Chordia / src /utils /trainer.py
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"""
训练器模块
Trainer module for PAD Predictor training
该模块实现了一个完整的训练器类,包含:
- 训练循环和验证循环
- 早停机制和学习率调度
- 检查点保存和恢复
- 混合精度训练支持
- 多GPU训练支持
- 梯度裁剪和正则化
"""
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.cuda.amp import GradScaler, autocast
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import _LRScheduler
import numpy as np
from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Optional, Any, Union
import os
import json
import time
from pathlib import Path
import logging
from collections import defaultdict
import copy
from ..models.metrics import PADMetrics
from ..models.loss_functions import MultiTaskLoss
class EarlyStopping:
"""早停机制类"""
def __init__(self,
patience: int = 20,
min_delta: float = 1e-4,
mode: str = 'min',
restore_best_weights: bool = True):
"""
初始化早停机制
Args:
patience: 容忍轮次
min_delta: 最小改善阈值
mode: 监控模式 ('min' 或 'max')
restore_best_weights: 是否恢复最佳权重
"""
self.patience = patience
self.min_delta = min_delta
self.mode = mode
self.restore_best_weights = restore_best_weights
self.best_score = None
self.counter = 0
self.best_weights = None
self.early_stop = False
if mode == 'min':
self.monitor_op = np.less
self.min_delta *= -1
else:
self.monitor_op = np.greater
def __call__(self, score: float, model: nn.Module) -> bool:
"""
检查是否应该早停
Args:
score: 当前监控分数
model: 模型
Returns:
是否应该早停
"""
if self.best_score is None:
self.best_score = score
self.save_checkpoint(model)
elif self.monitor_op(score, self.best_score + self.min_delta):
self.best_score = score
self.counter = 0
self.save_checkpoint(model)
else:
self.counter += 1
if self.counter >= self.patience:
self.early_stop = True
if self.restore_best_weights and self.best_weights is not None:
model.load_state_dict(self.best_weights)
return True
return False
def save_checkpoint(self, model: nn.Module):
"""保存检查点"""
if self.restore_best_weights:
self.best_weights = copy.deepcopy(model.state_dict())
class Trainer:
"""
PAD预测器训练器类
功能特性:
- 支持AdamW优化器(结合L2正则化)
- 支持Cosine Decay学习率调度
- 支持混合精度训练
- 支持多GPU训练(DataParallel)
- 支持早停机制
- 支持检查点保存和恢复
- 支持梯度裁剪
"""
def __init__(self,
model: nn.Module,
config: Dict[str, Any],
device: Optional[Union[str, torch.device]] = None,
logger: Optional[logging.Logger] = None,
diagnostic_mode: bool = False):
"""
初始化训练器
Args:
model: 要训练的模型
config: 训练配置
device: 训练设备
logger: 日志记录器
diagnostic_mode: 诊断模式(打印每个维度的详细指标)
"""
self.model = model
self.config = config
self.logger = logger or logging.getLogger(__name__)
self.diagnostic_mode = diagnostic_mode
# 设备配置
self.device = self._setup_device(device)
self.model.to(self.device)
# 多GPU支持
self._setup_multi_gpu()
# 训练组件
self.optimizer = self._setup_optimizer()
self.scheduler = self._setup_scheduler()
self.loss_fn = self._setup_loss_function()
self.metrics = PADMetrics()
# 训练状态
self.current_epoch = 0
self.best_score = None
self.train_history = defaultdict(list)
self.val_history = defaultdict(list)
# 早停机制
self.early_stopping = self._setup_early_stopping()
# 混合精度训练
self.mixed_precision = config.get('hardware', {}).get('mixed_precision', {}).get('enabled', False)
self.scaler = GradScaler() if self.mixed_precision else None
# 梯度裁剪
self.grad_clip_val = config.get('debug', {}).get('gradient_checking', {}).get('clip_value', 1.0)
self.logger.info("训练器初始化完成")
self._log_model_info()
def _setup_device(self, device: Optional[Union[str, torch.device]]) -> torch.device:
"""设置训练设备"""
if device is None:
device_config = self.config.get('hardware', {}).get('device', 'auto')
if device_config == 'auto':
if torch.cuda.is_available():
device = torch.device('cuda')
self.logger.info(f"使用GPU训练: {torch.cuda.get_device_name()}")
else:
device = torch.device('cpu')
self.logger.info("使用CPU训练")
else:
device = torch.device(device_config)
else:
device = torch.device(device)
return device
def _setup_multi_gpu(self):
"""设置多GPU训练"""
if torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
self.model = nn.DataParallel(self.model)
self.logger.info(f"使用多GPU训练: {torch.cuda.device_count()} 个GPU")
def _setup_optimizer(self) -> optim.Optimizer:
"""设置优化器"""
optimizer_config = self.config.get('training', {}).get('optimizer', {})
optimizer_type = optimizer_config.get('type', 'AdamW')
learning_rate = optimizer_config.get('learning_rate', 1e-3)
weight_decay = optimizer_config.get('weight_decay', 1e-4)
betas = optimizer_config.get('betas', [0.9, 0.999])
eps = optimizer_config.get('eps', 1e-8)
if optimizer_type == 'AdamW':
optimizer = optim.AdamW(
self.model.parameters(),
lr=learning_rate,
weight_decay=weight_decay,
betas=betas,
eps=eps
)
elif optimizer_type == 'Adam':
optimizer = optim.Adam(
self.model.parameters(),
lr=learning_rate,
weight_decay=weight_decay,
betas=betas,
eps=eps
)
elif optimizer_type == 'SGD':
momentum = optimizer_config.get('momentum', 0.9)
optimizer = optim.SGD(
self.model.parameters(),
lr=learning_rate,
momentum=momentum,
weight_decay=weight_decay
)
else:
raise ValueError(f"不支持的优化器类型: {optimizer_type}")
self.logger.info(f"优化器: {optimizer_type}, 学习率: {learning_rate}, 权重衰减: {weight_decay}")
return optimizer
def _setup_scheduler(self) -> Optional[_LRScheduler]:
"""设置学习率调度器"""
scheduler_config = self.config.get('training', {}).get('scheduler', {})
if not scheduler_config.get('type'):
return None
scheduler_type = scheduler_config.get('type')
if scheduler_type == 'CosineAnnealingLR':
T_max = scheduler_config.get('T_max', 100)
eta_min = scheduler_config.get('eta_min', 1e-6)
scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingLR(
self.optimizer, T_max=T_max, eta_min=eta_min
)
elif scheduler_type == 'ReduceLROnPlateau':
mode = scheduler_config.get('mode', 'min')
factor = scheduler_config.get('factor', 0.5)
patience = scheduler_config.get('patience', 10)
min_lr = scheduler_config.get('min_lr', 1e-6)
scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau(
self.optimizer, mode=mode, factor=factor,
patience=patience, min_lr=min_lr, verbose=True
)
elif scheduler_type == 'StepLR':
step_size = scheduler_config.get('step_size', 30)
gamma = scheduler_config.get('gamma', 0.1)
scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(
self.optimizer, step_size=step_size, gamma=gamma
)
else:
raise ValueError(f"不支持的调度器类型: {scheduler_type}")
self.logger.info(f"学习率调度器: {scheduler_type}")
return scheduler
def _setup_loss_function(self) -> nn.Module:
"""设置损失函数"""
loss_config = self.config.get('training', {}).get('loss', {})
loss_type = loss_config.get('type', 'MSELoss')
if loss_type == 'MultiTaskLoss':
# 多任务损失权重(针对每个PAD维度的精细化控制)
weights_config = loss_config.get('multi_task_weights', {})
# 支持两种配置格式:
# 1. 拆分格式:delta_pad_p, delta_pad_a, delta_pad_d
# 2. 统一格式:delta_pad(应用到所有维度)
if 'delta_pad_p' in weights_config:
# 拆分格式:每个维度独立权重
task_weights = [
weights_config.get('delta_pad_p', 1.0), # P维度
weights_config.get('delta_pad_a', 1.0), # A维度
weights_config.get('delta_pad_d', 1.0) # D维度
]
else:
# 统一格式:所有维度使用相同权重
delta_pad_weight = weights_config.get('delta_pad', 1.0)
task_weights = [delta_pad_weight] * 3
return MultiTaskLoss(num_tasks=3, task_weights=task_weights)
elif loss_type == 'MSELoss':
return nn.MSELoss(reduction='mean')
elif loss_type == 'L1Loss':
return nn.L1Loss(reduction='mean')
elif loss_type == 'SmoothL1Loss':
return nn.SmoothL1Loss(reduction='mean')
elif loss_type == 'HuberLoss':
# HuberLoss 支持自定义 delta 参数
return nn.HuberLoss(reduction='mean', delta=0.05)
else:
raise ValueError(f"不支持的损失函数类型: {loss_type}")
def _setup_early_stopping(self) -> Optional[EarlyStopping]:
"""设置早停机制"""
early_stopping_config = self.config.get('training', {}).get('epochs', {}).get('early_stopping', {})
if not early_stopping_config.get('enabled', False):
return None
return EarlyStopping(
patience=early_stopping_config.get('patience', 20),
min_delta=early_stopping_config.get('min_delta', 1e-4),
mode=early_stopping_config.get('mode', 'min'),
restore_best_weights=True
)
def _log_model_info(self):
"""记录模型信息"""
total_params = sum(p.numel() for p in self.model.parameters())
trainable_params = sum(p.numel() for p in self.model.parameters() if p.requires_grad)
self.logger.info(f"模型参数总数: {total_params:,}")
self.logger.info(f"可训练参数: {trainable_params:,}")
self.logger.info(f"训练设备: {self.device}")
def train_epoch(self, train_loader: DataLoader) -> Dict[str, float]:
"""
训练一个epoch
Args:
train_loader: 训练数据加载器
Returns:
训练指标字典
"""
self.model.train()
epoch_losses = []
epoch_metrics = defaultdict(list)
for batch_idx, (features, targets) in enumerate(train_loader):
# 只在需要时移动数据到目标设备
if features.device != self.device:
features = features.to(self.device)
if targets.device != self.device:
targets = targets.to(self.device)
self.optimizer.zero_grad()
# 前向传播
if self.mixed_precision:
with autocast():
predictions = self.model(features)
loss = self.loss_fn(predictions, targets)
else:
predictions = self.model(features)
loss = self.loss_fn(predictions, targets)
# 反向传播
if self.mixed_precision:
self.scaler.scale(loss).backward()
# 梯度裁剪
if self.grad_clip_val > 0:
self.scaler.unscale_(self.optimizer)
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(self.model.parameters(), self.grad_clip_val)
self.scaler.step(self.optimizer)
self.scaler.update()
else:
loss.backward()
# 梯度裁剪
if self.grad_clip_val > 0:
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(self.model.parameters(), self.grad_clip_val)
self.optimizer.step()
# 记录损失
epoch_losses.append(loss.item())
# 计算指标
with torch.no_grad():
batch_metrics = self.metrics.evaluate_predictions(predictions, targets)
for key, value in batch_metrics.items():
if isinstance(value, dict):
for sub_key, sub_value in value.items():
if isinstance(sub_value, (int, float)):
epoch_metrics[f"{key}_{sub_key}"].append(sub_value)
elif isinstance(value, (int, float)):
epoch_metrics[key].append(value)
# 计算epoch平均指标
epoch_results = {
'loss': np.mean(epoch_losses),
'lr': self.optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr']
}
for key, values in epoch_metrics.items():
epoch_results[key] = np.mean(values)
return epoch_results
def validate_epoch(self, val_loader: DataLoader) -> Dict[str, float]:
"""
验证一个epoch
Args:
val_loader: 验证数据加载器
Returns:
验证指标字典
"""
self.model.eval()
epoch_losses = []
all_predictions = []
all_targets = []
with torch.no_grad():
for features, targets in val_loader:
# 只在需要时移动数据到目标设备
if features.device != self.device:
features = features.to(self.device)
if targets.device != self.device:
targets = targets.to(self.device)
# 前向传播
if self.mixed_precision:
with autocast():
predictions = self.model(features)
loss = self.loss_fn(predictions, targets)
else:
predictions = self.model(features)
loss = self.loss_fn(predictions, targets)
epoch_losses.append(loss.item())
all_predictions.append(predictions.cpu())
all_targets.append(targets.cpu())
# 合并所有预测和目标
all_predictions = torch.cat(all_predictions, dim=0)
all_targets = torch.cat(all_targets, dim=0)
# 计算详细指标
if self.diagnostic_mode:
# 诊断模式:打印每个维度的详细指标
detailed_metrics = self.metrics.evaluate_predictions_diagnostic(
all_predictions, all_targets,
component_names=['ΔPAD_P', 'ΔPAD_A', 'ΔPAD_D'] # 3维输出(移除Confidence和DeltaPressure)
)
else:
# 标准模式:只计算指标不打印
detailed_metrics = self.metrics.evaluate_predictions(all_predictions, all_targets)
# 构建结果字典
epoch_results = {
'val_loss': np.mean(epoch_losses)
}
# 添加回归指标
regression_metrics = detailed_metrics.get('regression', {})
for key, value in regression_metrics.items():
if isinstance(value, dict):
for sub_key, sub_value in value.items():
if isinstance(sub_value, (int, float)):
epoch_results[f"val_{key}_{sub_key}"] = sub_value
elif isinstance(value, (int, float)):
epoch_results[f"val_{key}"] = value
# 添加简化的顶层指标(方便 early_stopping 使用)
if 'overall' in regression_metrics:
overall = regression_metrics['overall']
epoch_results['val_mae'] = overall.get('mae', 0)
epoch_results['val_rmse'] = overall.get('rmse', 0)
epoch_results['val_r2_mean'] = overall.get('r2', 0)
epoch_results['val_r2_robust'] = overall.get('r2_robust', 0)
epoch_results['val_mape'] = overall.get('mape', 0)
# 添加校准指标
calibration_metrics = detailed_metrics.get('calibration', {})
for key, value in calibration_metrics.items():
if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
epoch_results[f"val_{key}"] = value
# 添加PAD特定指标
pad_metrics = detailed_metrics.get('pad_specific', {})
for key, value in pad_metrics.items():
if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
epoch_results[f"val_{key}"] = value
return epoch_results
def train(self,
train_loader: DataLoader,
val_loader: Optional[DataLoader] = None,
save_dir: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict[str, List[float]]:
"""
完整训练流程
Args:
train_loader: 训练数据加载器
val_loader: 验证数据加载器
save_dir: 保存目录
Returns:
训练历史记录
"""
self.logger.info("开始训练...")
max_epochs = self.config.get('training', {}).get('epochs', {}).get('max_epochs', 200)
val_frequency = self.config.get('validation', {}).get('val_frequency', 1)
# 创建保存目录
if save_dir:
os.makedirs(save_dir, exist_ok=True)
start_time = time.time()
for epoch in range(max_epochs):
self.current_epoch = epoch
# 训练阶段
train_metrics = self.train_epoch(train_loader)
# 记录训练指标
for key, value in train_metrics.items():
self.train_history[key].append(value)
# 验证阶段
if val_loader is not None and epoch % val_frequency == 0:
val_metrics = self.validate_epoch(val_loader)
# 记录验证指标
for key, value in val_metrics.items():
self.val_history[key].append(value)
# 学习率调度
if self.scheduler is not None:
if isinstance(self.scheduler, optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau):
self.scheduler.step(val_metrics['val_loss'])
else:
self.scheduler.step()
# 早停检查
if self.early_stopping is not None:
monitor_metric = self.config.get('training', {}).get('epochs', {}).get('early_stopping', {}).get('monitor', 'val_loss')
if self.early_stopping(val_metrics[monitor_metric], self.model):
self.logger.info(f"早停触发,在第 {epoch + 1} 轮停止训练")
break
# 保存最佳模型
if save_dir and self._is_best_model(val_metrics):
self._save_checkpoint(save_dir, is_best=True)
# 定期保存检查点
if save_dir and (epoch + 1) % 10 == 0:
self._save_checkpoint(save_dir, epoch=epoch + 1)
# 记录epoch进度
self._log_epoch_progress(epoch + 1, train_metrics, val_metrics if val_loader else None)
training_time = time.time() - start_time
self.logger.info(f"训练完成,总耗时: {training_time:.2f} 秒")
# 保存最终模型
if save_dir:
self._save_checkpoint(save_dir, is_final=True)
return {
'train_history': dict(self.train_history),
'val_history': dict(self.val_history)
}
def _is_best_model(self, val_metrics: Dict[str, float]) -> bool:
"""检查是否为最佳模型"""
monitor_metric = self.config.get('validation', {}).get('model_selection', {}).get('criterion', 'val_loss')
mode = self.config.get('validation', {}).get('model_selection', {}).get('mode', 'min')
current_score = val_metrics.get(monitor_metric)
if current_score is None:
return False
if self.best_score is None:
self.best_score = current_score
return True
if mode == 'min':
if current_score < self.best_score:
self.best_score = current_score
return True
else:
if current_score > self.best_score:
self.best_score = current_score
return True
return False
def _save_checkpoint(self, save_dir: str, epoch: Optional[int] = None, is_best: bool = False, is_final: bool = False):
"""保存检查点"""
checkpoint = {
'epoch': self.current_epoch,
'model_state_dict': self.model.state_dict(),
'optimizer_state_dict': self.optimizer.state_dict(),
'config': self.config,
'train_history': dict(self.train_history),
'val_history': dict(self.val_history),
'best_score': self.best_score
}
if self.scheduler is not None:
checkpoint['scheduler_state_dict'] = self.scheduler.state_dict()
if self.mixed_precision and self.scaler is not None:
checkpoint['scaler_state_dict'] = self.scaler.state_dict()
# 保存文件名
if is_best:
filename = 'best_model.pth'
elif is_final:
filename = 'final_model.pth'
else:
filename = f'checkpoint_epoch_{epoch}.pth'
filepath = os.path.join(save_dir, filename)
torch.save(checkpoint, filepath)
if is_best:
self.logger.info(f"保存最佳模型到: {filepath}")
elif is_final:
self.logger.info(f"保存最终模型到: {filepath}")
else:
self.logger.info(f"保存检查点到: {filepath}")
def load_checkpoint(self, checkpoint_path: str, load_optimizer: bool = True, load_scheduler: bool = True):
"""
加载检查点
Args:
checkpoint_path: 检查点路径
load_optimizer: 是否加载优化器状态
load_scheduler: 是否加载调度器状态
"""
checkpoint = torch.load(checkpoint_path, map_location=self.device)
# 加载模型状态
self.model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['model_state_dict'])
# 加载训练状态
self.current_epoch = checkpoint.get('epoch', 0)
self.train_history = defaultdict(list, checkpoint.get('train_history', {}))
self.val_history = defaultdict(list, checkpoint.get('val_history', {}))
self.best_score = checkpoint.get('best_score')
# 加载优化器状态
if load_optimizer and 'optimizer_state_dict' in checkpoint:
self.optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer_state_dict'])
# 加载调度器状态
if load_scheduler and self.scheduler is not None and 'scheduler_state_dict' in checkpoint:
self.scheduler.load_state_dict(checkpoint['scheduler_state_dict'])
# 加载混合精度scaler状态
if self.mixed_precision and self.scaler is not None and 'scaler_state_dict' in checkpoint:
self.scaler.load_state_dict(checkpoint['scaler_state_dict'])
self.logger.info(f"从 {checkpoint_path} 恢复训练状态,当前epoch: {self.current_epoch}")
def _log_epoch_progress(self, epoch: int, train_metrics: Dict[str, float], val_metrics: Optional[Dict[str, float]] = None):
"""记录epoch进度"""
log_msg = f"Epoch {epoch:3d} | "
# 训练指标
train_loss = train_metrics.get('loss', 0)
train_lr = train_metrics.get('lr', 0)
log_msg += f"Train Loss: {train_loss:.6f} | LR: {train_lr:.2e}"
# 验证指标
if val_metrics:
val_loss = val_metrics.get('val_loss', 0)
val_mae = val_metrics.get('val_regression_mae', 0)
val_r2 = val_metrics.get('val_regression_r2', 0)
log_msg += f" | Val Loss: {val_loss:.6f} | Val MAE: {val_mae:.6f} | Val R²: {val_r2:.4f}"
self.logger.info(log_msg)
def evaluate(self, test_loader: DataLoader) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
评估模型
Args:
test_loader: 测试数据加载器
Returns:
评估结果
"""
self.logger.info("开始模型评估...")
self.model.eval()
all_predictions = []
all_targets = []
with torch.no_grad():
for features, targets in test_loader:
# 只在需要时移动数据到目标设备
if features.device != self.device:
features = features.to(self.device)
if targets.device != self.device:
targets = targets.to(self.device)
predictions = self.model(features)
all_predictions.append(predictions.cpu())
all_targets.append(targets.cpu())
# 合并所有预测和目标
all_predictions = torch.cat(all_predictions, dim=0)
all_targets = torch.cat(all_targets, dim=0)
# 计算详细评估指标
if self.diagnostic_mode:
# 诊断模式:打印每个维度的详细指标
evaluation_results = self.metrics.evaluate_predictions_diagnostic(
all_predictions, all_targets,
component_names=['ΔPAD_P', 'ΔPAD_A', 'ΔPAD_D'] # 3维输出
)
else:
# 标准模式:只计算指标不打印
evaluation_results = self.metrics.evaluate_predictions(all_predictions, all_targets)
self.logger.info("模型评估完成")
return evaluation_results
def create_trainer(model: nn.Module,
config: Dict[str, Any],
device: Optional[Union[str, torch.device]] = None,
logger: Optional[logging.Logger] = None,
diagnostic_mode: bool = False) -> Trainer:
"""
创建训练器的工厂函数
Args:
model: 要训练的模型
config: 训练配置
device: 训练设备
logger: 日志记录器
diagnostic_mode: 诊断模式(打印每个维度的详细指标)
Returns:
训练器实例
"""
return Trainer(model, config, device, logger, diagnostic_mode=diagnostic_mode)
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 测试代码
from ..models.pad_predictor import PADPredictor
from ..data.data_loader import DataLoader
# 创建测试配置
test_config = {
'training': {
'optimizer': {
'type': 'AdamW',
'learning_rate': 1e-3,
'weight_decay': 1e-4
},
'scheduler': {
'type': 'CosineAnnealingLR',
'T_max': 100
},
'epochs': {
'max_epochs': 5,
'early_stopping': {
'enabled': True,
'patience': 10
}
},
'loss': {
'type': 'MSELoss'
}
},
'validation': {
'val_frequency': 1,
'model_selection': {
'criterion': 'val_loss',
'mode': 'min'
}
},
'hardware': {
'device': 'cpu',
'mixed_precision': {
'enabled': False
}
},
'debug': {
'gradient_checking': {
'clip_value': 1.0
}
}
}
# 创建模型和训练器
model = PADPredictor()
trainer = create_trainer(model, test_config)
# 创建测试数据
from ..data.synthetic_generator import SyntheticDataGenerator
generator = SyntheticDataGenerator(num_samples=100)
data, labels = generator.generate_data()
# 创建数据加载器
data_loader = DataLoader(test_config.get('data', {}))
train_loader, val_loader, _ = data_loader.get_all_loaders(data=np.hstack([data, labels]))
print("开始训练测试...")
history = trainer.train(train_loader, val_loader)
print("训练测试完成!")
print(f"训练历史: {len(history['train_history']['loss'])} 个epoch")