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license: apache-2.0
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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base_model:
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- Qwen/Qwen2.5-Math-7B
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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tags:
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- lean4
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- step-prover
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---
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<div align="center">
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<h1 style="font-size: 2.0em;">π BFS-Prover-V2: Scaling up Multi-Turn Off-Policy RL and Multi-Agent Tree Search for LLM Step-Provers</h1>
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<div style="display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap;">
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06493"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2509.06493-b31b1b.svg" alt="arXiv"></a>
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<a href="https://choosealicense.com/licenses/apache-2.0/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-blue.svg" alt="License: Apache 2.0"></a>
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<a href="https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib4"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Lean-4-orange" alt="Lean 4"></a>
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</div>
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<h2>State-of-the-art tactic generation model in Lean4</h2>
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</div>
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This repository contains the latest tactic generator model checkpoint from BFS-Prover-V2, a state-of-the-art step-level theorem proving system in Lean4. While the full BFS-Prover-V2 system integrates multiple components for scalable theorem proving, we are releasing the core tactic generation model here. Given a proof state in Lean4, the model generates a tactic that transforms the current proof state into a new state, progressively working towards completing the proof.
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**π Paper: [Scaling up Multi-Turn Off-Policy RL and Multi-Agent Tree Search for LLM Step-Provers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06493)**
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## β¨ Model Details
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- Base Model: Qwen2.5-32B
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- Training Approach: Multi-stage expert iteration with best-first tree search
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- Training Data Sources:
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- Mathlib (via LeanDojo)
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- Lean-Github repositories
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- Autoformalized NuminaMath datasets
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## π Performance
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BFS-Prover-V2-32B achieves 95.08% on the miniF2F test, when integrated with the planner-based multi-agent tree search system, which significantly outperforms all previous step-provers.
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Additionally, the model demonstrates strong generalization to undergraduate-level mathematics, independently attaining 41.4% on the ProofNet test without a planner.
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## βοΈ Usage
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- The model expects Lean4 tactic states in the format `"{state}:::"`
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- `:::` serves as a special indicator to signal the model to generate a tactic for the given state.
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- The model will echo back the input state followed by the generated tactic.
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```python
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# Example code for loading and using the tactic generator model
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("ByteDance-Seed/BFS-Prover-V2-32B")
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("ByteDance-Seed/BFS-Prover-V2-32B")
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# imo_1964_p2 from miniF2F
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state = """a b c : β
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hβ : 0 < a β§ 0 < b β§ 0 < c
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hβ : c < a + b
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hβ : b < a + c
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hβ : a < b + c
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β’ a ^ 2 * (b + c - a) + b ^ 2 * (c + a - b) + c ^ 2 * (a + b - c) β€ 3 * a * b * c"""
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# Tactic generation
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sep = ":::"
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prompt = state + sep
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inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt")
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs)
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tactic = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True).split(sep)[1]
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print(tactic)
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# Generated tactic: "nlinarith [sq_nonneg (a - b), sq_nonneg (c - a), sq_nonneg (b - c)]"
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```
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## π Citation
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If you use this model in your research, please cite our paper:
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```bibtex
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@article{xin2025bfsproverv2,
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title={Scaling up Multi-Turn Off-Policy RL and Multi-Agent Tree Search for LLM Step-Provers},
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author={Xin, Ran and Zheng, Zeyu and Nie, Yanchen and Yuan, Kun and Xiao, Xia},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.06493},
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year={2025}
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}
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```
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## π License
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https://choosealicense.com/licenses/apache-2.0/
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## π§ Contact
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For questions and feedback about the tactic generator model, please contact:
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- Ran Xin (ran.xin@bytedance.com)
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- Zeyu Zheng (zeyuzhen@andrew.cmu.edu)
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