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README.md
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---
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library_name: transformers
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license:
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base_model: roberta-base
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metrics:
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- accuracy
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tags:
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- generated_from_trainer
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- nlp
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- vulnerability
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model-index:
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- name: vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
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results: []
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datasets:
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- CIRCL/vulnerability-scores
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#
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# Severity classification
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This model is a fine-tuned version of [roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) on the dataset [CIRCL/vulnerability-scores](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CIRCL/vulnerability-scores).
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The model was presented in the paper [VLAI: A RoBERTa-Based Model for Automated Vulnerability Severity Classification](https://huggingface.co/papers/2507.03607) [[arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03607)].
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**Abstract:** VLAI is a transformer-based model that predicts software vulnerability severity levels directly from text descriptions. Built on RoBERTa, VLAI is fine-tuned on over 600,000 real-world vulnerabilities and achieves over 82% accuracy in predicting severity categories, enabling faster and more consistent triage ahead of manual CVSS scoring. The model and dataset are open-source and integrated into the Vulnerability-Lookup service.
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You can read [this page](https://www.vulnerability-lookup.org/user-manual/ai/) for more information.
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## Model description
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## How to get started with the model
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer
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import torch
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
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model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)
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model.eval()
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that could severely harm the host system. This could significantly affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the targeted system."
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inputs = tokenizer(test_description, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, padding=True)
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# Run inference
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with torch.no_grad():
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outputs = model(**inputs)
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predictions = torch.nn.functional.softmax(outputs.logits, dim=-1)
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# Print results
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print("Predictions:", predictions)
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predicted_class = torch.argmax(predictions, dim=-1).item()
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print("Predicted severity:", labels[predicted_class])
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```
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## Training procedure
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- lr_scheduler_type: linear
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- num_epochs: 5
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It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
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- Loss: 0.4942
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- Accuracy: 0.8233
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### Training results
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| Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Accuracy |
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### Framework versions
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library_name: transformers
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license: mit
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base_model: roberta-base
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tags:
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- generated_from_trainer
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metrics:
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- accuracy
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model-index:
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- name: vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
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results: []
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---
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<!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
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should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->
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# vulnerability-severity-classification-roberta-base
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This model is a fine-tuned version of [roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) on an unknown dataset.
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It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
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- Loss: 0.4941
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- Accuracy: 0.8231
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## Model description
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More information needed
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## Intended uses & limitations
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More information needed
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## Training and evaluation data
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More information needed
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## Training procedure
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- lr_scheduler_type: linear
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- num_epochs: 5
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### Training results
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| Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Accuracy |
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| 0.6002 | 1.0 | 15170 | 0.6387 | 0.7427 |
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| 0.5361 | 2.0 | 30340 | 0.5631 | 0.7751 |
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| 0.4608 | 3.0 | 45510 | 0.5208 | 0.7970 |
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| 0.3383 | 4.0 | 60680 | 0.4975 | 0.8150 |
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| 0.3325 | 5.0 | 75850 | 0.4941 | 0.8231 |
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### Framework versions
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emissions.csv
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timestamp,project_name,run_id,experiment_id,duration,emissions,emissions_rate,cpu_power,gpu_power,ram_power,cpu_energy,gpu_energy,ram_energy,energy_consumed,water_consumed,country_name,country_iso_code,region,cloud_provider,cloud_region,os,python_version,codecarbon_version,cpu_count,cpu_model,gpu_count,gpu_model,longitude,latitude,ram_total_size,tracking_mode,cpu_utilization_percent,gpu_utilization_percent,ram_utilization_percent,ram_used_gb,on_cloud,pue,wue
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2026-01-
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timestamp,project_name,run_id,experiment_id,duration,emissions,emissions_rate,cpu_power,gpu_power,ram_power,cpu_energy,gpu_energy,ram_energy,energy_consumed,water_consumed,country_name,country_iso_code,region,cloud_provider,cloud_region,os,python_version,codecarbon_version,cpu_count,cpu_model,gpu_count,gpu_model,longitude,latitude,ram_total_size,tracking_mode,cpu_utilization_percent,gpu_utilization_percent,ram_utilization_percent,ram_used_gb,on_cloud,pue,wue
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2026-01-23T11:36:20,codecarbon,8125681a-5faa-4b2c-b95b-40fa3f27a3d2,5b0fa12a-3dd7-45bb-9766-cc326314d9f1,14283.482265740167,0.5416504412498306,3.7921455788761915e-05,364.6319145477701,864.5935561562808,70.0,1.4450226164935585,3.4235609066243096,0.2771033872858828,5.145686910403756,0.0,Luxembourg,LUX,,,,Linux-6.8.0-90-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.39,3.12.3,3.2.1,224,Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8480+,4,4 x NVIDIA L40S,6.1661,49.7498,2015.3354835510254,machine,0.6635526500773231,73.5131985940246,1.0799100238999018,21.419206692199406,N,1.0,0.0
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