type_id);
+
+/// \brief Match run-end encoded types that encode specific run-end and value types
+///
+/// @param[in] run_end_type_matcher a matcher that is applied to the run_ends field
+/// @param[in] value_type_matcher a matcher that is applied to the values field
+ARROW_EXPORT std::shared_ptr RunEndEncoded(
+    std::shared_ptr run_end_type_matcher,
+    std::shared_ptr value_type_matcher);
+
+}  // namespace match
+
+/// \brief An object used for type-checking arguments to be passed to a kernel
+/// and stored in a KernelSignature. The type-checking rule can be supplied
+/// either with an exact DataType instance or a custom TypeMatcher.
+class ARROW_EXPORT InputType {
+ public:
+  /// \brief The kind of type-checking rule that the InputType contains.
+  enum Kind {
+    /// \brief Accept any value type.
+    ANY_TYPE,
+
+    /// \brief A fixed arrow::DataType and will only exact match having this
+    /// exact type (e.g. same TimestampType unit, same decimal scale and
+    /// precision, or same nested child types).
+    EXACT_TYPE,
+
+    /// \brief Uses a TypeMatcher implementation to check the type.
+    USE_TYPE_MATCHER
+  };
+
+  /// \brief Accept any value type
+  InputType() : kind_(ANY_TYPE) {}
+
+  /// \brief Accept an exact value type.
+  InputType(std::shared_ptr type)  // NOLINT implicit construction
+      : kind_(EXACT_TYPE), type_(std::move(type)) {}
+
+  /// \brief Use the passed TypeMatcher to type check.
+  InputType(std::shared_ptr type_matcher)  // NOLINT implicit construction
+      : kind_(USE_TYPE_MATCHER), type_matcher_(std::move(type_matcher)) {}
+
+  /// \brief Match any type with the given Type::type. Uses a TypeMatcher for
+  /// its implementation.
+  InputType(Type::type type_id)  // NOLINT implicit construction
+      : InputType(match::SameTypeId(type_id)) {}
+
+  InputType(const InputType& other) { CopyInto(other); }
+
+  void operator=(const InputType& other) { CopyInto(other); }
+
+  InputType(InputType&& other) { MoveInto(std::forward(other)); }
+
+  void operator=(InputType&& other) { MoveInto(std::forward(other)); }
+
+  // \brief Match any input (array, scalar of any type)
+  static InputType Any() { return InputType(); }
+
+  /// \brief Return true if this input type matches the same type cases as the
+  /// other.
+  bool Equals(const InputType& other) const;
+
+  bool operator==(const InputType& other) const { return this->Equals(other); }
+
+  bool operator!=(const InputType& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+
+  /// \brief Return hash code.
+  size_t Hash() const;
+
+  /// \brief Render a human-readable string representation.
+  std::string ToString() const;
+
+  /// \brief Return true if the Datum matches this argument kind in
+  /// type (and only allows scalar or array-like Datums).
+  bool Matches(const Datum& value) const;
+
+  /// \brief Return true if the type matches this InputType
+  bool Matches(const DataType& type) const;
+
+  /// \brief The type matching rule that this InputType uses.
+  Kind kind() const { return kind_; }
+
+  /// \brief For InputType::EXACT_TYPE kind, the exact type that this InputType
+  /// must match. Otherwise this function should not be used and will assert in
+  /// debug builds.
+  const std::shared_ptr& type() const;
+
+  /// \brief For InputType::USE_TYPE_MATCHER, the TypeMatcher to be used for
+  /// checking the type of a value. Otherwise this function should not be used
+  /// and will assert in debug builds.
+  const TypeMatcher& type_matcher() const;
+
+ private:
+  void CopyInto(const InputType& other) {
+    this->kind_ = other.kind_;
+    this->type_ = other.type_;
+    this->type_matcher_ = other.type_matcher_;
+  }
+
+  void MoveInto(InputType&& other) {
+    this->kind_ = other.kind_;
+    this->type_ = std::move(other.type_);
+    this->type_matcher_ = std::move(other.type_matcher_);
+  }
+
+  Kind kind_;
+
+  // For EXACT_TYPE Kind
+  std::shared_ptr type_;
+
+  // For USE_TYPE_MATCHER Kind
+  std::shared_ptr type_matcher_;
+};
+
+/// \brief Container to capture both exact and input-dependent output types.
+class ARROW_EXPORT OutputType {
+ public:
+  /// \brief An enum indicating whether the value type is an invariant fixed
+  /// value or one that's computed by a kernel-defined resolver function.
+  enum ResolveKind { FIXED, COMPUTED };
+
+  /// Type resolution function. Given input types, return output type.  This
+  /// function MAY may use the kernel state to decide the output type based on
+  /// the FunctionOptions.
+  ///
+  /// This function SHOULD _not_ be used to check for arity, that is to be
+  /// performed one or more layers above.
+  using Resolver =
+      std::function(KernelContext*, const std::vector&)>;
+
+  /// \brief Output an exact type
+  OutputType(std::shared_ptr type)  // NOLINT implicit construction
+      : kind_(FIXED), type_(std::move(type)) {}
+
+  /// \brief Output a computed type depending on actual input types
+  template 
+  OutputType(Fn resolver)  // NOLINT implicit construction
+      : kind_(COMPUTED), resolver_(std::move(resolver)) {}
+
+  OutputType(const OutputType& other) {
+    this->kind_ = other.kind_;
+    this->type_ = other.type_;
+    this->resolver_ = other.resolver_;
+  }
+
+  OutputType(OutputType&& other) {
+    this->kind_ = other.kind_;
+    this->type_ = std::move(other.type_);
+    this->resolver_ = other.resolver_;
+  }
+
+  OutputType& operator=(const OutputType&) = default;
+  OutputType& operator=(OutputType&&) = default;
+
+  /// \brief Return the type of the expected output value of the kernel given
+  /// the input argument types. The resolver may make use of state information
+  /// kept in the KernelContext.
+  Result Resolve(KernelContext* ctx,
+                             const std::vector& args) const;
+
+  /// \brief The exact output value type for the FIXED kind.
+  const std::shared_ptr& type() const;
+
+  /// \brief For use with COMPUTED resolution strategy. It may be more
+  /// convenient to invoke this with OutputType::Resolve returned from this
+  /// method.
+  const Resolver& resolver() const;
+
+  /// \brief Render a human-readable string representation.
+  std::string ToString() const;
+
+  /// \brief Return the kind of type resolution of this output type, whether
+  /// fixed/invariant or computed by a resolver.
+  ResolveKind kind() const { return kind_; }
+
+ private:
+  ResolveKind kind_;
+
+  // For FIXED resolution
+  std::shared_ptr type_;
+
+  // For COMPUTED resolution
+  Resolver resolver_ = NULLPTR;
+};
+
+/// \brief Holds the input types and output type of the kernel.
+///
+/// VarArgs functions with minimum N arguments should pass up to N input types to be
+/// used to validate the input types of a function invocation. The first N-1 types
+/// will be matched against the first N-1 arguments, and the last type will be
+/// matched against the remaining arguments.
+class ARROW_EXPORT KernelSignature {
+ public:
+  KernelSignature(std::vector in_types, OutputType out_type,
+                  bool is_varargs = false);
+
+  /// \brief Convenience ctor since make_shared can be awkward
+  static std::shared_ptr Make(std::vector in_types,
+                                               OutputType out_type,
+                                               bool is_varargs = false);
+
+  /// \brief Return true if the signature if compatible with the list of input
+  /// value descriptors.
+  bool MatchesInputs(const std::vector& types) const;
+
+  /// \brief Returns true if the input types of each signature are
+  /// equal. Well-formed functions should have a deterministic output type
+  /// given input types, but currently it is the responsibility of the
+  /// developer to ensure this.
+  bool Equals(const KernelSignature& other) const;
+
+  bool operator==(const KernelSignature& other) const { return this->Equals(other); }
+
+  bool operator!=(const KernelSignature& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+
+  /// \brief Compute a hash code for the signature
+  size_t Hash() const;
+
+  /// \brief The input types for the kernel. For VarArgs functions, this should
+  /// generally contain a single validator to use for validating all of the
+  /// function arguments.
+  const std::vector& in_types() const { return in_types_; }
+
+  /// \brief The output type for the kernel. Use Resolve to return the
+  /// exact output given input argument types, since many kernels'
+  /// output types depend on their input types (or their type
+  /// metadata).
+  const OutputType& out_type() const { return out_type_; }
+
+  /// \brief Render a human-readable string representation
+  std::string ToString() const;
+
+  bool is_varargs() const { return is_varargs_; }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector in_types_;
+  OutputType out_type_;
+  bool is_varargs_;
+
+  // For caching the hash code after it's computed the first time
+  mutable uint64_t hash_code_;
+};
+
+/// \brief A function may contain multiple variants of a kernel for a given
+/// type combination for different SIMD levels. Based on the active system's
+/// CPU info or the user's preferences, we can elect to use one over the other.
+struct SimdLevel {
+  enum type { NONE = 0, SSE4_2, AVX, AVX2, AVX512, NEON, MAX };
+};
+
+/// \brief The strategy to use for propagating or otherwise populating the
+/// validity bitmap of a kernel output.
+struct NullHandling {
+  enum type {
+    /// Compute the output validity bitmap by intersecting the validity bitmaps
+    /// of the arguments using bitwise-and operations. This means that values
+    /// in the output are valid/non-null only if the corresponding values in
+    /// all input arguments were valid/non-null. Kernel generally need not
+    /// touch the bitmap thereafter, but a kernel's exec function is permitted
+    /// to alter the bitmap after the null intersection is computed if it needs
+    /// to.
+    INTERSECTION,
+
+    /// Kernel expects a pre-allocated buffer to write the result bitmap
+    /// into. The preallocated memory is not zeroed (except for the last byte),
+    /// so the kernel should ensure to completely populate the bitmap.
+    COMPUTED_PREALLOCATE,
+
+    /// Kernel allocates and sets the validity bitmap of the output.
+    COMPUTED_NO_PREALLOCATE,
+
+    /// Kernel output is never null and a validity bitmap does not need to be
+    /// allocated.
+    OUTPUT_NOT_NULL
+  };
+};
+
+/// \brief The preference for memory preallocation of fixed-width type outputs
+/// in kernel execution.
+struct MemAllocation {
+  enum type {
+    // For data types that support pre-allocation (i.e. fixed-width), the
+    // kernel expects to be provided a pre-allocated data buffer to write
+    // into. Non-fixed-width types must always allocate their own data
+    // buffers. The allocation made for the same length as the execution batch,
+    // so vector kernels yielding differently sized output should not use this.
+    //
+    // It is valid for the data to not be preallocated but the validity bitmap
+    // is (or is computed using the intersection/bitwise-and method).
+    //
+    // For variable-size output types like BinaryType or StringType, or for
+    // nested types, this option has no effect.
+    PREALLOCATE,
+
+    // The kernel is responsible for allocating its own data buffer for
+    // fixed-width type outputs.
+    NO_PREALLOCATE
+  };
+};
+
+struct Kernel;
+
+/// \brief Arguments to pass to an KernelInit function. A struct is used to help
+/// avoid API breakage should the arguments passed need to be expanded.
+struct KernelInitArgs {
+  /// \brief A pointer to the kernel being initialized. The init function may
+  /// depend on the kernel's KernelSignature or other data contained there.
+  const Kernel* kernel;
+
+  /// \brief The types of the input arguments that the kernel is
+  /// about to be executed against.
+  const std::vector& inputs;
+
+  /// \brief Opaque options specific to this kernel. May be nullptr for functions
+  /// that do not require options.
+  const FunctionOptions* options;
+};
+
+/// \brief Common initializer function for all kernel types.
+using KernelInit = std::function>(
+    KernelContext*, const KernelInitArgs&)>;
+
+/// \brief Base type for kernels. Contains the function signature and
+/// optionally the state initialization function, along with some common
+/// attributes
+struct ARROW_EXPORT Kernel {
+  Kernel() = default;
+
+  Kernel(std::shared_ptr sig, KernelInit init)
+      : signature(std::move(sig)), init(std::move(init)) {}
+
+  Kernel(std::vector in_types, OutputType out_type, KernelInit init)
+      : Kernel(KernelSignature::Make(std::move(in_types), std::move(out_type)),
+               std::move(init)) {}
+
+  /// \brief The "signature" of the kernel containing the InputType input
+  /// argument validators and OutputType output type resolver.
+  std::shared_ptr signature;
+
+  /// \brief Create a new KernelState for invocations of this kernel, e.g. to
+  /// set up any options or state relevant for execution.
+  KernelInit init;
+
+  /// \brief Create a vector of new KernelState for invocations of this kernel.
+  static Status InitAll(KernelContext*, const KernelInitArgs&,
+                        std::vector>*);
+
+  /// \brief Indicates whether execution can benefit from parallelization
+  /// (splitting large chunks into smaller chunks and using multiple
+  /// threads). Some kernels may not support parallel execution at
+  /// all. Synchronization and concurrency-related issues are currently the
+  /// responsibility of the Kernel's implementation.
+  bool parallelizable = true;
+
+  /// \brief Indicates the level of SIMD instruction support in the host CPU is
+  /// required to use the function. The intention is for functions to be able to
+  /// contain multiple kernels with the same signature but different levels of SIMD,
+  /// so that the most optimized kernel supported on a host's processor can be chosen.
+  SimdLevel::type simd_level = SimdLevel::NONE;
+
+  // Additional kernel-specific data
+  std::shared_ptr data;
+};
+
+/// \brief The scalar kernel execution API that must be implemented for SCALAR
+/// kernel types. This includes both stateless and stateful kernels. Kernels
+/// depending on some execution state access that state via subclasses of
+/// KernelState set on the KernelContext object. Implementations should
+/// endeavor to write into pre-allocated memory if they are able, though for
+/// some kernels (e.g. in cases when a builder like StringBuilder) must be
+/// employed this may not be possible.
+using ArrayKernelExec = Status (*)(KernelContext*, const ExecSpan&, ExecResult*);
+
+/// \brief Kernel data structure for implementations of ScalarFunction. In
+/// addition to the members found in Kernel, contains the null handling
+/// and memory pre-allocation preferences.
+struct ARROW_EXPORT ScalarKernel : public Kernel {
+  ScalarKernel() = default;
+
+  ScalarKernel(std::shared_ptr sig, ArrayKernelExec exec,
+               KernelInit init = NULLPTR)
+      : Kernel(std::move(sig), init), exec(exec) {}
+
+  ScalarKernel(std::vector in_types, OutputType out_type, ArrayKernelExec exec,
+               KernelInit init = NULLPTR)
+      : Kernel(std::move(in_types), std::move(out_type), std::move(init)), exec(exec) {}
+
+  /// \brief Perform a single invocation of this kernel. Depending on the
+  /// implementation, it may only write into preallocated memory, while in some
+  /// cases it will allocate its own memory. Any required state is managed
+  /// through the KernelContext.
+  ArrayKernelExec exec;
+
+  /// \brief Writing execution results into larger contiguous allocations
+  /// requires that the kernel be able to write into sliced output ArrayData*,
+  /// including sliced output validity bitmaps. Some kernel implementations may
+  /// not be able to do this, so setting this to false disables this
+  /// functionality.
+  bool can_write_into_slices = true;
+
+  // For scalar functions preallocated data and intersecting arg validity
+  // bitmaps is a reasonable default
+  NullHandling::type null_handling = NullHandling::INTERSECTION;
+  MemAllocation::type mem_allocation = MemAllocation::PREALLOCATE;
+};
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// VectorKernel (for VectorFunction)
+
+/// \brief Kernel data structure for implementations of VectorFunction. In
+/// contains an optional finalizer function, the null handling and memory
+/// pre-allocation preferences (which have different defaults from
+/// ScalarKernel), and some other execution-related options.
+struct ARROW_EXPORT VectorKernel : public Kernel {
+  /// \brief See VectorKernel::finalize member for usage
+  using FinalizeFunc = std::function*)>;
+
+  /// \brief Function for executing a stateful VectorKernel against a
+  /// ChunkedArray input. Does not need to be defined for all VectorKernels
+  using ChunkedExec = Status (*)(KernelContext*, const ExecBatch&, Datum* out);
+
+  VectorKernel() = default;
+
+  VectorKernel(std::vector in_types, OutputType out_type, ArrayKernelExec exec,
+               KernelInit init = NULLPTR, FinalizeFunc finalize = NULLPTR)
+      : Kernel(std::move(in_types), std::move(out_type), std::move(init)),
+        exec(exec),
+        finalize(std::move(finalize)) {}
+
+  VectorKernel(std::shared_ptr sig, ArrayKernelExec exec,
+               KernelInit init = NULLPTR, FinalizeFunc finalize = NULLPTR)
+      : Kernel(std::move(sig), std::move(init)),
+        exec(exec),
+        finalize(std::move(finalize)) {}
+
+  /// \brief Perform a single invocation of this kernel. Any required state is
+  /// managed through the KernelContext.
+  ArrayKernelExec exec;
+
+  /// \brief Execute the kernel on a ChunkedArray. Does not need to be defined
+  ChunkedExec exec_chunked = NULLPTR;
+
+  /// \brief For VectorKernel, convert intermediate results into finalized
+  /// results. Mutates input argument. Some kernels may accumulate state
+  /// (example: hashing-related functions) through processing chunked inputs, and
+  /// then need to attach some accumulated state to each of the outputs of
+  /// processing each chunk of data.
+  FinalizeFunc finalize;
+
+  /// Since vector kernels generally are implemented rather differently from
+  /// scalar/elementwise kernels (and they may not even yield arrays of the same
+  /// size), so we make the developer opt-in to any memory preallocation rather
+  /// than having to turn it off.
+  NullHandling::type null_handling = NullHandling::COMPUTED_NO_PREALLOCATE;
+  MemAllocation::type mem_allocation = MemAllocation::NO_PREALLOCATE;
+
+  /// \brief Writing execution results into larger contiguous allocations
+  /// requires that the kernel be able to write into sliced output ArrayData*,
+  /// including sliced output validity bitmaps. Some kernel implementations may
+  /// not be able to do this, so setting this to false disables this
+  /// functionality.
+  bool can_write_into_slices = true;
+
+  /// Some vector kernels can do chunkwise execution using ExecSpanIterator,
+  /// in some cases accumulating some state. Other kernels (like Take) need to
+  /// be passed whole arrays and don't work on ChunkedArray inputs
+  bool can_execute_chunkwise = true;
+
+  /// Some kernels (like unique and value_counts) yield non-chunked output from
+  /// chunked-array inputs. This option controls how the results are boxed when
+  /// returned from ExecVectorFunction
+  ///
+  /// true -> ChunkedArray
+  /// false -> Array
+  bool output_chunked = true;
+};
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ScalarAggregateKernel (for ScalarAggregateFunction)
+
+using ScalarAggregateConsume = Status (*)(KernelContext*, const ExecSpan&);
+using ScalarAggregateMerge = Status (*)(KernelContext*, KernelState&&, KernelState*);
+// Finalize returns Datum to permit multiple return values
+using ScalarAggregateFinalize = Status (*)(KernelContext*, Datum*);
+
+/// \brief Kernel data structure for implementations of
+/// ScalarAggregateFunction. The four necessary components of an aggregation
+/// kernel are the init, consume, merge, and finalize functions.
+///
+/// * init: creates a new KernelState for a kernel.
+/// * consume: processes an ExecSpan and updates the KernelState found in the
+///   KernelContext.
+/// * merge: combines one KernelState with another.
+/// * finalize: produces the end result of the aggregation using the
+///   KernelState in the KernelContext.
+struct ARROW_EXPORT ScalarAggregateKernel : public Kernel {
+  ScalarAggregateKernel(std::shared_ptr sig, KernelInit init,
+                        ScalarAggregateConsume consume, ScalarAggregateMerge merge,
+                        ScalarAggregateFinalize finalize, const bool ordered)
+      : Kernel(std::move(sig), std::move(init)),
+        consume(consume),
+        merge(merge),
+        finalize(finalize),
+        ordered(ordered) {}
+
+  ScalarAggregateKernel(std::vector in_types, OutputType out_type,
+                        KernelInit init, ScalarAggregateConsume consume,
+                        ScalarAggregateMerge merge, ScalarAggregateFinalize finalize,
+                        const bool ordered)
+      : ScalarAggregateKernel(
+            KernelSignature::Make(std::move(in_types), std::move(out_type)),
+            std::move(init), consume, merge, finalize, ordered) {}
+
+  /// \brief Merge a vector of KernelStates into a single KernelState.
+  /// The merged state will be returned and will be set on the KernelContext.
+  static Result> MergeAll(
+      const ScalarAggregateKernel* kernel, KernelContext* ctx,
+      std::vector> states);
+
+  ScalarAggregateConsume consume;
+  ScalarAggregateMerge merge;
+  ScalarAggregateFinalize finalize;
+  /// \brief Whether this kernel requires ordering
+  /// Some aggregations, such as, "first", requires some kind of input order. The
+  /// order can be implicit, e.g., the order of the input data, or explicit, e.g.
+  /// the ordering specified with a window aggregation.
+  /// The caller of the aggregate kernel is responsible for passing data in some
+  /// defined order to the kernel. The flag here is a way for the kernel to tell
+  /// the caller that data passed to the kernel must be defined in some order.
+  bool ordered = false;
+};
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// HashAggregateKernel (for HashAggregateFunction)
+
+using HashAggregateResize = Status (*)(KernelContext*, int64_t);
+using HashAggregateConsume = Status (*)(KernelContext*, const ExecSpan&);
+using HashAggregateMerge = Status (*)(KernelContext*, KernelState&&, const ArrayData&);
+
+// Finalize returns Datum to permit multiple return values
+using HashAggregateFinalize = Status (*)(KernelContext*, Datum*);
+
+/// \brief Kernel data structure for implementations of
+/// HashAggregateFunction. The four necessary components of an aggregation
+/// kernel are the init, consume, merge, and finalize functions.
+///
+/// * init: creates a new KernelState for a kernel.
+/// * resize: ensure that the KernelState can accommodate the specified number of groups.
+/// * consume: processes an ExecSpan (which includes the argument as well
+///   as an array of group identifiers) and updates the KernelState found in the
+///   KernelContext.
+/// * merge: combines one KernelState with another.
+/// * finalize: produces the end result of the aggregation using the
+///   KernelState in the KernelContext.
+struct ARROW_EXPORT HashAggregateKernel : public Kernel {
+  HashAggregateKernel() = default;
+
+  HashAggregateKernel(std::shared_ptr sig, KernelInit init,
+                      HashAggregateResize resize, HashAggregateConsume consume,
+                      HashAggregateMerge merge, HashAggregateFinalize finalize,
+                      const bool ordered)
+      : Kernel(std::move(sig), std::move(init)),
+        resize(resize),
+        consume(consume),
+        merge(merge),
+        finalize(finalize),
+        ordered(ordered) {}
+
+  HashAggregateKernel(std::vector in_types, OutputType out_type,
+                      KernelInit init, HashAggregateConsume consume,
+                      HashAggregateResize resize, HashAggregateMerge merge,
+                      HashAggregateFinalize finalize, const bool ordered)
+      : HashAggregateKernel(
+            KernelSignature::Make(std::move(in_types), std::move(out_type)),
+            std::move(init), resize, consume, merge, finalize, ordered) {}
+
+  HashAggregateResize resize;
+  HashAggregateConsume consume;
+  HashAggregateMerge merge;
+  HashAggregateFinalize finalize;
+  /// @brief whether the summarizer requires ordering
+  /// This is similar to ScalarAggregateKernel. See ScalarAggregateKernel
+  /// for detailed doc of this variable.
+  bool ordered = false;
+};
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/ordering.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/ordering.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..61caa2b570dd31dc988d34406f9b05c3573333e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/ordering.h
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/type.h"
+#include "arrow/util/compare.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+enum class SortOrder {
+  /// Arrange values in increasing order
+  Ascending,
+  /// Arrange values in decreasing order
+  Descending,
+};
+
+enum class NullPlacement {
+  /// Place nulls and NaNs before any non-null values.
+  /// NaNs will come after nulls.
+  AtStart,
+  /// Place nulls and NaNs after any non-null values.
+  /// NaNs will come before nulls.
+  AtEnd,
+};
+
+/// \brief One sort key for PartitionNthIndices (TODO) and SortIndices
+class ARROW_EXPORT SortKey : public util::EqualityComparable {
+ public:
+  explicit SortKey(FieldRef target, SortOrder order = SortOrder::Ascending)
+      : target(std::move(target)), order(order) {}
+
+  bool Equals(const SortKey& other) const;
+  std::string ToString() const;
+
+  /// A FieldRef targeting the sort column.
+  FieldRef target;
+  /// How to order by this sort key.
+  SortOrder order;
+};
+
+class ARROW_EXPORT Ordering : public util::EqualityComparable {
+ public:
+  Ordering(std::vector sort_keys,
+           NullPlacement null_placement = NullPlacement::AtStart)
+      : sort_keys_(std::move(sort_keys)), null_placement_(null_placement) {}
+  /// true if data ordered by other is also ordered by this
+  ///
+  /// For example, if data is ordered by [a, b, c] then it is also ordered
+  /// by [a, b] but not by [b, c] or [a, b, c, d].
+  ///
+  /// [a, b].IsSuborderOf([a, b, c]) - true
+  /// [a, b, c].IsSuborderOf([a, b, c]) - true
+  /// [b, c].IsSuborderOf([a, b, c]) - false
+  /// [a, b, c, d].IsSuborderOf([a, b, c]) - false
+  ///
+  /// The implicit ordering is not a suborder of any other ordering and
+  /// no other ordering is a suborder of it.  The implicit ordering is not a
+  /// suborder of itself.
+  ///
+  /// The unordered ordering is a suborder of all other orderings but no
+  /// other ordering is a suborder of it.  The unordered ordering is a suborder
+  /// of itself.
+  ///
+  /// The unordered ordering is a suborder of the implicit ordering.
+  bool IsSuborderOf(const Ordering& other) const;
+
+  bool Equals(const Ordering& other) const;
+  std::string ToString() const;
+
+  bool is_implicit() const { return is_implicit_; }
+  bool is_unordered() const { return !is_implicit_ && sort_keys_.empty(); }
+
+  const std::vector& sort_keys() const { return sort_keys_; }
+  NullPlacement null_placement() const { return null_placement_; }
+
+  static const Ordering& Implicit() {
+    static const Ordering kImplicit(true);
+    return kImplicit;
+  }
+
+  static const Ordering& Unordered() {
+    static const Ordering kUnordered(false);
+    // It is also possible to get an unordered ordering by passing in an empty vector
+    // using the normal constructor.  This is ok and useful when ordering comes from user
+    // input.
+    return kUnordered;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  explicit Ordering(bool is_implicit)
+      : null_placement_(NullPlacement::AtStart), is_implicit_(is_implicit) {}
+  /// Column key(s) to order by and how to order by these sort keys.
+  std::vector sort_keys_;
+  /// Whether nulls and NaNs are placed at the start or at the end
+  NullPlacement null_placement_;
+  bool is_implicit_ = false;
+};
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/registry.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/registry.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f31c4c1ba5920626578a4e4170e3cd2d28288545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/registry.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+// NOTE: API is EXPERIMENTAL and will change without going through a
+// deprecation cycle
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/status.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+class Function;
+class FunctionOptionsType;
+
+/// \brief A mutable central function registry for built-in functions as well
+/// as user-defined functions. Functions are implementations of
+/// arrow::compute::Function.
+///
+/// Generally, each function contains kernels which are implementations of a
+/// function for a specific argument signature. After looking up a function in
+/// the registry, one can either execute it eagerly with Function::Execute or
+/// use one of the function's dispatch methods to pick a suitable kernel for
+/// lower-level function execution.
+class ARROW_EXPORT FunctionRegistry {
+ public:
+  ~FunctionRegistry();
+
+  /// \brief Construct a new registry.
+  ///
+  /// Most users only need to use the global registry.
+  static std::unique_ptr Make();
+
+  /// \brief Construct a new nested registry with the given parent.
+  ///
+  /// Most users only need to use the global registry. The returned registry never changes
+  /// its parent, even when an operation allows overwriting.
+  static std::unique_ptr Make(FunctionRegistry* parent);
+
+  /// \brief Check whether a new function can be added to the registry.
+  ///
+  /// \returns Status::KeyError if a function with the same name is already registered.
+  Status CanAddFunction(std::shared_ptr function, bool allow_overwrite = false);
+
+  /// \brief Add a new function to the registry.
+  ///
+  /// \returns Status::KeyError if a function with the same name is already registered.
+  Status AddFunction(std::shared_ptr function, bool allow_overwrite = false);
+
+  /// \brief Check whether an alias can be added for the given function name.
+  ///
+  /// \returns Status::KeyError if the function with the given name is not registered.
+  Status CanAddAlias(const std::string& target_name, const std::string& source_name);
+
+  /// \brief Add alias for the given function name.
+  ///
+  /// \returns Status::KeyError if the function with the given name is not registered.
+  Status AddAlias(const std::string& target_name, const std::string& source_name);
+
+  /// \brief Check whether a new function options type can be added to the registry.
+  ///
+  /// \return Status::KeyError if a function options type with the same name is already
+  /// registered.
+  Status CanAddFunctionOptionsType(const FunctionOptionsType* options_type,
+                                   bool allow_overwrite = false);
+
+  /// \brief Add a new function options type to the registry.
+  ///
+  /// \returns Status::KeyError if a function options type with the same name is already
+  /// registered.
+  Status AddFunctionOptionsType(const FunctionOptionsType* options_type,
+                                bool allow_overwrite = false);
+
+  /// \brief Retrieve a function by name from the registry.
+  Result> GetFunction(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  /// \brief Return vector of all entry names in the registry.
+  ///
+  /// Helpful for displaying a manifest of available functions.
+  std::vector GetFunctionNames() const;
+
+  /// \brief Retrieve a function options type by name from the registry.
+  Result GetFunctionOptionsType(
+      const std::string& name) const;
+
+  /// \brief The number of currently registered functions.
+  int num_functions() const;
+
+  /// \brief The cast function object registered in AddFunction.
+  ///
+  /// Helpful for get cast function as needed.
+  const Function* cast_function() const;
+
+ private:
+  FunctionRegistry();
+
+  // Use PIMPL pattern to not have std::unordered_map here
+  class FunctionRegistryImpl;
+  std::unique_ptr impl_;
+
+  explicit FunctionRegistry(FunctionRegistryImpl* impl);
+};
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/row/grouper.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/row/grouper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..345bc62924241d181d383d74c22a9bdef6228059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/row/grouper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/compute/kernel.h"
+#include "arrow/datum.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+/// \brief A segment
+/// A segment group is a chunk of continuous rows that have the same segment key. (For
+/// example, in ordered time series processing, segment key can be "date", and a segment
+/// group can be all the rows that belong to the same date.) A segment group can span
+/// across multiple exec batches. A segment is a chunk of continuous rows that has the
+/// same segment key within a given batch. When a segment group span cross batches, it
+/// will have multiple segments. A segment never spans cross batches. The segment data
+/// structure only makes sense when used along with a exec batch.
+struct ARROW_EXPORT Segment {
+  /// \brief the offset into the batch where the segment starts
+  int64_t offset;
+  /// \brief the length of the segment
+  int64_t length;
+  /// \brief whether the segment may be extended by a next one
+  bool is_open;
+  /// \brief whether the segment extends a preceeding one
+  bool extends;
+};
+
+inline bool operator==(const Segment& segment1, const Segment& segment2) {
+  return segment1.offset == segment2.offset && segment1.length == segment2.length &&
+         segment1.is_open == segment2.is_open && segment1.extends == segment2.extends;
+}
+inline bool operator!=(const Segment& segment1, const Segment& segment2) {
+  return !(segment1 == segment2);
+}
+
+/// \brief a helper class to divide a batch into segments of equal values
+///
+/// For example, given a batch with two columns specifed as segment keys:
+///
+/// A A [other columns]...
+/// A A ...
+/// A B ...
+/// A B ...
+/// A A ...
+///
+/// Then the batch could be divided into 3 segments.  The first would be rows 0 & 1,
+/// the second would be rows 2 & 3, and the third would be row 4.
+///
+/// Further, a segmenter keeps track of the last value seen.  This allows it to calculate
+/// segments which span batches.  In our above example the last batch we emit would set
+/// the "open" flag, which indicates whether the segment may extend into the next batch.
+///
+/// If the next call to the segmenter starts with `A A` then that segment would set the
+/// "extends" flag, which indicates whether the segment continues the last open batch.
+class ARROW_EXPORT RowSegmenter {
+ public:
+  virtual ~RowSegmenter() = default;
+
+  /// \brief Construct a Segmenter which segments on the specified key types
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] key_types the specified key types
+  /// \param[in] nullable_keys whether values of the specified keys may be null
+  /// \param[in] ctx the execution context to use
+  static Result> Make(
+      const std::vector& key_types, bool nullable_keys, ExecContext* ctx);
+
+  /// \brief Return the key types of this segmenter
+  virtual const std::vector& key_types() const = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Reset this segmenter
+  ///
+  /// A segmenter normally extends (see `Segment`) a segment from one batch to the next.
+  /// If segment-extension is undesirable, for example when each batch is processed
+  /// independently, then `Reset` should be invoked before processing the next batch.
+  virtual Status Reset() = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Get the next segment for the given batch starting from the given offset
+  /// DEPRECATED: Due to its inefficiency, use GetSegments instead.
+  ARROW_DEPRECATED("Deprecated in 18.0.0. Use GetSegments instead.")
+  virtual Result GetNextSegment(const ExecSpan& batch, int64_t offset) = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Get all segments for the given batch
+  virtual Result> GetSegments(const ExecSpan& batch) = 0;
+};
+
+/// Consumes batches of keys and yields batches of the group ids.
+class ARROW_EXPORT Grouper {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Grouper() = default;
+
+  /// Construct a Grouper which receives the specified key types
+  static Result> Make(const std::vector& key_types,
+                                               ExecContext* ctx = default_exec_context());
+
+  /// Reset all intermediate state, make the grouper logically as just `Make`ed.
+  /// The underlying buffers, if any, may or may not be released though.
+  virtual Status Reset() = 0;
+
+  /// Consume a batch of keys, producing the corresponding group ids as an integer array,
+  /// over a slice defined by an offset and length, which defaults to the batch length.
+  /// Currently only uint32 indices will be produced, eventually the bit width will only
+  /// be as wide as necessary.
+  virtual Result Consume(const ExecSpan& batch, int64_t offset = 0,
+                                int64_t length = -1) = 0;
+
+  /// Get current unique keys. May be called multiple times.
+  virtual Result GetUniques() = 0;
+
+  /// Get the current number of groups.
+  virtual uint32_t num_groups() const = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Assemble lists of indices of identical elements.
+  ///
+  /// \param[in] ids An unsigned, all-valid integral array which will be
+  ///                used as grouping criteria.
+  /// \param[in] num_groups An upper bound for the elements of ids
+  /// \param[in] ctx Execution context to use during the operation
+  /// \return A num_groups-long ListArray where the slot at i contains a
+  ///         list of indices where i appears in ids.
+  ///
+  ///   MakeGroupings([
+  ///       2,
+  ///       2,
+  ///       5,
+  ///       5,
+  ///       2,
+  ///       3
+  ///   ], 8) == [
+  ///       [],
+  ///       [],
+  ///       [0, 1, 4],
+  ///       [5],
+  ///       [],
+  ///       [2, 3],
+  ///       [],
+  ///       []
+  ///   ]
+  static Result> MakeGroupings(
+      const UInt32Array& ids, uint32_t num_groups,
+      ExecContext* ctx = default_exec_context());
+
+  /// \brief Produce a ListArray whose slots are selections of `array` which correspond to
+  /// the provided groupings.
+  ///
+  /// For example,
+  ///   ApplyGroupings([
+  ///       [],
+  ///       [],
+  ///       [0, 1, 4],
+  ///       [5],
+  ///       [],
+  ///       [2, 3],
+  ///       [],
+  ///       []
+  ///   ], [2, 2, 5, 5, 2, 3]) == [
+  ///       [],
+  ///       [],
+  ///       [2, 2, 2],
+  ///       [3],
+  ///       [],
+  ///       [5, 5],
+  ///       [],
+  ///       []
+  ///   ]
+  static Result> ApplyGroupings(
+      const ListArray& groupings, const Array& array,
+      ExecContext* ctx = default_exec_context());
+};
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/type_fwd.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/type_fwd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..89f32ceb0f906e0d50bf063da22f33c3a856fe5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/type_fwd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+struct Datum;
+struct TypeHolder;
+
+namespace compute {
+
+class Function;
+class ScalarAggregateFunction;
+class FunctionExecutor;
+class FunctionOptions;
+class FunctionRegistry;
+
+/// \brief Return the process-global function registry.
+// Defined in registry.cc
+ARROW_EXPORT FunctionRegistry* GetFunctionRegistry();
+
+class CastOptions;
+
+struct ExecBatch;
+class ExecContext;
+class KernelContext;
+
+struct Kernel;
+struct ScalarKernel;
+struct ScalarAggregateKernel;
+struct VectorKernel;
+
+struct KernelState;
+
+class Expression;
+
+ARROW_EXPORT ExecContext* default_exec_context();
+ARROW_EXPORT ExecContext* threaded_exec_context();
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/util.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1aaff43e10e1fd6b10a1e05eb1d33039b55b8563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/compute/util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/compute/expression.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/type_fwd.h"
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/util/cpu_info.h"
+#include "arrow/util/simd.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
+#  define BYTESWAP(x) __builtin_bswap64(x)
+#  define ROTL(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> ((-n) & 31)))
+#  define ROTL64(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> ((-n) & 63)))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  include 
+#  define BYTESWAP(x) _byteswap_uint64(x)
+#  define ROTL(x, n) _rotl((x), (n))
+#  define ROTL64(x, n) _rotl64((x), (n))
+#endif
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace util {
+
+// Some platforms typedef int64_t as long int instead of long long int,
+// which breaks the _mm256_i64gather_epi64 and _mm256_i32gather_epi64 intrinsics
+// which need long long.
+// We use the cast to the type below in these intrinsics to make the code
+// compile in all cases.
+//
+using int64_for_gather_t = const long long int;  // NOLINT runtime-int
+
+// All MiniBatch... classes use TempVectorStack for vector allocations and can
+// only work with vectors up to 1024 elements.
+//
+// They should only be allocated on the stack to guarantee the right sequence
+// of allocation and deallocation of vectors from TempVectorStack.
+//
+class MiniBatch {
+ public:
+  static constexpr int kLogMiniBatchLength = 10;
+  static constexpr int kMiniBatchLength = 1 << kLogMiniBatchLength;
+};
+
+namespace bit_util {
+
+ARROW_EXPORT void bits_to_indexes(int bit_to_search, int64_t hardware_flags,
+                                  const int num_bits, const uint8_t* bits,
+                                  int* num_indexes, uint16_t* indexes,
+                                  int bit_offset = 0);
+
+ARROW_EXPORT void bits_filter_indexes(int bit_to_search, int64_t hardware_flags,
+                                      const int num_bits, const uint8_t* bits,
+                                      const uint16_t* input_indexes, int* num_indexes,
+                                      uint16_t* indexes, int bit_offset = 0);
+
+// Input and output indexes may be pointing to the same data (in-place filtering).
+ARROW_EXPORT void bits_split_indexes(int64_t hardware_flags, const int num_bits,
+                                     const uint8_t* bits, int* num_indexes_bit0,
+                                     uint16_t* indexes_bit0, uint16_t* indexes_bit1,
+                                     int bit_offset = 0);
+
+// Bit 1 is replaced with byte 0xFF.
+ARROW_EXPORT void bits_to_bytes(int64_t hardware_flags, const int num_bits,
+                                const uint8_t* bits, uint8_t* bytes, int bit_offset = 0);
+
+// Return highest bit of each byte.
+ARROW_EXPORT void bytes_to_bits(int64_t hardware_flags, const int num_bits,
+                                const uint8_t* bytes, uint8_t* bits, int bit_offset = 0);
+
+ARROW_EXPORT bool are_all_bytes_zero(int64_t hardware_flags, const uint8_t* bytes,
+                                     uint32_t num_bytes);
+
+#if defined(ARROW_HAVE_RUNTIME_AVX2) && defined(ARROW_HAVE_RUNTIME_BMI2)
+// The functions below use BMI2 instructions, be careful before calling!
+
+namespace avx2 {
+ARROW_EXPORT void bits_filter_indexes_avx2(int bit_to_search, const int num_bits,
+                                           const uint8_t* bits,
+                                           const uint16_t* input_indexes,
+                                           int* num_indexes, uint16_t* indexes);
+ARROW_EXPORT void bits_to_indexes_avx2(int bit_to_search, const int num_bits,
+                                       const uint8_t* bits, int* num_indexes,
+                                       uint16_t* indexes, uint16_t base_index = 0);
+ARROW_EXPORT void bits_to_bytes_avx2(const int num_bits, const uint8_t* bits,
+                                     uint8_t* bytes);
+ARROW_EXPORT void bytes_to_bits_avx2(const int num_bits, const uint8_t* bytes,
+                                     uint8_t* bits);
+ARROW_EXPORT bool are_all_bytes_zero_avx2(const uint8_t* bytes, uint32_t num_bytes);
+}  // namespace avx2
+
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace bit_util
+}  // namespace util
+
+namespace compute {
+
+/// Modify an Expression with pre-order and post-order visitation.
+/// `pre` will be invoked on each Expression. `pre` will visit Calls before their
+/// arguments, `post_call` will visit Calls (and no other Expressions) after their
+/// arguments. Visitors should return the Identical expression to indicate no change; this
+/// will prevent unnecessary construction in the common case where a modification is not
+/// possible/necessary/...
+///
+/// If an argument was modified, `post_call` visits a reconstructed Call with the modified
+/// arguments but also receives a pointer to the unmodified Expression as a second
+/// argument. If no arguments were modified the unmodified Expression* will be nullptr.
+template 
+Result ModifyExpression(Expression expr, const PreVisit& pre,
+                                    const PostVisitCall& post_call) {
+  ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(expr, Result(pre(std::move(expr))));
+
+  auto call = expr.call();
+  if (!call) return expr;
+
+  bool at_least_one_modified = false;
+  std::vector modified_arguments;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < call->arguments.size(); ++i) {
+    ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto modified_argument,
+                          ModifyExpression(call->arguments[i], pre, post_call));
+
+    if (Identical(modified_argument, call->arguments[i])) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (!at_least_one_modified) {
+      modified_arguments = call->arguments;
+      at_least_one_modified = true;
+    }
+
+    modified_arguments[i] = std::move(modified_argument);
+  }
+
+  if (at_least_one_modified) {
+    // reconstruct the call expression with the modified arguments
+    auto modified_call = *call;
+    modified_call.arguments = std::move(modified_arguments);
+    return post_call(Expression(std::move(modified_call)), &expr);
+  }
+
+  return post_call(std::move(expr), NULLPTR);
+}
+
+// Helper class to calculate the modified number of rows to process using SIMD.
+//
+// Some array elements at the end will be skipped in order to avoid buffer
+// overrun, when doing memory loads and stores using larger word size than a
+// single array element.
+//
+class TailSkipForSIMD {
+ public:
+  static int64_t FixBitAccess(int num_bytes_accessed_together, int64_t num_rows,
+                              int bit_offset) {
+    int64_t num_bytes = bit_util::BytesForBits(num_rows + bit_offset);
+    int64_t num_bytes_safe =
+        std::max(static_cast(0LL), num_bytes - num_bytes_accessed_together + 1);
+    int64_t num_rows_safe =
+        std::max(static_cast(0LL), 8 * num_bytes_safe - bit_offset);
+    return std::min(num_rows_safe, num_rows);
+  }
+  static int64_t FixBinaryAccess(int num_bytes_accessed_together, int64_t num_rows,
+                                 int64_t length) {
+    int64_t num_rows_to_skip = bit_util::CeilDiv(length, num_bytes_accessed_together);
+    int64_t num_rows_safe =
+        std::max(static_cast(0LL), num_rows - num_rows_to_skip);
+    return num_rows_safe;
+  }
+  static int64_t FixVarBinaryAccess(int num_bytes_accessed_together, int64_t num_rows,
+                                    const uint32_t* offsets) {
+    // Do not process rows that could read past the end of the buffer using N
+    // byte loads/stores.
+    //
+    int64_t num_rows_safe = num_rows;
+    while (num_rows_safe > 0 &&
+           offsets[num_rows_safe] + num_bytes_accessed_together > offsets[num_rows]) {
+      --num_rows_safe;
+    }
+    return num_rows_safe;
+  }
+  static int FixSelection(int64_t num_rows_safe, int num_selected,
+                          const uint16_t* selection) {
+    int num_selected_safe = num_selected;
+    while (num_selected_safe > 0 && selection[num_selected_safe - 1] >= num_rows_safe) {
+      --num_selected_safe;
+    }
+    return num_selected_safe;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace compute
+}  // namespace arrow
diff --git a/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/datum.h b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/datum.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a88e7a81125cbed89d78d0e67288075ed9295f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Prism/LLaDA/LLaDA_Prism/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/include/arrow/datum.h
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "arrow/array/data.h"
+#include "arrow/device_allocation_type_set.h"
+#include "arrow/scalar.h"
+#include "arrow/type.h"
+#include "arrow/type_traits.h"
+#include "arrow/util/checked_cast.h"
+#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
+#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+class Array;
+class ChunkedArray;
+class RecordBatch;
+class Table;
+
+/// \class Datum
+/// \brief Variant type for various Arrow C++ data structures
+struct ARROW_EXPORT Datum {
+  /// \brief The kind of datum stored
+  enum Kind { NONE, SCALAR, ARRAY, CHUNKED_ARRAY, RECORD_BATCH, TABLE };
+
+  /// \brief A placeholder type to represent empty datum
+  struct Empty {};
+
+  /// \brief Datums variants may have a length. This special value indicate that the
+  /// current variant does not have a length.
+  static constexpr int64_t kUnknownLength = -1;
+
+  /// \brief Storage of the actual datum.
+  ///
+  /// Note: For arrays, ArrayData is stored instead of Array for easier processing
+  std::variant, std::shared_ptr,
+               std::shared_ptr, std::shared_ptr,
+               std::shared_ptr
>
+      value;
+
+  /// \brief Empty datum, to be populated elsewhere
+  Datum() = default;
+
+  Datum(const Datum& other) = default;
+  Datum& operator=(const Datum& other) = default;
+  Datum(Datum&& other) = default;
+  Datum& operator=(Datum&& other) = default;
+
+  /// \brief Construct from a Scalar
+  Datum(std::shared_ptr value)  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+      : value(std::move(value)) {}
+
+  /// \brief Construct from an ArrayData
+  Datum(std::shared_ptr value)  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+      : value(std::move(value)) {}
+
+  /// \brief Construct from an ArrayData
+  Datum(ArrayData arg)  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+      : value(std::make_shared(std::move(arg))) {}
+
+  /// \brief Construct from an Array
+  Datum(const Array& value);  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+
+  /// \brief Construct from an Array
+  Datum(const std::shared_ptr& value);  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+
+  /// \brief Construct from a ChunkedArray
+  Datum(std::shared_ptr value);  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+
+  /// \brief Construct from a RecordBatch
+  Datum(std::shared_ptr value);  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+
+  /// \brief Construct from a Table
+  Datum(std::shared_ptr
 value);  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+
+  /// \brief Construct from a ChunkedArray.
+  ///
+  /// This can be expensive, prefer the shared_ptr constructor
+  explicit Datum(const ChunkedArray& value);
+
+  /// \brief Construct from a RecordBatch.
+  ///
+  /// This can be expensive, prefer the shared_ptr constructor
+  explicit Datum(const RecordBatch& value);
+
+  /// \brief Construct from a Table.
+  ///
+  /// This can be expensive, prefer the shared_ptr
 constructor
+  explicit Datum(const Table& value);
+
+  /// \brief Cast from concrete subtypes of Array or Scalar to Datum
+  template ,
+            bool IsScalar = std::is_base_of_v,
+            typename = enable_if_t>
+  Datum(std::shared_ptr value)  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+      : Datum(std::shared_ptr::type>(
+            std::move(value))) {}
+
+  /// \brief Cast from concrete subtypes of Array or Scalar to Datum
+  template ,
+            bool IsArray = std::is_base_of_v,
+            bool IsScalar = std::is_base_of_v,
+            typename = enable_if_t>
+  Datum(T&& value)  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+      : Datum(std::make_shared(std::forward(value))) {}
+
+  /// \brief Copy from concrete subtypes of Scalar.
+  ///
+  /// The concrete scalar type must be copyable (not all of them are).
+  template >>
+  Datum(const T& value)  // NOLINT implicit conversion
+      : Datum(std::make_shared(value)) {}
+
+  // Convenience constructors
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing a bool scalar.
+  explicit Datum(bool value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing an int8 scalar.
+  explicit Datum(int8_t value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing a uint8 scalar.
+  explicit Datum(uint8_t value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing an int16 scalar.
+  explicit Datum(int16_t value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing a uint16 scalar.
+  explicit Datum(uint16_t value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing an int32 scalar.
+  explicit Datum(int32_t value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing a uint32 scalar.
+  explicit Datum(uint32_t value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing an int64 scalar.
+  explicit Datum(int64_t value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing a uint64 scalar.
+  explicit Datum(uint64_t value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing a float scalar.
+  explicit Datum(float value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing a double scalar.
+  explicit Datum(double value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing a string scalar.
+  explicit Datum(std::string value);
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor storing a string scalar.
+  explicit Datum(const char* value);
+
+  /// \brief Convenience constructor for a DurationScalar from std::chrono::duration
+  template