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README.md
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<div align="center">
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<h1 style="font-size: 2.0em;"
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<div
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<a href="https://
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</div>
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<h2>State-of-the-art tactic generation model in Lean4</h2>
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</div>
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- Training Approach: Multi-stage expert iteration with best-first tree search
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- Training Data Sources:
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- Mathlib (via LeanDojo)
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- Lean-Github repositories
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- Autoformalized NuminaMath datasets
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##
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- `:::` serves as a special indicator to signal the model to generate a tactic for the given state.
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- The model will echo back the input state followed by the generated tactic.
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tactic = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True).split(sep)[1]
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print(tactic)
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# Generated tactic: "nlinarith [sq_nonneg (
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```
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##
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If you use this model in your research, please cite our paper:
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```bibtex
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@article{
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title={Scaling up Multi-Turn Off-Policy RL and Multi-Agent Tree Search for LLM Step-Provers},
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author={Xin, Ran and Zheng, Zeyu and Nie, Yanchen and Yuan, Kun and Xiao, Xia},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.06493},
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}
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```
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##
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https://
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##
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For questions and feedback about the tactic generator model, please contact:
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- Ran Xin (ran.xin@bytedance.com)
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<div align="center">
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<h1 style="font-size: 2.0em;">BFS-Prover-V2: Scaling up Multi-Turn Off-Policy RL and Multi-Agent Tree Search for LLM Step-Provers</h1>
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<div align="center" style="line-height: 1;">
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<a href="https://bfs-prover.github.io/V2/">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Homepage-BFS--Prover--V2-78DED4?style=flat-square&labelColor=2E5AA8">
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</a>
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06493">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2509.06493-b31b1b.svg?style=flat-square&labelColor=2E5AA8">
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</a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/collections/ByteDance-Seed/bfs-prover-68db961a5fdf9de045440230">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-BFS--Prover--V2-808080?&style=flat-square&labelColor=2E5AA8">
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</a>
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<a href="https://github.com/cmu-l3/llmlean">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Integration-LLMLean-black?style=flat-square&labelColor=2E5AA8">
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</a>
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<a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-purple.svg?style=flat-square&labelColor=2E5AA8">
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</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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## Introduction
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We introduce **BFS-Prover-V2**, the state-of-the-art open-source step-level theorem proving system for Lean4, designed to address the dual challenges of scaling both training and inference in neural theorem proving. BFS-Prover-V2 introduces novel solutions to overcome these limitations through:
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1. **Training-time scaling**: A novel multi-stage expert iteration framework with adaptive tactic-level data filtering and periodic retraining to surmount the performance plateaus that typically curtail long-term post training
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2. **Inference-time scaling**: A planner-enhanced multi-agent tree search system for hierarchical reasoning that scales performance at inference time
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**BFS-Prover-V2** achieves 95.08\% and 41.4\% on the miniF2F and ProofNet test sets respectively, setting a new state-of-the-art for step-level provers.
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This repo contains the **BFS-Prover-V2-7B** model, with the following features:
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- Base Model: Qwen2.5-Math-7B
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- Training Approach: Multi-stage expert iteration with best-first tree search
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- Training Data Sources:
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- Mathlib (via LeanDojo)
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- Lean-Github repositories
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- Autoformalized NuminaMath datasets
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- Goedel-Pset
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## Benchmark Performance
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<div align="center">
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| Model | miniF2F-test | miniF2F-valid | ProofNet-test |
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|:------|:------------:|:-------------:|:-------------:|
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| π **BFS-Prover-V2-7B** | 82.4% | - | - |
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| BFS-Prover-V2-32B | 86.1% | 85.5% | 41.4% |
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| BFS-Prover-V2-32B w/ Planner | 95.08% | 95.5% | - |
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</div>
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## Usage
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- The model expects input in the format `"{state}:::"` where {state} is a Lean4 tactic state.
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- `:::` serves as a special indicator to signal the model to generate a tactic for the given state.
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- The model will echo back the input state followed by the generated tactic.
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tactic = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True).split(sep)[1]
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print(tactic)
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# Generated tactic: "nlinarith [sq_nonneg (a - b), sq_nonneg (c - a), sq_nonneg (b - c)]"
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```
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@article{xin2025scaling,
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title={Scaling up Multi-Turn Off-Policy RL and Multi-Agent Tree Search for LLM Step-Provers},
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author={Xin, Ran and Zheng, Zeyu and Nie, Yanchen and Yuan, Kun and Xiao, Xia},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.06493},
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}
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```
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## License
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This project is licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt).
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## Contact
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For questions and feedback about the tactic generator model, please contact:
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- Ran Xin (ran.xin@bytedance.com)
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