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- ---
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- license: mit
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- ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ---
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+ library_name: tensorflow
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+ tags:
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+ - time-series-forecasting
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+ - terrorism-forecasting
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+ - lstm
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+ - bidirectional
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+ - global-terrorism-database
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+ - security-analytics
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+ datasets:
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+ - gtd
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+ metrics:
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+ - rmse
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+ - mae
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+ - r2
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+ license: mit
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ ---
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+
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+ # BiLSTM for Terrorism Event Forecasting
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+
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+ Bidirectional LSTM model for weekly terrorism event forecasting using 46 years of Global Terrorism Database (GTD) data.
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+
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+ **Paper**: [Predicting the Unpredictable: Bidirectional LSTM Networks for Terrorism Event Forecasting](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.15136)
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+
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+ ## Model Performance
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+
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+ | Model | RMSE ↓ | MAE | R² | Improvement |
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+ |-------|--------|-----|-----|-------------|
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+ | **BiLSTM (this model)** | **6.38** | **3.82** | **0.556** | **Baseline** |
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+ | LSTM+Attention | 9.19 | 5.37 | 0.264 | -30.6% |
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+ | Linear Regression | 9.89 | 5.85 | 0.176 | -35.5% |
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+ | SARIMA | 11.52 | 6.78 | -0.090 | -44.6% |
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+
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+ **Key Achievement**: 37% improvement over best classical baseline (Linear Regression)
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+
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+ ## Model Architecture
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+
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+ - **Type**: Bidirectional LSTM (2 layers)
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+ - **Input Shape**: (30 weeks, 13 features)
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+ - **Output**: Single value (next week's attack count)
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+ - **Parameters**: ~36,673
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+ - **Framework**: TensorFlow 2.13.0
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+
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+ ### Architecture Details:
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+
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+ Input(30, 13)
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+
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+ Bidirectional LSTM(64) + Dropout(0.2)
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+
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+ Bidirectional LSTM(32) + Dropout(0.2)
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+
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+ Dense(32, ReLU) + Dropout(0.2)
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+
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+ Dense(1, Linear)
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+
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+
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+ ## Training Data
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+
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+ - **Dataset**: Global Terrorism Database (START consortium)
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+ - **Time Period**: 1970-2016 (46 years)
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+ - **Resolution**: Weekly aggregation (2,400 weeks)
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+ - **Train/Val/Test**: 70%/15%/15% (chronological split)
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+
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+ ### Features (13 total):
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+
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+ 1. **Lag Features (1)**: 52-week lag
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+ 2. **Rolling Statistics (4)**: 4-week & 12-week mean/std
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+ 3. **Temporal Encoding (4)**: Year, week, month, quarter
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+ 4. **Casualty Features (3)**: Killed, wounded, total
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+ 5. **Geographic (1)**: Region encoding
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+
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+ ## Usage
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+
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+ ```python
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+ import tensorflow as tf
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+ from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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+
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+ # Download model
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+ model_path = hf_hub_download(
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+ repo_id="Davidavid4/bilstm-terrorism-forecasting-gtd",
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+ filename="bidirectional_lstm_best.h5"
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+ )
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+
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+ # Load model
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+ model = tf.keras.models.load_model(model_path)
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+
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+ # Prepare input: shape (batch_size, 30, 13)
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+ # - 30 weeks of historical data
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+ # - 13 features per week
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+
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+ # Make predictions
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+ predictions = model.predict(X_test)