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README.md
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---
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datasets:
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- ealvaradob/phishing-dataset
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language:
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- en
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pipeline_tag: feature-extraction
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tags:
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- transformers
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- pytorch
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- distilbert
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- text-classification
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- feature-extraction
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- security
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- cybersecurity
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- phishing
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- malware
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- url
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- tiny
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- lightweight
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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This is a lightweight model utilizing the DistilBERT architecture, designed to produce high-quality embeddings for text containing URLs.
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Despite utilizing the DistilBERT architecture, urlbert-tiny-v5 was not trained via knowledge distillation and is not a fine-tune of the original DistilBERT. Instead, the model was trained on MLM, text generation, token classification, and multi-class classification tasks.
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### Key Specifications
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- Architecture: DistilBERT (6 layers, 768 hidden dimensions, 12 attention heads)
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- Parameters: ~58.2M
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- Context Window: 512 tokens
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- Vocabulary Size: 19,996
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- Tensor type: F32
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###
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Here is a minimal example showing how to extract embeddings from text containing URLs:
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```
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import torch
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
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model_name = "CrabInHoney/urlbert-tiny-v5"
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
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model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_name)
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text = "Check that model: https://huggingface.co/CrabInHoney/urlbert-tiny-v5"
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inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, max_length=512)
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with torch.no_grad():
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outputs = model(**inputs)
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embedding = outputs.last_hidden_state[:, 0, :]
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print(f"Embedding Shape: {embedding.shape}")
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print(f"First 5 values: {embedding[0, :5]}")
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```
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Output:
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```
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Embedding Shape: torch.Size([1, 768])
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First 5 values: tensor([-0.0206, -0.0150, -0.0403, 0.0814, 0.0638])
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```
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###
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Given that urlbert-tiny-v5 generates high-quality embeddings suitable for classification "out-of-the-box," we decided not to release separate base and fine-tuned versions. Instead, only classification heads were trained for specific datasets, while the encoder weights remained frozen during the process.
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There are 7 trained heads available in the `heads/` directory of this repository.
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### Benchmark Results
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The following table shows the performance of these heads on their respective test sets:
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| Model Head File (`.safetensors`) | Dataset Source | Task Type | Samples | Accuracy | Macro F1 |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| `MSMalicious-URLs-dataset_head` | [Kaggle: MS Malicious URLs](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/sid321axn/malicious-urls-dataset) | **4-Class:** (Benign, Defacement, Phishing, Malware) | 651,191 | **99.82%** | 0.9965 |
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| `cyPhishing-Email-Detection_head` | [HF: Cybersectony Phishing v2.0](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cybersectony/PhishingEmailDetectionv2.0) | **4-Class:** (Legit/Phish Email, Legit/Phish URL) | 200,000 | **99.69%** | 0.9914 |
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| `PSSpam-Email-Classification_head` | [Kaggle: Email Spam Classification](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/purusinghvi/email-spam-classification-dataset) | **Binary:** (Legit vs Spam Email) | 83,448 | **99.10%** | 0.9909 |
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| `zlphishing-email-dataset_head` | [HF: ZL Phishing Email](https://huggingface.co/datasets/zefang-liu/phishing-email-dataset) | **Binary:** (Safe vs Phish Email) | 18,634 | **97.98%** | 0.9790 |
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| `eaphishing-dataset_head` | [HF: EA Phishing (Combined)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ealvaradob/phishing-dataset) | **Binary:** (Safe vs Phishing) | 77,677 | **96.67%** | 0.9660 |
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| `kmPhishing-urls_head` | [HF: KMack Phishing URLs](https://huggingface.co/datasets/kmack/Phishing_urls) | **Binary:** (Safe vs Phishing URL) | 708,820 | **89.51%** | 0.8948 |
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| `annotationGenHead` | *Unpublished Dataset* | *Annotation Generation* | - | - | - |
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### Inference Example
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This script loads the base model and **all** available heads to analyze a URL/text against every dataset simultaneously.
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```
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import torch, torch.nn as nn, torch.nn.functional as F
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel, AutoModelForCausalLM, EncoderDecoderModel, BertConfig
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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from safetensors.torch import load_file
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# 1. Classifier Architecture
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class Head(nn.Module):
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def __init__(self, c):
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super().__init__()
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self.pre_classifier, self.bn = nn.Linear(768, 768), nn.BatchNorm1d(768)
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self.classifier = nn.Linear(768, c)
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def forward(self, x):
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return self.classifier(torch.dropout(torch.relu(self.bn(self.pre_classifier(x))), 0.3, False))
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# 2. Config
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REPO = "CrabInHoney/urlbert-tiny-v5"
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CLS_HEADS = {
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"MSMalicious-URLs-dataset_head.safetensors": {0: "BENIGN", 1: "DEFACEMENT", 2: "PHISHING", 3: "MALWARE"},
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"cyPhishing-Email-Detection_head.safetensors": {0: "LEGIT EMAIL", 1: "PHISH EMAIL", 2: "LEGIT URL", 3: "PHISH URL"},
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"PSSpam-Email-Classification_head.safetensors": {0: "LEGIT EMAIL", 1: "SPAM EMAIL"},
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"kmPhishing-urls_head.safetensors": {0: "SAFE URL", 1: "PHISHING"},
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"eaphishing-dataset_head.safetensors": {0: "SAFE", 1: "PHISHING"},
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"zlphishing-email-dataset_head.safetensors": {0: "SAFE EMAIL", 1: "PHISH EMAIL"}
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}
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GEN_FILE = "heads/annotationGenHead.safetensors"
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# 3. Load Models
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print("Loading models...")
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tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(REPO)
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enc = AutoModel.from_pretrained(REPO)
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# Load Classifiers
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models = {}
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for f, lbls in CLS_HEADS.items():
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h = Head(len(lbls))
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h.load_state_dict(load_file(hf_hub_download(REPO, f"heads/{f}")))
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h.eval()
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models[f] = (h, lbls)
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# Load Generator
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dec_conf = BertConfig(vocab_size=tok.vocab_size, hidden_size=256, num_hidden_layers=4, num_attention_heads=4, intermediate_size=1024, is_decoder=True, add_cross_attention=True)
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gen_model = EncoderDecoderModel(encoder=enc, decoder=AutoModelForCausalLM.from_config(dec_conf))
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gen_model.load_state_dict(load_file(hf_hub_download(REPO, GEN_FILE)), strict=False)
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gen_model.eval()
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# 4. Inference
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text = "http://paypal-secure-login.update.com"
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inputs = tok(text, return_tensors="pt", truncation=True, max_length=512)
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print(f"Target: {text}\n")
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print(f"{'HEAD':<30} {'VERDICT':<15} {'CONF'}")
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with torch.no_grad():
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# Run Classifiers
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emb = enc(**inputs).last_hidden_state[:, 0, :]
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for fname, (model, labels) in models.items():
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probs = F.softmax(model(emb), dim=1)[0]
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top_id = probs.argmax().item()
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verdict = labels[top_id]
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c = "\033[91m" if any(x in verdict for x in ["PHISH", "MALWARE", "SPAM", "DEFACE"]) else "\033[92m"
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print(f"{fname.split('_')[0]:<30} {c}{verdict:<15}\033[0m {probs[top_id]:.1%}")
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# Run Generator (Fix: Explicitly pass decoder_start_token_id)
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print("-" * 55)
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out = gen_model.generate(
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inputs.input_ids,
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max_length=60,
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num_beams=5,
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decoder_start_token_id=tok.cls_token_id,
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eos_token_id=tok.sep_token_id
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)
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desc = tok.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
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print(f"Generated Description: \033[96m{desc}\033[0m")
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```
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Output:
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```
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HEAD VERDICT CONF
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MSMalicious-URLs-dataset PHISHING 100.0%
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cyPhishing-Email-Detection PHISH URL 99.1%
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PSSpam-Email-Classification SPAM EMAIL 99.9%
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kmPhishing-urls PHISHING 91.8%
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eaphishing-dataset PHISHING 100.0%
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zlphishing-email-dataset PHISH EMAIL 55.2%
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-------------------------------------------------------
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Generated Description: financial institution phishing
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```
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