Safetensors
File size: 25,886 Bytes
aa45001
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
from .paths import BACKBONE
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import math
from transformers import AutoTokenizer
from torch.optim import AdamW
import numpy as np
from sklearn.metrics import f1_score
from typing import Tuple
import lightning.pytorch as pl
import gc
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import _LRScheduler
from sklearn.metrics import f1_score, roc_auc_score, accuracy_score, matthews_corrcoef, precision_score, recall_score


class GELU(nn.Module):
    def forward(self, x):
        return 0.5 * x * (1.0 + torch.erf(x / math.sqrt(2.0)))


class FocalLoss(nn.Module):
    """Focal loss.

    Sources:
    https://github.com/fcakyon/balanced-loss/blob/main/balanced_loss/losses.py
    https://github.com/vandit15/Class-balanced-loss-pytorch/blob/master/class_balanced_loss.py
    """
    def __init__(self, gamma=2):
        super(FocalLoss, self).__init__()
        self.gamma = gamma

    def forward(self, inputs, targets, sample_weights):
        BCLoss = F.binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(input = inputs, target = targets,reduction = "none")

        if self.gamma == 0.0:
            modulator = 1.0
        else:
            modulator = torch.exp(-self.gamma * targets * inputs - self.gamma * torch.log(1 +
                torch.exp(-1.0 * inputs)))

        loss = modulator * BCLoss

        weighted_loss = sample_weights * loss
        focal_loss = torch.sum(weighted_loss)

        focal_loss /= torch.sum(targets)
        return focal_loss


class F1Loss(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, epsilon=1e-7):
        super().__init__()
        self.epsilon = epsilon

    def forward(self, y_pred, y_true):
        assert y_pred.ndim == 2
        assert y_true.ndim == 2
        y_true = y_true.float()
        y_pred = torch.sigmoid(y_pred)

        tp = (y_true * y_pred).sum(dim=0)
        fp = ((1 - y_true) * y_pred).sum(dim=0)
        fn = (y_true * (1 - y_pred)).sum(dim=0)

        precision = tp / (tp + fp + self.epsilon)
        recall = tp / (tp + fn + self.epsilon)

        f1 = 2 * (precision * recall) / (precision + recall + self.epsilon)
        f1 = f1.clamp(min=self.epsilon, max=1-self.epsilon)
        return 1 - f1.mean()


def rotate_half(x):
    x1, x2 = x.chunk(2, dim=-1)
    return torch.cat((-x2, x1), dim=-1)


def apply_rotary_pos_emb(x, cos, sin):
    # x: (B, L, H, D); cos and sin: (1, L, D).
    cos = cos.unsqueeze(2)
    sin = sin.unsqueeze(2)
    return (x * cos) + (rotate_half(x) * sin)


class RotaryEmbedding(torch.nn.Module):
    """Rotary position embeddings (Su et al.), inspired by GPT-NeoX.

    https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.09864
    https://github.com/ZhuiyiTechnology/roformer
    https://github.com/EleutherAI/gpt-neox
    """

    def __init__(self, dim: int, *_, **__):
        super().__init__()
        inv_freq = 1.0 / (10000 ** (torch.arange(0, dim, 2).float() / dim))
        self.register_buffer("inv_freq", inv_freq)

        self._seq_len_cached = None
        self._cos_cached = None
        self._sin_cached = None

    def _update_cos_sin_tables(self, x, seq_dimension=1):
        seq_len = x.shape[seq_dimension]

        if seq_len != self._seq_len_cached or self._cos_cached.device != x.device:
            self._seq_len_cached = seq_len
            t = torch.arange(x.shape[seq_dimension], device=x.device).type_as(self.inv_freq)
            freqs = torch.einsum("i,j->ij", t, self.inv_freq)
            emb = torch.cat((freqs, freqs), dim=-1).to(x.device)

            self._cos_cached = emb.cos()[None, :, :]
            self._sin_cached = emb.sin()[None, :, :]

        return self._cos_cached, self._sin_cached

    def forward(self, q: torch.Tensor, k: torch.Tensor) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        self._cos_cached, self._sin_cached = self._update_cos_sin_tables(k)

        return (
            apply_rotary_pos_emb(q, self._cos_cached, self._sin_cached),
            apply_rotary_pos_emb(k, self._cos_cached, self._sin_cached),
        )


def macro_f1(y_true, y_pred, thresholds):
    y_pred_binary = (y_pred >= thresholds).float()
    tp = (y_true * y_pred_binary).sum(dim=0)
    fp = ((1 - y_true) * y_pred_binary).sum(dim=0)
    fn = (y_true * (1 - y_pred_binary)).sum(dim=0)
    precision = tp / (tp + fp + 1e-7)
    recall = tp / (tp + fn + 1e-7)
    f1 = 2 * precision * recall / (precision + recall + 1e-7)
    macro_f1 = f1.mean()
    return macro_f1


def safeguard_softmax(logits, dim=-1):
    max_logits, _ = logits.max(dim=dim, keepdim=True)
    exp_logits = torch.exp(logits - max_logits)
    exp_sum = exp_logits.sum(dim=dim, keepdim=True)
    probs = exp_logits / (exp_sum + 1e-7)
    return probs


class PositionalAttentionHead(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, hidden_dim, n_heads):
        super(PositionalAttentionHead, self).__init__()
        self.n_heads = n_heads
        self.hidden_dim = hidden_dim
        self.head_dim = hidden_dim // n_heads
        self.preattn_ln = nn.LayerNorm(self.head_dim)
        self.Q = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
        self.K = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
        self.V = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
        self.rot_emb = RotaryEmbedding(self.head_dim)

    def forward(self, x, attention_mask):
        batch_size, seq_len, _ = x.size()
        x = x.view(batch_size, seq_len, self.n_heads, self.head_dim)
        x = self.preattn_ln(x)

        q = self.Q(x)
        k = self.K(x)
        v = self.V(x)

        q, k = self.rot_emb(q, k)
        gc.collect()
        torch.cuda.empty_cache()

        attn_scores = torch.einsum('bqhd,bkhd->bhqk', q, k) / math.sqrt(self.head_dim)
        attn_scores = attn_scores.masked_fill(torch.logical_not(attention_mask.unsqueeze(1).unsqueeze(1)), float("-inf"))

        attn_probs = safeguard_softmax(attn_scores, dim=-1)

        x = torch.einsum('bhqk,bkhd->bqhd', attn_probs, v)
        x = x.reshape(batch_size, seq_len, self.hidden_dim)
        gc.collect()
        torch.cuda.empty_cache()
        return x, attn_probs


class CosineAnnealingWithWarmup(_LRScheduler):
    def __init__(self, optimizer, warmup_steps, total_steps, eta_ratio=0.1, last_epoch=-1):
        self.warmup_steps = warmup_steps
        self.total_steps = total_steps
        self.eta_ratio = eta_ratio
        super(CosineAnnealingWithWarmup, self).__init__(optimizer, last_epoch)

    def get_lr(self):
        if self.last_epoch < self.warmup_steps:
            return [base_lr * self.last_epoch / self.warmup_steps for base_lr in self.base_lrs]

        progress = (self.last_epoch - self.warmup_steps) / (self.total_steps - self.warmup_steps)
        cosine_decay = 0.5 * (1 + np.cos(np.pi * progress))
        decayed_lr = (1 - self.eta_ratio) * cosine_decay + self.eta_ratio

        return [decayed_lr * base_lr for base_lr in self.base_lrs]


class AdaptiveMarginTripletLoss(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, initial_margin=0.05, scale_factor=0.1, min_margin=0.05, max_margin=2.0):
        super(AdaptiveMarginTripletLoss, self).__init__()
        self.initial_margin = initial_margin
        self.scale_factor = scale_factor
        self.min_margin = min_margin
        self.max_margin = max_margin

    def forward(self, anchor, positive, negative):
        pos_dist = F.pairwise_distance(anchor, positive, p=2)
        neg_dist = F.pairwise_distance(anchor, negative, p=2)

        adaptive_margins = self.initial_margin + self.scale_factor * (neg_dist - pos_dist)

        adaptive_margins = torch.clamp(adaptive_margins, min=self.min_margin, max=self.max_margin)

        losses = F.relu(pos_dist - neg_dist + adaptive_margins)

        return losses.mean()


class RobertaLMHead(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, embed_dim, output_dim, weight):
        super().__init__()
        self.dense = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim)
        self.layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm(embed_dim)
        self.weight = weight
        self.gelu = GELU()
        self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(output_dim))
    def forward(self, features):
        x = self.dense(features)
        x = self.gelu(x)
        x = self.layer_norm(x)
        x = F.linear(x, self.weight) + self.bias
        return x


def pad_to_max_length(tensor, max_length, pad_value=1):
    return F.pad(tensor, (0, max_length - tensor.shape[1]), value=pad_value)


def compute_ece(probs, labels, n_bins=10):
    """Per-class calibration error for probabilities and labels of shape (B, C)."""
    bin_boundaries = torch.linspace(0, 1, n_bins + 1)
    bin_lowers = bin_boundaries[:-1]
    bin_uppers = bin_boundaries[1:]

    n_classes = probs.size(1)
    ece_per_class = torch.zeros(n_classes, device=probs.device)

    for class_idx in range(n_classes):
        class_probs = probs[:, class_idx]
        class_labels = labels[:, class_idx]

        ece = torch.zeros(1, device=probs.device)
        for bin_lower, bin_upper in zip(bin_lowers, bin_uppers):
            in_bin = (class_probs.gt(bin_lower.item()) * class_probs.le(bin_upper.item())).float()
            prop_in_bin = in_bin.mean()

            if prop_in_bin > 0:
                accuracy_in_bin = (class_labels * in_bin).sum() / in_bin.sum()
                avg_confidence_in_bin = (class_probs * in_bin).sum() / in_bin.sum()
                ece += torch.abs(avg_confidence_in_bin - accuracy_in_bin) * prop_in_bin

        ece_per_class[class_idx] = ece.item()

    return ece_per_class


class MultitaskProteinModel(pl.LightningModule):
    def __init__(self, hparams, esm_model, num_layers_to_finetune, input_dim=1280, output_dim=12, class_weights=None, hidden_dim=512, n_heads=10):
        super(MultitaskProteinModel, self).__init__()
        self.save_hyperparameters(hparams)
        self.esm_model = esm_model
        for param in self.esm_model.parameters():
            param.requires_grad = False
        for i in range(num_layers_to_finetune):
            for param in self.esm_model.encoder.layer[-i-1].parameters():
                param.requires_grad = True

        self.lm_head = RobertaLMHead(embed_dim = 1280, output_dim=33, weight=self.esm_model.embeddings.word_embeddings.weight)
        self.attn_head = PositionalAttentionHead(input_dim, n_heads)
        self.attn_ln = nn.LayerNorm(input_dim)
        self.attn_skip = nn.Linear(input_dim, input_dim)
        self.linear_layers = nn.ModuleList()
        for _ in range(self.hparams.num_linear_layers):
            self.linear_layers.append(nn.Linear(input_dim, input_dim))
        self.reduction_layers = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(input_dim, hidden_dim),
            GELU(),
            nn.Linear(hidden_dim, output_dim)
        )
        self.clf_ln = nn.LayerNorm(input_dim)
        self.class_weights = class_weights
        self.classification_thresholds = nn.Parameter(torch.tensor([0.5]*output_dim))
        self.historical_memory = 0.9
        self.training_step_outputs = []
        self.training_step_true_labels = []
        self.testing_step_predictions = []
        self.testing_step_labels = []
        self.test_dataloader = None
        self.tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(str(BACKBONE), local_files_only=True)
        self.corruption_epoch_threshold = 5

    def setup(self, stage=None):
        self.__build_loss()

    def __build_loss(self):
        self.contrastive_loss = AdaptiveMarginTripletLoss()
        focal_gamma = torch.tensor(self.hparams.focal_gamma).to(self.device)
        self.class_weights = self.class_weights.to(self.device)
        self.focal_loss = FocalLoss(gamma=focal_gamma)
        self.f1_loss = F1Loss()
        self.reconstruction_loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(ignore_index=self.tokenizer.pad_token_id)

    def forward(self, input_ids, attention_masks=None):
        outputs = self.esm_model(input_ids=input_ids, attention_mask=attention_masks, output_hidden_states=True)
        embeddings = outputs.last_hidden_state
        attention_masks = attention_masks

        x_pool, x_attns = self.attn_head(embeddings, attention_masks)
        x_pool = self.attn_ln(x_pool + self.attn_skip(x_pool))

        for linear_layer in self.linear_layers:
            residue = x_pool
            x_pool = linear_layer(x_pool)
            x_pool = F.silu(x_pool)
            x_pool = x_pool + residue

        x_weighted = torch.einsum('bhlk,bld->bhld', x_attns, x_pool)
        x_combined = x_weighted.mean(dim=1)
        x_combined = self.clf_ln(x_combined)
        mlm_logits = self.lm_head(x_combined)
        attention_masks = attention_masks.unsqueeze(-1).float()
        attention_sum = attention_masks.sum(dim=1, keepdim=True)
        x_combined_masked = (x_combined * attention_masks).sum(dim=1) / attention_sum.squeeze(1)

        x_pred = self.reduction_layers(x_combined_masked)
        gc.collect()
        torch.cuda.empty_cache()
        return x_pred, x_attns, x_combined_masked, mlm_logits
    def forward_from_embeds(self, inputs_embeds, attention_masks=None):
        esm = self.esm_model
        # Disable token dropout for embedding input.
        if getattr(esm.embeddings, "token_dropout", False):
            esm.embeddings.token_dropout = False

        outs = esm(
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            attention_mask=attention_masks.to(torch.long),
            output_hidden_states=True,
        )
        embeddings = outs.last_hidden_state

        x_pool, x_attns = self.attn_head(embeddings, attention_masks)
        x_pool = self.attn_ln(x_pool + self.attn_skip(x_pool))
        for linear_layer in self.linear_layers:
            residue = x_pool
            x_pool = F.silu(linear_layer(x_pool))
            x_pool = x_pool + residue

        x_weighted = torch.einsum('bhlk,bld->bhld', x_attns, x_pool).mean(dim=1)
        x_weighted = self.clf_ln(x_weighted)

        mask_f = attention_masks.unsqueeze(-1).float()
        x_combined_masked = (x_weighted * mask_f).sum(dim=1) / mask_f.sum(dim=1).clamp_min(1e-6)

        x_pred = self.reduction_layers(x_combined_masked)
        return x_pred, x_attns, x_combined_masked, None
    def predict(self, input_ids, attention_masks=None):
        x_pred, _, _, _ = self.forward(input_ids, attention_masks)
        classification_output = torch.sigmoid(x_pred)
        predictions = (classification_output >= self.classification_thresholds).float()

        for i, pred in enumerate(predictions):
            if pred.sum() == 0:
                weighted_probs = classification_output[i]
                max_class = torch.argmax(weighted_probs)
                predictions[i, max_class] = 1.0

        confidence_scores = torch.abs(classification_output - self.classification_thresholds) / self.classification_thresholds
        max_confidence_scores = confidence_scores.max(dim=1).values

        return classification_output, predictions, max_confidence_scores

    def training_step(self, batch, batch_idx):
        anchor_input_ids, anchor_attention_masks = batch['anchor_input_ids'], batch['anchor_attention_mask']
        positive_input_ids, positive_attention_masks = batch['positive_input_ids'], batch['positive_attention_mask']
        negative_input_ids, negative_attention_masks = batch['negative_input_ids'], batch['negative_attention_mask']
        anchor_labels = batch['anchor_labels']
        positive_labels = batch['positive_labels']
        negative_labels = batch['negative_labels']

        anchor_x_pred, _, anchor_x_combined, mlm_logits = self.forward(anchor_input_ids, anchor_attention_masks)
        positive_x_pred, _, positive_x_combined, _ = self.forward(positive_input_ids, positive_attention_masks)
        negative_x_pred, _, negative_x_combined, _ = self.forward(negative_input_ids, negative_attention_masks)

        reconstruction_loss = self.reconstruction_loss(mlm_logits.view(-1, mlm_logits.size(-1)), anchor_input_ids.view(-1))

        anchor_focal_loss = self.focal_loss(anchor_x_pred, anchor_labels, self.class_weights)
        positive_focal_loss = self.focal_loss(positive_x_pred, positive_labels, self.class_weights)

        semi_hard_negative_ce_loss = F.binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(input=negative_x_pred, target=negative_labels)

        focal_loss = (anchor_focal_loss + positive_focal_loss) / 2

        anchor_f1_loss = self.f1_loss(anchor_x_pred, anchor_labels)
        positive_f1_loss = self.f1_loss(positive_x_pred, positive_labels)
        semi_hard_f1_loss = self.f1_loss(negative_x_pred, negative_labels)

        semi_hard_triplet_loss  = self.contrastive_loss(anchor_x_combined, positive_x_combined, negative_x_combined)

        if self.current_epoch > self.corruption_epoch_threshold:
            hard_negative_input_ids, hard_negative_attention_masks = batch['hard_negative_input_ids'], batch['hard_negative_attention_mask']
            hard_negative_labels = batch['hard_negative_labels']
            if self.current_epoch < 15:
                epoch_ratio = min(1.0, (self.current_epoch - self.corruption_epoch_threshold) / (self.hparams.epochs - self.corruption_epoch_threshold))
                hard_weight = epoch_ratio
                semi_hard_weight = 1 - hard_weight
            else:
                semi_hard_weight = 0.0
                hard_weight = 1.0
            hard_negative_x_pred, _, hard_negative_x_combined, _ = self.forward(hard_negative_input_ids, hard_negative_attention_masks)
            hard_negative_ce_loss = F.binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(input=hard_negative_x_pred, target=hard_negative_labels)
            hard_triplet_loss = self.contrastive_loss(anchor_x_combined, positive_x_combined, hard_negative_x_combined)
            hard_f1_loss = self.f1_loss(hard_negative_x_pred, hard_negative_labels)
            negative_ce_loss = semi_hard_weight * semi_hard_negative_ce_loss + hard_weight * hard_negative_ce_loss
            triplet_loss = semi_hard_weight * semi_hard_triplet_loss + hard_weight * hard_triplet_loss
            f1_loss = anchor_f1_loss + positive_f1_loss + semi_hard_weight * semi_hard_triplet_loss + hard_weight * hard_f1_loss
        else:
            negative_ce_loss = semi_hard_negative_ce_loss
            triplet_loss = semi_hard_triplet_loss
            f1_loss = anchor_f1_loss + positive_f1_loss + semi_hard_f1_loss

        loss = focal_loss * 2 + negative_ce_loss + f1_loss + triplet_loss * 2 + reconstruction_loss

        self.training_step_outputs.append(anchor_x_pred)
        self.training_step_outputs.append(positive_x_pred)
        self.training_step_outputs.append(negative_x_pred)
        self.training_step_true_labels.append(anchor_labels)
        self.training_step_true_labels.append(positive_labels)
        self.training_step_true_labels.append(negative_labels)
        macro_f1_val = macro_f1(anchor_labels, torch.sigmoid(anchor_x_pred), self.classification_thresholds)
        self.log('train_macro_f1', macro_f1_val, on_step=True, on_epoch=True, prog_bar=True, logger=True, sync_dist=True)
        gc.collect()
        torch.cuda.empty_cache()
        gc.collect()
        torch.cuda.empty_cache()
        self.log('train_loss', loss, on_step=True, on_epoch=True, prog_bar=True, logger=True, sync_dist=True)
        return loss

    def on_train_epoch_end(self):
        epoch_outputs = torch.cat(self.training_step_outputs, dim=0)
        epoch_true_labels = torch.cat(self.training_step_true_labels, dim=0)
        epoch_outputs = torch.sigmoid(epoch_outputs)
        self.update_class_thresholds(epoch_outputs, epoch_true_labels)
        threshold_dict = {f"threshold_{i}": self.classification_thresholds[i].item() for i in range(15)}
        self.log_dict(threshold_dict, on_epoch=True)
        self.training_step_outputs.clear()
        self.training_step_true_labels.clear()
        gc.collect()
        torch.cuda.empty_cache()

    def validation_step(self, batch, batch_idx):
        anchor_input_ids, anchor_attention_masks = batch['anchor_input_ids'], batch['anchor_attention_mask']
        positive_input_ids, positive_attention_masks = batch['positive_input_ids'], batch['positive_attention_mask']
        negative_input_ids, negative_attention_masks = batch['negative_input_ids'], batch['negative_attention_mask']
        anchor_labels = batch['anchor_labels']
        positive_labels = batch['positive_labels']
        negative_labels = batch['negative_labels']

        anchor_x_pred, _, anchor_x_combined, mlm_logits = self.forward(anchor_input_ids, anchor_attention_masks)
        positive_x_pred, _, positive_x_combined, _ = self.forward(positive_input_ids, positive_attention_masks)
        negative_x_pred, _, negative_x_combined, _ = self.forward(negative_input_ids, negative_attention_masks)

        reconstruction_loss = self.reconstruction_loss(mlm_logits.view(-1, mlm_logits.size(-1)), anchor_input_ids.view(-1))
        anchor_focal_loss = self.focal_loss(anchor_x_pred, anchor_labels , self.class_weights)
        positive_focal_loss = self.focal_loss(positive_x_pred, positive_labels, self.class_weights)

        negative_ce_loss = F.binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(input=negative_x_pred, target=negative_labels)

        focal_loss = (anchor_focal_loss + positive_focal_loss) / 2

        f1_loss = self.f1_loss(anchor_x_pred, anchor_labels)

        triplet_loss = self.contrastive_loss(anchor_x_combined, positive_x_combined, negative_x_combined)

        loss = focal_loss * 2 + negative_ce_loss + f1_loss + triplet_loss * 2 + reconstruction_loss

        macro_f1_val = macro_f1(anchor_labels, torch.sigmoid(anchor_x_pred), self.classification_thresholds)
        self.log('val_macro_f1', macro_f1_val, on_step=True, on_epoch=True, prog_bar=True, logger=True, sync_dist=True)
        gc.collect()
        torch.cuda.empty_cache()
        self.log('val_loss', loss, on_step=True, on_epoch=True, prog_bar=True, logger=True, sync_dist=True)


    def test_step(self, batch, batch_idx):
        input_ids, labels, attention_masks = batch['input_ids'], batch['labels'], batch['attention_masks']
        x_pred, _, _ = self.forward_test(input_ids, attention_masks)
        predictions = torch.sigmoid(x_pred)
        self.testing_step_predictions.append(predictions)
        self.testing_step_labels.append(labels)

    def on_test_epoch_end(self,):
        predictions = torch.cat(self.testing_step_predictions, dim=0)
        labels = torch.cat(self.testing_step_labels, dim=0)

        predictions_binary = (predictions >= self.classification_thresholds).float().cpu().numpy()
        labels_binary = labels.cpu().numpy()

        f1 = f1_score(labels_binary, predictions_binary, average='macro')
        roc_auc = roc_auc_score(labels_binary, predictions.cpu().to(torch.float32).numpy(), average='micro')
        accuracy = accuracy_score(labels_binary.flatten(), predictions_binary.flatten())
        mcc = matthews_corrcoef(labels_binary.flatten(), predictions_binary.flatten())
        precision = precision_score(labels_binary, predictions_binary, average='macro')
        recall = recall_score(labels_binary, predictions_binary, average='macro')

        results = {
            'test_F1_macro': f1,
            'test_AUCROC': roc_auc,
            'test_Accuracy': accuracy,
            'test_MCC': mcc,
            'test_Precision': precision,
            'test_Recall': recall,
        }
        self.log_dict(results)
        self.testing_step_predictions.clear()
        self.testing_step_labels.clear()
        gc.collect()
        torch.cuda.empty_cache()


    def configure_optimizers(self):
        optimizer = AdamW(self.parameters(), lr=self.hparams.lr, betas=(0.9, 0.95), weight_decay=1e-5)
        schedulers = CosineAnnealingWithWarmup(optimizer, warmup_steps=100, eta_ratio=0.1, total_steps=9000)
        lr_schedulers = {
                "scheduler": schedulers,
                "name": 'learning_rate_logs',
                "interval": 'step',
                'frequency': 1
        }
        return [optimizer], [lr_schedulers]


    def update_class_thresholds(self, inputs, targets):
        with torch.no_grad():
            min_threshold_value = 0.001
            thresholds = torch.linspace(0.0, 1.0, steps=1000, device=inputs.device)
            num_classes = targets.size(1)

            best_f1_scores = torch.zeros(num_classes, device=inputs.device)
            best_thresholds = torch.full((num_classes,), min_threshold_value, device=inputs.device)

            for threshold in thresholds:
                binary_predictions = (inputs >= threshold).float()

                tp = (binary_predictions * targets).sum(dim=0)
                fp = (binary_predictions * (1 - targets)).sum(dim=0)
                fn = ((1 - binary_predictions) * targets).sum(dim=0)

                precision = tp / (tp + fp + 1e-7)
                recall = tp / (tp + fn + 1e-7)
                f1_scores = 2 * precision * recall / (precision + recall + 1e-7)

                is_better = f1_scores > best_f1_scores
                best_f1_scores = torch.where(is_better, f1_scores, best_f1_scores)
                best_thresholds = torch.where(is_better, threshold.expand_as(best_f1_scores), best_thresholds)

            updated_thresholds  = self.historical_memory * self.classification_thresholds.data + (1 - self.historical_memory) * best_thresholds

            self.classification_thresholds = nn.Parameter(torch.clamp(updated_thresholds, min=min_threshold_value))
            gc.collect()
            torch.cuda.empty_cache()


class ResidueEncoder(MultitaskProteinModel):
    """Return per-residue clf_ln outputs for diffusion training."""
    def forward(self, input_ids, attention_masks=None):
        captured = []
        hook = self.clf_ln.register_forward_hook(lambda module, inputs, output: captured.append(output))
        try:
            logits, attention, pooled, mlm_logits = super().forward(input_ids, attention_masks)
        finally:
            hook.remove()
        return logits, attention, captured[0], mlm_logits