docs/make_figures.py

"""Master figure generator for the Plant DNA Designer research paper.



Regenerates ALL eight figures with consistent styling and — critically —

figure numbers that match the manuscript (figures are numbered in order of

first reference in the text). Committing this script makes every figure

reproducible and keeps the in-image titles in lock-step with the captions.



    python docs/make_figures.py          # regenerate all 8 PNGs at 300 dpi



Data sources: benchmark means are the verbatim output of `cd cool &&

python -m benchmark`; the species-coverage matrix and clade assignments are

read live from cool/core/species.py and cool/core/codons.py so the figure can

never drift from the code.

"""
import os
import sys
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("Agg")
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import FancyBboxPatch, FancyArrowPatch
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D

HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
FIGDIR = os.path.join(HERE, "figures")
os.makedirs(FIGDIR, exist_ok=True)

# Make the real science package importable so figures can be driven by actual
# tool output (real Kozak tables, real elongation profiles, real GA runs) rather
# than synthetic placeholders.
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(HERE, "..", "cool"))

plt.rcParams.update({
    "font.size": 11,
    "axes.facecolor": "#eef2f7",
    "figure.facecolor": "white",
    "savefig.facecolor": "white",
})

BLUE, DBLUE, GREEN, DGREEN = "#1f9bf0", "#1f5fb0", "#3a9b4e", "#1d6b2e"
PURPLE, RED, ORANGE = "#8e26b8", "#c0392b", "#e8730c"


def _title(fig, n, text):
    # Descriptive title only — the figure NUMBER is supplied by the manuscript
    # caption ("Figure N."), so embedding it here would duplicate it. The `n`
    # argument is kept for call-site clarity and filename mapping.
    fig.suptitle(text, fontsize=15, fontweight="bold", y=0.99)


def _panel(ax, letter):
    """Bold (A)/(B) panel label at the top-left of an axes (journal convention)."""
    ax.text(-0.04, 1.11, f"({letter})", transform=ax.transAxes,
            fontsize=16, fontweight="bold", va="bottom", ha="right", clip_on=False)


def _save(fig, name):
    path = os.path.join(FIGDIR, name)
    fig.savefig(path, dpi=300, bbox_inches="tight")
    plt.close(fig)
    print("wrote", os.path.relpath(path, HERE))


# ── Figure 1 — system architecture ───────────────────────────────────────────
def fig1_architecture():
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(13.5, 7.6))
    ax.set_xlim(0, 100); ax.set_ylim(0, 100); ax.axis("off")
    ax.set_facecolor("white")
    _title(fig, 1, "Plant DNA Designer: System Architecture")

    def box(x, y, w, h, text, fc, tc="white", fs=11):
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((x, y), w, h, boxstyle="round,pad=0.4,rounding_size=2",
                                    fc=fc, ec="white", lw=1.5))
        ax.text(x + w / 2, y + h / 2, text, ha="center", va="center",
                color=tc, fontsize=fs, fontweight="bold")

    def arrow(x1, y1, x2, y2):
        ax.add_patch(FancyArrowPatch((x1, y1), (x2, y2), arrowstyle="-|>",
                                     mutation_scale=14, color="#333", lw=1.4))

    # input layer
    inp = [("Crop Species\n& Trait Selection"), ("Target Protein\n(Effector)"),
           ("Codon Table\n& Parameters"), ("GA Settings\n(pop / gen / μ)")]
    for i, t in enumerate(inp):
        box(2 + i * 24.5, 84, 22, 12, t, BLUE)
    # engine layer
    box(2, 60, 46, 16, "Genetic Algorithm Engine\n(NSGA-II capable · liability-directed mutation)", DBLUE)
    box(52, 60, 46, 16, "Multi-Objective Fitness\n(CAI · tAI · Harmony · Structure · Safety · GC)", DGREEN)
    # analysis modules
    mods = [("Codon\nOptimizer\n(CAI / tAI)", GREEN), ("mRNA\nStructure\n(5′ open)", GREEN),
            ("Translation\nDynamics", GREEN), ("CRISPR\ngRNA\nDesign", PURPLE),
            ("Safety\nScanner", RED)]
    for i, (t, c) in enumerate(mods):
        box(2 + i * 19.6, 34, 18, 18, t, c, fs=10)
    # output
    outs = ["Optimised CDS\n(FASTA / GenBank)", "Expression\nCassette",
            "Pathway\nBalance Map", "Safety\nReport"]
    for i, t in enumerate(outs):
        box(2 + i * 24.5, 10, 22, 14, t, ORANGE, fs=10)

    arrow(24, 84, 24, 76.5); arrow(36, 84, 25, 76.5)
    arrow(74, 84, 74, 76.5)
    arrow(25, 60, 25, 52.5); arrow(74, 60, 74, 52.5)
    arrow(11, 34, 13, 24); arrow(40, 34, 36, 24)
    arrow(60, 34, 62, 24); arrow(89, 34, 86, 24)
    _save(fig, "fig1_architecture.png")


# ── Figure 2 — multi-objective fitness ───────────────────────────────────────
def fig2_fitness():
    # REAL normalised sub-scores computed for a rice DREB2A CAI-max sequence and
    # genuine PDD default / folding designs (same normalisers the GA uses).
    import math, random
    from core.mechanisms import EFFECTORS
    from core.codons import get_codon_usage
    from core.designer import AdvancedDnaDesigner
    from core.analyzer import DnaAnalyzer
    from core.expression import TransgeneSafetyScanner, translation_dynamics_score
    random.seed(0); np.random.seed(0)
    _prot = EFFECTORS["DREB2A"]["protein"]; _cu = get_codon_usage("rice"); _tgc = 45.0

    def _axes(dna):
        a = DnaAnalyzer(dna); gc = a.gc_content()
        cl = lambda v: max(0.0, min(1.0, v))
        return [cl(a.calculate_cai(_cu)), cl(a.tai_score("rice")), cl(a.codon_harmony(_cu)),
                math.exp(-((gc - _tgc) / 8.0) ** 2),
                cl(1 + a.start_codon_structure_penalty() / 0.4),
                cl(a.body_structure_score() / 0.4),
                1 - cl(TransgeneSafetyScanner(dna).scan()["penalty"] / 6.0),
                cl(translation_dynamics_score(dna, _cu))]

    _dd = AdvancedDnaDesigner(_prot, "rice", 40, 60, "rice", harmonize=False)
    _df = AdvancedDnaDesigner(_prot, "rice", 40, 60, "rice", harmonize=True)
    caimax = _axes(_dd._create_optimal_individual())
    default = _axes(_dd.generate_sequence(_tgc, [], ["AAAAAA"], mutation_rate=0.15)[0])
    folding = _axes(_df.generate_sequence(_tgc, [], ["AAAAAA"], mutation_rate=0.15)[0])

    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(13.5, 5.6))
    _title(fig, 2, "Multi-Objective Fitness Function Design")
    axR = fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 1, projection="polar")
    axB = fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 2)

    labels = ["CAI", "tAI", "Harmony", "GC\nFidelity", "Start\nOpen",
              "Body\nStruct", "Safety", "Dyn\nScore"]
    ang = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, len(labels), endpoint=False).tolist()
    ang += ang[:1]
    for vals, name, col in [(caimax, "CAI-max", RED),
                            (default, "PDD Default", DBLUE),
                            (folding, "PDD Folding", GREEN)]:
        v = vals + vals[:1]
        axR.plot(ang, v, color=col, lw=2, label=name)
        axR.fill(ang, v, color=col, alpha=0.12)
    axR.set_xticks(ang[:-1]); axR.set_xticklabels(labels, fontsize=9)
    axR.set_ylim(0, 1.05); axR.set_yticks([0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0])
    axR.set_yticklabels(["0.25", "0.5", "0.75", "1.0"], fontsize=7.5)
    axR.set_title("Normalised Sub-Score Profile", fontsize=12, pad=18)
    axR.legend(loc="upper right", bbox_to_anchor=(1.18, 1.16), fontsize=8.5)

    # Read the REAL weight table live from the code so this panel can never drift
    # from the GA. Display names + tier colours are derived from the weights.
    _NAMES = {
        "forbidden_motifs": "Forbidden Motifs", "cai": "CAI",
        "transgene_safety": "Transgene Safety", "gc_fidelity": "GC Fidelity",
        "start_openness": "Start Openness", "tai": "tAI",
        "plantcare_motifs": "PlantCARE Motifs", "hexamer_profile": "Hexamer Profile",
        "codon_harmony": "Codon Harmony", "restriction_sites": "Restriction Sites",
        "codon_pair": "Codon Pair", "gc3": "GC3 Wobble", "mtdr": "MTDR",
        "codon_ramp": "Codon Ramp", "kozak": "Kozak", "body_structure": "Body Structure",
        "translation_dynamics": "Translation Dynamics", "stability_motifs": "Stability Motifs",
        "homopolymer": "Homopolymer", "translation_rhythm": "Folding Rhythm",
    }
    _tier = lambda w: RED if w >= 90 else ("#b07c1f" if w >= 70 else GREEN)
    W = AdvancedDnaDesigner._WEIGHTS
    n_active = sum(1 for w in W.values() if w > 0)
    top = sorted(((w, _NAMES.get(k, k)) for k, w in W.items() if w > 0), reverse=True)[:10]
    objs = [(name, w, _tier(w)) for w, name in top]
    objs = objs[::-1]
    names = [o[0] for o in objs]; vals = [o[1] for o in objs]; cols = [o[2] for o in objs]
    y = np.arange(len(objs))
    axB.barh(y, vals, color=cols, edgecolor="white")
    for yi, v in zip(y, vals):
        axB.text(v + 2, yi, str(v), va="center", fontsize=9)
    axB.set_yticks(y); axB.set_yticklabels(names, fontsize=9.5)
    axB.set_xlabel("Relative Weight"); axB.set_xlim(0, 145)
    axB.set_title(f"Fitness Objective Weights\n(top 10 of {n_active} objectives)", fontsize=12)
    axB.grid(axis="x", color="white"); axB.set_axisbelow(True)
    handles = [Line2D([0], [0], color=RED, lw=8, label="Critical (≥90)"),
               Line2D([0], [0], color="#b07c1f", lw=8, label="High (70–89)"),
               Line2D([0], [0], color=GREEN, lw=8, label="Medium (<70)")]
    axB.legend(handles=handles, fontsize=8.5, loc="lower right")
    fig.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0, 1, 0.95])
    _panel(axR, "A"); _panel(axB, "B")
    _save(fig, "fig2_fitness.png")


# ── Figure 3 — translation dynamics ──────────────────────────────────────────
def fig3_dynamics():
    # REAL data: a rice DREB2A CAI-max sequence vs a genuine PDD folding-mode
    # design; velocity from elongation_profile, boundaries from the real
    # Kyte-Doolittle domain-boundary predictor.
    import random
    from core.mechanisms import EFFECTORS
    from core.codons import get_codon_usage
    from core.designer import AdvancedDnaDesigner
    from core.expression import (elongation_profile, ideal_speed_schedule,
                                 predict_domain_boundaries, _KYTE_DOOLITTLE)
    random.seed(0); np.random.seed(0)
    protein = EFFECTORS["DREB2A"]["protein"]
    cu = get_codon_usage("rice")
    d = AdvancedDnaDesigner(protein, "rice", population_size=40, generations=60,
                            codon_table="rice", harmonize=True)
    cai_seq = d._create_optimal_individual()
    pdd_seq = d.generate_sequence(45.0, [], ["AAAAAA"], mutation_rate=0.15)[0]
    cprof = np.array(elongation_profile(cai_seq, cu))
    pprof = np.array(elongation_profile(pdd_seq, cu))
    n = int(min(len(cprof), len(pprof)))
    bnds = [b for b in predict_domain_boundaries(protein) if b < n]
    sched = np.array(ideal_speed_schedule(n, bnds))

    def smooth(a, k=5):
        return np.convolve(a, np.ones(k) / k, mode="same")

    fig, (axL, axR) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(13.5, 5.4))
    _title(fig, 3, "Translation Dynamics & Domain Boundary Model")
    x = np.arange(n)
    axL.axvspan(0, 25, color="#f4d8b0", alpha=0.5, label="Ramp zone")
    axL.plot(x, sched, "--", color="#888", lw=2, label="Ideal schedule")
    axL.plot(x, smooth(pprof[:n]), color=DBLUE, lw=1.8, label="PDD (folding mode)")
    axL.plot(x, smooth(cprof[:n]), color=RED, lw=1.2, alpha=0.85, label="CAI-max")
    for b in bnds:
        axL.axvline(b, color=GREEN, ls=":", lw=1)
    axL.set_xlabel("Codon position"); axL.set_ylabel("Relative elongation speed (smoothed)")
    axL.set_title("Ribosome Velocity Trajectory\n(real: DREB2A, rice)", fontsize=12)
    axL.set_ylim(0, 1.15); axL.legend(fontsize=8.5, loc="lower right")
    axL.grid(color="white"); axL.set_axisbelow(True)

    h = np.array([_KYTE_DOOLITTLE.get(a, 0.0) for a in protein])
    hs = smooth(h, 9)
    aa = np.arange(len(protein))
    axR.axhline(hs.mean(), color="#888", ls=":", lw=1, label="mean hydropathy")
    axR.plot(aa, hs, color=DBLUE, lw=2, label="Smoothed hydropathy")
    bb = [b for b in bnds if b < len(protein)]
    for b in bb:
        axR.axvline(b, color=GREEN, ls="--", lw=1.2)
    axR.scatter(bb, [hs[b] for b in bb], color=GREEN, zorder=5, s=36,
                label="Predicted linker (pause)")
    axR.set_xlabel("Amino acid position"); axR.set_ylabel("Kyte–Doolittle hydropathy")
    axR.set_title("Domain Boundary Detection\n(real: predict_domain_boundaries)", fontsize=12)
    axR.legend(fontsize=8.5, loc="upper right"); axR.grid(color="white"); axR.set_axisbelow(True)
    fig.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0, 1, 0.94])
    _panel(axL, "A"); _panel(axR, "B")
    _save(fig, "fig3_dynamics.png")


# ── Figure 4 — Kozak context ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
def fig4_kozak():
    # Plot PDD's REAL clade Kozak tables (softmax of the model's log-odds weights
    # → a genuine per-position nucleotide-preference distribution).
    import math
    from core.expression import (_KOZAK_WEIGHTS_DICOT as KD,
                                 _KOZAK_WEIGHTS_MONOCOT as KM)
    fig, (axD, axM) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(14.0, 5.6))
    _title(fig, 4, "Species-Specific Kozak Translation Initiation Context")
    # Columns are the offsets the code actually scores: -6..-1 upstream and +4
    # (offset 3 = first base after the ATG). The ATG itself is fixed.
    labels = ["-6", "-5", "-4", "-3", "-2", "-1", "AUG", "+4"]
    offsets = {"-6": -6, "-5": -5, "-4": -4, "-3": -3, "-2": -2, "-1": -1, "+4": 3}
    NT = ["A", "C", "G", "U"]                       # mRNA; the code stores T
    cols = {"A": RED, "C": BLUE, "G": GREEN, "U": ORANGE}

    def prefs(table, off):
        w = table[off]
        raw = {nt: w.get("T" if nt == "U" else nt, min(w.values())) for nt in NT}
        e = {nt: math.exp(raw[nt]) for nt in NT}
        s = sum(e.values())
        return {nt: e[nt] / s for nt in NT}

    def stacked(ax, table, title):
        x = np.arange(len(labels))
        bottom = np.zeros(len(labels))
        for nt in NT:
            vals = [prefs(table, offsets[p])[nt] if p != "AUG" else 0 for p in labels]
            ax.bar(x, vals, 0.8, bottom=bottom, color=cols[nt], label=nt, edgecolor="white", lw=0.3)
            bottom += np.array(vals)
        ax.axvline(6, color="black", ls="--", lw=1.6)
        ax.text(6, 1.06, "AUG", ha="center", fontweight="bold")
        ax.set_xticks(x); ax.set_xticklabels(labels)
        ax.set_ylim(0, 1.1)
        ax.set_ylabel("Model nucleotide preference\n(softmax of weight table)")
        ax.set_xlabel("Position relative to AUG start codon")
        ax.set_title(title, fontsize=12)
        ax.legend(title="Nucleotide", fontsize=9, loc="upper left")

    stacked(axD, KD, "Dicot Kozak Context\n(A-rich; Joshi 1987)")
    stacked(axM, KM, "Monocot Kozak Context\n(GC-richer; Sawant 2001)")
    fig.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0, 1, 0.93])
    _panel(axD, "A"); _panel(axM, "B")
    _save(fig, "fig4_kozak.png")


# ── Figure 5 — expression cassette ───────────────────────────────────────────
def fig5_cassette():
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(13.8, 6.0))
    ax.set_xlim(0, 100); ax.set_ylim(0, 100); ax.axis("off")
    _title(fig, 5, "Full Expression Cassette Architecture")
    ax.text(50, 86, "Validated Part Libraries", ha="center", fontsize=13, fontweight="bold")
    # Order mirrors the real cassette designer (cassette.py): promoter →
    # 5'UTR leader → IME intron → CDS → terminator. The terminator carries the
    # 3'UTR + poly-A signal; the designer emits no separate 3'UTR element.
    modules = [("Promoter", "CaMV 35S / Ubi1 / Act1", BLUE, "~800 bp", 18),
               ("5′ Leader", "TMV Ω / AMV", PURPLE, "~67 bp", 12),
               ("IME Intron", "Splicing enhancer", "#0e8a8a", "~200 bp", 15),
               ("Codon-Optimised CDS", "GA-designed sequence", DGREEN, "Variable", 24),
               ("Terminator", "NOS / rbcS-E9 (3′UTR + poly-A)", RED, "~250 bp", 22)]
    x = 2
    for name, sub, col, size, w in modules:
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((x, 52), w, 18, boxstyle="round,pad=0.3,rounding_size=1.5",
                                    fc=col, ec="white", lw=1.5))
        ax.text(x + w / 2, 64, name, ha="center", va="center", color="white",
                fontsize=11, fontweight="bold")
        ax.text(x + w / 2, 57, sub, ha="center", va="center", color="white",
                fontsize=8.5, style="italic")
        ax.annotate("", (x, 47), (x + w, 47), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="<->", color="#555"))
        ax.text(x + w / 2, 43, size, ha="center", fontsize=9)
        x += w + 1
    legend = [(BLUE, "Strong constitutive promoter (species-selected from validated library)"),
              (PURPLE, "5′ translational enhancer leader (verbatim validated sequence)"),
              ("#0e8a8a", "IME intron (clade-specific: AU-rich dicot / GC-balanced monocot)"),
              (DGREEN, "Codon-optimised CDS (de-novo, GA-designed, plant-specific)"),
              (RED, "Terminator (selected from validated library; supplies 3′UTR + poly-A)")]
    ax.text(3, 33, "Legend:", fontsize=11, fontweight="bold")
    for i, (col, txt) in enumerate(legend):
        yy = 27 - i * 6
        ax.add_patch(FancyBboxPatch((4, yy), 6, 3.5, boxstyle="round,pad=0.2,rounding_size=1",
                                    fc=col, ec="white"))
        ax.text(12, yy + 1.7, txt, fontsize=9.5, va="center")
    _save(fig, "fig5_cassette.png")


# ── Figure 6 — benchmark (7 strategies) ──────────────────────────────────────
def fig6_benchmark():
    # Labels identical to Table 2 for consistency (full tool mapping is in the caption).
    STR = ["Random", "CAI-max", "IDT", "TISIGNER", "CAI+GC", "PDD", "PDD-fold"]
    # Real-codon-table benchmark (GA 60×80, rice, 6 effectors, TARGET_GC=50, seed=0);
    # tGCN from real GtRNAdb tables + dos Reis wobble-weighted tAI. Verbatim
    # `python -m benchmark` output (full tAI/MTDR columns are in Table 2).
    CAI = [0.731, 1.000, 0.793, 0.955, 1.000, 0.790, 0.775]
    HARM = [0.747, 0.422, 0.930, 0.495, 0.433, 0.774, 0.815]
    DYN = [0.722, 0.649, 0.740, 0.699, 0.650, 0.741, 0.761]
    OPENR = [-0.248, -0.347, -0.139, -0.153, -0.351, -0.114, -0.129]
    SAFE = [3.47, 2.33, 3.00, 2.92, 2.58, 0.00, 0.25]
    GCD = [3.5, 21.8, 7.5, 18.9, 21.0, 4.0, 4.1]
    OPENN = [1 + p for p in OPENR]
    SAFEN = [max(0, 1 - v / 6.0) for v in SAFE]
    # Per-strategy SD across the 6 proteins (from `python -m benchmark`), shown as
    # error bars. OPENN inherits 5′-open SD (linear shift); SAFEN scales SD by 1/6.
    CAI_SD = [0.008, 0.000, 0.005, 0.008, 0.000, 0.019, 0.008]
    HARM_SD = [0.021, 0.024, 0.007, 0.022, 0.018, 0.028, 0.019]
    DYN_SD = [0.015, 0.013, 0.016, 0.016, 0.013, 0.021, 0.026]
    OPEN_SD = [0.095, 0.161, 0.124, 0.103, 0.116, 0.059, 0.065]
    SAFE_SD = [0.876, 0.753, 1.342, 1.320, 0.861, 0.000, 0.612]
    SAFEN_SD = [s / 6.0 for s in SAFE_SD]
    METRICS = [("CAI", CAI, CAI_SD, BLUE), ("Harmony", HARM, HARM_SD, GREEN),
               ("Dyn Score", DYN, DYN_SD, ORANGE), ("5′ Openness", OPENN, OPEN_SD, PURPLE),
               ("Safety (inv.)", SAFEN, SAFEN_SD, RED)]

    fig, (axL, axR) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(14.4, 5.8))
    _title(fig, 6, "Strategy Benchmark Results")
    n = len(STR); x = np.arange(n); w = 0.16
    for i, (lab, vals, sds, col) in enumerate(METRICS):
        axL.bar(x + (i - 2) * w, vals, w, label=lab, color=col, edgecolor="white", lw=0.4,
                yerr=sds, error_kw=dict(elinewidth=0.7, capsize=1.5, ecolor="0.35"))
    axL.set_title("7 Strategies × 5 Metrics\n(comparators reproduce external-tool algorithms; 6 rice effectors)",
                  fontsize=12)
    axL.set_ylabel("Normalised Score (0–1)"); axL.set_xticks(x)
    axL.set_xticklabels(STR, fontsize=8.5); axL.set_ylim(0, 1.08)
    axL.legend(ncol=3, fontsize=8.5, loc="upper left", framealpha=0.9)
    axL.axvspan(4.5, 6.5, color="#dfe7dd", alpha=0.35, zorder=0)
    axL.grid(axis="y", color="white"); axL.set_axisbelow(True)

    axR2 = axR.twinx(); bw = 0.38
    b1 = axR.bar(x - bw / 2, GCD, bw, color="#4878a8", edgecolor="white", label="GC deviation (pp)")
    b2 = axR2.bar(x + bw / 2, SAFE, bw, color="#c44", edgecolor="white", hatch="///",
                  alpha=0.55, label="Safety violations")
    axR.set_title("GC Target Deviation & Safety Violations", fontsize=12)
    axR.set_ylabel("GC Deviation (pp)", color="#2c5d8f")
    axR2.set_ylabel("Transgene Safety Violations", color="#b22")
    axR.set_xticks(x); axR.set_xticklabels(STR, fontsize=8.5)
    axR.tick_params(axis="y", labelcolor="#2c5d8f"); axR2.tick_params(axis="y", labelcolor="#b22")
    axR.set_ylim(0, 25.5); axR2.set_ylim(0, 4.4)
    for xi, g in zip(x, GCD):
        axR.text(xi - bw / 2, g + 0.3, f"{g:.1f}", ha="center", fontsize=8, color="#2c5d8f")
    for xi, s in zip(x, SAFE):
        axR2.text(xi + bw / 2, s + 0.06, f"{s:.2f}", ha="center", fontsize=8, color="#b22")
    axR.legend([b1, b2], [b1.get_label(), b2.get_label()], loc="upper right", fontsize=9)
    axR.grid(axis="y", color="white"); axR.set_axisbelow(True)
    fig.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0, 1, 0.93])
    _panel(axL, "A"); _panel(axR, "B")
    _save(fig, "fig6_benchmark.png")


# ── Figure 7 — GA convergence + Pareto ───────────────────────────────────────
def fig7_ga_pareto():
    # REAL data: an actual GA convergence trace and an actual NSGA-II Pareto
    # front for a rice GRF4 design, read from the designer's own run reports.
    import random
    from core.mechanisms import EFFECTORS
    from core.designer import AdvancedDnaDesigner
    random.seed(0); np.random.seed(0)
    protein = EFFECTORS["GRF4"]["protein"]

    dc = AdvancedDnaDesigner(protein, "rice", population_size=80, generations=140,
                             codon_table="rice")
    dc.generate_sequence(45.0, [], ["AAAAAA"], mutation_rate=0.12)
    conv = dc.last_run["convergence"]
    g = np.array([c["generation"] for c in conv])
    best = np.array([c["best"] for c in conv])
    mean = np.array([c["mean"] for c in conv])
    gens_run = dc.last_run["generations_run"]

    fig, (axL, axR) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(13.5, 5.4))
    _title(fig, 7, "GA Convergence & Pareto Trade-Off Front")
    axL.plot(g, best, color=DBLUE, lw=2, label="Best fitness")
    axL.plot(g, mean, color=ORANGE, lw=1.6, label="Mean fitness")
    axL.set_xlabel("Generation"); axL.set_ylabel("Aggregate fitness score")
    axL.set_title(f"Genetic Algorithm Convergence\n(GRF4, rice; pop 80, {gens_run} generations run)",
                  fontsize=12)
    axL.legend(fontsize=8.5, loc="lower right"); axL.grid(color="white"); axL.set_axisbelow(True)

    dp = AdvancedDnaDesigner(protein, "rice", population_size=60, generations=60,
                             codon_table="rice")
    front = dp.generate_pareto(45.0, [], ["AAAAAA"], front_size=40)
    expr = np.array([f["axes"]["expression"] for f in front])
    stab = np.array([f["axes"]["stability"] for f in front])
    safe = np.array([f["axes"]["safety"] for f in front])
    sc = axR.scatter(expr, stab, c=safe, cmap="RdYlGn", s=55, edgecolor="#444", lw=0.5)
    axR.scatter([expr[0]], [stab[0]], marker="*", s=340, color=GREEN, edgecolor="k",
                zorder=6, label="Balanced knee")
    fig.colorbar(sc, ax=axR, label="Safety axis (higher = cleaner)", fraction=0.046, pad=0.02)
    axR.set_xlabel("Expression axis"); axR.set_ylabel("mRNA stability axis")
    axR.set_title(f"NSGA-II Pareto Front ({len(front)} designs)\n(expression vs. stability, coloured by safety)",
                  fontsize=12)
    axR.legend(fontsize=8.5, loc="best"); axR.grid(color="white"); axR.set_axisbelow(True)
    fig.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0, 1, 0.93])
    _panel(axL, "A"); _panel(axR, "B")
    _save(fig, "fig7_ga_pareto.png")


# ── Figure 8 — pathway balance + 18-species coverage ─────────────────────────
def fig8_pathway_species():
    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(HERE, "..", "cool"))
    from core.species import SPECIES_PROFILES, clade_for

    fig, (axL, axR) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(14.6, 6.4),
                                   gridspec_kw={"width_ratios": [1, 1.25]})
    _title(fig, 8, "Pathway Balance & 18-Species Coverage Matrix")

    # REAL pathway design: a rice biofortification co-expression stack built from
    # effectors in the repo, run through the actual multi-gene designer.
    from core.mechanisms import EFFECTORS
    from core.pathway import design_pathway
    stack = [("Ferritin", "Fe", 1.0), ("OsNAS2", "Zn", 0.8),
             ("PSY", "provit-A", 0.6), ("GTPCHI", "folate", 0.4)]
    pgenes = [{"name": n, "trait": t, "protein": EFFECTORS[n]["protein"], "level": L}
              for n, t, L in stack]
    res = design_pathway(pgenes, clade="monocot", codon_table="rice")
    short = {n: t for n, t, _ in stack}
    genes = [f"{g['name']}\n({short[g['name']]})" for g in res["genes"]]
    levels = [g["target_level"] for g in res["genes"]]
    tcai = [g["target_cai"] for g in res["genes"]]
    pred = [g["predicted_expression"] for g in res["genes"]]
    x = np.arange(len(genes)); w = 0.27
    axL.bar(x - w, tcai, w, label="Target CAI", color=BLUE, edgecolor="white")
    axL.bar(x, pred, w, label="Predicted expression", color=GREEN, edgecolor="white")
    axL.bar(x + w, levels, w, label="Relative level target", color=ORANGE, edgecolor="white", hatch="//")
    for xi, t in zip(x, tcai):
        axL.text(xi - w, t + 0.01, f"{t:.2f}", ha="center", fontsize=7.5)
    axL.set_xticks(x); axL.set_xticklabels(genes, fontsize=8.5)
    axL.set_ylim(0, 1.1); axL.set_ylabel("Score / Level (0–1)")
    axL.set_title("Multi-Gene Pathway Balance\n(rice biofortification stack)", fontsize=12)
    axL.legend(fontsize=8.5, loc="upper right")
    axL.text(-0.38, 1.05, f"Balance score: {res['balance_score']:.2f} ({res['balance_grade']})",
             ha="left", fontsize=9.5, color=DGREEN, fontweight="bold",
             bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc="#dff0df", ec=GREEN))
    axL.grid(axis="y", color="white"); axL.set_axisbelow(True)

    # coverage matrix — read live from the code/data so it never drifts
    order = ["rice", "maize", "arabidopsis", "tomato", "soybean", "wheat", "barley",
             "sorghum", "potato", "cassava", "tobacco", "grape", "cotton", "sugarcane",
             "canola", "banana", "peanut", "sunflower"]
    # Crops whose OWN sequenced genome is committed as real GtRNAdb tGCN data
    # (core/data/tgcn/<crop>.fa). Read from disk so adding a genome auto-upgrades
    # the matrix; the rest map to a real nearest relative (proxy).
    tgcn_dir = os.path.join(HERE, "..", "cool", "core", "data", "tgcn")
    own_tgcn = {os.path.splitext(f)[0].lower() for f in os.listdir(tgcn_dir)
                if f.endswith(".fa")}
    feats = ["Codon\nTable", "tRNA\ntGCN", "Kozak\nContext", "IME\nIntron", "miRNA\nLibrary"]
    M = np.zeros((len(order), len(feats)))
    for r, sp in enumerate(order):
        M[r, 0] = 1.0                       # codon table — REAL per-species CUTG for all 18
        M[r, 1] = 1.0 if sp in own_tgcn else 0.5  # tGCN — own GtRNAdb genome vs nearest-real relative
        M[r, 2] = 1.0                       # Kozak — clade-specific, all covered
        M[r, 3] = 1.0                       # IME intron — clade-specific
        M[r, 4] = 1.0                       # miRNA — base library + monocot extras
    cmap = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("cov", ["#ffffff", "#e8a13a", "#1d6b2e"])
    axR.imshow(M, cmap=cmap, vmin=0, vmax=1, aspect="auto")
    axR.set_xticks(range(len(feats))); axR.set_xticklabels(feats, fontsize=9)
    names = [SPECIES_PROFILES[s]["common_name"] for s in order]
    axR.set_yticks(range(len(order)))
    axR.set_yticklabels([f"{n}" for n in names], fontsize=8)
    for r, sp in enumerate(order):
        for c in range(len(feats)):
            v = M[r, c]
            mark = "●" if v == 1.0 else ("◑" if v == 0.5 else "○")
            axR.text(c, r, mark, ha="center", va="center",
                     color="white" if v == 1.0 else "#333", fontsize=10)
        # clade tag
        tag = "M" if clade_for(sp) == "monocot" else "D"
        axR.text(len(feats) - 0.35, r, tag, ha="left", va="center", fontsize=7,
                 color="#666", fontweight="bold")
    axR.set_title("Species Feature Coverage\n(● full  ◑ proxy  ○ none;  M=monocot D=dicot)",
                  fontsize=12)
    fig.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0, 1, 0.93])
    _panel(axL, "A"); _panel(axR, "B")
    _save(fig, "fig8_pathway_species.png")


def main():
    fig1_architecture()
    fig2_fitness()
    fig3_dynamics()
    fig4_kozak()
    fig5_cassette()
    fig6_benchmark()
    fig7_ga_pareto()
    fig8_pathway_species()
    print("\nAll 8 figures regenerated with correct, sequential numbering.")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()