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# Helion 1.5 Usage Guide
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Complete guide for using the Helion 1.5 dataset series for training and fine-tuning language models.
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## Table of Contents
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1. [Quick Start](#quick-start)
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2. [Dataset Overview](#dataset-overview)
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3. [Loading Data](#loading-data)
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4. [Training Examples](#training-examples)
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5. [Fine-Tuning Strategies](#fine-tuning-strategies)
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6. [Best Practices](#best-practices)
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7. [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
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---
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## Quick Start
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### Installation
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```bash
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pip install datasets transformers torch accelerate
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```
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### Load Dataset
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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# Load full dataset
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dataset = load_dataset("your-username/helion-1.5")
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# Load specific subset
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conversations = load_dataset(
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"your-username/helion-1.5",
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data_files="helion-1.5-conversations.jsonl"
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)
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```
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### Basic Training
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, Trainer, TrainingArguments
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# Initialize model and tokenizer
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model_name = "meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf" # or your preferred base model
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name)
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# Quick training setup
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training_args = TrainingArguments(
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output_dir="./helion-1.5-finetuned",
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num_train_epochs=3,
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per_device_train_batch_size=4,
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learning_rate=2e-5,
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logging_steps=100,
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)
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```
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---
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## Dataset Overview
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### File Structure
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```
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helion-1.5/
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├── helion-1.5-conversations.jsonl # 800K multi-turn conversations
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├── helion-1.5-instructions.jsonl # 600K instruction pairs
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├── helion-1.5-code.jsonl # 250K code examples
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├── helion-1.5-reasoning.jsonl # 180K reasoning tasks
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├── helion-1.5-creative.jsonl # 120K creative writing
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└── helion-1.5-multilingual.jsonl # 50K multilingual data
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```
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### Data Formats
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#### Conversations Format
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```json
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{
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"id": "conv_abc123",
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"conversations": [
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{"role": "user", "content": "How does photosynthesis work?"},
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{"role": "assistant", "content": "Photosynthesis is..."}
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],
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"metadata": {
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"domain": "science",
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"difficulty": "intermediate",
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"quality_score": 0.95
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}
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}
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```
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#### Instructions Format
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```json
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{
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"id": "inst_xyz789",
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"instruction": "Summarize the following text:",
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"input": "Long text here...",
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"output": "Summary here...",
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"metadata": {
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"task_type": "summarization",
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"complexity": "medium"
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}
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}
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```
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#### Code Format
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```json
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{
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"id": "code_def456",
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"language": "python",
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"problem": "Implement binary search",
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"solution": "def binary_search(arr, target): ...",
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"explanation": "This algorithm...",
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"test_cases": [...]
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}
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```
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---
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## Loading Data
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### Load Specific Subsets
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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# Load only conversations
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conversations = load_dataset(
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"your-username/helion-1.5",
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data_files="helion-1.5-conversations.jsonl",
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split="train"
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)
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# Load multiple files
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multi_data = load_dataset(
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"your-username/helion-1.5",
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data_files=[
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"helion-1.5-conversations.jsonl",
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"helion-1.5-instructions.jsonl"
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]
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)
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```
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### Filter by Domain
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```python
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# Filter science domain
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science_data = conversations.filter(
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lambda x: x['metadata']['domain'] == 'science'
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)
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# Filter high quality
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high_quality = conversations.filter(
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lambda x: x['metadata'].get('quality_score', 0) > 0.9
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)
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```
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### Combine Multiple Sources
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```python
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from datasets import concatenate_datasets
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# Load different subsets
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conv = load_dataset("...", data_files="conversations.jsonl")
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inst = load_dataset("...", data_files="instructions.jsonl")
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# Combine
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combined = concatenate_datasets([conv, inst])
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```
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---
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## Training Examples
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### 1. Instruction Fine-Tuning
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, Trainer, TrainingArguments
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from datasets import load_dataset
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# Load instruction data
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dataset = load_dataset(
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"your-username/helion-1.5",
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data_files="helion-1.5-instructions.jsonl"
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)
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# Initialize
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model_name = "meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf"
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
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tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name)
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# Format function
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def format_instruction(example):
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text = f"### Instruction:\n{example['instruction']}\n\n"
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if example.get('input'):
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text += f"### Input:\n{example['input']}\n\n"
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text += f"### Response:\n{example['output']}"
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return {"text": text}
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# Apply formatting
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dataset = dataset.map(format_instruction)
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# Tokenize
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def tokenize_function(examples):
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return tokenizer(
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examples["text"],
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padding="max_length",
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truncation=True,
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max_length=512
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)
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tokenized_dataset = dataset.map(tokenize_function, batched=True)
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# Training arguments
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training_args = TrainingArguments(
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output_dir="./instruction-model",
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num_train_epochs=3,
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per_device_train_batch_size=4,
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gradient_accumulation_steps=8,
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learning_rate=2e-5,
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warmup_steps=500,
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logging_steps=100,
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save_steps=1000,
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fp16=True,
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optim="adamw_torch",
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)
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# Train
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trainer = Trainer(
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model=model,
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args=training_args,
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train_dataset=tokenized_dataset,
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)
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trainer.train()
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model.save_pretrained("./instruction-model-final")
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```
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### 2. Conversational Model Training
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, Trainer, TrainingArguments
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# Load conversation data
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dataset = load_dataset(
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"your-username/helion-1.5",
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data_files="helion-1.5-conversations.jsonl"
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)
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# Format conversations
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def format_conversation(example):
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formatted = ""
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for turn in example['conversations']:
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role = turn['role'].capitalize()
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content = turn['content']
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formatted += f"{role}: {content}\n\n"
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return {"text": formatted.strip()}
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dataset = dataset.map(format_conversation)
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# Tokenize
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def tokenize(examples):
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return tokenizer(
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examples["text"],
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padding="max_length",
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truncation=True,
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max_length=2048 # Longer for conversations
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)
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tokenized = dataset.map(tokenize, batched=True)
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# Training setup
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training_args = TrainingArguments(
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output_dir="./conversation-model",
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num_train_epochs=3,
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per_device_train_batch_size=2,
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gradient_accumulation_steps=16,
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learning_rate=1e-5,
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warmup_ratio=0.1,
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logging_steps=50,
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save_strategy="epoch",
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fp16=True,
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)
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trainer = Trainer(
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model=model,
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args=training_args,
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train_dataset=tokenized,
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)
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trainer.train()
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```
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### 3. Code Generation Training
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```python
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# Load code data
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code_data = load_dataset(
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"your-username/helion-1.5",
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data_files="helion-1.5-code.jsonl"
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)
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# Format code examples
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def format_code(example):
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text = f"# Problem: {example['problem']}\n\n"
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text += f"# Solution ({example['language']}):\n{example['solution']}\n\n"
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if example.get('explanation'):
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text += f"# Explanation: {example['explanation']}"
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return {"text": text}
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code_data = code_data.map(format_code)
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# Filter by language (optional)
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python_code = code_data.filter(
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lambda x: x['language'] == 'python'
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)
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# Training with code-specific settings
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training_args = TrainingArguments(
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output_dir="./code-model",
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num_train_epochs=5, # More epochs for code
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per_device_train_batch_size=4,
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learning_rate=3e-5,
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warmup_steps=1000,
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save_steps=2000,
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)
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# Train model
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trainer = Trainer(
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model=model,
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args=training_args,
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train_dataset=tokenized_code,
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)
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trainer.train()
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```
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### 4. LoRA Fine-Tuning (Memory Efficient)
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```python
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from peft import LoraConfig, get_peft_model, TaskType
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# Load base model
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
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model_name,
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load_in_8bit=True, # 8-bit quantization
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device_map="auto",
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)
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# LoRA configuration
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lora_config = LoraConfig(
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r=16, # LoRA rank
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lora_alpha=32,
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target_modules=["q_proj", "v_proj"],
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lora_dropout=0.05,
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bias="none",
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task_type=TaskType.CAUSAL_LM
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)
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# Add LoRA adapters
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model = get_peft_model(model, lora_config)
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model.print_trainable_parameters()
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# Training with LoRA
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training_args = TrainingArguments(
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output_dir="./lora-model",
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num_train_epochs=3,
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per_device_train_batch_size=8, # Can use larger batch
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gradient_accumulation_steps=4,
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learning_rate=3e-4, # Higher LR for LoRA
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fp16=True,
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logging_steps=100,
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)
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trainer = Trainer(
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model=model,
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args=training_args,
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train_dataset=tokenized_dataset,
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)
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trainer.train()
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```
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---
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## Fine-Tuning Strategies
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### Strategy 1: Domain-Specific Fine-Tuning
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```python
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# Fine-tune on specific domain
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science_data = dataset.filter(
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lambda x: x['metadata']['domain'] == 'science'
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)
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# Train with domain focus
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trainer = Trainer(
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model=model,
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args=training_args,
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train_dataset=science_data,
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)
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```
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### Strategy 2: Progressive Fine-Tuning
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```python
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# Stage 1: General knowledge
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general_data = dataset.filter(
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lambda x: x['metadata']['domain'] == 'general'
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)
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trainer.train(train_dataset=general_data)
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# Stage 2: Specialized knowledge
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specialized_data = dataset.filter(
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lambda x: x['metadata']['difficulty'] == 'advanced'
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)
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trainer.train(train_dataset=specialized_data)
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```
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### Strategy 3: Multi-Task Learning
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```python
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# Mix different data types
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conv_weight = 0.4
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inst_weight = 0.3
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code_weight = 0.3
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# Sample proportionally
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from datasets import concatenate_datasets
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mixed_dataset = concatenate_datasets([
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conversations.shuffle().select(range(int(10000 * conv_weight))),
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instructions.shuffle().select(range(int(10000 * inst_weight))),
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code_data.shuffle().select(range(int(10000 * code_weight))),
|
| 438 |
-
])
|
| 439 |
-
```
|
| 440 |
-
|
| 441 |
-
### Strategy 4: Curriculum Learning
|
| 442 |
-
|
| 443 |
-
```python
|
| 444 |
-
# Start with easy examples
|
| 445 |
-
easy_data = dataset.filter(
|
| 446 |
-
lambda x: x['metadata']['difficulty'] == 'easy'
|
| 447 |
-
)
|
| 448 |
-
|
| 449 |
-
# Progress to harder examples
|
| 450 |
-
medium_data = dataset.filter(
|
| 451 |
-
lambda x: x['metadata']['difficulty'] == 'intermediate'
|
| 452 |
-
)
|
| 453 |
-
|
| 454 |
-
hard_data = dataset.filter(
|
| 455 |
-
lambda x: x['metadata']['difficulty'] == 'advanced'
|
| 456 |
-
)
|
| 457 |
-
|
| 458 |
-
# Train progressively
|
| 459 |
-
for epoch, data in enumerate([easy_data, medium_data, hard_data]):
|
| 460 |
-
trainer.train(train_dataset=data)
|
| 461 |
-
```
|
| 462 |
-
|
| 463 |
-
---
|
| 464 |
-
|
| 465 |
-
## Best Practices
|
| 466 |
-
|
| 467 |
-
### 1. Data Preparation
|
| 468 |
-
|
| 469 |
-
```python
|
| 470 |
-
# Clean and validate data
|
| 471 |
-
def validate_example(example):
|
| 472 |
-
"""Ensure data quality"""
|
| 473 |
-
if 'metadata' not in example:
|
| 474 |
-
return False
|
| 475 |
-
if example['metadata'].get('quality_score', 0) < 0.8:
|
| 476 |
-
return False
|
| 477 |
-
return True
|
| 478 |
-
|
| 479 |
-
cleaned_dataset = dataset.filter(validate_example)
|
| 480 |
-
```
|
| 481 |
-
|
| 482 |
-
### 2. Handling Long Sequences
|
| 483 |
-
|
| 484 |
-
```python
|
| 485 |
-
# Dynamic padding for efficiency
|
| 486 |
-
from transformers import DataCollatorWithPadding
|
| 487 |
-
|
| 488 |
-
data_collator = DataCollatorWithPadding(
|
| 489 |
-
tokenizer=tokenizer,
|
| 490 |
-
padding=True,
|
| 491 |
-
max_length=2048
|
| 492 |
-
)
|
| 493 |
-
|
| 494 |
-
trainer = Trainer(
|
| 495 |
-
model=model,
|
| 496 |
-
args=training_args,
|
| 497 |
-
data_collator=data_collator,
|
| 498 |
-
train_dataset=dataset,
|
| 499 |
-
)
|
| 500 |
-
```
|
| 501 |
-
|
| 502 |
-
### 3. Monitoring Training
|
| 503 |
-
|
| 504 |
-
```python
|
| 505 |
-
# Add callbacks
|
| 506 |
-
from transformers import TrainerCallback
|
| 507 |
-
|
| 508 |
-
class QualityMonitorCallback(TrainerCallback):
|
| 509 |
-
def on_evaluate(self, args, state, control, metrics, **kwargs):
|
| 510 |
-
print(f"Step {state.global_step}: Loss = {metrics.get('loss', 0):.4f}")
|
| 511 |
-
|
| 512 |
-
training_args.evaluation_strategy = "steps"
|
| 513 |
-
training_args.eval_steps = 500
|
| 514 |
-
|
| 515 |
-
trainer = Trainer(
|
| 516 |
-
model=model,
|
| 517 |
-
args=training_args,
|
| 518 |
-
callbacks=[QualityMonitorCallback()],
|
| 519 |
-
)
|
| 520 |
-
```
|
| 521 |
-
|
| 522 |
-
### 4. Saving Checkpoints
|
| 523 |
-
|
| 524 |
-
```python
|
| 525 |
-
training_args = TrainingArguments(
|
| 526 |
-
output_dir="./checkpoints",
|
| 527 |
-
save_strategy="steps",
|
| 528 |
-
save_steps=1000,
|
| 529 |
-
save_total_limit=3, # Keep only last 3 checkpoints
|
| 530 |
-
load_best_model_at_end=True,
|
| 531 |
-
)
|
| 532 |
-
```
|
| 533 |
-
|
| 534 |
-
### 5. Distributed Training
|
| 535 |
-
|
| 536 |
-
```bash
|
| 537 |
-
# Launch with multiple GPUs
|
| 538 |
-
accelerate launch --multi_gpu train.py
|
| 539 |
-
|
| 540 |
-
# Or with DeepSpeed
|
| 541 |
-
deepspeed --num_gpus=4 train.py --deepspeed ds_config.json
|
| 542 |
-
```
|
| 543 |
-
|
| 544 |
-
---
|
| 545 |
-
|
| 546 |
-
## Troubleshooting
|
| 547 |
-
|
| 548 |
-
### Out of Memory
|
| 549 |
-
|
| 550 |
-
```python
|
| 551 |
-
# Solutions:
|
| 552 |
-
# 1. Reduce batch size
|
| 553 |
-
training_args.per_device_train_batch_size = 1
|
| 554 |
-
|
| 555 |
-
# 2. Increase gradient accumulation
|
| 556 |
-
training_args.gradient_accumulation_steps = 32
|
| 557 |
-
|
| 558 |
-
# 3. Use gradient checkpointing
|
| 559 |
-
model.gradient_checkpointing_enable()
|
| 560 |
-
|
| 561 |
-
# 4. Use 8-bit training
|
| 562 |
-
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
|
| 563 |
-
model_name,
|
| 564 |
-
load_in_8bit=True,
|
| 565 |
-
device_map="auto"
|
| 566 |
-
)
|
| 567 |
-
```
|
| 568 |
-
|
| 569 |
-
### Slow Training
|
| 570 |
-
|
| 571 |
-
```python
|
| 572 |
-
# Solutions:
|
| 573 |
-
# 1. Enable mixed precision
|
| 574 |
-
training_args.fp16 = True
|
| 575 |
-
|
| 576 |
-
# 2. Optimize data loading
|
| 577 |
-
dataset.set_format("torch")
|
| 578 |
-
|
| 579 |
-
# 3. Increase workers
|
| 580 |
-
training_args.dataloader_num_workers = 4
|
| 581 |
-
|
| 582 |
-
# 4. Pin memory
|
| 583 |
-
training_args.dataloader_pin_memory = True
|
| 584 |
-
```
|
| 585 |
-
|
| 586 |
-
### Poor Model Performance
|
| 587 |
-
|
| 588 |
-
```python
|
| 589 |
-
# Solutions:
|
| 590 |
-
# 1. Increase training epochs
|
| 591 |
-
training_args.num_train_epochs = 5
|
| 592 |
-
|
| 593 |
-
# 2. Adjust learning rate
|
| 594 |
-
training_args.learning_rate = 1e-5
|
| 595 |
-
|
| 596 |
-
# 3. Add warmup
|
| 597 |
-
training_args.warmup_ratio = 0.1
|
| 598 |
-
|
| 599 |
-
# 4. Filter low-quality data
|
| 600 |
-
high_quality = dataset.filter(
|
| 601 |
-
lambda x: x['metadata'].get('quality_score', 0) > 0.9
|
| 602 |
-
)
|
| 603 |
-
```
|
| 604 |
-
|
| 605 |
-
### Data Loading Issues
|
| 606 |
-
|
| 607 |
-
```python
|
| 608 |
-
# Solutions:
|
| 609 |
-
# 1. Check file format
|
| 610 |
-
from datasets import load_dataset
|
| 611 |
-
try:
|
| 612 |
-
dataset = load_dataset("...", split="train")
|
| 613 |
-
except Exception as e:
|
| 614 |
-
print(f"Error: {e}")
|
| 615 |
-
|
| 616 |
-
# 2. Manually load JSONL
|
| 617 |
-
import json
|
| 618 |
-
data = []
|
| 619 |
-
with open("file.jsonl", "r") as f:
|
| 620 |
-
for line in f:
|
| 621 |
-
data.append(json.loads(line))
|
| 622 |
-
|
| 623 |
-
# 3. Verify data structure
|
| 624 |
-
print(dataset[0])
|
| 625 |
-
```
|
| 626 |
-
|
| 627 |
-
---
|
| 628 |
-
|
| 629 |
-
## Evaluation
|
| 630 |
-
|
| 631 |
-
### Evaluate on Benchmarks
|
| 632 |
-
|
| 633 |
-
```python
|
| 634 |
-
from datasets import load_metric
|
| 635 |
-
|
| 636 |
-
# Load metrics
|
| 637 |
-
accuracy = load_metric("accuracy")
|
| 638 |
-
bleu = load_metric("bleu")
|
| 639 |
-
|
| 640 |
-
# Evaluate
|
| 641 |
-
def compute_metrics(eval_pred):
|
| 642 |
-
predictions, labels = eval_pred
|
| 643 |
-
# Your metric computation
|
| 644 |
-
return {"accuracy": accuracy.compute(predictions=predictions, references=labels)}
|
| 645 |
-
|
| 646 |
-
trainer = Trainer(
|
| 647 |
-
model=model,
|
| 648 |
-
compute_metrics=compute_metrics,
|
| 649 |
-
)
|
| 650 |
-
|
| 651 |
-
results = trainer.evaluate()
|
| 652 |
-
print(results)
|
| 653 |
-
```
|
| 654 |
-
|
| 655 |
-
### Generate Samples
|
| 656 |
-
|
| 657 |
-
```python
|
| 658 |
-
# Generate text
|
| 659 |
-
from transformers import pipeline
|
| 660 |
-
|
| 661 |
-
generator = pipeline("text-generation", model="./trained-model")
|
| 662 |
-
|
| 663 |
-
prompt = "Explain quantum computing in simple terms:"
|
| 664 |
-
output = generator(prompt, max_length=200)
|
| 665 |
-
print(output[0]['generated_text'])
|
| 666 |
-
```
|
| 667 |
-
|
| 668 |
-
---
|
| 669 |
-
|
| 670 |
-
## Advanced Topics
|
| 671 |
-
|
| 672 |
-
### Custom Data Mixing
|
| 673 |
-
|
| 674 |
-
```python
|
| 675 |
-
def create_mixed_dataset(ratios):
|
| 676 |
-
"""Mix different datasets with specified ratios"""
|
| 677 |
-
datasets_dict = {
|
| 678 |
-
'conversations': load_dataset(..., data_files="conversations.jsonl"),
|
| 679 |
-
'instructions': load_dataset(..., data_files="instructions.jsonl"),
|
| 680 |
-
'code': load_dataset(..., data_files="code.jsonl"),
|
| 681 |
-
}
|
| 682 |
-
|
| 683 |
-
mixed = []
|
| 684 |
-
for name, ratio in ratios.items():
|
| 685 |
-
size = int(10000 * ratio)
|
| 686 |
-
mixed.append(datasets_dict[name].shuffle().select(range(size)))
|
| 687 |
-
|
| 688 |
-
return concatenate_datasets(mixed)
|
| 689 |
-
|
| 690 |
-
# Use it
|
| 691 |
-
dataset = create_mixed_dataset({
|
| 692 |
-
'conversations': 0.4,
|
| 693 |
-
'instructions': 0.4,
|
| 694 |
-
'code': 0.2
|
| 695 |
-
})
|
| 696 |
-
```
|
| 697 |
-
|
| 698 |
-
### Hyperparameter Tuning
|
| 699 |
-
|
| 700 |
-
```python
|
| 701 |
-
from ray import tune
|
| 702 |
-
|
| 703 |
-
def train_model(config):
|
| 704 |
-
training_args = TrainingArguments(
|
| 705 |
-
learning_rate=config["lr"],
|
| 706 |
-
per_device_train_batch_size=config["batch_size"],
|
| 707 |
-
num_train_epochs=3,
|
| 708 |
-
)
|
| 709 |
-
trainer = Trainer(model=model, args=training_args)
|
| 710 |
-
trainer.train()
|
| 711 |
-
return {"loss": trainer.state.log_history[-1]["loss"]}
|
| 712 |
-
|
| 713 |
-
# Run hyperparameter search
|
| 714 |
-
analysis = tune.run(
|
| 715 |
-
train_model,
|
| 716 |
-
config={
|
| 717 |
-
"lr": tune.loguniform(1e-6, 1e-4),
|
| 718 |
-
"batch_size": tune.choice([2, 4, 8]),
|
| 719 |
-
}
|
| 720 |
-
)
|
| 721 |
-
```
|
| 722 |
-
|
| 723 |
-
---
|
| 724 |
-
|
| 725 |
-
## Citation
|
| 726 |
-
|
| 727 |
-
```bibtex
|
| 728 |
-
@dataset{helion_1_5_2024,
|
| 729 |
-
title={Helion 1.5: An Enhanced Large-Scale Dataset for Language Model Training},
|
| 730 |
-
author={DeepXR/Organization},
|
| 731 |
-
year={2025},
|
| 732 |
-
publisher={Hugging Face},
|
| 733 |
-
}
|
| 734 |
-
```
|
| 735 |
-
|
| 736 |
-
---
|
| 737 |
-
|
| 738 |
-
## License
|
| 739 |
-
|
| 740 |
-
This dataset is released under CC BY 4.0 License. See LICENSE file for details.
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