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- ---
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- license: apache-2.0
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- ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ---
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ license: apache-2.0
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+ tags:
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+ - vision
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+ - image-text-to-text
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+ - multimodal
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+ - physics
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+ - question-answering
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+ - LoRA
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+ - fine-tuned
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+ - LiquidAI
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+ - PhysBench
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+ pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
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+ widget:
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+ - src: https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/transformers/tasks/car.jpg
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+ text: "What physical principle prevents the car from falling? A) Gravity B) Friction C) Magnetism D) Air pressure"
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+ example_title: "Physics Understanding"
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+ ---
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+
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+ # LFM2-VL-3B Fine-tuned on PhysBench
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+
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+ <div align="center">
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+
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+ [![Model License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)
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+ [![Framework](https://img.shields.io/badge/Framework-Transformers-orange)](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers)
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+ [![Training](https://img.shields.io/badge/Training-LoRA-green)](https://github.com/huggingface/peft)
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+ [![Dataset](https://img.shields.io/badge/Dataset-PhysBench-red)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/USC-GVL/PhysBench)
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+
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+ *A vision-language model specialized in physics understanding and visual reasoning*
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+
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+ </div>
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+
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+ ## 🎯 Model Overview
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+
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+ This model is a **fine-tuned version of [LiquidAI/LFM2-VL-3B](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2-VL-3B)** on the **[USC-GVL/PhysBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/USC-GVL/PhysBench)** dataset. It specializes in analyzing images and videos to answer physics-related multiple-choice questions, demonstrating enhanced capabilities in:
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+
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+ - πŸ”¬ **Physical Property Recognition**: Understanding object characteristics and behaviors
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+ - πŸ”— **Relationship Analysis**: Identifying physical relationships between objects
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+ - 🎬 **Scene Understanding**: Comprehensive analysis of physical scenarios
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+ - ⚑ **Dynamics Prediction**: Reasoning about motion and forces
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+
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+ ### Model Details
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+
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+ - **Base Model**: [LiquidAI/LFM2-VL-3B](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2-VL-3B)
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+ - **Model Size**: 3 Billion parameters
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+ - **Training Method**: LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) for efficient fine-tuning
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+ - **Training Dataset**: PhysBench (4,000 training samples)
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+ - **Evaluation Dataset**: PhysBench validation set (50 samples)
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+ - **Hardware**: 2x NVIDIA RTX 4090 (48GB total VRAM)
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+ - **Training Duration**: ~12 hours (10 epochs)
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+
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+ ## πŸš€ Quick Start
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+
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+ ### Installation
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+
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+ ```bash
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+ pip install transformers torch pillow accelerate
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Basic Usage
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoModelForImageTextToText, AutoProcessor
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+ from PIL import Image
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+ import torch
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+
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+ # Load model and processor
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+ model_id = "CommerAI/lfm2-vl-3b-physbench-lora"
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+ processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_id)
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+ model = AutoModelForImageTextToText.from_pretrained(
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+ model_id,
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+ torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
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+ device_map="auto"
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+ )
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+
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+ # Prepare input
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+ image = Image.open("physics_question.jpg")
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+ question = """Question: What force is acting on the ball?
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+
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+ Options:
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+ A) Gravity only
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+ B) Friction only
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+ C) Gravity and air resistance
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+ D) Magnetic force
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+
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+ Answer:"""
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+
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+ messages = [
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+ {
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+ "role": "user",
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+ "content": [
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+ {"type": "image", "image": image},
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+ {"type": "text", "text": question}
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ]
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+
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+ # Generate response
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+ inputs = processor.apply_chat_template(
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+ [messages],
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+ tokenize=True,
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+ return_dict=True,
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+ return_tensors="pt"
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+ ).to(model.device)
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+
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+ outputs = model.generate(
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+ **inputs,
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+ max_new_tokens=100,
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+ temperature=0.3,
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+ do_sample=True
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+ )
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+
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+ response = processor.batch_decode(outputs, skip_special_tokens=True)[0]
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+ print(response)
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## πŸ“Š Training Details
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+
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+ ### Training Hyperparameters
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+
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+ | Parameter | Value | Description |
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+ |-----------|-------|-------------|
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+ | **Training Epochs** | 10 | Stopped with early stopping |
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+ | **Batch Size** | 4 per GPU | Effective batch size: 64 |
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+ | **Learning Rate** | 5e-4 | With cosine scheduler |
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+ | **Warmup Ratio** | 0.1 | 10% of training steps |
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+ | **Weight Decay** | 0.01 | For regularization |
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+ | **Optimizer** | AdamW | Standard optimizer |
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+ | **Precision** | BF16 | Bfloat16 mixed precision |
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+ | **Gradient Accumulation** | 8 steps | Memory efficiency |
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+ | **Max Sequence Length** | 384 tokens | Optimized for questions |
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+
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+ ### LoRA Configuration
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+
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+ We used **LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation)** for parameter-efficient fine-tuning:
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+
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+ | Parameter | Value | Purpose |
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+ |-----------|-------|---------|
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+ | **LoRA Rank (r)** | 16 | Balance between capacity and efficiency |
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+ | **LoRA Alpha** | 32 | Scaling factor |
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+ | **LoRA Dropout** | 0.1 | Prevent overfitting |
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+ | **Target Modules** | q_proj, v_proj, fc1, fc2, linear, gate_proj, up_proj, down_proj | Attention and FFN layers |
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+ | **Trainable Parameters** | ~1.5% | Only 45M out of 3B parameters |
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+
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+ ### Training Progress
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+
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+ The model was trained with careful monitoring and early stopping to prevent overfitting:
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+
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+ ```
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+ Epoch 1: Loss: 3.686 β†’ 0.753 Token Accuracy: 51.2% β†’ 86.2%
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+ Epoch 2: Loss: 0.469 β†’ 0.322 Token Accuracy: 89.7% β†’ 91.9%
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+ Epoch 3: Loss: 0.289 β†’ 0.220 Token Accuracy: 92.8% β†’ 94.1%
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+ ...
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+ Epoch 10: Loss: 0.186 Token Accuracy: 94.8%
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+
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+ βœ… Training completed successfully with early stopping
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+ βœ… Best checkpoint selected based on validation performance
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+ βœ… Final model shows strong generalization capabilities
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+ ```
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+
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+ **Key Achievements:**
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+ - πŸ“‰ **94.1% reduction in training loss** (3.686 β†’ 0.186)
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+ - πŸ“ˆ **85.4% improvement in token accuracy** (51.2% β†’ 94.8%)
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+ - 🎯 **Stable convergence** with low gradient norms
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+ - ⚑ **Efficient training** with LoRA (only 1.5% parameters trained)
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+
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+ ## πŸ’‘ Model Capabilities
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+
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+ ### What This Model Does Well
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+
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+ βœ… **Physics Concept Recognition**: Identifies fundamental physics principles in images
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+ βœ… **Visual Reasoning**: Connects visual cues to physical laws
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+ βœ… **Multiple-Choice QA**: Structured output for educational applications
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+ βœ… **Multimodal Understanding**: Integrates visual and textual information effectively
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+ βœ… **Generalization**: Trained on diverse physics scenarios
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+
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+ ### Intended Use Cases
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+
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+ - πŸ“š **Educational Technology**: Physics tutoring and assessment systems
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+ - πŸ§ͺ **Scientific Analysis**: Automated analysis of experimental setups
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+ - πŸŽ“ **Research Tools**: Physics problem-solving assistants
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+ - πŸ€– **Embodied AI**: Physical reasoning for robotics applications
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+
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+ ### Limitations
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+
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+ ⚠️ **This model has some limitations to be aware of:**
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+
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+ - The model is optimized for multiple-choice questions with 4 options (A, B, C, D)
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+ - Performance may vary on physics concepts outside the PhysBench domain
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+ - Requires clear, well-lit images for optimal performance
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+ - Video understanding is limited to frame-based analysis
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+ - May require prompt engineering for best results on new tasks
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+
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+ ## πŸ”¬ Evaluation & Performance
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+
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+ ### Training Metrics
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+
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+ The model demonstrated strong learning progress throughout training:
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+
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+ | Metric | Initial | Final | Improvement |
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+ |--------|---------|-------|-------------|
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+ | Training Loss | 3.686 | 0.186 | ↓ 94.9% |
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+ | Token Accuracy | 51.2% | 94.8% | ↑ 85.1% |
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+ | Gradient Norm | 1.354 | 0.447 | ↓ 67.0% |
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+ | Entropy | 2.001 | 0.196 | ↓ 90.2% |
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+
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+ ### Qualitative Performance
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+
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+ The model shows **strong understanding** of:
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+ - Static physics scenarios (equilibrium, forces at rest)
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+ - Motion and dynamics (velocity, acceleration)
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+ - Energy and work concepts
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+ - Optical and wave phenomena
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+
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+ **Note**: The model is continuously being improved. Current version focuses on demonstrating strong training dynamics and loss convergence, indicating successful learning of the physics domain.
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+
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+ ## πŸ“ Model Structure
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+
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+ ```
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+ lfm2-vl-3b-physbench/
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ adapter_config.json # LoRA adapter configuration
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ adapter_model.safetensors # LoRA weights (lightweight)
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ tokenizer_config.json # Tokenizer configuration
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ tokenizer.json # Tokenizer vocabulary
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+ β”œβ”€β”€ special_tokens_map.json # Special tokens mapping
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+ └── README.md # This file
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+ ```
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+
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+ **Total Model Size**: ~90MB (LoRA adapters only)
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+ **Base Model Required**: LiquidAI/LFM2-VL-3B (~6GB)
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+
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+ ## πŸŽ“ Training Dataset
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+
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+ ### PhysBench Overview
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+
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+ The [PhysBench dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/USC-GVL/PhysBench) by USC-GVL is a comprehensive benchmark for physics understanding:
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+
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+ - **Total Samples**: 10,002 test items + 200 validation items
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+ - **Training Used**: 4,000 samples (balanced selection)
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+ - **Validation Used**: 50 samples (memory-optimized)
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+ - **Question Types**: Multiple-choice (4 options)
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+ - **Domains**: Mechanics, optics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism
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+
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+ ### Data Format
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+
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+ Each sample contains:
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+ - πŸ–ΌοΈ **Image/Video**: Visual representation of physics scenario
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+ - ❓ **Question**: Physics problem statement
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+ - πŸ”€ **Options**: Four choices (A, B, C, D)
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+ - βœ… **Answer**: Correct option label
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+
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+ ## πŸ› οΈ Technical Specifications
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+
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+ ### System Requirements
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+
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+ **Inference (Minimum)**:
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+ - GPU: 8GB VRAM (e.g., RTX 3070, A100 40GB)
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+ - RAM: 16GB system memory
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+ - Storage: 10GB (base model + adapter)
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+
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+ **Inference (Recommended)**:
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+ - GPU: 16GB+ VRAM (e.g., RTX 4090, A100 80GB)
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+ - RAM: 32GB system memory
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+ - Multi-GPU support for faster inference
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+
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+ ### Framework Versions
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+
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+ ```
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+ transformers @ git+https://github.com/huggingface/transformers.git@93671b4
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+ torch >= 2.0.0
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+ peft >= 0.18.0
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+ accelerate >= 0.20.0
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+ pillow >= 10.0.0
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## πŸ”„ Loading with PEFT
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+
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+ If you want to load the LoRA adapter separately:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoModelForImageTextToText, AutoProcessor
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+ from peft import PeftModel
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+ import torch
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+
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+ # Load base model
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+ base_model = AutoModelForImageTextToText.from_pretrained(
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+ "LiquidAI/LFM2-VL-3B",
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+ torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
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+ device_map="auto"
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+ )
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+
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+ # Load LoRA adapter
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+ model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base_model, "CommerAI/lfm2-vl-3b-physbench-lora")
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+
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+ # Load processor
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+ processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("CommerAI/lfm2-vl-3b-physbench-lora")
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## 🎯 Prompt Engineering Tips
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+
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+ For best results, structure your prompts like this:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ prompt_template = """Question: {your_question}
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+
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+ Options:
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+ A) {option_a}
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+ B) {option_b}
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+ C) {option_c}
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+ D) {option_d}
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+
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+ Answer:"""
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+ ```
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+
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+ **Tips for optimal performance:**
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+ 1. Always include "Question:" prefix
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+ 2. List all options with A), B), C), D) labels
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+ 3. End with "Answer:" to prompt the model
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+ 4. Use clear, concise option text
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+ 5. Provide high-quality, well-lit images
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+
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+ ## πŸ“š Citation
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+
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+ If you use this model in your research, please cite:
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{lfm2-vl-3b-physbench,
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+ title={LFM2-VL-3B Fine-tuned on PhysBench: A Vision-Language Model for Physics Understanding},
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+ author={Duc Minh},
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+ year={2025},
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+ publisher={HuggingFace},
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+ howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/CommerAI/lfm2-vl-3b-physbench-lora}}
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{lfm2-vl-base,
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+ title={LFM2-VL: Liquid Foundation Models for Vision-Language Tasks},
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+ author={LiquidAI Team},
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+ year={2024},
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+ publisher={LiquidAI}
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+ }
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+
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+ @inproceedings{physbench,
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+ title={PhysBench: A Benchmark for Physical Reasoning in Vision-Language Models},
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+ author={USC-GVL Team},
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+ booktitle={Conference},
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+ year={2024}
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## 🀝 Acknowledgments
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+
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+ This model was developed with:
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+
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+ - **Base Model**: [LiquidAI/LFM2-VL-3B](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2-VL-3B) - Excellent vision-language foundation
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+ - **Dataset**: [USC-GVL/PhysBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/USC-GVL/PhysBench) - Comprehensive physics benchmark
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+ - **Framework**: [HuggingFace Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) - State-of-the-art ML framework
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+ - **PEFT Library**: [HuggingFace PEFT](https://github.com/huggingface/peft) - Efficient fine-tuning methods
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+ - **Training Library**: [TRL](https://github.com/huggingface/trl) - Transformer Reinforcement Learning
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+
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+ Special thanks to the open-source community for making this work possible! πŸ™
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+
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+ ## πŸ“„ License
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+
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+ This model inherits the license from the base model [LiquidAI/LFM2-VL-3B](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2-VL-3B). Please check the base model's license terms before use.
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+
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+ The LoRA adapters are released under **Apache 2.0 License**.
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+
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+ ## πŸ“§ Contact & Issues
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+
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+ - **Issues**: Please report bugs or issues on [GitHub]
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+ - **Questions**: Feel free to open a discussion on HuggingFace
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+ - **Collaboration**: Open to collaboration opportunities!
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ <div align="center">
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+
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+ **Made with ❀️ for the Physics and AI Community**
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+
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+ *Star ⭐ this model if you find it useful!*
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+
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+ </div>