diff --git "a/llama.cpp/common/chat.cpp" "b/llama.cpp/common/chat.cpp"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/llama.cpp/common/chat.cpp"
@@ -0,0 +1,3355 @@
+#include "chat.h"
+#include "chat-parser.h"
+#include "chat-peg-parser.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "json-partial.h"
+#include "json-schema-to-grammar.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "regex-partial.h"
+
+#include "jinja/parser.h"
+#include "jinja/value.h"
+#include "jinja/runtime.h"
+#include "jinja/caps.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <exception>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
+
+static std::string format_time(const std::chrono::system_clock::time_point & now, const std::string & format) {
+    auto time = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
+    auto local_time = *std::localtime(&time);
+    std::ostringstream ss;
+    ss << std::put_time(&local_time, format.c_str());
+    auto res = ss.str();
+    return res;
+}
+
+static std::string string_diff(const std::string & last, const std::string & current) {
+    if (last.empty()) {
+        return current;
+    }
+    if (!string_starts_with(current, last)) {
+        if (string_starts_with(last, current)) {
+            // This happens if the last generation ended on a partial stop word (not erased),
+            // and the current ended on a stop word (erased).
+            return "";
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("Invalid diff: '" + last + "' not found at start of '" + current + "'");
+    }
+    return current.substr(last.size());
+}
+
+static bool has_content_or_tool_calls(const common_chat_msg & msg) {
+    return !msg.content.empty() || !msg.tool_calls.empty();
+}
+
+json common_chat_msg::to_json_oaicompat(bool concat_typed_text) const {
+    if (!content.empty() && !content_parts.empty()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Cannot specify both content and content_parts");
+    }
+    json jmsg {
+        {"role", role},
+    };
+    if (!content.empty()) {
+        jmsg["content"] = content;
+    } else if (!content_parts.empty()) {
+        if (concat_typed_text) {
+            std::string text;
+            bool last_was_media_marker = false;
+            // join parts with newline, do not add newline before or after media markers
+            for (const auto & part : content_parts) {
+                bool add_new_line = true;
+                if (part.type == "text") {
+                    add_new_line = !last_was_media_marker && !text.empty();
+                    last_was_media_marker = false;
+                } else if (part.type == "media_marker") {
+                    add_new_line = false;
+                    last_was_media_marker = true;
+                } else {
+                    LOG_WRN("Ignoring content part type: %s\n", part.type.c_str());
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (add_new_line) {
+                    text += '\n';
+                }
+
+                text += part.text;
+            }
+            jmsg["content"] = text;
+        } else {
+            auto & parts = jmsg["content"] = json::array();
+            for (const auto & part : content_parts) {
+                parts.push_back({
+                    {"type", part.type},
+                    {"text", part.text},
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        jmsg["content"] = "";
+    }
+    if (!reasoning_content.empty()) {
+        jmsg["reasoning_content"] = reasoning_content;
+    }
+    if (!tool_name.empty()) {
+        jmsg["name"] = tool_name;
+    }
+    if (!tool_call_id.empty()) {
+        jmsg["tool_call_id"] = tool_call_id;
+    }
+    if (!tool_calls.empty()) {
+        jmsg["tool_calls"] = json::array();
+        auto & jtool_calls = jmsg["tool_calls"];
+        for (const auto & tool_call : tool_calls) {
+            json tc {
+                {"type", "function"},
+                {"function", {
+                    {"name", tool_call.name},
+                    {"arguments", tool_call.arguments},
+                }},
+            };
+            if (!tool_call.id.empty()) {
+                tc["id"] = tool_call.id;
+            }
+            // Some templates generate and require an id (sometimes in a very specific format, e.g. Mistral Nemo).
+            // We only generate a random id for the ones that don't generate one by themselves
+            // (they also won't get to see it as their template likely doesn't use it, so it's all for the client)
+            // {"id", tc.id.empty() ? gen_tool_call_id() : tc.id},
+            jtool_calls.push_back(tc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return jmsg;
+}
+
+std::vector<common_chat_msg_diff> common_chat_msg_diff::compute_diffs(const common_chat_msg & msg_prv, const common_chat_msg & msg_new) {
+    std::vector<common_chat_msg_diff> diffs;
+    if (msg_new.tool_calls.size() > msg_prv.tool_calls.size()) {
+        diffs.reserve(msg_new.tool_calls.size() - msg_prv.tool_calls.size() + 3);
+    } else {
+        diffs.reserve(3);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: these can become expensive for long messages - how to optimize?
+    if (msg_prv.reasoning_content != msg_new.reasoning_content) {
+        auto & diff = diffs.emplace_back();
+        diff.reasoning_content_delta = string_diff(msg_prv.reasoning_content, msg_new.reasoning_content);
+    }
+    if (msg_prv.content != msg_new.content) {
+        auto & diff = diffs.emplace_back();
+        diff.content_delta = string_diff(msg_prv.content, msg_new.content);
+    }
+
+    if (msg_new.tool_calls.size() < msg_prv.tool_calls.size()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Invalid diff: now finding less tool calls!");
+    }
+
+    if (!msg_prv.tool_calls.empty()) {
+        const auto idx = msg_prv.tool_calls.size() - 1;
+        const auto & pref = msg_prv.tool_calls[idx];
+        const auto & newf = msg_new.tool_calls[idx];
+        if (pref.name != newf.name) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Invalid diff: tool call mismatch!");
+        }
+        const auto args_diff = string_diff(pref.arguments, newf.arguments);
+        if (!args_diff.empty() || pref.id != newf.id) {
+            auto & diff = diffs.emplace_back();
+            diff.tool_call_index = idx;
+            if (pref.id != newf.id) {
+                diff.tool_call_delta.id = newf.id;
+                diff.tool_call_delta.name = newf.name;
+            }
+            diff.tool_call_delta.arguments = args_diff;
+        }
+    }
+    for (size_t idx = msg_prv.tool_calls.size(); idx < msg_new.tool_calls.size(); ++idx) {
+        auto & diff = diffs.emplace_back();
+        diff.tool_call_index = idx;
+        diff.tool_call_delta = msg_new.tool_calls[idx];
+    }
+
+    return diffs;
+}
+
+using chat_template_caps = jinja::caps;
+
+struct common_chat_template {
+    jinja::program prog;
+    std::string bos_tok;
+    std::string eos_tok;
+    std::string src;
+    chat_template_caps caps;
+
+    common_chat_template(const std::string & src, const std::string & bos_token, const std::string & eos_token) {
+        jinja::lexer lexer;
+        auto lexer_res = lexer.tokenize(src);
+        this->prog = jinja::parse_from_tokens(lexer_res);
+
+        this->src = lexer_res.source;
+        this->bos_tok = bos_token;
+        this->eos_tok = eos_token;
+
+        this->caps = jinja::caps_get(prog);
+        // LOG_INF("%s: caps:\n%s\n", __func__, this->caps.to_string().c_str());
+    }
+
+    const std::string & source() const { return src; }
+    const std::string & bos_token() const { return bos_tok; }
+    const std::string & eos_token() const { return eos_tok; }
+
+    // TODO: this is ugly, refactor it somehow
+    json add_system(const json & messages, const std::string & system_prompt) const {
+        GGML_ASSERT(messages.is_array());
+        auto msgs_copy = messages;
+        if (!caps.supports_system_role) {
+            if (msgs_copy.empty()) {
+                msgs_copy.insert(msgs_copy.begin(), json{
+                    {"role", "user"},
+                    {"content", system_prompt}
+                });
+            } else {
+                auto & first_msg = msgs_copy[0];
+                if (!first_msg.contains("content")) {
+                    first_msg["content"] = "";
+                }
+                first_msg["content"] = system_prompt + "\n\n"
+                    + first_msg["content"].get<std::string>();
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (msgs_copy.empty() || msgs_copy[0].at("role") != "system") {
+                msgs_copy.insert(msgs_copy.begin(), json{
+                    {"role", "system"},
+                    {"content", system_prompt}
+                });
+            } else if (msgs_copy[0].at("role") == "system") {
+                msgs_copy[0]["content"] = system_prompt;
+            }
+        }
+        return msgs_copy;
+    }
+
+    chat_template_caps original_caps() const {
+        return caps;
+    }
+
+};
+
+struct common_chat_templates {
+    bool add_bos;
+    bool add_eos;
+    bool has_explicit_template; // Model had builtin template or template overridde was specified.
+    std::unique_ptr<common_chat_template> template_default; // always set (defaults to chatml)
+    std::unique_ptr<common_chat_template> template_tool_use;
+};
+
+struct templates_params {
+    json messages;
+    json tools;
+    common_chat_tool_choice tool_choice;
+    json json_schema;
+    bool parallel_tool_calls;
+    common_reasoning_format reasoning_format;
+    bool stream;
+    std::string grammar;
+    bool add_generation_prompt = true;
+    bool enable_thinking = true;
+    std::chrono::system_clock::time_point now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+    json extra_context;
+    bool add_bos;
+    bool add_eos;
+    bool is_inference = true;
+    bool mark_input = true; // whether to mark input strings in the jinja context
+};
+
+common_chat_tool_choice common_chat_tool_choice_parse_oaicompat(const std::string & tool_choice) {
+    if (tool_choice == "auto") {
+        return COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_AUTO;
+    }
+    if (tool_choice == "none") {
+        return COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE;
+    }
+    if (tool_choice == "required") {
+        return COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+    }
+    throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid tool_choice: " + tool_choice);
+}
+
+bool common_chat_templates_support_enable_thinking(const common_chat_templates * chat_templates) {
+    common_chat_templates_inputs dummy_inputs;
+    common_chat_msg msg;
+    msg.role = "user";
+    msg.content = "test";
+    dummy_inputs.messages = {msg};
+    dummy_inputs.enable_thinking = false;
+    const auto rendered_no_thinking = common_chat_templates_apply(chat_templates, dummy_inputs);
+    dummy_inputs.enable_thinking = true;
+    const auto rendered_with_thinking = common_chat_templates_apply(chat_templates, dummy_inputs);
+    return rendered_no_thinking.prompt != rendered_with_thinking.prompt;
+}
+
+std::vector<common_chat_msg> common_chat_msgs_parse_oaicompat(const json & messages) {
+    std::vector<common_chat_msg> msgs;
+
+    try {
+
+        if (!messages.is_array()) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument("Expected 'messages' to be an array, got " + messages.dump());
+        }
+
+        for (const auto & message : messages) {
+            if (!message.is_object()) {
+                throw std::invalid_argument("Expected 'message' to be an object, got " + message.dump());
+            }
+
+            common_chat_msg msg;
+            if (!message.contains("role")) {
+                throw std::invalid_argument("Missing 'role' in message: " + message.dump());
+            }
+            msg.role = message.at("role");
+
+            auto has_content = message.contains("content");
+            auto has_tool_calls = message.contains("tool_calls");
+            if (has_content) {
+                const auto & content = message.at("content");
+                if (content.is_string()) {
+                    msg.content = content;
+                } else if (content.is_array()) {
+                    for (const auto & part : content) {
+                        if (!part.contains("type")) {
+                            throw std::invalid_argument("Missing content part type: " + part.dump());
+                        }
+                        const auto & type = part.at("type");
+                        if (type != "text" && type != "media_marker") {
+                            throw std::invalid_argument("Unsupported content part type: " + type.dump());
+                        }
+                        common_chat_msg_content_part msg_part;
+                        msg_part.type = type;
+                        msg_part.text = part.at("text");
+                        msg.content_parts.push_back(msg_part);
+                    }
+                } else if (!content.is_null()) {
+                    throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid 'content' type: expected string or array, got " + content.dump() + " (ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/8367)");
+                }
+            }
+            if (has_tool_calls) {
+                for (const auto & tool_call : message.at("tool_calls")) {
+                    common_chat_tool_call tc;
+                    if (!tool_call.contains("type")) {
+                        throw std::invalid_argument("Missing tool call type: " + tool_call.dump());
+                    }
+                    const auto & type = tool_call.at("type");
+                    if (type != "function") {
+                        throw std::invalid_argument("Unsupported tool call type: " + tool_call.dump());
+                    }
+                    if (!tool_call.contains("function")) {
+                        throw std::invalid_argument("Missing tool call function: " + tool_call.dump());
+                    }
+                    const auto & fc = tool_call.at("function");
+                    if (!fc.contains("name")) {
+                        throw std::invalid_argument("Missing tool call name: " + tool_call.dump());
+                    }
+                    tc.name = fc.at("name");
+                    tc.arguments = fc.at("arguments");
+                    if (tool_call.contains("id")) {
+                        tc.id = tool_call.at("id");
+                    }
+                    msg.tool_calls.push_back(tc);
+                }
+            }
+            if (!has_content && !has_tool_calls) {
+                throw std::invalid_argument("Expected 'content' or 'tool_calls' (ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/8367 & https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/12279)");
+            }
+            if (message.contains("reasoning_content")) {
+                msg.reasoning_content = message.at("reasoning_content");
+            }
+            if (message.contains("name")) {
+                msg.tool_name = message.at("name");
+            }
+            if (message.contains("tool_call_id")) {
+                msg.tool_call_id = message.at("tool_call_id");
+            }
+
+            msgs.push_back(msg);
+        }
+    } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+        // @ngxson : disable otherwise it's bloating the API response
+        // printf("%s\n", std::string("; messages = ") + messages.dump(2));
+        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse messages: " + std::string(e.what()));
+    }
+
+    return msgs;
+}
+
+static json render_message_to_json(const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & msgs, const jinja::caps & c) {
+    if (!c.supports_string_content && !c.supports_typed_content) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: Neither string content nor typed content is supported by the template. This is unexpected and may lead to issues.\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    bool only_string_accepted =  c.supports_string_content && !c.supports_typed_content;
+    bool only_typed_accepted  = !c.supports_string_content &&  c.supports_typed_content;
+
+    json messages = json::array();
+    for (const auto & msg : msgs) {
+        if (only_string_accepted) {
+            json jmsg = msg.to_json_oaicompat(/* concat_typed_text= */ true);
+            messages.push_back(jmsg);
+        } else if (only_typed_accepted) {
+            json jmsg = msg.to_json_oaicompat(/* concat_typed_text= */ false);
+            if (jmsg.at("content").is_string()) {
+                jmsg["content"] = json::array({
+                    json{
+                        {"type", "text"},
+                        {"text", jmsg.at("content").get<std::string>()},
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+            messages.push_back(jmsg);
+        } else {
+            json jmsg = msg.to_json_oaicompat(/* concat_typed_text= */ false);
+            messages.push_back(jmsg);
+        }
+    }
+    return messages;
+}
+
+// DEPRECATED: only used in tests
+json common_chat_msgs_to_json_oaicompat(const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & msgs, bool concat_typed_text) {
+    jinja::caps c;
+    c.supports_string_content = true;
+    c.supports_typed_content = !concat_typed_text;
+    return render_message_to_json(msgs, c);
+}
+
+std::vector<common_chat_tool> common_chat_tools_parse_oaicompat(const json & tools) {
+    std::vector<common_chat_tool> result;
+
+    try {
+        if (!tools.is_null()) {
+            if (!tools.is_array()) {
+                throw std::invalid_argument("Expected 'tools' to be an array, got " + tools.dump());
+            }
+            for (const auto & tool : tools) {
+                if (!tool.contains("type")) {
+                    throw std::invalid_argument("Missing tool type: " + tool.dump());
+                }
+                const auto & type = tool.at("type");
+                if (!type.is_string() || type != "function") {
+                    throw std::invalid_argument("Unsupported tool type: " + tool.dump());
+                }
+                if (!tool.contains("function")) {
+                    throw std::invalid_argument("Missing tool function: " + tool.dump());
+                }
+
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                result.push_back({
+                    /* .name = */ function.at("name"),
+                    /* .description = */ function.value("description", ""),
+                    /* .parameters = */ function.value("parameters", json::object()).dump(),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse tools: " + std::string(e.what()) + "; tools = " + tools.dump(2));
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+json common_chat_tools_to_json_oaicompat(const std::vector<common_chat_tool> & tools) {
+    if (tools.empty()) {
+        return json();
+    }
+
+    auto result = json::array();
+    for (const auto & tool : tools) {
+        result.push_back({
+            {"type", "function"},
+            {"function", {
+                {"name", tool.name},
+                {"description", tool.description},
+                {"parameters", json::parse(tool.parameters)},
+            }},
+        });
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+json common_chat_msg_diff_to_json_oaicompat(const common_chat_msg_diff & diff) {
+    json delta = json::object();
+    if (!diff.reasoning_content_delta.empty()) {
+        delta["reasoning_content"] = diff.reasoning_content_delta;
+    }
+    if (!diff.content_delta.empty()) {
+        delta["content"] = diff.content_delta;
+    }
+    if (diff.tool_call_index != std::string::npos) {
+        json tool_call;
+        tool_call["index"] = diff.tool_call_index;
+        if (!diff.tool_call_delta.id.empty()) {
+            tool_call["id"] = diff.tool_call_delta.id;
+            tool_call["type"] = "function";
+        }
+        json function = json::object();
+        if (!diff.tool_call_delta.name.empty()) {
+            function["name"] = diff.tool_call_delta.name;
+        }
+        function["arguments"] = diff.tool_call_delta.arguments;
+        tool_call["function"] = function;
+        delta["tool_calls"] = json::array({tool_call});
+    }
+    return delta;
+}
+
+bool common_chat_verify_template(const std::string & tmpl, bool use_jinja) {
+    if (use_jinja) {
+        try {
+            common_chat_msg msg;
+            msg.role = "user";
+            msg.content = "test";
+
+            auto tmpls = common_chat_templates_init(/* model= */ nullptr, tmpl);
+
+            common_chat_templates_inputs inputs;
+            inputs.messages = {msg};
+
+            common_chat_templates_apply(tmpls.get(), inputs);
+            return true;
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: failed to apply template: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    llama_chat_message chat[] = {{"user", "test"}};
+    const int res = llama_chat_apply_template(tmpl.c_str(), chat, 1, true, nullptr, 0);
+    return res >= 0;
+}
+
+std::string common_chat_format_single(
+        const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls,
+        const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & past_msg,
+        const common_chat_msg & new_msg,
+        bool add_ass,
+        bool use_jinja) {
+
+    common_chat_templates_inputs inputs;
+    inputs.use_jinja = use_jinja;
+    inputs.add_bos = tmpls->add_bos;
+    inputs.add_eos = tmpls->add_eos;
+
+    std::string fmt_past_msg;
+    if (!past_msg.empty()) {
+        inputs.messages = past_msg;
+        inputs.add_generation_prompt = false;
+        fmt_past_msg = common_chat_templates_apply(tmpls, inputs).prompt;
+    }
+    std::ostringstream ss;
+    // if the past_msg ends with a newline, we must preserve it in the formatted version
+    if (add_ass && !fmt_past_msg.empty() && fmt_past_msg.back() == '\n') {
+        ss << "\n";
+    };
+    // format chat with new_msg
+    inputs.messages.push_back(new_msg);
+    inputs.add_generation_prompt = add_ass;
+    auto fmt_new_msg = common_chat_templates_apply(tmpls, inputs).prompt;
+    // get the diff part
+    ss << fmt_new_msg.substr(fmt_past_msg.size(), fmt_new_msg.size() - fmt_past_msg.size());
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+std::string common_chat_format_example(const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls, bool use_jinja, const std::map<std::string, std::string> & chat_template_kwargs) {
+    common_chat_templates_inputs inputs;
+    inputs.use_jinja = use_jinja;
+    inputs.add_bos = tmpls->add_bos;
+    inputs.add_eos = tmpls->add_eos;
+    inputs.chat_template_kwargs = chat_template_kwargs;
+    auto add_simple_msg = [&](auto role, auto content) {
+        common_chat_msg msg;
+        msg.role = role;
+        msg.content = content;
+        inputs.messages.push_back(msg);
+    };
+    add_simple_msg("system",    "You are a helpful assistant");
+    add_simple_msg("user",      "Hello");
+    add_simple_msg("assistant", "Hi there");
+    add_simple_msg("user",      "How are you?");
+    return common_chat_templates_apply(tmpls, inputs).prompt;
+}
+
+#define CHATML_TEMPLATE_SRC \
+    "{%- for message in messages -%}\n" \
+    "  {{- '<|im_start|>' + message.role + '\n' + message.content + '<|im_end|>\n' -}}\n" \
+    "{%- endfor -%}\n" \
+    "{%- if add_generation_prompt -%}\n" \
+    "  {{- '<|im_start|>assistant\n' -}}\n" \
+    "{%- endif -%}"
+
+void common_chat_templates_free(struct common_chat_templates * tmpls) {
+    delete tmpls;
+}
+
+bool common_chat_templates_was_explicit(const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls) {
+    return tmpls->has_explicit_template;
+}
+
+std::string common_chat_templates_source(const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls, const std::string & variant) {
+    if (!variant.empty()) {
+        if (variant == "tool_use") {
+            if (tmpls->template_tool_use) {
+                return tmpls->template_tool_use->source();
+            }
+            return "";
+        } else {
+            LOG_DBG("%s: unknown template variant: %s\n", __func__, variant.c_str());
+        }
+    }
+    return tmpls->template_default->source();
+}
+
+common_chat_templates_ptr common_chat_templates_init(
+    const struct llama_model * model,
+    const std::string & chat_template_override,
+    const std::string & bos_token_override,
+    const std::string & eos_token_override)
+{
+    std::string default_template_src;
+    std::string template_tool_use_src;
+
+    bool has_explicit_template = !chat_template_override.empty();
+    if (chat_template_override.empty()) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(model != nullptr);
+        const auto * str = llama_model_chat_template(model, /* name */ nullptr);
+        if (str) {
+            default_template_src = str;
+            has_explicit_template = true;
+        }
+        str = llama_model_chat_template(model, /* name */ "tool_use");
+        if (str) {
+            template_tool_use_src = str;
+            has_explicit_template = true;
+        }
+    } else {
+        default_template_src = chat_template_override;
+    }
+    if (default_template_src.empty() || default_template_src == "chatml") {
+        if (!template_tool_use_src.empty()) {
+            default_template_src = template_tool_use_src;
+        } else {
+            default_template_src = CHATML_TEMPLATE_SRC;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO @ngxson : this is a temporary hack to prevent chat template from throwing an error
+    // Ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15230#issuecomment-3173959633
+    if (default_template_src.find("<|channel|>") != std::string::npos
+            // search for the error message and patch it
+            && default_template_src.find("in message.content or") != std::string::npos) {
+        string_replace_all(default_template_src,
+            "{%- if \"<|channel|>analysis<|message|>\" in message.content or \"<|channel|>final<|message|>\" in message.content %}",
+            "{%- if false %}");
+    }
+
+    // TODO @aldehir : this is a temporary fix, pending Minja changes
+    // Ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17713#issuecomment-3631342664
+    if (default_template_src.find("[TOOL_CALLS]") != std::string::npos
+            // search for the error message and patch it
+            && default_template_src.find("if (message['content'] is none or") != std::string::npos) {
+        string_replace_all(default_template_src,
+            "{%- if (message['content'] is none or message['content'] == '' or message['content']|length == 0) and (message['tool_calls'] is not defined or message['tool_calls'] is none or message['tool_calls']|length == 0) %}",
+            "{%- if false %}");
+    }
+
+    std::string token_bos = bos_token_override;
+    std::string token_eos = eos_token_override;
+    bool add_bos = false;
+    bool add_eos = false;
+    if (model) {
+        const auto * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
+        const auto get_token = [&](llama_token token, const char * name, const char * jinja_variable_name) {
+            if (token == LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
+                if (default_template_src.find(jinja_variable_name) != std::string::npos
+                    || template_tool_use_src.find(jinja_variable_name) != std::string::npos) {
+                    LOG_WRN("common_chat_templates_init: warning: vocab does not have a %s token, jinja template won't work as intended.\n", name);
+                }
+                return std::string();
+            }
+            return common_token_to_piece(vocab, token, true);
+        };
+        token_bos = get_token(llama_vocab_bos(vocab), "BOS", "bos_token");
+        token_eos = get_token(llama_vocab_eos(vocab), "EOS", "eos_token");
+        add_bos = llama_vocab_get_add_bos(vocab);
+        add_eos = llama_vocab_get_add_eos(vocab);
+    }
+    common_chat_templates_ptr tmpls(new common_chat_templates());
+    tmpls->has_explicit_template = has_explicit_template;
+    tmpls->add_bos = add_bos;
+    tmpls->add_eos = add_eos;
+    try {
+        tmpls->template_default = std::make_unique<common_chat_template>(default_template_src, token_bos, token_eos);
+    } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to initialize chat template\n", __func__);
+        LOG_ERR("%s: please consider disabling jinja via --no-jinja, or using another chat template\n", __func__);
+        throw e;
+    }
+    if (!template_tool_use_src.empty()) {
+        try {
+            tmpls->template_tool_use = std::make_unique<common_chat_template>(template_tool_use_src, token_bos, token_eos);
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: failed to parse tool use chat template (ignoring it): %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+        }
+    }
+    return tmpls;
+}
+
+const char * common_chat_format_name(common_chat_format format) {
+    switch (format) {
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY: return "Content-only";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC: return "Generic";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MISTRAL_NEMO: return "Mistral Nemo";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MAGISTRAL: return "Magistral";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X: return "Llama 3.x";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X_WITH_BUILTIN_TOOLS: return "Llama 3.x with builtin tools";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1: return "DeepSeek R1";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2: return "FireFunction v2";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2: return "Functionary v3.2";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1: return "Functionary v3.1 Llama 3.1";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_V3_1: return "DeepSeek V3.1";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO: return "Hermes 2 Pro";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B: return "Command R7B";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GRANITE: return "Granite";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GPT_OSS: return "GPT-OSS";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_SEED_OSS: return "Seed-OSS";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_NEMOTRON_V2: return "Nemotron V2";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_APERTUS: return "Apertus";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LFM2_WITH_JSON_TOOLS: return "LFM2 with JSON tools";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MINIMAX_M2: return "MiniMax-M2";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GLM_4_5: return "GLM 4.5";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_KIMI_K2: return "Kimi K2";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_APRIEL_1_5: return "Apriel 1.5";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_XIAOMI_MIMO: return "Xiaomi MiMo";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_SOLAR_OPEN: return "Solar Open";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_EXAONE_MOE: return "EXAONE MoE";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_SIMPLE: return "peg-simple";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_NATIVE: return "peg-native";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_CONSTRUCTED: return "peg-constructed";
+        default:
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unknown chat format");
+    }
+}
+
+const char * common_reasoning_format_name(common_reasoning_format format) {
+    switch (format) {
+        case COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE:     return "none";
+        case COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_AUTO:     return "auto";
+        case COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK: return "deepseek";
+        case COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_LEGACY: return "deepseek-legacy";
+        default:
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unknown reasoning format");
+    }
+}
+
+common_reasoning_format common_reasoning_format_from_name(const std::string & format) {
+    if (format == "none") {
+        return COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE;
+    } else if (format == "auto") {
+        return COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_AUTO;
+    } else if (format == "deepseek") {
+        return COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK;
+    } else if (format == "deepseek-legacy") {
+        return COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_LEGACY;
+    }
+    throw std::runtime_error("Unknown reasoning format: " + format);
+}
+
+static void foreach_function(const json & tools, const std::function<void(const json &)> & fn) {
+    for (const auto & tool : tools) {
+        if (!tool.contains("type") || tool.at("type") != "function" || !tool.contains("function")) {
+            LOG_INF("Skipping tool without function: %s", tool.dump(2).c_str());
+            continue;
+        }
+        fn(tool);
+    }
+}
+
+static void foreach_parameter(const json & function, const std::function<void(const std::string &, const json &, bool)> & fn) {
+    if (!function.contains("parameters") || !function.at("parameters").is_object()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const auto & params = function.at("parameters");
+    if (!params.contains("properties") || !params.at("properties").is_object()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const auto & props = params.at("properties");
+    std::set<std::string> required;
+    if (params.contains("required") && params.at("required").is_array()) {
+        params.at("required").get_to(required);
+    }
+    for (const auto & [name, prop] : props.items()) {
+        bool is_required = (required.find(name) != required.end());
+        fn(name, prop, is_required);
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string apply(
+    const common_chat_template & tmpl,
+    const struct templates_params & inputs,
+    const std::optional<json> & messages_override = std::nullopt,
+    const std::optional<json> & tools_override = std::nullopt,
+    const std::optional<json> & additional_context = std::nullopt)
+{
+    jinja::context ctx(tmpl.source());
+
+    nlohmann::ordered_json inp = nlohmann::ordered_json{
+        {"messages", messages_override.has_value() ? *messages_override : inputs.messages},
+        {"bos_token", tmpl.bos_token()},
+        {"eos_token", tmpl.eos_token()},
+    };
+    if (tools_override.has_value() || !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        inp["tools"] = tools_override.has_value() ? *tools_override : inputs.tools;
+    }
+    if (inputs.extra_context.is_object()) {
+        // TODO: do we need to merge, or replacing is fine?
+        for (const auto & [k, v] : inputs.extra_context.items()) {
+            inp[k] = v;
+        }
+    }
+    if (additional_context.has_value()) {
+        // TODO: merge properly instead of overwriting (matching old behavior)
+        for (const auto & [k, v] : additional_context->items()) {
+            inp[k] = v;
+        }
+    }
+    if (inputs.add_generation_prompt) {
+        inp["add_generation_prompt"] = true;
+    }
+
+    jinja::global_from_json(ctx, inp, inputs.mark_input);
+
+    // render
+    jinja::runtime runtime(ctx);
+    const jinja::value results = runtime.execute(tmpl.prog);
+    auto parts = runtime.gather_string_parts(results);
+
+    std::string result = parts->as_string().str();
+
+    // TODO: improve this later
+    if (inputs.add_bos && string_starts_with(result, tmpl.bos_token())) {
+        result = result.substr(tmpl.bos_token().size());
+    }
+    if (inputs.add_eos && string_ends_with(result, tmpl.eos_token())) {
+        result = result.substr(0, result.size() - tmpl.eos_token().size());
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_generic(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    auto tool_call_schemas = json::array();
+    foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+        const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+        auto tool_schema = json {
+            {"type", "object"},
+            {"properties", {
+                {"name", {
+                    {"type", "string"},
+                    {"const", function.at("name")},
+                }},
+                {"arguments", function.at("parameters")},
+            }},
+            {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments"})},
+        };
+        if (function.contains("description")) {
+            tool_schema["description"] = function.at("description");
+        }
+        if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+            tool_schema.at("properties")["id"] = {
+                {"type", "string"},
+                {"minLength", 4},
+            };
+            tool_schema.at("required").push_back("id");
+        }
+        tool_call_schemas.emplace_back(tool_schema);
+    });
+    const auto tool_call =
+        inputs.parallel_tool_calls
+            ? json {
+                {"type", "object"},
+                {"properties", {
+                    {"tool_calls", {
+                        {"type", "array"},
+                        {"items", tool_call_schemas.size() == 1 ? tool_call_schemas[0] : json {
+                            {"anyOf", tool_call_schemas},
+                        }},
+                        {"minItems", 1},
+                    }},
+                }},
+                {"required", json::array({"tool_calls"})},
+            }
+            : json {
+                {"type", "object"},
+                {"properties", {
+                    {"tool_call", tool_call_schemas.size() == 1 ? tool_call_schemas[0] : json {
+                        {"anyOf", tool_call_schemas},
+                    }},
+                }},
+                {"required", json::array({"tool_call"})},
+            };
+    const auto schema =
+        inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED
+            ? json {
+                {"anyOf", json::array({
+                    tool_call,
+                    {
+                        {"type", "object"},
+                        {"properties", {
+                            {"response", inputs.json_schema.is_null()
+                                ? json {{"type", "string"}}
+                                : inputs.json_schema
+                            },
+                        }},
+                        {"required", json::array({"response"})},
+                    },
+                })}
+            }
+            : tool_call;
+
+    data.grammar_lazy = false;
+    data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+        builder.add_schema("root", schema);
+    });
+
+    auto tweaked_messages = tmpl.add_system(
+        inputs.messages,
+        "Respond in JSON format, either with `tool_call` (a request to call tools) or with `response` reply to the user's request");
+
+    // ensure all messages has "content" field
+    for (auto & message : tweaked_messages) {
+        if (!message.contains("content") || message["content"].is_null()) {
+            message["content"] = "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override= */ tweaked_messages);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC;
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_mistral_nemo(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+    data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+        auto schemas = json::array();
+        foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+            const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+            schemas.push_back({
+                {"type", "object"},
+                {"properties", {
+                    // Important note: the model is probably trained to take a JSON stringified arguments value.
+                    // It's hard to constrain that for now (while reusing the JSON schema conversion), so we're just expecting a plain object.
+                    {"name", {
+                        {"type", "string"},
+                        {"const", function.at("name")},
+                    }},
+                    {"arguments", function.at("parameters")},
+                    {"id", {
+                        {"type", "string"},
+                        // Nemo's template expects a 9-character alphanumeric ID.
+                        {"pattern", "^[a-zA-Z0-9]{9}$"},
+                    }},
+                }},
+                {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments", "id"})},
+            });
+        });
+        auto schema = json {
+            {"type", "array"},
+            {"items", schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json {{"anyOf", schemas}}},
+            {"minItems", 1},
+        };
+        if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+            schema["maxItems"] = 1;
+        }
+        builder.add_rule("root", "\"[TOOL_CALLS]\" " + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema));
+    });
+    data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "[TOOL_CALLS]"});
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "[TOOL_CALLS]",
+    };
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MISTRAL_NEMO;
+    return data;
+}
+
+
+// Case-insensitive find
+static size_t ifind_string(const std::string & haystack, const std::string & needle, size_t pos = 0) {
+    auto it = std::search(
+        haystack.begin() + pos, haystack.end(),
+        needle.begin(), needle.end(),
+        [](char a, char b) { return std::tolower(a) == std::tolower(b); }
+    );
+    return (it == haystack.end()) ? std::string::npos : std::distance(haystack.begin(), it);
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_lfm2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    const auto is_json_schema_provided = !inputs.json_schema.is_null();
+    const auto is_grammar_provided = !inputs.grammar.empty();
+    const auto are_tools_provided = inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty();
+
+    // the logic requires potentially modifying the messages
+    auto tweaked_messages = inputs.messages;
+
+    auto replace_json_schema_marker = [](json & messages) -> bool {
+        static std::string marker1 = "force json schema.\n";
+        static std::string marker2 = "force json schema.";
+
+        if (messages.empty() || messages.at(0).at("role") != "system") {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::string content = messages.at(0).at("content");
+
+        for (const auto & marker : {marker1, marker2}) {
+            const auto pos = ifind_string(content, marker);
+            if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+                content.replace(pos, marker.length(), "");
+                // inject modified content back into the messages
+                messages.at(0).at("content") = content;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    // Lfm2 model does not natively work with json, but can generally understand the tools structure
+    //
+    // Example of the pytorch dialog structure:
+    //     <|startoftext|><|im_start|>system
+    //     List of tools: <|tool_list_start|>[{"name": "get_candidate_status", "description": "Retrieves the current status of a candidate in the recruitment process", "parameters": {"type": "object", "properties": {"candidate_id": {"type": "string", "description": "Unique identifier for the candidate"}}, "required": ["candidate_id"]}}]<|tool_list_end|><|im_end|>
+    //     <|im_start|>user
+    //     What is the current status of candidate ID 12345?<|im_end|>
+    //     <|im_start|>assistant
+    //     <|tool_call_start|>[get_candidate_status(candidate_id="12345")]<|tool_call_end|>Checking the current status of candidate ID 12345.<|im_end|>
+    //     <|im_start|>tool
+    //     <|tool_response_start|>{"candidate_id": "12345", "status": "Interview Scheduled", "position": "Clinical Research Associate", "date": "2023-11-20"}<|tool_response_end|><|im_end|>
+    //     <|im_start|>assistant
+    //     The candidate with ID 12345 is currently in the "Interview Scheduled" stage for the position of Clinical Research Associate, with an interview date set for 2023-11-20.<|im_end|>
+    //
+    // For the llama server compatibility with json tools semantic,
+    // the client can add "Follow json schema." line into the system message prompt to force the json output.
+    //
+    if (are_tools_provided && (is_json_schema_provided || is_grammar_provided)) {
+        // server/utils.hpp prohibits that branch for the custom grammar anyways
+        throw std::runtime_error("Tools call must not use \"json_schema\" or \"grammar\", use non-tool invocation if you want to use custom grammar");
+    } else if (are_tools_provided && replace_json_schema_marker(tweaked_messages)) {
+        LOG_INF("%s: Using tools to build a grammar\n", __func__);
+
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            auto schemas = json::array();
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                schemas.push_back({
+                    {"type", "object"},
+                    {"properties", {
+                        {"name", {
+                            {"type", "string"},
+                            {"const", function.at("name")},
+                        }},
+                        {"arguments", function.at("parameters")},
+                    }},
+                    {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments", "id"})},
+                });
+            });
+            auto schema = json {
+                {"type", "array"},
+                {"items", schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json {{"anyOf", schemas}}},
+                {"minItems", 1},
+            };
+            if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+                schema["maxItems"] = 1;
+            }
+
+            builder.add_rule("root", "\"<|tool_call_start|>\"" + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema) + "\"<|tool_call_end|>\"");
+        });
+        // model has no concept of tool selection mode choice,
+        // if the system prompt rendered correctly it will produce a tool call
+        // the grammar goes inside the tool call body
+        data.grammar_lazy = true;
+        data.grammar_triggers = {{COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL, "\\s*<\\|tool_call_start\\|>\\s*\\["}};
+        data.preserved_tokens = {"<|tool_call_start|>", "<|tool_call_end|>"};
+        data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LFM2_WITH_JSON_TOOLS;
+    } else if (are_tools_provided && (!is_json_schema_provided && !is_grammar_provided)) {
+        LOG_INF("%s: Using tools without json schema or grammar\n", __func__);
+        // output those tokens
+        data.preserved_tokens = {"<|tool_call_start|>", "<|tool_call_end|>"};
+    } else if (is_json_schema_provided) {
+        LOG_INF("%s: Using provided json schema to build a grammar\n", __func__);
+        data.grammar = json_schema_to_grammar(inputs.json_schema);
+    } else if (is_grammar_provided) {
+        LOG_INF("%s: Using provided grammar\n", __func__);
+        data.grammar = inputs.grammar;
+    } else {
+        LOG_INF("%s: Using content relying on the template\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override= */ tweaked_messages);
+    LOG_DBG("%s: Prompt: %s\n", __func__, data.prompt.c_str());
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_ministral_3(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    // Build up messages to follow the format: https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Ministral-3-14B-Reasoning-2512/blob/main/chat_template.jinja
+    auto adjusted_messages = json::array();
+    for (const auto & msg : inputs.messages) {
+        auto role = msg.value("role", "");
+        if (role != "system" && role != "assistant") {
+            // Only adjust system and assistant messages. Interestingly, the system message may contain thinking.
+            adjusted_messages.push_back(msg);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        auto content = json::array();
+
+        // If message contains `reasoning_content`, add it as a block of type `thinking`
+        if (msg.contains("reasoning_content") && msg.at("reasoning_content").is_string()) {
+            content.push_back({
+                {"type", "thinking"},
+                {"thinking", msg.at("reasoning_content").get<std::string>()},
+            });
+        }
+
+        // If message contains `content`, add it as a block of type `text`
+        if (msg.contains("content")) {
+            if (msg.at("content").is_string()) {
+                content.push_back({
+                    {"type", "text"},
+                    {"text", msg.at("content").get<std::string>()},
+                });
+            } else if (msg.at("content").is_array()) {
+                auto blocks = msg.at("content");
+                content.insert(content.end(), blocks.begin(), blocks.end());
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto adjusted = msg;
+        adjusted["content"] = content;
+        adjusted.erase("reasoning_content");
+        adjusted_messages.push_back(adjusted);
+    }
+
+    auto has_tools = inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty();
+    auto extract_reasoning = inputs.reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE;
+    auto include_grammar = true;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override = */ adjusted_messages);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_NATIVE;
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "[THINK]",
+        "[/THINK]",
+        "[TOOL_CALLS]",
+        "[ARGS]",
+    };
+
+    auto parser = build_chat_peg_native_parser([&](common_chat_peg_native_builder & p) {
+        auto reasoning = extract_reasoning ? p.optional("[THINK]" + p.reasoning(p.until("[/THINK]")) + "[/THINK]") : p.eps();
+
+        // Response format parser
+        if (inputs.json_schema.is_object() && !inputs.json_schema.empty()) {
+            // Ministral wants to emit json surrounded by code fences
+            return reasoning << "```json" << p.content(p.schema(p.json(), "response-format", inputs.json_schema)) << "```";
+        }
+
+        // Tool call parser
+        if (has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE) {
+            auto tool_choice = p.choice();
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                const auto & schema = function.at("parameters");
+
+                tool_choice |= p.rule("tool-" + name,
+                    p.tool_open(p.tool_name(p.literal(name)) + "[ARGS]")
+                    + p.tool_args(p.schema(p.json(), "tool-" + name + "-schema", schema))
+                );
+            });
+
+            auto min_calls = inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED ? 1 : 0;
+            auto max_calls = inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? -1 : 1;
+            auto tool_calls = p.trigger_rule("tool-call", p.repeat("[TOOL_CALLS]" + tool_choice, min_calls, max_calls));
+
+            return reasoning << p.content(p.until("[TOOL_CALLS]")) << tool_calls;
+        }
+
+        // Content only parser
+        include_grammar = false;
+        return reasoning << p.content(p.rest());
+    });
+
+    data.parser = parser.save();
+
+    if (include_grammar) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = has_tools && inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_AUTO;
+
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                auto schema = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(schema);
+            });
+            parser.build_grammar(builder, data.grammar_lazy);
+        });
+
+        data.grammar_triggers = {
+            {COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "[TOOL_CALLS]"}
+        };
+    }
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_magistral(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MAGISTRAL;
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "[THINK]",
+        "[/THINK]",
+    };
+
+    if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            auto schemas = json::array();
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                schemas.push_back({
+                    {"type", "object"},
+                    {"properties", {
+                        {"name", {
+                            {"type", "string"},
+                            {"const", function.at("name")},
+                        }},
+                        {"arguments", function.at("parameters")},
+                        {"id", {
+                            {"type", "string"},
+                            {"pattern", "^[a-zA-Z0-9]{9}$"},
+                        }},
+                    }},
+                    {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments", "id"})},
+                });
+            });
+            auto schema = json {
+                {"type", "array"},
+                {"items", schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json {{"anyOf", schemas}}},
+                {"minItems", 1},
+            };
+            if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+                schema["maxItems"] = 1;
+            }
+            builder.add_rule("root", "\"[TOOL_CALLS]\" " + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema));
+        });
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "[TOOL_CALLS]"});
+        data.preserved_tokens.push_back("[TOOL_CALLS]");
+    } else {
+        data.grammar_lazy = false;
+        if (!inputs.json_schema.is_null()) {
+            if (!inputs.grammar.empty()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Either \"json_schema\" or \"grammar\" can be specified, but not both");
+            }
+            data.grammar = json_schema_to_grammar(inputs.json_schema);
+        } else {
+            data.grammar = inputs.grammar;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_command_r7b(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    auto adjusted_messages = json::array();
+    for (const auto & msg : inputs.messages) {
+        auto has_reasoning_content = msg.contains("reasoning_content") && msg.at("reasoning_content").is_string();
+        auto has_tool_calls = msg.contains("tool_calls") && msg.at("tool_calls").is_array();
+        if (has_reasoning_content && has_tool_calls) {
+            auto adjusted_message = msg;
+            adjusted_message["tool_plan"] = msg.at("reasoning_content");
+            adjusted_message.erase("reasoning_content");
+            adjusted_messages.push_back(adjusted_message);
+        } else {
+            adjusted_messages.push_back(msg);
+        }
+    }
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override= */ adjusted_messages);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B;
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<|START_THINKING|>")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "<|END_THINKING|>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    } else if (!inputs.enable_thinking && string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>")) {
+        data.prompt += "<|START_THINKING|><|END_THINKING|>";
+    }
+
+    data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+    data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+        auto schemas = json::array();
+        foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+            const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+            schemas.push_back({
+                {"type", "object"},
+                {"properties", {
+                    {"tool_call_id", {
+                        {"type", "string"},
+                        // Command-R's template expects an integer string.
+                        {"pattern", "^[0-9]{1,10}$"},
+                    }},
+                    {"tool_name", {
+                        {"type", "string"},
+                        {"const", function.at("name")},
+                    }},
+                    {"parameters", function.at("parameters")},
+                }},
+                {"required", json::array({"tool_call_id", "tool_name", "parameters"})},
+            });
+        });
+        auto schema = json {
+            {"type", "array"},
+            {"items", schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json {{"anyOf", schemas}}},
+            {"minItems", 1},
+        };
+        if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+            schema["maxItems"] = 1;
+        }
+        builder.add_rule("root",
+            std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "( \"<|END_THINKING|>\" space )? " : "") +
+            "\"<|START_ACTION|>\" " + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema) + " \"<|END_ACTION|>\"");
+    });
+    data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+        COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL,
+        // If thinking_forced_open, then we capture the </think> tag in the grammar,
+        // (important for required tool choice) and in the trigger's first capture (decides what is sent to the grammar)
+        std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "[\\s\\S]*?(<\\|END_THINKING\\|>\\s*)" : "(?:<\\|START_THINKING\\|>[\\s\\S]*?<\\|END_THINKING\\|>\\s*)?") +
+            "(<\\|START_ACTION\\|>)[\\s\\S]*"
+    });
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<|START_ACTION|>",
+        "<|END_ACTION|>",
+        "<|START_RESPONSE|>",
+        "<|END_RESPONSE|>",
+        "<|START_THINKING|>",
+        "<|END_THINKING|>",
+    };
+    return data;
+}
+
+static void expect_tool_parameters(const std::string & name, const json & parameters, const std::vector<std::string> & expected_properties) {
+    if (!parameters.is_object() || !parameters.contains("type") || parameters.at("type") != "object" || !parameters.contains("properties") || !parameters.contains("required")) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " must be an object w/ required properties");
+    }
+    const auto & parameters_properties = parameters.at("properties");
+    const auto & parameters_required = parameters.at("required");
+    for (const auto & prop : expected_properties) {
+        if (!parameters_properties.contains(prop)) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " is missing property: " + prop); // NOLINT
+        }
+        if (std::find(parameters_required.begin(), parameters_required.end(), json(prop)) == parameters_required.end()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " must have property marked as required: " + prop); // NOLINT
+        }
+    }
+    if (parameters_properties.size() != expected_properties.size()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " must only have these properties:" + string_join(expected_properties, ", "));
+    }
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_llama_3_x(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs, bool allow_python_tag_builtin_tools) {
+    auto builtin_tools = json::array();
+    common_chat_params data;
+    if (!inputs.tools.is_null()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+
+            auto handle_builtin_tool = [&](const std::string & name, const json & parameters) {
+                if (name == "wolfram_alpha" || name == "web_search" || name == "brave_search") {
+                    // https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/blob/main/llama_stack/providers/remote/tool_runtime/wolfram_alpha/wolfram_alpha.py
+                    // https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/blob/main/llama_stack/providers/remote/tool_runtime/brave_search/brave_search.py
+                    expect_tool_parameters(name, parameters, {"query"});
+                } else if (name == "python" || name == "code_interpreter") {
+                    // https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/blob/main/llama_stack/providers/inline/tool_runtime/code_interpreter/code_interpreter.py
+                    expect_tool_parameters(name, parameters, {"code"});
+                } else {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                std::vector<std::string> kvs;
+                for (const auto & [key, value] : parameters.at("properties").items()) {
+                    kvs.push_back("\"" + key + "=\" " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args-" + key, value)); // NOLINT
+                }
+
+                tool_rules.push_back(
+                    builder.add_rule(
+                        name + "-call",
+                        "\"<|python_tag|>" + name + ".call(\" " + string_join(kvs, " \", \" ") + " \")\""));
+                builtin_tools.push_back(name);
+
+                return true;
+            };
+
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+
+                // https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/tree/main/llama_stack/providers/remote/tool_runtime
+                if (allow_python_tag_builtin_tools) {
+                    handle_builtin_tool(name, parameters);
+                }
+                tool_rules.push_back(
+                    builder.add_rule(
+                        name + "-call",
+                        "\"{\" space "
+                        "( \"\\\"type\\\"\"       space \":\" space \"\\\"function\\\"\"     space \",\" space )? "
+                        "  \"\\\"name\\\"\"       space \":\" space \"\\\"" + name + "\\\"\" space \",\" space "
+                        "  \"\\\"parameters\\\"\" space \":\" space " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) + " "
+                        "\"}\" space"));
+            });
+            // Small models may hallucinate function names so we match anything (*at the start*) that looks like the JSON of a function call, regardless of the name.
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL,
+                "(\\{\\s*(?:\"type\"\\s*:\\s*\"function\"\\s*,\\s*)?\"name\"\\s*:\\s*\")[\\s\\S]*", // + name + "\"[\\s\\S]*",
+            });
+            if (!builtin_tools.empty()) {
+                data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<|python_tag|>"});
+                data.preserved_tokens.push_back("<|python_tag|>");
+            }
+            // Allow a few empty lines on top of the usual constrained json schema space rule.
+            builder.add_rule("root", string_join(tool_rules, " | "));
+            data.additional_stops.push_back("<|eom_id|>");
+        });
+        data.format = allow_python_tag_builtin_tools && !builtin_tools.empty()
+            ? COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X_WITH_BUILTIN_TOOLS
+            : COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X;
+    } else {
+        data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
+    }
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override =*/ std::nullopt, /* tools_override= */ std::nullopt, json {
+        {"date_string", format_time(inputs.now, "%d %b %Y")},
+        {"tools_in_user_message", false},
+        {"builtin_tools", builtin_tools},
+    });
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_nemotron_v2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    // Generate the prompt using the apply() function with the template
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_NEMOTRON_V2;
+
+    // Handle thinking tags appropriately based on inputs.enable_thinking
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>\n")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "</think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // When tools are present, build grammar for the <TOOLCALL> format, similar to CommandR, but without tool call ID
+    if (!inputs.tools.is_null() && inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = true;
+        data.grammar      = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            auto schemas = json::array();
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                schemas.push_back({
+                    { "type",       "object"                                                   },
+                    { "properties",
+                        {
+                            { "name",
+                            {
+                                { "type", "string" },
+                                { "const", function.at("name") },
+                            } },
+                            { "arguments", function.at("parameters") },
+                        }                                                                        },
+                    { "required",   json::array({ "name", "arguments" }) },
+                });
+            });
+            auto schema = json{
+                        { "type",     "array"                                                         },
+                        { "items",    schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json{ { "anyOf", schemas } } },
+                        { "minItems", 1                                                               },
+            };
+            if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+                schema["maxItems"] = 1;
+            }
+            builder.add_rule("root",
+                                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "( \"</think>\" space )? " : "") +
+                                    "\"<TOOLCALL>\" " + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema) +
+                                    " \"</TOOLCALL>\"");
+        });
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({ COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL,
+            // If thinking_forced_open, then we capture the </think> tag in the grammar,
+            // (important for required tool choice) and in the trigger's first capture (decides what is sent to the grammar)
+            std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ?
+                            "[\\s\\S]*?(</think>\\s*)" :
+                            "(?:<think>[\\s\\S]*?</think>\\s*)?") +
+                "(<TOOLCALL>)[\\s\\S]*" });
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_qwen3_coder(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_CONSTRUCTED;
+
+    // Nemotron Nano 3 and Step-3.5-Flash use the Qwen3 Coder tool calling with thinking
+    bool supports_reasoning = (tmpl.source().find("<think>") != std::string::npos);
+
+    // Handle thinking tags appropriately based on inputs.enable_thinking
+    if (supports_reasoning && string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>\n")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "</think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<tool_call>",
+        "</tool_call>",
+    };
+
+    if (supports_reasoning) {
+        data.preserved_tokens.insert(data.preserved_tokens.end(), {"<think>", "</think>"});
+    }
+
+    auto has_tools = inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty();
+    auto extract_reasoning = inputs.reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE;
+    auto include_grammar = true;
+
+    auto parser = build_chat_peg_constructed_parser([&](auto & p) {
+        auto reasoning = p.eps();
+        if (supports_reasoning && inputs.enable_thinking && extract_reasoning) {
+            auto reasoning_content = p.reasoning(p.until("</think>")) + ("</think>" | p.end());
+            if (data.thinking_forced_open) {
+                reasoning = reasoning_content;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Response format parser
+        if (inputs.json_schema.is_object() && !inputs.json_schema.empty()) {
+            return reasoning << p.content(p.schema(p.json(), "response-format", inputs.json_schema));
+        }
+
+        // Tool call parser
+        if (has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE) {
+            auto tool_choice = p.choice();
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
+
+                auto schema_info = common_schema_info();
+                schema_info.resolve_refs(parameters);
+
+                auto tool_open = "<function=" + p.tool_name(p.literal(name)) + ">\n";
+                auto tool_close = p.literal("</function>\n");
+                auto args = p.sequence();
+                auto arg_string = p.rule("xml-arg-string", p.until_one_of({
+                    "\n</parameter>",
+                    "\n<parameter=",
+                    "\n</function>"
+                }));
+
+                foreach_parameter(function, [&](const auto & param_name, const json & param_schema, bool is_required) {
+                    auto rule_name = "tool-" + name + "-arg-" + param_name;
+
+                    auto arg_open = "<parameter=" + p.tool_arg_name(p.literal(param_name)) + ">\n";
+                    auto arg_close = p.literal("</parameter>\n");
+                    auto arg_value = p.eps();
+
+                    if (schema_info.resolves_to_string(param_schema)) {
+                        arg_value = p.tool_arg_string_value(arg_string) + "\n";
+                    } else {
+                        arg_value = p.tool_arg_json_value(p.schema(p.json(), rule_name + "-schema", param_schema));
+                    }
+
+                    // Model may or my not close with </parameter>
+                    auto arg_rule = p.rule(rule_name, p.tool_arg_open(arg_open) + arg_value + p.optional(p.tool_arg_close(arg_close)));
+                    args += p.repeat(arg_rule, /* min = */ is_required ? 1 : 0, /* max = */ 1);
+                });
+
+                tool_choice |= p.rule("tool-" + name, p.tool_open(tool_open) + args + p.tool_close(tool_close));
+            });
+
+            auto min_calls = inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED ? 1 : 0;
+            auto max_calls = inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? -1 : 1;
+            auto tool_call = p.rule("tool-call", "<tool_call>\n" + tool_choice + "</tool_call>" + p.space());
+            auto tool_calls = p.trigger_rule("tool-call-root", p.repeat(tool_call, /* min = */ min_calls, /* max = */ max_calls));
+
+            return reasoning << p.content(p.until("<tool_call>")) << tool_calls;
+        }
+
+        // Content only parser
+        include_grammar = false;
+        return reasoning << p.content(p.rest());
+    });
+
+    data.parser = parser.save();
+
+    if (include_grammar) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = has_tools && inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_AUTO;
+
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                auto schema = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(schema);
+            });
+            parser.build_grammar(builder, data.grammar_lazy);
+        });
+
+        data.grammar_triggers = {
+            {COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<tool_call>"}
+        };
+    }
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_apertus(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    // Generate the prompt using the apply() function with the template
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_APERTUS;
+
+    // Handle thinking tags appropriately based on inputs.enable_thinking
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<|inner_prefix|>")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "<|inner_suffix|>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // When tools are present, build grammar for the <|tools_prefix|> format
+    if (!inputs.tools.is_null() && inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = true;
+        data.grammar      = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            auto schemas = json::array();
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                schemas.push_back({
+                    { "type",       "object"                                                   },
+                    { "properties",
+                        {
+                            { function.at("name"), function.at("parameters") }
+                        }                                                                        },
+                    { "required",   json::array({ function.at("name") }) },
+                });
+            });
+            auto schema = json{
+                        { "type",     "array"                                                         },
+                        { "items",    schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json{ { "anyOf", schemas } } },
+                        { "minItems", 1                                                               },
+            };
+            if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+                schema["maxItems"] = 1;
+            }
+            builder.add_rule("root",
+                                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "( \"<|inner_suffix|>\" space )? " : "") +
+                                    "\"<|tools_prefix|>\"" + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema) + "\"<|tools_suffix|>\"");
+                            });
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({ COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL,
+            // If thinking_forced_open, then we capture the <|inner_suffix|> tag in the grammar,
+            // (important for required tool choice) and in the trigger's first capture (decides what is sent to the grammar)
+            std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ?
+                            "[\\s\\S]*?(<\\|inner_suffix\\|>\\s*)" :
+                            "(?:<\\|inner_prefix\\|>[\\s\\S]*?<\\|inner_suffix\\|>\\s*)?") +
+                "(<\\|tools_prefix\\|>)[\\s\\S]*" });
+        data.preserved_tokens = {
+            "<|system_start|>",
+            "<|system_end|>",
+            "<|developer_start|>",
+            "<|developer_end|>",
+            "<|user_start|>",
+            "<|user_end|>",
+            "<|assistant_start|>",
+            "<|assistant_end|>",
+            "<|inner_prefix|>",
+            "<|inner_suffix|>",
+            "<|tools_prefix|>",
+            "<|tools_suffix|>",
+        };
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_deepseek_r1(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    auto prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+
+    // Hacks to fix the official (broken) prompt.
+    // It is advisable to use --chat-template-file models/templates/llama-cpp-deepseek-r1.jinja instead,
+    // until the official template is fixed.
+    if (tmpl.source().find("{% if ns.is_tool %}{{'<｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>'}}") != std::string::npos) {
+        // Don't leave the chat dangling after tool results
+        if (string_ends_with(prompt, "<｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>")) {
+            prompt += "<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>";
+            if (inputs.add_generation_prompt) {
+                prompt += "<｜Assistant｜>";
+            }
+        }
+        // Fix up tool call delta example added by Minja
+        prompt = std::regex_replace(
+            prompt,
+            std::regex("(<｜tool▁call▁end｜>)[\\s\\r\\n]*(<｜tool▁outputs▁begin｜>|<｜User｜>)"),
+            "$1<｜tool▁calls▁end｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜>$2");
+    }
+    data.prompt = prompt;
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1;
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>\n")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "</think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED && inputs.json_schema.is_null();
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call",
+                    "( \"<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>\" )? \"function<｜tool▁sep｜>" + name + "\\n"
+                    "```json\\n\" " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) + " "
+                    "\"```<｜tool▁call▁end｜>\""));
+            });
+            // Distill Qwen 7B & 32B models seem confused re/ syntax of their tool call opening tag,
+            // so we accept common variants (then it's all constrained)
+            builder.add_rule("root",
+                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "( \"</think>\" space )? " : "") +
+                "( \"<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool_calls_begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool calls begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool\\\\_calls\\\\_begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool▁calls｜>\" ) "
+                "(" + string_join(tool_rules, " | ") + ")" + (inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "*" : "") + " "
+                "\"<｜tool▁calls▁end｜>\""
+                " space");
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL,
+                // If thinking_forced_open, then we capture the </think> tag in the grammar,
+                // (important for required tool choice) and in the trigger's first capture (decides what is sent to the grammar)
+                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "[\\s\\S]*?(</think>\\s*)" : "(?:<think>[\\s\\S]*?</think>\\s*)?") +
+                    "(<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>|<｜tool_calls_begin｜>|<｜tool calls begin｜>|<｜tool\\\\_calls\\\\_begin｜>|<｜tool▁calls｜>)[\\s\\S]*"
+            });
+            data.preserved_tokens = {
+                "<think>",
+                "</think>",
+                "<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁sep｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁call▁end｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁calls▁end｜",
+            };
+        });
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_deepseek_v3_1(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    // Pass thinking context for DeepSeek V3.1 template
+    json additional_context = {
+        {"thinking", inputs.enable_thinking},
+    };
+
+    auto prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs,
+                       /* messages_override= */ inputs.messages,
+                       /* tools_override= */ std::nullopt,
+                       additional_context);
+    data.prompt = prompt;
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_V3_1;
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "</think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED && inputs.json_schema.is_null();
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call",
+                    "( \"<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>\" )? \"" + name + "<｜tool▁sep｜>"
+                    "\" " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) + " "
+                    "\"<｜tool▁call▁end｜>\""));
+            });
+            // Distill Qwen 7B & 32B models seem confused re/ syntax of their tool call opening tag,
+            // so we accept common variants (then it's all constrained)
+            builder.add_rule("root",
+                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "( \"</think>\" space )? " : "") +
+                "( \"<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool_calls_begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool calls begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool\\\\_calls\\\\_begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool▁calls｜>\" ) "
+                "(" + string_join(tool_rules, " | ") + ")" + (inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "*" : "") + " "
+                "\"<｜tool▁calls▁end｜>\""
+                " space");
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL,
+                // If thinking_forced_open, then we capture the </think> tag in the grammar,
+                // (important for required tool choice) and in the trigger's first capture (decides what is sent to the grammar)
+                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "[\\s\\S]*?(</think>\\s*)" : "(?:<think>[\\s\\S]*?</think>\\s*)?") +
+                    "(<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>|<｜tool_calls_begin｜>|<｜tool calls begin｜>|<｜tool\\\\_calls\\\\_begin｜>|<｜tool▁calls｜>)[\\s\\S]*"
+            });
+            data.preserved_tokens = {
+                "<think>",
+                "</think>",
+                "<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁sep｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁call▁end｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁calls▁end｜>",
+            };
+        });
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_minimax_m2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & params) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty() && params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MINIMAX_M2;
+
+    // Handle thinking tags based on prompt ending
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>\n")) {
+        if (!params.enable_thinking) {
+            // Close the thinking tag immediately if thinking is disabled
+            data.prompt += "</think>\n\n";
+        } else {
+            // Mark thinking as forced open (template started with <think>)
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Preserve MiniMax-M2 special tokens
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<think>",
+        "</think>",
+        "<minimax:tool_call>",
+        "</minimax:tool_call>",
+    };
+
+    // build grammar for tool call
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form {
+        /* form.scope_start = */ "<minimax:tool_call>\n",
+        /* form.tool_start  = */ "<invoke name=\"",
+        /* form.tool_sep    = */ "\">\n",
+        /* form.key_start   = */ "<parameter name=\"",
+        /* form.key_val_sep = */ "\">",
+        /* form.val_end     = */ "</parameter>\n",
+        /* form.tool_end    = */ "</invoke>\n",
+        /* form.scope_end   = */ "</minimax:tool_call>",
+    };
+    build_grammar_xml_tool_call(data, params.tools, form);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_kimi_k2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & params) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty() && params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_KIMI_K2;
+
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<think>",
+        "</think>",
+        "<|tool_calls_section_begin|>",
+        "<|tool_call_begin|>",
+        "<|tool_call_argument_begin|>",
+        "<|tool_call_end|>",
+        "<|tool_calls_section_end|>",
+        "<|im_end|>",
+        "<|im_system|>",
+        "<|im_middle|>",
+    };
+
+    data.additional_stops.insert(data.additional_stops.end(), {
+        "<|im_end|>",
+        "<|im_middle|>"
+    });
+    // build grammar for tool call
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form = ([]() {
+        xml_tool_call_format form {};
+        form.scope_start = "<|tool_calls_section_begin|>";
+        form.tool_start  = "<|tool_call_begin|>";
+        form.tool_sep    = "<|tool_call_argument_begin|>{";
+        form.key_start   = "\"";
+        form.key_val_sep = "\": ";
+        form.val_end     = ", ";
+        form.tool_end    = "}<|tool_call_end|>";
+        form.scope_end   = "<|tool_calls_section_end|>";
+        form.raw_argval  = false;
+        form.last_val_end = "";
+        return form;
+    })();
+    build_grammar_xml_tool_call(data, params.tools, form);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_apriel_1_5(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & params) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty() && params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_APRIEL_1_5;
+
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<thinking>",
+        "</thinking>",
+        "<tool_calls>",
+        "</tool_calls>",
+    };
+
+    // build grammar for tool call
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form = ([]() {
+        xml_tool_call_format form {};
+        form.scope_start = "<tool_calls>[";
+        form.tool_start  = "{\"name\": \"";
+        form.tool_sep    = "\", \"arguments\": {";
+        form.key_start   = "\"";
+        form.key_val_sep = "\": ";
+        form.val_end     = ", ";
+        form.tool_end    = "}, ";
+        form.scope_end   = "]</tool_calls>";
+        form.raw_argval  = false;
+        form.last_val_end = "";
+        form.last_tool_end = "}";
+        return form;
+    })();
+    build_grammar_xml_tool_call(data, params.tools, form);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_xiaomi_mimo(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & params) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty() && params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_XIAOMI_MIMO;
+
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<tool_call>",
+        "</tool_call>",
+    };
+
+    // build grammar for tool call
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form = ([]() {
+        xml_tool_call_format form {};
+        form.scope_start = "\n";
+        form.tool_start  = "<tool_call>\n{\"name\": \"";
+        form.tool_sep    = "\", \"arguments\": {";
+        form.key_start   = "\"";
+        form.key_val_sep = "\": ";
+        form.val_end     = ", ";
+        form.tool_end    = "}\n</tool_call>";
+        form.scope_end   = "";
+        form.raw_argval  = false;
+        form.last_val_end = "";
+        return form;
+    })();
+    build_grammar_xml_tool_call(data, params.tools, form);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    // Copy reasoning to the "thinking" field as expected by the gpt-oss template
+    auto adjusted_messages = json::array();
+    for (const auto & msg : inputs.messages) {
+        auto has_reasoning_content = msg.contains("reasoning_content") && msg.at("reasoning_content").is_string();
+        auto has_tool_calls = msg.contains("tool_calls") && msg.at("tool_calls").is_array();
+
+        if (has_reasoning_content && has_tool_calls) {
+            auto adjusted_message = msg;
+            adjusted_message["thinking"] = msg.at("reasoning_content");
+            adjusted_message.erase("content");
+            adjusted_messages.push_back(adjusted_message);
+        } else {
+            adjusted_messages.push_back(msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override= */ adjusted_messages);
+
+    // Check if we need to replace the return token with end token during
+    // inference and without generation prompt. For more details see:
+    // https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/15417
+    if (inputs.is_inference && !inputs.add_generation_prompt) {
+        static constexpr std::string_view return_token = "<|return|>";
+        static constexpr std::string_view end_token    = "<|end|>";
+        if (size_t pos = prompt.rfind(return_token); pos != std::string::npos) {
+            prompt.replace(pos, return_token.length(), end_token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    data.prompt = prompt;
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GPT_OSS;
+
+    // These special tokens are required to parse properly, so we include them
+    // even if parse_tool_calls is false.
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<|channel|>",
+        "<|constrain|>",
+        "<|message|>",
+        "<|start|>",
+        "<|end|>",
+    };
+
+    if (!inputs.json_schema.is_null()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = false;
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            auto schema = inputs.json_schema;
+            builder.resolve_refs(schema);
+
+            auto not_end = builder.add_rule("not-end",
+                "[^<] | \"<\" [^|] | \"<|\" [^e] | \"<|e\" [^n] | \"<|en\" [^d] | \"<|end\" [^|] | \"<|end|\" [^>]");
+            auto analysis = builder.add_rule("analysis",
+                "\"<|channel|>analysis<|message|>\" ( " + not_end + " )* \"<|end|>\"");
+            auto constraint = builder.add_rule("constraint", "\"<|constrain|>\"? [a-zA-Z0-9_-]+");
+            auto final = builder.add_rule("final",
+                "\"<|channel|>final\" ( \" \" " + constraint + " )? \"<|message|>\" " +
+                builder.add_schema("response", schema)
+            );
+
+            builder.add_rule("root", "( " + analysis + " \"<|start|>assistant\" )? " + final);
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            // tool calls can appear in commentary or analysis channels
+            auto channel = builder.add_rule("channel", "\"<|channel|>\" ( \"commentary\" | \"analysis\" )");
+
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules_recipient_in_role;
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules_recipient_in_channel;
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+
+                tool_rules_recipient_in_role.push_back(
+                    builder.add_rule(name + "-call",
+                        "\"" + name + "\"" + channel + " \" <|constrain|>json\"? \"<|message|>\" " +
+                        builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters)
+                    )
+                );
+
+                tool_rules_recipient_in_channel.push_back(
+                    builder.add_rule(name + "-call",
+                        "\"" + name + "\"" + " \" <|constrain|>json\"? \"<|message|>\" " +
+                        builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters)
+                    )
+                );
+            });
+
+            auto recipient_in_channel = builder.add_rule("recipient_in_channel",
+                channel + " \" to=functions.\" ( " +
+                string_join(tool_rules_recipient_in_channel, " | ") + " )"
+            );
+
+            if (data.grammar_lazy) {
+                auto recipient_in_role = builder.add_rule("recipient_in_role",
+                    "\"<|start|>assistant\"? \" to=functions.\" ( " +
+                    string_join(tool_rules_recipient_in_role, " | ") + " )"
+                );
+
+                builder.add_rule("root", recipient_in_role + " | " + recipient_in_channel);
+            } else {
+                auto not_end = builder.add_rule("not-end",
+                    "[^<] | \"<\" [^|] | \"<|\" [^e] | \"<|e\" [^n] | \"<|en\" [^d] | \"<|end\" [^|] | \"<|end|\" [^>]");
+                auto analysis = builder.add_rule("analysis",
+                    "\"<|channel|>analysis<|message|>\" ( " + not_end + " )* \"<|end|>\"");
+                auto commentary = builder.add_rule("commentary",
+                    "\"<|channel|>commentary<|message|>\" ( " + not_end + " )* \"<|end|>\"");
+
+                auto recipient_in_role = builder.add_rule("recipient_in_role",
+                    "\" to=functions.\" ( " + string_join(tool_rules_recipient_in_role, " | ") + " )"
+                );
+
+                builder.add_rule("root",
+                    "( " + analysis + " \"<|start|>assistant\" )? " +
+                    "( " + commentary + " \"<|start|>assistant\" )? " +
+                    "( " + recipient_in_role + " | " + recipient_in_channel + " )"
+                );
+            }
+
+            // Trigger on tool calls that appear in the commentary channel
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN,
+                "<\\|channel\\|>(?:commentary|analysis) to"
+            });
+
+            // Trigger tool calls that appear in the role section, either at the
+            // start or in the middle.
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL,
+                "^ to"
+            });
+
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN,
+                "<\\|start\\|>assistant to"
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_glm_4_5(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty() && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+
+    std::string prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+
+    // match the existing trimming behavior
+    if (inputs.add_bos && string_starts_with(prompt, tmpl.bos_token())) {
+        prompt.erase(0, tmpl.bos_token().size());
+    }
+    if (inputs.add_eos && string_ends_with(prompt, tmpl.eos_token())) {
+        prompt.erase(prompt.size() - tmpl.eos_token().size());
+    }
+    if (string_ends_with(prompt, "<think>")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            prompt += "</think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // add GLM preserved tokens
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<|endoftext|>",
+        "[MASK]",
+        "[gMASK]",
+        "[sMASK]",
+        "<sop>",
+        "<eop>",
+        "<|system|>",
+        "<|user|>",
+        "<|assistant|>",
+        "<|observation|>",
+        "<|begin_of_image|>",
+        "<|end_of_image|>",
+        "<|begin_of_video|>",
+        "<|end_of_video|>",
+        "<|begin_of_audio|>",
+        "<|end_of_audio|>",
+        "<|begin_of_transcription|>",
+        "<|end_of_transcription|>",
+        "<|code_prefix|>",
+        "<|code_middle|>",
+        "<|code_suffix|>",
+        "/nothink",
+        "<think>",
+        "</think>",
+        "<tool_call>",
+        "</tool_call>",
+        "<arg_key>",
+        "</arg_key>",
+        "<arg_value>",
+        "</arg_value>"
+    };
+
+    // extra GLM 4.5 stop word
+    data.additional_stops.insert(data.additional_stops.end(), {
+        "<|user|>",
+        "<|observation|>"
+    });
+
+    // build grammar for tool call
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form {
+        /* form.scope_start = */ "",
+        /* form.tool_start  = */ "\n<tool_call>",
+        /* form.tool_sep    = */ "\n",
+        /* form.key_start   = */ "<arg_key>",
+        /* form.key_val_sep = */ "</arg_key>\n<arg_value>",
+        /* form.val_end     = */ "</arg_value>\n",
+        /* form.tool_end    = */ "</tool_call>\n",
+        /* form.scope_end   = */ "",
+    };
+    build_grammar_xml_tool_call(data, inputs.tools, form);
+
+    data.prompt = prompt;
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GLM_4_5;
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_firefunction_v2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    LOG_DBG("%s\n", __func__);
+    common_chat_params data;
+    const std::optional<json> additional_context = json {
+        {"datetime", format_time(inputs.now, "%b %d %Y %H:%M:%S GMT")},
+        {"functions", json(inputs.tools.empty() ? "" : inputs.tools.dump(2))},
+    };
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override =*/ std::nullopt, /* tools_override =*/ std::nullopt, additional_context);
+    if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            auto schemas = json::array();
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                schemas.push_back({
+                    {"type", "object"},
+                    {"properties", {
+                        {"name", {
+                            {"type", "string"},
+                            {"const", function.at("name")},
+                        }},
+                        {"arguments", function.at("parameters")},
+                    }},
+                    {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments", "id"})},
+                });
+            });
+            auto schema = json {
+                {"type", "array"},
+                {"items", schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json {{"anyOf", schemas}}},
+                {"minItems", 1},
+            };
+            if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+                schema["maxItems"] = 1;
+            }
+            builder.add_rule("root", "\" functools\"? " + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema));
+        });
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, " functools["});
+        data.preserved_tokens = {
+            " functools[",
+        };
+        data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2;
+    } else {
+        data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    // >>>all\nlet's call functions>>>fn1\n{"arg1": 1...}\n>>>fn2\n{"arg1": 1...}...
+    // Using ">>>f1\n", ">>>f2\n"... as trigger words for the grammar
+    // If the function is python, we also allow raw python code (if the line after `python\n` doesn't start w/ opening `{`), which the model seems to prefer for multiline code.
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2;
+    if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> first_tool_rules;
+            std::vector<std::string> subsequent_tool_rules;
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+                std::string args_pattern = "[\\s\\S]*";
+                auto args_rule = builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters);
+                if (name == "python") {
+                    args_rule = builder.add_rule(name + "-maybe-raw-args", args_rule + " | [^{] .*");
+                } else {
+                    args_pattern = "\\{" + args_pattern;
+                }
+                auto call_rule = builder.add_rule(name + "-call", "\"" + name + "\\n\" " + args_rule);
+                first_tool_rules.push_back(call_rule);
+                if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+                    subsequent_tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call2", "\">>>\" " + call_rule));
+                }
+                data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                    COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL,
+                    "((?:[\\s\\S]+?>>>)?" + regex_escape(name) + "\n)" + args_pattern,
+                });
+            });
+            data.preserved_tokens = {
+                "<|end_header_id|>",
+            };
+            auto first_rule = first_tool_rules.empty() ? "" : builder.add_rule("first_tool_call", string_join(first_tool_rules, " | ")) + " space";
+            if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+                auto subsequent_rule = builder.add_rule("subsequent_tool_call", string_join(subsequent_tool_rules, " | ")) + " space";
+                builder.add_rule("root", first_rule + " (" + subsequent_rule + ")*");
+            } else {
+                builder.add_rule("root", first_rule);
+            }
+
+        });
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_1_llama_3_1(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    // https://github.com/MeetKai/functionary/blob/main/tests/prompt_test_v3-llama3.1.txt
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    if (!inputs.tools.is_null()) {
+        std::string python_code_argument_name;
+        auto has_raw_python = false;
+
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                const auto & parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                if (name == "python" || name == "ipython") {
+                    if (!parameters.contains("type")) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error("Missing type in python tool");
+                    }
+                    has_raw_python = true;
+                    const auto & type = parameters.at("type");
+                    if (type == "object") {
+                        auto properties = parameters.at("properties");
+                        for (auto it = properties.begin(); it != properties.end(); ++it) {
+                            if (it.value().at("type") == "string") {
+                                if (!python_code_argument_name.empty()) {
+                                    throw std::runtime_error("Multiple string arguments found in python tool");
+                                }
+                                python_code_argument_name = it.key();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (python_code_argument_name.empty()) {
+                            throw std::runtime_error("No string argument found in python tool");
+                        }
+                    } else if (type != "string") {
+                        throw std::runtime_error("Invalid type in python tool: " + type.dump());
+                    }
+                }
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call", "\"<function=" + name + ">\" " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) + " \"</function>\" space"));
+            });
+            if (has_raw_python) {
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule("python-call", "\"<|python_tag|>\" .*"));
+                data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<|python_tag|>"});
+                data.preserved_tokens.push_back("<|python_tag|>");
+            }
+            auto tool_call = builder.add_rule("tool_call", string_join(tool_rules, " | ")) + " space";
+            builder.add_rule("root", inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "(" + tool_call + ")+" : tool_call);
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<function="});
+        });
+        data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1;
+    } else {
+        data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
+    }
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    // TODO: if (has_raw_python)
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_hermes_2_pro(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    json extra_context = json {
+        {"enable_thinking", inputs.enable_thinking},
+    };
+    extra_context.update(inputs.extra_context);
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override =*/ std::nullopt, /* tools_override= */ std::nullopt, extra_context);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO;
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>\n")) {
+        if (!extra_context["enable_thinking"]) {
+            data.prompt += "</think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!inputs.tools.is_null()) {
+        // (content)?(<tool_call>{"name": "foo", "arguments": {"a": 1}}</tool_call>)*
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_call_alts;
+            std::vector<std::string> escaped_names;
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_schema(name + "-call", {
+                    {"type", "object"},
+                    {"properties", json {
+                        {"name", json {{"const", name}}},
+                        {"arguments", parameters},
+                    }},
+                    {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments"})},
+                }));
+                tool_call_alts.push_back(builder.add_rule(
+                    name + "-function-tag",
+                    "\"<function\" ( \"=" + name + "\" | \" name=\\\"" + name + "\\\"\" ) \">\" space " +
+                    builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) + " "
+                    "\"</function>\" space"));
+
+                data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                    COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD,
+                    "<function=" + name + ">",
+                });
+                auto escaped_name = regex_escape(name);
+                data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                    COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN,
+                    "<function\\s+name\\s*=\\s*\"" + escaped_name + "\"",
+                });
+                escaped_names.push_back(escaped_name);
+            });
+            auto any_tool_call = builder.add_rule("any_tool_call", "( " + string_join(tool_rules, " | ") + " ) space");
+            std::vector<std::string> alt_tags {
+                any_tool_call,
+                "\"<tool_call>\" space "     + any_tool_call + " \"</tool_call>\"",
+                // The rest is just to accommodate common "good bad" outputs.
+                "\"<function_call>\" space " + any_tool_call + " \"</function_call>\"",
+                "\"<response>\"  space "     + any_tool_call + " \"</response>\"",
+                "\"<tools>\"     space "     + any_tool_call + " \"</tools>\"",
+                "\"<json>\"      space "     + any_tool_call + " \"</json>\"",
+                "\"<xml>\"      space "     + any_tool_call + " \"</xml>\"",
+                "\"<JSON>\"      space "     + any_tool_call + " \"</JSON>\"",
+            };
+            auto wrappable_tool_call = builder.add_rule("wrappable_tool_call", "( " + string_join(alt_tags, " | ") + " ) space");
+            tool_call_alts.push_back(wrappable_tool_call);
+            tool_call_alts.push_back(
+                "( \"```\\n\" | \"```json\\n\" | \"```xml\\n\" ) space " + wrappable_tool_call + " space \"```\" space ");
+            auto tool_call = builder.add_rule("tool_call", string_join(tool_call_alts, " | "));
+            builder.add_rule("root",
+                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "( \"</think>\" space )? " : "") +
+                (inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "(" + tool_call + ")+" : tool_call));
+            // Trigger on some common known "good bad" outputs (only from the start and with a json that's about a specific argument name to avoid false positives)
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN,
+                // If thinking_forced_open, then we capture the </think> tag in the grammar,
+                // (important for required tool choice) and in the trigger's first capture (decides what is sent to the grammar)
+                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "(</think>\\s*)" : "") + (
+                    "\\s*("
+                    "(?:<tool_call>"
+                    "|<function"
+                    "|(?:```(?:json|xml)?\n\\s*)?(?:<function_call>|<tools>|<xml><json>|<response>)?"
+                    "\\s*\\{\\s*\"name\"\\s*:\\s*\"(?:" + string_join(escaped_names, "|") + ")\""
+                    ")"
+                    ")"
+                ),
+            });
+            data.preserved_tokens = {
+                "<think>",
+                "</think>",
+                "<tool_call>",
+                "</tool_call>",
+                "<function",
+                "<tools>",
+                "</tools>",
+                "<response>",
+                "</response>",
+                "<function_call>",
+                "</function_call>",
+                "<json>",
+                "</json>",
+                "<JSON>",
+                "</JSON>",
+                "```",
+                "```json",
+                "```xml",
+            };
+        });
+    }
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_granite(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    // Pass thinking context for Granite template
+    json additional_context = {
+        {"thinking", inputs.enable_thinking},
+    };
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override= */ std::nullopt, /* tools_override= */ std::nullopt, additional_context);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GRANITE;
+
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>\n") || string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "</think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!inputs.tools.is_null()) {
+        // Granite uses <|tool_call|> followed by JSON list
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call", builder.add_schema(name +
+"-args", {
+                    {"type", "object"},
+                    {"properties", {
+                        {"name", {{"const", name}}},
+                        {"arguments", parameters},
+                    }},
+                    {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments"})},
+                })));
+            });
+
+            auto tool_call = builder.add_rule("tool_call", string_join(tool_rules, " | "));
+            auto tool_list = builder.add_rule("tool_list", "\"[\" space " + tool_call + " (\",\" space " + tool_call + ")* space \"]\"");
+
+            if (data.thinking_forced_open) {
+                builder.add_rule("root", "\"</think>\" space \"<response>\" space [^<]* \"</response>\" space \"<|tool_call|>\" space " + tool_list);
+            } else {
+                builder.add_rule("root", "\"<|tool_call|>\" space " + tool_list);
+            }
+
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD,
+                "<|tool_call|>"
+            });
+
+            data.preserved_tokens = {
+                "<think>",
+                "</think>",
+                "<response>",
+                "</response>",
+                "<|tool_call|>",
+            };
+        });
+    } else {
+        // Handle thinking tags for non-tool responses
+        if (data.thinking_forced_open && inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.grammar_lazy = false;
+            data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+                builder.add_rule("root", "\"</think>\" space \"<response>\" space .* \"</response>\" space");
+            });
+            data.preserved_tokens = {
+                "<think>",
+                "</think>",
+                "<response>",
+                "</response>",
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_solar_open(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    // Copy `reasoning_content` to `reasoning`
+    auto adjusted_messages = json::array();
+    for (const auto & msg : inputs.messages) {
+        if (msg.contains("reasoning_content") && msg.at("reasoning_content").is_string()) {
+            auto adjusted_message = msg;
+            adjusted_message["reasoning"] = msg.at("reasoning_content");
+            adjusted_message.erase("reasoning_content");
+            adjusted_messages.push_back(adjusted_message);
+        } else {
+            adjusted_messages.push_back(msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto has_tools = inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty();
+    auto include_grammar = true;
+
+    auto prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override= */ adjusted_messages);
+
+    // Check if we need to replace the flush token with end token during inference and without generation prompt.
+    if (inputs.is_inference && !inputs.add_generation_prompt) {
+        static constexpr std::string_view return_token = "<|flush|>";
+        static constexpr std::string_view end_token    = "<|end|>";
+        if (size_t pos = prompt.rfind(return_token); pos != std::string::npos) {
+            prompt.replace(pos, return_token.length(), end_token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    data.prompt = prompt;
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_NATIVE;
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<|think|>",
+        "<|content|>",
+        "<|begin|>",
+        "<|end|>",
+        "<|tool_calls|>",
+        "<|tool_call:begin|>",
+        "<|tool_call:end|>",
+        "<|tool_call:name|>",
+        "<|tool_call:args|>",
+    };
+
+    auto parser = build_chat_peg_native_parser([&](common_chat_peg_native_builder & p) {
+        auto lit_think = p.atomic(p.literal("<|think|>"));
+        auto lit_assistant_begin = p.atomic(p.literal("<|begin|>assistant"));
+        auto lit_content = p.atomic(p.literal("<|content|>"));
+        auto lit_end = p.atomic(p.literal("<|end|>"));
+        auto parser_until_end = p.until("<|end|>");
+
+        // reasoning <- "<|think|>" (!"<|end|>" .)*
+        auto parser_reasoning = p.rule("reasoning", lit_think + p.reasoning(parser_until_end));
+
+        // content <- "<|content|>" (!"<|end|>" .)*
+        auto parser_content = p.rule("content", lit_content + p.content(parser_until_end));
+
+        // wrap_choice(items) <- item-choice wrapped*
+        // item-choice        <- items[0] / ... / items[n]
+        // wrapped            <- "<|end|><|begin|>assistant" item-choice
+        auto wrap_choice = [&](const std::vector<common_peg_parser> & items) {
+            auto choice = p.choice(items);
+            return choice + p.zero_or_more(lit_end + lit_assistant_begin + choice);
+        };
+
+        // wrap_seq(items) <- item[0] "<|end|><|begin|>assistant" item[1] ...
+        auto wrap_seq = [&](const std::vector<common_peg_parser> & items) {
+            auto seq = p.sequence();
+            for (auto i = 0u; i < items.size(); i++) {
+                if (i == 0) {
+                    seq += items[i];
+                    continue;
+                }
+                seq += lit_end + lit_assistant_begin + items[i];
+            }
+            return seq;
+        };
+
+        // Response format parser
+        if (inputs.json_schema.is_object() && !inputs.json_schema.empty()) {
+            auto parser_response_format = lit_content + p.content(p.schema(p.json(), "response-format", inputs.json_schema));
+            return p.choice({
+                wrap_seq({parser_reasoning, parser_response_format}),
+                wrap_seq({parser_response_format})
+            });
+        }
+
+        auto lit_tool_call_begin = p.literal("<|tool_call:begin|>");
+        auto lit_tool_call_name = p.literal("<|tool_call:name|>");
+        auto lit_tool_call_args = p.literal("<|tool_call:args|>");
+        auto lit_tool_call_end = p.literal("<|tool_call:end|>");
+
+        // Tool call parser
+        if (has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE) {
+            auto parser_tool_call = p.choice();
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                const auto & schema = function.at("parameters");
+
+                // tool(name, schema) <- name "<|tool_call:args|>" schema
+                parser_tool_call |= p.rule("tool-" + name,
+                    p.atomic(p.tool_name(p.literal(name)) + lit_tool_call_args)
+                    + p.tool_args(p.schema(p.json(), "tool-" + name + "-schema", schema)));
+            });
+
+            auto min_calls = inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED ? 1 : 0;
+            auto max_calls = inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? -1 : 1;
+
+            // tool-calls  <- "<|tool_calls|>" tool-call+
+            // tool-call   <- "<|tool_call:begin|> call-id "<|tool_call:name|>" &([^<]+ "<|tool_call:args|>") tool-choice "<|tool_call:end|>"
+            // call-id     <- [a-zA-Z0-9_-]+
+            // tool-choice <- tool(t[0].name, t[0].schema) / ... / tool(t[n].name, t[n].schema)
+            auto parser_tool_calls = p.trigger_rule("tool-calls",
+                p.atomic(p.literal("<|tool_calls|>"))
+                + p.repeat(
+                    p.tool_open(
+                        lit_tool_call_begin
+                        + p.tool_id(p.chars("[a-zA-Z0-9_-]", 1, -1))
+                        + lit_tool_call_name
+                        + p.peek(p.chars("[^<]", 1, -1) + lit_tool_call_args))
+                    + parser_tool_call
+                    + p.tool_close(lit_tool_call_end),
+                /* min = */ 1,
+                /* max = */ max_calls));
+
+            if (min_calls == 1) {
+                // If required, then try any combination of the reasoning, content, and tool call
+                return p.choice({
+                    wrap_seq({parser_reasoning, parser_content, parser_tool_calls}),
+                    wrap_seq({parser_reasoning, parser_tool_calls}),
+                    wrap_seq({parser_content, parser_tool_calls}),
+                    wrap_seq({parser_tool_calls})
+                });
+            }
+
+            return wrap_choice({parser_reasoning, parser_content, parser_tool_calls});
+        }
+
+        // Content only parser
+        include_grammar = false;
+        return wrap_choice({parser_reasoning, parser_content});
+    });
+
+    data.parser = parser.save();
+
+    if (include_grammar) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = has_tools && inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_AUTO;
+
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                auto schema = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(schema);
+            });
+            parser.build_grammar(builder, data.grammar_lazy);
+        });
+
+        data.grammar_triggers = {
+            {COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<|tool_calls|>"}
+        };
+    }
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_exaone_moe(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_EXAONE_MOE;
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>\n")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "</think>\n\n";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED && inputs.json_schema.is_null();
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+                // Expect: <tool_call>{"name": "<name>", "arguments": {...}}</tool_call>
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(
+                    name + "-call",
+                    "\"<tool_call>\" space " +
+                        builder.add_schema(name + "-obj", json{
+                            {"type", "object"},
+                            {"properties", {
+                                {"name",      json{{"const", name}}},
+                                {"arguments", parameters},
+                            }},
+                            {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments"})},
+                        }) +
+                    " space \"</tool_call>\" space"));
+            });
+
+            auto tool_call = builder.add_rule("tool_call", string_join(tool_rules, " | "));
+            builder.add_rule("root",
+                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "( \"</think>\" space )? " : "") +
+                (inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "(" + tool_call + ")+" : tool_call));
+
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL,
+                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "[\\s\\S]*?(</think>\\s*)?" : "") +
+                    "(<tool_call>)[\\s\\S]*"
+            });
+            data.preserved_tokens = {
+                "<think>",
+                "</think>",
+                "<tool_call>",
+                "</tool_call>",
+            };
+        });
+    }
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_translate_gemma(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    // This template does not support tools or reasoning
+    // we just need to transform the messages into the correct schema
+
+    templates_params inputs_new = inputs;
+    json & messages = inputs_new.messages;
+
+    // default to chat_template_kwargs, or en-GB if not specified
+    std::string default_src_lang = inputs.extra_context.value("source_lang_code", "en-GB");
+    std::string default_tgt_lang = inputs.extra_context.value("target_lang_code", "en-GB");
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(messages.is_array());
+    for (auto & message : messages) {
+        if (message.contains("role") && message["role"].get<std::string>() != "user") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!message.contains("content")) {
+            message["content"] = json::array();
+        }
+        if (message.contains("content") && !message["content"].is_array()) {
+            auto content_str = message["content"].get<std::string>();
+            // default to en-GB if not specified (to make common_chat_format_example works)
+            auto src_lang = message.contains("source_lang_code")
+                        ? message["source_lang_code"].get<std::string>() : default_src_lang;
+            auto tgt_lang = message.contains("target_lang_code")
+                        ? message["target_lang_code"].get<std::string>() : default_tgt_lang;
+            message["content"] = json::array({
+                json{
+                    {"type", "text"},
+                    {"text", content_str},
+                    {"source_lang_code", src_lang},
+                    {"target_lang_code", tgt_lang},
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs_new, std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC;
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_without_tools(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
+    data.grammar_lazy = false;
+    if (!inputs.json_schema.is_null()) {
+        if (!inputs.grammar.empty()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Either \"json_schema\" or \"grammar\" can be specified, but not both");
+        }
+        data.grammar = json_schema_to_grammar(inputs.json_schema);
+    } else {
+        data.grammar = inputs.grammar;
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_seed_oss(
+    const common_chat_template         & tmpl,
+    templates_params                   & params,
+    const common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
+{
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_SEED_OSS;
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<seed:think>")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "</seed:think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar      = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+            foreach_function(params.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function   = tool.at("function");
+                std::string  name       = function.at("name");
+                auto         parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+
+                // Create rule for Seed-OSS function call format
+                std::string param_rules;
+                if (parameters.contains("properties")) {
+                    for (const auto & [key, value] : parameters.at("properties").items()) {
+                        param_rules += "\"<parameter=" + key + ">\"" + builder.add_schema(name + "-arg-" + key, value) +
+                                       "\"</parameter>\"";
+                    }
+                }
+
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call",
+                                                      "\"<seed:tool_call>\" space \"<function=" + name + ">\" space " +
+                                                          param_rules +
+                                                          " \"</function>\" space \"</seed:tool_call>\""));
+            });
+
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({ COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<seed:tool_call>" });
+
+            data.preserved_tokens = {
+                "<seed:think>", "</seed:think>", "<seed:tool_call>", "</seed:tool_call>",
+                "<function=",   "</function>",   "<parameter=",      "</parameter>",
+            };
+
+            builder.add_rule("root", string_join(tool_rules, " | "));
+        });
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+// various workarounds for known issues with certain templates or model behaviors
+// TODO @ngxson : improve this (how?)
+namespace workaround {
+
+// if first message is system and template does not support it, merge it with next message
+static void system_message_not_supported(json & messages) {
+    if (!messages.empty() && messages.front().at("role") == "system") {
+        if (messages.size() > 1) {
+            LOG_DBG("Merging system prompt into next message\n");
+            auto & first_msg = messages.front();
+            auto & second_msg = messages[1];
+            second_msg["content"] = first_msg.at("content").get<std::string>()
+                + "\n" + second_msg.at("content").get<std::string>();
+            messages.erase(messages.begin());
+        } else {
+            LOG_WRN("Removing system prompt due to template not supporting system role\n");
+            messages.erase(messages.begin());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void func_args_not_string(json & messages) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(messages.is_array());
+    for (auto & message : messages) {
+        if (message.contains("tool_calls")) {
+            for (auto & tool_call : message["tool_calls"]) {
+                if (tool_call.contains("function") && tool_call["function"].contains("arguments")) {
+                    auto & args = tool_call["function"]["arguments"];
+                    if (args.is_string()) {
+                        try {
+                            args = json::parse(args.get<std::string>());
+                        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+                            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse tool call arguments as JSON: " + std::string(e.what()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void move_tool_calls_to_content(json & messages, int indent_spaces = 2) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(messages.is_array());
+    for (auto & message : messages) {
+        if (message.contains("tool_calls")) {
+            auto tool_calls_new = json{
+                {"tool_calls", message.at("tool_calls")}
+            };
+            message.erase("tool_calls");
+            auto content = message.at("content");
+            std::string content_new = content.is_null() ? "" : content.get<std::string>();
+            message["content"] = content_new + tool_calls_new.dump(indent_spaces, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO @ngxson : we may remove support for generic schema in the future
+static void use_generic_schema(json & messages) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(messages.is_array());
+    for (auto & message : messages) {
+        if (message.contains("tool_calls") && message.at("tool_calls").is_array()) {
+            auto & tool_calls = message.at("tool_calls");
+            for (auto & tool_call : tool_calls) {
+                if (tool_call.contains("type") && tool_call.at("type") == "function" &&
+                    tool_call.contains("function") && tool_call.at("function").is_object()) {
+                    // Copy values before erasing to avoid use-after-free
+                    json name_value;
+                    json arguments_value;
+                    json id_value;
+                    const auto & function = tool_call.at("function");
+                    if (function.contains("name")) {
+                        name_value = function.at("name");
+                    }
+                    if (function.contains("arguments")) {
+                        arguments_value = function.at("arguments");
+                    }
+                    if (tool_call.contains("id")) {
+                        id_value = tool_call.at("id");
+                    }
+                    // Now safely erase and assign in the correct order
+                    tool_call.erase("type");
+                    tool_call.erase("function");
+                    tool_call.erase("id");
+                    // Reassign in desired order: name, arguments, id
+                    if (!name_value.is_null()) {
+                        tool_call["name"] = name_value;
+                    }
+                    if (!arguments_value.is_null()) {
+                        tool_call["arguments"] = arguments_value;
+                    }
+                    if (!id_value.is_null()) {
+                        tool_call["id"] = id_value;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace workaround
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(
+    const struct common_chat_templates        * tmpls,
+    const struct common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
+{
+    templates_params params;
+    params.tools = common_chat_tools_to_json_oaicompat(inputs.tools);
+    const auto & tmpl = params.tools.is_array() && tmpls->template_tool_use
+        ? *tmpls->template_tool_use
+        : *tmpls->template_default;
+    const auto & src = tmpl.source();
+    const auto & caps = tmpl.original_caps();
+    params.messages = render_message_to_json(inputs.messages, tmpl.original_caps());
+    params.add_generation_prompt = inputs.add_generation_prompt;
+    params.tool_choice = inputs.tool_choice;
+    params.reasoning_format = inputs.reasoning_format;
+    params.enable_thinking = inputs.enable_thinking;
+    params.grammar = inputs.grammar;
+    params.now = inputs.now;
+    params.add_bos = tmpls->add_bos;
+    params.add_eos = tmpls->add_eos;
+
+    if (!tmpl.original_caps().supports_system_role) {
+        workaround::system_message_not_supported(params.messages);
+    }
+
+    params.extra_context = json::object();
+    for (auto el : inputs.chat_template_kwargs) {
+        params.extra_context[el.first] = json::parse(el.second);
+    }
+
+    if (!inputs.json_schema.empty()) {
+        params.json_schema = json::parse(inputs.json_schema);
+    }
+
+    if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls && !tmpl.original_caps().supports_parallel_tool_calls) {
+        LOG_DBG("Disabling parallel_tool_calls because the template does not support it\n");
+        params.parallel_tool_calls = false;
+    } else {
+        params.parallel_tool_calls = inputs.parallel_tool_calls;
+    }
+
+    if (params.tools.is_array()) {
+        if (params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE && !params.grammar.empty()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Cannot specify grammar with tools");
+        }
+        if (caps.supports_tool_calls && !caps.supports_tools) {
+            LOG_WRN("Template supports tool calls but does not natively describe tools. The fallback behaviour used may produce bad results, inspect prompt w/ --verbose & consider overriding the template.\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // DeepSeek V3.1: detect based on specific patterns in the template
+    if (src.find("message['prefix'] is defined and message['prefix'] and thinking") != std::string::npos &&
+        params.json_schema.is_null()) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_deepseek_v3_1(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // DeepSeek R1: use handler in all cases except json schema (thinking / tools).
+    if (src.find("<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>") != std::string::npos && params.json_schema.is_null()) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_deepseek_r1(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Command R7B: : use handler in all cases except json schema (thinking / tools).
+    if (src.find("<|END_THINKING|><|START_ACTION|>") != std::string::npos && params.json_schema.is_null()) {
+        workaround::func_args_not_string(params.messages);
+        return common_chat_params_init_command_r7b(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Granite (IBM) - detects thinking / tools support
+    if (src.find("elif thinking") != std::string::npos && src.find("<|tool_call|>") != std::string::npos) {
+        workaround::func_args_not_string(params.messages);
+        workaround::use_generic_schema(params.messages);
+        workaround::move_tool_calls_to_content(params.messages);
+        return common_chat_params_init_granite(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // GLM 4.5: detect by <arg_key> and <arg_value> tags (check before Hermes since both use <tool_call>)
+    if (src.find("[gMASK]<sop>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<arg_key>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<arg_value>") != std::string::npos &&
+        params.json_schema.is_null()) {
+        workaround::func_args_not_string(params.messages);
+        if (!params.extra_context.contains("clear_thinking")) {
+            // by default, do not clear reasoning_content (added since GLM-4.7)
+            params.extra_context["clear_thinking"] = false;
+        }
+        return common_chat_params_init_glm_4_5(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Qwen3-Coder XML format detection (must come before Hermes 2 Pro)
+    // Detect via XML markers: <tool_call>, <function=...>, and <parameter=...> blocks.
+    // Also matches Step-3.5-Flash and Nemotron 3 Nano which use the same output format.
+    if (src.find("<tool_call>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<function=") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<parameter=") != std::string::npos) {
+        workaround::func_args_not_string(params.messages);
+        return common_chat_params_init_qwen3_coder(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Xiaomi MiMo format detection (must come before Hermes 2 Pro)
+    if (src.find("<tools>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("# Tools") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("</tools>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<tool_calls>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("</tool_calls>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<tool_response>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_xiaomi_mimo(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // EXAONE MoE format detection
+    if (src.find("<tool_call>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<tool_result>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|tool_declare|>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_exaone_moe(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Hermes 2/3 Pro, Qwen 2.5 Instruct (w/ tools)
+    if (src.find("<tool_call>") != std::string::npos && params.json_schema.is_null()) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_hermes_2_pro(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // GPT-OSS
+    if (src.find("<|channel|>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Seed-OSS
+    if (src.find("<seed:think>") != std::string::npos) {
+        workaround::func_args_not_string(params.messages);
+        return common_chat_params_init_seed_oss(tmpl, params, inputs);
+    }
+
+    // Nemotron v2
+    if (src.find("<SPECIAL_10>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_nemotron_v2(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Apertus format detection
+    if (src.find("<|system_start|>") != std::string::npos && src.find("<|tools_prefix|>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_apertus(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // LFM2 (w/ tools)
+    if (src.find("List of tools: <|tool_list_start|>[") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("]<|tool_list_end|>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_lfm2(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // MiniMax-M2 format detection
+    if (src.find("]~!b[") != std::string::npos && src.find("]~b]") != std::string::npos) {
+        workaround::func_args_not_string(params.messages);
+        return common_chat_params_init_minimax_m2(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Kimi K2 format detection
+    if (src.find("<|im_system|>tool_declare<|im_middle|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|tool_calls_section_begin|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("## Return of") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_kimi_k2(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Apriel 1.5 format detection
+    if (src.find("<thinking>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("</thinking>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<available_tools>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|assistant|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|tool_result|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<tool_calls>[") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("]</tool_calls>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_apriel_1_5(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Solar Open
+    if (src.find("<|tool_response:begin|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|tool_response:name|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|tool_response:result|>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_solar_open(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Use generic handler when mixing tools + JSON schema.
+    // TODO: support that mix in handlers below.
+    if ((params.tools.is_array() && params.json_schema.is_object())) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_generic(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Functionary prepends "all\n" to plain content outputs, so we use its handler in all cases.
+    if (src.find(">>>all") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_2(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Firefunction v2 requires datetime and functions in the context even w/o tools, so we also use its handler in all cases.
+    if (src.find(" functools[") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_firefunction_v2(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Functionary v3.1 (w/ tools)
+    if (src.find("<|start_header_id|>") != std::string::npos
+        && src.find("<function=") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_1_llama_3_1(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Llama 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 (also requires date_string so using it even w/o tools)
+    if (src.find("<|start_header_id|>ipython<|end_header_id|>") != std::string::npos) {
+        auto allow_python_tag_builtin_tools = src.find("<|python_tag|>") != std::string::npos;
+        workaround::func_args_not_string(params.messages);
+        return common_chat_params_init_llama_3_x(tmpl, params, allow_python_tag_builtin_tools);
+    }
+
+    // Ministral/Mistral Large 3
+    if (src.find("[SYSTEM_PROMPT]") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("[TOOL_CALLS]") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("[ARGS]") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_ministral_3(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    if (src.find("[THINK]") != std::string::npos && src.find("[/THINK]") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_magistral(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Solar Open
+    if (src.find("<|tool_response:begin|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|tool_response:name|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|tool_response:result|>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_solar_open(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // TranslateGemma
+    if (src.find("[source_lang_code]") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("[target_lang_code]") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_translate_gemma(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Plain handler (no tools)
+    if (params.tools.is_null() || inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_without_tools(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Mistral Nemo (w/ tools)
+    if (src.find("[TOOL_CALLS]") != std::string::npos) {
+        workaround::func_args_not_string(params.messages);
+        return common_chat_params_init_mistral_nemo(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Generic fallback
+    workaround::func_args_not_string(params.messages);
+    workaround::use_generic_schema(params.messages);
+    workaround::move_tool_calls_to_content(params.messages);
+    return common_chat_params_init_generic(tmpl, params);
+}
+
+// Legacy template route (adhoc C++ implementation of known templates), forward to llama_chat_apply_template.
+static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_legacy(
+    const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls,
+    const struct common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
+{
+    size_t alloc_size = 0;
+    std::vector<llama_chat_message> chat;
+    std::vector<std::string> contents;
+
+    for (const auto & msg : inputs.messages) {
+        auto content = msg.content;
+        for (const auto & part : msg.content_parts) {
+            if (part.type != "text" && part.type != "media_marker") {
+                LOG_WRN("Ignoring non-text content part: %s\n", part.type.c_str());
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!content.empty()) {
+                content += "\n";;
+            }
+            content += part.text;
+        }
+        contents.emplace_back(std::move(content));
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < contents.size(); ++i) {
+        const auto & msg = inputs.messages[i];
+        const auto & content = contents[i];
+        chat.push_back({msg.role.c_str(), content.c_str()});
+        size_t msg_size = msg.role.size() + content.size();
+        alloc_size += msg_size + (msg_size / 4); // == msg_size * 1.25 but avoiding float ops
+    }
+
+    std::vector<char> buf(alloc_size);
+
+    // run the first time to get the total output length
+    const auto & src = tmpls->template_default->source();
+    int32_t res = llama_chat_apply_template(src.c_str(), chat.data(), chat.size(), inputs.add_generation_prompt, buf.data(), buf.size());
+
+    // error: chat template is not supported
+    if (res < 0) {
+        // if the custom "tmpl" is not supported, we throw an error
+        // this is a bit redundant (for good), since we're not sure if user validated the custom template with llama_chat_verify_template()
+        throw std::runtime_error("this custom template is not supported, try using --jinja");
+    }
+
+    // if it turns out that our buffer is too small, we resize it
+    if ((size_t) res > buf.size()) {
+        buf.resize(res);
+        res = llama_chat_apply_template(src.c_str(), chat.data(), chat.size(), inputs.add_generation_prompt, buf.data(), buf.size());
+    }
+
+    // for safety, we check the result again
+    if (res < 0 || (size_t) res > buf.size()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to apply chat template, try using --jinja");
+    }
+
+    common_chat_params params;
+    params.prompt = std::string(buf.data(), res);
+    if (!inputs.json_schema.empty()) {
+        params.grammar = json_schema_to_grammar(json::parse(inputs.json_schema));
+    } else {
+        params.grammar = inputs.grammar;
+    }
+    return params;
+}
+
+common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply(
+    const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls,
+    const struct common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
+{
+    GGML_ASSERT(tmpls != nullptr);
+    return inputs.use_jinja
+        ? common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(tmpls, inputs)
+        : common_chat_templates_apply_legacy(tmpls, inputs);
+}
+
+std::map<std::string, bool> common_chat_templates_get_caps(const common_chat_templates * chat_templates) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(chat_templates != nullptr);
+    GGML_ASSERT(chat_templates->template_default != nullptr);
+    return chat_templates->template_default->caps.to_map();
+}