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README.md
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library_name: transformers
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---
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## PDS-160M
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library_name: transformers
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---
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## PDS-160M
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[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.07064) | [code](https://github.com/microsoft/LMOps/tree/main/data_selection)
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**PDS-160M** is a 160M model with [Mistral](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06825) achitecture pre-trained from scratch on the data selected from the CC split of [Redpajama](https://github.com/togethercomputer/RedPajama-Data), using the PDS framework.
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The PDS framework is based on the [Pontryagin's maximum principle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontryagin%27s_maximum_principle#:~:text=Pontryagin's%20maximum%20principle%20is%20used,the%20state%20or%20input%20controls.) for optimal pre-training data selection, which not only enjoy strong theoretical support but is also scalable for training large language models.
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Please refer to our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.07064) for more details.
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### Overview of the theory:
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<p align='left'>
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<img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/624ac662102fcdff87be51b9/Hdw83Vsb305GRlsqB7c34.png" width="700">
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</p>
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### Overview of the PDS framework:
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<p align='left'>
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<img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/624ac662102fcdff87be51b9/YPwluLyZGK7DACH1WqDUN.png" width="700">
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</p>
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### Evaluation
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PDS-selected data improves the performance of language models pre-trained from scratch and saves pre-training comptation. The improvement scales up to large model sizes.
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<p align='left'>
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<img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/624ac662102fcdff87be51b9/6undIr37d10qD73TDiPDK.png" width="600">
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</p>
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### Baseline
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[Conventional Pre-training](https://huggingface.co/Data-Selection/BSL-160M)
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### Citation
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```bibtex
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@article{gu2024data,
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title={Data Selection via Optimal Control for Language Models},
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author={Gu, Yuxian and Dong, Li and Wang, Hongning and Hao, Yaru and Dong, Qingxiu and Wei, Furu and Huang, Minlie},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.07064},
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year={2024}
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}
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```
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