---
language: lg
license: apache-2.0
library_name: nemo
pipeline_tag: text-to-speech
tags:
  - text-to-speech
  - tts
  - nemo
  - fastpitch
  - hifigan
  - luganda
  - african-languages
  - low-resource
  - edge
  - on-device
datasets:
  - Sunbird/salt
---

# Ganda NeMo (Experimental) — Luganda TTS

A research-preview Luganda text-to-speech system built on NVIDIA NeMo, targeting **on-device and edge deployment on mobile phones**. Ships as two NeMo checkpoints: a FastPitch acoustic model and a HiFi-GAN vocoder.

> **Status:** experimental. Released as-is for research, evaluation.

## Model summary

| Component | File | Arch | Size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acoustic model | `luganda_fastpitch.nemo` | FastPitch (FFTransformer, 6L, d=384) | 187 MB |
| Vocoder | `luganda_hifigan.nemo` | HiFi-GAN v1 (upsample [8,8,2,2], 512 ch) | 339 MB |

- **Language:** Luganda (ISO 639-1 `lg`)
- **Sample rate:** 22,050 Hz
- **Mel config:** 80 bins, `n_fft=1024`, `hop=256`, `win=1024`, range 0–8000 Hz
- **License:** Apache-2.0

## Intended use

- Research on low-resource African-language TTS.
- Prototyping **on-device / edge** Luganda voice output on mobile (primary deployment target).
- Benchmarking and comparison against other Luganda / Bantu-language TTS systems.



## Training data

Trained on the **[Sunbird SALT](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Sunbird/salt)** Luganda subset — a mixed male/female multi-speaker corpus. Approximately **2,380 clips / ~2.69 hours** were used.


## Model architecture & training

### FastPitch (acoustic model)

- FFTransformer encoder/decoder: 6 layers, 1 head, `d_model=384`, `d_inner=1536`, dropout 0.1
- Duration + pitch predictors: 2-layer temporal predictors, filter size 256
- Learned alignment (`learn_alignment: true`), bin-loss warmup 100 epochs
- Pitch stats (z-score): μ=190.65 Hz, σ=51.25 Hz
- Optimizer: Adam, lr=1e-4, betas=(0.9, 0.999), weight_decay=1e-6, batch size 24
- Training steps: ~20,000
- NeMo version at training time: 1.8.0rc0

### HiFi-GAN (vocoder)

- Generator: upsample rates `[8, 8, 2, 2]`, kernel sizes `[16, 16, 4, 4]`, initial channels 512
- Resblock type 1, kernel sizes `[3, 7, 11]`, dilations `[[1,3,5], [1,3,5], [1,3,5]]`
- Optimizer: AdamW, lr=2e-4, betas=(0.8, 0.99), batch size 16
- Training steps: ~20,000
- NeMo version at training time: 1.23.0

## Limitations

**Text frontend — English G2P.** Luganda does not yet have a mature open-source grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) resource. FastPitch here uses NeMo's `EnglishPhonemesTokenizer` with `EnglishG2p` (CMUdict) as the text frontend since luganda's spelling is largely phonemic. Building a proper Luganda phonemizer is an obvious next step and contributions are welcome.

**Single output voice.** The model is trained on multi-speaker data but emits one averaged voice. No speaker conditioning is available at inference.

**Low-resource training.** ~2.7 hours of speech is small for TTS. Expect audible artifacts, uneven prosody on long sentences, and reduced robustness on numerals, code-switched English, and out-of-distribution domains.

**Text normalization.** The packaged text normalizer is `nemo_text_processing.text_normalization.Normalizer` with `lang: en`. Non-trivial Luganda text normalization (e.g., number reading, abbreviations) is not handled — pre-normalize input in your pipeline.

## Usage

```python
from nemo.collections.tts.models import FastPitchModel, HifiGanModel
import soundfile as sf

fastpitch = FastPitchModel.restore_from("luganda_fastpitch.nemo")
hifigan = HifiGanModel.restore_from("luganda_hifigan.nemo")

text = "Oli otya?"
parsed = fastpitch.parse(text)
spectrogram = fastpitch.generate_spectrogram(tokens=parsed)
audio = hifigan.convert_spectrogram_to_audio(spec=spectrogram)

sf.write("out.wav", audio.to("cpu").numpy().squeeze(), 22050)
```

### Loading from the Hub

```python
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
from nemo.collections.tts.models import FastPitchModel, HifiGanModel

fp = hf_hub_download("Cal3bd3v/ganda-nemo-experimental", "luganda_fastpitch.nemo")
hg = hf_hub_download("Cal3bd3v/ganda-nemo-experimental", "luganda_hifigan.nemo")

fastpitch = FastPitchModel.restore_from(fp)
hifigan = HifiGanModel.restore_from(hg)
```

## Edge / on-device deployment

The primary deployment target is mobile. Suggested paths:

- Export FastPitch and HiFi-GAN to ONNX via NeMo's exporter, then run with ONNX Runtime Mobile / ExecuTorch.
- HiFi-GAN dominates runtime; a distilled / smaller vocoder (e.g., HiFi-GAN v3 or iSTFTNet) is recommended for phone-class CPUs.
- Streaming is possible by chunking mel output and vocoding incrementally; latency budget depends on device.

Quantization, pruning, and distillation have not been applied in this release.

## Ethical considerations

- The speaker(s) in the Sunbird SALT corpus consented to the original dataset's terms; downstream use must respect those terms.
- Because the model emits a synthesized Luganda voice, downstream applications should disclose synthetic speech to end users where appropriate (accessibility, consent, anti-impersonation).

## Attribution

- **Model author:** Caleb Lwanga, **[Crane AI Labs](https://huggingface.co/CraneAILabs)**
- **Base framework:** [NVIDIA NeMo](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo)
- **Training corpus:** [Sunbird SALT](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Sunbird/salt)

## License

Apache-2.0. Use of the model must also comply with the license of the Sunbird SALT dataset used for training.