diff --git a/.claude/settings.local.json b/.claude/settings.local.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b7d73c49b7b9fd620076d4a649b8268347494ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.claude/settings.local.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "permissions": {
+    "allow": [
+      "Bash(.venv/Scripts/python.exe -c ' *)"
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index a6344aac8c09253b3b630fb776ae94478aa0275b..60eed160ada4c236ffbfc0ca5ff8945c7b5fd2e9 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -33,3 +33,5 @@ saved_model/**/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 *.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 *.zst filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 *tfevents* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_C.cp313-win_amd64.pyd filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet/hf_xet.pyd filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6c26cd4aa389e97569ad63b23dc6bd0499aa79f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Python-generated files
+__pycache__/
+*.py[oc]
+build/
+dist/
+wheels/
+*.egg-info
+
+# Virtual environments
+.venv
+PROMPT.md
diff --git a/.python-version b/.python-version
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..24ee5b1be9961e38a503c8e764b7385dbb6ba124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.python-version
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.13
diff --git a/.venv/.gitignore b/.venv/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f59ec20aabf5842d237244ece8c81ab184faeac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/CACHEDIR.TAG b/.venv/CACHEDIR.TAG
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc1ecb967a482524e7736038de0df6e08f9ee452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/CACHEDIR.TAG
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_distutils_hack/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_distutils_hack/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94f71b99ecefd27e6cf3fd06fc3c0eef5fd73910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_distutils_hack/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+# don't import any costly modules
+import os
+import sys
+
+report_url = (
+    "https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/new?template=distutils-deprecation.yml"
+)
+
+
+def warn_distutils_present():
+    if 'distutils' not in sys.modules:
+        return
+    import warnings
+
+    warnings.warn(
+        "Distutils was imported before Setuptools, but importing Setuptools "
+        "also replaces the `distutils` module in `sys.modules`. This may lead "
+        "to undesirable behaviors or errors. To avoid these issues, avoid "
+        "using distutils directly, ensure that setuptools is installed in the "
+        "traditional way (e.g. not an editable install), and/or make sure "
+        "that setuptools is always imported before distutils."
+    )
+
+
+def clear_distutils():
+    if 'distutils' not in sys.modules:
+        return
+    import warnings
+
+    warnings.warn(
+        "Setuptools is replacing distutils. Support for replacing "
+        "an already imported distutils is deprecated. In the future, "
+        "this condition will fail. "
+        f"Register concerns at {report_url}"
+    )
+    mods = [
+        name
+        for name in sys.modules
+        if name == "distutils" or name.startswith("distutils.")
+    ]
+    for name in mods:
+        del sys.modules[name]
+
+
+def enabled():
+    """
+    Allow selection of distutils by environment variable.
+    """
+    which = os.environ.get('SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS', 'local')
+    if which == 'stdlib':
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Reliance on distutils from stdlib is deprecated. Users "
+            "must rely on setuptools to provide the distutils module. "
+            "Avoid importing distutils or import setuptools first, "
+            "and avoid setting SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=stdlib. "
+            f"Register concerns at {report_url}"
+        )
+    return which == 'local'
+
+
+def ensure_local_distutils():
+    import importlib
+
+    clear_distutils()
+
+    # With the DistutilsMetaFinder in place,
+    # perform an import to cause distutils to be
+    # loaded from setuptools._distutils. Ref #2906.
+    with shim():
+        importlib.import_module('distutils')
+
+    # check that submodules load as expected
+    core = importlib.import_module('distutils.core')
+    assert '_distutils' in core.__file__, core.__file__
+    assert 'setuptools._distutils.log' not in sys.modules
+
+
+def do_override():
+    """
+    Ensure that the local copy of distutils is preferred over stdlib.
+
+    See https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/417#issuecomment-392298401
+    for more motivation.
+    """
+    if enabled():
+        warn_distutils_present()
+        ensure_local_distutils()
+
+
+class _TrivialRe:
+    def __init__(self, *patterns) -> None:
+        self._patterns = patterns
+
+    def match(self, string):
+        return all(pat in string for pat in self._patterns)
+
+
+class DistutilsMetaFinder:
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
+        # optimization: only consider top level modules and those
+        # found in the CPython test suite.
+        if path is not None and not fullname.startswith('test.'):
+            return None
+
+        method_name = 'spec_for_{fullname}'.format(**locals())
+        method = getattr(self, method_name, lambda: None)
+        return method()
+
+    def spec_for_distutils(self):
+        if self.is_cpython():
+            return None
+
+        import importlib
+        import importlib.abc
+        import importlib.util
+
+        try:
+            mod = importlib.import_module('setuptools._distutils')
+        except Exception:
+            # There are a couple of cases where setuptools._distutils
+            # may not be present:
+            # - An older Setuptools without a local distutils is
+            #   taking precedence. Ref #2957.
+            # - Path manipulation during sitecustomize removes
+            #   setuptools from the path but only after the hook
+            #   has been loaded. Ref #2980.
+            # In either case, fall back to stdlib behavior.
+            return None
+
+        class DistutilsLoader(importlib.abc.Loader):
+            def create_module(self, spec):
+                mod.__name__ = 'distutils'
+                return mod
+
+            def exec_module(self, module):
+                pass
+
+        return importlib.util.spec_from_loader(
+            'distutils', DistutilsLoader(), origin=mod.__file__
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_cpython():
+        """
+        Suppress supplying distutils for CPython (build and tests).
+        Ref #2965 and #3007.
+        """
+        return os.path.isfile('pybuilddir.txt')
+
+    def spec_for_pip(self):
+        """
+        Ensure stdlib distutils when running under pip.
+        See pypa/pip#8761 for rationale.
+        """
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 12) or self.pip_imported_during_build():
+            return
+        clear_distutils()
+        self.spec_for_distutils = lambda: None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def pip_imported_during_build(cls):
+        """
+        Detect if pip is being imported in a build script. Ref #2355.
+        """
+        import traceback
+
+        return any(
+            cls.frame_file_is_setup(frame) for frame, line in traceback.walk_stack(None)
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def frame_file_is_setup(frame):
+        """
+        Return True if the indicated frame suggests a setup.py file.
+        """
+        # some frames may not have __file__ (#2940)
+        return frame.f_globals.get('__file__', '').endswith('setup.py')
+
+    def spec_for_sensitive_tests(self):
+        """
+        Ensure stdlib distutils when running select tests under CPython.
+
+        python/cpython#91169
+        """
+        clear_distutils()
+        self.spec_for_distutils = lambda: None
+
+    sensitive_tests = (
+        [
+            'test.test_distutils',
+            'test.test_peg_generator',
+            'test.test_importlib',
+        ]
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 10)
+        else [
+            'test.test_distutils',
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+for name in DistutilsMetaFinder.sensitive_tests:
+    setattr(
+        DistutilsMetaFinder,
+        f'spec_for_{name}',
+        DistutilsMetaFinder.spec_for_sensitive_tests,
+    )
+
+
+DISTUTILS_FINDER = DistutilsMetaFinder()
+
+
+def add_shim():
+    DISTUTILS_FINDER in sys.meta_path or insert_shim()
+
+
+class shim:
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        insert_shim()
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc: object, value: object, tb: object) -> None:
+        _remove_shim()
+
+
+def insert_shim():
+    sys.meta_path.insert(0, DISTUTILS_FINDER)
+
+
+def _remove_shim():
+    try:
+        sys.meta_path.remove(DISTUTILS_FINDER)
+    except ValueError:
+        pass
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+    # DistutilsMetaFinder can only be disabled in Python < 3.12 (PEP 632)
+    remove_shim = _remove_shim
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_distutils_hack/override.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_distutils_hack/override.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2cc433a4a55e3b41fa31089918fb62096092f89f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_distutils_hack/override.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__import__('_distutils_hack').do_override()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_virtualenv.pth b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_virtualenv.pth
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..74d2eb6578fd774c6d8e324cd2fad5efb8beb747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_virtualenv.pth
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:69ac3d8f27e679c81b94ab30b3b56e9cd138219b1ba94a1fa3606d5a76a1433d
+size 18
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_virtualenv.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_virtualenv.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c1f22640d567f04c9880b90566436ee5ba14400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_virtualenv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+"""Patches that are applied at runtime to the virtual environment."""
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+VIRTUALENV_PATCH_FILE = os.path.join(__file__)
+
+
+def patch_dist(dist):
+    """
+    Distutils allows user to configure some arguments via a configuration file:
+    https://docs.python.org/3.11/install/index.html#distutils-configuration-files.
+
+    Some of this arguments though don't make sense in context of the virtual environment files, let's fix them up.
+    """  # noqa: D205
+    # we cannot allow some install config as that would get packages installed outside of the virtual environment
+    old_parse_config_files = dist.Distribution.parse_config_files
+
+    def parse_config_files(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        result = old_parse_config_files(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        install = self.get_option_dict("install")
+
+        if "prefix" in install:  # the prefix governs where to install the libraries
+            install["prefix"] = VIRTUALENV_PATCH_FILE, os.path.abspath(sys.prefix)
+        for base in ("purelib", "platlib", "headers", "scripts", "data"):
+            key = f"install_{base}"
+            if key in install:  # do not allow global configs to hijack venv paths
+                install.pop(key, None)
+        return result
+
+    dist.Distribution.parse_config_files = parse_config_files
+
+
+# Import hook that patches some modules to ignore configuration values that break package installation in case
+# of virtual environments.
+_DISTUTILS_PATCH = "distutils.dist", "setuptools.dist"
+# https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#setting-up-an-importer
+
+
+class _Finder:
+    """A meta path finder that allows patching the imported distutils modules."""
+
+    fullname = None
+
+    # lock[0] is threading.Lock(), but initialized lazily to avoid importing threading very early at startup,
+    # because there are gevent-based applications that need to be first to import threading by themselves.
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/1895 for details.
+    lock = []  # noqa: RUF012
+
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):  # noqa: ARG002
+        if fullname in _DISTUTILS_PATCH and self.fullname is None:
+            # initialize lock[0] lazily
+            if len(self.lock) == 0:
+                import threading
+
+                lock = threading.Lock()
+                # there is possibility that two threads T1 and T2 are simultaneously running into find_spec,
+                # observing .lock as empty, and further going into hereby initialization. However due to the GIL,
+                # list.append() operation is atomic and this way only one of the threads will "win" to put the lock
+                # - that every thread will use - into .lock[0].
+                # https://docs.python.org/3/faq/library.html#what-kinds-of-global-value-mutation-are-thread-safe
+                self.lock.append(lock)
+
+            from functools import partial
+            from importlib.util import find_spec
+
+            with self.lock[0]:
+                self.fullname = fullname
+                try:
+                    spec = find_spec(fullname, path)
+                    if spec is not None:
+                        # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0451/#how-loading-will-work
+                        is_new_api = hasattr(spec.loader, "exec_module")
+                        func_name = "exec_module" if is_new_api else "load_module"
+                        old = getattr(spec.loader, func_name)
+                        func = self.exec_module if is_new_api else self.load_module
+                        if old is not func:
+                            try:  # noqa: SIM105
+                                setattr(spec.loader, func_name, partial(func, old))
+                            except AttributeError:
+                                pass  # C-Extension loaders are r/o such as zipimporter with <3.7
+                        return spec
+                finally:
+                    self.fullname = None
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def exec_module(old, module):
+        old(module)
+        if module.__name__ in _DISTUTILS_PATCH:
+            patch_dist(module)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def load_module(old, name):
+        module = old(name)
+        if module.__name__ in _DISTUTILS_PATCH:
+            patch_dist(module)
+        return module
+
+
+sys.meta_path.insert(0, _Finder())
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_yaml/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_yaml/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7baa8c4b68127d5cdf0be9a799429e61347c2694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/_yaml/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# This is a stub package designed to roughly emulate the _yaml
+# extension module, which previously existed as a standalone module
+# and has been moved into the `yaml` package namespace.
+# It does not perfectly mimic its old counterpart, but should get
+# close enough for anyone who's relying on it even when they shouldn't.
+import yaml
+
+# in some circumstances, the yaml module we imoprted may be from a different version, so we need
+# to tread carefully when poking at it here (it may not have the attributes we expect)
+if not getattr(yaml, '__with_libyaml__', False):
+    from sys import version_info
+
+    exc = ModuleNotFoundError if version_info >= (3, 6) else ImportError
+    raise exc("No module named '_yaml'")
+else:
+    from yaml._yaml import *
+    import warnings
+    warnings.warn(
+        'The _yaml extension module is now located at yaml._yaml'
+        ' and its location is subject to change.  To use the'
+        ' LibYAML-based parser and emitter, import from `yaml`:'
+        ' `from yaml import CLoader as Loader, CDumper as Dumper`.',
+        DeprecationWarning
+    )
+    del warnings
+    # Don't `del yaml` here because yaml is actually an existing
+    # namespace member of _yaml.
+
+__name__ = '_yaml'
+# If the module is top-level (i.e. not a part of any specific package)
+# then the attribute should be set to ''.
+# https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/types.html
+__package__ = ''
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c69047b2eb8235994febeeae1da4a82365a240a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uv
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73ee4910ca78a80f1df883e6f439085a35261a36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: anyio
+Version: 4.14.1
+Summary: High-level concurrency and networking framework on top of asyncio or Trio
+Author-email: Alex Grönholm <alex.gronholm@nextday.fi>
+License-Expression: MIT
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/versionhistory.html
+Project-URL: Source code, https://github.com/agronholm/anyio
+Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/issues
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Framework :: AnyIO
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.15
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Dist: exceptiongroup>=1.0.2; python_version < "3.11"
+Requires-Dist: idna>=2.8
+Requires-Dist: typing_extensions>=4.5; python_version < "3.13"
+Provides-Extra: trio
+Requires-Dist: trio>=0.32.0; extra == "trio"
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
+  :target: https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/actions/workflows/test.yml
+  :alt: Build Status
+.. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/agronholm/anyio/badge.svg?branch=master
+  :target: https://coveralls.io/github/agronholm/anyio?branch=master
+  :alt: Code Coverage
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/anyio/badge/?version=latest
+  :target: https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
+  :alt: Documentation
+.. image:: https://badges.gitter.im/gitterHQ/gitter.svg
+  :target: https://gitter.im/python-trio/AnyIO
+  :alt: Gitter chat
+.. image:: https://tidelift.com/badges/package/pypi/anyio
+  :target: https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-anyio
+  :alt: Tidelift
+
+AnyIO is an asynchronous networking and concurrency library that works on top of either asyncio_ or
+Trio_. It implements Trio-like `structured concurrency`_ (SC) on top of asyncio and works in harmony
+with the native SC of Trio itself.
+
+Applications and libraries written against AnyIO's API will run unmodified on either asyncio_ or
+Trio_. AnyIO can also be adopted into a library or application incrementally – bit by bit, no full
+refactoring necessary. It will blend in with the native libraries of your chosen backend.
+
+To find out why you might want to use AnyIO's APIs instead of asyncio's, you can read about it
+`here <https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/why.html>`_.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+View full documentation at: https://anyio.readthedocs.io/
+
+Features
+--------
+
+AnyIO offers the following functionality:
+
+* Task groups (nurseries_ in trio terminology)
+* High-level networking (TCP, UDP and UNIX sockets)
+
+  * `Happy eyeballs`_ algorithm for TCP connections (more robust than that of asyncio on Python
+    3.8)
+  * async/await style UDP sockets (unlike asyncio where you still have to use Transports and
+    Protocols)
+
+* A versatile API for byte streams and object streams
+* Inter-task synchronization and communication (locks, conditions, events, semaphores, object
+  streams)
+* Worker threads
+* Subprocesses
+* Subinterpreter support for code parallelization (on Python 3.13 and later)
+* Asynchronous file I/O (using worker threads)
+* Signal handling
+* Asynchronous versions of the functools_ and itertools_ modules
+
+AnyIO also comes with its own pytest_ plugin which also supports asynchronous fixtures.
+It even works with the popular Hypothesis_ library.
+
+.. _asyncio: https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html
+.. _Trio: https://github.com/python-trio/trio
+.. _structured concurrency: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_concurrency
+.. _nurseries: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference-core.html#nurseries-and-spawning
+.. _Happy eyeballs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Eyeballs
+.. _pytest: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/
+.. _functools: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html
+.. _itertools: https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html
+.. _Hypothesis: https://hypothesis.works/
+
+Security contact information
+----------------------------
+
+To report a security vulnerability, please use the `Tidelift security contact`_.
+Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure.
+
+.. _Tidelift security contact: https://tidelift.com/security
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..acbcfdc66f72e0b627f66c04a6824d6fdc24c1c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=5hhM4Q4mYTT9z6QB6PGpUAW81PGNFrYrdXMj4oM_6ak,2
+anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=bfkjYaZLYPsPI5JV_Gn7HYF65mteyE8nhjaI0ZqC4L4,4645
+anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=aeYiig01lYGDzBgS8HxWXOg3uV61G9ijOsup-k9o1sk,91
+anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=_d6Yu6uiaZmNe0CydowirE9Cmg7zUL2g08tQpoS3Qvc,39
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+anyio/_core/_typedattr.py,sha256=P4ozZikn3-DbpoYcvyghS_FOYAgbmUxeoU8-L_07pZM,2508
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+anyio/from_thread.py,sha256=JYsbaCaIB_Iit6kNhtXSteJGt4PcQ7ncq0nIpcelIrg,19265
+anyio/functools.py,sha256=T4JS8IXq-x1S0Lbo2owF8l9fza2KypO147QLeyz4cjs,11797
+anyio/itertools.py,sha256=QV-9mnRCr2yBph8g01QFvN-bQ_Yle-8Sl13YSydBlMI,16168
+anyio/lowlevel.py,sha256=WPtppHfI2qs1nokzjn8elL8LvyqI05AK5Zslhlo71A4,6242
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+anyio/pytest_plugin.py,sha256=paMpI_VMNQf2bir0LfvgMpXSiYJoHDzWdKUVTyoHmvQ,13609
+anyio/streams/__init__.py,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+anyio/streams/buffered.py,sha256=v3xKtjFHgNV41g2SvMAkA_qd2t9WYlCI1_lNGCAatw0,6650
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+anyio/streams/stapled.py,sha256=T8Xqwf8K6EgURPxbt1N4i7A8BAk-gScv-GRhjLXIf_o,4390
+anyio/streams/text.py,sha256=BcVAGJw1VRvtIqnv-o0Rb0pwH7p8vwlvl21xHq522ag,5765
+anyio/streams/tls.py,sha256=DQVkXUvsTEYKkBO8dlVU7j_5H8QOtLy4sGi1Wrjqevo,15303
+anyio/to_interpreter.py,sha256=_mLngrMy97TMR6VbW4Y6YzDUk9ZuPcQMPlkuyRh3C9k,7100
+anyio/to_process.py,sha256=68qhLfce7MeXysid4fOpmhfWkgdo7Z7-9BC0VyUciIE,9809
+anyio/to_thread.py,sha256=f6h_k2d743GBv9FhAnhM_YpTvWgIrzBy9cOE0eJ1UJw,2693
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/REQUESTED b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14a883f292bc96b20c2b76a3081991f2676523a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (82.0.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..44dd9bdc3039122cc98014c1439ca254313fd014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[pytest11]
+anyio = anyio.pytest_plugin
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..104eebf5a3002fccdaceef3a4cb936173c1c2035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2018 Alex Grönholm
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/scm_file_list.json b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/scm_file_list.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72a48145f533714ddb8ec6198464e494fa5c0c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/scm_file_list.json
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+{
+  "files": [
+    ".pre-commit-config.yaml",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "pyproject.toml",
+    "AGENTS.md",
+    "README.rst",
+    "CLAUDE.md",
+    ".readthedocs.yml",
+    ".gitignore",
+    "docs/tempfile.rst",
+    "docs/signals.rst",
+    "docs/synchronization.rst",
+    "docs/contextmanagers.rst",
+    "docs/testing.rst",
+    "docs/networking.rst",
+    "docs/contributing.rst",
+    "docs/index.rst",
+    "docs/versionhistory.rst",
+    "docs/threads.rst",
+    "docs/api.rst",
+    "docs/typedattrs.rst",
+    "docs/basics.rst",
+    "docs/fileio.rst",
+    "docs/cancellation.rst",
+    "docs/support.rst",
+    "docs/streams.rst",
+    "docs/why.rst",
+    "docs/tasks.rst",
+    "docs/migration.rst",
+    "docs/conf.py",
+    "docs/subprocesses.rst",
+    "docs/faq.rst",
+    "docs/subinterpreters.rst",
+    "src/anyio/functools.py",
+    "src/anyio/py.typed",
+    "src/anyio/__init__.py",
+    "src/anyio/pytest_plugin.py",
+    "src/anyio/itertools.py",
+    "src/anyio/to_interpreter.py",
+    "src/anyio/from_thread.py",
+    "src/anyio/to_process.py",
+    "src/anyio/to_thread.py",
+    "src/anyio/lowlevel.py",
+    "src/anyio/_backends/_trio.py",
+    "src/anyio/_backends/__init__.py",
+    "src/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py",
+    "src/anyio/streams/memory.py",
+    "src/anyio/streams/__init__.py",
+    "src/anyio/streams/tls.py",
+    "src/anyio/streams/file.py",
+    "src/anyio/streams/text.py",
+    "src/anyio/streams/stapled.py",
+    "src/anyio/streams/buffered.py",
+    "src/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py",
+    "src/anyio/abc/__init__.py",
+    "src/anyio/abc/_sockets.py",
+    "src/anyio/abc/_tasks.py",
+    "src/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py",
+    "src/anyio/abc/_resources.py",
+    "src/anyio/abc/_streams.py",
+    "src/anyio/abc/_testing.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/__init__.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_sockets.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_tasks.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_fileio.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_resources.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_streams.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_signals.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py",
+    "src/anyio/_core/_testing.py",
+    "tests/test_itertools.py",
+    "tests/test_functools.py",
+    "tests/test_eventloop.py",
+    "tests/__init__.py",
+    "tests/test_to_thread.py",
+    "tests/test_from_thread.py",
+    "tests/test_lowlevel.py",
+    "tests/test_to_interpreter.py",
+    "tests/test_sockets.py",
+    "tests/test_typedattr.py",
+    "tests/test_to_process.py",
+    "tests/test_all_attributes.py",
+    "tests/test_synchronization.py",
+    "tests/test_debugging.py",
+    "tests/test_contextmanagers.py",
+    "tests/test_fileio.py",
+    "tests/conftest.py",
+    "tests/test_signals.py",
+    "tests/test_deprecations.py",
+    "tests/test_tempfile.py",
+    "tests/test_taskgroups.py",
+    "tests/test_pytest_plugin.py",
+    "tests/test_subprocesses.py",
+    "tests/streams/test_text.py",
+    "tests/streams/test_memory.py",
+    "tests/streams/__init__.py",
+    "tests/streams/test_file.py",
+    "tests/streams/test_stapled.py",
+    "tests/streams/test_tls.py",
+    "tests/streams/test_buffered.py",
+    ".github/pull_request_template.md",
+    ".github/dependabot.yml",
+    ".github/FUNDING.yml",
+    ".github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/features_request.yaml",
+    ".github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yaml",
+    ".github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml",
+    ".github/workflows/test.yml",
+    ".github/workflows/test-downstream.yml",
+    ".github/workflows/publish.yml"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/scm_version.json b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/scm_version.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..17978b35204d9c13b2ef43272644b28e359a2949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/scm_version.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "tag": "4.14.1",
+  "distance": 0,
+  "node": "g149b9e907618fadf6840a4d3cebad533b0c7d033",
+  "dirty": false,
+  "branch": "HEAD",
+  "node_date": "2026-06-24"
+}
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c77c069ecc9b7f8b1f97dbcfec905725db0253a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio-4.14.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+anyio
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2502c760bcc1d640be2de20f620d52fc3364cb55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._core._contextmanagers import AsyncContextManagerMixin as AsyncContextManagerMixin
+from ._core._contextmanagers import ContextManagerMixin as ContextManagerMixin
+from ._core._eventloop import current_time as current_time
+from ._core._eventloop import get_all_backends as get_all_backends
+from ._core._eventloop import get_available_backends as get_available_backends
+from ._core._eventloop import get_cancelled_exc_class as get_cancelled_exc_class
+from ._core._eventloop import run as run
+from ._core._eventloop import sleep as sleep
+from ._core._eventloop import sleep_forever as sleep_forever
+from ._core._eventloop import sleep_until as sleep_until
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenResourceError as BrokenResourceError
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerInterpreter as BrokenWorkerInterpreter
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerProcess as BrokenWorkerProcess
+from ._core._exceptions import BusyResourceError as BusyResourceError
+from ._core._exceptions import ClosedResourceError as ClosedResourceError
+from ._core._exceptions import ConnectionFailed as ConnectionFailed
+from ._core._exceptions import DelimiterNotFound as DelimiterNotFound
+from ._core._exceptions import EndOfStream as EndOfStream
+from ._core._exceptions import IncompleteRead as IncompleteRead
+from ._core._exceptions import NoEventLoopError as NoEventLoopError
+from ._core._exceptions import RunFinishedError as RunFinishedError
+from ._core._exceptions import TaskCancelled as TaskCancelled
+from ._core._exceptions import TaskFailed as TaskFailed
+from ._core._exceptions import TaskNotFinished as TaskNotFinished
+from ._core._exceptions import TypedAttributeLookupError as TypedAttributeLookupError
+from ._core._exceptions import WouldBlock as WouldBlock
+from ._core._fileio import AsyncFile as AsyncFile
+from ._core._fileio import Path as Path
+from ._core._fileio import open_file as open_file
+from ._core._fileio import wrap_file as wrap_file
+from ._core._resources import aclose_forcefully as aclose_forcefully
+from ._core._signals import open_signal_receiver as open_signal_receiver
+from ._core._sockets import TCPConnectable as TCPConnectable
+from ._core._sockets import UNIXConnectable as UNIXConnectable
+from ._core._sockets import as_connectable as as_connectable
+from ._core._sockets import connect_tcp as connect_tcp
+from ._core._sockets import connect_unix as connect_unix
+from ._core._sockets import create_connected_udp_socket as create_connected_udp_socket
+from ._core._sockets import (
+    create_connected_unix_datagram_socket as create_connected_unix_datagram_socket,
+)
+from ._core._sockets import create_tcp_listener as create_tcp_listener
+from ._core._sockets import create_udp_socket as create_udp_socket
+from ._core._sockets import create_unix_datagram_socket as create_unix_datagram_socket
+from ._core._sockets import create_unix_listener as create_unix_listener
+from ._core._sockets import getaddrinfo as getaddrinfo
+from ._core._sockets import getnameinfo as getnameinfo
+from ._core._sockets import notify_closing as notify_closing
+from ._core._sockets import wait_readable as wait_readable
+from ._core._sockets import wait_socket_readable as wait_socket_readable
+from ._core._sockets import wait_socket_writable as wait_socket_writable
+from ._core._sockets import wait_writable as wait_writable
+from ._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream as create_memory_object_stream
+from ._core._subprocesses import open_process as open_process
+from ._core._subprocesses import run_process as run_process
+from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter as CapacityLimiter
+from ._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiterStatistics as CapacityLimiterStatistics,
+)
+from ._core._synchronization import Condition as Condition
+from ._core._synchronization import ConditionStatistics as ConditionStatistics
+from ._core._synchronization import Event as Event
+from ._core._synchronization import EventStatistics as EventStatistics
+from ._core._synchronization import Lock as Lock
+from ._core._synchronization import LockStatistics as LockStatistics
+from ._core._synchronization import ResourceGuard as ResourceGuard
+from ._core._synchronization import Semaphore as Semaphore
+from ._core._synchronization import SemaphoreStatistics as SemaphoreStatistics
+from ._core._tasks import TASK_STATUS_IGNORED as TASK_STATUS_IGNORED
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope as CancelScope
+from ._core._tasks import TaskHandle as TaskHandle
+from ._core._tasks import create_task_group as create_task_group
+from ._core._tasks import current_effective_deadline as current_effective_deadline
+from ._core._tasks import fail_after as fail_after
+from ._core._tasks import move_on_after as move_on_after
+from ._core._tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile as NamedTemporaryFile
+from ._core._tempfile import SpooledTemporaryFile as SpooledTemporaryFile
+from ._core._tempfile import TemporaryDirectory as TemporaryDirectory
+from ._core._tempfile import TemporaryFile as TemporaryFile
+from ._core._tempfile import gettempdir as gettempdir
+from ._core._tempfile import gettempdirb as gettempdirb
+from ._core._tempfile import mkdtemp as mkdtemp
+from ._core._tempfile import mkstemp as mkstemp
+from ._core._testing import TaskInfo as TaskInfo
+from ._core._testing import get_current_task as get_current_task
+from ._core._testing import get_running_tasks as get_running_tasks
+from ._core._testing import wait_all_tasks_blocked as wait_all_tasks_blocked
+from ._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider as TypedAttributeProvider
+from ._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeSet as TypedAttributeSet
+from ._core._typedattr import typed_attribute as typed_attribute
+
+# Re-export imports so they look like they live directly in this package
+for __value in list(locals().values()):
+    if getattr(__value, "__module__", "").startswith("anyio."):
+        __value.__module__ = __name__
+
+
+del __value
+
+
+def __getattr__(attr: str) -> type[BrokenWorkerInterpreter]:
+    """Support deprecated aliases."""
+    if attr == "BrokenWorkerIntepreter":
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The 'BrokenWorkerIntepreter' alias is deprecated, use 'BrokenWorkerInterpreter' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return BrokenWorkerInterpreter
+
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__!r} has no attribute {attr!r}")
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6fd95553d20adb9e866244e9b8564232091615b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3077 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import array
+import asyncio
+import concurrent.futures
+import contextvars
+import math
+import os
+import socket
+import sys
+import threading
+import weakref
+from asyncio import (
+    AbstractEventLoop,
+    CancelledError,
+    all_tasks,
+    create_task,
+    current_task,
+    get_running_loop,
+    sleep,
+)
+from asyncio.base_events import _run_until_complete_cb  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+from collections import OrderedDict, deque
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Coroutine,
+    Iterable,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from concurrent.futures import Future
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextvars import Context, copy_context
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import partial, wraps
+from inspect import (
+    CORO_RUNNING,
+    CORO_SUSPENDED,
+    getcoroutinestate,
+)
+from io import IOBase
+from os import PathLike
+from queue import Queue
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from threading import Thread
+from types import CodeType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Literal,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+from .. import (
+    CapacityLimiterStatistics,
+    EventStatistics,
+    LockStatistics,
+    TaskInfo,
+    abc,
+)
+from .._core._eventloop import (
+    claim_worker_thread,
+    set_current_async_library,
+    threadlocals,
+)
+from .._core._exceptions import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    BusyResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    RunFinishedError,
+    WouldBlock,
+)
+from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr
+from .._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as BaseCapacityLimiter,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Event as BaseEvent
+from .._core._synchronization import Lock as BaseLock
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    ResourceGuard,
+    SemaphoreStatistics,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Semaphore as BaseSemaphore
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as BaseCancelScope
+from .._core._tasks import TaskHandle
+from ..abc import (
+    AsyncBackend,
+    IPSockAddrType,
+    SocketListener,
+    UDPPacketType,
+    UNIXDatagramPacketType,
+)
+from ..abc._eventloop import StrOrBytesPath
+from ..abc._tasks import call_for_coroutine, get_callable_name
+from ..lowlevel import RunVar
+from ..streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+else:
+    FileDescriptorLike = object
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from asyncio import Runner
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    import contextvars
+    import enum
+    import signal
+    from asyncio import coroutines, events, exceptions, tasks
+
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+    class _State(enum.Enum):
+        CREATED = "created"
+        INITIALIZED = "initialized"
+        CLOSED = "closed"
+
+    class Runner:
+        # Copied from CPython 3.11
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            *,
+            debug: bool | None = None,
+            loop_factory: Callable[[], AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+        ):
+            self._state = _State.CREATED
+            self._debug = debug
+            self._loop_factory = loop_factory
+            self._loop: AbstractEventLoop | None = None
+            self._context = None
+            self._interrupt_count = 0
+            self._set_event_loop = False
+
+        def __enter__(self) -> Runner:
+            self._lazy_init()
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(
+            self,
+            exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+            exc_val: BaseException | None,
+            exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+        ) -> None:
+            self.close()
+
+        def close(self) -> None:
+            """Shutdown and close event loop."""
+            loop = self._loop
+            if self._state is not _State.INITIALIZED or loop is None:
+                return
+            try:
+                _cancel_all_tasks(loop)
+                loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
+                if hasattr(loop, "shutdown_default_executor"):
+                    loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_default_executor())
+                else:
+                    loop.run_until_complete(_shutdown_default_executor(loop))
+            finally:
+                if self._set_event_loop:
+                    events.set_event_loop(None)
+                loop.close()
+                self._loop = None
+                self._state = _State.CLOSED
+
+        def get_loop(self) -> AbstractEventLoop:
+            """Return embedded event loop."""
+            self._lazy_init()
+            return self._loop
+
+        def run(self, coro: Coroutine[T_Retval], *, context=None) -> T_Retval:
+            """Run a coroutine inside the embedded event loop."""
+            if not coroutines.iscoroutine(coro):
+                raise ValueError(f"a coroutine was expected, got {coro!r}")
+
+            if events._get_running_loop() is not None:
+                # fail fast with short traceback
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Runner.run() cannot be called from a running event loop"
+                )
+
+            self._lazy_init()
+
+            if context is None:
+                context = self._context
+            task = context.run(self._loop.create_task, coro)
+
+            if (
+                threading.current_thread() is threading.main_thread()
+                and signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT) is signal.default_int_handler
+            ):
+                sigint_handler = partial(self._on_sigint, main_task=task)
+                try:
+                    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint_handler)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # `signal.signal` may throw if `threading.main_thread` does
+                    # not support signals (e.g. embedded interpreter with signals
+                    # not registered - see gh-91880)
+                    sigint_handler = None
+            else:
+                sigint_handler = None
+
+            self._interrupt_count = 0
+            try:
+                return self._loop.run_until_complete(task)
+            except exceptions.CancelledError:
+                if self._interrupt_count > 0:
+                    uncancel = getattr(task, "uncancel", None)
+                    if uncancel is not None and uncancel() == 0:
+                        raise KeyboardInterrupt  # noqa: B904
+                raise  # CancelledError
+            finally:
+                if (
+                    sigint_handler is not None
+                    and signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT) is sigint_handler
+                ):
+                    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.default_int_handler)
+
+        def _lazy_init(self) -> None:
+            if self._state is _State.CLOSED:
+                raise RuntimeError("Runner is closed")
+            if self._state is _State.INITIALIZED:
+                return
+            if self._loop_factory is None:
+                self._loop = events.new_event_loop()
+                if not self._set_event_loop:
+                    # Call set_event_loop only once to avoid calling
+                    # attach_loop multiple times on child watchers
+                    events.set_event_loop(self._loop)
+                    self._set_event_loop = True
+            else:
+                self._loop = self._loop_factory()
+            if self._debug is not None:
+                self._loop.set_debug(self._debug)
+            self._context = contextvars.copy_context()
+            self._state = _State.INITIALIZED
+
+        def _on_sigint(self, signum, frame, main_task: asyncio.Task) -> None:
+            self._interrupt_count += 1
+            if self._interrupt_count == 1 and not main_task.done():
+                main_task.cancel()
+                # wakeup loop if it is blocked by select() with long timeout
+                self._loop.call_soon_threadsafe(lambda: None)
+                return
+            raise KeyboardInterrupt()
+
+    def _cancel_all_tasks(loop: AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+        to_cancel = tasks.all_tasks(loop)
+        if not to_cancel:
+            return
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            task.cancel()
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(tasks.gather(*to_cancel, return_exceptions=True))
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            if task.cancelled():
+                continue
+            if task.exception() is not None:
+                loop.call_exception_handler(
+                    {
+                        "message": "unhandled exception during asyncio.run() shutdown",
+                        "exception": task.exception(),
+                        "task": task,
+                    }
+                )
+
+    async def _shutdown_default_executor(loop: AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+        """Schedule the shutdown of the default executor."""
+
+        def _do_shutdown(future: asyncio.futures.Future) -> None:
+            try:
+                loop._default_executor.shutdown(wait=True)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                loop.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_result, None)
+            except Exception as ex:
+                loop.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_exception, ex)
+
+        loop._executor_shutdown_called = True
+        if loop._default_executor is None:
+            return
+        future = loop.create_future()
+        thread = threading.Thread(target=_do_shutdown, args=(future,))
+        thread.start()
+        try:
+            await future
+        finally:
+            thread.join()
+
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+_root_task: RunVar[asyncio.Task | None] = RunVar("_root_task")
+
+
+def find_root_task() -> asyncio.Task:
+    root_task = _root_task.get(None)
+    if root_task is not None and not root_task.done():
+        return root_task
+
+    # Look for a task that has been started via run_until_complete()
+    for task in all_tasks():
+        if task._callbacks and not task.done():
+            callbacks = [cb for cb, context in task._callbacks]
+            for cb in callbacks:
+                if (
+                    cb is _run_until_complete_cb
+                    or getattr(cb, "__module__", None) == "uvloop.loop"
+                ):
+                    _root_task.set(task)
+                    return task
+
+    # Look up the topmost task in the AnyIO task tree, if possible
+    task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+    state = _task_states.get(task)
+    if state:
+        cancel_scope = state.cancel_scope
+        while cancel_scope and cancel_scope._parent_scope is not None:
+            cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        if cancel_scope is not None:
+            return cast(asyncio.Task, cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+    return task
+
+
+#
+# Event loop
+#
+
+_run_vars: WeakKeyDictionary[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, Any] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+
+def _task_started(task: asyncio.Task) -> bool:
+    """Return ``True`` if the task has been started and has not finished."""
+    # The task coro should never be None here, as we never add finished tasks to the
+    # task list
+    coro = task.get_coro()
+    assert coro is not None
+    return getcoroutinestate(coro) in (CORO_RUNNING, CORO_SUSPENDED)
+
+
+#
+# Timeouts and cancellation
+#
+
+
+def is_anyio_cancellation(exc: CancelledError) -> bool:
+    # Sometimes third party frameworks catch a CancelledError and raise a new one, so as
+    # a workaround we have to look at the previous ones in __context__ too for a
+    # matching cancel message
+    while True:
+        if (
+            exc.args
+            and isinstance(exc.args[0], str)
+            and exc.args[0].startswith("Cancelled via cancel scope ")
+        ):
+            return True
+
+        if isinstance(exc.__context__, CancelledError):
+            exc = exc.__context__
+            continue
+
+        return False
+
+
+class CancelScope(BaseCancelScope):
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_active",
+        "_cancel_called",
+        "_cancel_handle",
+        "_cancel_reason",
+        "_cancelled_caught",
+        "_child_scopes",
+        "_deadline",
+        "_host_task",
+        "_parent_scope",
+        "_pending_uncancellations",
+        "_shield",
+        "_tasks",
+        "_timeout_handle",
+    )
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False):
+        self._deadline = deadline
+        self._shield = shield
+        self._parent_scope: CancelScope | None = None
+        self._child_scopes: set[CancelScope] = set()
+        self._cancel_called = False
+        self._cancel_reason: str | None = None
+        self._cancelled_caught = False
+        self._active = False
+        self._timeout_handle: asyncio.TimerHandle | None = None
+        self._cancel_handle: asyncio.Handle | None = None
+        self._tasks: set[asyncio.Task] = set()
+        self._host_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+            self._pending_uncancellations: int | None = 0
+        else:
+            self._pending_uncancellations = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        if self._active:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Each CancelScope may only be used for a single 'with' block"
+            )
+
+        self._host_task = host_task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        self._tasks.add(host_task)
+        try:
+            task_state = _task_states[host_task]
+        except KeyError:
+            task_state = TaskState(None, self)
+            _task_states[host_task] = task_state
+        else:
+            self._parent_scope = task_state.cancel_scope
+            task_state.cancel_scope = self
+            if self._parent_scope is not None:
+                # If using an eager task factory, the parent scope may not even contain
+                # the host task
+                self._parent_scope._child_scopes.add(self)
+                self._parent_scope._tasks.discard(host_task)
+
+        self._timeout()
+        self._active = True
+
+        # Start cancelling the host task if the scope was cancelled before entering
+        if self._cancel_called:
+            self._deliver_cancellation(self)
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        del exc_tb
+
+        if not self._active:
+            raise RuntimeError("This cancel scope is not active")
+        if current_task() is not self._host_task:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to exit cancel scope in a different task than it was "
+                "entered in"
+            )
+
+        assert self._host_task is not None
+        host_task_state = _task_states.get(self._host_task)
+        if host_task_state is None or host_task_state.cancel_scope is not self:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to exit a cancel scope that isn't the current tasks's "
+                "current cancel scope"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            self._active = False
+            if self._timeout_handle:
+                self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+                self._timeout_handle = None
+
+            self._tasks.remove(self._host_task)
+            if self._parent_scope is not None:
+                self._parent_scope._child_scopes.remove(self)
+                self._parent_scope._tasks.add(self._host_task)
+
+            host_task_state.cancel_scope = self._parent_scope
+
+            # Restart the cancellation effort in the closest visible, cancelled parent
+            # scope if necessary
+            self._restart_cancellation_in_parent()
+
+            # We only swallow the exception iff it was an AnyIO CancelledError, either
+            # directly as exc_val or inside an exception group and there are no cancelled
+            # parent cancel scopes visible to us here
+            if self._cancel_called and not self._parent_cancellation_is_visible_to_us:
+                # For each level-cancel() call made on the host task, call uncancel()
+                while self._pending_uncancellations:
+                    self._host_task.uncancel()
+                    self._pending_uncancellations -= 1
+
+                # Update cancelled_caught and check for exceptions we must not swallow
+                if isinstance(exc_val, BaseExceptionGroup):
+                    cancelleds_caught, remaining = exc_val.split(
+                        lambda exc: (
+                            isinstance(exc, CancelledError)
+                            and is_anyio_cancellation(exc)
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                    if cancelleds_caught is None:
+                        return False
+
+                    self._cancelled_caught = True
+
+                    if remaining is None:
+                        return True
+
+                    context = remaining.__context__
+                    try:
+                        # Preserve __cause__ and __suppress_context__ by avoiding `raise
+                        # ... from ...`
+                        raise remaining
+                    finally:
+                        # Preserve __context__
+                        remaining.__context__ = context
+                        del context
+                else:
+                    if isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError) and is_anyio_cancellation(
+                        exc_val
+                    ):
+                        self._cancelled_caught = True
+                        return True
+                    else:
+                        return False
+            else:
+                if self._pending_uncancellations:
+                    assert self._parent_scope is not None
+                    assert self._parent_scope._pending_uncancellations is not None
+                    self._parent_scope._pending_uncancellations += (
+                        self._pending_uncancellations
+                    )
+                    self._pending_uncancellations = 0
+
+                return False
+        finally:
+            self._host_task = None
+            del exc_val
+
+    @property
+    def _effectively_cancelled(self) -> bool:
+        cancel_scope: CancelScope | None = self
+        while cancel_scope is not None:
+            if cancel_scope._cancel_called:
+                return True
+
+            if cancel_scope.shield:
+                return False
+
+            cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def _parent_cancellation_is_visible_to_us(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self._parent_scope is not None
+            and not self.shield
+            and self._parent_scope._effectively_cancelled
+        )
+
+    def _timeout(self) -> None:
+        if self._deadline != math.inf:
+            loop = get_running_loop()
+            if loop.time() >= self._deadline:
+                self.cancel("deadline exceeded")
+            else:
+                self._timeout_handle = loop.call_at(self._deadline, self._timeout)
+
+    def _deliver_cancellation(self, origin: CancelScope) -> bool:
+        """
+        Deliver cancellation to directly contained tasks and nested cancel scopes.
+
+        Schedule another run at the end if we still have tasks eligible for
+        cancellation.
+
+        :param origin: the cancel scope that originated the cancellation
+        :return: ``True`` if the delivery needs to be retried on the next cycle
+
+        """
+        should_retry = False
+        current = current_task()
+        for task in self._tasks:
+            should_retry = True
+            if task._must_cancel:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                continue
+
+            # The task is eligible for cancellation if it has started
+            if task is not current and (task is self._host_task or _task_started(task)):
+                waiter = task._fut_waiter  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                if not isinstance(waiter, asyncio.Future) or not waiter.done():
+                    task.cancel(origin._cancel_reason)
+                    if (
+                        task is origin._host_task
+                        and origin._pending_uncancellations is not None
+                    ):
+                        origin._pending_uncancellations += 1
+
+        # Deliver cancellation to child scopes that aren't shielded or running their own
+        # cancellation callbacks
+        for scope in self._child_scopes:
+            if not scope._shield and not scope.cancel_called:
+                should_retry = scope._deliver_cancellation(origin) or should_retry
+
+        # Schedule another callback if there are still tasks left
+        if origin is self:
+            if should_retry:
+                self._cancel_handle = get_running_loop().call_soon(
+                    self._deliver_cancellation, origin
+                )
+            else:
+                self._cancel_handle = None
+
+        return should_retry
+
+    def _restart_cancellation_in_parent(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Restart the cancellation effort in the closest directly cancelled parent scope.
+
+        """
+        scope = self._parent_scope
+        while scope is not None:
+            if scope._cancel_called:
+                if scope._cancel_handle is None:
+                    scope._deliver_cancellation(scope)
+
+                break
+
+            # No point in looking beyond any shielded scope
+            if scope._shield:
+                break
+
+            scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        if not self._cancel_called:
+            if self._timeout_handle:
+                self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+                self._timeout_handle = None
+
+            self._cancel_called = True
+            self._cancel_reason = f"Cancelled via cancel scope {id(self):x}"
+            if task := current_task():
+                self._cancel_reason += f" by {task}"
+
+            if reason:
+                self._cancel_reason += f"; reason: {reason}"
+
+            if self._host_task is not None:
+                self._deliver_cancellation(self)
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        return self._deadline
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self._deadline = float(value)
+        if self._timeout_handle is not None:
+            self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._timeout_handle = None
+
+        if self._active and not self._cancel_called:
+            self._timeout()
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        return self._cancel_called
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        return self._cancelled_caught
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        return self._shield
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        if self._shield != value:
+            self._shield = value
+            if not value:
+                self._restart_cancellation_in_parent()
+
+
+#
+# Task states
+#
+
+
+class TaskState:
+    """
+    Encapsulates auxiliary task information that cannot be added to the Task instance
+    itself because there are no guarantees about its implementation.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "parent_id", "cancel_scope", "__weakref__"
+
+    def __init__(self, parent_id: int | None, cancel_scope: CancelScope | None):
+        self.parent_id = parent_id
+        self.cancel_scope = cancel_scope
+
+
+_task_states: WeakKeyDictionary[asyncio.Task, TaskState] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+
+#
+# Task groups
+#
+
+
+class _AsyncioTaskStatus(abc.TaskStatus):
+    def __init__(self, future: asyncio.Future, parent_id: int):
+        self._future = future
+        self._parent_id = parent_id
+
+    def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._future.set_result(value)
+        except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+            if not self._future.cancelled():
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "called 'started' twice on the same task status"
+                ) from None
+
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        _task_states[task].parent_id = self._parent_id
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    _eager_task_factory_code: CodeType | None = asyncio.eager_task_factory.__code__
+else:
+    _eager_task_factory_code = None
+
+
+class TaskGroup(abc.TaskGroup):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.cancel_scope: CancelScope = CancelScope()
+        self._entered = False
+        self._exceptions: list[BaseException] = []
+        self._tasks: set[asyncio.Task] = set()
+        self._on_completed_fut: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        if self._entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("TaskGroup cannot be entered more than once")
+
+        self._entered = True
+
+        self.cancel_scope.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        try:
+            if exc_val is not None:
+                self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+                if not isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError):
+                    self._exceptions.append(exc_val)
+
+            loop = get_running_loop()
+            try:
+                if self._tasks:
+                    with CancelScope() as wait_scope:
+                        while self._tasks:
+                            self._on_completed_fut = loop.create_future()
+
+                            try:
+                                await self._on_completed_fut
+                            except CancelledError as exc:
+                                # Shield the scope against further cancellation attempts,
+                                # as they're not productive (#695)
+                                wait_scope.shield = True
+                                self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+                                # Set exc_val from the cancellation exception if it was
+                                # previously unset. However, we should not replace a native
+                                # cancellation exception with one raise by a cancel scope.
+                                if exc_val is None or (
+                                    isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError)
+                                    and not is_anyio_cancellation(exc)
+                                ):
+                                    exc_val = exc
+
+                            self._on_completed_fut = None
+                else:
+                    # If there are no child tasks to wait on, run at least one checkpoint
+                    # anyway
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+                if self._exceptions:
+                    # The exception that got us here should already have been
+                    # added to self._exceptions so it's ok to break exception
+                    # chaining and avoid adding a "During handling of above..."
+                    # for each nesting level.
+                    raise BaseExceptionGroup(
+                        "unhandled errors in a TaskGroup", self._exceptions
+                    ) from None
+                elif exc_val:
+                    raise exc_val
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                if self.cancel_scope.__exit__(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__):
+                    return True
+
+                raise
+
+            return self.cancel_scope.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+        finally:
+            del exc_val, exc_tb, self._exceptions
+
+    def _spawn(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        name: object,
+        task_status_future: asyncio.Future | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        def task_done(_task: asyncio.Task) -> None:
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and self.cancel_scope._host_task is not None:
+                asyncio.future_discard_from_awaited_by(
+                    _task, self.cancel_scope._host_task
+                )
+
+            task_state = _task_states[_task]
+            assert task_state.cancel_scope is not None
+            assert _task in task_state.cancel_scope._tasks
+            task_state.cancel_scope._tasks.remove(_task)
+            self._tasks.remove(task)
+            del _task_states[_task]
+
+            if self._on_completed_fut is not None and not self._tasks:
+                try:
+                    self._on_completed_fut.set_result(None)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+            try:
+                exc = _task.exception()
+            except CancelledError as e:
+                while isinstance(e.__context__, CancelledError):
+                    e = e.__context__
+
+                exc = e
+
+            if exc is not None:
+                # The future can only be in the cancelled state if the host task was
+                # cancelled, so return immediately instead of adding one more
+                # CancelledError to the exceptions list
+                if task_status_future is not None and task_status_future.cancelled():
+                    return
+
+                if task_status_future is None or task_status_future.done():
+                    if not isinstance(exc, CancelledError):
+                        self._exceptions.append(exc)
+
+                    if not self.cancel_scope._effectively_cancelled:
+                        self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+                else:
+                    task_status_future.set_exception(exc)
+            elif task_status_future is not None and not task_status_future.done():
+                task_status_future.set_exception(
+                    RuntimeError("Child exited without calling task_status.started()")
+                )
+
+        if task_status_future:
+            parent_id = id(current_task())
+        else:
+            parent_id = id(self.cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+        handle = TaskHandle(coro, name)
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        wrapper_coro = handle._run_coro()
+        if (
+            (factory := loop.get_task_factory())
+            and getattr(factory, "__code__", None) is _eager_task_factory_code
+            and (closure := getattr(factory, "__closure__", None))
+        ):
+            custom_task_constructor = closure[0].cell_contents
+            task = custom_task_constructor(wrapper_coro, loop=loop, name=handle.name)
+        else:
+            task = loop.create_task(wrapper_coro, name=handle.name)
+
+        # Make the spawned task inherit the task group's cancel scope
+        _task_states[task] = TaskState(
+            parent_id=parent_id, cancel_scope=self.cancel_scope
+        )
+        self.cancel_scope._tasks.add(task)
+        self._tasks.add(task)
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and self.cancel_scope._host_task is not None:
+            asyncio.future_add_to_awaited_by(task, self.cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+        task.add_done_callback(task_done)
+        return handle
+
+    def create_task(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        *,
+        name: object = None,
+        context: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        if not isinstance(coro, Coroutine):
+            raise TypeError(f"expected a coroutine, got {coro.__class__.__qualname__}")
+
+        if not self._entered or not self.cancel_scope._active:
+            coro.close()
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+        if context is not None:
+            return context.run(self._spawn, coro, name=name)
+        else:
+            return self._spawn(coro, name=name)
+
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] | Literal[True] = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        if not self._entered or not self.cancel_scope._active:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+        future: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+        final_name = get_callable_name(func, name)
+        task_status = _AsyncioTaskStatus(future, id(self.cancel_scope._host_task))
+        coro = call_for_coroutine(func, args, task_status=task_status)
+        handle = self._spawn(coro, final_name, future)
+
+        # If the task raises an exception after sending a start value without a switch
+        # point between, the task group is cancelled and this method never proceeds to
+        # process the completed future. That's why we have to have a shielded cancel
+        # scope here.
+        try:
+            await future
+        except BaseException:
+            if handle.status is TaskHandle.Status.PENDING:
+                # Cancel the task and wait for it to exit before returning
+                handle.cancel()
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    await handle.wait()
+
+            raise
+
+        if return_handle:
+            handle._start_value = future.result()
+            return handle
+        else:
+            return future.result()
+
+
+#
+# Threads
+#
+
+_Retval_Queue_Type = tuple[T_Retval | None, BaseException | None]
+
+
+class WorkerThread(Thread):
+    MAX_IDLE_TIME = 10  # seconds
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        root_task: asyncio.Task,
+        workers: set[WorkerThread],
+        idle_workers: deque[WorkerThread],
+    ):
+        super().__init__(name="AnyIO worker thread")
+        self.root_task = root_task
+        self.workers = workers
+        self.idle_workers = idle_workers
+        self.loop = root_task._loop
+        self.queue: Queue[
+            tuple[Context, Callable, tuple, asyncio.Future, CancelScope] | None
+        ] = Queue(2)
+        self.idle_since = AsyncIOBackend.current_time()
+        self.stopping = False
+
+    def _report_result(
+        self, future: asyncio.Future, result: Any, exc: BaseException | None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.idle_since = AsyncIOBackend.current_time()
+        if not self.stopping:
+            self.idle_workers.append(self)
+
+        if not future.cancelled():
+            if exc is not None:
+                if isinstance(exc, StopIteration):
+                    new_exc = RuntimeError("coroutine raised StopIteration")
+                    new_exc.__cause__ = exc
+                    exc = new_exc
+
+                future.set_exception(exc)
+            else:
+                future.set_result(result)
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        with claim_worker_thread(AsyncIOBackend, self.loop):
+            while True:
+                item = self.queue.get()
+                if item is None:
+                    # Shutdown command received
+                    return
+
+                context, func, args, future, cancel_scope = item
+                if not future.cancelled():
+                    result = None
+                    exception: BaseException | None = None
+                    threadlocals.current_cancel_scope = cancel_scope
+                    try:
+                        result = context.run(func, *args)
+                    except BaseException as exc:
+                        exception = exc
+                    finally:
+                        del threadlocals.current_cancel_scope
+
+                    if not self.loop.is_closed():
+                        self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(
+                            self._report_result, future, result, exception
+                        )
+
+                    del result, exception
+
+                self.queue.task_done()
+                del item, context, func, args, future, cancel_scope
+
+    def stop(self, f: asyncio.Task | None = None) -> None:
+        self.stopping = True
+        self.queue.put_nowait(None)
+        self.workers.discard(self)
+        try:
+            self.idle_workers.remove(self)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+
+_threadpool_idle_workers: RunVar[deque[WorkerThread]] = RunVar(
+    "_threadpool_idle_workers"
+)
+_threadpool_workers: RunVar[set[WorkerThread]] = RunVar("_threadpool_workers")
+
+
+#
+# Subprocesses
+#
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StreamReaderWrapper(abc.ByteReceiveStream):
+    _stream: asyncio.StreamReader
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        data = await self._stream.read(max_bytes)
+        if data:
+            return data
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._stream.set_exception(ClosedResourceError())
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StreamWriterWrapper(abc.ByteSendStream):
+    _stream: asyncio.StreamWriter
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        stream_paused = self._stream._protocol._paused  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        try:
+            self._stream.write(item)
+            await self._stream.drain()
+        except (ConnectionResetError, BrokenPipeError, RuntimeError) as exc:
+            # If closed by us and/or the peer:
+            # * on stdlib, drain() raises ConnectionResetError or BrokenPipeError
+            # * on uvloop and Winloop, write() eventually starts raising RuntimeError
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError from exc
+            elif self._stream.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+            raise
+
+        if not stream_paused:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        self._stream.close()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class Process(abc.Process):
+    _process: asyncio.subprocess.Process
+    _stdin: StreamWriterWrapper | None
+    _stdout: StreamReaderWrapper | None
+    _stderr: StreamReaderWrapper | None
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True) as scope:
+            if self._stdin:
+                await self._stdin.aclose()
+            if self._stdout:
+                await self._stdout.aclose()
+            if self._stderr:
+                await self._stderr.aclose()
+
+            scope.shield = False
+            try:
+                await self.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                scope.shield = True
+                self.kill()
+                await self.wait()
+                raise
+
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        return await self._process.wait()
+
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        self._process.terminate()
+
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        self._process.kill()
+
+    def send_signal(self, signal: int) -> None:
+        self._process.send_signal(signal)
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        return self._process.pid
+
+    @property
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._process.returncode
+
+    @property
+    def stdin(self) -> abc.ByteSendStream | None:
+        return self._stdin
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stdout
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stderr
+
+
+def _forcibly_shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(
+    workers: set[Process], _task: object
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Forcibly shuts down worker processes belonging to this event loop."""
+    child_watcher: asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher | None = None  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        try:
+            child_watcher = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy().get_child_watcher()
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            pass
+
+    # Close as much as possible (w/o async/await) to avoid warnings
+    for process in workers.copy():
+        if process.returncode is not None:
+            continue
+
+        process._stdin._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process._stdout._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process._stderr._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process.kill()
+        if child_watcher:
+            child_watcher.remove_child_handler(process.pid)
+
+
+async def _shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+    """
+    Shuts down worker processes belonging to this event loop.
+
+    NOTE: this only works when the event loop was started using asyncio.run() or
+    anyio.run().
+
+    """
+    process: abc.Process
+    try:
+        await sleep(math.inf)
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+        workers = workers.copy()
+        for process in workers:
+            if process.returncode is None:
+                process.kill()
+
+        for process in workers:
+            await process.aclose()
+
+
+#
+# Sockets and networking
+#
+
+
+class StreamProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    read_queue: deque[bytes]
+    read_event: asyncio.Event
+    write_event: asyncio.Event
+    exception: Exception | None = None
+    is_at_eof: bool = False
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        self.read_queue = deque()
+        self.read_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event.set()
+        cast(asyncio.Transport, transport).set_write_buffer_limits(0)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        if exc:
+            self.exception = exc
+
+        self.read_event.set()
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        # ProactorEventloop sometimes sends bytearray instead of bytes
+        self.read_queue.append(bytes(data))
+        self.read_event.set()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> bool | None:
+        self.is_at_eof = True
+        self.read_event.set()
+        return True
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+
+class DatagramProtocol(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
+    read_queue: deque[tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]]
+    read_event: asyncio.Event
+    write_event: asyncio.Event
+    closed_event: asyncio.Event
+    exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        self.read_queue = deque(maxlen=100)  # arbitrary value
+        self.read_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.closed_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.read_event.set()
+        self.write_event.set()
+        self.closed_event.set()
+
+    def datagram_received(self, data: bytes, addr: IPSockAddrType) -> None:
+        addr = convert_ipv6_sockaddr(addr)
+        self.read_queue.append((data, addr))
+        self.read_event.set()
+
+    def error_received(self, exc: Exception) -> None:
+        self.exception = exc
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.clear()
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+
+class SocketStream(abc.SocketStream):
+    def __init__(self, transport: asyncio.Transport, protocol: StreamProtocol):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            if (
+                not self._protocol.read_event.is_set()
+                and not self._transport.is_closing()
+                and not self._protocol.is_at_eof
+            ):
+                self._transport.resume_reading()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+                self._transport.pause_reading()
+            else:
+                await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            try:
+                chunk = self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                elif self._protocol.exception:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from self._protocol.exception
+                else:
+                    raise EndOfStream from None
+
+            if len(chunk) > max_bytes:
+                # Split the oversized chunk
+                chunk, leftover = chunk[:max_bytes], chunk[max_bytes:]
+                self._protocol.read_queue.appendleft(leftover)
+
+            # If the read queue is empty, clear the flag so that the next call will
+            # block until data is available
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue:
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+
+        return chunk
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._protocol.exception is not None:
+                raise BrokenResourceError from self._protocol.exception
+
+            try:
+                self._transport.write(item)
+            except RuntimeError as exc:
+                if self._transport.is_closing():
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    raise
+
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._transport.write_eof()
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            try:
+                self._transport.write_eof()
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+            self._transport.close()
+            await sleep(0)
+            self._transport.abort()
+
+
+class _RawSocketMixin:
+    _receive_future: asyncio.Future | None = None
+    _send_future: asyncio.Future | None = None
+    _closing = False
+
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+    def _wait_until_readable(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> asyncio.Future:
+        def callback(f: object) -> None:
+            del self._receive_future
+            loop.remove_reader(self.__raw_socket)
+
+        f = self._receive_future = asyncio.Future()
+        loop.add_reader(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+        f.add_done_callback(callback)
+        return f
+
+    def _wait_until_writable(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> asyncio.Future:
+        def callback(f: object) -> None:
+            del self._send_future
+            loop.remove_writer(self.__raw_socket)
+
+        f = self._send_future = asyncio.Future()
+        loop.add_writer(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+        f.add_done_callback(callback)
+        return f
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closing:
+            self._closing = True
+            if self.__raw_socket.fileno() != -1:
+                self.__raw_socket.close()
+
+            if self._receive_future:
+                self._receive_future.set_result(None)
+            if self._send_future:
+                self._send_future.set_result(None)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(_RawSocketMixin, abc.UNIXSocketStream):
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            self._raw_socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recv(max_bytes)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    if not data:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            view = memoryview(item)
+            while view:
+                try:
+                    bytes_sent = self._raw_socket.send(view)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    view = view[bytes_sent:]
+
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        if not isinstance(msglen, int) or msglen < 0:
+            raise ValueError("msglen must be a non-negative integer")
+        if not isinstance(maxfds, int) or maxfds < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxfds must be a positive integer")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fds = array.array("i")
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    message, ancdata, flags, addr = self._raw_socket.recvmsg(
+                        msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize)
+                    )
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    if not message and not ancdata:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    break
+
+        for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:
+            if cmsg_level != socket.SOL_SOCKET or cmsg_type != socket.SCM_RIGHTS:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Received unexpected ancillary data; message = {message!r}, "
+                    f"cmsg_level = {cmsg_level}, cmsg_type = {cmsg_type}"
+                )
+
+            fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])
+
+        return message, list(fds)
+
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        if not message:
+            raise ValueError("message must not be empty")
+        if not fds:
+            raise ValueError("fds must not be empty")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        filenos: list[int] = []
+        for fd in fds:
+            if isinstance(fd, int):
+                filenos.append(fd)
+            elif isinstance(fd, IOBase):
+                filenos.append(fd.fileno())
+
+        fdarray = array.array("i", filenos)
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    # The ignore can be removed after mypy picks up
+                    # https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/5545
+                    self._raw_socket.sendmsg(
+                        [message], [(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SCM_RIGHTS, fdarray)]
+                    )
+                    break
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+
+class TCPSocketListener(abc.SocketListener):
+    _accept_scope: CancelScope | None = None
+    _closed = False
+
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._loop = cast(asyncio.BaseEventLoop, get_running_loop())
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+    async def accept(self) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            with CancelScope() as self._accept_scope:
+                try:
+                    client_sock, _addr = await self._loop.sock_accept(self._raw_socket)
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue41317
+                    try:
+                        self._loop.remove_reader(self._raw_socket)
+                    except (ValueError, NotImplementedError):
+                        pass
+
+                    if self._closed:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+
+                    raise
+                finally:
+                    self._accept_scope = None
+
+        client_sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        transport, protocol = await self._loop.connect_accepted_socket(
+            StreamProtocol, client_sock
+        )
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._closed:
+            return
+
+        self._closed = True
+        if self._accept_scope:
+            # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue41317
+            try:
+                self._loop.remove_reader(self._raw_socket)
+            except (ValueError, NotImplementedError):
+                pass
+
+            self._accept_scope.cancel()
+            await sleep(0)
+
+        self._raw_socket.close()
+
+
+class UNIXSocketListener(abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._loop = get_running_loop()
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def accept(self) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    client_sock, _ = self.__raw_socket.accept()
+                    client_sock.setblocking(False)
+                    return UNIXSocketStream(client_sock)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                    self._loop.add_reader(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                    f.add_done_callback(
+                        lambda _: self._loop.remove_reader(self.__raw_socket)
+                    )
+                    await f
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closed:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        self.__raw_socket.close()
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+
+class UDPSocket(abc.UDPSocket):
+    def __init__(
+        self, transport: asyncio.DatagramTransport, protocol: DatagramProtocol
+    ):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            self._transport.close()
+
+        await self._protocol.closed_event.wait()
+
+    async def receive(self) -> tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            # If the buffer is empty, ask for more data
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue and not self._transport.is_closing():
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+
+            try:
+                return self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                else:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+    async def send(self, item: UDPPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._transport.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError
+            else:
+                self._transport.sendto(*item)
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(abc.ConnectedUDPSocket):
+    def __init__(
+        self, transport: asyncio.DatagramTransport, protocol: DatagramProtocol
+    ):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            self._transport.close()
+
+        await self._protocol.closed_event.wait()
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            # If the buffer is empty, ask for more data
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue and not self._transport.is_closing():
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+
+            try:
+                packet = self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                else:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+            return packet[0]
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._transport.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError
+            else:
+                self._transport.sendto(item)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(_RawSocketMixin, abc.UNIXDatagramSocket):
+    async def receive(self) -> UNIXDatagramPacketType:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: UNIXDatagramPacketType) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    self._raw_socket.sendto(*item)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(_RawSocketMixin, abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket):
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recv(65536)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    self._raw_socket.send(item)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return
+
+
+_read_events: RunVar[dict[int, asyncio.Future[bool]]] = RunVar("read_events")
+_write_events: RunVar[dict[int, asyncio.Future[bool]]] = RunVar("write_events")
+
+
+#
+# Synchronization
+#
+
+
+class Event(BaseEvent):
+    __slots__ = ("_event",)
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._event = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        self._event.set()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        return self._event.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        if self.is_set():
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        else:
+            await self._event.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        return EventStatistics(len(self._event._waiters))
+
+
+class Lock(BaseLock):
+    __slots__ = "_fast_acquire", "_owner_task", "_waiters"
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self._owner_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+        self._waiters: deque[tuple[asyncio.Task, asyncio.Future]] = deque()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        if self._owner_task is None and not self._waiters:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._owner_task = task
+
+            # Unless on the "fast path", yield control of the event loop so that other
+            # tasks can run too
+            if not self._fast_acquire:
+                try:
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+                except CancelledError:
+                    self.release()
+                    raise
+
+            return
+
+        if self._owner_task == task:
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock")
+
+        fut: asyncio.Future[None] = asyncio.Future()
+        item = task, fut
+        self._waiters.append(item)
+        try:
+            await fut
+        except CancelledError:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                try:
+                    self._waiters.remove(item)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+            else:
+                self.release()
+
+            raise
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        if self._owner_task is None and not self._waiters:
+            self._owner_task = task
+            return
+
+        if self._owner_task is task:
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock")
+
+        raise WouldBlock
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        return self._owner_task is not None
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        if self._owner_task != current_task():
+            raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding this lock")
+
+        # A cancelled waiter that already received ownership removes itself from
+        # _waiters before calling release(); any cancelled waiter still queued here
+        # was cancelled before being woken, so drop it.
+        while self._waiters:
+            task, fut = self._waiters.popleft()
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                continue
+
+            self._owner_task = task
+            fut.set_result(None)
+            return
+
+        self._owner_task = None
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        task_info = AsyncIOTaskInfo(self._owner_task) if self._owner_task else None
+        return LockStatistics(self.locked(), task_info, len(self._waiters))
+
+
+class Semaphore(BaseSemaphore):
+    __slots__ = "_value", "_max_value", "_fast_acquire", "_waiters"
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+        self._value = initial_value
+        self._max_value = max_value
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self._waiters: deque[asyncio.Future[None]] = deque()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if self._value > 0 and not self._waiters:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._value -= 1
+
+            # Unless on the "fast path", yield control of the event loop so that other
+            # tasks can run too
+            if not self._fast_acquire:
+                try:
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+                except CancelledError:
+                    self.release()
+                    raise
+
+            return
+
+        fut: asyncio.Future[None] = asyncio.Future()
+        self._waiters.append(fut)
+        try:
+            await fut
+        except CancelledError:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                try:
+                    self._waiters.remove(fut)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+            else:
+                self.release()
+
+            raise
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        if self._value == 0:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+        self._value -= 1
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        if self._max_value is not None and self._value == self._max_value:
+            raise ValueError("semaphore released too many times")
+
+        while self._waiters:
+            fut = self._waiters.popleft()
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                continue
+
+            fut.set_result(None)
+            return
+
+        self._value += 1
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        return self._value
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._max_value
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        return SemaphoreStatistics(len(self._waiters))
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter(BaseCapacityLimiter):
+    __slots__ = "_total_tokens", "_borrowers", "_wait_queue"
+
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, total_tokens: float):
+        self._total_tokens: float = 0
+        self._borrowers: set[Any] = set()
+        self._wait_queue: OrderedDict[Any, asyncio.Event] = OrderedDict()
+        self.total_tokens = total_tokens
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self._total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, int) and not math.isinf(value):
+            raise TypeError("total_tokens must be an int or math.inf")
+
+        if value < 0:
+            raise ValueError("total_tokens must be >= 0")
+
+        waiters_to_notify = max(value - self._total_tokens, 0)
+        self._total_tokens = value
+
+        # Notify waiting tasks that they have acquired the limiter
+        while self._wait_queue and waiters_to_notify:
+            event = self._wait_queue.popitem(last=False)[1]
+            event.set()
+            waiters_to_notify -= 1
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._borrowers)
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self._total_tokens - len(self._borrowers)
+
+    def _notify_next_waiter(self) -> None:
+        """Notify the next task in line if this limiter has free capacity now."""
+        if self._wait_queue and len(self._borrowers) < self._total_tokens:
+            event = self._wait_queue.popitem(last=False)[1]
+            event.set()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(current_task())
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        if borrower in self._borrowers:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "this borrower is already holding one of this CapacityLimiter's tokens"
+            )
+
+        if self._wait_queue or len(self._borrowers) >= self._total_tokens:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+        self._borrowers.add(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        return await self.acquire_on_behalf_of(current_task())
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+        except WouldBlock:
+            event = asyncio.Event()
+            self._wait_queue[borrower] = event
+            try:
+                await event.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                self._wait_queue.pop(borrower, None)
+                if event.is_set():
+                    self._notify_next_waiter()
+
+                raise
+
+            self._borrowers.add(borrower)
+        else:
+            try:
+                await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+            except BaseException:
+                self.release()
+                raise
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.release_on_behalf_of(current_task())
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._borrowers.remove(borrower)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "this borrower isn't holding any of this CapacityLimiter's tokens"
+            ) from None
+
+        self._notify_next_waiter()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+            self.borrowed_tokens,
+            self.total_tokens,
+            tuple(self._borrowers),
+            len(self._wait_queue),
+        )
+
+
+_default_thread_limiter: RunVar[CapacityLimiter] = RunVar("_default_thread_limiter")
+
+
+#
+# Operating system signals
+#
+
+
+class _SignalReceiver:
+    def __init__(self, signals: tuple[Signals, ...]):
+        self._signals = signals
+        self._loop = get_running_loop()
+        self._signal_queue: deque[Signals] = deque()
+        self._future: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+        self._handled_signals: set[Signals] = set()
+
+    def _deliver(self, signum: Signals) -> None:
+        self._signal_queue.append(signum)
+        if not self._future.done():
+            self._future.set_result(None)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        for sig in set(self._signals):
+            self._loop.add_signal_handler(sig, self._deliver, sig)
+            self._handled_signals.add(sig)
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        for sig in self._handled_signals:
+            self._loop.remove_signal_handler(sig)
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> Signals:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        if not self._signal_queue:
+            self._future = asyncio.Future()
+            await self._future
+
+        return self._signal_queue.popleft()
+
+
+#
+# Testing and debugging
+#
+
+
+class AsyncIOTaskInfo(TaskInfo):
+    def __init__(self, task: asyncio.Task):
+        task_state = _task_states.get(task)
+        if task_state is None:
+            parent_id = None
+        else:
+            parent_id = task_state.parent_id
+
+        coro = task.get_coro()
+        assert coro is not None, "created TaskInfo from a completed Task"
+        super().__init__(id(task), parent_id, task.get_name(), coro)
+        self._task = weakref.ref(task)
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        if not (task := self._task()):
+            # If the task isn't around anymore, it won't have a pending cancellation
+            return False
+
+        if task._must_cancel:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            return True
+        elif (
+            isinstance(task._fut_waiter, asyncio.Future)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            and task._fut_waiter.cancelled()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        ):
+            return True
+
+        if task_state := _task_states.get(task):
+            if cancel_scope := task_state.cancel_scope:
+                return cancel_scope._effectively_cancelled
+
+        return False
+
+
+class TestRunner(abc.TestRunner):
+    _send_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[tuple[Awaitable[Any], asyncio.Future[Any]]]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        debug: bool | None = None,
+        use_uvloop: bool = False,
+        loop_factory: Callable[[], AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if use_uvloop and loop_factory is None:
+            if sys.platform != "win32":
+                import uvloop
+
+                loop_factory = uvloop.new_event_loop
+            else:
+                import winloop
+
+                loop_factory = winloop.new_event_loop
+
+        self._runner = Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory)
+        self._exceptions: list[BaseException] = []
+        self._runner_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> TestRunner:
+        self._runner.__enter__()
+        self.get_loop().set_exception_handler(self._exception_handler)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._runner.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def get_loop(self) -> AbstractEventLoop:
+        return self._runner.get_loop()
+
+    def is_running(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            return True
+        except RuntimeError:
+            return False
+
+    def _exception_handler(
+        self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, context: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(context.get("exception"), Exception):
+            self._exceptions.append(context["exception"])
+        else:
+            loop.default_exception_handler(context)
+
+    def _raise_async_exceptions(self) -> None:
+        # Re-raise any exceptions raised in asynchronous callbacks
+        if self._exceptions:
+            exceptions, self._exceptions = self._exceptions, []
+            if len(exceptions) == 1:
+                raise exceptions[0]
+            elif exceptions:
+                raise BaseExceptionGroup(
+                    "Multiple exceptions occurred in asynchronous callbacks", exceptions
+                )
+
+    async def _run_tests_and_fixtures(
+        self,
+        receive_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[
+            tuple[Awaitable[T_Retval], asyncio.Future[T_Retval]]
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        from _pytest.outcomes import OutcomeException
+
+        with receive_stream, self._send_stream:
+            async for coro, future in receive_stream:
+                try:
+                    retval = await coro
+                except CancelledError as exc:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.cancel(*exc.args)
+
+                    raise
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.set_exception(exc)
+
+                    if not isinstance(exc, (Exception, OutcomeException)):
+                        raise
+                else:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.set_result(retval)
+
+    async def _call_in_runner_task(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        /,
+        *args: P.args,
+        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        if not self._runner_task:
+            self._send_stream, receive_stream = create_memory_object_stream[
+                tuple[Awaitable[Any], asyncio.Future]
+            ](1)
+            self._runner_task = self.get_loop().create_task(
+                self._run_tests_and_fixtures(receive_stream)
+            )
+
+        coro = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        future: asyncio.Future[T_Retval] = self.get_loop().create_future()
+        self._send_stream.send_nowait((coro, future))
+        return await future
+
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[T_Retval, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[T_Retval]:
+        asyncgen = fixture_func(**kwargs)
+        fixturevalue: T_Retval = self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+        )
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+
+        yield fixturevalue
+
+        try:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+                self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+            )
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            self._raise_async_exceptions()
+        else:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(asyncgen.aclose())
+            raise RuntimeError("Async generator fixture did not stop")
+
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        retval = self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+            self._call_in_runner_task(fixture_func, **kwargs)
+        )
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+        return retval
+
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        from _pytest.outcomes import OutcomeException
+
+        try:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+                self._call_in_runner_task(test_func, **kwargs)
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._exceptions.append(exc)
+        except OutcomeException:
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            # A BaseException (e.g. KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit) interrupted the event loop before
+            # the test completed. Cancel _runner_task so it does not resume when the event
+            # loop is re-entered during async generator fixture teardown.
+            if self._runner_task is not None and not self._runner_task.done():
+                self._runner_task.cancel()
+                self._send_stream.close()
+                try:
+                    self.get_loop().run_until_complete(self._runner_task)
+                except CancelledError:
+                    pass
+                finally:
+                    self._runner_task = None
+            raise
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+
+
+class AsyncIOBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    @classmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        @wraps(func)
+        async def wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+            task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+            task.set_name(get_callable_name(func))
+            _task_states[task] = TaskState(None, None)
+
+            try:
+                return await func(*args)
+            finally:
+                del _task_states[task]
+
+        debug = options.get("debug", None)
+        loop_factory = options.get("loop_factory", None)
+        if loop_factory is None and options.get("use_uvloop", False):
+            if sys.platform != "win32":
+                import uvloop
+
+                loop_factory = uvloop.new_event_loop
+            else:
+                import winloop
+
+                loop_factory = winloop.new_event_loop
+
+        with Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory) as runner:
+            return runner.run(wrapper())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        return get_running_loop()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        return get_running_loop().time()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        return CancelledError
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        task = current_task()
+        if task is None:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            cancel_scope = _task_states[task].cancel_scope
+        except KeyError:
+            return
+
+        while cancel_scope:
+            if cancel_scope.cancel_called:
+                await sleep(0)
+            elif cancel_scope.shield:
+                break
+            else:
+                cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            await sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        await sleep(delay)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        if (task := current_task()) is None:
+            return math.inf
+
+        try:
+            cancel_scope = _task_states[task].cancel_scope
+        except KeyError:
+            return math.inf
+
+        deadline = math.inf
+        while cancel_scope:
+            deadline = min(deadline, cancel_scope.deadline)
+            if cancel_scope._cancel_called:
+                deadline = -math.inf
+                break
+            elif cancel_scope.shield:
+                break
+            else:
+                cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        return deadline
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> abc.TaskGroup:
+        return TaskGroup()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> abc.Event:
+        return Event()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> abc.Lock:
+        return Lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> abc.Semaphore:
+        return Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> abc.CapacityLimiter:
+        return CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(  # type: ignore[return]
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: abc.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+
+        # If this is the first run in this event loop thread, set up the necessary
+        # variables
+        try:
+            idle_workers = _threadpool_idle_workers.get()
+            workers = _threadpool_workers.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            idle_workers = deque()
+            workers = set()
+            _threadpool_idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
+            _threadpool_workers.set(workers)
+
+        async with limiter or cls.current_default_thread_limiter():
+            with CancelScope(shield=not abandon_on_cancel) as scope:
+                future = asyncio.Future[T_Retval]()
+                root_task = find_root_task()
+                if not idle_workers:
+                    worker = WorkerThread(root_task, workers, idle_workers)
+                    worker.start()
+                    workers.add(worker)
+                    root_task.add_done_callback(
+                        worker.stop, context=contextvars.Context()
+                    )
+                else:
+                    worker = idle_workers.pop()
+
+                    # Prune any other workers that have been idle for MAX_IDLE_TIME
+                    # seconds or longer
+                    now = cls.current_time()
+                    while idle_workers:
+                        if (
+                            now - idle_workers[0].idle_since
+                            < WorkerThread.MAX_IDLE_TIME
+                        ):
+                            break
+
+                        expired_worker = idle_workers.popleft()
+                        expired_worker.root_task.remove_done_callback(
+                            expired_worker.stop
+                        )
+                        expired_worker.stop()
+
+                context = copy_context()
+                context.run(set_current_async_library, None)
+                if abandon_on_cancel or scope._parent_scope is None:
+                    worker_scope = scope
+                else:
+                    worker_scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+                worker.queue.put_nowait((context, func, args, future, worker_scope))
+                return await future
+
+    @classmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        scope: CancelScope | None = threadlocals.current_cancel_scope
+        while scope is not None:
+            if scope.cancel_called:
+                raise CancelledError(f"Cancelled via cancel scope {id(scope):x}")
+
+            if scope.shield:
+                return
+
+            scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_co:
+        async def task_wrapper() -> T_co:
+            __tracebackhide__ = True
+            if scope is not None:
+                task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+                _task_states[task] = TaskState(None, scope)
+                scope._tasks.add(task)
+            try:
+                return await func(*args)
+            except CancelledError as exc:
+                raise concurrent.futures.CancelledError(str(exc)) from None
+            finally:
+                if scope is not None:
+                    scope._tasks.discard(task)
+
+        loop = cast(
+            "AbstractEventLoop", token or threadlocals.current_token.native_token
+        )
+        if loop.is_closed():
+            raise RunFinishedError
+
+        context = copy_context()
+        context.run(set_current_async_library, "asyncio")
+        scope = getattr(threadlocals, "current_cancel_scope", None)
+        f: concurrent.futures.Future[T_co] = context.run(
+            asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe, task_wrapper(), loop=loop
+        )
+        return f.result()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        @wraps(func)
+        def wrapper() -> None:
+            try:
+                set_current_async_library("asyncio")
+                f.set_result(func(*args))
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                f.set_exception(exc)
+                if not isinstance(exc, Exception):
+                    raise
+
+        loop = cast(
+            "AbstractEventLoop", token or threadlocals.current_token.native_token
+        )
+        if loop.is_closed():
+            raise RunFinishedError
+
+        f: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval] = Future()
+        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(wrapper)
+        return f.result()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        if isinstance(command, PathLike):
+            command = os.fspath(command)
+
+        if isinstance(command, (str, bytes)):
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(
+                command,
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                *command,
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        stdin_stream = StreamWriterWrapper(process.stdin) if process.stdin else None
+        stdout_stream = StreamReaderWrapper(process.stdout) if process.stdout else None
+        stderr_stream = StreamReaderWrapper(process.stderr) if process.stderr else None
+        return Process(process, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+        create_task(
+            _shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(workers),
+            name="AnyIO process pool shutdown task",
+        )
+        find_root_task().add_done_callback(
+            partial(_forcibly_shutdown_process_pool_on_exit, workers)  # type:ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        transport, protocol = cast(
+            tuple[asyncio.Transport, StreamProtocol],
+            await get_running_loop().create_connection(
+                StreamProtocol, host, port, local_addr=local_address
+            ),
+        )
+        transport.pause_reading()
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> abc.UNIXSocketStream:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        raw_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+        raw_socket.setblocking(False)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                raw_socket.connect(path)
+            except BlockingIOError:
+                f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                loop.add_writer(raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                f.add_done_callback(lambda _: loop.remove_writer(raw_socket))
+                await f
+            except BaseException:
+                raw_socket.close()
+                raise
+            else:
+                return UNIXSocketStream(raw_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol,
+            local_addr=local_address,
+            remote_addr=remote_address,
+            family=family,
+            reuse_port=reuse_port,
+        )
+        if protocol.exception:
+            transport.close()
+            raise protocol.exception
+
+        if not remote_address:
+            return UDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+        else:
+            return ConnectedUDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(  # type: ignore[override]
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket | abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+
+        if remote_path:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    raw_socket.connect(remote_path)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                    loop.add_writer(raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                    f.add_done_callback(lambda _: loop.remove_writer(raw_socket))
+                    await f
+                except BaseException:
+                    raw_socket.close()
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(raw_socket)
+        else:
+            return UNIXDatagramSocket(raw_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        return await get_running_loop().getaddrinfo(
+            host, port, family=family, type=type, proto=proto, flags=flags
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        return await get_running_loop().getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            read_events = _read_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            read_events = {}
+            _read_events.set(read_events)
+
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        if read_events.get(fd):
+            raise BusyResourceError("reading from")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fut: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def cb() -> None:
+            try:
+                del read_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_reader(fd)
+
+            try:
+                fut.set_result(True)
+            except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                pass
+
+        try:
+            loop.add_reader(fd, cb)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+            selector = get_selector()
+            selector.add_reader(fd, cb)
+            remove_reader = selector.remove_reader
+        else:
+            remove_reader = loop.remove_reader
+
+        read_events[fd] = fut
+        try:
+            success = await fut
+        finally:
+            try:
+                del read_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_reader(fd)
+
+        if not success:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            write_events = _write_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            write_events = {}
+            _write_events.set(write_events)
+
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        if write_events.get(fd):
+            raise BusyResourceError("writing to")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fut: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def cb() -> None:
+            try:
+                del write_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_writer(fd)
+
+            try:
+                fut.set_result(True)
+            except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                pass
+
+        try:
+            loop.add_writer(fd, cb)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+            selector = get_selector()
+            selector.add_writer(fd, cb)
+            remove_writer = selector.remove_writer
+        else:
+            remove_writer = loop.remove_writer
+
+        write_events[fd] = fut
+        try:
+            success = await fut
+        finally:
+            try:
+                del write_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_writer(fd)
+
+        if not success:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+
+        try:
+            write_events = _write_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            try:
+                fut = write_events.pop(fd)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                try:
+                    fut.set_result(False)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+                try:
+                    loop.remove_writer(fd)
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+                    get_selector().remove_writer(fd)
+
+        try:
+            read_events = _read_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            try:
+                fut = read_events.pop(fd)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                try:
+                    fut.set_result(False)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+                try:
+                    loop.remove_reader(fd)
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+                    get_selector().remove_reader(fd)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX") and sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+            return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketStream:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_connection(
+            StreamProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        return UNIXSocketStream(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return UDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return ConnectedUDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        return UNIXDatagramSocket(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket.socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return _default_thread_limiter.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            limiter = CapacityLimiter(40)
+            _default_thread_limiter.set(limiter)
+            return limiter
+
+    @classmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        return _SignalReceiver(signals)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        return AsyncIOTaskInfo(current_task())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        return [AsyncIOTaskInfo(task) for task in all_tasks() if not task.done()]
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        this_task = current_task()
+        while True:
+            for task in all_tasks():
+                if task is this_task:
+                    continue
+
+                waiter = task._fut_waiter  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                if waiter is None or waiter.done():
+                    await sleep(0.1)
+                    break
+            else:
+                return
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        return TestRunner(**options)
+
+
+backend_class = AsyncIOBackend
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..091c78c56e38bacfd35909b54a8376c0fa748a0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1456 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import array
+import math
+import os
+import socket
+import sys
+import types
+import weakref
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Coroutine,
+    Iterable,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextvars import Context
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import partial, wraps
+from io import IOBase
+from os import PathLike
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    NoReturn,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+import trio.from_thread
+import trio.lowlevel
+from outcome import Error, Outcome, Value
+from trio.lowlevel import (
+    current_root_task,
+    current_task,
+    notify_closing,
+    wait_readable,
+    wait_writable,
+)
+from trio.socket import SocketType as TrioSocketType
+from trio.to_thread import run_sync
+
+from .. import (
+    CapacityLimiterStatistics,
+    EventStatistics,
+    LockStatistics,
+    RunFinishedError,
+    TaskInfo,
+    WouldBlock,
+    abc,
+)
+from .._core._eventloop import claim_worker_thread
+from .._core._exceptions import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    BusyResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+)
+from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr
+from .._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as BaseCapacityLimiter,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Event as BaseEvent
+from .._core._synchronization import Lock as BaseLock
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    ResourceGuard,
+    SemaphoreStatistics,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Semaphore as BaseSemaphore
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as BaseCancelScope
+from .._core._tasks import TaskHandle
+from ..abc import IPSockAddrType, UDPPacketType, UNIXDatagramPacketType
+from ..abc._eventloop import AsyncBackend, StrOrBytesPath
+from ..abc._tasks import T_contra, call_for_coroutine, get_callable_name
+from ..streams.memory import MemoryObjectSendStream
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_SockAddr = TypeVar("T_SockAddr", str, IPSockAddrType)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+def ensure_returns_coro(
+    func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+) -> Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]]:
+    @wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]:
+        awaitable = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        # Check the common case first.
+        if isinstance(awaitable, Coroutine):
+            return awaitable
+        elif not isinstance(awaitable, Awaitable):
+            # The user violated the type annotations. Still, we should pass this on to
+            # Trio so it can raise with an appropriate message.
+            return awaitable
+        else:
+
+            @wraps(func)
+            async def inner_wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+                return await awaitable
+
+            return inner_wrapper()
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+#
+# Event loop
+#
+
+RunVar = trio.lowlevel.RunVar
+
+
+#
+# Timeouts and cancellation
+#
+
+
+class CancelScope(BaseCancelScope):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: object
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        self.__original = original or trio.CancelScope(**kwargs)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        self.__original.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.__original.cancel(reason)
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.deadline
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self.__original.deadline = value
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.cancel_called
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.cancelled_caught
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.shield
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self.__original.shield = value
+
+
+#
+# Task groups
+#
+
+empty_start_value = object()
+
+
+class _TrioTaskStatus(Generic[T_contra], abc.TaskStatus[T_contra]):
+    early_start_value: T_contra | object = empty_start_value
+    real_task_status: trio.TaskStatus[T_contra | None] | None = None
+
+    def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
+        if self.real_task_status is None:
+            if self.early_start_value is not empty_start_value:
+                raise RuntimeError("called 'started' twice on the same task status")
+
+            self.early_start_value = value
+        else:
+            self.real_task_status.started(value)
+
+
+class TaskGroup(abc.TaskGroup):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._entered = False
+        self._active = False
+        self._nursery_manager = trio.open_nursery(strict_exception_groups=True)
+        self.cancel_scope = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        if self._entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("TaskGroup cannot be entered more than once")
+
+        self._entered = True
+        self._active = True
+        self._nursery = await self._nursery_manager.__aenter__()
+        self.cancel_scope = CancelScope(self._nursery.cancel_scope)
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        try:
+            # trio.Nursery.__exit__ returns bool; .open_nursery has wrong type
+            return await self._nursery_manager.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        except BaseExceptionGroup as exc:
+            if not exc.split(trio.Cancelled)[1]:
+                raise trio.Cancelled._create() from exc
+
+            raise
+        finally:
+            del exc_val, exc_tb
+            self._active = False
+
+    def _check_active(self, coro: Coroutine | None = None) -> None:
+        if not self._active:
+            if coro is not None:
+                coro.close()
+
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+    def create_task(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        *,
+        name: object = None,
+        context: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        if not isinstance(coro, Coroutine):
+            raise TypeError(f"expected a coroutine, got {coro.__class__.__qualname__}")
+
+        self._check_active(coro)
+        handle = TaskHandle(coro, name)
+        if context is not None:
+            context.run(
+                partial(self._nursery.start_soon, handle._run_coro, name=handle.name)
+            )
+        else:
+            self._nursery.start_soon(handle._run_coro, name=handle.name)
+
+        return handle
+
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] | Literal[True] = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        handle: TaskHandle[T_co]
+
+        async def run_coro_with_task_status(
+            *, task_status: trio.TaskStatus[Any]
+        ) -> None:
+            nonlocal handle
+            wrapper_task_status = _TrioTaskStatus()
+            coro = call_for_coroutine(func, args, task_status=wrapper_task_status)
+            if wrapper_task_status.early_start_value is not empty_start_value:
+                task_status.started(wrapper_task_status.early_start_value)
+            else:
+                wrapper_task_status.real_task_status = task_status
+
+            handle = TaskHandle(coro, name)
+            await handle._run_coro()
+
+        self._check_active()
+        final_name = get_callable_name(func, name)
+        start_value = await self._nursery.start(
+            run_coro_with_task_status, name=final_name
+        )
+        if return_handle:
+            handle._start_value = start_value
+            return handle
+        else:
+            return start_value
+
+
+#
+# Subprocesses
+#
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class ReceiveStreamWrapper(abc.ByteReceiveStream):
+    _stream: trio.abc.ReceiveStream
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            data = await self._stream.receive_some(max_bytes)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__
+        except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__
+
+        if data:
+            return bytes(data)
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class SendStreamWrapper(abc.ByteSendStream):
+    _stream: trio.abc.SendStream
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        try:
+            await self._stream.send_all(item)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__
+        except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class Process(abc.Process):
+    _process: trio.Process
+    _stdin: abc.ByteSendStream | None
+    _stdout: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None
+    _stderr: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            if self._stdin:
+                await self._stdin.aclose()
+            if self._stdout:
+                await self._stdout.aclose()
+            if self._stderr:
+                await self._stderr.aclose()
+
+        try:
+            await self.wait()
+        except BaseException:
+            self.kill()
+            with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                await self.wait()
+            raise
+
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        return await self._process.wait()
+
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        self._process.terminate()
+
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        self._process.kill()
+
+    def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None:
+        self._process.send_signal(signal)
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        return self._process.pid
+
+    @property
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._process.returncode
+
+    @property
+    def stdin(self) -> abc.ByteSendStream | None:
+        return self._stdin
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stdout
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stderr
+
+
+class _ProcessPoolShutdownInstrument(trio.abc.Instrument):
+    def after_run(self) -> None:
+        super().after_run()
+
+
+current_default_worker_process_limiter: trio.lowlevel.RunVar = RunVar(
+    "current_default_worker_process_limiter"
+)
+
+
+async def _shutdown_process_pool(workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+    try:
+        await trio.sleep(math.inf)
+    except trio.Cancelled:
+        for process in workers:
+            if process.returncode is None:
+                process.kill()
+
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            for process in workers:
+                await process.aclose()
+
+
+#
+# Sockets and networking
+#
+
+
+class _TrioSocketMixin(Generic[T_SockAddr]):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        self._trio_socket = trio_socket
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def _check_closed(self) -> None:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+        if self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0:
+            raise BrokenResourceError
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._trio_socket._sock  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._trio_socket.fileno() >= 0:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._trio_socket.close()
+
+    def _convert_socket_error(self, exc: BaseException) -> NoReturn:
+        if isinstance(exc, trio.ClosedResourceError):
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc
+        elif self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0 and self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        elif isinstance(exc, OSError):
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+        else:
+            raise exc
+
+
+class SocketStream(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketStream):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data = await self._trio_socket.recv(max_bytes)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+            if data:
+                return data
+            else:
+                raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            view = memoryview(item)
+            while view:
+                try:
+                    bytes_sent = await self._trio_socket.send(view)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+                view = view[bytes_sent:]
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        self._trio_socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream, abc.UNIXSocketStream):
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        if not isinstance(msglen, int) or msglen < 0:
+            raise ValueError("msglen must be a non-negative integer")
+        if not isinstance(maxfds, int) or maxfds < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxfds must be a positive integer")
+
+        fds = array.array("i")
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    message, ancdata, flags, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvmsg(
+                        msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize)
+                    )
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+                else:
+                    if not message and not ancdata:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    break
+
+        for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:
+            if cmsg_level != socket.SOL_SOCKET or cmsg_type != socket.SCM_RIGHTS:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Received unexpected ancillary data; message = {message!r}, "
+                    f"cmsg_level = {cmsg_level}, cmsg_type = {cmsg_type}"
+                )
+
+            fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])
+
+        return message, list(fds)
+
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        if not message:
+            raise ValueError("message must not be empty")
+        if not fds:
+            raise ValueError("fds must not be empty")
+
+        filenos: list[int] = []
+        for fd in fds:
+            if isinstance(fd, int):
+                filenos.append(fd)
+            elif isinstance(fd, IOBase):
+                filenos.append(fd.fileno())
+
+        fdarray = array.array("i", filenos)
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    await self._trio_socket.sendmsg(
+                        [message],
+                        [
+                            (
+                                socket.SOL_SOCKET,
+                                socket.SCM_RIGHTS,
+                                fdarray,
+                            )
+                        ],
+                    )
+                    break
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class TCPSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket))
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    async def accept(self) -> SocketStream:
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            try:
+                trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept()
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+        trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        return SocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket))
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    async def accept(self) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            try:
+                trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept()
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+
+class UDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.UDPSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                return data, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(addr)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: UDPPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.sendto(*item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.ConnectedUDPSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                return await self._trio_socket.recv(65536)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.send(item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[str], abc.UNIXDatagramSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> UNIXDatagramPacketType:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                return data, addr
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: UNIXDatagramPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.sendto(*item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(
+    _TrioSocketMixin[str], abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket
+):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                return await self._trio_socket.recv(65536)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.send(item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+#
+# Synchronization
+#
+
+
+class Event(BaseEvent):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.__original = trio.Event()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        return await self.__original.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=orig_statistics.tasks_waiting)
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.set()
+
+
+class Lock(BaseLock):
+    __slots__ = "_fast_acquire", "__original"
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self.__original = trio.Lock()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _convert_runtime_error_msg(exc: RuntimeError) -> None:
+        if exc.args == ("attempt to re-acquire an already held Lock",):
+            exc.args = ("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock",)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if not self._fast_acquire:
+            try:
+                await self.__original.acquire()
+            except RuntimeError as exc:
+                self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+                raise
+
+            return
+
+        # This is the "fast path" where we don't let other tasks run
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            await self.__original._lot.park()
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+            raise
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            raise WouldBlock from None
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+            raise
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.locked()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.release()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        owner = TrioTaskInfo(orig_statistics.owner) if orig_statistics.owner else None
+        return LockStatistics(
+            orig_statistics.locked, owner, orig_statistics.tasks_waiting
+        )
+
+
+class Semaphore(BaseSemaphore):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        self.__original = trio.Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if not self._fast_acquire:
+            await self.__original.acquire()
+            return
+
+        # This is the "fast path" where we don't let other tasks run
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            await self.__original._lot.park()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            raise WouldBlock from None
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self.__original.max_value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        return self.__original.value
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.release()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        return SemaphoreStatistics(orig_statistics.tasks_waiting)
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter(BaseCapacityLimiter):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        total_tokens: float | None = None,
+        *,
+        original: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total_tokens: float | None = None,
+        *,
+        original: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if original is not None:
+            self.__original = original
+        else:
+            assert total_tokens is not None
+            self.__original = trio.CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        return await self.__original.__aenter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.__original.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self.__original.total_tokens = value
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        return self.__original.borrowed_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.available_tokens
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self.__original.acquire()
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        return self.__original.release()
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        return self.__original.release_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        orig = self.__original.statistics()
+        return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+            borrowed_tokens=orig.borrowed_tokens,
+            total_tokens=orig.total_tokens,
+            borrowers=tuple(orig.borrowers),
+            tasks_waiting=orig.tasks_waiting,
+        )
+
+
+_capacity_limiter_wrapper: trio.lowlevel.RunVar = RunVar("_capacity_limiter_wrapper")
+
+
+#
+# Signal handling
+#
+
+
+class _SignalReceiver:
+    _iterator: AsyncIterator[int]
+
+    def __init__(self, signals: tuple[Signals, ...]):
+        self._signals = signals
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        self._cm = trio.open_signal_receiver(*self._signals)
+        self._iterator = self._cm.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> Signals:
+        signum = await self._iterator.__anext__()
+        return Signals(signum)
+
+
+#
+# Testing and debugging
+#
+
+
+class TestRunner(abc.TestRunner):
+    def __init__(self, **options: Any) -> None:
+        from queue import Queue
+
+        self._call_queue: Queue[Callable[[], object]] = Queue()
+        self._send_stream: (
+            MemoryObjectSendStream[tuple[Awaitable[Any], list[Outcome]]] | None
+        ) = None
+        self._options = options
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._send_stream:
+            self._send_stream.close()
+            while self._send_stream is not None:
+                self._call_queue.get()()
+
+    def is_running(self) -> bool:
+        return trio.lowlevel.in_trio_task()
+
+    async def _run_tests_and_fixtures(self) -> None:
+        self._send_stream, receive_stream = create_memory_object_stream[
+            tuple[Awaitable[Any], list[Outcome]]
+        ](1)
+        with receive_stream:
+            async for awaitable, outcome_holder in receive_stream:
+                try:
+                    retval = await awaitable
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    outcome_holder.append(Error(exc))
+                else:
+                    outcome_holder.append(Value(retval))
+
+    def _main_task_finished(self, outcome: object) -> None:
+        self._send_stream = None
+
+    def _call_in_runner_task(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        /,
+        *args: P.args,
+        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        if self._send_stream is None:
+            trio.lowlevel.start_guest_run(
+                self._run_tests_and_fixtures,
+                run_sync_soon_threadsafe=self._call_queue.put,
+                done_callback=self._main_task_finished,
+                **self._options,
+            )
+            while self._send_stream is None:
+                self._call_queue.get()()
+
+        outcome_holder: list[Outcome] = []
+        self._send_stream.send_nowait((func(*args, **kwargs), outcome_holder))
+        while not outcome_holder:
+            self._call_queue.get()()
+
+        return outcome_holder[0].unwrap()
+
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[T_Retval, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[T_Retval]:
+        asyncgen = fixture_func(**kwargs)
+        fixturevalue: T_Retval = self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+
+        yield fixturevalue
+
+        try:
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.aclose)
+            raise RuntimeError("Async generator fixture did not stop")
+
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        return self._call_in_runner_task(fixture_func, **kwargs)
+
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        self._call_in_runner_task(test_func, **kwargs)
+
+
+class TrioTaskInfo(TaskInfo):
+    def __init__(self, task: trio.lowlevel.Task):
+        parent_id = None
+        if task.parent_nursery and task.parent_nursery.parent_task:
+            parent_id = id(task.parent_nursery.parent_task)
+
+        super().__init__(id(task), parent_id, task.name, task.coro)
+        self._task = weakref.proxy(task)
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            return self._task._cancel_status.effectively_cancelled
+        except ReferenceError:
+            # If the task is no longer around, it surely doesn't have a cancellation
+            # pending
+            return False
+
+
+class TrioBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    @classmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        assert not kwargs, "unreachable, and not supported by Trio"
+        return trio.run(ensure_returns_coro(func), *args, **options)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        return trio.lowlevel.current_trio_token()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        return trio.current_time()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        return trio.Cancelled
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        await trio.sleep(delay)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> abc.CancelScope:
+        return CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        return trio.current_effective_deadline()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> abc.TaskGroup:
+        return TaskGroup()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> abc.Event:
+        return Event()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> Lock:
+        return Lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> abc.Semaphore:
+        return Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: abc.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        def wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+            with claim_worker_thread(TrioBackend, token):
+                return func(*args)
+
+        token = TrioBackend.current_token()
+        return await run_sync(
+            wrapper,
+            abandon_on_cancel=abandon_on_cancel,
+            limiter=cast(trio.CapacityLimiter, limiter),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        trio.from_thread.check_cancelled()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_co:
+        trio_token = cast("trio.lowlevel.TrioToken | None", token)
+        try:
+            return trio.from_thread.run(func, *args, trio_token=trio_token)
+        except trio.RunFinishedError:
+            raise RunFinishedError from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        trio_token = cast("trio.lowlevel.TrioToken | None", token)
+        try:
+            return trio.from_thread.run_sync(func, *args, trio_token=trio_token)
+        except trio.RunFinishedError:
+            raise RunFinishedError from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        def convert_item(item: StrOrBytesPath) -> str:
+            str_or_bytes = os.fspath(item)
+            if isinstance(str_or_bytes, str):
+                return str_or_bytes
+            else:
+                return os.fsdecode(str_or_bytes)
+
+        if isinstance(command, (str, bytes, PathLike)):
+            process = await trio.lowlevel.open_process(
+                convert_item(command),
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                shell=True,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            process = await trio.lowlevel.open_process(
+                [convert_item(item) for item in command],
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                shell=False,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        stdin_stream = SendStreamWrapper(process.stdin) if process.stdin else None
+        stdout_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stdout) if process.stdout else None
+        stderr_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stderr) if process.stderr else None
+        return Process(process, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+        trio.lowlevel.spawn_system_task(_shutdown_process_pool, workers)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> SocketStream:
+        family = socket.AF_INET6 if ":" in host else socket.AF_INET
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family)
+        trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        if local_address:
+            await trio_socket.bind(local_address)
+
+        try:
+            await trio_socket.connect((host, port))
+        except BaseException:
+            trio_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+        return SocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> abc.UNIXSocketStream:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+        try:
+            await trio_socket.connect(path)
+        except BaseException:
+            trio_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: socket.AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+
+        if reuse_port:
+            trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
+
+        if local_address:
+            await trio_socket.bind(local_address)
+
+        if remote_address:
+            await trio_socket.connect(remote_address)
+            return ConnectedUDPSocket(trio_socket)
+        else:
+            return UDPSocket(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes
+    ) -> abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket | abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket)
+
+        if remote_path:
+            await trio_socket.connect(remote_path)
+            return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(trio_socket)
+        else:
+            return UNIXDatagramSocket(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        return await trio.socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        return await trio.socket.getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            await wait_readable(obj)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None
+        except trio.BusyResourceError:
+            raise BusyResourceError("reading from") from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            await wait_writable(obj)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None
+        except trio.BusyResourceError:
+            raise BusyResourceError("writing to") from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        notify_closing(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX") and sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+            return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketStream:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return SocketStream(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UDPSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return ConnectedUDPSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UNIXDatagramSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket.socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return _capacity_limiter_wrapper.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            limiter = CapacityLimiter(
+                original=trio.to_thread.current_default_thread_limiter()
+            )
+            _capacity_limiter_wrapper.set(limiter)
+            return limiter
+
+    @classmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        return _SignalReceiver(signals)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        task = current_task()
+        return TrioTaskInfo(task)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        root_task = current_root_task()
+        assert root_task
+        task_infos = [TrioTaskInfo(root_task)]
+        nurseries = root_task.child_nurseries
+        while nurseries:
+            new_nurseries: list[trio.Nursery] = []
+            for nursery in nurseries:
+                for task in nursery.child_tasks:
+                    task_infos.append(TrioTaskInfo(task))
+                    new_nurseries.extend(task.child_nurseries)
+
+            nurseries = new_nurseries
+
+        return task_infos
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        from trio.testing import wait_all_tasks_blocked
+
+        await wait_all_tasks_blocked()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        return TestRunner(**options)
+
+
+backend_class = TrioBackend
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f35bae568e33e6a9e1219761c83cc8350fa0532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import socket
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from selectors import EVENT_READ, EVENT_WRITE, DefaultSelector
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+_selector_lock = threading.Lock()
+_selector: Selector | None = None
+
+
+class Selector:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run, name="AnyIO socket selector")
+        self._selector = DefaultSelector()
+        self._send, self._receive = socket.socketpair()
+        self._send.setblocking(False)
+        self._receive.setblocking(False)
+        # This somewhat reduces the amount of memory wasted queueing up data
+        # for wakeups. With these settings, maximum number of 1-byte sends
+        # before getting BlockingIOError:
+        #   Linux 4.8: 6
+        #   macOS (darwin 15.5): 1
+        #   Windows 10: 525347
+        # Windows you're weird. (And on Windows setting SNDBUF to 0 makes send
+        # blocking, even on non-blocking sockets, so don't do that.)
+        self._receive.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, 1)
+        self._send.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF, 1)
+        # On Windows this is a TCP socket so this might matter. On other
+        # platforms this fails b/c AF_UNIX sockets aren't actually TCP.
+        try:
+            self._send.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+        self._selector.register(self._receive, EVENT_READ)
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        self._thread.start()
+        threading._register_atexit(self._stop)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def _stop(self) -> None:
+        global _selector
+        self._closed = True
+        self._notify_self()
+        self._send.close()
+        self._thread.join()
+        self._selector.unregister(self._receive)
+        self._receive.close()
+        self._selector.close()
+        _selector = None
+        assert not self._selector.get_map(), (
+            "selector still has registered file descriptors after shutdown"
+        )
+
+    def _notify_self(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._send.send(b"\x00")
+        except BlockingIOError:
+            pass
+
+    def add_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_READ, {EVENT_READ: (loop, callback)})
+        else:
+            if EVENT_READ in key.data:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "this file descriptor is already registered for reading"
+                )
+
+            key.data[EVENT_READ] = loop, callback
+            self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_READ, key.data)
+
+        self._notify_self()
+
+    def add_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_WRITE, {EVENT_WRITE: (loop, callback)})
+        else:
+            if EVENT_WRITE in key.data:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "this file descriptor is already registered for writing"
+                )
+
+            key.data[EVENT_WRITE] = loop, callback
+            self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_WRITE, key.data)
+
+        self._notify_self()
+
+    def remove_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool:
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_READ:
+            del key.data[EVENT_READ]
+            self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data)
+        else:
+            self._selector.unregister(fd)
+
+        return True
+
+    def remove_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool:
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_WRITE:
+            del key.data[EVENT_WRITE]
+            self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data)
+        else:
+            self._selector.unregister(fd)
+
+        return True
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        while not self._closed:
+            for key, events in self._selector.select():
+                if key.fileobj is self._receive:
+                    try:
+                        while self._receive.recv(4096):
+                            pass
+                    except BlockingIOError:
+                        pass
+
+                    continue
+
+                if events & EVENT_READ:
+                    loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_READ]
+                    self.remove_reader(key.fd)
+                    try:
+                        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        pass  # the loop was already closed
+
+                if events & EVENT_WRITE:
+                    loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_WRITE]
+                    self.remove_writer(key.fd)
+                    try:
+                        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        pass  # the loop was already closed
+
+
+def get_selector() -> Selector:
+    global _selector
+
+    with _selector_lock:
+        if _selector is None:
+            _selector = Selector()
+            _selector.start()
+
+        return _selector
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..302f32b0c78a7071605b195c55054cfdb0b55f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, AbstractContextManager
+from inspect import isasyncgen, iscoroutine, isgenerator
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Protocol, TypeVar, cast, final
+
+_T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
+_ExitT_co = TypeVar("_ExitT_co", covariant=True, bound="bool | None")
+
+
+class _SupportsCtxMgr(Protocol[_T_co, _ExitT_co]):
+    def __contextmanager__(self) -> AbstractContextManager[_T_co, _ExitT_co]: ...
+
+
+class _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr(Protocol[_T_co, _ExitT_co]):
+    def __asynccontextmanager__(
+        self,
+    ) -> AbstractAsyncContextManager[_T_co, _ExitT_co]: ...
+
+
+class ContextManagerMixin:
+    """
+    Mixin class providing context manager functionality via a generator-based
+    implementation.
+
+    This class allows you to implement a context manager via :meth:`__contextmanager__`
+    which should return a generator. The mechanics are meant to mirror those of
+    :func:`@contextmanager <contextlib.contextmanager>`.
+
+    .. note:: Classes using this mix-in are not reentrant as context managers, meaning
+        that once you enter it, you can't re-enter before first exiting it.
+
+    .. seealso:: :doc:`contextmanagers`
+    """
+
+    __cm: AbstractContextManager[object, bool | None] | None = None
+
+    @final
+    def __enter__(self: _SupportsCtxMgr[_T_co, bool | None]) -> _T_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, ContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has already been entered"
+            )
+
+        cm = self.__contextmanager__()
+        if not isinstance(cm, AbstractContextManager):
+            if isgenerator(cm):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__contextmanager__() returned a generator object instead of "
+                    "a context manager. Did you forget to add the @contextmanager "
+                    "decorator?"
+                )
+
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"__contextmanager__() did not return a context manager object, "
+                f"but {cm.__class__!r}"
+            )
+
+        if cm is self:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.__contextmanager__() returned "
+                f"self. Did you forget to add the @contextmanager decorator and a "
+                f"'yield' statement?"
+            )
+
+        value = cm.__enter__()
+        self.__cm = cm
+        return value
+
+    @final
+    def __exit__(
+        self: _SupportsCtxMgr[object, _ExitT_co],
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> _ExitT_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, ContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has not been entered yet"
+            )
+
+        # Prevent circular references
+        cm = self.__cm
+        del self.__cm
+
+        return cast(_ExitT_co, cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb))
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __contextmanager__(self) -> AbstractContextManager[object, bool | None]:
+        """
+        Implement your context manager logic here.
+
+        This method **must** be decorated with
+        :func:`@contextmanager <contextlib.contextmanager>`.
+
+        .. note:: Remember that the ``yield`` will raise any exception raised in the
+            enclosed context block, so use a ``finally:`` block to clean up resources!
+
+        :return: a context manager object
+        """
+
+
+class AsyncContextManagerMixin:
+    """
+    Mixin class providing async context manager functionality via a generator-based
+    implementation.
+
+    This class allows you to implement a context manager via
+    :meth:`__asynccontextmanager__`. The mechanics are meant to mirror those of
+    :func:`@asynccontextmanager <contextlib.asynccontextmanager>`.
+
+    .. note:: Classes using this mix-in are not reentrant as context managers, meaning
+        that once you enter it, you can't re-enter before first exiting it.
+
+    .. seealso:: :doc:`contextmanagers`
+    """
+
+    __cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[object, bool | None] | None = None
+
+    @final
+    async def __aenter__(self: _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr[_T_co, bool | None]) -> _T_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, AsyncContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has already been entered"
+            )
+
+        cm = self.__asynccontextmanager__()
+        if not isinstance(cm, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
+            if isasyncgen(cm):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__asynccontextmanager__() returned an async generator instead of "
+                    "an async context manager. Did you forget to add the "
+                    "@asynccontextmanager decorator?"
+                )
+            elif iscoroutine(cm):
+                cm.close()
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__asynccontextmanager__() returned a coroutine object instead of "
+                    "an async context manager. Did you forget to add the "
+                    "@asynccontextmanager decorator and a 'yield' statement?"
+                )
+
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"__asynccontextmanager__() did not return an async context manager, "
+                f"but {cm.__class__!r}"
+            )
+
+        if cm is self:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.__asynccontextmanager__() returned "
+                f"self. Did you forget to add the @asynccontextmanager decorator and a "
+                f"'yield' statement?"
+            )
+
+        value = await cm.__aenter__()
+        self.__cm = cm
+        return value
+
+    @final
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self: _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr[object, _ExitT_co],
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> _ExitT_co:
+        assert isinstance(self, AsyncContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has not been entered yet"
+            )
+
+        # Prevent circular references
+        cm = self.__cm
+        del self.__cm
+
+        return cast(_ExitT_co, await cm.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb))
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __asynccontextmanager__(
+        self,
+    ) -> AbstractAsyncContextManager[object, bool | None]:
+        """
+        Implement your async context manager logic here.
+
+        This method **must** be decorated with
+        :func:`@asynccontextmanager <contextlib.asynccontextmanager>`.
+
+        .. note:: Remember that the ``yield`` will raise any exception raised in the
+            enclosed context block, so use a ``finally:`` block to clean up resources!
+
+        :return: an async context manager object
+        """
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3e2ab1cc172f2fbd94f244ab110cb16aa7eb8eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import sys
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Generator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextvars import Token
+from importlib import import_module
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
+
+from ._exceptions import NoEventLoopError
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+sniffio: Any
+try:
+    import sniffio
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    sniffio = None
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..abc import AsyncBackend
+
+# This must be updated when new backends are introduced
+BACKENDS = "asyncio", "trio"
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+threadlocals = threading.local()
+loaded_backends: dict[str, type[AsyncBackend]] = {}
+
+
+def run(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    backend: str = "asyncio",
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop.
+
+    The current thread must not be already running an event loop.
+
+    :param func: a coroutine function
+    :param args: positional arguments to ``func``
+    :param backend: name of the asynchronous event loop implementation – currently
+        either ``asyncio`` or ``trio``
+    :param backend_options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()``
+        implementation with (documented :ref:`here <backend options>`)
+    :return: the return value of the coroutine function
+    :raises RuntimeError: if an asynchronous event loop is already running in this
+        thread
+    :raises LookupError: if the named backend is not found
+
+    """
+    if asynclib_name := current_async_library():
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Already running {asynclib_name} in this thread")
+
+    try:
+        async_backend = get_async_backend(backend)
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        if backend in BACKENDS:
+            raise LookupError(
+                f"Backend {backend!r} is not available. "
+                f"Install it with: pip install anyio[{backend}]"
+            ) from exc
+
+        raise LookupError(f"No such backend: {backend}") from exc
+
+    token = None
+    if asynclib_name is None:
+        # Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the async
+        # library
+        token = set_current_async_library(backend)
+
+    try:
+        backend_options = backend_options or {}
+        return async_backend.run(func, args, {}, backend_options)
+    finally:
+        reset_current_async_library(token)
+
+
+async def sleep(delay: float) -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task for the specified duration.
+
+    :param delay: the duration, in seconds
+
+    """
+    return await get_async_backend().sleep(delay)
+
+
+async def sleep_forever() -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task until it's cancelled.
+
+    This is a shortcut for ``sleep(math.inf)``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1
+
+    """
+    await sleep(math.inf)
+
+
+async def sleep_until(deadline: float) -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task until the given time.
+
+    :param deadline: the absolute time to wake up at (according to the internal
+        monotonic clock of the event loop)
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1
+
+    """
+    now = current_time()
+    await sleep(max(deadline - now, 0))
+
+
+def current_time() -> float:
+    """
+    Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock.
+
+    :return: the clock value (seconds)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().current_time()
+
+
+def get_all_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """Return a tuple of the names of all built-in backends."""
+    return BACKENDS
+
+
+def get_available_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """
+    Test for the availability of built-in backends.
+
+    :return a tuple of the built-in backend names that were successfully imported
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.12
+
+    """
+    available_backends: list[str] = []
+    for backend_name in get_all_backends():
+        try:
+            get_async_backend(backend_name)
+        except ImportError:
+            continue
+
+        available_backends.append(backend_name)
+
+    return tuple(available_backends)
+
+
+def get_cancelled_exc_class() -> type[BaseException]:
+    """
+    Return the current async library's cancellation exception class.
+
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().cancelled_exception_class()
+
+
+#
+# Private API
+#
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def claim_worker_thread(
+    backend_class: type[AsyncBackend], token: object
+) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+    from ..lowlevel import EventLoopToken
+
+    threadlocals.current_token = EventLoopToken(backend_class, token)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        del threadlocals.current_token
+
+
+def get_async_backend(asynclib_name: str | None = None) -> type[AsyncBackend]:
+    if asynclib_name is None:
+        asynclib_name = current_async_library()
+        if not asynclib_name:
+            raise NoEventLoopError(
+                f"Not currently running on any asynchronous event loop. "
+                f"Available async backends: {', '.join(get_all_backends())}"
+            )
+
+    # We use our own dict instead of sys.modules to get the already imported back-end
+    # class because the appropriate modules in sys.modules could potentially be only
+    # partially initialized
+    try:
+        return loaded_backends[asynclib_name]
+    except KeyError:
+        module = import_module(f"anyio._backends._{asynclib_name}")
+        loaded_backends[asynclib_name] = module.backend_class
+        return module.backend_class
+
+
+def current_async_library() -> str | None:
+    if sniffio is None:
+        # If sniffio is not installed, we assume we're either running asyncio or nothing
+        import asyncio
+
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            return "asyncio"
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+    else:
+        try:
+            return sniffio.current_async_library()
+        except sniffio.AsyncLibraryNotFoundError:
+            pass
+
+    return None
+
+
+def set_current_async_library(asynclib_name: str | None) -> Token | None:
+    # no-op if sniffio is not installed
+    if sniffio is None:
+        return None
+
+    return sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set(asynclib_name)
+
+
+def reset_current_async_library(token: Token | None) -> None:
+    if token is not None:
+        sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.reset(token)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd6eb9b5ca82c70014fc610670a34cd076b872fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+
+
+class BrokenResourceError(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to use a resource that has been rendered unusable due to external
+    causes (e.g. a send stream whose peer has disconnected).
+    """
+
+
+class BrokenWorkerProcess(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_process.run_sync` if the worker process terminates abruptly or
+    otherwise misbehaves.
+    """
+
+
+class BrokenWorkerInterpreter(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_interpreter.run_sync` if an unexpected exception is
+    raised in the subinterpreter.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, excinfo: Any):
+        # This was adapted from concurrent.futures.interpreter.ExecutionFailed
+        msg = excinfo.formatted
+        if not msg:
+            if excinfo.type and excinfo.msg:
+                msg = f"{excinfo.type.__name__}: {excinfo.msg}"
+            else:
+                msg = excinfo.type.__name__ or excinfo.msg
+
+        super().__init__(msg)
+        self.excinfo = excinfo
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            formatted = self.excinfo.errdisplay
+        except Exception:
+            return super().__str__()
+        else:
+            return dedent(
+                f"""
+                {super().__str__()}
+
+                Uncaught in the interpreter:
+
+                {formatted}
+                """.strip()
+            )
+
+
+class BusyResourceError(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when two tasks are trying to read from or write to the same resource
+    concurrently.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, action: str):
+        super().__init__(f"Another task is already {action} this resource")
+
+
+class ClosedResourceError(Exception):
+    """Raised when trying to use a resource that has been closed."""
+
+
+class ConnectionFailed(OSError):
+    """
+    Raised when a connection attempt fails.
+
+    .. note:: This class inherits from :exc:`OSError` for backwards compatibility.
+    """
+
+
+def iterate_exceptions(
+    exception: BaseException,
+) -> Generator[BaseException, None, None]:
+    if isinstance(exception, BaseExceptionGroup):
+        for exc in exception.exceptions:
+            yield from iterate_exceptions(exc)
+    else:
+        yield exception
+
+
+class DelimiterNotFound(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised during
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
+    maximum number of bytes has been read without the delimiter being found.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, max_bytes: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            f"The delimiter was not found among the first {max_bytes} bytes"
+        )
+
+
+class EndOfStream(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to read from a stream that has been closed from the other end.
+    """
+
+
+class IncompleteRead(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised during
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_exactly` or
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
+    connection is closed before the requested amount of bytes has been read.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            "The stream was closed before the read operation could be completed"
+        )
+
+
+class TypedAttributeLookupError(LookupError):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.TypedAttributeProvider.extra` when the given typed attribute
+    is not found and no default value has been given.
+    """
+
+
+class WouldBlock(Exception):
+    """Raised by ``X_nowait`` functions if ``X()`` would block."""
+
+
+class NoEventLoopError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised by several functions that require an event loop to be running in the current
+    thread when there is no running event loop.
+
+    This is also raised by :func:`.from_thread.run` and :func:`.from_thread.run_sync`
+    if not calling from an AnyIO worker thread, and no ``token`` was passed.
+    """
+
+
+class RunFinishedError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised by :func:`.from_thread.run` and :func:`.from_thread.run_sync` if the event
+    loop associated with the explicitly passed token has already finished.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            "The event loop associated with the given token has already finished"
+        )
+
+
+class TaskFailed(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when awaiting on, or attempting to access the return value of, a
+    :class:`.TaskHandle` that raised an exception.
+    """
+
+
+class TaskCancelled(TaskFailed):
+    """
+    Raised when awaiting on, or attempting to access the return value of, a
+    :class:`.TaskHandle` that was cancelled.
+    """
+
+
+class TaskNotFinished(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when attempting to access the return value or exception of a
+    :class:`.TaskHandle` that is still pending completion.
+    """
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..692c754b3fd5b8a2e795d7c981b2785423161216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,960 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import partial
+from os import PathLike
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AnyStr,
+    ClassVar,
+    Final,
+    Generic,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from .. import to_thread
+from ..abc import AsyncResource
+from ._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Self
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    from pathlib.types import PathInfo
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from types import ModuleType
+
+    from _typeshed import OpenBinaryMode, OpenTextMode, ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
+else:
+    ReadableBuffer = OpenBinaryMode = OpenTextMode = WriteableBuffer = object
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound="Path")
+
+
+class AsyncFile(AsyncResource, Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous file object.
+
+    This class wraps a standard file object and provides async friendly versions of the
+    following blocking methods (where available on the original file object):
+
+    * read
+    * read1
+    * readline
+    * readlines
+    * readinto
+    * readinto1
+    * write
+    * writelines
+    * truncate
+    * seek
+    * tell
+    * flush
+
+    All other methods are directly passed through.
+
+    This class supports the asynchronous context manager protocol which closes the
+    underlying file at the end of the context block.
+
+    This class also supports asynchronous iteration::
+
+        async with await open_file(...) as f:
+            async for line in f:
+                print(line)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, fp: IO[AnyStr], *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if limiter is not None and not isinstance(limiter, CapacityLimiter):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"limiter must be a CapacityLimiter or None, not "
+                f"{limiter.__class__.__name__}"
+            )
+
+        self._fp: Any = fp
+        self._limiter = limiter
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> object:
+        return getattr(self._fp, name)
+
+    @property
+    def limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter | None:
+        """The capacity limiter used by this file object, if not the global limiter."""
+        return self._limiter
+
+    @property
+    def wrapped(self) -> IO[AnyStr]:
+        """The wrapped file object."""
+        return self._fp
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[AnyStr]:
+        while True:
+            line = await self.readline()
+            if line:
+                yield line
+            else:
+                break
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.close, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> AnyStr:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read, size, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def read1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read1, size, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readline(self) -> AnyStr:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readline, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readlines, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readinto(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto, b, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readinto1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto1, b, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: ReadableBuffer) -> int: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: AsyncFile[str], b: str) -> int: ...
+
+    async def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer | str) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.write, b, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: AsyncFile[bytes], lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer]
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(self: AsyncFile[str], lines: Iterable[str]) -> None: ...
+
+    async def writelines(self, lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer] | Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._fp.writelines, lines, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def truncate(self, size: int | None = None) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.truncate, size, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int | None = os.SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._fp.seek, offset, whence, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.tell, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def flush(self) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.flush, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+
+@overload
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: OpenBinaryMode,
+    buffering: int = ...,
+    encoding: str | None = ...,
+    errors: str | None = ...,
+    newline: str | None = ...,
+    closefd: bool = ...,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ...,
+    *,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = ...,
+) -> AsyncFile[bytes]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+    buffering: int = ...,
+    encoding: str | None = ...,
+    errors: str | None = ...,
+    newline: str | None = ...,
+    closefd: bool = ...,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ...,
+    *,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = ...,
+) -> AsyncFile[str]: ...
+
+
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: str = "r",
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = None,
+    newline: str | None = None,
+    closefd: bool = True,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = None,
+    *,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> AsyncFile[Any]:
+    """
+    Open a file asynchronously.
+
+    Except for ``limiter``, the arguments are exactly the same as for the builtin :func:`open`.
+
+    :param limiter: an optional capacity limiter to use with the file
+        instead of the default one
+    :return: an asynchronous file object
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+        Added the ``limiter`` keyword argument.
+
+    """
+    fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+        open,
+        file,
+        mode,
+        buffering,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        newline,
+        closefd,
+        opener,
+        limiter=limiter,
+    )
+    return AsyncFile(fp, limiter=limiter)
+
+
+def wrap_file(
+    file: IO[AnyStr], *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+    """
+    Wrap an existing file as an asynchronous file.
+
+    :param file: an existing file-like object
+    :param limiter: an optional capacity limiter to use with the file
+        instead of the default one
+    :return: an asynchronous file object
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+        Added the ``limiter`` keyword argument.
+
+    """
+    return AsyncFile(file, limiter=limiter)
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _PathIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
+    iterator: Iterator[PathLike[str]]
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None
+    # This was added to ensure that iterating over a subclass of Path yields instances
+    # of that subclass rather than the base Path class.
+    path_cls: type[T]
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T:
+        nextval = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            next, self.iterator, None, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self.limiter
+        )
+        if nextval is None:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+        return self.path_cls(nextval, limiter=self.limiter)
+
+
+class Path:
+    """
+    An asynchronous version of :class:`pathlib.Path`.
+
+    This class cannot be substituted for :class:`pathlib.Path` or
+    :class:`pathlib.PurePath`, but it is compatible with the :class:`os.PathLike`
+    interface.
+
+    It implements the Python 3.10 version of :class:`pathlib.Path` interface, except for
+    the deprecated :meth:`~pathlib.Path.link_to` method.
+
+    Some methods may be unavailable or have limited functionality, based on the Python
+    version:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy_into` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.from_uri` (available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.full_match` (available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :attr:`~pathlib.Path.info` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_junction` (available on Python 3.12 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.match` (the ``case_sensitive`` parameter is only
+      available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move_into` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` (the ``walk_up`` parameter is only available
+      on Python 3.12 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.walk` (available on Python 3.12 or later)
+
+    Any methods that do disk I/O need to be awaited on. These methods are:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.absolute`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.chmod`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.cwd`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.expanduser`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.group`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.hardlink_to`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_junction`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lchmod`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lstat`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.mkdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.open`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.owner`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_bytes`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_text`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.readlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rename`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.replace`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.resolve`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rmdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.samefile`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.stat`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.symlink_to`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.touch`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.unlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.walk`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_bytes`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_text`
+
+    Additionally, the following methods return an async iterator yielding
+    :class:`~.Path` objects:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.glob`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.iterdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+        Added the ``limiter`` keyword argument.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_path", "_limiter", "__weakref__"
+
+    __weakref__: Any
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, *args: str | PathLike[str], limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if limiter is not None and not isinstance(limiter, CapacityLimiter):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"limiter must be a CapacityLimiter or None, not "
+                f"{limiter.__class__.__name__}"
+            )
+
+        self._path: Final[pathlib.Path] = pathlib.Path(*args)
+        self._limiter = limiter
+
+    def __fspath__(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.__fspath__()
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 15):
+
+        def __vfspath__(self) -> str:
+            return self._path.__vfspath__()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.__str__()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.as_posix()!r})"
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._path.__bytes__()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return self._path.__hash__()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__eq__(target)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__lt__(target)
+
+    def __le__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__le__(target)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__gt__(target)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__ge__(target)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path / other, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(other, limiter=self._limiter) / self
+
+    @property
+    def limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter | None:
+        """The capacity limiter used by this path, if not the global limiter."""
+        return self._limiter
+
+    @property
+    def parts(self) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+        return self._path.parts
+
+    @property
+    def drive(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.drive
+
+    @property
+    def root(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.root
+
+    @property
+    def anchor(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.anchor
+
+    @property
+    def parents(self) -> Sequence[Self]:
+        return tuple(type(self)(p, limiter=self._limiter) for p in self._path.parents)
+
+    @property
+    def parent(self) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.parent, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.name
+
+    @property
+    def suffix(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.suffix
+
+    @property
+    def suffixes(self) -> list[str]:
+        return self._path.suffixes
+
+    @property
+    def stem(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.stem
+
+    async def absolute(self) -> Self:
+        path = await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.absolute, limiter=self._limiter)
+        return type(self)(path, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def as_posix(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.as_posix()
+
+    def as_uri(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.as_uri()
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        parser: ClassVar[ModuleType] = pathlib.Path.parser
+
+        @classmethod
+        def from_uri(cls, uri: str, *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None) -> Self:
+            return cls(pathlib.Path.from_uri(uri), limiter=limiter)
+
+        def full_match(
+            self, path_pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            return self._path.full_match(path_pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+
+        def match(
+            self, path_pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            return self._path.match(path_pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+    else:
+
+        def match(self, path_pattern: str) -> bool:
+            return self._path.match(path_pattern)
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+
+        @property
+        def info(self) -> PathInfo:
+            return self._path.info
+
+        async def copy(
+            self,
+            target: str | os.PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = True,
+            preserve_metadata: bool = False,
+        ) -> Self:
+            func = partial(
+                self._path.copy,
+                follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks,
+                preserve_metadata=preserve_metadata,
+            )
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    func, pathlib.Path(target), limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+        async def copy_into(
+            self,
+            target_dir: str | os.PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = True,
+            preserve_metadata: bool = False,
+        ) -> Self:
+            func = partial(
+                self._path.copy_into,
+                follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks,
+                preserve_metadata=preserve_metadata,
+            )
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    func, pathlib.Path(target_dir), limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+        async def move(self, target: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+            # Upstream does not handle anyio.Path properly as a PathLike
+            target = pathlib.Path(target)
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    self._path.move, target, limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+        async def move_into(
+            self,
+            target_dir: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        ) -> Self:
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    self._path.move_into, target_dir, limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+    def is_relative_to(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> bool:
+        try:
+            self.relative_to(other)
+            return True
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+    async def chmod(self, mode: int, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> None:
+        func = partial(os.chmod, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(func, self._path, mode, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cwd(cls, *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None) -> Self:
+        path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.cwd, limiter=limiter)
+        return cls(path, limiter=limiter)
+
+    async def exists(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.exists, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def expanduser(self) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(
+            await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._path.expanduser, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+            ),
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        # Python 3.11 and earlier
+        def glob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(pattern)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif (3, 12) <= sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+        # changed in Python 3.12:
+        # - The case_sensitive parameter was added.
+        def glob(
+            self,
+            pattern: str,
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.13:
+        # - The recurse_symlinks parameter was added.
+        # - The pattern parameter accepts a path-like object.
+        def glob(  # type: ignore[misc] # mypy doesn't allow for differing signatures in a conditional block
+            self,
+            pattern: str | PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+            recurse_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(
+                pattern,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                recurse_symlinks=recurse_symlinks,
+            )
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+
+    async def group(self) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.group, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def hardlink_to(
+        self, target: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(os.link, target, self, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def home(cls, *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None) -> Self:
+        home_path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.home, limiter=limiter)
+        return cls(home_path, limiter=limiter)
+
+    def is_absolute(self) -> bool:
+        return self._path.is_absolute()
+
+    async def is_block_device(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_block_device, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_char_device(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_char_device, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_dir(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_dir, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_fifo(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_fifo, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_file(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_file, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        async def is_junction(self) -> bool:
+            return await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._path.is_junction, limiter=self._limiter
+            )
+
+    async def is_mount(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            os.path.ismount, self._path, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 15):
+
+        def is_reserved(self) -> bool:
+            return self._path.is_reserved()
+
+    async def is_socket(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_socket, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_symlink(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_symlink, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def iterdir(self) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+        gen = (
+            self._path.iterdir()
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 13)
+            else await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._path.iterdir, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+            )
+        )
+        async for path in _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self)):
+            yield path
+
+    def joinpath(self, *args: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.joinpath(*args), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def lchmod(self, mode: int) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.lchmod, mode, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def lstat(self) -> os.stat_result:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.lstat, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def mkdir(
+        self, mode: int = 0o777, parents: bool = False, exist_ok: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.mkdir, mode, parents, exist_ok, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    @overload
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[str]: ...
+
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: str = "r",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[Any]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.open,
+            mode,
+            buffering,
+            encoding,
+            errors,
+            newline,
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+        return AsyncFile(fp, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def owner(self) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.owner, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def read_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.read_bytes, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def read_text(
+        self, encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.read_text, encoding, errors, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        def relative_to(
+            self, *other: str | PathLike[str], walk_up: bool = False
+        ) -> Self:
+            # relative_to() should work with any PathLike but it doesn't
+            others = [pathlib.Path(other) for other in other]
+            return type(self)(
+                self._path.relative_to(*others, walk_up=walk_up), limiter=self._limiter
+            )
+
+    else:
+
+        def relative_to(self, *other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+            return type(self)(self._path.relative_to(*other), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readlink(self) -> Self:
+        target = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            os.readlink, self._path, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+        return type(self)(target, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def rename(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Self:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rename, target, limiter=self._limiter)
+        return type(self)(target, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def replace(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Self:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.replace, target, limiter=self._limiter)
+        return type(self)(target, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def resolve(self, strict: bool = False) -> Self:
+        func = partial(self._path.resolve, strict=strict)
+        return type(self)(
+            await to_thread.run_sync(
+                func, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+            ),
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        # Pre Python 3.12
+        def rglob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(pattern)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif (3, 12) <= sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.12:
+        # - The case_sensitive parameter was added.
+        def rglob(
+            self, pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.13:
+        # - The recurse_symlinks parameter was added.
+        # - The pattern parameter accepts a path-like object.
+        def rglob(  # type: ignore[misc] # mypy doesn't allow for differing signatures in a conditional block
+            self,
+            pattern: str | PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+            recurse_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(
+                pattern,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                recurse_symlinks=recurse_symlinks,
+            )
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+
+    async def rmdir(self) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rmdir, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def samefile(self, other_path: str | PathLike[str]) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other_path, Path):
+            other_path = other_path._path
+
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.samefile,
+            other_path,
+            abandon_on_cancel=True,
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+    async def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> os.stat_result:
+        func = partial(os.stat, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            func, self._path, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def symlink_to(
+        self,
+        target: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes],
+        target_is_directory: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.symlink_to, target, target_is_directory, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def touch(self, mode: int = 0o666, exist_ok: bool = True) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.touch, mode, exist_ok, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def unlink(self, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.unlink, limiter=self._limiter)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            if not missing_ok:
+                raise
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        async def walk(
+            self,
+            top_down: bool = True,
+            on_error: Callable[[OSError], object] | None = None,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[tuple[Self, list[str], list[str]]]:
+            def get_next_value() -> tuple[pathlib.Path, list[str], list[str]] | None:
+                try:
+                    return next(gen)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    return None
+
+            gen = self._path.walk(top_down, on_error, follow_symlinks)
+            while True:
+                value = await to_thread.run_sync(get_next_value, limiter=self._limiter)
+                if value is None:
+                    return
+
+                root, dirs, paths = value
+                yield type(self)(root, limiter=self._limiter), dirs, paths
+
+    def with_name(self, name: str) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.with_name(name), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def with_stem(self, stem: str) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(
+            self._path.with_name(stem + self._path.suffix), limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    def with_suffix(self, suffix: str) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.with_suffix(suffix), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def with_segments(self, *pathsegments: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(*pathsegments, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def write_bytes(self, data: ReadableBuffer) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.write_bytes, data, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def write_text(
+        self,
+        data: str,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+    ) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.write_text,
+            data,
+            encoding,
+            errors,
+            newline,
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+
+PathLike.register(Path)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a5344aef2962670f9b305a02cd0b11f2087d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..abc import AsyncResource
+from ._tasks import CancelScope
+
+
+async def aclose_forcefully(resource: AsyncResource) -> None:
+    """
+    Close an asynchronous resource in a cancelled scope.
+
+    Doing this closes the resource without waiting on anything.
+
+    :param resource: the resource to close
+
+    """
+    with CancelScope() as scope:
+        scope.cancel()
+        await resource.aclose()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e24c79e10d4b76775679f7dd0dbe3f5860150451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from signal import Signals
+
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+
+
+def open_signal_receiver(
+    *signals: Signals,
+) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+    """
+    Start receiving operating system signals.
+
+    :param signals: signals to receive (e.g. ``signal.SIGINT``)
+    :return: an asynchronous context manager for an asynchronous iterator which yields
+        signal numbers
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. warning:: Windows does not support signals natively so it is best to avoid
+        relying on this in cross-platform applications.
+
+    .. warning:: On asyncio, this permanently replaces any previous signal handler for
+        the given signals, as set via :meth:`~asyncio.loop.add_signal_handler`.
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().open_signal_receiver(*signals)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29f73324185d42ec4a924affc4c32994a2248f3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1011 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import os
+import socket
+import ssl
+import stat
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address, ip_address
+from os import PathLike, chmod
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, cast, overload
+
+from .. import ConnectionFailed, to_thread
+from ..abc import (
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+    ConnectedUDPSocket,
+    ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket,
+    IPAddressType,
+    IPSockAddrType,
+    SocketListener,
+    SocketStream,
+    UDPSocket,
+    UNIXDatagramSocket,
+    UNIXSocketStream,
+)
+from ..streams.stapled import MultiListener
+from ..streams.tls import TLSConnectable, TLSStream
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._resources import aclose_forcefully
+from ._synchronization import Event
+from ._tasks import create_task_group, move_on_after
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+else:
+    FileDescriptorLike = object
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from exceptiongroup import ExceptionGroup
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+    from typing_extensions import deprecated
+else:
+    from warnings import deprecated
+
+IPPROTO_IPV6 = getattr(socket, "IPPROTO_IPV6", 41)  # https://bugs.python.org/issue29515
+
+AnyIPAddressFamily = Literal[
+    AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC, AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6
+]
+IPAddressFamily = Literal[AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6]
+
+
+# tls_hostname given
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# ssl_context given
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# tls=True
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    tls: Literal[True],
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# tls=False
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    tls: Literal[False],
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> SocketStream: ...
+
+
+# No TLS arguments
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> SocketStream: ...
+
+
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int | None = None,
+    tls: bool = False,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = None,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = 0.25,
+) -> SocketStream | TLSStream:
+    """
+    Connect to a host using the TCP protocol.
+
+    This function implements the stateless version of the Happy Eyeballs algorithm (RFC
+    6555). If ``remote_host`` is a host name that resolves to multiple IP addresses,
+    each one is tried until one connection attempt succeeds. If the first attempt does
+    not connected within 250 milliseconds, a second attempt is started using the next
+    address in the list, and so on. On IPv6 enabled systems, an IPv6 address (if
+    available) is tried first.
+
+    When the connection has been established, a TLS handshake will be done if either
+    ``ssl_context`` or ``tls_hostname`` is not ``None``, or if ``tls`` is ``True``.
+
+    :param remote_host: the IP address or host name to connect to
+    :param remote_port: port on the target host to connect to
+    :param local_host: the interface address or name to bind the socket to before
+        connecting
+    :param local_port: the local port to bind to (requires ``local_host`` to also be
+        set)
+    :param tls: ``True`` to do a TLS handshake with the connected stream and return a
+        :class:`~anyio.streams.tls.TLSStream` instead
+    :param ssl_context: the SSL context object to use (if omitted, a default context is
+        created)
+    :param tls_standard_compatible: If ``True``, performs the TLS shutdown handshake
+        before closing the stream and requires that the server does this as well.
+        Otherwise, :exc:`~ssl.SSLEOFError` may be raised during reads from the stream.
+        Some protocols, such as HTTP, require this option to be ``False``.
+        See :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` for details.
+    :param tls_hostname: host name to check the server certificate against (defaults to
+        the value of ``remote_host``)
+    :param happy_eyeballs_delay: delay (in seconds) before starting the next connection
+        attempt
+    :return: a socket stream object if no TLS handshake was done, otherwise a TLS stream
+    :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+
+    """
+    # Placed here due to https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/7057
+    connected_stream: SocketStream | None = None
+
+    async def try_connect(remote_host: str, event: Event) -> None:
+        nonlocal connected_stream
+        try:
+            stream = await asynclib.connect_tcp(remote_host, remote_port, local_address)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            oserrors.append(exc)
+            return
+        else:
+            if connected_stream is None:
+                connected_stream = stream
+                tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+            else:
+                await stream.aclose()
+        finally:
+            event.set()
+
+    asynclib = get_async_backend()
+    local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    family = socket.AF_UNSPEC
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(str(local_host), local_port)
+        family, *_, local_address = gai_res[0]
+
+    target_host = str(remote_host)
+    try:
+        addr_obj = ip_address(remote_host)
+    except ValueError:
+        addr_obj = None
+
+    if addr_obj is not None:
+        if isinstance(addr_obj, IPv6Address):
+            target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET6, addr_obj.compressed)]
+        else:
+            target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET, addr_obj.compressed)]
+    else:
+        # getaddrinfo() will raise an exception if name resolution fails
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            target_host, remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM
+        )
+
+        # Organize the list so that the first address is an IPv6 address (if available)
+        # and the second one is an IPv4 addresses. The rest can be in whatever order.
+        v6_found = v4_found = False
+        target_addrs = []
+        for af, *_, sa in gai_res:
+            if af == socket.AF_INET6 and not v6_found:
+                v6_found = True
+                target_addrs.insert(0, (af, sa[0]))
+            elif af == socket.AF_INET and not v4_found and v6_found:
+                v4_found = True
+                target_addrs.insert(1, (af, sa[0]))
+            else:
+                target_addrs.append((af, sa[0]))
+
+    oserrors: list[OSError] = []
+    try:
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            for _af, addr in target_addrs:
+                event = Event()
+                tg.start_soon(try_connect, addr, event)
+                with move_on_after(happy_eyeballs_delay):
+                    await event.wait()
+
+        if connected_stream is None:
+            cause = (
+                oserrors[0]
+                if len(oserrors) == 1
+                else ExceptionGroup("multiple connection attempts failed", oserrors)
+            )
+            raise OSError("All connection attempts failed") from cause
+    finally:
+        oserrors.clear()
+
+    if tls or tls_hostname or ssl_context:
+        try:
+            return await TLSStream.wrap(
+                connected_stream,
+                server_side=False,
+                hostname=tls_hostname or str(remote_host),
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                standard_compatible=tls_standard_compatible,
+            )
+        except BaseException:
+            await aclose_forcefully(connected_stream)
+            raise
+
+    return connected_stream
+
+
+async def connect_unix(path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any]) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+    """
+    Connect to the given UNIX socket.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path to the socket
+    :return: a socket stream object
+    :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+
+    """
+    path = os.fspath(path)
+    return await get_async_backend().connect_unix(path)
+
+
+async def create_tcp_listener(
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = socket.AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    backlog: int = 65536,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> MultiListener[SocketStream]:
+    """
+    Create a TCP socket listener.
+
+    :param local_port: port number to listen on
+    :param local_host: IP address of the interface to listen on. If omitted, listen on
+        all IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces. To listen on all interfaces on a specific address
+        family, use ``0.0.0.0`` for IPv4 or ``::`` for IPv6.
+    :param family: address family (used if ``local_host`` was omitted)
+    :param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of
+        2**16, or 65536)
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a multi-listener object containing one or more socket listeners
+    :raises OSError: if there's an error creating a socket, or binding to one or more
+        interfaces failed
+
+    """
+    asynclib = get_async_backend()
+    backlog = min(backlog, 65536)
+    local_host = str(local_host) if local_host is not None else None
+
+    def setup_raw_socket(
+        fam: AddressFamily,
+        bind_addr: tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int],
+        *,
+        v6only: bool = True,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        sock = socket.socket(fam)
+        try:
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+            if fam == AddressFamily.AF_INET6:
+                sock.setsockopt(IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_V6ONLY, v6only)
+
+            # For Windows, enable exclusive address use. For others, enable address
+            # reuse.
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE, 1)
+            else:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+
+            if reuse_port:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
+
+            # Workaround for #554
+            if fam == socket.AF_INET6 and "%" in bind_addr[0]:
+                addr, scope_id = bind_addr[0].split("%", 1)
+                bind_addr = (addr, bind_addr[1], 0, int(scope_id))
+
+            sock.bind(bind_addr)
+            sock.listen(backlog)
+        except BaseException:
+            sock.close()
+            raise
+
+        return sock
+
+    # We passing type=0 on non-Windows platforms as a workaround for a uvloop bug
+    # where we don't get the correct scope ID for IPv6 link-local addresses when passing
+    # type=socket.SOCK_STREAM to getaddrinfo():
+    # https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/issues/539
+    gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+        local_host,
+        local_port,
+        family=family,
+        type=socket.SOCK_STREAM if sys.platform == "win32" else 0,
+        flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+    )
+
+    # The set comprehension is here to work around a glibc bug:
+    # https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14969
+    sockaddrs = sorted({res for res in gai_res if res[1] == SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM})
+
+    # Special case for dual-stack binding on the "any" interface
+    if (
+        local_host is None
+        and family == AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC
+        and socket.has_dualstack_ipv6()
+        and any(fam == AddressFamily.AF_INET6 for fam, *_ in gai_res)
+    ):
+        raw_socket = setup_raw_socket(
+            AddressFamily.AF_INET6, ("::", local_port), v6only=False
+        )
+        listener = asynclib.create_tcp_listener(raw_socket)
+        return MultiListener([listener])
+
+    errors: list[OSError] = []
+    try:
+        for _ in range(len(sockaddrs)):
+            listeners: list[SocketListener] = []
+            bound_ephemeral_port = local_port
+            try:
+                for fam, *_, sockaddr in sockaddrs:
+                    sockaddr = sockaddr[0], bound_ephemeral_port, *sockaddr[2:]
+                    raw_socket = setup_raw_socket(fam, sockaddr)
+
+                    # Store the assigned port if an ephemeral port was requested, so
+                    # we'll bind to the same port on all interfaces
+                    if local_port == 0 and len(gai_res) > 1:
+                        bound_ephemeral_port = raw_socket.getsockname()[1]
+
+                    listeners.append(asynclib.create_tcp_listener(raw_socket))
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                for listener in listeners:
+                    await listener.aclose()
+
+                # If an ephemeral port was requested but binding the assigned port
+                # failed for another interface, rotate the address list and try again
+                if (
+                    isinstance(exc, OSError)
+                    and exc.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE
+                    and local_port == 0
+                    and bound_ephemeral_port
+                ):
+                    errors.append(exc)
+                    sockaddrs.append(sockaddrs.pop(0))
+                    continue
+
+                raise
+
+            return MultiListener(listeners)
+
+        raise OSError(
+            f"Could not create {len(sockaddrs)} listeners with a consistent port"
+        ) from ExceptionGroup("Several bind attempts failed", errors)
+    finally:
+        del errors  # Prevent reference cycles
+
+
+async def create_unix_listener(
+    path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    *,
+    mode: int | None = None,
+    backlog: int = 65536,
+) -> SocketListener:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX socket listener.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path of the socket
+    :param mode: permissions to set on the socket
+    :param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of
+        2**16, or 65536)
+    :return: a listener object
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        If a socket already exists on the file system in the given path, it will be
+        removed first.
+
+    """
+    backlog = min(backlog, 65536)
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(path, mode, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    try:
+        raw_socket.listen(backlog)
+        return get_async_backend().create_unix_listener(raw_socket)
+    except BaseException:
+        raw_socket.close()
+        raise
+
+
+async def create_udp_socket(
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> UDPSocket:
+    """
+    Create a UDP socket.
+
+    If ``port`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this port on the local
+    machine, making this socket suitable for providing UDP based services.
+
+    :param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) – automatically
+        determined from ``local_host`` if omitted
+    :param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to
+    :param local_port: local port to bind to
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a UDP socket
+
+    """
+    if family is AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC and not local_host:
+        raise ValueError('Either "family" or "local_host" must be given')
+
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            str(local_host),
+            local_port,
+            family=family,
+            type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+        )
+        family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+        local_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+    elif family is AddressFamily.AF_INET6:
+        local_address = ("::", 0)
+    else:
+        local_address = ("0.0.0.0", 0)
+
+    sock = await get_async_backend().create_udp_socket(
+        family, local_address, None, reuse_port
+    )
+    return cast(UDPSocket, sock)
+
+
+async def create_connected_udp_socket(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+    """
+    Create a connected UDP socket.
+
+    Connected UDP sockets can only communicate with the specified remote host/port, an
+    any packets sent from other sources are dropped.
+
+    :param remote_host: remote host to set as the default target
+    :param remote_port: port on the remote host to set as the default target
+    :param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) – automatically
+        determined from ``local_host`` or ``remote_host`` if omitted
+    :param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to
+    :param local_port: local port to bind to
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a connected UDP socket
+
+    """
+    local_address = None
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            str(local_host),
+            local_port,
+            family=family,
+            type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+        )
+        family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+        local_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+
+    gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+        str(remote_host), remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+    remote_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+
+    sock = await get_async_backend().create_udp_socket(
+        family, local_address, remote_address, reuse_port
+    )
+    return cast(ConnectedUDPSocket, sock)
+
+
+async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+    *,
+    local_path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any] = None,
+    local_mode: int | None = None,
+) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX datagram socket.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    If ``local_path`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this path, making this
+    socket suitable for receiving datagrams from other processes. Other processes can
+    send datagrams to this socket only if ``local_path`` is set.
+
+    If a socket already exists on the file system in the ``local_path``, it will be
+    removed first.
+
+    :param local_path: the path on which to bind to
+    :param local_mode: permissions to set on the local socket
+    :return: a UNIX datagram socket
+
+    """
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(
+        local_path, local_mode, socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    return await get_async_backend().create_unix_datagram_socket(raw_socket, None)
+
+
+async def create_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+    remote_path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    *,
+    local_path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any] = None,
+    local_mode: int | None = None,
+) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+    """
+    Create a connected UNIX datagram socket.
+
+    Connected datagram sockets can only communicate with the specified remote path.
+
+    If ``local_path`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this path, making
+    this socket suitable for receiving datagrams from other processes. Other processes
+    can send datagrams to this socket only if ``local_path`` is set.
+
+    If a socket already exists on the file system in the ``local_path``, it will be
+    removed first.
+
+    :param remote_path: the path to set as the default target
+    :param local_path: the path on which to bind to
+    :param local_mode: permissions to set on the local socket
+    :return: a connected UNIX datagram socket
+
+    """
+    remote_path = os.fspath(remote_path)
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(
+        local_path, local_mode, socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    return await get_async_backend().create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        raw_socket, remote_path
+    )
+
+
+async def getaddrinfo(
+    host: bytes | str | None,
+    port: str | int | None,
+    *,
+    family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+    type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+    proto: int = 0,
+    flags: int = 0,
+) -> list[tuple[AddressFamily, SocketKind, int, str, tuple[str, int]]]:
+    """
+    Look up a numeric IP address given a host name.
+
+    Internationalized domain names are translated according to the (non-transitional)
+    IDNA 2008 standard.
+
+    .. note:: 4-tuple IPv6 socket addresses are automatically converted to 2-tuples of
+        (host, port), unlike what :func:`socket.getaddrinfo` does.
+
+    :param host: host name
+    :param port: port number
+    :param family: socket family (`'AF_INET``, ...)
+    :param type: socket type (``SOCK_STREAM``, ...)
+    :param proto: protocol number
+    :param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getaddrinfo()``
+    :return: list of tuples containing (family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr)
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`socket.getaddrinfo`
+
+    """
+    # Handle unicode hostnames
+    if isinstance(host, str):
+        try:
+            encoded_host: bytes | None = host.encode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            import idna
+
+            encoded_host = idna.encode(host, uts46=True)
+    else:
+        encoded_host = host
+
+    gai_res = await get_async_backend().getaddrinfo(
+        encoded_host, port, family=family, type=type, proto=proto, flags=flags
+    )
+    return [
+        (family, type, proto, canonname, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(sockaddr))
+        for family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr in gai_res
+        # filter out IPv6 results when IPv6 is disabled
+        if not isinstance(sockaddr[0], int)
+    ]
+
+
+def getnameinfo(sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0) -> Awaitable[tuple[str, str]]:
+    """
+    Look up the host name of an IP address.
+
+    :param sockaddr: socket address (e.g. (ipaddress, port) for IPv4)
+    :param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getnameinfo()``
+    :return: a tuple of (host name, service name)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`socket.getnameinfo`
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+
+@deprecated("This function is deprecated; use `wait_readable` instead")
+def wait_socket_readable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 4.7.0
+       Use :func:`wait_readable` instead.
+
+    Wait until the given socket has data to be read.
+
+    .. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param sock: a socket object
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the
+        socket to become readable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket
+        to become readable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_readable(sock.fileno())
+
+
+@deprecated("This function is deprecated; use `wait_writable` instead")
+def wait_socket_writable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 4.7.0
+       Use :func:`wait_writable` instead.
+
+    Wait until the given socket can be written to.
+
+    This does **NOT** work on Windows when using the asyncio backend with a proactor
+    event loop (default on py3.8+).
+
+    .. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param sock: a socket object
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the
+        socket to become writable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket
+        to become writable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_writable(sock.fileno())
+
+
+def wait_readable(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    Wait until the given object has data to be read.
+
+    On Unix systems, ``obj`` must either be an integer file descriptor, or else an
+    object with a ``.fileno()`` method which returns an integer file descriptor. Any
+    kind of file descriptor can be passed, though the exact semantics will depend on
+    your kernel. For example, this probably won't do anything useful for on-disk files.
+
+    On Windows systems, ``obj`` must either be an integer ``SOCKET`` handle, or else an
+    object with a ``.fileno()`` method which returns an integer ``SOCKET`` handle. File
+    descriptors aren't supported, and neither are handles that refer to anything besides
+    a ``SOCKET``.
+
+    On backends where this functionality is not natively provided (asyncio
+    ``ProactorEventLoop`` on Windows), it is provided using a separate selector thread
+    which is set to shut down when the interpreter shuts down.
+
+    .. warning:: Don't use this on raw sockets that have been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the object was closed while waiting for the
+        object to become readable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the object
+        to become readable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_readable(obj)
+
+
+def wait_writable(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    Wait until the given object can be written to.
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the object was closed while waiting for the
+        object to become writable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the object
+        to become writable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. seealso:: See the documentation of :func:`wait_readable` for the definition of
+       ``obj`` and notes on backend compatibility.
+
+    .. warning:: Don't use this on raw sockets that have been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_writable(obj)
+
+
+def notify_closing(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+    """
+    Call this before closing a file descriptor (on Unix) or socket (on
+    Windows). This will cause any `wait_readable` or `wait_writable`
+    calls on the given object to immediately wake up and raise
+    `~anyio.ClosedResourceError`.
+
+    This doesn't actually close the object – you still have to do that
+    yourself afterwards. Also, you want to be careful to make sure no
+    new tasks start waiting on the object in between when you call this
+    and when it's actually closed. So to close something properly, you
+    usually want to do these steps in order:
+
+    1. Explicitly mark the object as closed, so that any new attempts
+       to use it will abort before they start.
+    2. Call `notify_closing` to wake up any already-existing users.
+    3. Actually close the object.
+
+    It's also possible to do them in a different order if that's more
+    convenient, *but only if* you make sure not to have any checkpoints in
+    between the steps. This way they all happen in a single atomic
+    step, so other tasks won't be able to tell what order they happened
+    in anyway.
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    get_async_backend().notify_closing(obj)
+
+
+#
+# Private API
+#
+
+
+def convert_ipv6_sockaddr(
+    sockaddr: tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[str, int],
+) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """
+    Convert a 4-tuple IPv6 socket address to a 2-tuple (address, port) format.
+
+    If the scope ID is nonzero, it is added to the address, separated with ``%``.
+    Otherwise the flow id and scope id are simply cut off from the tuple.
+    Any other kinds of socket addresses are returned as-is.
+
+    :param sockaddr: the result of :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`
+    :return: the converted socket address
+
+    """
+    # This is more complicated than it should be because of MyPy
+    if isinstance(sockaddr, tuple) and len(sockaddr) == 4:
+        host, port, flowinfo, scope_id = sockaddr
+        if scope_id:
+            # PyPy (as of v7.3.11) leaves the interface name in the result, so
+            # we discard it and only get the scope ID from the end
+            # (https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3938)
+            host = host.split("%")[0]
+
+            # Add scope_id to the address
+            return f"{host}%{scope_id}", port
+        else:
+            return host, port
+    else:
+        return sockaddr
+
+
+async def setup_unix_local_socket(
+    path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    mode: int | None,
+    socktype: int,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX local socket object, deleting the socket at the given path if it
+    exists.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path of the socket
+    :param mode: permissions to set on the socket
+    :param socktype: socket.SOCK_STREAM or socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+
+    """
+    path_str: str | None
+    if path is not None:
+        path_str = os.fsdecode(path)
+
+        # Linux abstract namespace sockets aren't backed by a concrete file so skip stat call
+        if not path_str.startswith("\0"):
+            # Copied from pathlib...
+            try:
+                stat_result = os.stat(path)
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.errno not in (
+                    errno.ENOENT,
+                    errno.ENOTDIR,
+                    errno.EBADF,
+                    errno.ELOOP,
+                ):
+                    raise
+            else:
+                if stat.S_ISSOCK(stat_result.st_mode):
+                    os.unlink(path)
+    else:
+        path_str = None
+
+    raw_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socktype)
+    raw_socket.setblocking(False)
+
+    if path_str is not None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(raw_socket.bind, path_str, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+            if mode is not None:
+                await to_thread.run_sync(chmod, path_str, mode, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+        except BaseException:
+            raw_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+    return raw_socket
+
+
+@dataclass
+class TCPConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Connects to a TCP server at the given host and port.
+
+    :param host: host name or IP address of the server
+    :param port: TCP port number of the server
+    """
+
+    host: str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address
+    port: int
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if self.port < 1 or self.port > 65535:
+            raise ValueError("TCP port number out of range")
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> SocketStream:
+        try:
+            return await connect_tcp(self.host, self.port)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise ConnectionFailed(
+                f"error connecting to {self.host}:{self.port}: {exc}"
+            ) from exc
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UNIXConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Connects to a UNIX domain socket at the given path.
+
+    :param path: the file system path of the socket
+    """
+
+    path: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        try:
+            return await connect_unix(self.path)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise ConnectionFailed(f"error connecting to {self.path!r}: {exc}") from exc
+
+
+def as_connectable(
+    remote: ByteStreamConnectable
+    | tuple[str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address, int]
+    | str
+    | bytes
+    | PathLike[str],
+    /,
+    *,
+    tls: bool = False,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = None,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = True,
+) -> ByteStreamConnectable:
+    """
+    Return a byte stream connectable from the given object.
+
+    If a bytestream connectable is given, it is returned unchanged.
+    If a tuple of (host, port) is given, a TCP connectable is returned.
+    If a string or bytes path is given, a UNIX connectable is returned.
+
+    If ``tls=True``, the connectable will be wrapped in a
+    :class:`~.streams.tls.TLSConnectable`.
+
+    :param remote: a connectable, a tuple of (host, port) or a path to a UNIX socket
+    :param tls: if ``True``, wrap the plaintext connectable in a
+        :class:`~.streams.tls.TLSConnectable`, using the provided TLS settings)
+    :param ssl_context: if ``tls=True``, the SSLContext object to use  (if not provided,
+        a secure default will be created)
+    :param tls_hostname: if ``tls=True``, host name of the server to use for checking
+        the server certificate (defaults to the host portion of the address for TCP
+        connectables)
+    :param tls_standard_compatible: if ``False`` and ``tls=True``, makes the TLS stream
+        skip the closing handshake when closing the connection, so it won't raise an
+        exception if the server does the same
+
+    """
+    connectable: TCPConnectable | UNIXConnectable | TLSConnectable
+    if isinstance(remote, ByteStreamConnectable):
+        return remote
+    elif isinstance(remote, tuple) and len(remote) == 2:
+        connectable = TCPConnectable(*remote)
+    elif isinstance(remote, (str, bytes, PathLike)):
+        connectable = UNIXConnectable(remote)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f"cannot convert {remote!r} to a connectable")
+
+    if tls:
+        if not tls_hostname and isinstance(connectable, TCPConnectable):
+            tls_hostname = str(connectable.host)
+
+        connectable = TLSConnectable(
+            connectable,
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            hostname=tls_hostname,
+            standard_compatible=tls_standard_compatible,
+        )
+
+    return connectable
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b9c7df200f9520357503c754bcdea1c047bdda3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from typing import TypeVar
+from warnings import warn
+
+from ..streams.memory import (
+    MemoryObjectReceiveStream,
+    MemoryObjectSendStream,
+    _MemoryObjectStreamState,
+)
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+
+
+class create_memory_object_stream(
+    tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]],
+):
+    """
+    Create a memory object stream.
+
+    The stream's item type can be annotated like
+    :func:`create_memory_object_stream[T_Item]`.
+
+    :param max_buffer_size: number of items held in the buffer until ``send()`` starts
+        blocking
+    :param item_type: old way of marking the streams with the right generic type for
+        static typing (does nothing on AnyIO 4)
+
+        .. deprecated:: 4.0
+          Use ``create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...)`` instead.
+    :return: a tuple of (send stream, receive stream)
+
+    """
+
+    def __new__(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        cls, max_buffer_size: float = 0, item_type: object = None
+    ) -> tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]]:
+        if max_buffer_size != math.inf and not isinstance(max_buffer_size, int):
+            raise ValueError("max_buffer_size must be either an integer or math.inf")
+        if max_buffer_size < 0:
+            raise ValueError("max_buffer_size cannot be negative")
+        if item_type is not None:
+            warn(
+                "The item_type argument has been deprecated in AnyIO 4.0. "
+                "Use create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...) instead.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        state = _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_Item](max_buffer_size)
+        return (MemoryObjectSendStream(state), MemoryObjectReceiveStream(state))
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9796f8bb99403616fcb0b764a0f8283792599e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
+from io import BytesIO
+from os import PathLike
+from subprocess import PIPE, CalledProcessError, CompletedProcess
+from typing import IO, Any, TypeAlias, cast
+
+from ..abc import Process
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._tasks import create_task_group
+
+StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+
+async def run_process(
+    command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+    *,
+    input: bytes | None = None,
+    stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = None,
+    stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    check: bool = True,
+    cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    startupinfo: Any = None,
+    creationflags: int = 0,
+    start_new_session: bool = False,
+    pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (),
+    user: str | int | None = None,
+    group: str | int | None = None,
+    extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None,
+    umask: int = -1,
+) -> CompletedProcess[bytes]:
+    """
+    Run an external command in a subprocess and wait until it completes.
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`subprocess.run`
+
+    :param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings
+        containing the executable name or path and its arguments
+    :param input: bytes passed to the standard input of the subprocess
+    :param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or `None`; ``input`` overrides this
+    :param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or `None`
+    :param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        :data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or `None`
+    :param check: if ``True``, raise :exc:`~subprocess.CalledProcessError` if the
+        process terminates with a return code other than 0
+    :param cwd: If not ``None``, change the working directory to this before running the
+        command
+    :param env: if not ``None``, this mapping replaces the inherited environment
+        variables from the parent process
+    :param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used
+        to specify process startup parameters (Windows only)
+    :param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the
+        subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics)
+    :param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the
+        child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
+    :param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and
+        child processes. (POSIX only)
+    :param user: effective user to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :param group: effective group to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (Python >= 3.9,
+        POSIX only)
+    :param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before
+        running the given command (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :return: an object representing the completed process
+    :raises ~subprocess.CalledProcessError: if ``check`` is ``True`` and the process
+        exits with a nonzero return code
+
+    """
+
+    async def drain_stream(stream: AsyncIterable[bytes], index: int) -> None:
+        buffer = BytesIO()
+        async for chunk in stream:
+            buffer.write(chunk)
+
+        stream_contents[index] = buffer.getvalue()
+
+    if stdin is not None and input is not None:
+        raise ValueError("only one of stdin and input is allowed")
+
+    async with await open_process(
+        command,
+        stdin=PIPE if input else stdin,
+        stdout=stdout,
+        stderr=stderr,
+        cwd=cwd,
+        env=env,
+        startupinfo=startupinfo,
+        creationflags=creationflags,
+        start_new_session=start_new_session,
+        pass_fds=pass_fds,
+        user=user,
+        group=group,
+        extra_groups=extra_groups,
+        umask=umask,
+    ) as process:
+        stream_contents: list[bytes | None] = [None, None]
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            if process.stdout:
+                tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stdout, 0)
+
+            if process.stderr:
+                tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stderr, 1)
+
+            if process.stdin and input:
+                await process.stdin.send(input)
+                await process.stdin.aclose()
+
+            await process.wait()
+
+    output, errors = stream_contents
+    if check and process.returncode != 0:
+        raise CalledProcessError(cast(int, process.returncode), command, output, errors)
+
+    return CompletedProcess(command, cast(int, process.returncode), output, errors)
+
+
+async def open_process(
+    command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+    *,
+    stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    startupinfo: Any = None,
+    creationflags: int = 0,
+    start_new_session: bool = False,
+    pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (),
+    user: str | int | None = None,
+    group: str | int | None = None,
+    extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None,
+    umask: int = -1,
+) -> Process:
+    """
+    Start an external command in a subprocess.
+
+    .. seealso:: :class:`subprocess.Popen`
+
+    :param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings
+        containing the executable name or path and its arguments
+    :param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`, a
+        file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        :data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param cwd: If not ``None``, the working directory is changed before executing
+    :param env: If env is not ``None``, it must be a mapping that defines the
+        environment variables for the new process
+    :param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the
+        subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics)
+    :param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used
+        to specify process startup parameters (Windows only)
+    :param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the
+        child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
+    :param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and
+        child processes. (POSIX only)
+    :param user: effective user to run the process as (POSIX only)
+    :param group: effective group to run the process as (POSIX only)
+    :param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (POSIX only)
+    :param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before
+        running the given command (POSIX only)
+    :return: an asynchronous process object
+
+    """
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if user is not None:
+        kwargs["user"] = user
+
+    if group is not None:
+        kwargs["group"] = group
+
+    if extra_groups is not None:
+        kwargs["extra_groups"] = group
+
+    if umask >= 0:
+        kwargs["umask"] = umask
+
+    return await get_async_backend().open_process(
+        command,
+        stdin=stdin,
+        stdout=stdout,
+        stderr=stderr,
+        cwd=cwd,
+        env=env,
+        startupinfo=startupinfo,
+        creationflags=creationflags,
+        start_new_session=start_new_session,
+        pass_fds=pass_fds,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9098bee8e209765836c7459272275f7a9ab77a56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint_if_cancelled
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._exceptions import BusyResourceError, NoEventLoopError
+from ._tasks import CancelScope
+from ._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class EventStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Event.wait`
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int borrowed_tokens: number of tokens currently borrowed by tasks
+    :ivar float total_tokens: total number of available tokens
+    :ivar tuple borrowers: tasks or other objects currently holding tokens borrowed from
+        this limiter
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on
+        :meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire` or
+        :meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire_on_behalf_of`
+    """
+
+    borrowed_tokens: int
+    total_tokens: float
+    borrowers: tuple[object, ...]
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class LockStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar bool locked: flag indicating if this lock is locked or not
+    :ivar ~anyio.TaskInfo owner: task currently holding the lock (or ``None`` if the
+        lock is not held by any task)
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Lock.acquire`
+    """
+
+    locked: bool
+    owner: TaskInfo | None
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ConditionStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`~.Condition.wait`
+    :ivar ~anyio.LockStatistics lock_statistics: statistics of the underlying
+        :class:`~.Lock`
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+    lock_statistics: LockStatistics
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SemaphoreStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Semaphore.acquire`
+
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+class Event:
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_event()
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return EventAdapter()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        """Set the flag, notifying all listeners."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        """Return ``True`` if the flag is set, ``False`` if not."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the flag has been set.
+
+        If the flag has already been set when this method is called, it returns
+        immediately.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        """Return statistics about the current state of this event."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class EventAdapter(Event):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_event", "_is_set"
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> EventAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._internal_event: Event | None = None
+        self._is_set = False
+
+    @property
+    def _event(self) -> Event:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            self._internal_event = get_async_backend().create_event()
+            if self._is_set:
+                self._internal_event.set()
+
+        return self._internal_event
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            self._is_set = True
+        else:
+            self._event.set()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            return self._is_set
+
+        return self._internal_event.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        await self._event.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=0)
+
+        return self._internal_event.statistics()
+
+
+class Lock:
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return LockAdapter(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the lock."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the lock."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is currently held."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this lock.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class LockAdapter(Lock):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_lock", "_fast_acquire"
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> LockAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False):
+        self._internal_lock: Lock | None = None
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+
+    @property
+    def _lock(self) -> Lock:
+        if self._internal_lock is None:
+            self._internal_lock = get_async_backend().create_lock(
+                fast_acquire=self._fast_acquire
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_lock
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._internal_lock is not None:
+            self._internal_lock.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the lock."""
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        self._lock.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the lock."""
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is currently held."""
+        return self._lock.locked()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this lock.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+        if self._internal_lock is None:
+            return LockStatistics(False, None, 0)
+
+        return self._internal_lock.statistics()
+
+
+class Condition:
+    __slots__ = "__weakref__", "_owner_task", "_lock", "_waiters"
+
+    def __init__(self, lock: Lock | None = None):
+        self._owner_task: TaskInfo | None = None
+        self._lock = lock or Lock()
+        self._waiters: deque[Event] = deque()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    def _check_acquired(self) -> None:
+        if self._owner_task != get_current_task():
+            raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding the underlying lock")
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the underlying lock."""
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+        self._owner_task = get_current_task()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        self._lock.acquire_nowait()
+        self._owner_task = get_current_task()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the underlying lock."""
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is set."""
+        return self._lock.locked()
+
+    def notify(self, n: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Notify exactly n listeners."""
+        self._check_acquired()
+        for _ in range(n):
+            try:
+                event = self._waiters.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                break
+
+            event.set()
+
+    def notify_all(self) -> None:
+        """Notify all the listeners."""
+        self._check_acquired()
+        for event in self._waiters:
+            event.set()
+
+        self._waiters.clear()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        """Wait for a notification."""
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        self._check_acquired()
+        event = Event()
+        self._waiters.append(event)
+        self.release()
+        try:
+            await event.wait()
+        except BaseException:
+            if not event.is_set():
+                self._waiters.remove(event)
+            elif self._waiters:
+                # This task was notified by could not act on it, so pass
+                # it on to the next task
+                self._waiters.popleft().set()
+
+            raise
+        finally:
+            with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                await self.acquire()
+
+    async def wait_for(self, predicate: Callable[[], T]) -> T:
+        """
+        Wait until a predicate becomes true.
+
+        :param predicate: a callable that returns a truthy value when the condition is
+            met
+        :return: the result of the predicate
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.11.0
+
+        """
+        while not (result := predicate()):
+            await self.wait()
+
+        return result
+
+    def statistics(self) -> ConditionStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this condition.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return ConditionStatistics(len(self._waiters), self._lock.statistics())
+
+
+class Semaphore:
+    __slots__ = "__weakref__", "_fast_acquire"
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_semaphore(
+                initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire
+            )
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return SemaphoreAdapter(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ):
+        if not isinstance(initial_value, int):
+            raise TypeError("initial_value must be an integer")
+        if initial_value < 0:
+            raise ValueError("initial_value must be >= 0")
+        if max_value is not None:
+            if not isinstance(max_value, int):
+                raise TypeError("max_value must be an integer or None")
+            if max_value < initial_value:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "max_value must be equal to or higher than initial_value"
+                )
+
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Semaphore:
+        await self.acquire()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Decrement the semaphore value, blocking if necessary."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Increment the semaphore value."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        """The current value of the semaphore."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        """The maximum value of the semaphore."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this semaphore.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class SemaphoreAdapter(Semaphore):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_semaphore", "_initial_value", "_max_value"
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> SemaphoreAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        self._internal_semaphore: Semaphore | None = None
+        self._initial_value = initial_value
+        self._max_value = max_value
+
+    @property
+    def _semaphore(self) -> Semaphore:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            self._internal_semaphore = get_async_backend().create_semaphore(
+                self._initial_value, max_value=self._max_value
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_semaphore
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._semaphore.acquire()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.release()
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            return self._initial_value
+
+        return self._semaphore.value
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._max_value
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            return SemaphoreStatistics(tasks_waiting=0)
+
+        return self._semaphore.statistics()
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter:
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter(total_tokens)
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return CapacityLimiterAdapter(total_tokens)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        """
+        The total number of tokens available for borrowing.
+
+        This is a read-write property. If the total number of tokens is increased, the
+        proportionate number of tasks waiting on this limiter will be granted their
+        tokens.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The property is now writable.
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.12
+            The value can now be set to 0.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        """The number of tokens that have currently been borrowed."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        """The number of tokens currently available to be borrowed"""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token for the current task without waiting for one to become
+        available.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token without waiting for one to become available.
+
+        :param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token for the current task, waiting if necessary for one to become
+        available.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token, waiting if necessary for one to become available.
+
+        :param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the token held by the current task.
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the current task has not borrowed a token from this
+            limiter.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the token held by the given borrower.
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the borrower has not borrowed a token from this
+            limiter.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this limiter.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class CapacityLimiterAdapter(CapacityLimiter):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_limiter", "_total_tokens"
+
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiterAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, total_tokens: float) -> None:
+        self._internal_limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+        self.total_tokens = total_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def _limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            self._internal_limiter = get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter(
+                self._total_tokens
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_limiter
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.__aenter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        return await self._limiter.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return self._total_tokens
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, int) and value is not math.inf:
+            raise TypeError("total_tokens must be an int or math.inf")
+        elif value < 0:
+            raise ValueError("total_tokens must be >= 0")
+
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            self._total_tokens = value
+            return
+
+        self._limiter.total_tokens = value
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return 0
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.borrowed_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return self._total_tokens
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.available_tokens
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self._limiter.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.acquire()
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._limiter.release()
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self._limiter.release_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+                borrowed_tokens=0,
+                total_tokens=self.total_tokens,
+                borrowers=(),
+                tasks_waiting=0,
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.statistics()
+
+
+class ResourceGuard:
+    """
+    A context manager for ensuring that a resource is only used by a single task at a
+    time.
+
+    Entering this context manager while the previous has not exited it yet will trigger
+    :exc:`BusyResourceError`.
+
+    :param action: the action to guard against (visible in the :exc:`BusyResourceError`
+        when triggered, e.g. "Another task is already {action} this resource")
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.1
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "__weakref__", "action", "_guarded"
+
+    def __init__(self, action: str = "using"):
+        self.action: str = action
+        self._guarded = False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        if self._guarded:
+            raise BusyResourceError(self.action)
+
+        self._guarded = True
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._guarded = False
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..108393e8cb56dfd705233cdcd78c509225283797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    Coroutine,
+    Generator,
+)
+from contextlib import (
+    contextmanager,
+)
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from inspect import iscoroutine
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Generic, final
+
+from ..abc import TaskGroup, TaskStatus
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend, get_cancelled_exc_class
+from ._exceptions import TaskCancelled, TaskFailed, TaskNotFinished
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVar
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Never, TypeVarTuple
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import Never, TypeVarTuple
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_startval = TypeVar("T_startval", covariant=True, default=Never)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+_current_task_handle: ContextVar[TaskHandle] = ContextVar("_current_task_handle")
+
+
+class _IgnoredTaskStatus(TaskStatus[object]):
+    def started(self, value: object = None) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+TASK_STATUS_IGNORED = _IgnoredTaskStatus()
+
+
+class CancelScope:
+    """
+    Wraps a unit of work that can be made separately cancellable.
+
+    :param deadline: The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(shield=shield, deadline=deadline)
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Cancel this scope immediately.
+
+        :param reason: a message describing the reason for the cancellation
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        """
+        The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically.
+
+        Will be ``float('inf')`` if no timeout has been set.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        """``True`` if :meth:`cancel` has been called."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        ``True`` if this scope suppressed a cancellation exception it itself raised.
+
+        This is typically used to check if any work was interrupted, or to see if the
+        scope was cancelled due to its deadline being reached. The value will, however,
+        only be ``True`` if the cancellation was triggered by the scope itself (and not
+        an outer scope).
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        ``True`` if this scope is shielded from external cancellation.
+
+        While a scope is shielded, it will not receive cancellations from outside.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def fail_after(
+    delay: float | None, shield: bool = False
+) -> Generator[CancelScope, None, None]:
+    """
+    Create a context manager which raises a :class:`TimeoutError` if does not finish in
+    time.
+
+    :param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before raising the exception, or
+        ``None`` to disable the timeout
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :return: a context manager that yields a cancel scope
+    :rtype: :class:`~typing.ContextManager`\\[:class:`~anyio.CancelScope`\\]
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    current_time = get_async_backend().current_time
+    deadline = (current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
+    with get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(
+        deadline=deadline, shield=shield
+    ) as cancel_scope:
+        yield cancel_scope
+
+    if cancel_scope.cancelled_caught and current_time() >= cancel_scope.deadline:
+        raise TimeoutError
+
+
+def move_on_after(delay: float | None, shield: bool = False) -> CancelScope:
+    """
+    Create a cancel scope with a deadline that expires after the given delay.
+
+    :param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before exiting the context block, or
+        ``None`` to disable the timeout
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :return: a cancel scope
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    deadline = (
+        (get_async_backend().current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
+    )
+    return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+
+def current_effective_deadline() -> float:
+    """
+    Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the current
+    task.
+
+    :return: a clock value from the event loop's internal clock (or ``float('inf')`` if
+        there is no deadline in effect, or ``float('-inf')`` if the current scope has
+        been cancelled)
+    :rtype: float
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().current_effective_deadline()
+
+
+def create_task_group() -> TaskGroup:
+    """
+    Create a task group.
+
+    :return: a task group
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().create_task_group()
+
+
+@final
+class TaskHandle(Generic[T_co, T_startval]):
+    """
+    Returned from the task-spawning methods of :class:`TaskGroup`. Can be awaited on to
+    get the return value of the task (or the raised exception). If the task was
+    terminated by a :exc:`BaseException`, :exc:`TaskFailed` will be raised (or its
+    subclass :exc:`TaskCancelled` if the task was cancelled).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.14.0
+    """
+
+    class Status(Enum):
+        """
+        The status of a task handle.
+
+        .. attribute:: PENDING
+
+            The task has not finished yet.
+        .. attribute:: FINISHED
+
+            The task has finished with a return value.
+        .. attribute:: CANCELLING
+
+            The task has been cancelled but has not finished yet.
+        .. attribute:: CANCELLED
+
+            The task was cancelled and has finished since.
+        .. attribute:: FAILED
+
+            The task raised an exception.
+        """
+
+        PENDING = auto()
+        FINISHED = auto()
+        CANCELLING = auto()
+        CANCELLED = auto()
+        FAILED = auto()
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "__weakref__",
+        "_coro",
+        "_name",
+        "_cancel_scope",
+        "_finished_event",
+        "_return_value",
+        "_start_value",
+        "_exception",
+    )
+
+    _return_value: T_co
+    _start_value: T_startval
+
+    def __init__(self, coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co], name: object) -> None:
+        from ._synchronization import Event
+
+        self._coro = coro
+        self._cancel_scope = CancelScope()
+        self._finished_event = Event()
+        self._exception: BaseException | None = None
+
+        if name is not None:
+            self._name = str(name)
+        elif iscoroutine(coro):
+            self._name = coro.__qualname__
+        else:
+            self._name = str(coro)  # coroutine-like object (e.g. asend() objects)
+
+    async def _run_coro(self) -> None:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
+        with self._cancel_scope:
+            try:
+                retval = await self._coro
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._exception = exc
+                raise
+            else:
+                self._return_value = retval
+            finally:
+                self._finished_event.set()
+                del self  # Break the reference cycle
+
+    def cancel(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the task to a cancelled state.
+
+        This will interrupt any interruptible asynchronous operation, and will cause
+        any further awaits on this task to get immediately cancelled, unless done in
+        a shielded cancel scope.
+
+        If the task has already finished, this method has no effect.
+        """
+        if not self._finished_event.is_set():
+            self._cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+    @property
+    def coro(self) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]:
+        """
+        The coroutine object that was passed to one of the task-spawning methods in
+        :class:`TaskGroup`.
+        """
+        return self._coro
+
+    @property
+    def status(self) -> TaskHandle.Status:
+        """
+        The current status of the task.
+
+        Every task starts in the :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.PENDING` state.
+        If a task is cancelled while in this state, it will transition to the
+        :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING` state. When the task finishes, it will
+        transition to one of the three final states (
+        :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED`, :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.FAILED`, or
+        :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING`) depending on the exception the task
+        raised, if any. No other status transitions will happen.
+        """
+        if not self._finished_event.is_set():
+            if self._cancel_scope.cancel_called:
+                return TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING
+            else:
+                return TaskHandle.Status.PENDING
+        elif self._exception is not None:
+            if isinstance(self._exception, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+                return TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED
+            else:
+                return TaskHandle.Status.FAILED
+        else:
+            return TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the task."""
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def exception(self) -> BaseException | None:
+        """
+        The exception raised by the task, or ``None`` if it finished without raising.
+
+        :raises TaskNotFinished: if the task has not finished yet
+        :raises TaskCancelled: if the task was cancelled
+
+        """
+        match self.status:
+            case TaskHandle.Status.PENDING:
+                raise TaskNotFinished("the task has not finished yet")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED:
+                return None
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled") from self._exception
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FAILED:
+                return self._exception
+
+    @property
+    def return_value(self) -> T_co:
+        """
+        The return value of the task.
+
+        :raises TaskNotFinished: if the task has not finished yet
+        :raises TaskCancelled: if the task was cancelled
+        :raises TaskFailed: if the task raised an exception
+
+        """
+        match self.status:
+            case TaskHandle.Status.PENDING:
+                raise TaskNotFinished("the task has not finished yet")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED:
+                return self._return_value
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled") from self._exception
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FAILED:
+                raise TaskFailed("the task raised an exception") from self._exception
+
+    @property
+    def start_value(self) -> T_startval:
+        """
+        The value passed to :meth:`task_status.started() <.abc.TaskStatus.started>`,
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the task was not started with :meth:`TaskGroup.start()
+            <.abc.TaskGroup.start>`
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._start_value
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "the task was not started with TaskGroup.start()"
+            ) from None
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait for the task to finish.
+
+        This method will return as soon as the task has finished, no matter how it
+        happened.
+        """
+        await self._finished_event.wait()
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, Any, T_co]:
+        yield from self._finished_event.wait().__await__()
+        return self.return_value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.status.name.lower()} "
+            f"name={self._name!r} coro={self._coro!r}>"
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75a09f793744b8e60375ce2efab98307d077bc21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AnyStr,
+    Generic,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from .. import to_thread
+from .._core._fileio import AsyncFile
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint_if_cancelled
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import OpenBinaryMode, OpenTextMode, ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
+
+
+class TemporaryFile(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous temporary file that is automatically created and cleaned up.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager interface to a temporary file.
+    The file is created using Python's standard `tempfile.TemporaryFile` function in a
+    background thread, and is wrapped as an asynchronous file using `AsyncFile`.
+
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file. Only applicable in
+        text mode.
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (only applicable in text
+        mode).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    """
+
+    _async_file: AsyncFile[AnyStr]
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: TemporaryFile[bytes],
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: TemporaryFile[str],
+        mode: OpenTextMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenTextMode | OpenBinaryMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.buffering = buffering
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.newline = newline
+        self.suffix: str | None = suffix
+        self.prefix: str | None = prefix
+        self.dir: str | None = dir
+        self.errors = errors
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryFile(
+                self.mode,
+                self.buffering,
+                self.encoding,
+                self.newline,
+                self.suffix,
+                self.prefix,
+                self.dir,
+                errors=self.errors,
+            )
+        )
+        self._async_file = AsyncFile(fp)
+        return self._async_file
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self._async_file.aclose()
+
+
+class NamedTemporaryFile(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous named temporary file that is automatically created and cleaned up.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager for a temporary file with a
+    visible name in the file system. It uses Python's standard
+    :func:`~tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile` function and wraps the file object with
+    :class:`AsyncFile` for asynchronous operations.
+
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file. Only applicable in
+        text mode.
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (only applicable in text
+        mode).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param delete: Whether to delete the file when it is closed.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    :param delete_on_close: (Python 3.12+) Whether to delete the file on close.
+    """
+
+    _async_file: AsyncFile[AnyStr]
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: NamedTemporaryFile[bytes],
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        delete: bool = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        delete_on_close: bool = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: NamedTemporaryFile[str],
+        mode: OpenTextMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        delete: bool = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        delete_on_close: bool = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode | OpenTextMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        delete: bool = True,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        delete_on_close: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "mode": mode,
+            "buffering": buffering,
+            "encoding": encoding,
+            "newline": newline,
+            "suffix": suffix,
+            "prefix": prefix,
+            "dir": dir,
+            "delete": delete,
+            "errors": errors,
+        }
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+            self._params["delete_on_close"] = delete_on_close
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(**self._params)
+        )
+        self._async_file = AsyncFile(fp)
+        return self._async_file
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self._async_file.aclose()
+
+
+class SpooledTemporaryFile(AsyncFile[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous spooled temporary file that starts in memory and is spooled to disk.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous interface to a spooled temporary file, much like
+    Python's standard :class:`~tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile`. It supports asynchronous
+    write operations and provides a method to force a rollover to disk.
+
+    :param max_size: Maximum size in bytes before the file is rolled over to disk.
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file (text mode only).
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (text mode only).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    """
+
+    _rolled: bool = False
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes],
+        max_size: int = ...,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str],
+        max_size: int = ...,
+        mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        max_size: int = 0,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode | OpenTextMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._tempfile_params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "mode": mode,
+            "buffering": buffering,
+            "encoding": encoding,
+            "newline": newline,
+            "suffix": suffix,
+            "prefix": prefix,
+            "dir": dir,
+            "errors": errors,
+        }
+        self._max_size = max_size
+        if "b" in mode:
+            super().__init__(BytesIO())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        else:
+            super().__init__(
+                TextIOWrapper(  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                    BytesIO(),
+                    encoding=encoding,
+                    errors=errors,
+                    newline=newline,
+                    write_through=True,
+                )
+            )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            self._fp.close()
+            return
+
+        await super().aclose()
+
+    async def _check(self) -> None:
+        if self._rolled or self._fp.tell() <= self._max_size:
+            return
+
+        await self.rollover()
+
+    async def rollover(self) -> None:
+        if self._rolled:
+            return
+
+        self._rolled = True
+        buffer = self._fp
+        buffer.seek(0)
+        self._fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryFile(**self._tempfile_params)
+        )
+        await self.write(buffer.read())
+        buffer.close()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._fp.closed
+
+    async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> AnyStr:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.read(size)
+
+        return await super().read(size)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def read1(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.read1(size)
+
+        return await super().read1(size)
+
+    async def readline(self) -> AnyStr:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.readline()
+
+        return await super().readline()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.readlines()
+
+        return await super().readlines()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def readinto(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._fp.readinto(b)
+
+        return await super().readinto(b)
+
+    async def readinto1(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._fp.readinto(b)
+
+        return await super().readinto1(b)
+
+    async def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int | None = os.SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.seek(offset, whence)
+
+        return await super().seek(offset, whence)
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.tell()
+
+        return await super().tell()
+
+    async def truncate(self, size: int | None = None) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.truncate(size)
+
+        return await super().truncate(size)
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: ReadableBuffer) -> int: ...
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str], b: str) -> int: ...
+
+    async def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer | str) -> int:
+        """
+        Asynchronously write data to the spooled temporary file.
+
+        If the file has not yet been rolled over, the data is written synchronously,
+        and a rollover is triggered if the size exceeds the maximum size.
+
+        :param s: The data to write.
+        :return: The number of bytes written.
+        :raises RuntimeError: If the underlying file is not initialized.
+
+        """
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            result = self._fp.write(b)
+            await self._check()
+            return result
+
+        return await super().write(b)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer]
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str], lines: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    async def writelines(self, lines: Iterable[str] | Iterable[ReadableBuffer]) -> None:
+        """
+        Asynchronously write a list of lines to the spooled temporary file.
+
+        If the file has not yet been rolled over, the lines are written synchronously,
+        and a rollover is triggered if the size exceeds the maximum size.
+
+        :param lines: An iterable of lines to write.
+        :raises RuntimeError: If the underlying file is not initialized.
+
+        """
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            result = self._fp.writelines(lines)
+            await self._check()
+            return result
+
+        return await super().writelines(lines)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+class TemporaryDirectory(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous temporary directory that is created and cleaned up automatically.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager for creating a temporary
+    directory. It wraps Python's standard :class:`~tempfile.TemporaryDirectory` to
+    perform directory creation and cleanup operations in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the temporary directory name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the temporary directory name.
+    :param dir: The parent directory where the temporary directory is created.
+    :param ignore_cleanup_errors: Whether to ignore errors during cleanup
+    :param delete: Whether to delete the directory upon closing (Python 3.12+).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+        prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+        dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+        *,
+        ignore_cleanup_errors: bool = False,
+        delete: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.suffix: AnyStr | None = suffix
+        self.prefix: AnyStr | None = prefix
+        self.dir: AnyStr | None = dir
+        self.ignore_cleanup_errors = ignore_cleanup_errors
+        self.delete = delete
+
+        self._tempdir: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> str:
+        params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "suffix": self.suffix,
+            "prefix": self.prefix,
+            "dir": self.dir,
+            "ignore_cleanup_errors": self.ignore_cleanup_errors,
+        }
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+            params["delete"] = self.delete
+
+        self._tempdir = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(**params)
+        )
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._tempdir.__enter__)
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._tempdir is not None:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._tempdir.__exit__, exc_type, exc_value, traceback
+            )
+
+    async def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        if self._tempdir is not None:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._tempdir.cleanup)
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: str | None = None,
+    prefix: str | None = None,
+    dir: str | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, str]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: bytes | None = None,
+    prefix: bytes | None = None,
+    dir: bytes | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, bytes]: ...
+
+
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, str | bytes]:
+    """
+    Asynchronously create a temporary file and return an OS-level handle and the file
+    name.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.mkstemp` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the file name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the file name.
+    :param dir: Directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param text: Whether the file is opened in text mode.
+    :return: A tuple containing the file descriptor and the file name.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.mkstemp, suffix, prefix, dir, text)
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: str | None = None,
+    prefix: str | None = None,
+    dir: str | None = None,
+) -> str: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: bytes | None = None,
+    prefix: bytes | None = None,
+    dir: bytes | None = None,
+) -> bytes: ...
+
+
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+) -> str | bytes:
+    """
+    Asynchronously create a temporary directory and return its path.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.mkdtemp` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the directory name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the directory name.
+    :param dir: Parent directory where the temporary directory is created.
+    :return: The path of the created temporary directory.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.mkdtemp, suffix, prefix, dir)
+
+
+async def gettempdir() -> str:
+    """
+    Asynchronously return the name of the directory used for temporary files.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.gettempdir` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :return: The path of the temporary directory as a string.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.gettempdir)
+
+
+async def gettempdirb() -> bytes:
+    """
+    Asynchronously return the name of the directory used for temporary files in bytes.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.gettempdirb` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :return: The path of the temporary directory as bytes.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.gettempdirb)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..369e65c068a426e99b7e8571209e80ce35b71f47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+
+
+class TaskInfo:
+    """
+    Represents an asynchronous task.
+
+    :ivar int id: the unique identifier of the task
+    :ivar parent_id: the identifier of the parent task, if any
+    :vartype parent_id: Optional[int]
+    :ivar str name: the description of the task (if any)
+    :ivar ~collections.abc.Coroutine coro: the coroutine object of the task
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_name", "id", "parent_id", "name", "coro"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        id: int,
+        parent_id: int | None,
+        name: str | None,
+        coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any],
+    ):
+        func = get_current_task
+        self._name = f"{func.__module__}.{func.__qualname__}"
+        self.id: int = id
+        self.parent_id: int | None = parent_id
+        self.name: str | None = name
+        self.coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any] = coro
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, TaskInfo):
+            return self.id == other.id
+
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.id)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(id={self.id!r}, name={self.name!r})"
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return ``True`` if the task has a cancellation pending, ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        """
+        return False
+
+
+def get_current_task() -> TaskInfo:
+    """
+    Return the current task.
+
+    :return: a representation of the current task
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().get_current_task()
+
+
+def get_running_tasks() -> list[TaskInfo]:
+    """
+    Return a list of running tasks in the current event loop.
+
+    :return: a list of task info objects
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return cast("list[TaskInfo]", get_async_backend().get_running_tasks())
+
+
+async def wait_all_tasks_blocked() -> None:
+    """Wait until all other tasks are waiting for something."""
+    await get_async_backend().wait_all_tasks_blocked()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f358a448cb12739fd4eda4f4859d3a24ddd1de63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, final, overload
+
+from ._exceptions import TypedAttributeLookupError
+
+T_Attr = TypeVar("T_Attr")
+T_Default = TypeVar("T_Default")
+undefined = object()
+
+
+def typed_attribute() -> Any:
+    """Return a unique object, used to mark typed attributes."""
+    return object()
+
+
+class TypedAttributeSet:
+    """
+    Superclass for typed attribute collections.
+
+    Checks that every public attribute of every subclass has a type annotation.
+    """
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+        annotations: dict[str, Any] = getattr(cls, "__annotations__", {})
+        for attrname in dir(cls):
+            if not attrname.startswith("_") and attrname not in annotations:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Attribute {attrname!r} is missing its type annotation"
+                )
+
+        super().__init_subclass__()
+
+
+class TypedAttributeProvider:
+    """Base class for classes that wish to provide typed extra attributes."""
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[T_Attr, Callable[[], T_Attr]]:
+        """
+        A mapping of the extra attributes to callables that return the corresponding
+        values.
+
+        If the provider wraps another provider, the attributes from that wrapper should
+        also be included in the returned mapping (but the wrapper may override the
+        callables from the wrapped instance).
+
+        """
+        return {}
+
+    @overload
+    def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr) -> T_Attr: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr, default: T_Default) -> T_Attr | T_Default: ...
+
+    @final
+    def extra(self, attribute: Any, default: object = undefined) -> object:
+        """
+        extra(attribute, default=undefined)
+
+        Return the value of the given typed extra attribute.
+
+        :param attribute: the attribute (member of a :class:`~TypedAttributeSet`) to
+            look for
+        :param default: the value that should be returned if no value is found for the
+            attribute
+        :raises ~anyio.TypedAttributeLookupError: if the search failed and no default
+            value was given
+
+        """
+        try:
+            getter = self.extra_attributes[attribute]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is undefined:
+                raise TypedAttributeLookupError("Attribute not found") from None
+            else:
+                return default
+
+        return getter()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d560ce3f1fa45a7ee4a3bc8958aa59702caa9d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._eventloop import AsyncBackend as AsyncBackend
+from ._resources import AsyncResource as AsyncResource
+from ._sockets import ConnectedUDPSocket as ConnectedUDPSocket
+from ._sockets import ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket as ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket
+from ._sockets import IPAddressType as IPAddressType
+from ._sockets import IPSockAddrType as IPSockAddrType
+from ._sockets import SocketAttribute as SocketAttribute
+from ._sockets import SocketListener as SocketListener
+from ._sockets import SocketStream as SocketStream
+from ._sockets import UDPPacketType as UDPPacketType
+from ._sockets import UDPSocket as UDPSocket
+from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramPacketType as UNIXDatagramPacketType
+from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramSocket as UNIXDatagramSocket
+from ._sockets import UNIXSocketStream as UNIXSocketStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteReceiveStream as AnyByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteSendStream as AnyByteSendStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteStream as AnyByteStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteStreamConnectable as AnyByteStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream as AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteSendStream as AnyUnreliableByteSendStream
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteStream as AnyUnreliableByteStream
+from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream as ByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import ByteSendStream as ByteSendStream
+from ._streams import ByteStream as ByteStream
+from ._streams import ByteStreamConnectable as ByteStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import Listener as Listener
+from ._streams import ObjectReceiveStream as ObjectReceiveStream
+from ._streams import ObjectSendStream as ObjectSendStream
+from ._streams import ObjectStream as ObjectStream
+from ._streams import ObjectStreamConnectable as ObjectStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectReceiveStream as UnreliableObjectReceiveStream
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectSendStream as UnreliableObjectSendStream
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectStream as UnreliableObjectStream
+from ._subprocesses import Process as Process
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup as TaskGroup
+from ._tasks import TaskStatus as TaskStatus
+from ._testing import TestRunner as TestRunner
+
+# Re-exported here, for backwards compatibility
+# isort: off
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as CapacityLimiter,
+    Condition as Condition,
+    Event as Event,
+    Lock as Lock,
+    Semaphore as Semaphore,
+)
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as CancelScope
+from ..from_thread import BlockingPortal as BlockingPortal
+
+# Re-export imports so they look like they live directly in this package
+for __value in list(locals().values()):
+    if getattr(__value, "__module__", "").startswith("anyio.abc."):
+        __value.__module__ = __name__
+
+del __value
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cad3fa76370ff573469c1c52fd82d2eff0bc83eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import sys
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Callable, Coroutine, Sequence
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from os import PathLike
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind, socket
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    TypeAlias,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+    from .._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter, Event, Lock, Semaphore
+    from .._core._tasks import CancelScope
+    from .._core._testing import TaskInfo
+    from ._sockets import (
+        ConnectedUDPSocket,
+        ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket,
+        IPSockAddrType,
+        SocketListener,
+        SocketStream,
+        UDPSocket,
+        UNIXDatagramSocket,
+        UNIXSocketStream,
+    )
+    from ._subprocesses import Process
+    from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+    from ._testing import TestRunner
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+
+class AsyncBackend(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        """
+        Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop.
+
+        The current thread must not be already running an event loop.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function
+        :param args: positional arguments to ``func``
+        :param kwargs: positional arguments to ``func``
+        :param options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()`` implementation
+            with
+        :return: the return value of the coroutine function
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        """
+        Return an object that allows other threads to run code inside the event loop.
+
+        :return: a token object, specific to the event loop running in the current
+            thread
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        """
+        Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock.
+
+        :return: the clock value (seconds)
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        """Return the exception class that is raised in a task if it's cancelled."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Check if the task has been cancelled, and allow rescheduling of other tasks.
+
+        This is effectively the same as running :meth:`checkpoint_if_cancelled` and then
+        :meth:`cancel_shielded_checkpoint`.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Check if the current task group has been cancelled.
+
+        This will check if the task has been cancelled, but will not allow other tasks
+        to be scheduled if not.
+
+        """
+        if cls.current_effective_deadline() == -math.inf:
+            await cls.checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Allow the rescheduling of other tasks.
+
+        This will give other tasks the opportunity to run, but without checking if the
+        current task group has been cancelled, unlike with :meth:`checkpoint`.
+
+        """
+        with cls.create_cancel_scope(shield=True):
+            await cls.sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        """
+        Pause the current task for the specified duration.
+
+        :param delay: the duration, in seconds
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        """
+        Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the
+        current task.
+
+        :return:
+            - a clock value from the event loop's internal clock
+            - ``inf`` if there is no deadline in effect
+            - ``-inf`` if the current scope has been cancelled
+        :rtype: float
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> TaskGroup:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> Event:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> Lock:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_co:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[Process]) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> SocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: None
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket | ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10df115a7b9f975493476da763cc1e26dbd822e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class AsyncResource(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Abstract base class for all closeable asynchronous resources.
+
+    Works as an asynchronous context manager which returns the instance itself on enter,
+    and calls :meth:`aclose` on exit.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """Close the resource."""
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..feb26bd44a240acb20fd0f2498dff5631b8e2fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import socket
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable, Collection, Mapping
+from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
+from io import IOBase
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address
+from socket import AddressFamily
+from typing import Any, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from .._core._typedattr import (
+    TypedAttributeProvider,
+    TypedAttributeSet,
+    typed_attribute,
+)
+from ._streams import ByteStream, Listener, UnreliableObjectStream
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+
+IPAddressType: TypeAlias = str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address
+IPSockAddrType: TypeAlias = tuple[str, int]
+SockAddrType: TypeAlias = IPSockAddrType | str
+UDPPacketType: TypeAlias = tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]
+UNIXDatagramPacketType: TypeAlias = tuple[bytes, str]
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+
+
+def _validate_socket(
+    sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    sock_type: socket.SocketKind,
+    addr_family: socket.AddressFamily = socket.AF_UNSPEC,
+    *,
+    require_connected: bool = False,
+    require_bound: bool = False,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    if isinstance(sock_or_fd, int):
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(fileno=sock_or_fd)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            if exc.errno == errno.ENOTSOCK:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "the file descriptor does not refer to a socket"
+                ) from exc
+            elif require_connected:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be connected") from exc
+            elif require_bound:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be bound to a local address") from exc
+            else:
+                raise
+    elif isinstance(sock_or_fd, socket.socket):
+        sock = sock_or_fd
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"expected an int or socket, got {type(sock_or_fd).__qualname__} instead"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        if require_connected:
+            try:
+                sock.getpeername()
+            except OSError as exc:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be connected") from exc
+
+        if require_bound:
+            try:
+                if sock.family in (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6):
+                    bound_addr = sock.getsockname()[1]
+                else:
+                    bound_addr = sock.getsockname()
+            except OSError:
+                bound_addr = None
+
+            if not bound_addr:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be bound to a local address")
+
+        if addr_family != socket.AF_UNSPEC and sock.family != addr_family:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"address family mismatch: expected {addr_family.name}, got "
+                f"{sock.family.name}"
+            )
+
+        if sock.type != sock_type:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"socket type mismatch: expected {sock_type.name}, got {sock.type.name}"
+            )
+    except BaseException:
+        # Avoid ResourceWarning from the locally constructed socket object
+        if isinstance(sock_or_fd, int):
+            sock.detach()
+
+        raise
+
+    sock.setblocking(False)
+    return sock
+
+
+class SocketAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    """
+    .. attribute:: family
+        :type: socket.AddressFamily
+
+        the address family of the underlying socket
+
+    .. attribute:: local_address
+        :type: tuple[str, int] | str
+
+        the local address the underlying socket is connected to
+
+    .. attribute:: local_port
+        :type: int
+
+        for IP based sockets, the local port the underlying socket is bound to
+
+    .. attribute:: raw_socket
+        :type: socket.socket
+
+        the underlying stdlib socket object
+
+    .. attribute:: remote_address
+        :type: tuple[str, int] | str
+
+        the remote address the underlying socket is connected to
+
+    .. attribute:: remote_port
+        :type: int
+
+        for IP based sockets, the remote port the underlying socket is connected to
+    """
+
+    family: AddressFamily = typed_attribute()
+    local_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
+    local_port: int = typed_attribute()
+    raw_socket: socket.socket = typed_attribute()
+    remote_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
+    remote_port: int = typed_attribute()
+
+
+class _SocketProvider(TypedAttributeProvider):
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr as convert
+
+        attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = {
+            SocketAttribute.family: lambda: self._raw_socket.family,
+            SocketAttribute.local_address: lambda: convert(
+                self._raw_socket.getsockname()
+            ),
+            SocketAttribute.raw_socket: lambda: self._raw_socket,
+        }
+        try:
+            peername: tuple[str, int] | None = convert(self._raw_socket.getpeername())
+        except OSError:
+            peername = None
+
+        # Provide the remote address for connected sockets
+        if peername is not None:
+            attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_address] = lambda: peername
+
+        # Provide local and remote ports for IP based sockets
+        if self._raw_socket.family in (AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6):
+            attributes[SocketAttribute.local_port] = lambda: (
+                self._raw_socket.getsockname()[1]
+            )
+            if peername is not None:
+                remote_port = peername[1]
+                attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_port] = lambda: remote_port
+
+        return attributes
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        pass
+
+
+class SocketStream(ByteStream, _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Transports bytes over a socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> SocketStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a socket stream.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a socket stream
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, require_connected=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_stream_socket(sock)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream):
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UNIX socket stream.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UNIX socket stream
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.AF_UNIX, require_connected=True
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_unix_stream_socket(sock)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        """
+        Send file descriptors along with a message to the peer.
+
+        :param message: a non-empty bytestring
+        :param fds: a collection of files (either numeric file descriptors or open file
+            or socket objects)
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        """
+        Receive file descriptors along with a message from the peer.
+
+        :param msglen: length of the message to expect from the peer
+        :param maxfds: maximum number of file descriptors to expect from the peer
+        :return: a tuple of (message, file descriptors)
+        """
+
+
+class SocketListener(Listener[SocketStream], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Listens to incoming socket connections.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> SocketListener:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a socket listener.
+
+        The newly created listener takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a socket listener
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, require_bound=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_listener_socket(sock)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def accept(self) -> SocketStream:
+        """Accept an incoming connection."""
+
+    async def serve(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[SocketStream], Any],
+        task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        from .. import create_task_group
+
+        async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
+            if task_group is None:
+                task_group = await stack.enter_async_context(create_task_group())
+
+            while True:
+                stream = await self.accept()
+                task_group.start_soon(handler, stream)
+
+
+class UDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[UDPPacketType], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents an unconnected UDP socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> UDPSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UDP socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must be bound to a local address.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UDP socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, require_bound=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_udp_socket(sock)
+
+    async def sendto(self, data: bytes, host: str, port: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, (host, port))).
+
+        """
+        return await self.send((data, (host, port)))
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents an connected UDP socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a connected UDP socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a connected UDP socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd,
+            socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            require_connected=True,
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_connected_udp_socket(sock)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(
+    UnreliableObjectStream[UNIXDatagramPacketType], _SocketProvider
+):
+    """
+    Represents an unconnected Unix datagram socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UNIX datagram
+        socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UNIX datagram socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.AF_UNIX)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_unix_datagram_socket(sock)
+
+    async def sendto(self, data: bytes, path: str) -> None:
+        """Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, path))."""
+        return await self.send((data, path))
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents a connected Unix datagram socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a connected UNIX datagram
+        socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a connected UNIX datagram socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.AF_UNIX, require_connected=True
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(sock)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..186e3f503a9a71ce96ac2087cf8bfdedc490c534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .._core._exceptions import EndOfStream
+from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider
+from ._resources import AsyncResource
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectReceiveStream(
+    Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider
+):
+    """
+    An interface for receiving objects.
+
+    This interface makes no guarantees that the received messages arrive in the order in
+    which they were sent, or that no messages are missed.
+
+    Asynchronously iterating over objects of this type will yield objects matching the
+    given type parameter.
+    """
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T_co:
+        try:
+            return await self.receive()
+        except EndOfStream:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive(self) -> T_co:
+        """
+        Receive the next item.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the receive stream has been explicitly
+            closed
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
+            due to external causes
+        """
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectSendStream(
+    Generic[T_contra], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider
+):
+    """
+    An interface for sending objects.
+
+    This interface makes no guarantees that the messages sent will reach the
+    recipient(s) in the same order in which they were sent, or at all.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item to the peer(s).
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the send stream has been explicitly
+            closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
+            due to external causes
+        """
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectStream(
+    UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_Item], UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_Item]
+):
+    """
+    A bidirectional message stream which does not guarantee the order or reliability of
+    message delivery.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectReceiveStream(UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]):
+    """
+    A receive message stream which guarantees that messages are received in the same
+    order in which they were sent, and that no messages are missed.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectSendStream(UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_contra]):
+    """
+    A send message stream which guarantees that messages are delivered in the same order
+    in which they were sent, without missing any messages in the middle.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectStream(
+    ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item],
+    ObjectSendStream[T_Item],
+    UnreliableObjectStream[T_Item],
+):
+    """
+    A bidirectional message stream which guarantees the order and reliability of message
+    delivery.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
+
+        You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this
+        method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
+        """
+
+
+class ByteReceiveStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """
+    An interface for receiving bytes from a single peer.
+
+    Iterating this byte stream will yield a byte string of arbitrary length, but no more
+    than 65536 bytes.
+    """
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> ByteReceiveStream:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return await self.receive()
+        except EndOfStream:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Receive at most ``max_bytes`` bytes from the peer.
+
+        .. note:: Implementers of this interface should not return an empty
+            :class:`bytes` object, and users should ignore them.
+
+        :param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes to receive
+        :return: the received bytes
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
+        """
+
+
+class ByteSendStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """An interface for sending bytes to a single peer."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the given bytes to the peer.
+
+        :param item: the bytes to send
+        """
+
+
+class ByteStream(ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream):
+    """A bidirectional byte stream."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
+
+        You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this
+        method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
+        """
+
+
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented receive streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream: TypeAlias = (
+    UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[bytes] | ByteReceiveStream
+)
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented send streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteSendStream: TypeAlias = (
+    UnreliableObjectSendStream[bytes] | ByteSendStream
+)
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteStream: TypeAlias = UnreliableObjectStream[bytes] | ByteStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented receive streams.
+AnyByteReceiveStream: TypeAlias = ObjectReceiveStream[bytes] | ByteReceiveStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented send streams.
+AnyByteSendStream: TypeAlias = ObjectSendStream[bytes] | ByteSendStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented streams.
+AnyByteStream: TypeAlias = ObjectStream[bytes] | ByteStream
+
+
+class Listener(Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """An interface for objects that let you accept incoming connections."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def serve(
+        self, handler: Callable[[T_co], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Accept incoming connections as they come in and start tasks to handle them.
+
+        :param handler: a callable that will be used to handle each accepted connection
+        :param task_group: the task group that will be used to start tasks for handling
+            each accepted connection (if omitted, an ad-hoc task group will be created)
+        """
+
+
+class ObjectStreamConnectable(Generic[T_co], metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect(self) -> ObjectStream[T_co]:
+        """
+        Connect to the remote endpoint.
+
+        :return: an object stream connected to the remote end
+        :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+        """
+
+
+class ByteStreamConnectable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect(self) -> ByteStream:
+        """
+        Connect to the remote endpoint.
+
+        :return: a bytestream connected to the remote end
+        :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+        """
+
+
+#: Type alias for all connectables returning bytestreams or bytes-oriented object streams
+AnyByteStreamConnectable: TypeAlias = (
+    ObjectStreamConnectable[bytes] | ByteStreamConnectable
+)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce0564ceac8aac425675b5c8f7f7205d08061fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from signal import Signals
+
+from ._resources import AsyncResource
+from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream
+
+
+class Process(AsyncResource):
+    """An asynchronous version of :class:`subprocess.Popen`."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Wait until the process exits.
+
+        :return: the exit code of the process
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Terminates the process, gracefully if possible.
+
+        On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
+        On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGTERM`` to the process.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.terminate`
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Kills the process.
+
+        On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
+        On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGKILL`` to the process.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.kill`
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a signal to the subprocess.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.send_signal`
+
+        :param signal: the signal number (e.g. :data:`signal.SIGHUP`)
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        """The process ID of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        The return code of the process. If the process has not yet terminated, this will
+        be ``None``.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stdin(self) -> ByteSendStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard input of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stdout(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard output of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stderr(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard error output of the process."""
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..44ee3a70028b609e0c264b10ef5cee2127437fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable, Coroutine
+from contextvars import Context
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Protocol, final, overload
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVar
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .._core._tasks import CancelScope, TaskHandle
+
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True, default=None)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+
+def get_callable_name(func: Callable, override: object = None) -> str:
+    if override is not None:
+        return str(override)
+
+    module = getattr(func, "__module__", None)
+    qualname = getattr(func, "__qualname__", None)
+    return ".".join([x for x in (module, qualname) if x])
+
+
+def call_for_coroutine(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+    args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given positional and keyword arguments.
+
+    :return: the resulting coroutine
+    :raises TypeError: if the return value was not a coroutine object
+
+    """
+    coro = func(*args, **kwargs)
+    if not isinstance(coro, Coroutine):
+        prefix = f"{func.__module__}." if hasattr(func, "__module__") else ""
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"Expected {prefix}{func.__qualname__}() to return a coroutine, but "
+            f"the return value ({coro!r}) is not a coroutine object"
+        )
+
+    return coro
+
+
+class TaskStatus(Protocol[T_contra]):
+    @overload
+    def started(self: TaskStatus[None]) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def started(self, value: T_contra) -> None: ...
+
+    def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Signal that the task has started.
+
+        :param value: object passed back to the starter of the task
+        """
+
+
+class TaskGroup(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Groups several asynchronous tasks together.
+
+    :ivar cancel_scope: the cancel scope inherited by all child tasks
+    :vartype cancel_scope: CancelScope
+
+    .. note:: On asyncio, support for eager task factories is considered to be
+        **experimental**. In particular, they don't follow the usual semantics of new
+        tasks being scheduled on the next iteration of the event loop, and may thus
+        cause unexpected behavior in code that wasn't written with such semantics in
+        mind.
+    """
+
+    cancel_scope: CancelScope
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Cancel this task group's cancel scope immediately.
+
+        This is a shortcut for calling ``.cancel_scope.cancel()`` on the task group.
+
+        :param reason: a message describing the reason for the cancellation
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.14.0
+
+        """
+        self.cancel_scope.cancel(reason)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_task(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        *,
+        name: object = None,
+        context: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        """
+        Create a new task from a coroutine object and schedule it to run.
+
+        :param coro: a coroutine object
+        :param name: optional name to give the task
+        :param context: optional context to run the task in
+        :return: a task handle
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.14.0
+        """
+
+    @final
+    def start_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        """
+        Start a new task in this task group.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function
+        :param args: positional arguments to call the function with
+        :param name: name of the task, for the purposes of introspection and debugging
+        :return: a task handle
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+            This method now returns a task handle.
+
+        """
+        final_name = get_callable_name(func, name)
+        return self.create_task(call_for_coroutine(func, args), name=final_name)
+
+    @overload
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] = ...,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[True],
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co, Any]: ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] | Literal[True] = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Start a new task and wait until it signals for readiness.
+
+        The target callable must accept a keyword argument ``task_status`` (of type
+        :class:`TaskStatus`). Awaiting on this method will return whatever was passed to
+        ``task_status.started()`` (``None`` by default).
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`TaskStatus` class is generic, and the type argument should
+            indicate the type of the value that will be passed to
+            ``task_status.started()``.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function that accepts the ``task_status`` keyword
+            argument
+        :param args: positional arguments to call the function with
+        :param name: an optional name for the task, for introspection and debugging
+        :param return_handle: if ``True``, return a :class:`TaskHandle` which also
+            contains the start value in ``start_value``
+        :return: the value passed to ``task_status.started()``
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the task finishes without calling
+            ``task_status.started()``
+
+        .. seealso:: :ref:`start_initialize`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        """Enter the task group context and allow starting new tasks."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Exit the task group context waiting for all tasks to finish."""
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a93fb7cc31533f08f5be52c0528e10147aaac57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import types
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Coroutine, Iterable
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class TestRunner(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Encapsulates a running event loop. Every call made through this object will use the
+    same event loop.
+    """
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> TestRunner:
+        return self
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None: ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[_T, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[_T]:
+        """
+        Run an async generator fixture.
+
+        :param fixture_func: the fixture function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
+        :return: an iterator yielding the value yielded from the async generator
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> _T:
+        """
+        Run an async fixture.
+
+        :param fixture_func: the fixture function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
+        :return: the return value of the fixture function
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Run an async test function.
+
+        :param test_func: the test function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the test function with
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def is_running(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if the test runner is running.
+
+        :return: ``True`` if the coroutine is currently being run, ``False`` otherwise.
+        """
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/from_thread.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/from_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c7914c2ffff281fd5a0f0273e7d7f5d8a35e459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/from_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "BlockingPortal",
+    "BlockingPortalProvider",
+    "check_cancelled",
+    "run",
+    "run_sync",
+    "start_blocking_portal",
+)
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Coroutine, Generator
+from concurrent.futures import Future
+from contextlib import (
+    AbstractAsyncContextManager,
+    AbstractContextManager,
+    contextmanager,
+)
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import partial
+from inspect import isawaitable
+from threading import Lock, Thread, current_thread, get_ident
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from ._core._eventloop import (
+    get_cancelled_exc_class,
+    threadlocals,
+)
+from ._core._eventloop import run as run_eventloop
+from ._core._exceptions import NoEventLoopError
+from ._core._synchronization import Event
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope, create_task_group
+from .abc._tasks import TaskStatus
+from .lowlevel import EventLoopToken, current_token
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+
+def _token_or_error(token: EventLoopToken | None) -> EventLoopToken:
+    if token is not None:
+        return token
+
+    try:
+        return threadlocals.current_token
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise NoEventLoopError(
+            "Not running inside an AnyIO worker thread, and no event loop token was "
+            "provided"
+        ) from None
+
+
+def run(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    token: EventLoopToken | None = None,
+) -> T_co:
+    """
+    Call a coroutine function from a worker thread.
+
+    :param func: a coroutine function
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param token: an event loop token to use to get back to the event loop thread
+        (required if calling this function from outside an AnyIO worker thread)
+    :return: the return value of the coroutine function
+    :raises MissingTokenError: if no token was provided and called from outside an
+        AnyIO worker thread
+    :raises RunFinishedError: if the event loop tied to ``token`` is no longer running
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.11.0
+        Added the ``token`` parameter.
+
+    """
+    explicit_token = token is not None
+    token = _token_or_error(token)
+    return token.backend_class.run_async_from_thread(
+        func, args, token=token.native_token if explicit_token else None
+    )
+
+
+def run_sync(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    token: EventLoopToken | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call a function in the event loop thread from a worker thread.
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param token: an event loop token to use to get back to the event loop thread
+        (required if calling this function from outside an AnyIO worker thread)
+    :return: the return value of the callable
+    :raises MissingTokenError: if no token was provided and called from outside an
+        AnyIO worker thread
+    :raises RunFinishedError: if the event loop tied to ``token`` is no longer running
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.11.0
+        Added the ``token`` parameter.
+
+    """
+    explicit_token = token is not None
+    token = _token_or_error(token)
+    return token.backend_class.run_sync_from_thread(
+        func, args, token=token.native_token if explicit_token else None
+    )
+
+
+class _BlockingAsyncContextManager(Generic[T_co], AbstractContextManager):
+    _enter_future: Future[T_co]
+    _exit_future: Future[bool | None]
+    _exit_event: Event
+    _exit_exc_info: tuple[
+        type[BaseException] | None, BaseException | None, TracebackType | None
+    ] = (None, None, None)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, async_cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[T_co], portal: BlockingPortal
+    ):
+        self._async_cm = async_cm
+        self._portal = portal
+
+    async def run_async_cm(self) -> bool | None:
+        try:
+            self._exit_event = Event()
+            value = await self._async_cm.__aenter__()
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._enter_future.set_exception(exc)
+            raise
+        else:
+            self._enter_future.set_result(value)
+
+        try:
+            # Wait for the sync context manager to exit.
+            # This next statement can raise `get_cancelled_exc_class()` if
+            # something went wrong in a task group in this async context
+            # manager.
+            await self._exit_event.wait()
+        finally:
+            # In case of cancellation, it could be that we end up here before
+            # `_BlockingAsyncContextManager.__exit__` is called, and an
+            # `_exit_exc_info` has been set.
+            result = await self._async_cm.__aexit__(*self._exit_exc_info)
+
+        return result
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> T_co:
+        self._enter_future = Future()
+        self._exit_future = self._portal.start_task_soon(self.run_async_cm)
+        return self._enter_future.result()
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        __exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        __exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        __traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        self._exit_exc_info = __exc_type, __exc_value, __traceback
+        self._portal.call(self._exit_event.set)
+        return self._exit_future.result()
+
+
+class _BlockingPortalTaskStatus(TaskStatus):
+    def __init__(self, future: Future):
+        self._future = future
+
+    def started(self, value: object = None) -> None:
+        self._future.set_result(value)
+
+
+class BlockingPortal:
+    """
+    An object that lets external threads run code in an asynchronous event loop.
+
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._token = current_token()
+        self._event_loop_thread_id: int | None = get_ident()
+        self._stop_event = Event()
+        self._task_group = create_task_group()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> BlockingPortal:
+        await self._task_group.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        await self.stop()
+        return await self._task_group.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def _check_running(self) -> None:
+        if self._event_loop_thread_id is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("This portal is not running")
+        if self._event_loop_thread_id == get_ident():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This method cannot be called from the event loop thread"
+            )
+
+    async def sleep_until_stopped(self) -> None:
+        """Sleep until :meth:`stop` is called."""
+        await self._stop_event.wait()
+
+    async def stop(self, cancel_remaining: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        Signal the portal to shut down.
+
+        This marks the portal as no longer accepting new calls and exits from
+        :meth:`sleep_until_stopped`.
+
+        :param cancel_remaining: ``True`` to cancel all the remaining tasks, ``False``
+            to let them finish before returning
+
+        """
+        self._event_loop_thread_id = None
+        self._stop_event.set()
+        if cancel_remaining:
+            self._task_group.cancel_scope.cancel("the blocking portal is shutting down")
+
+    async def _call_func(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        future: Future[T_Retval],
+    ) -> None:
+        event_loop_thread_id = self._event_loop_thread_id
+
+        def callback(f: Future[T_Retval]) -> None:
+            if f.cancelled():
+                if event_loop_thread_id == get_ident():
+                    scope.cancel("the future was cancelled")
+                elif event_loop_thread_id is not None:
+                    run_sync(
+                        scope.cancel, "the future was cancelled", token=self._token
+                    )
+
+        try:
+            retval_or_awaitable = func(*args, **kwargs)
+            if isawaitable(retval_or_awaitable):
+                with CancelScope() as scope:
+                    future.add_done_callback(callback)
+                    retval = await retval_or_awaitable
+            else:
+                retval = retval_or_awaitable
+        except get_cancelled_exc_class():
+            future.cancel()
+            future.set_running_or_notify_cancel()
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            if not future.cancelled():
+                future.set_exception(exc)
+
+            # Let base exceptions fall through
+            if not isinstance(exc, Exception):
+                raise
+        else:
+            if not future.cancelled():
+                future.set_result(retval)
+        finally:
+            scope = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def _spawn_task_from_thread(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        name: object,
+        future: Future[T_Retval],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Spawn a new task using the given callable.
+
+        :param func: a callable
+        :param args: positional arguments to be passed to the callable
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to be passed to the callable
+        :param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
+        :param future: a future that will resolve to the return value of the callable,
+            or the exception raised during its execution
+
+        """
+        run_sync(
+            partial(self._task_group.start_soon, name=name),
+            self._call_func,
+            func,
+            args,
+            kwargs,
+            future,
+            token=self._token,
+        )
+
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    ) -> T_Retval: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self, func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], *args: Unpack[PosArgsT]
+    ) -> T_Retval: ...
+
+    def call(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        """
+        Call the given function in the event loop thread.
+
+        If the callable returns a coroutine object, it is awaited on.
+
+        :param func: any callable
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the portal is not running or if this method is called
+            from within the event loop thread
+
+        """
+        return cast(T_Retval, self.start_task_soon(func, *args).result())
+
+    @overload
+    def start_task_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> Future[T_Retval]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def start_task_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> Future[T_Retval]: ...
+
+    def start_task_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> Future[T_Retval]:
+        """
+        Start a task in the portal's task group.
+
+        The task will be run inside a cancel scope which can be cancelled by cancelling
+        the returned future.
+
+        :param func: the target function
+        :param args: positional arguments passed to ``func``
+        :param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
+        :return: a future that resolves with the return value of the callable if the
+            task completes successfully, or with the exception raised in the task
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the portal is not running or if this method is called
+            from within the event loop thread
+        :rtype: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval]
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+        self._check_running()
+        f: Future[T_Retval] = Future()
+        self._spawn_task_from_thread(func, args, {}, name, f)
+        return f
+
+    def start_task(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> tuple[Future[T_Retval], Any]:
+        """
+        Start a task in the portal's task group and wait until it signals for readiness.
+
+        This method works the same way as :meth:`.abc.TaskGroup.start`.
+
+        :param func: the target function
+        :param args: positional arguments passed to ``func``
+        :param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
+        :return: a tuple of (future, task_status_value) where the ``task_status_value``
+            is the value passed to ``task_status.started()`` from within the target
+            function
+        :rtype: tuple[concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval], Any]
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+
+        def task_done(future: Future[T_Retval]) -> None:
+            if not task_status_future.done():
+                if future.cancelled():
+                    task_status_future.cancel()
+                elif future.exception():
+                    task_status_future.set_exception(future.exception())
+                else:
+                    exc = RuntimeError(
+                        "Task exited without calling task_status.started()"
+                    )
+                    task_status_future.set_exception(exc)
+
+        self._check_running()
+        task_status_future: Future = Future()
+        task_status = _BlockingPortalTaskStatus(task_status_future)
+        f: Future = Future()
+        f.add_done_callback(task_done)
+        self._spawn_task_from_thread(func, args, {"task_status": task_status}, name, f)
+        return f, task_status_future.result()
+
+    def wrap_async_context_manager(
+        self, cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[T_co]
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[T_co]:
+        """
+        Wrap an async context manager as a synchronous context manager via this portal.
+
+        Spawns a task that will call both ``__aenter__()`` and ``__aexit__()``, stopping
+        in the middle until the synchronous context manager exits.
+
+        :param cm: an asynchronous context manager
+        :return: a synchronous context manager
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+        """
+        return _BlockingAsyncContextManager(cm, self)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BlockingPortalProvider:
+    """
+    A manager for a blocking portal. Used as a context manager. The first thread to
+    enter this context manager causes a blocking portal to be started with the specific
+    parameters, and the last thread to exit causes the portal to be shut down. Thus,
+    there will be exactly one blocking portal running in this context as long as at
+    least one thread has entered this context manager.
+
+    The parameters are the same as for :func:`~anyio.run`.
+
+    :param backend: name of the backend
+    :param backend_options: backend options
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.4
+    """
+
+    backend: str = "asyncio"
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    _lock: Lock = field(init=False, default_factory=Lock)
+    _leases: int = field(init=False, default=0)
+    _portal: BlockingPortal = field(init=False)
+    _portal_cm: AbstractContextManager[BlockingPortal] | None = field(
+        init=False, default=None
+    )
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> BlockingPortal:
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._portal_cm is None:
+                self._portal_cm = start_blocking_portal(
+                    self.backend, self.backend_options
+                )
+                self._portal = self._portal_cm.__enter__()
+
+            self._leases += 1
+            return self._portal
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        portal_cm: AbstractContextManager[BlockingPortal] | None = None
+        with self._lock:
+            assert self._portal_cm
+            assert self._leases > 0
+            self._leases -= 1
+            if not self._leases:
+                portal_cm = self._portal_cm
+                self._portal_cm = None
+                del self._portal
+
+        if portal_cm:
+            portal_cm.__exit__(None, None, None)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def start_blocking_portal(
+    backend: str = "asyncio",
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    *,
+    name: str | None = None,
+) -> Generator[BlockingPortal, Any, None]:
+    """
+    Start a new event loop in a new thread and run a blocking portal in its main task.
+
+    The parameters are the same as for :func:`~anyio.run`.
+
+    :param backend: name of the backend
+    :param backend_options: backend options
+    :param name: name of the thread
+    :return: a context manager that yields a blocking portal
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Usage as a context manager is now required.
+
+    """
+
+    async def run_portal() -> None:
+        async with BlockingPortal() as portal_:
+            if name is None:
+                current_thread().name = f"{backend}-portal-{id(portal_):x}"
+
+            future.set_result(portal_)
+            await portal_.sleep_until_stopped()
+
+    def run_blocking_portal() -> None:
+        if future.set_running_or_notify_cancel():
+            try:
+                run_eventloop(
+                    run_portal, backend=backend, backend_options=backend_options
+                )
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_exception(exc)
+
+    future: Future[BlockingPortal] = Future()
+    thread = Thread(target=run_blocking_portal, daemon=True, name=name)
+    thread.start()
+    try:
+        cancel_remaining_tasks = False
+        portal = future.result()
+        try:
+            yield portal
+        except BaseException:
+            cancel_remaining_tasks = True
+            raise
+        finally:
+            try:
+                portal.call(portal.stop, cancel_remaining_tasks)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+    finally:
+        thread.join()
+
+
+def check_cancelled() -> None:
+    """
+    Check if the cancel scope of the host task's running the current worker thread has
+    been cancelled.
+
+    If the host task's current cancel scope has indeed been cancelled, the
+    backend-specific cancellation exception will be raised.
+
+    :raises RuntimeError: if the current thread was not spawned by
+        :func:`.to_thread.run_sync`
+
+    """
+    try:
+        token: EventLoopToken = threadlocals.current_token
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise NoEventLoopError(
+            "This function can only be called inside an AnyIO worker thread"
+        ) from None
+
+    token.backend_class.check_cancelled()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/functools.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/functools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0bdfb4585efc4e4799388547668fba86fb5c687
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/functools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "AsyncCacheInfo",
+    "AsyncCacheParameters",
+    "AsyncLRUCacheWrapper",
+    "cache",
+    "lru_cache",
+    "reduce",
+)
+
+import functools
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncIterable,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Coroutine,
+    Hashable,
+    Iterable,
+)
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    NamedTuple,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypedDict,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    final,
+    overload,
+)
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+from ._core._eventloop import current_time
+from ._core._synchronization import Lock
+from .lowlevel import RunVar, checkpoint
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+S = TypeVar("S")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+lru_cache_items: RunVar[
+    WeakKeyDictionary[
+        AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[Any, Any],
+        OrderedDict[
+            Hashable,
+            tuple[_InitialMissingType, Lock, float | None]
+            | tuple[Any, None, float | None],
+        ],
+    ]
+] = RunVar("lru_cache_items")
+
+
+class _InitialMissingType:
+    pass
+
+
+initial_missing: _InitialMissingType = _InitialMissingType()
+
+
+class AsyncCacheInfo(NamedTuple):
+    hits: int
+    misses: int
+    maxsize: int | None
+    currsize: int
+    ttl: int | None
+
+
+class AsyncCacheParameters(TypedDict):
+    maxsize: int | None
+    typed: bool
+    always_checkpoint: bool
+    ttl: int | None
+
+
+class _LRUMethodWrapper(Generic[T]):
+    def __init__(self, wrapper: AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[..., T], instance: object):
+        self.__wrapper = wrapper
+        self.__instance = instance
+
+    def cache_info(self) -> AsyncCacheInfo:
+        return self.__wrapper.cache_info()
+
+    def cache_parameters(self) -> AsyncCacheParameters:
+        return self.__wrapper.cache_parameters()
+
+    def cache_clear(self) -> None:
+        self.__wrapper.cache_clear()
+
+    async def __call__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T:
+        if self.__instance is None:
+            return await self.__wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        return await self.__wrapper(self.__instance, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@final
+class AsyncLRUCacheWrapper(Generic[P, T]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T]],
+        maxsize: int | None,
+        typed: bool,
+        always_checkpoint: bool,
+        ttl: int | None,
+    ):
+        self.__wrapped__ = func
+        self._hits: int = 0
+        self._misses: int = 0
+        self._maxsize = max(maxsize, 0) if maxsize is not None else None
+        self._currsize: int = 0
+        self._typed = typed
+        self._always_checkpoint = always_checkpoint
+        self._ttl = ttl
+        update_wrapper(self, func)
+
+    def cache_info(self) -> AsyncCacheInfo:
+        return AsyncCacheInfo(
+            self._hits, self._misses, self._maxsize, self._currsize, self._ttl
+        )
+
+    def cache_parameters(self) -> AsyncCacheParameters:
+        return {
+            "maxsize": self._maxsize,
+            "typed": self._typed,
+            "always_checkpoint": self._always_checkpoint,
+            "ttl": self._ttl,
+        }
+
+    def cache_clear(self) -> None:
+        if cache := lru_cache_items.get(None):
+            cache.pop(self, None)
+            self._hits = self._misses = self._currsize = 0
+
+    async def __call__(self, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+        # Easy case first: if maxsize == 0, no caching is done
+        if self._maxsize == 0:
+            value = await self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)
+            self._misses += 1
+            return value
+
+        # The key is constructed as a flat tuple to avoid memory overhead
+        key: tuple[Any, ...] = args
+        if kwargs:
+            # initial_missing is used as a separator
+            key += (initial_missing,) + sum(kwargs.items(), ())
+
+        if self._typed:
+            key += tuple(type(arg) for arg in args)
+            if kwargs:
+                key += (initial_missing,) + tuple(type(val) for val in kwargs.values())
+
+        try:
+            cache = lru_cache_items.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            cache = WeakKeyDictionary()
+            lru_cache_items.set(cache)
+
+        try:
+            cache_entry = cache[self]
+        except KeyError:
+            cache_entry = cache[self] = OrderedDict()
+
+        cached_value: T | _InitialMissingType
+        try:
+            cached_value, lock, expires_at = cache_entry[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            # We're the first task to call this function
+            cached_value, lock, expires_at = (
+                initial_missing,
+                Lock(fast_acquire=not self._always_checkpoint),
+                None,
+            )
+            cache_entry[key] = cached_value, lock, expires_at
+
+        if lock is None:
+            if expires_at is not None and current_time() >= expires_at:
+                self._currsize -= 1
+                cached_value, lock, expires_at = (
+                    initial_missing,
+                    Lock(fast_acquire=not self._always_checkpoint),
+                    None,
+                )
+                cache_entry[key] = cached_value, lock, expires_at
+            else:
+                # The value was already cached
+                self._hits += 1
+                cache_entry.move_to_end(key)
+                if self._always_checkpoint:
+                    await checkpoint()
+
+                return cast(T, cached_value)
+
+        async with lock:
+            # Check if another task filled the cache while we acquired the lock
+            if (cached_value := cache_entry[key][0]) is initial_missing:
+                self._misses += 1
+                if self._maxsize is not None and self._currsize >= self._maxsize:
+                    cache_entry.popitem(last=False)
+                else:
+                    self._currsize += 1
+
+                value = await self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)
+                expires_at = (
+                    current_time() + self._ttl if self._ttl is not None else None
+                )
+                cache_entry[key] = value, None, expires_at
+            else:
+                # Another task filled the cache while we were waiting for the lock
+                self._hits += 1
+                cache_entry.move_to_end(key)
+                value = cast(T, cached_value)
+
+        return value
+
+    def __get__(
+        self, instance: object, owner: type | None = None
+    ) -> _LRUMethodWrapper[T]:
+        wrapper = _LRUMethodWrapper(self, instance)
+        update_wrapper(wrapper, self.__wrapped__)
+        return wrapper
+
+
+class _LRUCacheWrapper:
+    def __init__(
+        self, maxsize: int | None, typed: bool, always_checkpoint: bool, ttl: int | None
+    ):
+        self._maxsize = maxsize
+        self._typed = typed
+        self._always_checkpoint = always_checkpoint
+        self._ttl = ttl
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+        self, func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
+    ) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(
+        self, func: Callable[..., T], /
+    ) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, f: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]] | Callable[..., T], /
+    ) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T] | functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]:
+        if iscoroutinefunction(f):
+            return AsyncLRUCacheWrapper(
+                f, self._maxsize, self._typed, self._always_checkpoint, self._ttl
+            )
+
+        return functools.lru_cache(maxsize=self._maxsize, typed=self._typed)(f)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+@overload
+def cache(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
+) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def cache(func: Callable[..., T], /) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
+
+
+def cache(func: Callable[..., Any] | Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], /) -> Any:
+    """
+    A convenient shortcut for :func:`lru_cache` with ``maxsize=None``.
+
+    This is the asynchronous equivalent to :func:`functools.cache`.
+
+    """
+    return lru_cache(maxsize=None)(func)
+
+
+@overload
+def lru_cache(
+    *,
+    maxsize: int | None = ...,
+    typed: bool = ...,
+    always_checkpoint: bool = ...,
+    ttl: int | None = ...,
+) -> _LRUCacheWrapper: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def lru_cache(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
+) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def lru_cache(func: Callable[..., T], /) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
+
+
+def lru_cache(
+    func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]] | Callable[..., Any] | None = None,
+    /,
+    *,
+    maxsize: int | None = 128,
+    typed: bool = False,
+    always_checkpoint: bool = False,
+    ttl: int | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    An asynchronous version of :func:`functools.lru_cache`.
+
+    If a synchronous function is passed, the standard library
+    :func:`functools.lru_cache` is applied instead.
+
+    :param always_checkpoint: if ``True``, every call to the cached function will be
+        guaranteed to yield control to the event loop at least once
+    :param ttl: time in seconds after which to invalidate cache entries
+
+    .. note:: Caches and locks are managed on a per-event loop basis.
+
+    """
+    if func is None:
+        return _LRUCacheWrapper(maxsize, typed, always_checkpoint, ttl)
+
+    if not callable(func):
+        raise TypeError("the first argument must be callable")
+
+    return _LRUCacheWrapper(maxsize, typed, always_checkpoint, ttl)(func)
+
+
+@overload
+async def reduce(
+    function: Callable[[T, S], Awaitable[T]],
+    iterable: Iterable[S] | AsyncIterable[S],
+    /,
+    initial: T,
+) -> T: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def reduce(
+    function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    /,
+) -> T: ...
+
+
+async def reduce(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]] | Callable[[T, S], Awaitable[T]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | Iterable[S] | AsyncIterable[T] | AsyncIterable[S],
+    /,
+    initial: T | _InitialMissingType = initial_missing,
+) -> T:
+    """
+    Asynchronous version of :func:`functools.reduce`.
+
+    :param function: a coroutine function that takes two arguments: the accumulated
+        value and the next element from the iterable
+    :param iterable: an iterable or async iterable
+    :param initial: the initial value (if missing, the first element of the iterable is
+        used as the initial value)
+
+    """
+    element: Any
+    function_called = False
+    if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterable):
+        async_it = iterable.__aiter__()
+        if initial is initial_missing:
+            try:
+                value = cast(T, await async_it.__anext__())
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value"
+                ) from None
+        else:
+            value = cast(T, initial)
+
+        async for element in async_it:
+            value = await function(value, element)
+            function_called = True
+    elif isinstance(iterable, Iterable):
+        it = iter(iterable)
+        if initial is initial_missing:
+            try:
+                value = cast(T, next(it))
+            except StopIteration:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value"
+                ) from None
+        else:
+            value = cast(T, initial)
+
+        for element in it:
+            value = await function(value, element)
+            function_called = True
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("reduce() argument 2 must be an iterable or async iterable")
+
+    # Make sure there is at least one checkpoint, even if an empty iterable and an
+    # initial value were given
+    if not function_called:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+    return value
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/itertools.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/itertools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e5248e4b8f99556cdbb98b024a188d65cdfce83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/itertools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "accumulate",
+    "batched",
+    "Chain",
+    "combinations",
+    "combinations_with_replacement",
+    "compress",
+    "count",
+    "cycle",
+    "dropwhile",
+    "filterfalse",
+    "groupby",
+    "islice",
+    "pairwise",
+    "permutations",
+    "product",
+    "repeat",
+    "starmap",
+    "tee",
+    "takewhile",
+    "zip_longest",
+)
+
+import itertools
+import operator
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+)
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar, cast, overload
+
+from ._core._synchronization import Lock
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope
+from .lowlevel import cancel_shielded_checkpoint, checkpoint, checkpoint_if_cancelled
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+R = TypeVar("R")
+_tee_end = object()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _IterableAsyncIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
+    iterator: Iterator[T]
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            result = next(self.iterator)
+        except StopIteration:
+            await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+        return result
+
+
+def _iterate(iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]) -> AsyncIterator[T]:
+    if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterator):
+        return iterable
+
+    if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterable):
+        return iterable.__aiter__()
+
+    return _IterableAsyncIterator(iter(iterable))
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _TeeLink(Generic[T]):
+    value: object | None = None
+    next: _TeeLink[T] | None = None
+    filled: bool = False
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _TeeState(Generic[T]):
+    iterator: AsyncIterator[T]
+    lock: Lock = field(default_factory=Lock)
+
+    async def fill(self, link: _TeeLink[T]) -> bool:
+        if link.filled:
+            return False
+
+        async with self.lock:
+            if link.filled:
+                return True
+
+            link.value = await anext(self.iterator, _tee_end)
+            if link.value is not _tee_end:
+                link.next = _TeeLink()
+
+            link.filled = True
+            return True
+
+
+class _TeeAsyncIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
+    _state: _TeeState[T]
+    _link: _TeeLink[T]
+    _element_yielded: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T] | _TeeAsyncIterator[T]
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(iterable, _TeeAsyncIterator):
+            self._state = iterable._state
+            self._link = iterable._link
+        else:
+            self._state = _TeeState(_iterate(iterable))
+            self._link = _TeeLink()
+
+        self._element_yielded = False
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T:
+        had_yieldpoint = await self._state.fill(self._link)
+        if self._link.value is _tee_end:
+            if not self._element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            raise StopAsyncIteration
+
+        if not had_yieldpoint:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+
+        self._element_yielded = True
+        value = cast(T, self._link.value)
+        next_link = self._link.next
+        assert next_link is not None
+        self._link = next_link
+        if not had_yieldpoint:
+            await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+        return value
+
+
+async def _operator_add(x: T, y: T) -> T:
+    return operator.add(x, y)
+
+
+async def accumulate(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]] = _operator_add,
+    *,
+    initial: T | None = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    if initial is None:
+        try:
+            total = await anext(iterator)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            await checkpoint()
+            return
+    else:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        total = initial
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    yield total
+
+    async for element in iterator:
+        total = await function(total, element)
+        yield total
+
+
+async def batched(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], n: int, *, strict: bool = False
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    if n < 1:
+        raise ValueError("n must be at least one")
+
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+
+    while True:
+        batch: list[T] = []
+        for _ in range(n):
+            try:
+                batch.append(await anext(iterator))
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                if not batch:
+                    await checkpoint()
+                    return
+                if strict:
+                    raise ValueError("batched(): incomplete batch") from None
+
+                yield tuple(batch)
+                return
+
+        yield tuple(batch)
+
+
+class Chain:
+    def __call__(
+        self, *iterables: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]
+    ) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+        return self.from_iterable(iterables)
+
+    async def from_iterable(
+        self,
+        iterables: (
+            Iterable[Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]]
+            | AsyncIterable[Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]]
+        ),
+    ) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+        element_yielded = False
+        outer_iter = _iterate(iterables)
+
+        try:
+            async for iterable in outer_iter:
+                async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+                    element_yielded = True
+                    yield element
+        finally:
+            aclose = getattr(outer_iter, "aclose", None)
+            if aclose is not None:
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    await aclose()
+
+        if not element_yielded:
+            await checkpoint()
+
+
+chain: Chain = Chain()
+
+
+async def combinations(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+    async for combination in _iterate(itertools.combinations(pool, r)):
+        yield combination
+
+
+async def combinations_with_replacement(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+    async for combination in _iterate(itertools.combinations_with_replacement(pool, r)):
+        yield combination
+
+
+async def compress(
+    data: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    selectors: Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    data_iterator = _iterate(data)
+    selector_iterator = _iterate(selectors)
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            datum = await anext(data_iterator)
+            selector = await anext(selector_iterator)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            if not element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            return
+
+        if selector:
+            element_yielded = True
+            yield datum
+
+
+async def count(start: int = 0, step: int = 1) -> AsyncGenerator[int, None]:
+    n = start
+    while True:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        value = n
+        n += step
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+        yield value
+
+
+async def cycle(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    saved: list[T] = []
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        saved.append(element)
+        yield element
+
+    if not saved:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    while True:
+        for element in saved:
+            await checkpoint()
+            yield element
+
+
+async def dropwhile(
+    predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    element_yielded = False
+    dropping = True
+
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        if dropping and await predicate(element):
+            continue
+
+        dropping = False
+        element_yielded = True
+        yield element
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def filterfalse(
+    predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        if not await predicate(element):
+            element_yielded = True
+            yield element
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+@overload
+def groupby(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, list[T]], None]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def groupby(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    key: Callable[[T], Awaitable[R]],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[R, list[T]], None]: ...
+
+
+async def groupby(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    key: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]] | None = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[object, list[T]], None]:
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    try:
+        element = await anext(iterator)
+    except StopAsyncIteration:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    group_key = element if key is None else await key(element)
+    values = [element]
+
+    async for element in iterator:
+        next_key = element if key is None else await key(element)
+        if next_key != group_key:
+            completed_group = group_key, values
+            group_key = next_key
+            values = [element]
+            yield completed_group
+        else:
+            values.append(element)
+
+    yield group_key, values
+
+
+@overload
+def islice(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    stop: int | None,
+    /,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def islice(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    start: int | None,
+    stop: int | None,
+    step: int | None = 1,
+    /,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]: ...
+
+
+async def islice(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    *args: int | None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    if not args:
+        raise TypeError("islice expected at least 2 arguments, got 1")
+    if len(args) > 3:
+        raise TypeError(f"islice expected at most 4 arguments, got {len(args) + 1}")
+
+    slice_args = slice(*args)
+
+    start_message = (
+        "Indices for islice() must be None or an integer: 0 <= x <= sys.maxsize."
+    )
+    stop_message = (
+        "Stop argument for islice() must be None or an integer: 0 <= x <= sys.maxsize."
+    )
+    step_message = "Step for islice() must be a positive integer or None."
+
+    def normalize_index(value: object, message: str) -> int:
+        try:
+            index = operator.index(cast(Any, value))
+        except TypeError:
+            raise ValueError(message) from None
+
+        if index < 0 or index > sys.maxsize:
+            raise ValueError(message)
+
+        return index
+
+    start = (
+        0
+        if slice_args.start is None
+        else normalize_index(slice_args.start, start_message)
+    )
+    stop = (
+        None
+        if slice_args.stop is None
+        else normalize_index(slice_args.stop, stop_message)
+    )
+    step = (
+        1 if slice_args.step is None else normalize_index(slice_args.step, step_message)
+    )
+
+    if step <= 0:
+        raise ValueError(step_message)
+
+    if stop == 0 or start == stop:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    index = 0
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    while stop is None or index < stop:
+        try:
+            element = await anext(iterator)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            if not element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            return
+
+        if index >= start and (index - start) % step == 0:
+            index += 1
+            element_yielded = True
+            yield element
+        else:
+            index += 1
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def pairwise(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, T], None]:
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    try:
+        previous = await anext(iterator)
+    except StopAsyncIteration:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    element_yielded = False
+    async for element in iterator:
+        element_yielded = True
+        pair = (previous, element)
+        previous = element
+        yield pair
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def permutations(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int | None = None
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+    n = len(pool)
+    if r is None:
+        r = n
+    elif not isinstance(r, int):
+        raise TypeError("Expected int as r")
+    elif r < 0:
+        raise ValueError("r must be non-negative")
+
+    async for permutation in _iterate(itertools.permutations(pool, r)):
+        yield permutation
+
+
+async def product(
+    *iterables: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], repeat: int = 1
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    repeat = operator.index(repeat)
+    if repeat < 0:
+        raise ValueError("repeat argument cannot be negative")
+
+    pools: list[tuple[T, ...]] = []
+    for iterable in iterables:
+        pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+        pools.append(tuple(pool))
+
+    async for value in _iterate(itertools.product(*pools, repeat=repeat)):
+        yield value
+
+
+async def repeat(element: T, times: int | None = None) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    if times is None:
+        while True:
+            await checkpoint()
+            yield element
+
+    remaining = operator.index(cast(Any, times))
+    if remaining <= 0:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    while remaining > 0:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        remaining -= 1
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+        yield element
+
+
+async def starmap(
+    function: Callable[..., Awaitable[R]],
+    iterable: (
+        Iterable[Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object]]
+        | AsyncIterable[Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object]]
+    ),
+) -> AsyncGenerator[R, None]:
+    result_yielded = False
+
+    async for args_iterable in _iterate(iterable):
+        args = [element async for element in _iterate(args_iterable)]
+        result_yielded = True
+        yield await function(*args)
+
+    if not result_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+def tee(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], n: int = 2
+) -> tuple[AsyncIterator[T], ...]:
+    n = operator.index(cast(Any, n))
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError("n must be >= 0")
+    if n == 0:
+        return ()
+
+    iterator = _TeeAsyncIterator(iterable)
+    iterators: list[AsyncIterator[T]] = [iterator]
+    iterators.extend(_TeeAsyncIterator(iterator) for _ in range(n - 1))
+    return tuple(iterators)
+
+
+async def takewhile(
+    predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        if not await predicate(element):
+            if not element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            return
+
+        element_yielded = True
+        yield element
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def zip_longest(
+    *iterables: Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object],
+    fillvalue: object = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[object, ...], None]:
+    iterators = [_iterate(iterable) for iterable in iterables]
+    num_active = len(iterators)
+    if not num_active:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    active = [True] * num_active
+    tuple_yielded = False
+
+    while True:
+        values: list[object] = []
+        for index, iterator in enumerate(iterators):
+            if not active[index]:
+                values.append(fillvalue)
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                value = await anext(iterator)
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                active[index] = False
+                num_active -= 1
+                if not num_active:
+                    if not tuple_yielded:
+                        await checkpoint()
+
+                    return
+
+                value = fillvalue
+
+            values.append(value)
+
+        tuple_yielded = True
+        yield tuple(values)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/lowlevel.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/lowlevel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d04579180f5d925fec2bac68fe379886011dc75a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/lowlevel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "EventLoopToken",
+    "RunvarToken",
+    "RunVar",
+    "checkpoint",
+    "checkpoint_if_cancelled",
+    "cancel_shielded_checkpoint",
+    "current_token",
+)
+
+import enum
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, final, overload
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+from ._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from .abc import AsyncBackend
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+D = TypeVar("D")
+
+
+async def checkpoint() -> None:
+    """
+    Check for cancellation and allow the scheduler to switch to another task.
+
+    Equivalent to (but more efficient than)::
+
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+    """
+    await get_async_backend().checkpoint()
+
+
+async def checkpoint_if_cancelled() -> None:
+    """
+    Enter a checkpoint if the enclosing cancel scope has been cancelled.
+
+    This does not allow the scheduler to switch to a different task.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+    """
+    await get_async_backend().checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+
+
+async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint() -> None:
+    """
+    Allow the scheduler to switch to another task but without checking for cancellation.
+
+    Equivalent to (but potentially more efficient than)::
+
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            await checkpoint()
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+    """
+    await get_async_backend().cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+
+@final
+@dataclass(frozen=True, repr=False)
+class EventLoopToken:
+    """
+    An opaque object that holds a reference to an event loop.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.11.0
+    """
+
+    backend_class: type[AsyncBackend]
+    native_token: object
+
+
+def current_token() -> EventLoopToken:
+    """
+    Return a token object that can be used to call code in the current event loop from
+    another thread.
+
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.11.0
+
+    """
+    backend_class = get_async_backend()
+    raw_token = backend_class.current_token()
+    return EventLoopToken(backend_class, raw_token)
+
+
+_run_vars: WeakKeyDictionary[object, dict[RunVar[Any], Any]] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+
+class _NoValueSet(enum.Enum):
+    NO_VALUE_SET = enum.auto()
+
+
+class RunvarToken(Generic[T]):
+    """
+    A token that can be used to restore a :class:`RunVar` to its previous value.
+
+    Returned by :meth:`RunVar.set`. Can be used as a context manager to automatically
+    reset the variable on exit, or passed directly to :meth:`RunVar.reset`.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_var", "_value", "_redeemed"
+
+    def __init__(self, var: RunVar[T], value: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET]):
+        self._var = var
+        self._value: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = value
+        self._redeemed = False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> RunvarToken[T]:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._var.reset(self)
+
+
+class RunVar(Generic[T]):
+    """
+    Like a :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar`, except scoped to the running event loop.
+
+    Can be used as a context manager, Just like :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar`, that
+    will reset the variable to its previous value when the context block is exited.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_name", "_default"
+
+    NO_VALUE_SET: Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = _NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, name: str, default: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = NO_VALUE_SET
+    ):
+        self._name = name
+        self._default = default
+
+    @property
+    def _current_vars(self) -> dict[RunVar[T], T]:
+        native_token = current_token().native_token
+        try:
+            return _run_vars[native_token]
+        except KeyError:
+            run_vars = _run_vars[native_token] = {}
+            return run_vars
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, default: D) -> T | D: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self) -> T: ...
+
+    def get(
+        self, default: D | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = NO_VALUE_SET
+    ) -> T | D:
+        """
+        Return the current value of this run variable.
+
+        :param default: a fallback value to return if no value has been set
+        :return: the current value, the provided default, or the variable's own default
+        :raises LookupError: if no value is set and no default is available
+
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._current_vars[self]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is not RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET:
+                return default
+            elif self._default is not RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET:
+                return self._default
+
+        raise LookupError(
+            f'Run variable "{self._name}" has no value and no default set'
+        )
+
+    def set(self, value: T) -> RunvarToken[T]:
+        """
+        Set the value of this run variable for the current event loop.
+
+        :param value: the new value
+        :return: a token that can be used to restore the previous value
+
+        """
+        current_vars = self._current_vars
+        token = RunvarToken(self, current_vars.get(self, RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET))
+        current_vars[self] = value
+        return token
+
+    def reset(self, token: RunvarToken[T]) -> None:
+        """
+        Restore this run variable to the value it held before the matching :meth:`set`.
+
+        :param token: the token returned by :meth:`set`
+        :raises ValueError: if the token belongs to a different :class:`RunVar` or the token
+            has already been used
+
+        """
+        if token._var is not self:
+            raise ValueError("This token does not belong to this RunVar")
+
+        if token._redeemed:
+            raise ValueError("This token has already been used")
+
+        if token._value is _NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET:
+            try:
+                del self._current_vars[self]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            self._current_vars[self] = token._value
+
+        token._redeemed = True
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<RunVar name={self._name!r}>"
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/py.typed b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/pytest_plugin.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/pytest_plugin.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c667597d02f268b8f5427d8f80957116992c6ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/pytest_plugin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import socket
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterator
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from inspect import isasyncgenfunction, iscoroutinefunction, ismethod
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+import pytest
+from _pytest.fixtures import FuncFixtureInfo, SubRequest
+from _pytest.outcomes import Exit
+from _pytest.python import CallSpec2
+from _pytest.scope import Scope
+
+from . import get_available_backends
+from ._core._eventloop import (
+    current_async_library,
+    get_async_backend,
+    reset_current_async_library,
+    set_current_async_library,
+)
+from ._core._exceptions import iterate_exceptions
+from .abc import TestRunner
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from exceptiongroup import ExceptionGroup
+
+_current_runner: TestRunner | None = None
+_runner_stack: ExitStack | None = None
+_runner_leases = 0
+
+
+def extract_backend_and_options(backend: object) -> tuple[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+    if isinstance(backend, str):
+        return backend, {}
+    elif isinstance(backend, tuple) and len(backend) == 2:
+        if isinstance(backend[0], str) and isinstance(backend[1], dict):
+            return cast(tuple[str, dict[str, Any]], backend)
+
+    raise TypeError("anyio_backend must be either a string or tuple of (string, dict)")
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def get_runner(
+    backend_name: str, backend_options: dict[str, Any]
+) -> Iterator[TestRunner]:
+    global _current_runner, _runner_leases, _runner_stack
+    if _current_runner is None:
+        asynclib = get_async_backend(backend_name)
+        _runner_stack = ExitStack()
+        if current_async_library() is None:
+            # Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the
+            # async library
+            token = set_current_async_library(backend_name)
+            _runner_stack.callback(reset_current_async_library, token)
+
+        backend_options = backend_options or {}
+        _current_runner = _runner_stack.enter_context(
+            asynclib.create_test_runner(backend_options)
+        )
+
+    _runner_leases += 1
+    try:
+        yield _current_runner
+    finally:
+        _runner_leases -= 1
+        if not _runner_leases:
+            assert _runner_stack is not None
+            _runner_stack.close()
+            _runner_stack = _current_runner = None
+
+
+def pytest_addoption(parser: pytest.Parser) -> None:
+    parser.addini(
+        "anyio_mode",
+        default="strict",
+        help='AnyIO plugin mode (either "strict" or "auto")',
+    )
+
+
+def pytest_configure(config: pytest.Config) -> None:
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        "markers",
+        "anyio: mark the (coroutine function) test to be run asynchronously via anyio.",
+    )
+    if (
+        config.getini("anyio_mode") == "auto"
+        and config.pluginmanager.has_plugin("asyncio")
+        and config.getini("asyncio_mode") == "auto"
+    ):
+        config.issue_config_time_warning(
+            pytest.PytestConfigWarning(
+                "AnyIO auto mode has been enabled together with pytest-asyncio auto "
+                "mode. This may cause unexpected behavior."
+            ),
+            1,
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
+def pytest_fixture_setup(fixturedef: Any, request: Any) -> Generator[Any]:
+    def wrapper(anyio_backend: Any, request: SubRequest, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        # Rebind any fixture methods to the request instance
+        if (
+            request.instance
+            and ismethod(func)
+            and type(func.__self__) is type(request.instance)
+        ):
+            local_func = func.__func__.__get__(request.instance)
+        else:
+            local_func = func
+
+        backend_name, backend_options = extract_backend_and_options(anyio_backend)
+        if has_backend_arg:
+            kwargs["anyio_backend"] = anyio_backend
+
+        if has_request_arg:
+            kwargs["request"] = request
+
+        with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
+            # re-entrant call into the test runner detected. this happens when an async fixture
+            # is dynamically requested via request.getfixturevalue() from inside a running async
+            # test or fixture. on asyncio this raises RuntimeError: This event loop is already
+            # running, on trio the runner deadlocks - the host loop blocks waiting for the
+            # coroutine to return, but the coroutine is waiting for the host loop. raising here
+            # prevents the hang and gives a consistent error across backends.
+            if runner.is_running():
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Cannot schedule a coroutine in the test runner while another is already running; "
+                    "likely caused by request.getfixturevalue() on an async fixture."
+                )
+
+            if isasyncgenfunction(local_func):
+                yield from runner.run_asyncgen_fixture(local_func, kwargs)
+            else:
+                yield runner.run_fixture(local_func, kwargs)
+
+    # Only apply this to coroutine functions and async generator functions in requests
+    # that involve the anyio_backend fixture
+    func = fixturedef.func
+    if isasyncgenfunction(func) or iscoroutinefunction(func):
+        if "anyio_backend" in request.fixturenames:
+            fixturedef.func = wrapper
+            original_argname = fixturedef.argnames
+
+            if not (has_backend_arg := "anyio_backend" in fixturedef.argnames):
+                fixturedef.argnames += ("anyio_backend",)
+
+            if not (has_request_arg := "request" in fixturedef.argnames):
+                fixturedef.argnames += ("request",)
+
+            try:
+                return (yield)
+            finally:
+                fixturedef.func = func
+                fixturedef.argnames = original_argname
+
+    return (yield)
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
+def pytest_pycollect_makeitem(
+    collector: pytest.Module | pytest.Class, name: str, obj: object
+) -> None:
+    if collector.istestfunction(obj, name):
+        inner_func = obj.hypothesis.inner_test if hasattr(obj, "hypothesis") else obj
+        if iscoroutinefunction(inner_func):
+            anyio_auto_mode = collector.config.getini("anyio_mode") == "auto"
+            marker = collector.get_closest_marker("anyio")
+            own_markers = getattr(obj, "pytestmark", ())
+            if (
+                anyio_auto_mode
+                or marker
+                or any(marker.name == "anyio" for marker in own_markers)
+            ):
+                pytest.mark.usefixtures("anyio_backend")(obj)
+
+
+def pytest_collection_finish(session: pytest.Session) -> None:
+    for i, item in reversed(list(enumerate(session.items))):
+        if (
+            isinstance(item, pytest.Function)
+            and iscoroutinefunction(item.function)
+            and item.get_closest_marker("anyio") is not None
+            and "anyio_backend" not in item.fixturenames
+        ):
+            new_items = []
+            try:
+                cs_fields = {f.name for f in dataclasses.fields(CallSpec2)}
+            except TypeError:
+                cs_fields = set()
+
+            for param_index, backend in enumerate(get_available_backends()):
+                if "_arg2scope" in cs_fields:  # pytest >= 8
+                    callspec = CallSpec2(
+                        params={"anyio_backend": backend},
+                        indices={"anyio_backend": param_index},
+                        _arg2scope={"anyio_backend": Scope.Module},
+                        _idlist=[backend],
+                        marks=[],
+                    )
+                else:  # pytest 7.x
+                    callspec = CallSpec2(  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+                        funcargs={},
+                        params={"anyio_backend": backend},
+                        indices={"anyio_backend": param_index},
+                        arg2scope={"anyio_backend": Scope.Module},
+                        idlist=[backend],
+                        marks=[],
+                    )
+
+                fi = item._fixtureinfo
+                new_names_closure = list(fi.names_closure)
+                if "anyio_backend" not in new_names_closure:
+                    new_names_closure.append("anyio_backend")
+
+                new_fixtureinfo = FuncFixtureInfo(
+                    argnames=fi.argnames,
+                    initialnames=fi.initialnames,
+                    names_closure=new_names_closure,
+                    name2fixturedefs=fi.name2fixturedefs,
+                )
+                new_item = pytest.Function.from_parent(
+                    item.parent,
+                    name=f"{item.originalname}[{backend}]",
+                    callspec=callspec,
+                    callobj=item.obj,
+                    fixtureinfo=new_fixtureinfo,
+                    keywords=item.keywords,
+                    originalname=item.originalname,
+                )
+                new_items.append(new_item)
+
+            session.items[i : i + 1] = new_items
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
+def pytest_pyfunc_call(pyfuncitem: Any) -> bool | None:
+    def run_with_hypothesis(**kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
+            runner.run_test(original_func, kwargs)
+
+    backend = pyfuncitem.funcargs.get("anyio_backend")
+    if backend:
+        backend_name, backend_options = extract_backend_and_options(backend)
+
+        if hasattr(pyfuncitem.obj, "hypothesis"):
+            # Wrap the inner test function unless it's already wrapped
+            original_func = pyfuncitem.obj.hypothesis.inner_test
+            if original_func.__qualname__ != run_with_hypothesis.__qualname__:
+                if iscoroutinefunction(original_func):
+                    pyfuncitem.obj.hypothesis.inner_test = run_with_hypothesis
+
+            return None
+
+        if iscoroutinefunction(pyfuncitem.obj):
+            funcargs = pyfuncitem.funcargs
+            testargs = {arg: funcargs[arg] for arg in pyfuncitem._fixtureinfo.argnames}
+            with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
+                try:
+                    runner.run_test(pyfuncitem.obj, testargs)
+                except ExceptionGroup as excgrp:
+                    for exc in iterate_exceptions(excgrp):
+                        if isinstance(exc, (Exit, KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)):
+                            raise exc from excgrp
+
+                    raise
+
+            return True
+
+    return None
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module", params=get_available_backends())
+def anyio_backend(request: Any) -> Any:
+    return request.param
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def anyio_backend_name(anyio_backend: Any) -> str:
+    if isinstance(anyio_backend, str):
+        return anyio_backend
+    else:
+        return anyio_backend[0]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def anyio_backend_options(anyio_backend: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if isinstance(anyio_backend, str):
+        return {}
+    else:
+        return anyio_backend[1]
+
+
+class FreePortFactory:
+    """
+    Manages port generation based on specified socket kind, ensuring no duplicate
+    ports are generated.
+
+    This class provides functionality for generating available free ports on the
+    system. It is initialized with a specific socket kind and can generate ports
+    for given address families while avoiding reuse of previously generated ports.
+
+    Users should not instantiate this class directly, but use the
+    ``free_tcp_port_factory`` and ``free_udp_port_factory`` fixtures instead. For simple
+    uses cases, ``free_tcp_port`` and ``free_udp_port`` can be used instead.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, kind: socket.SocketKind) -> None:
+        self._kind = kind
+        self._generated = set[int]()
+
+    @property
+    def kind(self) -> socket.SocketKind:
+        """
+        The type of socket connection (e.g., :data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` or
+        :data:`~socket.SOCK_DGRAM`) used to bind for checking port availability
+
+        """
+        return self._kind
+
+    def __call__(self, family: socket.AddressFamily | None = None) -> int:
+        """
+        Return an unbound port for the given address family.
+
+        :param family: if omitted, both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses will be tried
+        :return: a port number
+
+        """
+        if family is not None:
+            families = [family]
+        else:
+            families = [socket.AF_INET]
+            if socket.has_ipv6:
+                families.append(socket.AF_INET6)
+
+        while True:
+            port = 0
+            with ExitStack() as stack:
+                for family in families:
+                    sock = stack.enter_context(socket.socket(family, self._kind))
+                    addr = "::1" if family == socket.AF_INET6 else "127.0.0.1"
+                    try:
+                        sock.bind((addr, port))
+                    except OSError:
+                        break
+
+                    if not port:
+                        port = sock.getsockname()[1]
+                else:
+                    if port not in self._generated:
+                        self._generated.add(port)
+                        return port
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def free_tcp_port_factory() -> FreePortFactory:
+    return FreePortFactory(socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def free_udp_port_factory() -> FreePortFactory:
+    return FreePortFactory(socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def free_tcp_port(free_tcp_port_factory: Callable[[], int]) -> int:
+    return free_tcp_port_factory()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def free_udp_port(free_udp_port_factory: Callable[[], int]) -> int:
+    return free_udp_port_factory()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..acf312ba280f26c4990234670f78ea5860f7783d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "BufferedByteReceiveStream",
+    "BufferedByteStream",
+    "BufferedConnectable",
+)
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, SupportsIndex
+
+from .. import ClosedResourceError, DelimiterNotFound, EndOfStream, IncompleteRead
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteReceiveStream,
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ByteReceiveStream,
+    ByteStream,
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class BufferedByteReceiveStream(ByteReceiveStream):
+    """
+    Wraps any bytes-based receive stream and uses a buffer to provide sophisticated
+    receiving capabilities in the form of a byte stream.
+    """
+
+    receive_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream
+    _buffer: bytearray = field(init=False, default_factory=bytearray)
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+        self._closed = True
+
+    @property
+    def buffer(self) -> bytes:
+        """The bytes currently in the buffer."""
+        return bytes(self._buffer)
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.receive_stream.extra_attributes
+
+    def feed_data(self, data: Iterable[SupportsIndex], /) -> None:
+        """
+        Append data directly into the buffer.
+
+        Any data in the buffer will be consumed by receive operations before receiving
+        anything from the wrapped stream.
+
+        :param data: the data to append to the buffer (can be bytes or anything else
+            that supports ``__index__()``)
+
+        """
+        self._buffer.extend(data)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        if self._buffer:
+            chunk = bytes(self._buffer[:max_bytes])
+            del self._buffer[:max_bytes]
+            return chunk
+        elif isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream):
+            return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes)
+        else:
+            # With a bytes-oriented object stream, we need to handle any surplus bytes
+            # we get from the receive() call
+            chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            if len(chunk) > max_bytes:
+                # Save the surplus bytes in the buffer
+                self._buffer.extend(chunk[max_bytes:])
+                return chunk[:max_bytes]
+            else:
+                return chunk
+
+    async def receive_exactly(self, nbytes: int) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read exactly the given amount of bytes from the stream.
+
+        :param nbytes: the number of bytes to read
+        :return: the bytes read
+        :raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the requested
+            amount of bytes could be read from the stream
+
+        """
+        while True:
+            remaining = nbytes - len(self._buffer)
+            if remaining <= 0:
+                retval = self._buffer[:nbytes]
+                del self._buffer[:nbytes]
+                return bytes(retval)
+
+            try:
+                if isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream):
+                    chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive(remaining)
+                else:
+                    chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            except EndOfStream as exc:
+                raise IncompleteRead from exc
+
+            self._buffer.extend(chunk)
+
+    async def receive_until(self, delimiter: bytes, max_bytes: int) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read from the stream until the delimiter is found or max_bytes have been read.
+
+        :param delimiter: the marker to look for in the stream
+        :param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes that will be read before raising
+            :exc:`~anyio.DelimiterNotFound`
+        :return: the bytes read (not including the delimiter)
+        :raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the delimiter
+            was found
+        :raises ~anyio.DelimiterNotFound: if the delimiter is not found within the
+            bytes read up to the maximum allowed
+
+        """
+        delimiter_size = len(delimiter)
+        offset = 0
+        while True:
+            # Check if the delimiter can be found in the current buffer
+            index = self._buffer.find(delimiter, offset)
+            if index >= 0:
+                found = self._buffer[:index]
+                del self._buffer[: index + len(delimiter) :]
+                return bytes(found)
+
+            # Check if the buffer is already at or over the limit
+            if len(self._buffer) >= max_bytes:
+                raise DelimiterNotFound(max_bytes)
+
+            # Read more data into the buffer from the socket
+            try:
+                data = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            except EndOfStream as exc:
+                raise IncompleteRead from exc
+
+            # Move the offset forward and add the new data to the buffer
+            offset = max(len(self._buffer) - delimiter_size + 1, 0)
+            self._buffer.extend(data)
+
+
+class BufferedByteStream(BufferedByteReceiveStream, ByteStream):
+    """
+    A full-duplex variant of :class:`BufferedByteReceiveStream`. All writes are passed
+    through to the wrapped stream as-is.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: AnyByteStream):
+        """
+        :param stream: the stream to be wrapped
+
+        """
+        super().__init__(stream)
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    @override
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.send_eof()
+
+    @override
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self._stream.send(item)
+
+
+class BufferedConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Wraps a byte stream connectable to produce :class:`BufferedByteStream` connections.
+
+    Use this when you want the streams returned by :meth:`connect` to have the buffered
+    receive API (e.g. :meth:`~BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_exactly` and
+    :meth:`~BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until`).
+
+    :param connectable: the byte stream connectable to wrap
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable):
+        """
+        :param connectable: the connectable to wrap
+
+        """
+        self.connectable = connectable
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> BufferedByteStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        return BufferedByteStream(stream)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79c3d500beae578832b7e960a76ead95c80be01e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "FileReadStream",
+    "FileStreamAttribute",
+    "FileWriteStream",
+)
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from io import SEEK_SET, UnsupportedOperation
+from os import PathLike
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import IO, Any
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    TypedAttributeSet,
+    to_thread,
+    typed_attribute,
+)
+from ..abc import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream
+
+
+class FileStreamAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    #: the open file descriptor
+    file: IO[bytes] = typed_attribute()
+    #: the path of the file on the file system, if available (file must be a real file)
+    path: Path = typed_attribute()
+    #: the file number, if available (file must be a real file or a TTY)
+    fileno: int = typed_attribute()
+
+
+class _BaseFileStream:
+    def __init__(self, file: IO[bytes]):
+        self._file = file
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.close)
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = {
+            FileStreamAttribute.file: lambda: self._file,
+        }
+
+        if hasattr(self._file, "name"):
+            attributes[FileStreamAttribute.path] = lambda: Path(self._file.name)
+
+        try:
+            self._file.fileno()
+        except UnsupportedOperation:
+            pass
+        else:
+            attributes[FileStreamAttribute.fileno] = lambda: self._file.fileno()
+
+        return attributes
+
+
+class FileReadStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteReceiveStream):
+    """
+    A byte stream that reads from a file in the file system.
+
+    :param file: a file that has been opened for reading in binary mode
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_path(cls, path: str | PathLike[str]) -> FileReadStream:
+        """
+        Create a file read stream by opening the given file.
+
+        :param path: path of the file to read from
+
+        """
+        file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, "rb")
+        return cls(file)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            data = await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.read, max_bytes)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+        if data:
+            return data
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def seek(self, position: int, whence: int = SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        """
+        Seek the file to the given position.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`io.IOBase.seek`
+
+        .. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable.
+
+        :param position: position to seek the file to
+        :param whence: controls how ``position`` is interpreted
+        :return: the new absolute position
+        :raises OSError: if the file is not seekable
+
+        """
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.seek, position, whence)
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Return the current stream position.
+
+        .. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable.
+
+        :return: the current absolute position
+        :raises OSError: if the file is not seekable
+
+        """
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.tell)
+
+
+class FileWriteStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteSendStream):
+    """
+    A byte stream that writes to a file in the file system.
+
+    :param file: a file that has been opened for writing in binary mode
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_path(
+        cls, path: str | PathLike[str], append: bool = False
+    ) -> FileWriteStream:
+        """
+        Create a file write stream by opening the given file for writing.
+
+        :param path: path of the file to write to
+        :param append: if ``True``, open the file for appending; if ``False``, any
+            existing file at the given path will be truncated
+
+        """
+        mode = "ab" if append else "wb"
+        file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, mode)
+        return cls(file)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.write, item)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3fa0c3d9783f34fb5225938f6ce5d1d31b9b85c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "MemoryObjectReceiveStream",
+    "MemoryObjectSendStream",
+    "MemoryObjectStreamStatistics",
+)
+
+import warnings
+from collections import OrderedDict, deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Generic, NamedTuple, TypeVar
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    WouldBlock,
+)
+from .._core._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task
+from ..abc import Event, ObjectReceiveStream, ObjectSendStream
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+
+
+class MemoryObjectStreamStatistics(NamedTuple):
+    current_buffer_used: int  #: number of items stored in the buffer
+    #: maximum number of items that can be stored on this stream (or :data:`math.inf`)
+    max_buffer_size: float
+    open_send_streams: int  #: number of unclosed clones of the send stream
+    open_receive_streams: int  #: number of unclosed clones of the receive stream
+    #: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectSendStream.send`
+    tasks_waiting_send: int
+    #: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectReceiveStream.receive`
+    tasks_waiting_receive: int
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _MemoryObjectItemReceiver(Generic[T_Item]):
+    task_info: TaskInfo = field(init=False, default_factory=get_current_task)
+    item: T_Item = field(init=False)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        # When item is not defined, we get following error with default __repr__:
+        # AttributeError: 'MemoryObjectItemReceiver' object has no attribute 'item'
+        item = getattr(self, "item", None)
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(task_info={self.task_info}, item={item!r})"
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _MemoryObjectStreamState(Generic[T_Item]):
+    max_buffer_size: float = field()
+    buffer: deque[T_Item] = field(init=False, default_factory=deque)
+    open_send_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0)
+    open_receive_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0)
+    waiting_receivers: OrderedDict[Event, _MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_Item]] = field(
+        init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict
+    )
+    waiting_senders: OrderedDict[Event, T_Item] = field(
+        init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict
+    )
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        return MemoryObjectStreamStatistics(
+            len(self.buffer),
+            self.max_buffer_size,
+            self.open_send_channels,
+            self.open_receive_channels,
+            len(self.waiting_senders),
+            len(self.waiting_receivers),
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MemoryObjectReceiveStream(Generic[T_co], ObjectReceiveStream[T_co]):
+    _state: _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_co]
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        self._state.open_receive_channels += 1
+
+    def receive_nowait(self) -> T_co:
+        """
+        Receive the next item if it can be done without waiting.
+
+        :return: the received item
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if the buffer is empty and this stream has been
+            closed from the sending end
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no items in the buffer and no tasks
+            waiting to send
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        if self._state.waiting_senders:
+            # Get the item from the next sender
+            send_event, item = self._state.waiting_senders.popitem(last=False)
+            self._state.buffer.append(item)
+            send_event.set()
+
+        if self._state.buffer:
+            return self._state.buffer.popleft()
+        elif not self._state.open_send_channels:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+        raise WouldBlock
+
+    async def receive(self) -> T_co:
+        await checkpoint()
+        try:
+            return self.receive_nowait()
+        except WouldBlock:
+            # Add ourselves in the queue
+            receive_event = Event()
+            receiver = _MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_co]()
+            self._state.waiting_receivers[receive_event] = receiver
+
+            try:
+                await receive_event.wait()
+            finally:
+                self._state.waiting_receivers.pop(receive_event, None)
+
+            try:
+                return receiver.item
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise EndOfStream from None
+
+    def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        """
+        Create a clone of this receive stream.
+
+        Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will
+        the receiving end of the memory stream be considered closed by the sending ends.
+
+        :return: the cloned stream
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        return MemoryObjectReceiveStream(_state=self._state)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the stream.
+
+        This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special
+        case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks.
+
+        """
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._state.open_receive_channels -= 1
+            if self._state.open_receive_channels == 0:
+                send_events = list(self._state.waiting_senders.keys())
+                for event in send_events:
+                    event.set()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this stream.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return self._state.statistics()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>",
+                ResourceWarning,
+                stacklevel=1,
+                source=self,
+            )
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MemoryObjectSendStream(Generic[T_contra], ObjectSendStream[T_contra]):
+    _state: _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_contra]
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        self._state.open_send_channels += 1
+
+    def send_nowait(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item immediately if it can be done without waiting.
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the
+            receiving end
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the buffer is full and there are no tasks waiting
+            to receive
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+        if not self._state.open_receive_channels:
+            raise BrokenResourceError
+
+        while self._state.waiting_receivers:
+            receive_event, receiver = self._state.waiting_receivers.popitem(last=False)
+            if not receiver.task_info.has_pending_cancellation():
+                receiver.item = item
+                receive_event.set()
+                return
+
+        if len(self._state.buffer) < self._state.max_buffer_size:
+            self._state.buffer.append(item)
+        else:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+    async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item to the stream.
+
+        If the buffer is full, this method blocks until there is again room in the
+        buffer or the item can be sent directly to a receiver.
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the
+            receiving end
+
+        """
+        await checkpoint()
+        try:
+            self.send_nowait(item)
+        except WouldBlock:
+            # Wait until there's someone on the receiving end
+            send_event = Event()
+            self._state.waiting_senders[send_event] = item
+            try:
+                await send_event.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                self._state.waiting_senders.pop(send_event, None)
+                raise
+
+            if send_event in self._state.waiting_senders:
+                del self._state.waiting_senders[send_event]
+                raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+    def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]:
+        """
+        Create a clone of this send stream.
+
+        Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will
+        the sending end of the memory stream be considered closed by the receiving ends.
+
+        :return: the cloned stream
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        return MemoryObjectSendStream(_state=self._state)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the stream.
+
+        This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special
+        case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks.
+
+        """
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._state.open_send_channels -= 1
+            if self._state.open_send_channels == 0:
+                receive_events = list(self._state.waiting_receivers.keys())
+                self._state.waiting_receivers.clear()
+                for event in receive_events:
+                    event.set()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this stream.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return self._state.statistics()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>",
+                ResourceWarning,
+                stacklevel=1,
+                source=self,
+            )
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9248b68abfbff90ddd64646fbe9cabb9f0ebe869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "MultiListener",
+    "StapledByteStream",
+    "StapledObjectStream",
+)
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
+
+from ..abc import (
+    ByteReceiveStream,
+    ByteSendStream,
+    ByteStream,
+    Listener,
+    ObjectReceiveStream,
+    ObjectSendStream,
+    ObjectStream,
+    TaskGroup,
+)
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_Stream = TypeVar("T_Stream")
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StapledByteStream(ByteStream):
+    """
+    Combines two byte streams into a single, bidirectional byte stream.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param ByteSendStream send_stream: the sending byte stream
+    :param ByteReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving byte stream
+    """
+
+    send_stream: ByteSendStream
+    receive_stream: ByteReceiveStream
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self.receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StapledObjectStream(Generic[T_Item], ObjectStream[T_Item]):
+    """
+    Combines two object streams into a single, bidirectional object stream.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param ObjectSendStream send_stream: the sending object stream
+    :param ObjectReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving object stream
+    """
+
+    send_stream: ObjectSendStream[T_Item]
+    receive_stream: ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]
+
+    async def receive(self) -> T_Item:
+        return await self.receive_stream.receive()
+
+    async def send(self, item: T_Item) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self.receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MultiListener(Generic[T_Stream], Listener[T_Stream]):
+    """
+    Combines multiple listeners into one, serving connections from all of them at once.
+
+    Any MultiListeners in the given collection of listeners will have their listeners
+    moved into this one.
+
+    Extra attributes are provided from each listener, with each successive listener
+    overriding any conflicting attributes from the previous one.
+
+    :param listeners: listeners to serve
+    :type listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]]
+    """
+
+    listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]]
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        listeners: list[Listener[T_Stream]] = []
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            if isinstance(listener, MultiListener):
+                listeners.extend(listener.listeners)
+                del listener.listeners[:]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            else:
+                listeners.append(listener)
+
+        self.listeners = listeners
+
+    async def serve(
+        self, handler: Callable[[T_Stream], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        from .. import create_task_group
+
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            for listener in self.listeners:
+                tg.start_soon(listener.serve, handler, task_group)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            await listener.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        attributes: dict = {}
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            attributes.update(listener.extra_attributes)
+
+        return attributes
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..296cd250459f3848bb333301fff1ac32973f219a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "TextConnectable",
+    "TextReceiveStream",
+    "TextSendStream",
+    "TextStream",
+)
+
+import codecs
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import InitVar, dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteReceiveStream,
+    AnyByteSendStream,
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ObjectReceiveStream,
+    ObjectSendStream,
+    ObjectStream,
+    ObjectStreamConnectable,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextReceiveStream(ObjectReceiveStream[str]):
+    """
+    Stream wrapper that decodes bytes to strings using the given encoding.
+
+    Decoding is done using :class:`~codecs.IncrementalDecoder` which returns any
+    completely received unicode characters as soon as they come in.
+
+    :param transport_stream: any bytes-based receive stream
+    :param encoding: character encoding to use for decoding bytes to strings (defaults
+        to ``utf-8``)
+    :param errors: handling scheme for decoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see the
+        `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: InitVar[str] = "strict"
+    _decoder: codecs.IncrementalDecoder = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None:
+        decoder_class = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding)
+        self._decoder = decoder_class(errors=errors)
+
+    async def receive(self) -> str:
+        while True:
+            chunk = await self.transport_stream.receive()
+            decoded = self._decoder.decode(chunk)
+            if decoded:
+                return decoded
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+        self._decoder.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextSendStream(ObjectSendStream[str]):
+    """
+    Sends strings to the wrapped stream as bytes using the given encoding.
+
+    :param AnyByteSendStream transport_stream: any bytes-based send stream
+    :param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding strings to bytes
+        (defaults to ``utf-8``)
+    :param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see
+        the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteSendStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: str = "strict"
+    _encoder: Callable[..., tuple[bytes, int]] = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str) -> None:
+        self._encoder = codecs.getencoder(encoding)
+
+    async def send(self, item: str) -> None:
+        encoded = self._encoder(item, self.errors)[0]
+        await self.transport_stream.send(encoded)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextStream(ObjectStream[str]):
+    """
+    A bidirectional stream that decodes bytes to strings on receive and encodes strings
+    to bytes on send.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param AnyByteStream transport_stream: any bytes-based stream
+    :param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding/decoding strings to/from
+        bytes (defaults to ``utf-8``)
+    :param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see
+        the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: InitVar[str] = "strict"
+    _receive_stream: TextReceiveStream = field(init=False)
+    _send_stream: TextSendStream = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None:
+        self._receive_stream = TextReceiveStream(
+            self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors
+        )
+        self._send_stream = TextSendStream(
+            self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors
+        )
+
+    async def receive(self) -> str:
+        return await self._receive_stream.receive()
+
+    async def send(self, item: str) -> None:
+        await self._send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.send_eof()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._send_stream.aclose()
+        await self._receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self._send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self._receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+class TextConnectable(ObjectStreamConnectable[str]):
+    def __init__(self, connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable):
+        """
+        :param connectable: the bytestream endpoint to wrap
+
+        """
+        self.connectable = connectable
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> TextStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        return TextStream(stream)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2a7ca5b17b9b6c2d3f0f39e86b22342d0b4df65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "TLSAttribute",
+    "TLSConnectable",
+    "TLSListener",
+    "TLSStream",
+)
+
+import logging
+import re
+import ssl
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import wraps
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Any, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    aclose_forcefully,
+    get_cancelled_exc_class,
+    to_thread,
+)
+from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeSet, typed_attribute
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ByteStream,
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+    Listener,
+    TaskGroup,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+_PCTRTT: TypeAlias = tuple[tuple[str, str], ...]
+_PCTRTTT: TypeAlias = tuple[_PCTRTT, ...]
+
+
+class TLSAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    """Contains Transport Layer Security related attributes."""
+
+    #: the selected ALPN protocol
+    alpn_protocol: str | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: the channel binding for type ``tls-unique``
+    channel_binding_tls_unique: bytes = typed_attribute()
+    #: the selected cipher
+    cipher: tuple[str, str, int] = typed_attribute()
+    #: the peer certificate in dictionary form (see :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert`
+    # for more information)
+    peer_certificate: None | (dict[str, str | _PCTRTTT | _PCTRTT]) = typed_attribute()
+    #: the peer certificate in binary form
+    peer_certificate_binary: bytes | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection
+    server_side: bool = typed_attribute()
+    #: ciphers shared by the client during the TLS handshake (``None`` if this is the
+    #: client side)
+    shared_ciphers: list[tuple[str, str, int]] | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: the :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` used for encryption
+    ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject = typed_attribute()
+    #: ``True`` if this stream does (and expects) a closing TLS handshake when the
+    #: stream is being closed
+    standard_compatible: bool = typed_attribute()
+    #: the TLS protocol version (e.g. ``TLSv1.2``)
+    tls_version: str = typed_attribute()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TLSStream(ByteStream):
+    """
+    A stream wrapper that encrypts all sent data and decrypts received data.
+
+    This class has no public initializer; use :meth:`wrap` instead.
+    All extra attributes from :class:`~TLSAttribute` are supported.
+
+    :var AnyByteStream transport_stream: the wrapped stream
+
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteStream
+    standard_compatible: bool
+    _ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject
+    _read_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO
+    _write_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap(
+        cls,
+        transport_stream: AnyByteStream,
+        *,
+        server_side: bool | None = None,
+        hostname: str | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    ) -> TLSStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing stream with Transport Layer Security.
+
+        This performs a TLS handshake with the peer.
+
+        :param transport_stream: a bytes-transporting stream to wrap
+        :param server_side: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection,
+            ``False`` if this is the client side (if omitted, will be set to ``False``
+            if ``hostname`` has been provided, ``False`` otherwise). Used only to create
+            a default context when an explicit context has not been provided.
+        :param hostname: host name of the peer (if host name checking is desired)
+        :param ssl_context: the SSLContext object to use (if not provided, a secure
+            default will be created)
+        :param standard_compatible: if ``False``, skip the closing handshake when
+            closing the connection, and don't raise an exception if the peer does the
+            same
+        :raises ~ssl.SSLError: if the TLS handshake fails
+
+        """
+        if server_side is None:
+            server_side = not hostname
+
+        if not ssl_context:
+            purpose = (
+                ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH if server_side else ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
+            )
+            ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(purpose)
+
+            # Re-enable detection of unexpected EOFs if it was disabled by Python
+            if hasattr(ssl, "OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF"):
+                ssl_context.options &= ~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF
+
+        bio_in = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+        bio_out = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+        # External SSLContext implementations may do blocking I/O in wrap_bio(),
+        # but the standard library implementation won't
+        if type(ssl_context) is ssl.SSLContext:
+            ssl_object = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+                bio_in, bio_out, server_side=server_side, server_hostname=hostname
+            )
+        else:
+            ssl_object = await to_thread.run_sync(
+                ssl_context.wrap_bio,
+                bio_in,
+                bio_out,
+                server_side,
+                hostname,
+                None,
+            )
+
+        wrapper = cls(
+            transport_stream=transport_stream,
+            standard_compatible=standard_compatible,
+            _ssl_object=ssl_object,
+            _read_bio=bio_in,
+            _write_bio=bio_out,
+        )
+        await wrapper._call_sslobject_method(ssl_object.do_handshake)
+        return wrapper
+
+    async def _call_sslobject_method(
+        self, func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], *args: Unpack[PosArgsT]
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        while True:
+            try:
+                result = func(*args)
+            except ssl.SSLWantReadError:
+                try:
+                    # Flush any pending writes first
+                    if self._write_bio.pending:
+                        await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+
+                    data = await self.transport_stream.receive()
+                except EndOfStream:
+                    self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                    self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    self._read_bio.write(data)
+            except ssl.SSLWantWriteError:
+                await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+            except ssl.SSLSyscallError as exc:
+                self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+            except ssl.SSLError as exc:
+                self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                if isinstance(exc, ssl.SSLEOFError) or (
+                    exc.strerror and "UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING" in exc.strerror
+                ):
+                    if self.standard_compatible:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                    else:
+                        raise EndOfStream from None
+
+                raise
+            else:
+                # Flush any pending writes first
+                if self._write_bio.pending:
+                    await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+
+                return result
+
+    async def unwrap(self) -> tuple[AnyByteStream, bytes]:
+        """
+        Does the TLS closing handshake.
+
+        :return: a tuple of (wrapped byte stream, bytes left in the read buffer)
+
+        """
+        await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.unwrap)
+        self._read_bio.write_eof()
+        self._write_bio.write_eof()
+        return self.transport_stream, self._read_bio.read()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self.standard_compatible:
+            try:
+                await self.unwrap()
+            except BaseException:
+                await aclose_forcefully(self.transport_stream)
+                raise
+
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        data = await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.read, max_bytes)
+        if not data:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+        return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.write, item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        tls_version = self.extra(TLSAttribute.tls_version)
+        match = re.match(r"TLSv(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?", tls_version)
+        if match:
+            major, minor = int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2) or 0)
+            if (major, minor) < (1, 3):
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                    f"send_eof() requires at least TLSv1.3; current "
+                    f"session uses {tls_version}"
+                )
+
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "send_eof() has not yet been implemented for TLS streams"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.transport_stream.extra_attributes,
+            TLSAttribute.alpn_protocol: self._ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol,
+            TLSAttribute.channel_binding_tls_unique: (
+                self._ssl_object.get_channel_binding
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.cipher: self._ssl_object.cipher,
+            TLSAttribute.peer_certificate: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert(False),
+            TLSAttribute.peer_certificate_binary: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert(
+                True
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.server_side: lambda: self._ssl_object.server_side,
+            TLSAttribute.shared_ciphers: lambda: (
+                self._ssl_object.shared_ciphers()
+                if self._ssl_object.server_side
+                else None
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible,
+            TLSAttribute.ssl_object: lambda: self._ssl_object,
+            TLSAttribute.tls_version: self._ssl_object.version,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TLSListener(Listener[TLSStream]):
+    """
+    A convenience listener that wraps another listener and auto-negotiates a TLS session
+    on every accepted connection.
+
+    If the TLS handshake times out or raises an exception,
+    :meth:`handle_handshake_error` is called to do whatever post-mortem processing is
+    deemed necessary.
+
+    Supports only the :attr:`~TLSAttribute.standard_compatible` extra attribute.
+
+    :param Listener listener: the listener to wrap
+    :param ssl_context: the SSL context object
+    :param standard_compatible: a flag passed through to :meth:`TLSStream.wrap`
+    :param handshake_timeout: time limit for the TLS handshake
+        (passed to :func:`~anyio.fail_after`)
+    """
+
+    listener: Listener[Any]
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext
+    standard_compatible: bool = True
+    handshake_timeout: float = 30
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def handle_handshake_error(exc: BaseException, stream: AnyByteStream) -> None:
+        """
+        Handle an exception raised during the TLS handshake.
+
+        This method does 3 things:
+
+        #. Forcefully closes the original stream
+        #. Logs the exception (unless it was a cancellation exception) using the
+           ``anyio.streams.tls`` logger
+        #. Reraises the exception if it was a base exception or a cancellation exception
+
+        :param exc: the exception
+        :param stream: the original stream
+
+        """
+        await aclose_forcefully(stream)
+
+        # Log all except cancellation exceptions
+        if not isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+            # CPython (as of 3.11.5) returns incorrect `sys.exc_info()` here when using
+            # any asyncio implementation, so we explicitly pass the exception to log
+            # (https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/108668). Trio does not have this
+            # issue because it works around the CPython bug.
+            logging.getLogger(__name__).exception(
+                "Error during TLS handshake", exc_info=exc
+            )
+
+        # Only reraise base exceptions and cancellation exceptions
+        if not isinstance(exc, Exception) or isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+            raise
+
+    async def serve(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[TLSStream], Any],
+        task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        @wraps(handler)
+        async def handler_wrapper(stream: AnyByteStream) -> None:
+            from .. import fail_after
+
+            try:
+                with fail_after(self.handshake_timeout):
+                    wrapped_stream = await TLSStream.wrap(
+                        stream,
+                        ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
+                        standard_compatible=self.standard_compatible,
+                    )
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                await self.handle_handshake_error(exc, stream)
+            else:
+                await handler(wrapped_stream)
+
+        await self.listener.serve(handler_wrapper, task_group)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.listener.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible,
+        }
+
+
+class TLSConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Wraps another connectable and does TLS negotiation after a successful connection.
+
+    :param connectable: the connectable to wrap
+    :param hostname: host name of the server (if host name checking is desired)
+    :param ssl_context: the SSLContext object to use (if not provided, a secure default
+        will be created)
+    :param standard_compatible: if ``False``, skip the closing handshake when closing
+        the connection, and don't raise an exception if the server does the same
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+        *,
+        hostname: str | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.connectable = connectable
+        self.ssl_context: SSLContext = ssl_context or ssl.create_default_context(
+            ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
+        )
+        if not isinstance(self.ssl_context, ssl.SSLContext):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "ssl_context must be an instance of ssl.SSLContext, not "
+                f"{type(self.ssl_context).__name__}"
+            )
+        self.hostname = hostname
+        self.standard_compatible = standard_compatible
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> TLSStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        try:
+            return await TLSStream.wrap(
+                stream,
+                hostname=self.hostname,
+                ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
+                standard_compatible=self.standard_compatible,
+            )
+        except BaseException:
+            await aclose_forcefully(stream)
+            raise
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/to_interpreter.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/to_interpreter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..694dbe77bc8581032ee72316afe4e0590311ba00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/to_interpreter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "run_sync",
+    "current_default_interpreter_limiter",
+)
+
+import atexit
+import os
+import sys
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Final, TypeVar
+
+from . import current_time, to_thread
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerInterpreter
+from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
+from .lowlevel import RunVar
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    from concurrent.interpreters import ExecutionFailed, create
+
+    def _interp_call(
+        func: Callable[..., Any], args: tuple[Any, ...]
+    ) -> tuple[Any, bool]:
+        try:
+            retval = func(*args)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            return exc, True
+        else:
+            return retval, False
+
+    class _Worker:
+        last_used: float = 0
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self._interpreter = create()
+
+        def destroy(self) -> None:
+            self._interpreter.close()
+
+        def call(
+            self,
+            func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
+            args: tuple[Any, ...],
+        ) -> T_Retval:
+            try:
+                res, is_exception = self._interpreter.call(_interp_call, func, args)
+            except ExecutionFailed as exc:
+                raise BrokenWorkerInterpreter(exc.excinfo) from exc
+
+            if is_exception:
+                raise res
+
+            return res
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    import _interpqueues
+    import _interpreters
+
+    UNBOUND: Final = 2  # I have no clue how this works, but it was used in the stdlib
+    FMT_UNPICKLED: Final = 0
+    FMT_PICKLED: Final = 1
+    QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS: Final = (FMT_PICKLED, UNBOUND)
+    QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS: Final = (FMT_UNPICKLED, UNBOUND)
+
+    _run_func = compile(
+        """
+import _interpqueues
+from _interpreters import NotShareableError
+from pickle import loads, dumps, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL
+
+QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS = (1, 2)
+QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS = (0, 2)
+
+item = _interpqueues.get(queue_id)[0]
+try:
+    func, args = loads(item)
+    retval = func(*args)
+except BaseException as exc:
+    is_exception = True
+    retval = exc
+else:
+    is_exception = False
+
+try:
+    _interpqueues.put(queue_id, (retval, is_exception), *QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS)
+except NotShareableError:
+    retval = dumps(retval, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+    _interpqueues.put(queue_id, (retval, is_exception), *QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS)
+    """,
+        "<string>",
+        "exec",
+    )
+
+    class _Worker:
+        last_used: float = 0
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self._interpreter_id = _interpreters.create()
+            self._queue_id = _interpqueues.create(1, *QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS)
+            _interpreters.set___main___attrs(
+                self._interpreter_id, {"queue_id": self._queue_id}
+            )
+
+        def destroy(self) -> None:
+            _interpqueues.destroy(self._queue_id)
+            _interpreters.destroy(self._interpreter_id)
+
+        def call(
+            self,
+            func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
+            args: tuple[Any, ...],
+        ) -> T_Retval:
+            import pickle
+
+            item = pickle.dumps((func, args), pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+            _interpqueues.put(self._queue_id, item, *QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS)
+            exc_info = _interpreters.exec(self._interpreter_id, _run_func)
+            if exc_info:
+                raise BrokenWorkerInterpreter(exc_info)
+
+            res = _interpqueues.get(self._queue_id)
+            (res, is_exception), fmt = res[:2]
+            if fmt == FMT_PICKLED:
+                res = pickle.loads(res)
+
+            if is_exception:
+                raise res
+
+            return res
+else:
+
+    class _Worker:
+        last_used: float = 0
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            raise RuntimeError("subinterpreters require at least Python 3.13")
+
+        def call(
+            self,
+            func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
+            args: tuple[Any, ...],
+        ) -> T_Retval:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        def destroy(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+
+DEFAULT_CPU_COUNT: Final = 8  # this is just an arbitrarily selected value
+MAX_WORKER_IDLE_TIME = (
+    30  # seconds a subinterpreter can be idle before becoming eligible for pruning
+)
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+_idle_workers = RunVar[deque[_Worker]]("_available_workers")
+_default_interpreter_limiter = RunVar[CapacityLimiter]("_default_interpreter_limiter")
+
+
+def _stop_workers(workers: deque[_Worker]) -> None:
+    for worker in workers:
+        worker.destroy()
+
+    workers.clear()
+
+
+async def run_sync(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given arguments in a subinterpreter.
+
+    .. warning:: On Python 3.13, the :mod:`concurrent.interpreters` module was not yet
+        available, so the code path for that Python version relies on an undocumented,
+        private API. As such, it is recommended to not rely on this function for anything
+        mission-critical on Python 3.13.
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: the positional arguments for the callable
+    :param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total number of subinterpreters
+        running (if omitted, the default limiter is used)
+    :return: the result of the call
+    :raises BrokenWorkerInterpreter: if there's an internal error in a subinterpreter
+
+    """
+    if limiter is None:
+        limiter = current_default_interpreter_limiter()
+
+    try:
+        idle_workers = _idle_workers.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        idle_workers = deque()
+        _idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
+        atexit.register(_stop_workers, idle_workers)
+
+    async with limiter:
+        try:
+            worker = idle_workers.pop()
+        except IndexError:
+            worker = _Worker()
+
+    try:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            worker.call,
+            func,
+            args,
+            limiter=limiter,
+        )
+    finally:
+        # Prune workers that have been idle for too long
+        now = current_time()
+        while idle_workers:
+            if now - idle_workers[0].last_used <= MAX_WORKER_IDLE_TIME:
+                break
+
+            await to_thread.run_sync(idle_workers.popleft().destroy, limiter=limiter)
+
+        worker.last_used = current_time()
+        idle_workers.append(worker)
+
+
+def current_default_interpreter_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
+    """
+    Return the capacity limiter used by default to limit the number of concurrently
+    running subinterpreters.
+
+    Defaults to the number of CPU cores.
+
+    :return: a capacity limiter object
+
+    """
+    try:
+        return _default_interpreter_limiter.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        limiter = CapacityLimiter(os.cpu_count() or DEFAULT_CPU_COUNT)
+        _default_interpreter_limiter.set(limiter)
+        return limiter
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/to_process.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/to_process.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd65b18c64d7f8f102dae5e7ea0a775de5c5c7f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/to_process.py
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "current_default_process_limiter",
+    "process_worker",
+    "run_sync",
+)
+
+import os
+import pickle
+import runpy
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import TypeVar, cast
+
+from ._core._eventloop import current_time, get_async_backend, get_cancelled_exc_class
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerProcess
+from ._core._subprocesses import open_process
+from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope, fail_after
+from .abc import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream, Process
+from .lowlevel import RunVar, checkpoint_if_cancelled
+from .streams.buffered import BufferedByteReceiveStream
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME = 300  # 5 minutes
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+_process_pool_workers: RunVar[set[Process]] = RunVar("_process_pool_workers")
+_process_pool_idle_workers: RunVar[deque[tuple[Process, float]]] = RunVar(
+    "_process_pool_idle_workers"
+)
+_default_process_limiter: RunVar[CapacityLimiter] = RunVar("_default_process_limiter")
+
+
+async def run_sync(  # type: ignore[return]
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    cancellable: bool = False,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given arguments in a worker process.
+
+    If the ``cancellable`` option is enabled and the task waiting for its completion is
+    cancelled, the worker process running it will be abruptly terminated using SIGKILL
+    (or ``terminateProcess()`` on Windows).
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param cancellable: ``True`` to allow cancellation of the operation while it's
+        running
+    :param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total amount of processes
+        running (if omitted, the default limiter is used)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    :return: an awaitable that yields the return value of the function.
+
+    """
+
+    async def send_raw_command(pickled_cmd: bytes) -> object:
+        try:
+            await stdin.send(pickled_cmd)
+            response = await buffered.receive_until(b"\n", 50)
+            status, length = response.split(b" ")
+            if status not in (b"RETURN", b"EXCEPTION"):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Worker process returned unexpected response: {response!r}"
+                )
+
+            pickled_response = await buffered.receive_exactly(int(length))
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            workers.discard(process)
+            try:
+                process.kill()
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    await process.aclose()
+            except ProcessLookupError:
+                pass
+
+            if isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+                raise
+            else:
+                raise BrokenWorkerProcess from exc
+
+        retval = pickle.loads(pickled_response)
+        if status == b"EXCEPTION":
+            assert isinstance(retval, BaseException)
+            raise retval
+        else:
+            return retval
+
+    # First pickle the request before trying to reserve a worker process
+    await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+    request = pickle.dumps(("run", func, args), protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+
+    # If this is the first run in this event loop thread, set up the necessary variables
+    try:
+        workers = _process_pool_workers.get()
+        idle_workers = _process_pool_idle_workers.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        workers = set()
+        idle_workers = deque()
+        _process_pool_workers.set(workers)
+        _process_pool_idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
+        get_async_backend().setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(workers)
+
+    async with limiter or current_default_process_limiter():
+        # Pop processes from the pool (starting from the most recently used) until we
+        # find one that hasn't exited yet
+        process: Process
+        while idle_workers:
+            process, idle_since = idle_workers.pop()
+            if process.returncode is None:
+                stdin = cast(ByteSendStream, process.stdin)
+                buffered = BufferedByteReceiveStream(
+                    cast(ByteReceiveStream, process.stdout)
+                )
+
+                # Prune any other workers that have been idle for WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME
+                # seconds or longer
+                now = current_time()
+                killed_processes: list[Process] = []
+                while idle_workers:
+                    if now - idle_workers[0][1] < WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME:
+                        break
+
+                    process_to_kill, idle_since = idle_workers.popleft()
+                    process_to_kill.kill()
+                    workers.remove(process_to_kill)
+                    killed_processes.append(process_to_kill)
+
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    for killed_process in killed_processes:
+                        await killed_process.aclose()
+
+                break
+
+            workers.remove(process)
+        else:
+            command = [sys.executable, "-u", "-m", __name__]
+            process = await open_process(
+                command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            try:
+                stdin = cast(ByteSendStream, process.stdin)
+                buffered = BufferedByteReceiveStream(
+                    cast(ByteReceiveStream, process.stdout)
+                )
+                with fail_after(20):
+                    message = await buffered.receive(6)
+
+                if message != b"READY\n":
+                    raise BrokenWorkerProcess(
+                        f"Worker process returned unexpected response: {message!r}"
+                    )
+
+                main_module_path = getattr(sys.modules["__main__"], "__file__", None)
+                pickled = pickle.dumps(
+                    ("init", sys.path, main_module_path),
+                    protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL,
+                )
+                await send_raw_command(pickled)
+            except (BrokenWorkerProcess, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                process.kill()
+                raise BrokenWorkerProcess(
+                    "Error during worker process initialization"
+                ) from exc
+
+            workers.add(process)
+
+        with CancelScope(shield=not cancellable):
+            try:
+                return cast(T_Retval, await send_raw_command(request))
+            finally:
+                if process in workers:
+                    idle_workers.append((process, current_time()))
+
+
+def current_default_process_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
+    """
+    Return the capacity limiter that is used by default to limit the number of worker
+    processes.
+
+    :return: a capacity limiter object
+
+    """
+    try:
+        return _default_process_limiter.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        limiter = CapacityLimiter(os.cpu_count() or 2)
+        _default_process_limiter.set(limiter)
+        return limiter
+
+
+def process_worker() -> None:
+    # Redirect standard streams to os.devnull so that user code won't interfere with the
+    # parent-worker communication
+    stdin = sys.stdin
+    stdout = sys.stdout
+    sys.stdin = open(os.devnull)
+    sys.stdout = open(os.devnull, "w")
+
+    stdout.buffer.write(b"READY\n")
+    while True:
+        retval = exception = None
+        try:
+            command, *args = pickle.load(stdin.buffer)
+        except EOFError:
+            return
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            exception = exc
+        else:
+            if command == "run":
+                func, args = args
+                try:
+                    retval = func(*args)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exception = exc
+            elif command == "init":
+                main_module_path: str | None
+                sys.path, main_module_path = args
+                del sys.modules["__main__"]
+                if main_module_path and os.path.isfile(main_module_path):
+                    # Load the parent's main module but as __mp_main__ instead of
+                    # __main__ (like multiprocessing does) to avoid infinite recursion
+                    try:
+                        main = ModuleType("__mp_main__")
+                        main_content = runpy.run_path(
+                            main_module_path, run_name="__mp_main__"
+                        )
+                        main.__dict__.update(main_content)
+                        sys.modules["__main__"] = sys.modules["__mp_main__"] = main
+                    except BaseException as exc:
+                        exception = exc
+        try:
+            if exception is not None:
+                status = b"EXCEPTION"
+                pickled = pickle.dumps(exception, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+            else:
+                status = b"RETURN"
+                pickled = pickle.dumps(retval, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            exception = exc
+            status = b"EXCEPTION"
+            pickled = pickle.dumps(exc, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+
+        stdout.buffer.write(b"%s %d\n" % (status, len(pickled)))
+        stdout.buffer.write(pickled)
+
+        # Respect SIGTERM
+        if isinstance(exception, SystemExit):
+            raise exception
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    process_worker()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/to_thread.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/to_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83c79d1cd4029ccdaf23b22a9ad10074a0979ec2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/anyio/to_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "run_sync",
+    "current_default_thread_limiter",
+)
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import TypeVar
+from warnings import warn
+
+from ._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from .abc import CapacityLimiter
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+
+async def run_sync(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+    cancellable: bool | None = None,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given arguments in a worker thread.
+
+    If the ``abandon_on_cancel`` option is enabled and the task waiting for its
+    completion is cancelled, the thread will still run its course but its
+    return value (or any raised exception) will be ignored.
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param abandon_on_cancel: ``True`` to abandon the thread (leaving it to run
+        unchecked on own) if the host task is cancelled, ``False`` to ignore
+        cancellations in the host task until the operation has completed in the worker
+        thread
+    :param cancellable: deprecated alias of ``abandon_on_cancel``; will override
+        ``abandon_on_cancel`` if both parameters are passed
+    :param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total amount of threads running
+        (if omitted, the default limiter is used)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    :return: an awaitable that yields the return value of the function.
+
+    """
+    if cancellable is not None:
+        abandon_on_cancel = cancellable
+        warn(
+            "The `cancellable=` keyword argument to `anyio.to_thread.run_sync` is "
+            "deprecated since AnyIO 4.1.0; use `abandon_on_cancel=` instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return await get_async_backend().run_sync_in_worker_thread(
+        func, args, abandon_on_cancel=abandon_on_cancel, limiter=limiter
+    )
+
+
+def current_default_thread_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
+    """
+    Return the capacity limiter that is used by default to limit the number of
+    concurrent threads.
+
+    :return: a capacity limiter object
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().current_default_thread_limiter()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c69047b2eb8235994febeeae1da4a82365a240a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uv
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d4f101491901a541d2e0afd4a976212e85bbe60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: certifi
+Version: 2026.6.17
+Summary: Python package for providing Mozilla's CA Bundle.
+Home-page: https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi
+Author: Kenneth Reitz
+Author-email: me@kennethreitz.com
+License: MPL-2.0
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL 2.0)
+Classifier: Natural Language :: English
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+License-File: LICENSE
+Dynamic: author
+Dynamic: author-email
+Dynamic: classifier
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: home-page
+Dynamic: license
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: project-url
+Dynamic: requires-python
+Dynamic: summary
+
+Certifi: Python SSL Certificates
+================================
+
+Certifi provides Mozilla's carefully curated collection of Root Certificates for
+validating the trustworthiness of SSL certificates while verifying the identity
+of TLS hosts. It has been extracted from the `Requests`_ project.
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+``certifi`` is available on PyPI. Simply install it with ``pip``::
+
+    $ pip install certifi
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+To reference the installed certificate authority (CA) bundle, you can use the
+built-in function::
+
+    >>> import certifi
+
+    >>> certifi.where()
+    '/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem'
+
+Or from the command line::
+
+    $ python -m certifi
+    /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
+
+Enjoy!
+
+.. _`Requests`: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+
+Addition/Removal of Certificates
+--------------------------------
+
+Certifi does not support any addition/removal or other modification of the
+CA trust store content. This project is intended to provide a reliable and
+highly portable root of trust to python deployments. Look to upstream projects
+for methods to use alternate trust.
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..13b0ce7da453193228125f6223c853b8728d370a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=5hhM4Q4mYTT9z6QB6PGpUAW81PGNFrYrdXMj4oM_6ak,2
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=6hXAnt0a2el7xm2e9xvPuRCntZLjdKCkN81e47E0wN8,2474
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD,,
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=aeYiig01lYGDzBgS8HxWXOg3uV61G9ijOsup-k9o1sk,91
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=6TcW2mucDVpKHfYP5pWzcPBpVgPSH2-D8FPkLPwQyvc,989
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=KMu4vUCfsjLrkPbSNdgdekS-pVJzBAJFO__nI8NF6-U,8
+certifi/__init__.py,sha256=-W1R_y8WCaSkT1tdjuxH_zTBZY1YH6xQgdN1nbBajOE,94
+certifi/__main__.py,sha256=xBBoj905TUWBLRGANOcf7oi6e-3dMP4cEoG9OyMs11g,243
+certifi/cacert.pem,sha256=u8fpwB11UbuKFZtd7dmJuO484QWv9SK2jrGwG_hUyrA,234354
+certifi/core.py,sha256=XFXycndG5pf37ayeF8N32HUuDafsyhkVMbO4BAPWHa0,3394
+certifi/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/REQUESTED b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14a883f292bc96b20c2b76a3081991f2676523a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (82.0.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62b076cdee58ec8f34034141ba0befd9015b0c7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+This package contains a modified version of ca-bundle.crt:
+
+ca-bundle.crt -- Bundle of CA Root Certificates
+
+This is a bundle of X.509 certificates of public Certificate Authorities
+(CA). These were automatically extracted from Mozilla's root certificates
+file (certdata.txt).  This file can be found in the mozilla source tree:
+https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt
+It contains the certificates in PEM format and therefore
+can be directly used with curl / libcurl / php_curl, or with
+an Apache+mod_ssl webserver for SSL client authentication.
+Just configure this file as the SSLCACertificateFile.#
+
+***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
+This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License,
+v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can obtain
+one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****
+@(#) $RCSfile: certdata.txt,v $ $Revision: 1.80 $ $Date: 2011/11/03 15:11:58 $
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..963eac530b9bc28d704d1bc410299c68e3216d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+certifi
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed9a74b7a0f6de9b21e0f79f4c4799952123a78b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .core import contents, where
+
+__all__ = ["contents", "where"]
+__version__ = "2026.06.17"
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/__main__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8945b5da857f4a7dec2b84f1225f012f6098418c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import argparse
+
+from certifi import contents, where
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+parser.add_argument("-c", "--contents", action="store_true")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+if args.contents:
+    print(contents())
+else:
+    print(where())
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c2dbfeb6802cb9f18360d7e922a26cd30648e88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,3863 @@
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 41578283867086692638256921589707938090
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 7c:62:ff:74:9d:31:53:5e:68:4a:d5:78:aa:1e:bf:23
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9f:74:4e:9f:2b:4d:ba:ec:0f:31:2c:50:b6:56:3b:8e:2d:93:c3:11
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 17:93:92:7a:06:14:54:97:89:ad:ce:2f:8f:34:f7:f0:b6:6d:0f:3a:e3:a3:b8:4d:21:ec:15:db:ba:4f:ad:c7
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Subject: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Label: "NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny"
+# Serial: 80544274841616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c5:a1:b7:ff:73:dd:d6:d7:34:32:18:df:fc:3c:ad:88
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Subject: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Label: "Security Communication RootCA2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Subject: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Label: "Actalis Authentication Root CA"
+# Serial: 6271844772424770508
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 2 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 3 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3d:3b:18:9e:2c:64:5a:e8:d5:88:ce:0e:f9:37:c2:ec
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ca:fb:40:a8:4e:39:92:8a:1d:fe:8e:2f:c4:27:ea:ef
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 55:a6:72:3e:cb:f2:ec:cd:c3:23:74:70:19:9d:2a:be:11:e3:81:d1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009"
+# Serial: 623603
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009"
+# Serial: 623604
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Subject: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Label: "CA Disig Root R2"
+# Serial: 10572350602393338211
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 26:01:fb:d8:27:a7:17:9a:45:54:38:1a:43:01:3b:03
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Label: "ACCVRAIZ1"
+# Serial: 6828503384748696800
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Global Root CA"
+# Serial: 3262
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f9:03:7e:cf:e6:9e:3c:73:7a:2a:90:07:69:ff:2b:96
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot 2011"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3"
+# Serial: 687049649626669250736271037606554624078720034195
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3"
+# Serial: 390156079458959257446133169266079962026824725800
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3"
+# Serial: 268090761170461462463995952157327242137089239581
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G2"
+# Serial: 15385348160840213938643033620894905419
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 92:38:b9:f8:63:24:82:65:2c:57:33:e6:fe:81:8f:9d
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a1:4b:48:d9:43:ee:0a:0e:40:90:4f:3c:e0:a4:c0:91:93:51:5d:3f
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G3"
+# Serial: 15459312981008553731928384953135426796
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 7c:7f:65:31:0c:81:df:8d:ba:3e:99:e2:5c:ad:6e:fb
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G2"
+# Serial: 4293743540046975378534879503202253541
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e4:a6:8a:c8:54:ac:52:42:46:0a:fd:72:48:1b:2a:44
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G3"
+# Serial: 7089244469030293291760083333884364146
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f5:5d:a4:50:a5:fb:28:7e:1e:0f:0d:cc:96:57:56:ca
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Trusted Root G4"
+# Serial: 7451500558977370777930084869016614236
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 78:f2:fc:aa:60:1f:2f:b4:eb:c9:37:ba:53:2e:75:49
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 101909084537582093308941363524873193117
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:31:b0:71:40:36:cc:14:36:91:ad:c4:3e:fd:ec:18
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: af:e5:d2:44:a8:d1:19:42:30:ff:47:9f:e2:f8:97:bb:cd:7a:8c:b4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 2645093764781058787591871645665788717
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:fe:69:d1:91:b7:19:33:a3:72:a8:0f:e1:55:e5:b5
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 123013823720199481456569720443997572134
+# MD5 Fingerprint: fa:68:bc:d9:b5:7f:ad:fd:c9:1d:06:83:28:cc:24:c1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5"
+# Serial: 32785792099990507226680698011560947931244
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 9f:ad:3b:1c:02:1e:8a:ba:17:74:38:81:0c:a2:bc:08
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390520003877796839426
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b3:3e:77:73:75:ee:a0:d3:e3:7e:49:63:49:59:bb:c7
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390521976156843933698
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 37:06:a5:b0:fc:89:9d:ba:f4:6b:8c:1a:64:cd:d5:ba
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Label: "CFCA EV ROOT"
+# Serial: 407555286
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 74:e1:b6:ed:26:7a:7a:44:30:33:94:ab:7b:27:81:30
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: e2:b8:29:4b:55:84:ab:6b:58:c2:90:46:6c:ac:3f:b8:39:8f:84:83
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA 2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions RootCA 2015 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions Cert. Authority
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+# Label: "Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions ECC RootCA 2015"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=ISRG Root X1 O=Internet Security Research Group
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+# Issuer: O=FNMT-RCM OU=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM
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+# Label: "AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 1 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 1 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 143266978916655856878034712317230054538369994
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 43:c6:bf:ae:ec:fe:ad:2f:18:c6:88:68:30:fc:c8:e6
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 2"
+# Serial: 143266982885963551818349160658925006970653239
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 143266986699090766294700635381230934788665930
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a0:d4:ef:0b:f7:b5:d8:49:95:2a:ec:f5:c4:fc:81:87
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 4"
+# Serial: 143266989758080763974105200630763877849284878
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Subject: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Label: "TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: dc:00:81:dc:69:2f:3e:2f:b0:3b:f6:3d:5a:91:8e:49
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 31:43:64:9b:ec:ce:27:ec:ed:3a:3f:0b:8f:0d:e4:e8:91:dd:ee:ca
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 46:ed:c3:68:90:46:d5:3a:45:3f:b3:10:4a:b8:0d:ca:ec:65:8b:26:60:ea:16:29:dd:7e:86:79:90:64:87:16
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT"
+# Serial: 9009899650740120186
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 63:cc:d9:3d:34:35:5c:6f:53:a3:e2:08:70:48:1f:b4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0f:36:38:5b:81:1a:25:c3:9b:31:4e:83:ca:e9:34:66:70:cc:74:b4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA"
+# Serial: 8875640296558310041
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 86:69:12:c0:70:f1:ec:ac:ac:c2:d5:bc:a5:5b:a1:29
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b7:ab:33:08:d1:ea:44:77:ba:14:80:12:5a:6f:bd:a9:36:49:0c:bb
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 85:66:6a:56:2e:e0:be:5c:e9:25:c1:d8:89:0a:6f:76:a8:7e:c1:6d:4d:7d:5f:29:ea:74:19:cf:20:12:3b:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 8495723813297216424
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2e:da:e4:39:7f:9c:8f:37:d1:70:9f:26:17:51:3a:8e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: c3:19:7c:39:24:e6:54:af:1b:c4:ab:20:95:7a:e2:c3:0e:13:02:6a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 34:17:bb:06:cc:60:07:da:1b:96:1c:92:0b:8a:b4:ce:3f:ad:82:0e:4a:a3:0b:9a:cb:c4:a7:4e:bd:ce:bc:65
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2"
+# Serial: 6248227494352943350
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e1:1e:31:58:1a:ae:54:53:02:f6:17:6a:11:7b:4d:95
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 74:3a:f0:52:9b:d0:32:a0:f4:4a:83:cd:d4:ba:a9:7b:7c:2e:c4:9a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2e:7b:f1:6c:c2:24:85:a7:bb:e2:aa:86:96:75:07:61:b0:ae:39:be:3b:2f:e9:d0:cc:6d:4e:f7:34:91:42:5c
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 3182246526754555285
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 59:53:22:65:83:42:01:54:c0:ce:42:b9:5a:7c:f2:90
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 4c:dd:51:a3:d1:f5:20:32:14:b0:c6:c5:32:23:03:91:c7:46:42:6d
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R6"
+# Serial: 1417766617973444989252670301619537
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 4f:dd:07:e4:d4:22:64:39:1e:0c:37:42:ea:d1:c6:ae
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 80:94:64:0e:b5:a7:a1:ca:11:9c:1f:dd:d5:9f:81:02:63:a7:fb:d1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA"
+# Serial: 44084345621038548146064804565436152554
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a9:d6:b9:2d:2f:93:64:f8:a5:69:ca:91:e9:68:07:23
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: e0:11:84:5e:34:de:be:88:81:b9:9c:f6:16:26:d1:96:1f:c3:b9:31
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Global G2 Root"
+# Serial: 124779693093741543919145257850076631279
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 80:fe:f0:c4:4a:f0:5c:62:32:9f:1c:ba:78:a9:50:f8
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Extended Validation Root"
+# Serial: 106100277556486529736699587978573607008
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a1:f3:5f:43:c6:34:9b:da:bf:8c:7e:05:53:ad:96:e2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
+# Subject: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
+# Label: "Certigna Root CA"
+# Serial: 269714418870597844693661054334862075617
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 0e:5c:30:62:27:eb:5b:bc:d7:ae:62:ba:e9:d5:df:77
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - G1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - G3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - C1"
+# Serial: 825510296613316004955058
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - C3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Subject: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Label: "Hongkong Post Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 46170865288971385588281144162979347873371282084
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 136839042543790627607696632466672567020
+# MD5 Fingerprint: dd:a1:03:e6:4a:93:10:d1:bf:f0:19:42:cb:fe:ed:67
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 40975477897264996090493496164228220339
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 10:ff:00:ff:cf:c9:f8:c7:7a:c0:ee:35:8e:c9:0f:47
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 73:a5:e6:4a:3b:ff:83:16:ff:0e:dc:cc:61:8a:90:6e:4e:ae:4d:74
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "e-Szigno Root CA 2017"
+# Serial: 411379200276854331539784714
+# MD5 Fingerprint: de:1f:f6:9e:84:ae:a7:b4:21:ce:1e:58:7d:d1:84:98
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 89:d4:83:03:4f:9e:9a:48:80:5f:72:37:d4:a9:a6:ef:cb:7c:1f:d1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Subject: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Label: "certSIGN Root CA G2"
+# Serial: 313609486401300475190
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 8c:f1:75:8a:c6:19:cf:94:b7:f7:65:20:87:c3:97:c7
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Subject: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Label: "NAVER Global Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 9013692873798656336226253319739695165984492813
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c8:7e:41:f6:25:3b:f5:09:b3:17:e8:46:3d:bf:d0:9b
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 8f:6b:f2:a9:27:4a:da:14:a0:c4:f4:8e:61:27:f9:c0:1e:78:5d:d1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Subject: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Label: "AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS"
+# Serial: 131542671362353147877283741781055151509
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 19:36:9c:52:03:2f:d2:d1:bb:23:cc:dd:1e:12:55:bb
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 62:ff:d9:9e:c0:65:0d:03:ce:75:93:d2:ed:3f:2d:32:c9:e3:e5:4a
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root R46"
+# Serial: 1552617688466950547958867513931858518042577
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c4:14:30:e4:fa:66:43:94:2a:6a:1b:24:5f:19:d0:ef
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root E46"
+# Serial: 1552617690338932563915843282459653771421763
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Subject: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Label: "ANF Secure Server Root CA"
+# Serial: 996390341000653745
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum EC-384 CA"
+# Serial: 160250656287871593594747141429395092468
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b6:65:b3:96:60:97:12:a1:ec:4e:e1:3d:a3:c6:c9:f1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Root CA"
+# Serial: 40870380103424195783807378461123655149
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 51:e1:c2:e7:fe:4c:84:af:59:0e:2f:f4:54:6f:ea:29
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Subject: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Label: "TunTrust Root CA"
+# Serial: 108534058042236574382096126452369648152337120275
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 85:13:b9:90:5b:36:5c:b6:5e:b8:5a:f8:e0:31:57:b4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021"
+# Serial: 76817823531813593706434026085292783742
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021"
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+# Issuer: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Subject: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Label: "Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=vTrus ECC Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus ECC Root CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus Root CA"
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+
+# Issuer: CN=ISRG Root X2 O=Internet Security Research Group
+# Subject: CN=ISRG Root X2 O=Internet Security Research Group
+# Label: "ISRG Root X2"
+# Serial: 87493402998870891108772069816698636114
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HiPKI Root CA - G1 O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=HiPKI Root CA - G1 O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "HiPKI Root CA - G1"
+# Serial: 60966262342023497858655262305426234976
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 69:45:df:16:65:4b:e8:68:9a:8f:76:5f:ff:80:9e:d3
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4"
+# Serial: 159662223612894884239637590694
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 26:29:f8:6d:e1:88:bf:a2:65:7f:aa:c4:cd:0f:7f:fc
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R1"
+# Serial: 159662320309726417404178440727
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R3"
+# Serial: 159662495401136852707857743206
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R4"
+# Serial: 159662532700760215368942768210
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Subject: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Label: "Telia Root CA v2"
+# Serial: 7288924052977061235122729490515358
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 165870826978392376648679885835942448534
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 126288379621884218666039612629459926992
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5"
+# Serial: 13129116028163249804115411775095713523
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5"
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+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Subject: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Label: "Certainly Root R1"
+# Serial: 188833316161142517227353805653483829216
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root E1 O=Certainly
+# Subject: CN=Certainly Root E1 O=Certainly
+# Label: "Certainly Root E1"
+# Serial: 8168531406727139161245376702891150584
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Security Communication ECC RootCA1 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=Security Communication ECC RootCA1 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "Security Communication ECC RootCA1"
+# Serial: 15446673492073852651
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA1"
+# Serial: 113562791157148395269083148143378328608
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA2"
+# Serial: 58605626836079930195615843123109055211
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 5e:0a:f6:47:5f:a6:14:e8:11:01:95:3f:4d:01:eb:3c
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Subject: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46"
+# Serial: 88989738453351742415770396670917916916
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Subject: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46"
+# Serial: 156256931880233212765902055439220583700
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 32:10:09:52:00:d5:7e:6c:43:df:15:c0:b1:16:93:e5
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 148535279242832292258835760425842727825
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d8:4e:c6:59:30:d8:fe:a0:d6:7a:5a:2c:2c:69:78:da
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: ec:2c:83:40:72:af:26:95:10:ff:0e:f2:03:ee:31:70:f6:78:9d:ca
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 26605119622390491762507526719404364228
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 99:d7:5c:f1:51:36:cc:e9:ce:d9:19:2e:77:71:56:c5
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9f:5f:d9:1a:54:6d:f5:0c:71:f0:ee:7a:bd:17:49:98:84:73:e2:39
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: c3:2f:fd:9f:46:f9:36:d1:6c:36:73:99:09:59:43:4b:9a:d6:0a:af:bb:9e:7c:f3:36:54:f1:44:cc:1b:a1:43
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021"
+# Serial: 111436099570196163832749341232207667876
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+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G3 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G3 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia Global Root CA G3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G4 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G4 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia Global Root CA G4"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Subject: CN=Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Label: "Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020"
+# Serial: 72082518505882327255703894282316633856
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Subject: CN=Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Label: "Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023"
+# Serial: 44676229530606711399881795178081572759
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TWCA CYBER Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA CYBER Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA CYBER Root CA"
+# Serial: 85076849864375384482682434040119489222
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=SecureSign Root CA14 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=SecureSign Root CA14 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "SecureSign Root CA14"
+# Serial: 575790784512929437950770173562378038616896959179
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureSign Root CA15 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=SecureSign Root CA15 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "SecureSign Root CA15"
+# Serial: 126083514594751269499665114766174399806381178503
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST BR Root CA 2 2023"
+# Serial: 153168538924886464690566649552453098598
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia TLS ECC Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia TLS ECC Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia TLS ECC Root CA"
+# Serial: 310892014698942880364840003424242768478804666567
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia TLS RSA Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia TLS RSA Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia TLS RSA Root CA"
+# Serial: 160405846464868906657516898462547310235378010780
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST EV Root CA 2 2023"
+# Serial: 139766439402180512324132425437959641711
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 96:b4:78:09:f0:09:cb:77:eb:bb:1b:4d:6f:36:bc:b6
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a5:5b:d8:47:6c:8f:19:f7:4c:f4:6d:6b:b6:c2:79:82:22:df:54:8b
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 8e:82:21:b2:e7:d4:00:78:36:a1:67:2f:0d:cc:29:9c:33:bc:07:d3:16:f1:32:fa:1a:20:6d:58:71:50:f1:ce
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SwissSign RSA TLS Root CA 2022 - 1 O=SwissSign AG
+# Subject: CN=SwissSign RSA TLS Root CA 2022 - 1 O=SwissSign AG
+# Label: "SwissSign RSA TLS Root CA 2022 - 1"
+# Serial: 388078645722908516278762308316089881486363258315
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 16:2e:e4:19:76:81:85:ba:8e:91:58:f1:15:ef:72:39
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 81:34:0a:be:4c:cd:ce:cc:e7:7d:cc:8a:d4:57:e2:45:a0:77:5d:ce
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 19:31:44:f4:31:e0:fd:db:74:07:17:d4:de:92:6a:57:11:33:88:4b:43:60:d3:0e:27:29:13:cb:e6:60:ce:41
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE Server Root ECC G1 O=OISTE Foundation
+# Subject: CN=OISTE Server Root ECC G1 O=OISTE Foundation
+# Label: "OISTE Server Root ECC G1"
+# Serial: 47819833811561661340092227008453318557
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 42:a7:d2:35:ae:02:92:db:19:76:08:de:2f:05:b4:d4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 3b:f6:8b:09:ae:2a:92:7b:ba:e3:8d:3f:11:95:d9:e6:44:0c:45:e2
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: ee:c9:97:c0:c3:0f:21:6f:7e:3b:8b:30:7d:2b:ae:42:41:2d:75:3f:c8:21:9d:af:d1:52:0b:25:72:85:0f:49
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE Server Root RSA G1 O=OISTE Foundation
+# Subject: CN=OISTE Server Root RSA G1 O=OISTE Foundation
+# Label: "OISTE Server Root RSA G1"
+# Serial: 113845518112613905024960613408179309848
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 23:a7:9e:d4:70:b8:b9:14:57:41:8a:7e:44:59:e2:68
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f7:00:34:25:94:88:68:31:e4:34:87:3f:70:fe:86:b3:86:9f:f0:6e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 9a:e3:62:32:a5:18:9f:fd:db:35:3d:fd:26:52:0c:01:53:95:d2:27:77:da:c5:9d:b5:7b:98:c0:89:a6:51:e6
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=e-Szigno TLS Root CA 2023 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=e-Szigno TLS Root CA 2023 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "e-Szigno TLS Root CA 2023"
+# Serial: 71934828665710877219916191754
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 6a:e9:99:74:a5:da:5e:f1:d9:2e:f2:c8:d1:86:8b:71
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 6f:9a:d5:d5:df:e8:2c:eb:be:37:07:ee:4f:4f:52:58:29:41:d1:fe
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: b4:91:41:50:2d:00:66:3d:74:0f:2e:7e:c3:40:c5:28:00:96:26:66:12:1a:36:d0:9c:f7:dd:2b:90:38:4f:b4
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/core.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c9661cc7c2f6917c2506a30b2710002f81ab23a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+certifi.py
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module returns the installation location of cacert.pem or its contents.
+"""
+import sys
+import atexit
+
+def exit_cacert_ctx() -> None:
+    _CACERT_CTX.__exit__(None, None, None)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+
+    from importlib.resources import as_file, files
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the file
+        # in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until someone
+        # actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract the file
+        # on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store it in a
+        # global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you to
+            # manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually return a
+            # path, it returns a context manager that will give you the path
+            # when you enter it and will do any cleanup when you leave it. In
+            # the common case of not needing a temporary file, it will just
+            # return the file system location and the __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = as_file(files("certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem"))
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+            atexit.register(exit_cacert_ctx)
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return files("certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem").read_text(encoding="ascii")
+
+else:
+
+    from importlib.resources import path as get_path, read_text
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the
+        # file in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until
+        # someone actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract
+        # the file on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store
+        # it in a global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you
+            # to manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually
+            # return a path, it returns a context manager that will give
+            # you the path when you enter it and will do any cleanup when
+            # you leave it. In the common case of not needing a temporary
+            # file, it will just return the file system location and the
+            # __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = get_path("certifi", "cacert.pem")
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+            atexit.register(exit_cacert_ctx)
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return read_text("certifi", "cacert.pem", encoding="ascii")
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/py.typed b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/certifi/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c69047b2eb8235994febeeae1da4a82365a240a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uv
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fb06f0478b071761108832c2c0099cc5967ee6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: click
+Version: 8.4.2
+Summary: Composable command line interface toolkit
+Maintainer-email: Pallets <contact@palletsprojects.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Requires-Dist: colorama; platform_system == 'Windows'
+Project-URL: Changes, https://click.palletsprojects.com/page/changes/
+Project-URL: Chat, https://discord.gg/pallets
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://click.palletsprojects.com/
+Project-URL: Donate, https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pallets/click/
+
+<div align="center"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pallets/click/refs/heads/stable/docs/_static/click-name.svg" alt="" height="150"></div>
+
+# Click
+
+Click is a Python package for creating beautiful command line interfaces
+in a composable way with as little code as necessary. It's the "Command
+Line Interface Creation Kit". It's highly configurable but comes with
+sensible defaults out of the box.
+
+It aims to make the process of writing command line tools quick and fun
+while also preventing any frustration caused by the inability to
+implement an intended CLI API.
+
+Click in three points:
+
+-   Arbitrary nesting of commands
+-   Automatic help page generation
+-   Supports lazy loading of subcommands at runtime
+
+
+## A Simple Example
+
+```python
+import click
+
+@click.command()
+@click.option("--count", default=1, help="Number of greetings.")
+@click.option("--name", prompt="Your name", help="The person to greet.")
+def hello(count, name):
+    """Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times."""
+    for _ in range(count):
+        click.echo(f"Hello, {name}!")
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    hello()
+```
+
+```
+$ python hello.py --count=3
+Your name: Click
+Hello, Click!
+Hello, Click!
+Hello, Click!
+```
+
+
+## Donate
+
+The Pallets organization develops and supports Click and other popular
+packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and
+allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, [please
+donate today][].
+
+[please donate today]: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+
+## Contributing
+
+See our [detailed contributing documentation][contrib] for many ways to
+contribute, including reporting issues, requesting features, asking or answering
+questions, and making PRs.
+
+[contrib]: https://palletsprojects.com/contributing/
+
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3746bb142f54b7904709240ce243bb08747dc3c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+click-8.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=5hhM4Q4mYTT9z6QB6PGpUAW81PGNFrYrdXMj4oM_6ak,2
+click-8.4.2.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=GUyd2B1Wf5CB8CbH5AEGD7r6e8FHyOClizZotApkwDE,2621
+click-8.4.2.dist-info/RECORD,,
+click-8.4.2.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+click-8.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=G2gURzTEtmeR8nrdXUJfNiB3VYVxigPQ-bEQujpNiNs,82
+click-8.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt,sha256=morRBqOU6FO_4h9C9OctWSgZoigF2ZG18ydQKSkrZY0,1475
+click/__init__.py,sha256=FId2fXCSJB3yeWD-e2uON-mBhFa2Yc9MvXGmHu8OXG0,4634
+click/_compat.py,sha256=gPNtXQ9q-G6Qil2b-MC5CsHsGGcQ4u6YSWy9_tlmuhc,18879
+click/_termui_impl.py,sha256=CGdg24AeXijeGSzbu0Z7x3c4aaahVFjVBpEbbjhQ5K4,31730
+click/_textwrap.py,sha256=7Z0N7Vmn-66TNSTUwp6OXJbcUXRmYET9h9c2ucD8oQQ,6270
+click/_utils.py,sha256=eCZCtwJtsYD5QYkkNWJ8MY_8ABIjy8MczgMMyVY32rQ,996
+click/_winconsole.py,sha256=KSxfNbMlYRa6GOJuCLgsg2Pb3dVkgJNPqLJPae-Pa10,8543
+click/core.py,sha256=rZz76ihNTFV4Y2sxp3H-m93GxL2acD5Pqs0IobEvmuk,140616
+click/decorators.py,sha256=9e1Ndu4jhGAcP6RGdNPAwAWtuP9hEs4ETp1u3lKmH1o,19709
+click/exceptions.py,sha256=HvSY34G4auj_bYRR8-T8CU8Jwq_1-OcsRU4ezfozeEk,11862
+click/formatting.py,sha256=8SW2KGkvjfz9Q1NbeojMHuZBN0cfnQJDs4mqDP6oXms,10444
+click/globals.py,sha256=gM-Nh6A4M0HB_SgkaF5M4ncGGMDHc_flHXu9_oh4GEU,1923
+click/parser.py,sha256=oJ-fU_3mvxugIuNtHaCATZ56lgEmHRggjJiSqEgYrjA,19052
+click/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+click/shell_completion.py,sha256=5tGGY5pV3mAZ17xT23OnuKrWqzEyyLVtrJ30npUxjkU,22618
+click/termui.py,sha256=Vn9ehmrQl92z2_6R4bVZOsHUI6j8LrT8u0RzNZUpCvY,33213
+click/testing.py,sha256=S9I-pspAlJH3RvZJWDQoJXb-M0nrAEJzXcUzrVXsT34,26458
+click/types.py,sha256=9G4DB-nBj-omA_XWsYwbQ3H9BkpH82wJj-kxIPScKmA,44788
+click/utils.py,sha256=XwrDxOzU__rnHn-rvJmJcD7ecbypUKMeDJQRjN2F-OA,20942
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/REQUESTED b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d8b9936dad9ab2513fa6979f411560d3b6b57e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.12.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d12a849186982399c537c5b9a8fd77bf2edd5eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click-8.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2014 Pallets
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3.  Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64be7e0c3c942191ed1e2259b96c6225679ae317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+"""
+Click is a simple Python module inspired by the stdlib optparse to make
+writing command line scripts fun. Unlike other modules, it's based
+around a simple API that does not come with too much magic and is
+composable.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from .core import Argument as Argument
+from .core import Command as Command
+from .core import CommandCollection as CommandCollection
+from .core import Context as Context
+from .core import Group as Group
+from .core import Option as Option
+from .core import Parameter as Parameter
+from .core import ParameterSource as ParameterSource
+from .decorators import argument as argument
+from .decorators import command as command
+from .decorators import confirmation_option as confirmation_option
+from .decorators import group as group
+from .decorators import help_option as help_option
+from .decorators import make_pass_decorator as make_pass_decorator
+from .decorators import option as option
+from .decorators import pass_context as pass_context
+from .decorators import pass_obj as pass_obj
+from .decorators import password_option as password_option
+from .decorators import version_option as version_option
+from .exceptions import Abort as Abort
+from .exceptions import BadArgumentUsage as BadArgumentUsage
+from .exceptions import BadOptionUsage as BadOptionUsage
+from .exceptions import BadParameter as BadParameter
+from .exceptions import ClickException as ClickException
+from .exceptions import FileError as FileError
+from .exceptions import MissingParameter as MissingParameter
+from .exceptions import NoSuchCommand as NoSuchCommand
+from .exceptions import NoSuchOption as NoSuchOption
+from .exceptions import UsageError as UsageError
+from .formatting import HelpFormatter as HelpFormatter
+from .formatting import wrap_text as wrap_text
+from .globals import get_current_context as get_current_context
+from .termui import clear as clear
+from .termui import confirm as confirm
+from .termui import echo_via_pager as echo_via_pager
+from .termui import edit as edit
+from .termui import get_pager_file as get_pager_file
+from .termui import getchar as getchar
+from .termui import launch as launch
+from .termui import pause as pause
+from .termui import progressbar as progressbar
+from .termui import prompt as prompt
+from .termui import secho as secho
+from .termui import style as style
+from .termui import unstyle as unstyle
+from .types import BOOL as BOOL
+from .types import Choice as Choice
+from .types import DateTime as DateTime
+from .types import File as File
+from .types import FLOAT as FLOAT
+from .types import FloatRange as FloatRange
+from .types import INT as INT
+from .types import IntRange as IntRange
+from .types import ParamType as ParamType
+from .types import Path as Path
+from .types import STRING as STRING
+from .types import Tuple as Tuple
+from .types import UNPROCESSED as UNPROCESSED
+from .types import UUID as UUID
+from .utils import echo as echo
+from .utils import format_filename as format_filename
+from .utils import get_app_dir as get_app_dir
+from .utils import get_binary_stream as get_binary_stream
+from .utils import get_text_stream as get_text_stream
+from .utils import open_file as open_file
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> object:
+    import warnings
+
+    if name == "BaseCommand":
+        from .core import _BaseCommand
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'BaseCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Command' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _BaseCommand
+
+    if name == "MultiCommand":
+        from .core import _MultiCommand
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'MultiCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Group' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _MultiCommand
+
+    if name == "OptionParser":
+        from .parser import _OptionParser
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'OptionParser' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. The"
+            " old parser is available in 'optparse'.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _OptionParser
+
+    if name == "__version__":
+        import importlib.metadata
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The '__version__' attribute is deprecated and will be removed in"
+            " Click 9.1. Use feature detection or"
+            " 'importlib.metadata.version(\"click\")' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return importlib.metadata.version("click")
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_compat.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..134c4f38934be0a0be78a6d2a3ab100fe60389b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import io
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from types import TracebackType
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+CYGWIN = sys.platform.startswith("cygwin")
+WIN = sys.platform.startswith("win")
+auto_wrap_for_ansi: t.Callable[[t.TextIO], t.TextIO] | None = None
+_ansi_re = re.compile(r"\033\[[;?0-9]*[a-zA-Z]")
+
+
+def _make_text_stream(
+    stream: t.BinaryIO,
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    if encoding is None:
+        encoding = get_best_encoding(stream)
+    if errors is None:
+        errors = "replace"
+    return _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        stream,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        line_buffering=True,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def is_ascii_encoding(encoding: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks if a given encoding is ascii."""
+    try:
+        return codecs.lookup(encoding).name == "ascii"
+    except LookupError:
+        return False
+
+
+def get_best_encoding(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> str:
+    """Returns the default stream encoding if not found."""
+    rv = getattr(stream, "encoding", None) or sys.getdefaultencoding()
+    if is_ascii_encoding(rv):
+        return "utf-8"
+    return rv
+
+
+class _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: t.BinaryIO,
+        encoding: str | None,
+        errors: str | None,
+        force_readable: bool = False,
+        force_writable: bool = False,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream = t.cast(
+            t.BinaryIO, _FixupStream(stream, force_readable, force_writable)
+        )
+        super().__init__(stream, encoding, errors, **extra)
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.detach()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        # https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issue/1803
+        return self._stream.isatty()
+
+
+class _FixupStream:
+    """The new io interface needs more from streams than streams
+    traditionally implement.  As such, this fix-up code is necessary in
+    some circumstances.
+
+    The forcing of readable and writable flags are there because some tools
+    put badly patched objects on sys (one such offender are certain version
+    of jupyter notebook).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: t.BinaryIO,
+        force_readable: bool = False,
+        force_writable: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._force_readable = force_readable
+        self._force_writable = force_writable
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._stream, name)
+
+    def read1(self, size: int) -> bytes:
+        f = getattr(self._stream, "read1", None)
+
+        if f is not None:
+            return t.cast(bytes, f(size))
+
+        return self._stream.read(size)
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        if self._force_readable:
+            return True
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "readable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.read(0)
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        if self._force_writable:
+            return True
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "writable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.write(b"")
+        except Exception:
+            try:
+                self._stream.write(b"")
+            except Exception:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "seekable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.seek(self._stream.tell())
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+
+def _is_binary_reader(stream: t.IO[t.Any], default: bool = False) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return isinstance(stream.read(0), bytes)
+    except Exception:
+        return default
+        # This happens in some cases where the stream was already
+        # closed.  In this case, we assume the default.
+
+
+def _is_binary_writer(stream: t.IO[t.Any], default: bool = False) -> bool:
+    try:
+        stream.write(b"")
+    except Exception:
+        try:
+            stream.write("")
+            return False
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return default
+    return True
+
+
+def _find_binary_reader(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> t.BinaryIO | None:
+    # We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
+    # This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching
+    # the streams to get binary streams.  Some code might do this, so
+    # we need to deal with this case explicitly.
+    if _is_binary_reader(stream, False):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, stream)
+
+    buf = getattr(stream, "buffer", None)
+
+    # Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
+    # actually binary in case it's closed.
+    if buf is not None and _is_binary_reader(buf, True):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, buf)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _find_binary_writer(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> t.BinaryIO | None:
+    # We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
+    # This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching
+    # the streams to get binary streams.  Some code might do this, so
+    # we need to deal with this case explicitly.
+    if _is_binary_writer(stream, False):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, stream)
+
+    buf = getattr(stream, "buffer", None)
+
+    # Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
+    # actually binary in case it's closed.
+    if buf is not None and _is_binary_writer(buf, True):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, buf)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _stream_is_misconfigured(stream: t.TextIO) -> bool:
+    """A stream is misconfigured if its encoding is ASCII."""
+    # If the stream does not have an encoding set, we assume it's set
+    # to ASCII.  This appears to happen in certain unittest
+    # environments.  It's not quite clear what the correct behavior is
+    # but this at least will force Click to recover somehow.
+    return is_ascii_encoding(getattr(stream, "encoding", None) or "ascii")
+
+
+def _is_compat_stream_attr(stream: t.TextIO, attr: str, value: str | None) -> bool:
+    """A stream attribute is compatible if it is equal to the
+    desired value or the desired value is unset and the attribute
+    has a value.
+    """
+    stream_value = getattr(stream, attr, None)
+    return stream_value == value or (value is None and stream_value is not None)
+
+
+def _is_compatible_text_stream(
+    stream: t.TextIO, encoding: str | None, errors: str | None
+) -> bool:
+    """Check if a stream's encoding and errors attributes are
+    compatible with the desired values.
+    """
+    return _is_compat_stream_attr(
+        stream, "encoding", encoding
+    ) and _is_compat_stream_attr(stream, "errors", errors)
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_stream(
+    text_stream: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    is_binary: t.Callable[[t.IO[t.Any], bool], bool],
+    find_binary: t.Callable[[t.IO[t.Any]], t.BinaryIO | None],
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    if is_binary(text_stream, False):
+        binary_reader = t.cast(t.BinaryIO, text_stream)
+    else:
+        text_stream = t.cast(t.TextIO, text_stream)
+        # If the stream looks compatible, and won't default to a
+        # misconfigured ascii encoding, return it as-is.
+        if _is_compatible_text_stream(text_stream, encoding, errors) and not (
+            encoding is None and _stream_is_misconfigured(text_stream)
+        ):
+            return text_stream
+
+        # Otherwise, get the underlying binary reader.
+        possible_binary_reader = find_binary(text_stream)
+
+        # If that's not possible, silently use the original reader
+        # and get mojibake instead of exceptions.
+        if possible_binary_reader is None:
+            return text_stream
+
+        binary_reader = possible_binary_reader
+
+    # Default errors to replace instead of strict in order to get
+    # something that works.
+    if errors is None:
+        errors = "replace"
+
+    # Wrap the binary stream in a text stream with the correct
+    # encoding parameters.
+    return _make_text_stream(
+        binary_reader,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_reader(
+    text_reader: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    return _force_correct_text_stream(
+        text_reader,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        _is_binary_reader,
+        _find_binary_reader,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+    )
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_writer(
+    text_writer: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    return _force_correct_text_stream(
+        text_writer,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        _is_binary_writer,
+        _find_binary_writer,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def get_binary_stdin() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    reader = _find_binary_reader(sys.stdin)
+    if reader is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stdin.")
+    return reader
+
+
+def get_binary_stdout() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stdout)
+    if writer is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stdout.")
+    return writer
+
+
+def get_binary_stderr() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stderr)
+    if writer is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stderr.")
+    return writer
+
+
+def get_text_stdin(encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_reader(sys.stdin, encoding, errors, force_readable=True)
+
+
+def get_text_stdout(encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stdout, encoding, errors, force_writable=True)
+
+
+def get_text_stderr(encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stderr, encoding, errors, force_writable=True)
+
+
+def _wrap_io_open(
+    file: str | os.PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: str,
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+    """Handles not passing ``encoding`` and ``errors`` in binary mode."""
+    if "b" in mode:
+        return open(file, mode)
+
+    return open(file, mode, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
+
+
+def open_stream(
+    filename: str | os.PathLike[str],
+    mode: str = "r",
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = "strict",
+    atomic: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[t.IO[t.Any], bool]:
+    binary = "b" in mode
+    filename = os.fspath(filename)
+
+    # Standard streams first. These are simple because they ignore the
+    # atomic flag. Use fsdecode to handle Path("-").
+    if os.fsdecode(filename) == "-":
+        if any(m in mode for m in ["w", "a", "x"]):
+            if binary:
+                return get_binary_stdout(), False
+            return get_text_stdout(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
+        if binary:
+            return get_binary_stdin(), False
+        return get_text_stdin(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
+
+    # Non-atomic writes directly go out through the regular open functions.
+    if not atomic:
+        return _wrap_io_open(filename, mode, encoding, errors), True
+
+    # Some usability stuff for atomic writes
+    if "a" in mode:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Appending to an existing file is not supported, because that"
+            " would involve an expensive `copy`-operation to a temporary"
+            " file. Open the file in normal `w`-mode and copy explicitly"
+            " if that's what you're after."
+        )
+    if "x" in mode:
+        raise ValueError("Use the `overwrite`-parameter instead.")
+    if "w" not in mode:
+        raise ValueError("Atomic writes only make sense with `w`-mode.")
+
+    # Atomic writes are more complicated.  They work by opening a file
+    # as a proxy in the same folder and then using the fdopen
+    # functionality to wrap it in a Python file.  Then we wrap it in an
+    # atomic file that moves the file over on close.
+    import errno
+    import random
+
+    try:
+        perm: int | None = os.stat(filename).st_mode
+    except OSError:
+        perm = None
+
+    flags = os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL
+
+    if binary:
+        flags |= getattr(os, "O_BINARY", 0)
+
+    while True:
+        tmp_filename = os.path.join(
+            os.path.dirname(filename),
+            f".__atomic-write{random.randrange(1 << 32):08x}",
+        )
+        try:
+            fd = os.open(tmp_filename, flags, 0o666 if perm is None else perm)
+            break
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno == errno.EEXIST or (
+                os.name == "nt"
+                and e.errno == errno.EACCES
+                and os.path.isdir(e.filename)
+                and os.access(e.filename, os.W_OK)
+            ):
+                continue
+            raise
+
+    if perm is not None:
+        os.chmod(tmp_filename, perm)  # in case perm includes bits in umask
+
+    f = _wrap_io_open(fd, mode, encoding, errors)
+    af = _AtomicFile(f, tmp_filename, os.path.realpath(filename))
+    return t.cast(t.IO[t.Any], af), True
+
+
+class _AtomicFile:
+    def __init__(self, f: t.IO[t.Any], tmp_filename: str, real_filename: str) -> None:
+        self._f = f
+        self._tmp_filename = tmp_filename
+        self._real_filename = real_filename
+        self.closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._real_filename
+
+    def close(self, delete: bool = False) -> None:
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        self._f.close()
+        os.replace(self._tmp_filename, self._real_filename)
+        self.closed = True
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._f, name)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _AtomicFile:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close(delete=exc_type is not None)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._f)
+
+
+def strip_ansi(value: str) -> str:
+    return _ansi_re.sub("", value)
+
+
+def _is_jupyter_kernel_output(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> bool:
+    while isinstance(stream, (_FixupStream, _NonClosingTextIOWrapper)):
+        stream = stream._stream
+
+    return stream.__class__.__module__.startswith("ipykernel.")
+
+
+def should_strip_ansi(
+    stream: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None, color: bool | None = None
+) -> bool:
+    if color is None:
+        if stream is None:
+            stream = sys.stdin
+        elif hasattr(stream, "color"):
+            # ._termui_impl.MaybeStripAnsi handles stripping ansi itself,
+            # so we don't need to strip it here
+            return False
+        return not isatty(stream) and not _is_jupyter_kernel_output(stream)
+    return not color
+
+
+# On Windows, wrap the output streams with colorama to support ANSI
+# color codes.
+# NOTE: double check is needed so mypy does not analyze this on Linux
+if sys.platform.startswith("win") and WIN:
+    from ._winconsole import _get_windows_console_stream
+
+    def _get_argv_encoding() -> str:
+        import locale
+
+        return locale.getpreferredencoding()
+
+    _ansi_stream_wrappers: cabc.MutableMapping[t.TextIO, t.TextIO] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+    def auto_wrap_for_ansi(stream: t.TextIO, color: bool | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+        """Support ANSI color and style codes on Windows by wrapping a
+        stream with colorama.
+        """
+        try:
+            cached = _ansi_stream_wrappers.get(stream)
+        except Exception:
+            cached = None
+
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached
+
+        import colorama
+
+        strip = should_strip_ansi(stream, color)
+        ansi_wrapper = colorama.AnsiToWin32(stream, strip=strip)
+        rv = t.cast(t.TextIO, ansi_wrapper.stream)
+        _write = rv.write
+
+        def _safe_write(s: str) -> int:
+            try:
+                return _write(s)
+            except BaseException:
+                ansi_wrapper.reset_all()
+                raise
+
+        rv.write = _safe_write  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+
+        try:
+            _ansi_stream_wrappers[stream] = rv
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        return rv
+
+else:
+
+    def _get_argv_encoding() -> str:
+        return getattr(sys.stdin, "encoding", None) or sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+
+    def _get_windows_console_stream(
+        f: t.TextIO, encoding: str | None, errors: str | None
+    ) -> t.TextIO | None:
+        return None
+
+
+def term_len(x: str) -> int:
+    return len(strip_ansi(x))
+
+
+def isatty(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return stream.isatty()
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def _make_cached_stream_func(
+    src_func: t.Callable[[], t.TextIO | None],
+    wrapper_func: t.Callable[[], t.TextIO],
+) -> t.Callable[[], t.TextIO | None]:
+    cache: cabc.MutableMapping[t.TextIO, t.TextIO] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+    def func() -> t.TextIO | None:
+        stream = src_func()
+
+        if stream is None:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            rv = cache.get(stream)
+        except Exception:
+            rv = None
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+        rv = wrapper_func()
+        try:
+            cache[stream] = rv
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return rv
+
+    return func
+
+
+_default_text_stdin = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stdin, get_text_stdin)
+_default_text_stdout = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stdout, get_text_stdout)
+_default_text_stderr = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stderr, get_text_stderr)
+
+
+binary_streams: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Callable[[], t.BinaryIO]] = {
+    "stdin": get_binary_stdin,
+    "stdout": get_binary_stdout,
+    "stderr": get_binary_stderr,
+}
+
+text_streams: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Callable[[str | None, str | None], t.TextIO]] = {
+    "stdin": get_text_stdin,
+    "stdout": get_text_stdout,
+    "stderr": get_text_stderr,
+}
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fadae940625f8275fed17833d527c19e2422ef4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,945 @@
+"""
+This module contains implementations for the termui module. To keep the
+import time of Click down, some infrequently used functionality is
+placed in this module and only imported as needed.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import contextlib
+import io
+import math
+import os
+import shlex
+import sys
+import time
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from io import StringIO
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
+from ._compat import CYGWIN
+from ._compat import get_best_encoding
+from ._compat import isatty
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from ._compat import term_len
+from ._compat import WIN
+from .exceptions import ClickException
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import KeepOpenFile
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+class _BufferedTextPagerStream(t.Protocol):
+    buffer: t.BinaryIO
+
+
+def _has_binary_buffer(
+    stream: t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO,
+) -> t.TypeGuard[_BufferedTextPagerStream]:
+    # TextIO is wider than TextIOWrapper; text-only streams such as StringIO
+    # are valid TextIO values but do not expose a binary buffer to wrap.
+    return getattr(stream, "buffer", None) is not None
+
+
+if os.name == "nt":
+    BEFORE_BAR = "\r"
+    AFTER_BAR = "\n"
+else:
+    BEFORE_BAR = "\r\033[?25l"
+    AFTER_BAR = "\033[?25h\n"
+
+
+class ProgressBar(t.Generic[V]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iterable: cabc.Iterable[V] | None,
+        length: int | None = None,
+        fill_char: str = "#",
+        empty_char: str = " ",
+        bar_template: str = "%(bar)s",
+        info_sep: str = "  ",
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        show_eta: bool = True,
+        show_percent: bool | None = None,
+        show_pos: bool = False,
+        item_show_func: t.Callable[[V | None], str | None] | None = None,
+        label: str | None = None,
+        file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+        color: bool | None = None,
+        update_min_steps: int = 1,
+        width: int = 30,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.fill_char = fill_char
+        self.empty_char = empty_char
+        self.bar_template = bar_template
+        self.info_sep = info_sep
+        self.hidden = hidden
+        self.show_eta = show_eta
+        self.show_percent = show_percent
+        self.show_pos = show_pos
+        self.item_show_func = item_show_func
+        self.label: str = label or ""
+
+        if file is None:
+            file = _default_text_stdout()
+
+            # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+            # pythonw on Windows.
+            if file is None:
+                file = StringIO()
+
+        self.file = file
+        self.color = color
+        self.update_min_steps = update_min_steps
+        self._completed_intervals = 0
+        self.width: int = width
+        self.autowidth: bool = width == 0
+
+        if length is None:
+            from operator import length_hint
+
+            length = length_hint(iterable, -1)
+
+            if length == -1:
+                length = None
+        if iterable is None:
+            if length is None:
+                raise TypeError("iterable or length is required")
+            iterable = t.cast("cabc.Iterable[V]", range(length))
+        self.iter: cabc.Iterable[V] = iter(iterable)
+        self.length = length
+        self.pos: int = 0
+        self.avg: list[float] = []
+        self.last_eta: float
+        self.start: float
+        self.start = self.last_eta = time.time()
+        self.eta_known: bool = False
+        self.finished: bool = False
+        self.max_width: int | None = None
+        self.entered: bool = False
+        self.current_item: V | None = None
+        self._is_atty = isatty(self.file)
+        self._last_line: str | None = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> ProgressBar[V]:
+        self.entered = True
+        self.render_progress()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.render_finish()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[V]:
+        if not self.entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
+        self.render_progress()
+        return self.generator()
+
+    def __next__(self) -> V:
+        # Iteration is defined in terms of a generator function,
+        # returned by iter(self); use that to define next(). This works
+        # because `self.iter` is an iterable consumed by that generator,
+        # so it is re-entry safe. Calling `next(self.generator())`
+        # twice works and does "what you want".
+        return next(iter(self))
+
+    def render_finish(self) -> None:
+        if self.hidden or not self._is_atty:
+            return
+        self.file.write(AFTER_BAR)
+        self.file.flush()
+
+    @property
+    def pct(self) -> float:
+        if self.finished:
+            return 1.0
+        return min(self.pos / (float(self.length or 1) or 1), 1.0)
+
+    @property
+    def time_per_iteration(self) -> float:
+        if not self.avg:
+            return 0.0
+        return sum(self.avg) / float(len(self.avg))
+
+    @property
+    def eta(self) -> float:
+        if self.length is not None and not self.finished:
+            return self.time_per_iteration * (self.length - self.pos)
+        return 0.0
+
+    def format_eta(self) -> str:
+        if self.eta_known:
+            t = int(self.eta)
+            seconds = t % 60
+            t //= 60
+            minutes = t % 60
+            t //= 60
+            hours = t % 24
+            t //= 24
+            if t > 0:
+                return "{d}{day_label} {h:02}:{m:02}:{s:02}".format(
+                    d=t,
+                    day_label=_("d"),
+                    h=hours,
+                    m=minutes,
+                    s=seconds,
+                )
+            else:
+                return f"{hours:02}:{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}"
+        return ""
+
+    def format_pos(self) -> str:
+        pos = str(self.pos)
+        if self.length is not None:
+            pos += f"/{self.length}"
+        return pos
+
+    def format_pct(self) -> str:
+        return f"{int(self.pct * 100): 4}%"[1:]
+
+    def format_bar(self) -> str:
+        if self.length is not None:
+            bar_length = int(self.pct * self.width)
+            bar = self.fill_char * bar_length
+            bar += self.empty_char * (self.width - bar_length)
+        elif self.finished:
+            bar = self.fill_char * self.width
+        else:
+            chars = list(self.empty_char * (self.width or 1))
+            if self.time_per_iteration != 0:
+                chars[
+                    int(
+                        (math.cos(self.pos * self.time_per_iteration) / 2.0 + 0.5)
+                        * self.width
+                    )
+                ] = self.fill_char
+            bar = "".join(chars)
+        return bar
+
+    def format_progress_line(self) -> str:
+        show_percent = self.show_percent
+
+        info_bits = []
+        if self.length is not None and show_percent is None:
+            show_percent = not self.show_pos
+
+        if self.show_pos:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_pos())
+        if show_percent:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_pct())
+        if self.show_eta and self.eta_known and not self.finished:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_eta())
+        if self.item_show_func is not None:
+            item_info = self.item_show_func(self.current_item)
+            if item_info is not None:
+                info_bits.append(item_info)
+
+        return (
+            self.bar_template
+            % {
+                "label": self.label,
+                "bar": self.format_bar(),
+                "info": self.info_sep.join(info_bits),
+            }
+        ).rstrip()
+
+    def render_progress(self) -> None:
+        if self.hidden:
+            return
+
+        if not self._is_atty:
+            # Only output the label once if the output is not a TTY.
+            if self._last_line != self.label:
+                self._last_line = self.label
+                echo(self.label, file=self.file, color=self.color)
+            return
+
+        buf = []
+        # Update width in case the terminal has been resized
+        if self.autowidth:
+            import shutil
+
+            old_width = self.width
+            self.width = 0
+            clutter_length = term_len(self.format_progress_line())
+            new_width = max(0, shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - clutter_length)
+            if new_width < old_width and self.max_width is not None:
+                buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
+                buf.append(" " * self.max_width)
+                self.max_width = new_width
+            self.width = new_width
+
+        clear_width = self.width
+        if self.max_width is not None:
+            clear_width = self.max_width
+
+        buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
+        line = self.format_progress_line()
+        line_len = term_len(line)
+        if self.max_width is None or self.max_width < line_len:
+            self.max_width = line_len
+
+        buf.append(line)
+        buf.append(" " * (clear_width - line_len))
+        line = "".join(buf)
+        # Render the line only if it changed.
+
+        if line != self._last_line:
+            self._last_line = line
+            echo(line, file=self.file, color=self.color, nl=False)
+            self.file.flush()
+
+    def make_step(self, n_steps: int) -> None:
+        self.pos += n_steps
+        if self.length is not None and self.pos >= self.length:
+            self.finished = True
+
+        if (time.time() - self.last_eta) < 1.0:
+            return
+
+        self.last_eta = time.time()
+
+        # self.avg is a rolling list of length <= 7 of steps where steps are
+        # defined as time elapsed divided by the total progress through
+        # self.length.
+        if self.pos:
+            step = (time.time() - self.start) / self.pos
+        else:
+            step = time.time() - self.start
+
+        self.avg = self.avg[-6:] + [step]
+
+        self.eta_known = self.length is not None
+
+    def update(self, n_steps: int, current_item: V | None = None) -> None:
+        """Update the progress bar by advancing a specified number of
+        steps, and optionally set the ``current_item`` for this new
+        position.
+
+        :param n_steps: Number of steps to advance.
+        :param current_item: Optional item to set as ``current_item``
+            for the updated position.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``current_item`` optional parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Only render when the number of steps meets the
+            ``update_min_steps`` threshold.
+        """
+        if current_item is not None:
+            self.current_item = current_item
+
+        self._completed_intervals += n_steps
+
+        if self._completed_intervals >= self.update_min_steps:
+            self.make_step(self._completed_intervals)
+            self.render_progress()
+            self._completed_intervals = 0
+
+    def finish(self) -> None:
+        self.eta_known = False
+        self.current_item = None
+        self.finished = True
+
+    def generator(self) -> cabc.Iterator[V]:
+        """Return a generator which yields the items added to the bar
+        during construction, and updates the progress bar *after* the
+        yielded block returns.
+        """
+        # WARNING: the iterator interface for `ProgressBar` relies on
+        # this and only works because this is a simple generator which
+        # doesn't create or manage additional state. If this function
+        # changes, the impact should be evaluated both against
+        # `iter(bar)` and `next(bar)`. `next()` in particular may call
+        # `self.generator()` repeatedly, and this must remain safe in
+        # order for that interface to work.
+        if not self.entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
+
+        if not self._is_atty:
+            yield from self.iter
+        else:
+            for rv in self.iter:
+                self.current_item = rv
+
+                # This allows show_item_func to be updated before the
+                # item is processed. Only trigger at the beginning of
+                # the update interval.
+                if self._completed_intervals == 0:
+                    self.render_progress()
+
+                yield rv
+                self.update(1)
+
+            self.finish()
+            self.render_progress()
+
+
+class MaybeStripAnsi(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    def __init__(self, stream: t.IO[bytes], *, color: bool, **kwargs: t.Any):
+        super().__init__(stream, **kwargs)
+        self.color = color
+
+    def write(self, text: str) -> int:
+        if not self.color:
+            text = strip_ansi(text)
+        return super().write(text)
+
+
+def _pager_contextmanager(
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> t.ContextManager[tuple[t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Decide what method to use for paging through text."""
+    stdout = _default_text_stdout()
+
+    # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+    # pythonw on Windows.
+    if stdout is None:
+        stdout = StringIO()
+
+    if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(stdout):
+        return _nullpager(stdout, color)
+
+    # Split using POSIX mode (the default) so that quote characters are
+    # stripped from tokens and quoted Windows paths are preserved.
+    # Non-POSIX mode retains quotes in tokens, and wrapping tokens
+    # with shlex.quote re-introduces quoting issues on Windows.
+    pager_cmd_parts = shlex.split(os.environ.get("PAGER", ""))
+    if pager_cmd_parts:
+        if WIN:
+            return _tempfilepager(pager_cmd_parts, color)
+        return _pipepager(pager_cmd_parts, color)
+
+    if os.environ.get("TERM") in ("dumb", "emacs"):
+        return _nullpager(stdout, color)
+    if WIN or sys.platform.startswith("os2"):
+        return _tempfilepager(["more"], color)
+    return _pipepager(["less"], color)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def get_pager_file(color: bool | None = None) -> t.Generator[t.TextIO, None, None]:
+    """Context manager.
+
+    Yields a writable file-like object which can be used as an output pager.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
+
+    :param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.
+    """
+    with _pager_contextmanager(color=color) as (stream, encoding, color):
+        # Split streams by capabilities rather than the abstract TextIO /
+        # BinaryIO annotations: buffered text streams can be unwrapped to bytes,
+        # while other streams are yielded as-is.
+        wrapper: MaybeStripAnsi | None = None
+        if _has_binary_buffer(stream):
+            # Text stream backed by a binary buffer.
+            wrapper = MaybeStripAnsi(stream.buffer, color=color, encoding=encoding)
+            stream = wrapper
+        try:
+            # Narrow the BinaryIO | TextIO union that _pager_contextmanager
+            # yields; the caller writes text to the pager.
+            yield t.cast(t.TextIO, stream)
+        finally:
+            try:
+                stream.flush()
+            finally:
+                # Hand the binary buffer back to the pager that produced it
+                # rather than letting this TextIOWrapper close it on garbage
+                # collection. The pager owns the buffer's lifecycle: subprocess
+                # pipes and temp files are closed by their own helpers, while a
+                # borrowed stdout must stay open for the caller. detach() runs
+                # even if flush() raised, so the buffer is never closed here.
+                if wrapper is not None:
+                    wrapper.detach()
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _pipepager(
+    cmd_parts: list[str], color: bool | None = None
+) -> t.Iterator[tuple[t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Page through text by feeding it to another program.
+
+    Invokes the pager via :class:`subprocess.Popen` with an ``argv`` list
+    produced by :func:`shlex.split`. The command is resolved to an absolute
+    path with :func:`shutil.which` as recommended by the
+    :mod:`subprocess` docs for Windows compatibility.
+
+    Invoking a pager through this might support colors: if piping to
+    ``less`` and the user hasn't decided on colors, ``LESS=-R`` is set
+    automatically.
+    """
+    # Split the command into the invoked CLI and its parameters.
+    if not cmd_parts:
+        # No usable pager: fall back to stdout through _nullpager so it gets the
+        # same borrowed-stream handling and the caller's stream is not closed.
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        with _nullpager(stdout, color) as rv:
+            yield rv
+        return
+
+    import shutil
+
+    cmd = cmd_parts[0]
+    cmd_params = cmd_parts[1:]
+
+    cmd_filepath = shutil.which(cmd)
+    if not cmd_filepath:
+        # No usable pager: fall back to stdout through _nullpager so it gets the
+        # same borrowed-stream handling and the caller's stream is not closed.
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        with _nullpager(stdout, color) as rv:
+            yield rv
+        return
+
+    # Produces a normalized absolute path string.
+    # multi-call binaries such as busybox derive their identity from the symlink
+    # less -> busybox. resolve() causes them to misbehave. (eg. less becomes busybox)
+    cmd_path = Path(cmd_filepath).absolute()
+    cmd_name = cmd_path.name
+
+    import subprocess
+
+    # Make a local copy of the environment to not affect the global one.
+    env = dict(os.environ)
+
+    # If we're piping to less and the user hasn't decided on colors, we enable
+    # them by default we find the -R flag in the command line arguments.
+    if color is None and cmd_name == "less":
+        less_flags = f"{os.environ.get('LESS', '')}{' '.join(cmd_params)}"
+        if not less_flags:
+            env["LESS"] = "-R"
+            color = True
+        elif "r" in less_flags or "R" in less_flags:
+            color = True
+
+    if color is None:
+        color = False
+
+    c = subprocess.Popen(
+        [str(cmd_path)] + cmd_params,
+        shell=False,
+        stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+        env=env,
+        errors="replace",
+        text=True,
+    )
+    stdin = t.cast(t.BinaryIO, c.stdin)
+    encoding = get_best_encoding(stdin)
+    try:
+        yield stdin, encoding, color
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        # In case the pager exited unexpectedly, ignore the broken pipe error.
+        pass
+    except Exception as e:
+        # In case there is an exception we want to close the pager immediately
+        # and let the caller handle it.
+        # Otherwise the pager will keep running, and the user may not notice
+        # the error message, or worse yet it may leave the terminal in a broken state.
+        c.terminate()
+        raise e
+    finally:
+        # We must close stdin and wait for the pager to exit before we continue
+        try:
+            stdin.close()
+        # Close implies flush, so it might throw a BrokenPipeError if the pager
+        # process exited already.
+        except BrokenPipeError:
+            pass
+
+        # Less doesn't respect ^C, but catches it for its own UI purposes (aborting
+        # search or other commands inside less).
+        #
+        # That means when the user hits ^C, the parent process (click) terminates,
+        # but less is still alive, paging the output and messing up the terminal.
+        #
+        # If the user wants to make the pager exit on ^C, they should set
+        # `LESS='-K'`. It's not our decision to make.
+        while True:
+            try:
+                c.wait()
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                pass
+            else:
+                break
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _tempfilepager(
+    cmd_parts: list[str], color: bool | None = None
+) -> t.Iterator[tuple[t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file.
+
+    Used as the primary pager strategy on Windows (where piping to
+    ``more`` adds spurious ``\\r\\n``), and as a fallback on other
+    platforms. The command is resolved to an absolute path with
+    :func:`shutil.which`.
+    """
+    # Split the command into the invoked CLI and its parameters.
+    if not cmd_parts:
+        # No usable pager: fall back to stdout through _nullpager so it gets the
+        # same borrowed-stream handling and the caller's stream is not closed.
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        with _nullpager(stdout, color) as rv:
+            yield rv
+        return
+
+    import shutil
+    import subprocess
+
+    cmd = cmd_parts[0]
+
+    cmd_filepath = shutil.which(cmd)
+    if not cmd_filepath:
+        # No usable pager: fall back to stdout through _nullpager so it gets the
+        # same borrowed-stream handling and the caller's stream is not closed.
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        with _nullpager(stdout, color) as rv:
+            yield rv
+        return
+
+    # Produces a normalized absolute path string.
+    # multi-call binaries such as busybox derive their identity from the symlink
+    # less -> busybox. resolve() causes them to misbehave. (eg. less becomes busybox)
+    cmd_path = Path(cmd_filepath).absolute()
+
+    import tempfile
+
+    encoding = get_best_encoding(sys.stdout)
+    if color is None:
+        color = False
+    # On Windows, NamedTemporaryFile cannot be opened by another process
+    # while Python still has it open, so we use delete=False and clean up manually
+    # rather than using a contextmanager here.
+    f = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="wb", delete=False)
+    try:
+        yield t.cast(t.BinaryIO, f), encoding, color
+        f.flush()
+        f.close()
+        subprocess.call([str(cmd_path), f.name])
+    finally:
+        os.unlink(f.name)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _nullpager(
+    stream: t.TextIO, color: bool | None = None
+) -> t.Iterator[tuple[t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Simply print unformatted text. This is the ultimate fallback. Don't close the
+    output stream in this case, since it's coming from elsewhere rather than our
+    internal helpers.
+
+    The stream is wrapped in :class:`~click.utils.KeepOpenFile` so that, as a
+    borrowed stream, it is not closed by a ``with`` block. The wrapper that
+    :func:`get_pager_file` builds around it is detached rather than closed.
+    """
+    encoding = get_best_encoding(stream)
+
+    if color is None:
+        color = False
+
+    yield KeepOpenFile(stream), encoding, color  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+class Editor:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        editor: str | None = None,
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        require_save: bool = True,
+        extension: str = ".txt",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.editor = editor
+        self.env = env
+        self.require_save = require_save
+        self.extension = extension
+
+    def get_editor(self) -> str:
+        if self.editor is not None:
+            return self.editor
+        for key in "VISUAL", "EDITOR":
+            rv = os.environ.get(key)
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+        if WIN:
+            return "notepad"
+
+        from shutil import which
+
+        for editor in "sensible-editor", "vim", "nano":
+            if which(editor) is not None:
+                return editor
+        return "vi"
+
+    def edit_files(self, filenames: cabc.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        """Open files in the user's editor."""
+        import shlex
+        import subprocess
+
+        editor = self.get_editor()
+        environ: dict[str, str] | None = None
+
+        if self.env:
+            environ = os.environ.copy()
+            environ.update(self.env)
+
+        try:
+            # Split in POSIX mode (the default) for the same reasons as
+            # in pager(): strips quotes from tokens and preserves quoted
+            # Windows paths.
+            c = subprocess.Popen(
+                args=shlex.split(editor) + list(filenames),
+                env=environ,
+            )
+            exit_code = c.wait()
+            if exit_code != 0:
+                raise ClickException(
+                    _("{editor}: Editing failed").format(editor=editor)
+                )
+        except OSError as e:
+            raise ClickException(
+                _("{editor}: Editing failed: {e}").format(editor=editor, e=e)
+            ) from e
+
+    @t.overload
+    def edit(self, text: bytes | bytearray) -> bytes | None: ...
+
+    # We cannot know whether or not the type expected is str or bytes when None
+    # is passed, so str is returned as that was what was done before.
+    @t.overload
+    def edit(self, text: str | None) -> str | None: ...
+
+    def edit(self, text: str | bytes | bytearray | None) -> str | bytes | None:
+        import tempfile
+
+        if text is None:
+            data: bytes | bytearray = b""
+        elif isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            data = text
+        else:
+            if text and not text.endswith("\n"):
+                text += "\n"
+
+            if WIN:
+                data = text.replace("\n", "\r\n").encode("utf-8-sig")
+            else:
+                data = text.encode("utf-8")
+
+        fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix="editor-", suffix=self.extension)
+        f: t.BinaryIO
+
+        try:
+            with os.fdopen(fd, "wb") as f:
+                f.write(data)
+
+            # If the filesystem resolution is 1 second, like Mac OS
+            # 10.12 Extended, or 2 seconds, like FAT32, and the editor
+            # closes very fast, require_save can fail. Set the modified
+            # time to be 2 seconds in the past to work around this.
+            os.utime(name, (os.path.getatime(name), os.path.getmtime(name) - 2))
+            # Depending on the resolution, the exact value might not be
+            # recorded, so get the new recorded value.
+            timestamp = os.path.getmtime(name)
+
+            self.edit_files((name,))
+
+            if self.require_save and os.path.getmtime(name) == timestamp:
+                return None
+
+            with open(name, "rb") as f:
+                rv = f.read()
+
+            if isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
+                return rv
+
+            return rv.decode("utf-8-sig").replace("\r\n", "\n")
+        finally:
+            os.unlink(name)
+
+
+def open_url(url: str, wait: bool = False, locate: bool = False) -> int:
+    import subprocess
+
+    def _unquote_file(url: str) -> str:
+        from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+        if url.startswith("file://"):
+            url = unquote(url[7:])
+
+        return url
+
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        args = ["open"]
+        if wait:
+            args.append("-W")
+        if locate:
+            args.append("-R")
+        args.append(_unquote_file(url))
+        null = open("/dev/null", "w")
+        try:
+            return subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=null).wait()
+        finally:
+            null.close()
+    elif WIN:
+        if locate:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+            args = ["explorer", "/select,", url]
+            try:
+                return subprocess.call(args)
+            except OSError:
+                return 127
+        else:
+            try:
+                os.startfile(url)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            except OSError:
+                return 127
+            return 0
+    elif CYGWIN:
+        if locate:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+            args = ["cygstart", os.path.dirname(url)]
+        else:
+            args = ["cygstart"]
+            if wait:
+                args.append("-w")
+            args.append(url)
+        try:
+            return subprocess.call(args)
+        except OSError:
+            # Command not found
+            return 127
+
+    try:
+        if locate:
+            url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url)) or "."
+        else:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+        c = subprocess.Popen(["xdg-open", url])
+        if wait:
+            return c.wait()
+        return 0
+    except OSError:
+        if url.startswith(("http://", "https://")) and not locate and not wait:
+            import webbrowser
+
+            webbrowser.open(url)
+            return 0
+        return 1
+
+
+def _translate_ch_to_exc(ch: str) -> None:
+    if ch == "\x03":
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt()
+
+    if ch == "\x04" and not WIN:  # Unix-like, Ctrl+D
+        raise EOFError()
+
+    if ch == "\x1a" and WIN:  # Windows, Ctrl+Z
+        raise EOFError()
+
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    import msvcrt
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def raw_terminal() -> cabc.Iterator[int]:
+        yield -1
+
+    def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+        # The function `getch` will return a bytes object corresponding to
+        # the pressed character. Since Windows 10 build 1803, it will also
+        # return \x00 when called a second time after pressing a regular key.
+        #
+        # `getwch` does not share this probably-bugged behavior. Moreover, it
+        # returns a Unicode object by default, which is what we want.
+        #
+        # Either of these functions will return \x00 or \xe0 to indicate
+        # a special key, and you need to call the same function again to get
+        # the "rest" of the code. The fun part is that \u00e0 is
+        # "latin small letter a with grave", so if you type that on a French
+        # keyboard, you _also_ get a \xe0.
+        # E.g., consider the Up arrow. This returns \xe0 and then \x48. The
+        # resulting Unicode string reads as "a with grave" + "capital H".
+        # This is indistinguishable from when the user actually types
+        # "a with grave" and then "capital H".
+        #
+        # When \xe0 is returned, we assume it's part of a special-key sequence
+        # and call `getwch` again, but that means that when the user types
+        # the \u00e0 character, `getchar` doesn't return until a second
+        # character is typed.
+        # The alternative is returning immediately, but that would mess up
+        # cross-platform handling of arrow keys and others that start with
+        # \xe0. Another option is using `getch`, but then we can't reliably
+        # read non-ASCII characters, because return values of `getch` are
+        # limited to the current 8-bit codepage.
+        #
+        # Anyway, Click doesn't claim to do this Right(tm), and using `getwch`
+        # is doing the right thing in more situations than with `getch`.
+
+        if echo:
+            func = t.cast(t.Callable[[], str], msvcrt.getwche)
+        else:
+            func = t.cast(t.Callable[[], str], msvcrt.getwch)
+
+        rv = func()
+
+        if rv in ("\x00", "\xe0"):
+            # \x00 and \xe0 are control characters that indicate special key,
+            # see above.
+            rv += func()
+
+        _translate_ch_to_exc(rv)
+        return rv
+
+else:
+    import termios
+    import tty
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def raw_terminal() -> cabc.Iterator[int]:
+        f: t.TextIO | None
+        fd: int
+
+        if not isatty(sys.stdin):
+            f = open("/dev/tty")
+            fd = f.fileno()
+        else:
+            fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
+            f = None
+
+        try:
+            old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
+
+            try:
+                tty.setraw(fd)
+                yield fd
+            finally:
+                termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+
+                if f is not None:
+                    f.close()
+        except termios.error:
+            pass
+
+    def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+        with raw_terminal() as fd:
+            ch = os.read(fd, 32).decode(get_best_encoding(sys.stdin), "replace")
+
+            if echo and isatty(sys.stdout):
+                sys.stdout.write(ch)
+
+            _translate_ch_to_exc(ch)
+            return ch
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..82840f2dff3ce627712c0ece2752382a0f7dab8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import textwrap
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from ._compat import _ansi_re
+from ._compat import term_len
+
+
+def _truncate_visible(text: str, n: int) -> str:
+    """Return the longest prefix of ``text`` containing at most ``n`` visible
+    characters.
+
+    ANSI escape sequences inside the prefix are kept intact and do not count
+    toward the visible width. A cut is never placed inside an escape sequence.
+    """
+    if n <= 0:
+        return ""
+
+    visible = 0
+    i = 0
+    cut = 0
+    end = len(text)
+    while i < end:
+        m = _ansi_re.match(text, i)
+        if m is not None:
+            i = m.end()
+            continue
+        visible += 1
+        i += 1
+        cut = i
+        if visible >= n:
+            break
+    return text[:cut]
+
+
+class TextWrapper(textwrap.TextWrapper):
+    """``textwrap.TextWrapper`` variant that measures widths by visible
+    character count.
+
+    ANSI escape sequences embedded in chunks, indents, or the placeholder are
+    excluded from the width budget. Without this, styled help text (a styled
+    ``Usage:`` prefix, a colorized option name, ...) would be wrapped earlier
+    than its visible length warrants and tokens would split mid-word.
+    """
+
+    def _handle_long_word(
+        self,
+        reversed_chunks: list[str],
+        cur_line: list[str],
+        cur_len: int,
+        width: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        space_left = max(width - cur_len, 1)
+
+        if self.break_long_words:
+            last = reversed_chunks[-1]
+            cut = _truncate_visible(last, space_left)
+            res = last[len(cut) :]
+            cur_line.append(cut)
+            reversed_chunks[-1] = res
+        elif not cur_line:
+            cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop())
+
+    def _wrap_chunks(self, chunks: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        """Wrap chunks counting widths in visible characters.
+
+        Mirrors the algorithm of :meth:`textwrap.TextWrapper._wrap_chunks`
+        with every width measurement routed through
+        :func:`click._compat.term_len` instead of :func:`len`, so ANSI escape
+        bytes in chunks, indents, or the placeholder do not inflate the count.
+
+        .. seealso::
+            :class:`textwrap.TextWrapper` in the Python standard library documentation:
+            https://docs.python.org/3/library/textwrap.html#textwrap.TextWrapper
+
+            Reference implementation in CPython:
+            https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/textwrap.py
+        """
+        lines: list[str] = []
+        if self.width <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid width {self.width!r} (must be > 0)")
+        if self.max_lines is not None:
+            if self.max_lines > 1:
+                indent = self.subsequent_indent
+            else:
+                indent = self.initial_indent
+            if term_len(indent) + term_len(self.placeholder.lstrip()) > self.width:
+                raise ValueError("placeholder too large for max width")
+
+        chunks.reverse()
+
+        while chunks:
+            cur_line: list[str] = []
+            cur_len = 0
+
+            if lines:
+                indent = self.subsequent_indent
+            else:
+                indent = self.initial_indent
+
+            width = self.width - term_len(indent)
+
+            if self.drop_whitespace and chunks[-1].strip() == "" and lines:
+                del chunks[-1]
+
+            while chunks:
+                n = term_len(chunks[-1])
+
+                if cur_len + n <= width:
+                    cur_line.append(chunks.pop())
+                    cur_len += n
+
+                else:
+                    break
+
+            if chunks and term_len(chunks[-1]) > width:
+                self._handle_long_word(chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width)
+                cur_len = sum(map(term_len, cur_line))
+
+            if self.drop_whitespace and cur_line and cur_line[-1].strip() == "":
+                cur_len -= term_len(cur_line[-1])
+                del cur_line[-1]
+
+            if cur_line:
+                if (
+                    self.max_lines is None
+                    or len(lines) + 1 < self.max_lines
+                    or (
+                        not chunks
+                        or self.drop_whitespace
+                        and len(chunks) == 1
+                        and not chunks[0].strip()
+                    )
+                    and cur_len <= width
+                ):
+                    lines.append(indent + "".join(cur_line))
+                else:
+                    while cur_line:
+                        if (
+                            cur_line[-1].strip()
+                            and cur_len + term_len(self.placeholder) <= width
+                        ):
+                            cur_line.append(self.placeholder)
+                            lines.append(indent + "".join(cur_line))
+                            break
+                        cur_len -= term_len(cur_line[-1])
+                        del cur_line[-1]
+                    else:
+                        if lines:
+                            prev_line = lines[-1].rstrip()
+                            if (
+                                term_len(prev_line) + term_len(self.placeholder)
+                                <= self.width
+                            ):
+                                lines[-1] = prev_line + self.placeholder
+                                break
+                        lines.append(indent + self.placeholder.lstrip())
+                    break
+
+        return lines
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def extra_indent(self, indent: str) -> cabc.Iterator[None]:
+        old_initial_indent = self.initial_indent
+        old_subsequent_indent = self.subsequent_indent
+        self.initial_indent += indent
+        self.subsequent_indent += indent
+
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.initial_indent = old_initial_indent
+            self.subsequent_indent = old_subsequent_indent
+
+    def indent_only(self, text: str) -> str:
+        rv = []
+
+        for idx, line in enumerate(text.splitlines()):
+            indent = self.initial_indent
+
+            if idx > 0:
+                indent = self.subsequent_indent
+
+            rv.append(f"{indent}{line}")
+
+        return "\n".join(rv)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_utils.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05ee2e99757adb19882664e1fc0377ac29c92f80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import typing as t
+
+
+class Sentinel(enum.Enum):
+    """Enum used to define sentinel values.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        `PEP 661 - Sentinel Values <https://peps.python.org/pep-0661/>`_.
+    """
+
+    UNSET = object()
+    FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE = object()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}.{self.name}"
+
+
+UNSET: t.Literal[Sentinel.UNSET] = Sentinel.UNSET
+"""Sentinel used to indicate that a value is not set."""
+
+FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE: t.Literal[Sentinel.FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE] = Sentinel.FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+"""Sentinel used to indicate an option was passed as a flag without a
+value but is not a flag option.
+
+``Option.consume_value`` uses this to prompt or use the ``flag_value``.
+"""
+
+T_UNSET: t.TypeAlias = t.Literal[Sentinel.UNSET]
+"""Type hint for the :data:`UNSET` sentinel value."""
+
+T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE: t.TypeAlias = t.Literal[Sentinel.FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE]
+"""Type hint for the :data:`FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE` sentinel value."""
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d25178d66ff7a9c8a1da52e61379da240be625b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+# This module is based on the excellent work by Adam Bartoš who
+# provided a lot of what went into the implementation here in
+# the discussion to issue1602 in the Python bug tracker.
+#
+# There are some general differences in regards to how this works
+# compared to the original patches as we do not need to patch
+# the entire interpreter but just work in our little world of
+# echo and prompt.
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import io
+import sys
+import time
+import typing as t
+from ctypes import Array
+from ctypes import byref
+from ctypes import c_char
+from ctypes import c_char_p
+from ctypes import c_int
+from ctypes import c_ssize_t
+from ctypes import c_ulong
+from ctypes import c_void_p
+from ctypes import POINTER
+from ctypes import py_object
+from ctypes import Structure
+from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD
+from ctypes.wintypes import HANDLE
+from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR
+from ctypes.wintypes import LPWSTR
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from ._compat import _NonClosingTextIOWrapper
+
+assert sys.platform == "win32"
+import msvcrt  # noqa: E402
+from ctypes import windll  # noqa: E402
+from ctypes import WINFUNCTYPE  # noqa: E402
+
+c_ssize_p = POINTER(c_ssize_t)
+
+kernel32 = windll.kernel32
+GetStdHandle = kernel32.GetStdHandle
+ReadConsoleW = kernel32.ReadConsoleW
+WriteConsoleW = kernel32.WriteConsoleW
+GetConsoleMode = kernel32.GetConsoleMode
+GetLastError = kernel32.GetLastError
+GetCommandLineW = WINFUNCTYPE(LPWSTR)(("GetCommandLineW", windll.kernel32))
+CommandLineToArgvW = WINFUNCTYPE(POINTER(LPWSTR), LPCWSTR, POINTER(c_int))(
+    ("CommandLineToArgvW", windll.shell32)
+)
+LocalFree = WINFUNCTYPE(c_void_p, c_void_p)(("LocalFree", windll.kernel32))
+
+STDIN_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-10)
+STDOUT_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-11)
+STDERR_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-12)
+
+PyBUF_SIMPLE = 0
+PyBUF_WRITABLE = 1
+
+ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
+ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY = 8
+ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED = 995
+
+STDIN_FILENO = 0
+STDOUT_FILENO = 1
+STDERR_FILENO = 2
+
+EOF = b"\x1a"
+MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN = 32767
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    try:
+        # Using `typing_extensions.Buffer` instead of `collections.abc`
+        # on Windows for some reason does not have `Sized` implemented.
+        from collections.abc import Buffer  # type: ignore
+    except ImportError:
+        from typing_extensions import Buffer
+
+try:
+    from ctypes import pythonapi
+except ImportError:
+    # On PyPy we cannot get buffers so our ability to operate here is
+    # severely limited.
+    get_buffer = None
+else:
+
+    class Py_buffer(Structure):
+        _fields_ = [  # noqa: RUF012
+            ("buf", c_void_p),
+            ("obj", py_object),
+            ("len", c_ssize_t),
+            ("itemsize", c_ssize_t),
+            ("readonly", c_int),
+            ("ndim", c_int),
+            ("format", c_char_p),
+            ("shape", c_ssize_p),
+            ("strides", c_ssize_p),
+            ("suboffsets", c_ssize_p),
+            ("internal", c_void_p),
+        ]
+
+    PyObject_GetBuffer = pythonapi.PyObject_GetBuffer
+    PyBuffer_Release = pythonapi.PyBuffer_Release
+
+    def get_buffer(obj: Buffer, writable: bool = False) -> Array[c_char]:
+        buf = Py_buffer()
+        flags: int = PyBUF_WRITABLE if writable else PyBUF_SIMPLE
+        PyObject_GetBuffer(py_object(obj), byref(buf), flags)
+
+        try:
+            buffer_type = c_char * buf.len
+            out: Array[c_char] = buffer_type.from_address(buf.buf)
+            return out
+        finally:
+            PyBuffer_Release(byref(buf))
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleRawIOBase(io.RawIOBase):
+    def __init__(self, handle: int | None) -> None:
+        self.handle = handle
+
+    def isatty(self) -> t.Literal[True]:
+        super().isatty()
+        return True
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleReader(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
+    def readable(self) -> t.Literal[True]:
+        return True
+
+    def readinto(self, b: Buffer) -> int:
+        bytes_to_be_read = len(b)
+        if not bytes_to_be_read:
+            return 0
+        elif bytes_to_be_read % 2:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "cannot read odd number of bytes from UTF-16-LE encoded console"
+            )
+
+        buffer = get_buffer(b, writable=True)
+        code_units_to_be_read = bytes_to_be_read // 2
+        code_units_read = c_ulong()
+
+        rv = ReadConsoleW(
+            HANDLE(self.handle),
+            buffer,
+            code_units_to_be_read,
+            byref(code_units_read),
+            None,
+        )
+        if GetLastError() == ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED:
+            # wait for KeyboardInterrupt
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+        if not rv:
+            raise OSError(_("Windows error: {error}").format(error=GetLastError()))
+
+        if buffer[0] == EOF:
+            return 0
+        return 2 * code_units_read.value
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleWriter(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
+    def writable(self) -> t.Literal[True]:
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_error_message(errno: int) -> str:
+        if errno == ERROR_SUCCESS:
+            return "ERROR_SUCCESS"
+        elif errno == ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
+            return "ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY"
+        return _("Windows error: {error}").format(error=errno)
+
+    def write(self, b: Buffer) -> int:
+        bytes_to_be_written = len(b)
+        buf = get_buffer(b)
+        code_units_to_be_written = min(bytes_to_be_written, MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN) // 2
+        code_units_written = c_ulong()
+
+        WriteConsoleW(
+            HANDLE(self.handle),
+            buf,
+            code_units_to_be_written,
+            byref(code_units_written),
+            None,
+        )
+        bytes_written = 2 * code_units_written.value
+
+        if bytes_written == 0 and bytes_to_be_written > 0:
+            raise OSError(self._get_error_message(GetLastError()))
+        return bytes_written
+
+
+class ConsoleStream:
+    def __init__(self, text_stream: t.TextIO, byte_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> None:
+        self._text_stream = text_stream
+        self.buffer = byte_stream
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.buffer.name
+
+    def write(self, x: t.AnyStr) -> int:
+        if isinstance(x, str):
+            return self._text_stream.write(x)
+        try:
+            self.flush()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return self.buffer.write(x)
+
+    def writelines(self, lines: cabc.Iterable[t.AnyStr]) -> None:
+        for line in lines:
+            self.write(line)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._text_stream, name)
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return self.buffer.isatty()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<ConsoleStream name={self.name!r} encoding={self.encoding!r}>"
+
+
+def _get_text_stdin(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedReader(_WindowsConsoleReader(STDIN_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+def _get_text_stdout(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDOUT_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+def _get_text_stderr(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDERR_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+_stream_factories: cabc.Mapping[int, t.Callable[[t.BinaryIO], t.TextIO]] = {
+    0: _get_text_stdin,
+    1: _get_text_stdout,
+    2: _get_text_stderr,
+}
+
+
+def _is_console(f: t.TextIO) -> bool:
+    if not hasattr(f, "fileno"):
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        fileno = f.fileno()
+    except (OSError, io.UnsupportedOperation):
+        return False
+
+    handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(fileno)
+    return bool(GetConsoleMode(handle, byref(DWORD())))
+
+
+def _get_windows_console_stream(
+    f: t.TextIO, encoding: str | None, errors: str | None
+) -> t.TextIO | None:
+    if (
+        get_buffer is None
+        or encoding not in {"utf-16-le", None}
+        or errors not in {"strict", None}
+        or not _is_console(f)
+    ):
+        return None
+
+    func = _stream_factories.get(f.fileno())
+    if func is None:
+        return None
+
+    b = getattr(f, "buffer", None)
+
+    if b is None:
+        return None
+
+    return func(b)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/core.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7ecbefbc491a9582e1a47385f2922c10302b58c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3639 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import enum
+import errno
+import inspect
+import os
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from abc import ABC
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections import abc
+from collections import Counter
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+from itertools import repeat
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from . import types
+from ._utils import FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+from ._utils import UNSET
+from .exceptions import Abort
+from .exceptions import BadParameter
+from .exceptions import ClickException
+from .exceptions import Exit
+from .exceptions import MissingParameter
+from .exceptions import NoArgsIsHelpError
+from .exceptions import NoSuchCommand
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+from .formatting import HelpFormatter
+from .formatting import join_options
+from .globals import pop_context
+from .globals import push_context
+from .parser import _OptionParser
+from .parser import _split_opt
+from .termui import confirm
+from .termui import prompt
+from .termui import style
+from .utils import _detect_program_name
+from .utils import _expand_args
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import make_default_short_help
+from .utils import make_str
+from .utils import PacifyFlushWrapper
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+    from .shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound="t.Callable[..., t.Any]")
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def _complete_visible_commands(
+    ctx: Context, incomplete: str
+) -> cabc.Iterator[tuple[str, Command]]:
+    """List all the subcommands of a group that start with the
+    incomplete value and aren't hidden.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the group.
+    :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+    """
+    multi = t.cast(Group, ctx.command)
+
+    for name in multi.list_commands(ctx):
+        if name.startswith(incomplete):
+            command = multi.get_command(ctx, name)
+
+            if command is not None and not command.hidden:
+                yield name, command
+
+
+def _check_nested_chain(
+    base_command: Group, cmd_name: str, cmd: Command, register: bool = False
+) -> None:
+    if not base_command.chain or not isinstance(cmd, Group):
+        return
+
+    if register:
+        message = (
+            f"It is not possible to add the group {cmd_name!r} to another"
+            f" group {base_command.name!r} that is in chain mode."
+        )
+    else:
+        message = (
+            f"Found the group {cmd_name!r} as subcommand to another group "
+            f" {base_command.name!r} that is in chain mode. This is not supported."
+        )
+
+    raise RuntimeError(message)
+
+
+def _format_deprecated_label(deprecated: bool | str) -> str:
+    """Return the parenthesized deprecation label shown in help text."""
+    label = _("deprecated").upper()
+    if isinstance(deprecated, str):
+        return f"({label}: {deprecated})"
+    return f"({label})"
+
+
+def _format_deprecated_suffix(deprecated: bool | str) -> str:
+    """Return the trailing reason for a ``DeprecationWarning`` message,
+    prefixed with a space, or an empty string when no reason was given.
+    """
+    if isinstance(deprecated, str):
+        return f" {deprecated}"
+    return ""
+
+
+def batch(iterable: cabc.Iterable[V], batch_size: int) -> list[tuple[V, ...]]:
+    return list(zip(*repeat(iter(iterable), batch_size), strict=False))
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def augment_usage_errors(
+    ctx: Context, param: Parameter | None = None
+) -> cabc.Generator[None]:
+    """Context manager that attaches extra information to exceptions."""
+    try:
+        yield
+    except BadParameter as e:
+        if e.ctx is None:
+            e.ctx = ctx
+        if param is not None and e.param is None:
+            e.param = param
+        raise
+    except UsageError as e:
+        if e.ctx is None:
+            e.ctx = ctx
+        raise
+
+
+def iter_params_for_processing(
+    invocation_order: cabc.Sequence[Parameter],
+    declaration_order: cabc.Sequence[Parameter],
+) -> list[Parameter]:
+    """Returns all declared parameters in the order they should be processed.
+
+    The declared parameters are re-shuffled depending on the order in which
+    they were invoked, as well as the eagerness of each parameters.
+
+    The invocation order takes precedence over the declaration order. I.e. the
+    order in which the user provided them to the CLI is respected.
+
+    This behavior and its effect on callback evaluation is detailed at:
+    https://click.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/advanced/#callback-evaluation-order
+    """
+
+    def sort_key(item: Parameter) -> tuple[bool, float]:
+        try:
+            idx: float = invocation_order.index(item)
+        except ValueError:
+            idx = float("inf")
+
+        return not item.is_eager, idx
+
+    return sorted(declaration_order, key=sort_key)
+
+
+class ParameterSource(enum.IntEnum):
+    """This is an :class:`~enum.IntEnum` that indicates the source of a
+    parameter's value.
+
+    Use :meth:`click.Context.get_parameter_source` to get the
+    source for a parameter by name.
+
+    Members are ordered from most explicit to least explicit source.
+    This allows comparison to check if a value was explicitly provided:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        source = ctx.get_parameter_source("port")
+        if source < click.ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP:
+            ...  # value was explicitly set
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.3
+        Use :class:`~enum.IntEnum` and reorder members from most to
+        least explicit. Supports comparison operators.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Use :class:`~enum.Enum` and drop the ``validate`` method.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``PROMPT`` value.
+    """
+
+    PROMPT = enum.auto()
+    """Used a prompt to confirm a default or provide a value."""
+    COMMANDLINE = enum.auto()
+    """The value was provided by the command line args."""
+    ENVIRONMENT = enum.auto()
+    """The value was provided with an environment variable."""
+    DEFAULT_MAP = enum.auto()
+    """Used a default provided by :attr:`Context.default_map`."""
+    DEFAULT = enum.auto()
+    """Used the default specified by the parameter."""
+
+
+class Context:
+    """The context is a special internal object that holds state relevant
+    for the script execution at every single level.  It's normally invisible
+    to commands unless they opt-in to getting access to it.
+
+    The context is useful as it can pass internal objects around and can
+    control special execution features such as reading data from
+    environment variables.
+
+    A context can be used as context manager in which case it will call
+    :meth:`close` on teardown.
+
+    :param command: the command class for this context.
+    :param parent: the parent context.
+    :param info_name: the info name for this invocation.  Generally this
+                      is the most descriptive name for the script or
+                      command.  For the toplevel script it is usually
+                      the name of the script, for commands below that it's
+                      the name of the script.
+    :param obj: an arbitrary object of user data.
+    :param auto_envvar_prefix: the prefix to use for automatic environment
+                               variables.  If this is `None` then reading
+                               from environment variables is disabled.  This
+                               does not affect manually set environment
+                               variables which are always read.
+    :param default_map: a dictionary (like object) with default values
+                        for parameters.
+    :param terminal_width: the width of the terminal.  The default is
+                           inherit from parent context.  If no context
+                           defines the terminal width then auto
+                           detection will be applied.
+    :param max_content_width: the maximum width for content rendered by
+                              Click (this currently only affects help
+                              pages).  This defaults to 80 characters if
+                              not overridden.  In other words: even if the
+                              terminal is larger than that, Click will not
+                              format things wider than 80 characters by
+                              default.  In addition to that, formatters might
+                              add some safety mapping on the right.
+    :param resilient_parsing: if this flag is enabled then Click will
+                              parse without any interactivity or callback
+                              invocation.  Default values will also be
+                              ignored.  This is useful for implementing
+                              things such as completion support.
+    :param allow_extra_args: if this is set to `True` then extra arguments
+                             at the end will not raise an error and will be
+                             kept on the context.  The default is to inherit
+                             from the command.
+    :param allow_interspersed_args: if this is set to `False` then options
+                                    and arguments cannot be mixed.  The
+                                    default is to inherit from the command.
+    :param ignore_unknown_options: instructs click to ignore options it does
+                                   not know and keeps them for later
+                                   processing.
+    :param help_option_names: optionally a list of strings that define how
+                              the default help parameter is named.  The
+                              default is ``['--help']``.
+    :param token_normalize_func: an optional function that is used to
+                                 normalize tokens (options, choices,
+                                 etc.).  This for instance can be used to
+                                 implement case insensitive behavior.
+    :param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.  This is only needed if ANSI
+                  codes are used in texts that Click prints which is by
+                  default not the case.  This for instance would affect
+                  help output.
+    :param show_default: Show the default value for commands. If this
+        value is not set, it defaults to the value from the parent
+        context. ``Command.show_default`` overrides this default for the
+        specific command.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        The ``protected_args`` attribute is deprecated and will be removed in
+        Click 9.0. ``args`` will contain remaining unparsed tokens.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The ``show_default`` parameter is overridden by
+        ``Command.show_default``, instead of the other way around.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        The ``show_default`` parameter defaults to the value from the
+        parent context.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+       Added the ``show_default`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+        Added the ``color``, ``ignore_unknown_options``, and
+        ``max_content_width`` parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Added the ``allow_extra_args`` and ``allow_interspersed_args``
+        parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``resilient_parsing``, ``help_option_names``, and
+        ``token_normalize_func`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    #: The formatter class to create with :meth:`make_formatter`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    formatter_class: type[HelpFormatter] = HelpFormatter
+
+    parent: Context | None
+    command: Command
+    info_name: str | None
+    params: dict[str, t.Any]
+    args: list[str]
+    _protected_args: list[str]
+    _opt_prefixes: set[str]
+    obj: t.Any
+    _meta: dict[str, t.Any]
+    default_map: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] | None
+    invoked_subcommand: str | None
+    terminal_width: int | None
+    max_content_width: int | None
+    allow_extra_args: bool
+    allow_interspersed_args: bool
+    ignore_unknown_options: bool
+    help_option_names: list[str]
+    token_normalize_func: t.Callable[[str], str] | None
+    resilient_parsing: bool
+    auto_envvar_prefix: str | None
+    color: bool | None
+    show_default: bool | None
+    _close_callbacks: list[t.Callable[[], t.Any]]
+    _depth: int
+    _parameter_source: dict[str, ParameterSource]
+    _param_default_explicit: dict[str, bool]
+    _exit_stack: ExitStack
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        command: Command,
+        parent: Context | None = None,
+        info_name: str | None = None,
+        obj: t.Any | None = None,
+        auto_envvar_prefix: str | None = None,
+        default_map: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        terminal_width: int | None = None,
+        max_content_width: int | None = None,
+        resilient_parsing: bool = False,
+        allow_extra_args: bool | None = None,
+        allow_interspersed_args: bool | None = None,
+        ignore_unknown_options: bool | None = None,
+        help_option_names: list[str] | None = None,
+        token_normalize_func: t.Callable[[str], str] | None = None,
+        color: bool | None = None,
+        show_default: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: the parent context or `None` if none exists.
+        self.parent = parent
+        #: the :class:`Command` for this context.
+        self.command = command
+        #: the descriptive information name
+        self.info_name = info_name
+        #: Map of parameter names to their parsed values. Parameters
+        #: with ``expose_value=False`` are not stored.
+        self.params = {}
+        #: the leftover arguments.
+        self.args = []
+        #: protected arguments.  These are arguments that are prepended
+        #: to `args` when certain parsing scenarios are encountered but
+        #: must be never propagated to another arguments.  This is used
+        #: to implement nested parsing.
+        self._protected_args = []
+        #: the collected prefixes of the command's options.
+        self._opt_prefixes = set(parent._opt_prefixes) if parent else set()
+
+        if obj is None and parent is not None:
+            obj = parent.obj
+
+        #: the user object stored.
+        self.obj = obj
+        self._meta = getattr(parent, "meta", {})
+
+        #: A dictionary (-like object) with defaults for parameters.
+        if (
+            default_map is None
+            and info_name is not None
+            and parent is not None
+            and parent.default_map is not None
+        ):
+            default_map = parent.default_map.get(info_name)
+
+        self.default_map = default_map
+
+        #: This flag indicates if a subcommand is going to be executed. A
+        #: group callback can use this information to figure out if it's
+        #: being executed directly or because the execution flow passes
+        #: onwards to a subcommand. By default it's None, but it can be
+        #: the name of the subcommand to execute.
+        #:
+        #: If chaining is enabled this will be set to ``'*'`` in case
+        #: any commands are executed.  It is however not possible to
+        #: figure out which ones.  If you require this knowledge you
+        #: should use a :func:`result_callback`.
+        self.invoked_subcommand = None
+
+        if terminal_width is None and parent is not None:
+            terminal_width = parent.terminal_width
+
+        #: The width of the terminal (None is autodetection).
+        self.terminal_width = terminal_width
+
+        if max_content_width is None and parent is not None:
+            max_content_width = parent.max_content_width
+
+        #: The maximum width of formatted content (None implies a sensible
+        #: default which is 80 for most things).
+        self.max_content_width = max_content_width
+
+        if allow_extra_args is None:
+            allow_extra_args = command.allow_extra_args
+
+        #: Indicates if the context allows extra args or if it should
+        #: fail on parsing.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        self.allow_extra_args = allow_extra_args
+
+        if allow_interspersed_args is None:
+            allow_interspersed_args = command.allow_interspersed_args
+
+        #: Indicates if the context allows mixing of arguments and
+        #: options or not.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        self.allow_interspersed_args = allow_interspersed_args
+
+        if ignore_unknown_options is None:
+            ignore_unknown_options = command.ignore_unknown_options
+
+        #: Instructs click to ignore options that a command does not
+        #: understand and will store it on the context for later
+        #: processing.  This is primarily useful for situations where you
+        #: want to call into external programs.  Generally this pattern is
+        #: strongly discouraged because it's not possibly to losslessly
+        #: forward all arguments.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        self.ignore_unknown_options = ignore_unknown_options
+
+        if help_option_names is None:
+            if parent is not None:
+                help_option_names = parent.help_option_names
+            else:
+                help_option_names = ["--help"]
+
+        #: The names for the help options.
+        self.help_option_names = help_option_names
+
+        if token_normalize_func is None and parent is not None:
+            token_normalize_func = parent.token_normalize_func
+
+        #: An optional normalization function for tokens.  This is
+        #: options, choices, commands etc.
+        self.token_normalize_func = token_normalize_func
+
+        #: Indicates if resilient parsing is enabled.  In that case Click
+        #: will do its best to not cause any failures and default values
+        #: will be ignored. Useful for completion.
+        self.resilient_parsing = resilient_parsing
+
+        # If there is no envvar prefix yet, but the parent has one and
+        # the command on this level has a name, we can expand the envvar
+        # prefix automatically.
+        if auto_envvar_prefix is None:
+            if (
+                parent is not None
+                and parent.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
+                and self.info_name is not None
+            ):
+                auto_envvar_prefix = (
+                    f"{parent.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.info_name.upper()}"
+                )
+        else:
+            auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.upper()
+
+        if auto_envvar_prefix is not None:
+            auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.replace("-", "_")
+
+        self.auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix
+
+        if color is None and parent is not None:
+            color = parent.color
+
+        #: Controls if styling output is wanted or not.
+        self.color = color
+
+        if show_default is None and parent is not None:
+            show_default = parent.show_default
+
+        #: Show option default values when formatting help text.
+        self.show_default = show_default
+
+        self._close_callbacks = []
+        self._depth = 0
+        self._parameter_source = {}
+        # Tracks whether the option that currently owns each parameter slot in
+        # :attr:`params` had its ``default`` set explicitly by the user. Used
+        # to tie-break feature-switch groups where multiple options share a
+        # parameter name and both fall back to their default value.
+        # Refs: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3403
+        self._param_default_explicit = {}
+        self._exit_stack = ExitStack()
+
+    @property
+    def protected_args(self) -> list[str]:
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'protected_args' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0."
+            " 'args' will contain remaining unparsed tokens.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self._protected_args
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation. This traverses the entire CLI
+        structure.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            with Context(cli) as ctx:
+                info = ctx.to_info_dict()
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return {
+            "command": self.command.to_info_dict(self),
+            "info_name": self.info_name,
+            "allow_extra_args": self.allow_extra_args,
+            "allow_interspersed_args": self.allow_interspersed_args,
+            "ignore_unknown_options": self.ignore_unknown_options,
+            "auto_envvar_prefix": self.auto_envvar_prefix,
+        }
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        self._depth += 1
+        push_context(self)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        self._depth -= 1
+        exit_result: bool | None = None
+        if self._depth == 0:
+            exit_result = self._close_with_exception_info(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
+        pop_context()
+
+        return exit_result
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def scope(self, cleanup: bool = True) -> cabc.Generator[Context]:
+        """This helper method can be used with the context object to promote
+        it to the current thread local (see :func:`get_current_context`).
+        The default behavior of this is to invoke the cleanup functions which
+        can be disabled by setting `cleanup` to `False`.  The cleanup
+        functions are typically used for things such as closing file handles.
+
+        If the cleanup is intended the context object can also be directly
+        used as a context manager.
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            with ctx.scope():
+                assert get_current_context() is ctx
+
+        This is equivalent::
+
+            with ctx:
+                assert get_current_context() is ctx
+
+        .. versionadded:: 5.0
+
+        :param cleanup: controls if the cleanup functions should be run or
+                        not.  The default is to run these functions.  In
+                        some situations the context only wants to be
+                        temporarily pushed in which case this can be disabled.
+                        Nested pushes automatically defer the cleanup.
+        """
+        if not cleanup:
+            self._depth += 1
+        try:
+            with self as rv:
+                yield rv
+        finally:
+            if not cleanup:
+                self._depth -= 1
+
+    @property
+    def meta(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """This is a dictionary which is shared with all the contexts
+        that are nested.  It exists so that click utilities can store some
+        state here if they need to.  It is however the responsibility of
+        that code to manage this dictionary well.
+
+        The keys are supposed to be unique dotted strings.  For instance
+        module paths are a good choice for it.  What is stored in there is
+        irrelevant for the operation of click.  However what is important is
+        that code that places data here adheres to the general semantics of
+        the system.
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            LANG_KEY = f'{__name__}.lang'
+
+            def set_language(value):
+                ctx = get_current_context()
+                ctx.meta[LANG_KEY] = value
+
+            def get_language():
+                return get_current_context().meta.get(LANG_KEY, 'en_US')
+
+        .. versionadded:: 5.0
+        """
+        return self._meta
+
+    def make_formatter(self) -> HelpFormatter:
+        """Creates the :class:`~click.HelpFormatter` for the help and
+        usage output.
+
+        To quickly customize the formatter class used without overriding
+        this method, set the :attr:`formatter_class` attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`formatter_class` attribute.
+        """
+        return self.formatter_class(
+            width=self.terminal_width, max_width=self.max_content_width
+        )
+
+    def with_resource(self, context_manager: AbstractContextManager[V]) -> V:
+        """Register a resource as if it were used in a ``with``
+        statement. The resource will be cleaned up when the context is
+        popped.
+
+        Uses :meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.enter_context`. It calls the
+        resource's ``__enter__()`` method and returns the result. When
+        the context is popped, it closes the stack, which calls the
+        resource's ``__exit__()`` method.
+
+        To register a cleanup function for something that isn't a
+        context manager, use :meth:`call_on_close`. Or use something
+        from :mod:`contextlib` to turn it into a context manager first.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            @click.group()
+            @click.option("--name")
+            @click.pass_context
+            def cli(ctx):
+                ctx.obj = ctx.with_resource(connect_db(name))
+
+        :param context_manager: The context manager to enter.
+        :return: Whatever ``context_manager.__enter__()`` returns.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return self._exit_stack.enter_context(context_manager)
+
+    def call_on_close(self, f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> t.Callable[..., t.Any]:
+        """Register a function to be called when the context tears down.
+
+        This can be used to close resources opened during the script
+        execution. Resources that support Python's context manager
+        protocol which would be used in a ``with`` statement should be
+        registered with :meth:`with_resource` instead.
+
+        :param f: The function to execute on teardown.
+        """
+        return self._exit_stack.callback(f)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Invoke all close callbacks registered with
+        :meth:`call_on_close`, and exit all context managers entered
+        with :meth:`with_resource`.
+        """
+        self._close_with_exception_info(None, None, None)
+
+    def _close_with_exception_info(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        """Unwind the exit stack by calling its :meth:`__exit__` providing the exception
+        information to allow for exception handling by the various resources registered
+        using :meth;`with_resource`
+
+        :return: Whatever ``exit_stack.__exit__()`` returns.
+        """
+        exit_result = self._exit_stack.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
+        # In case the context is reused, create a new exit stack.
+        self._exit_stack = ExitStack()
+
+        return exit_result
+
+    @property
+    def command_path(self) -> str:
+        """The computed command path.  This is used for the ``usage``
+        information on the help page.  It's automatically created by
+        combining the info names of the chain of contexts to the root.
+        """
+        rv = ""
+        if self.info_name is not None:
+            rv = self.info_name
+        if self.parent is not None:
+            parent_command_path = [self.parent.command_path]
+
+            if isinstance(self.parent.command, Command):
+                for param in self.parent.command.get_params(self):
+                    parent_command_path.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(self))
+
+            rv = f"{' '.join(parent_command_path)} {rv}"
+        return rv.lstrip()
+
+    def find_root(self) -> Context:
+        """Finds the outermost context."""
+        node = self
+        while node.parent is not None:
+            node = node.parent
+        return node
+
+    def find_object(self, object_type: type[V]) -> V | None:
+        """Finds the closest object of a given type."""
+        node: Context | None = self
+
+        while node is not None:
+            if isinstance(node.obj, object_type):
+                return node.obj
+
+            node = node.parent
+
+        return None
+
+    def ensure_object(self, object_type: type[V]) -> V:
+        """Like :meth:`find_object` but sets the innermost object to a
+        new instance of `object_type` if it does not exist.
+        """
+        rv = self.find_object(object_type)
+        if rv is None:
+            self.obj = rv = object_type()
+        return rv
+
+    def _default_map_has(self, name: str | None) -> bool:
+        """Check if :attr:`default_map` contains a real value for ``name``.
+
+        Returns ``False`` when the key is absent, the map is ``None``,
+        ``name`` is ``None``, or the stored value is the internal
+        :data:`UNSET` sentinel.
+        """
+        return (
+            name is not None
+            and self.default_map is not None
+            and name in self.default_map
+            and self.default_map[name] is not UNSET
+        )
+
+    @t.overload
+    def lookup_default(
+        self, name: str, call: t.Literal[True] = True
+    ) -> t.Any | None: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def lookup_default(
+        self, name: str, call: t.Literal[False] = ...
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None: ...
+
+    def lookup_default(self, name: str, call: bool = True) -> t.Any | None:
+        """Get the default for a parameter from :attr:`default_map`.
+
+        :param name: Name of the parameter.
+        :param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to
+            return the callable instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``call`` parameter.
+        """
+        if not self._default_map_has(name):
+            return None
+
+        # Assert to make the type checker happy.
+        assert self.default_map is not None
+        value = self.default_map[name]
+
+        if call and callable(value):
+            return value()
+
+        return value
+
+    def fail(self, message: str) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Aborts the execution of the program with a specific error
+        message.
+
+        :param message: the error message to fail with.
+        """
+        raise UsageError(message, self)
+
+    def abort(self) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Aborts the script."""
+        raise Abort()
+
+    def exit(self, code: int = 0) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Exits the application with a given exit code.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            Callbacks and context managers registered with :meth:`call_on_close`
+            and :meth:`with_resource` are closed before exiting.
+        """
+        self.close()
+        raise Exit(code)
+
+    def get_usage(self) -> str:
+        """Helper method to get formatted usage string for the current
+        context and command.
+        """
+        return self.command.get_usage(self)
+
+    def get_help(self) -> str:
+        """Helper method to get formatted help page for the current
+        context and command.
+        """
+        return self.command.get_help(self)
+
+    def _make_sub_context(self, command: Command) -> Context:
+        """Create a new context of the same type as this context, but
+        for a new command.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        return type(self)(command, info_name=command.name, parent=self)
+
+    @t.overload
+    def invoke(
+        self, callback: t.Callable[..., V], /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> V: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def invoke(self, callback: Command, /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any: ...
+
+    def invoke(
+        self, callback: Command | t.Callable[..., V], /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Any | V:
+        """Invokes a command callback in exactly the way it expects.  There
+        are two ways to invoke this method:
+
+        1.  the first argument can be a callback and all other arguments and
+            keyword arguments are forwarded directly to the function.
+        2.  the first argument is a click command object.  In that case all
+            arguments are forwarded as well but proper click parameters
+            (options and click arguments) must be keyword arguments and Click
+            will fill in defaults.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
+            passed if :meth:`forward` is called at multiple levels.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.2
+            A new context is created, and missing arguments use default values.
+        """
+        if isinstance(callback, Command):
+            other_cmd = callback
+
+            if other_cmd.callback is None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "The given command does not have a callback that can be invoked."
+                )
+            else:
+                callback = t.cast("t.Callable[..., V]", other_cmd.callback)
+
+            ctx = self._make_sub_context(other_cmd)
+
+            for param in other_cmd.params:
+                if param.name not in kwargs and param.expose_value:
+                    default_value = param.get_default(ctx)
+                    # We explicitly hide the :attr:`UNSET` value to the user, as we
+                    # choose to make it an implementation detail. And because ``invoke``
+                    # has been designed as part of Click public API, we return ``None``
+                    # instead. Refs:
+                    # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3066
+                    # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3065
+                    # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3068
+                    if default_value is UNSET:
+                        default_value = None
+                    kwargs[param.name] = param.type_cast_value(ctx, default_value)
+
+            # Track all kwargs as params, so that forward() will pass
+            # them on in subsequent calls.
+            ctx.params.update(kwargs)
+        else:
+            ctx = self
+
+        with augment_usage_errors(self):
+            with ctx:
+                return callback(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def forward(self, cmd: Command, /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Similar to :meth:`invoke` but fills in default keyword
+        arguments from the current context if the other command expects
+        it.  This cannot invoke callbacks directly, only other commands.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
+            passed if ``forward`` is called at multiple levels.
+        """
+        # Can only forward to other commands, not direct callbacks.
+        if not isinstance(cmd, Command):
+            raise TypeError("Callback is not a command.")
+
+        for param in self.params:
+            if param not in kwargs:
+                kwargs[param] = self.params[param]
+
+        return self.invoke(cmd, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def set_parameter_source(self, name: str, source: ParameterSource) -> None:
+        """Set the source of a parameter. This indicates the location
+        from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
+
+        :param name: The name of the parameter.
+        :param source: A member of :class:`~click.core.ParameterSource`.
+        """
+        self._parameter_source[name] = source
+
+    def get_parameter_source(self, name: str) -> ParameterSource | None:
+        """Get the source of a parameter. This indicates the location
+        from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
+
+        This can be useful for determining when a user specified a value
+        on the command line that is the same as the default value. It
+        will be :attr:`~click.core.ParameterSource.DEFAULT` only if the
+        value was actually taken from the default.
+
+        :param name: The name of the parameter.
+        :rtype: ParameterSource
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Returns ``None`` if the parameter was not provided from any
+            source.
+        """
+        return self._parameter_source.get(name)
+
+
+class Command:
+    """Commands are the basic building block of command line interfaces in
+    Click.  A basic command handles command line parsing and might dispatch
+    more parsing to commands nested below it.
+
+    :param name: the name of the command to use unless a group overrides it.
+    :param context_settings: an optional dictionary with defaults that are
+                             passed to the context object.
+    :param callback: the callback to invoke.  This is optional.
+    :param params: the parameters to register with this command.  This can
+                   be either :class:`Option` or :class:`Argument` objects.
+    :param help: the help string to use for this command.
+    :param epilog: like the help string but it's printed at the end of the
+                   help page after everything else.
+    :param short_help: the short help to use for this command.  This is
+                       shown on the command listing of the parent command.
+    :param add_help_option: by default each command registers a ``--help``
+                            option.  This can be disabled by this parameter.
+    :param no_args_is_help: this controls what happens if no arguments are
+                            provided.  This option is disabled by default.
+                            If enabled this will add ``--help`` as argument
+                            if no arguments are passed
+    :param hidden: hide this command from help outputs.
+    :param deprecated: If ``True`` or non-empty string, issues a message
+                        indicating that the command is deprecated and highlights
+                        its deprecation in --help. The message can be customized
+                        by using a string as the value.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        This is the base class for all commands, not ``BaseCommand``.
+        ``deprecated`` can be set to a string as well to customize the
+        deprecation message.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        ``help``, ``epilog``, and ``short_help`` are stored unprocessed,
+        all formatting is done when outputting help text, not at init,
+        and is done even if not using the ``@command`` decorator.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added a ``repr`` showing the command name.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+        Added the ``no_args_is_help`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``context_settings`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    #: The context class to create with :meth:`make_context`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    context_class: type[Context] = Context
+
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_extra_args` flag.
+    allow_extra_args = False
+
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_interspersed_args` flag.
+    allow_interspersed_args = True
+
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.ignore_unknown_options` flag.
+    ignore_unknown_options = False
+
+    name: str | None
+    context_settings: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]
+    callback: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None
+    params: list[Parameter]
+    help: str | None
+    epilog: str | None
+    options_metavar: str | None
+    short_help: str | None
+    add_help_option: bool
+    _help_option: Option | None
+    no_args_is_help: bool
+    hidden: bool
+    deprecated: bool | str
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str | None,
+        context_settings: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        callback: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None,
+        params: list[Parameter] | None = None,
+        help: str | None = None,
+        epilog: str | None = None,
+        short_help: str | None = None,
+        options_metavar: str | None = "[OPTIONS]",
+        add_help_option: bool = True,
+        no_args_is_help: bool = False,
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        deprecated: bool | str = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: the name the command thinks it has.  Upon registering a command
+        #: on a :class:`Group` the group will default the command name
+        #: with this information.  You should instead use the
+        #: :class:`Context`\'s :attr:`~Context.info_name` attribute.
+        self.name = name
+
+        if context_settings is None:
+            context_settings = {}
+
+        #: an optional dictionary with defaults passed to the context.
+        self.context_settings = context_settings
+
+        #: the callback to execute when the command fires.  This might be
+        #: `None` in which case nothing happens.
+        self.callback = callback
+        #: the list of parameters for this command in the order they
+        #: should show up in the help page and execute.  Eager parameters
+        #: will automatically be handled before non eager ones.
+        self.params = params or []
+        self.help = help
+        self.epilog = epilog
+        self.options_metavar = options_metavar
+        self.short_help = short_help
+        self.add_help_option = add_help_option
+        self._help_option = None
+        self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help
+        self.hidden = hidden
+        self.deprecated = deprecated
+
+    def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "params": [param.to_info_dict() for param in self.get_params(ctx)],
+            "help": self.help,
+            "epilog": self.epilog,
+            "short_help": self.short_help,
+            "hidden": self.hidden,
+            "deprecated": self.deprecated,
+        }
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}>"
+
+    def get_usage(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        """Formats the usage line into a string and returns it.
+
+        Calls :meth:`format_usage` internally.
+        """
+        formatter = ctx.make_formatter()
+        self.format_usage(ctx, formatter)
+        return formatter.getvalue().rstrip("\n")
+
+    def get_params(self, ctx: Context) -> list[Parameter]:
+        params = self.params
+        help_option = self.get_help_option(ctx)
+
+        if help_option is not None:
+            params = [*params, help_option]
+
+        if __debug__:
+            import warnings
+
+            opts = [opt for param in params for opt in param.opts]
+            opts_counter = Counter(opts)
+            duplicate_opts = (opt for opt, count in opts_counter.items() if count > 1)
+
+            for duplicate_opt in duplicate_opts:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        f"The parameter {duplicate_opt} is used more than once. "
+                        "Remove its duplicate as parameters should be unique."
+                    ),
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+
+        return params
+
+    def format_usage(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the usage line into the formatter.
+
+        This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_usage`.
+        """
+        pieces = self.collect_usage_pieces(ctx)
+        formatter.write_usage(ctx.command_path, " ".join(pieces))
+
+    def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        """Returns all the pieces that go into the usage line and returns
+        it as a list of strings.
+        """
+        rv = [self.options_metavar] if self.options_metavar else []
+
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            rv.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(ctx))
+
+        return rv
+
+    def get_help_option_names(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        """Returns the names for the help option."""
+        all_names = set(ctx.help_option_names)
+        for param in self.params:
+            all_names.difference_update(param.opts)
+            all_names.difference_update(param.secondary_opts)
+        return list(all_names)
+
+    def get_help_option(self, ctx: Context) -> Option | None:
+        """Returns the help option object.
+
+        Skipped if :attr:`add_help_option` is ``False``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1.8
+            The help option is now cached to avoid creating it multiple times.
+        """
+        help_option_names = self.get_help_option_names(ctx)
+
+        if not help_option_names or not self.add_help_option:
+            return None
+
+        # Cache the help option object in private _help_option attribute to
+        # avoid creating it multiple times. Not doing this will break the
+        # callback ordering by iter_params_for_processing(), which relies on
+        # object comparison.
+        if self._help_option is None:
+            # Avoid circular import.
+            from .decorators import help_option
+
+            # Apply help_option decorator and pop resulting option
+            help_option(*help_option_names)(self)
+            self._help_option = self.params.pop()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        return self._help_option
+
+    def make_parser(self, ctx: Context) -> _OptionParser:
+        """Creates the underlying option parser for this command."""
+        parser = _OptionParser(ctx)
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            param.add_to_parser(parser, ctx)
+        return parser
+
+    def get_help(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        """Formats the help into a string and returns it.
+
+        Calls :meth:`format_help` internally.
+        """
+        formatter = ctx.make_formatter()
+        self.format_help(ctx, formatter)
+        return formatter.getvalue().rstrip("\n")
+
+    def get_short_help_str(self, limit: int = 45) -> str:
+        """Gets short help for the command or makes it by shortening the
+        long help string.
+        """
+        if self.short_help:
+            text = inspect.cleandoc(self.short_help)
+        elif self.help:
+            text = make_default_short_help(self.help, limit)
+        else:
+            text = ""
+
+        if self.deprecated:
+            text = f"{_(text)} {_format_deprecated_label(self.deprecated)}"
+
+        return text.strip()
+
+    def format_help(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the help into the formatter if it exists.
+
+        This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_help`.
+
+        This calls the following methods:
+
+        -   :meth:`format_usage`
+        -   :meth:`format_help_text`
+        -   :meth:`format_options`
+        -   :meth:`format_epilog`
+        """
+        self.format_usage(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_help_text(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_options(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_epilog(ctx, formatter)
+
+    def format_help_text(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the help text to the formatter if it exists."""
+        if self.help is not None:
+            # truncate the help text to the first form feed
+            text = inspect.cleandoc(self.help).partition("\f")[0]
+        else:
+            text = ""
+
+        if self.deprecated:
+            label = _format_deprecated_label(self.deprecated)
+            text = f"{_(text)} {label}" if text else label
+
+        if text:
+            formatter.write_paragraph()
+
+            with formatter.indentation():
+                formatter.write_text(text)
+
+    def format_options(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes all the options into the formatter if they exist."""
+        opts = []
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            rv = param.get_help_record(ctx)
+            if rv is not None:
+                opts.append(rv)
+
+        if opts:
+            with formatter.section(_("Options")):
+                formatter.write_dl(opts)
+
+    def format_epilog(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the epilog into the formatter if it exists."""
+        if self.epilog:
+            epilog = inspect.cleandoc(self.epilog)
+            formatter.write_paragraph()
+
+            with formatter.indentation():
+                formatter.write_text(epilog)
+
+    def make_context(
+        self,
+        info_name: str | None,
+        args: list[str],
+        parent: Context | None = None,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> Context:
+        """This function when given an info name and arguments will kick
+        off the parsing and create a new :class:`Context`.  It does not
+        invoke the actual command callback though.
+
+        To quickly customize the context class used without overriding
+        this method, set the :attr:`context_class` attribute.
+
+        :param info_name: the info name for this invocation.  Generally this
+                          is the most descriptive name for the script or
+                          command.  For the toplevel script it's usually
+                          the name of the script, for commands below it's
+                          the name of the command.
+        :param args: the arguments to parse as list of strings.
+        :param parent: the parent context if available.
+        :param extra: extra keyword arguments forwarded to the context
+                      constructor.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`context_class` attribute.
+        """
+        for key, value in self.context_settings.items():
+            if key not in extra:
+                extra[key] = value
+
+        ctx = self.context_class(self, info_name=info_name, parent=parent, **extra)
+
+        with ctx.scope(cleanup=False):
+            self.parse_args(ctx, args)
+        return ctx
+
+    def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        if not args and self.no_args_is_help and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            raise NoArgsIsHelpError(ctx)
+
+        parser = self.make_parser(ctx)
+        opts, args, param_order = parser.parse_args(args=args)
+
+        for param in iter_params_for_processing(param_order, self.get_params(ctx)):
+            _, args = param.handle_parse_result(ctx, opts, args)
+
+        # We now have all parameters' values into `ctx.params`, but the data may contain
+        # the `UNSET` sentinel.
+        # Convert `UNSET` to `None` to ensure that the user doesn't see `UNSET`.
+        #
+        # Waiting until after the initial parse to convert allows us to treat `UNSET`
+        # more like a missing value when multiple params use the same name.
+        # Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3071
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3079
+        for name, value in ctx.params.items():
+            if value is UNSET:
+                ctx.params[name] = None
+
+        if args and not ctx.allow_extra_args and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            ctx.fail(
+                ngettext(
+                    "Got unexpected extra argument ({args})",
+                    "Got unexpected extra arguments ({args})",
+                    len(args),
+                ).format(args=" ".join(map(str, args)))
+            )
+
+        ctx.args = args
+        ctx._opt_prefixes.update(parser._opt_prefixes)
+        return args
+
+    def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """Given a context, this invokes the attached callback (if it exists)
+        in the right way.
+        """
+        if self.deprecated:
+            message = _(
+                "DeprecationWarning: The command {name!r} is deprecated.{extra_message}"
+            ).format(
+                name=self.name,
+                extra_message=_format_deprecated_suffix(self.deprecated),
+            )
+            echo(style(message, fg="red"), err=True)
+
+        if self.callback is not None:
+            return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
+        at the names of options and chained multi-commands.
+
+        Any command could be part of a chained multi-command, so sibling
+        commands are valid at any point during command completion.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        results: list[CompletionItem] = []
+
+        if incomplete and not incomplete[0].isalnum():
+            for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+                if (
+                    not isinstance(param, Option)
+                    or param.hidden
+                    or (
+                        not param.multiple
+                        and ctx.get_parameter_source(param.name)
+                        is ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+                    )
+                ):
+                    continue
+
+                results.extend(
+                    CompletionItem(name, help=param.help)
+                    for name in [*param.opts, *param.secondary_opts]
+                    if name.startswith(incomplete)
+                )
+
+        while ctx.parent is not None:
+            ctx = ctx.parent
+
+            if isinstance(ctx.command, Group) and ctx.command.chain:
+                results.extend(
+                    CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str())
+                    for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete)
+                    if name not in ctx._protected_args
+                )
+
+        return results
+
+    @t.overload
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        prog_name: str | None = None,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+        standalone_mode: t.Literal[True] = True,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.NoReturn: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        prog_name: str | None = None,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+        standalone_mode: bool = ...,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Any: ...
+
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        prog_name: str | None = None,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+        standalone_mode: bool = True,
+        windows_expand_args: bool = True,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """This is the way to invoke a script with all the bells and
+        whistles as a command line application.  This will always terminate
+        the application after a call.  If this is not wanted, ``SystemExit``
+        needs to be caught.
+
+        This method is also available by directly calling the instance of
+        a :class:`Command`.
+
+        :param args: the arguments that should be used for parsing.  If not
+                     provided, ``sys.argv[1:]`` is used.
+        :param prog_name: the program name that should be used.  By default
+                          the program name is constructed by taking the file
+                          name from ``sys.argv[0]``.
+        :param complete_var: the environment variable that controls the
+                             bash completion support.  The default is
+                             ``"_<prog_name>_COMPLETE"`` with prog_name in
+                             uppercase.
+        :param standalone_mode: the default behavior is to invoke the script
+                                in standalone mode.  Click will then
+                                handle exceptions and convert them into
+                                error messages and the function will never
+                                return but shut down the interpreter.  If
+                                this is set to `False` they will be
+                                propagated to the caller and the return
+                                value of this function is the return value
+                                of :meth:`invoke`.
+        :param windows_expand_args: Expand glob patterns, user dir, and
+            env vars in command line args on Windows.
+        :param extra: extra keyword arguments are forwarded to the context
+                      constructor.  See :class:`Context` for more information.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+            Added the ``windows_expand_args`` parameter to allow
+            disabling command line arg expansion on Windows.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            When taking arguments from ``sys.argv`` on Windows, glob
+            patterns, user dir, and env vars are expanded.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+           Added the ``standalone_mode`` parameter.
+        """
+        if args is None:
+            args = sys.argv[1:]
+
+            if os.name == "nt" and windows_expand_args:
+                args = _expand_args(args)
+        else:
+            args = list(args)
+
+        if prog_name is None:
+            prog_name = _detect_program_name()
+
+        # Process shell completion requests and exit early.
+        self._main_shell_completion(extra, prog_name, complete_var)
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                with self.make_context(prog_name, args, **extra) as ctx:
+                    rv = self.invoke(ctx)
+                    if not standalone_mode:
+                        return rv
+                    # it's not safe to `ctx.exit(rv)` here!
+                    # note that `rv` may actually contain data like "1" which
+                    # has obvious effects
+                    # more subtle case: `rv=[None, None]` can come out of
+                    # chained commands which all returned `None` -- so it's not
+                    # even always obvious that `rv` indicates success/failure
+                    # by its truthiness/falsiness
+                    ctx.exit()
+            except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt) as e:
+                echo(file=sys.stderr)
+                raise Abort() from e
+            except ClickException as e:
+                if not standalone_mode:
+                    raise
+                e.show()
+                sys.exit(e.exit_code)
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.errno == errno.EPIPE:
+                    sys.stdout = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stdout))
+                    sys.stderr = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stderr))
+                    sys.exit(1)
+                else:
+                    raise
+        except Exit as e:
+            if standalone_mode:
+                sys.exit(e.exit_code)
+            else:
+                # in non-standalone mode, return the exit code
+                # note that this is only reached if `self.invoke` above raises
+                # an Exit explicitly -- thus bypassing the check there which
+                # would return its result
+                # the results of non-standalone execution may therefore be
+                # somewhat ambiguous: if there are codepaths which lead to
+                # `ctx.exit(1)` and to `return 1`, the caller won't be able to
+                # tell the difference between the two
+                return e.exit_code
+        except Abort:
+            if not standalone_mode:
+                raise
+            echo(_("Aborted!"), file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def _main_shell_completion(
+        self,
+        ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        prog_name: str,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Check if the shell is asking for tab completion, process
+        that, then exit early. Called from :meth:`main` before the
+        program is invoked.
+
+        :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+        :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+            the completion instruction. Defaults to
+            ``_{PROG_NAME}_COMPLETE``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+            Dots (``.``) in ``prog_name`` are replaced with underscores (``_``).
+        """
+        if complete_var is None:
+            complete_name = prog_name.replace("-", "_").replace(".", "_")
+            complete_var = f"_{complete_name}_COMPLETE".upper()
+
+        instruction = os.environ.get(complete_var)
+
+        if not instruction:
+            return
+
+        from .shell_completion import shell_complete
+
+        rv = shell_complete(self, ctx_args, prog_name, complete_var, instruction)
+        sys.exit(rv)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Alias for :meth:`main`."""
+        return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class _FakeSubclassCheck(type):
+    def __subclasscheck__(cls, subclass: type) -> bool:
+        return issubclass(subclass, cls.__bases__[0])
+
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(instance, cls.__bases__[0])
+
+
+class _BaseCommand(Command, metaclass=_FakeSubclassCheck):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 8.2
+        Will be removed in Click 9.0. Use ``Command`` instead.
+    """
+
+
+class Group(Command):
+    """A group is a command that nests other commands (or more groups).
+
+    :param name: The name of the group command.
+    :param commands: Map names to :class:`Command` objects. Can be a list, which
+        will use :attr:`Command.name` as the keys.
+    :param invoke_without_command: Invoke the group's callback even if a
+        subcommand is not given.
+    :param no_args_is_help: If no arguments are given, show the group's help and
+        exit. Defaults to the opposite of ``invoke_without_command``.
+    :param subcommand_metavar: How to represent the subcommand argument in help.
+        The default will represent whether ``chain`` is set or not.
+    :param chain: Allow passing more than one subcommand argument. After parsing
+        a command's arguments, if any arguments remain another command will be
+        matched, and so on.
+    :param result_callback: A function to call after the group's and
+        subcommand's callbacks. The value returned by the subcommand is passed.
+        If ``chain`` is enabled, the value will be a list of values returned by
+        all the commands. If ``invoke_without_command`` is enabled, the value
+        will be the value returned by the group's callback, or an empty list if
+        ``chain`` is enabled.
+    :param kwargs: Other arguments passed to :class:`Command`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        The ``commands`` argument can be a list of command objects.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Merged with and replaces the ``MultiCommand`` base class.
+    """
+
+    allow_extra_args = True
+    allow_interspersed_args = False
+
+    #: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`command` decorator
+    #: as the default :class:`Command` class. This is useful to make all
+    #: subcommands use a custom command class.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    command_class: type[Command] | None = None
+
+    #: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`group` decorator
+    #: as the default :class:`Group` class. This is useful to make all
+    #: subgroups use a custom group class.
+    #:
+    #: If set to the special value :class:`type` (literally
+    #: ``group_class = type``), this group's class will be used as the
+    #: default class. This makes a custom group class continue to make
+    #: custom groups.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    group_class: type[Group] | type[type] | None = None
+    # Literal[type] isn't valid, so use Type[type]
+
+    commands: cabc.MutableMapping[str, Command]
+    invoke_without_command: bool
+    subcommand_metavar: str
+    chain: bool
+    _result_callback: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        commands: cabc.MutableMapping[str, Command]
+        | cabc.Sequence[Command]
+        | None = None,
+        invoke_without_command: bool = False,
+        no_args_is_help: bool | None = None,
+        subcommand_metavar: str | None = None,
+        chain: bool = False,
+        result_callback: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, **kwargs)
+
+        if commands is None:
+            commands = {}
+        elif isinstance(commands, abc.Sequence):
+            commands = {c.name: c for c in commands if c.name is not None}
+
+        #: The registered subcommands by their exported names.
+        self.commands = commands
+
+        if no_args_is_help is None:
+            no_args_is_help = not invoke_without_command
+
+        self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help
+        self.invoke_without_command = invoke_without_command
+
+        if subcommand_metavar is None:
+            # When the group can run without a subcommand, the leading command
+            # token is optional, so wrap it in brackets to reflect that.
+            if chain:
+                if invoke_without_command:
+                    subcommand_metavar = "[COMMAND1] [ARGS]... [COMMAND2 [ARGS]...]..."
+                else:
+                    subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND1 [ARGS]... [COMMAND2 [ARGS]...]..."
+            elif invoke_without_command:
+                subcommand_metavar = "[COMMAND] [ARGS]..."
+            else:
+                subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND [ARGS]..."
+
+        self.subcommand_metavar = subcommand_metavar
+        self.chain = chain
+        # The result callback that is stored. This can be set or
+        # overridden with the :func:`result_callback` decorator.
+        self._result_callback = result_callback
+
+        if self.chain:
+            for param in self.params:
+                if isinstance(param, Argument) and not param.required:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "A group in chain mode cannot have optional arguments."
+                    )
+
+    def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict(ctx)
+        commands = {}
+
+        for name in self.list_commands(ctx):
+            command = self.get_command(ctx, name)
+
+            if command is None:
+                continue
+
+            sub_ctx = ctx._make_sub_context(command)
+
+            with sub_ctx.scope(cleanup=False):
+                commands[name] = command.to_info_dict(sub_ctx)
+
+        info_dict.update(commands=commands, chain=self.chain)
+        return info_dict
+
+    def add_command(self, cmd: Command, name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Registers another :class:`Command` with this group.  If the name
+        is not provided, the name of the command is used.
+        """
+        name = name or cmd.name
+        if name is None:
+            raise TypeError("Command has no name.")
+        _check_nested_chain(self, name, cmd, register=True)
+        self.commands[name] = cmd
+
+    @t.overload
+    def command(self, __func: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Command: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def command(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Command]: ...
+
+    def command(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Command] | Command:
+        """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a command to
+        the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`command` and
+        immediately registers the created command with this group by
+        calling :meth:`add_command`.
+
+        To customize the command class used, set the
+        :attr:`command_class` attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+            This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`command_class` attribute.
+        """
+        from .decorators import command
+
+        func: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None
+
+        if args and callable(args[0]):
+            assert len(args) == 1 and not kwargs, (
+                "Use 'command(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+            )
+            (func,) = args
+            args = ()
+
+        if self.command_class and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
+            kwargs["cls"] = self.command_class
+
+        def decorator(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Command:
+            cmd: Command = command(*args, **kwargs)(f)
+            self.add_command(cmd)
+            return cmd
+
+        if func is not None:
+            return decorator(func)
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @t.overload
+    def group(self, __func: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Group: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def group(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Group]: ...
+
+    def group(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Group] | Group:
+        """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a group to
+        the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`group` and
+        immediately registers the created group with this group by
+        calling :meth:`add_command`.
+
+        To customize the group class used, set the :attr:`group_class`
+        attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+            This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`group_class` attribute.
+        """
+        from .decorators import group
+
+        func: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None
+
+        if args and callable(args[0]):
+            assert len(args) == 1 and not kwargs, (
+                "Use 'group(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+            )
+            (func,) = args
+            args = ()
+
+        if self.group_class is not None and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
+            if self.group_class is type:
+                kwargs["cls"] = type(self)
+            else:
+                kwargs["cls"] = self.group_class
+
+        def decorator(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Group:
+            cmd: Group = group(*args, **kwargs)(f)
+            self.add_command(cmd)
+            return cmd
+
+        if func is not None:
+            return decorator(func)
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def result_callback(self, replace: bool = False) -> t.Callable[[F], F]:
+        """Adds a result callback to the command.  By default if a
+        result callback is already registered this will chain them but
+        this can be disabled with the `replace` parameter.  The result
+        callback is invoked with the return value of the subcommand
+        (or the list of return values from all subcommands if chaining
+        is enabled) as well as the parameters as they would be passed
+        to the main callback.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @click.group()
+            @click.option('-i', '--input', default=23)
+            def cli(input):
+                return 42
+
+            @cli.result_callback()
+            def process_result(result, input):
+                return result + input
+
+        :param replace: if set to `True` an already existing result
+                        callback will be removed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Renamed from ``resultcallback``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: F) -> F:
+            old_callback = self._result_callback
+
+            if old_callback is None or replace:
+                self._result_callback = f
+                return f
+
+            def function(value: t.Any, /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+                inner = old_callback(value, *args, **kwargs)
+                return f(inner, *args, **kwargs)
+
+            self._result_callback = rv = update_wrapper(t.cast(F, function), f)
+            return rv  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> Command | None:
+        """Given a context and a command name, this returns a :class:`Command`
+        object if it exists or returns ``None``.
+        """
+        return self.commands.get(cmd_name)
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        """Returns a list of subcommand names in the order they should appear."""
+        return sorted(self.commands)
+
+    def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        rv = super().collect_usage_pieces(ctx)
+        rv.append(self.subcommand_metavar)
+        return rv
+
+    def format_options(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        super().format_options(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_commands(ctx, formatter)
+
+    def format_commands(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Extra format methods for multi methods that adds all the commands
+        after the options.
+        """
+        commands = []
+        for subcommand in self.list_commands(ctx):
+            cmd = self.get_command(ctx, subcommand)
+            # What is this, the tool lied about a command.  Ignore it
+            if cmd is None:
+                continue
+            if cmd.hidden:
+                continue
+
+            commands.append((subcommand, cmd))
+
+        # allow for 3 times the default spacing
+        if len(commands):
+            limit = formatter.width - 6 - max(len(cmd[0]) for cmd in commands)
+
+            rows = []
+            for subcommand, cmd in commands:
+                help = cmd.get_short_help_str(limit)
+                rows.append((subcommand, help))
+
+            if rows:
+                with formatter.section(_("Commands")):
+                    formatter.write_dl(rows)
+
+    def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        if not args and self.no_args_is_help and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            raise NoArgsIsHelpError(ctx)
+
+        rest = super().parse_args(ctx, args)
+
+        if self.chain:
+            ctx._protected_args = rest
+            ctx.args = []
+        elif rest:
+            ctx._protected_args, ctx.args = rest[:1], rest[1:]
+
+        return ctx.args
+
+    def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        def _process_result(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+            if self._result_callback is not None:
+                value = ctx.invoke(self._result_callback, value, **ctx.params)
+            return value
+
+        if not ctx._protected_args:
+            if self.invoke_without_command:
+                # No subcommand was invoked, so the result callback is
+                # invoked with the group return value for regular
+                # groups, or an empty list for chained groups.
+                with ctx:
+                    rv = super().invoke(ctx)
+                    return _process_result([] if self.chain else rv)
+            ctx.fail(_("Missing command."))
+
+        # Fetch args back out
+        args = [*ctx._protected_args, *ctx.args]
+        ctx.args = []
+        ctx._protected_args = []
+
+        # If we're not in chain mode, we only allow the invocation of a
+        # single command but we also inform the current context about the
+        # name of the command to invoke.
+        if not self.chain:
+            # Make sure the context is entered so we do not clean up
+            # resources until the result processor has worked.
+            with ctx:
+                cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+                assert cmd is not None
+                ctx.invoked_subcommand = cmd_name
+                super().invoke(ctx)
+                sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx)
+                with sub_ctx:
+                    return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
+
+        # In chain mode we create the contexts step by step, but after the
+        # base command has been invoked.  Because at that point we do not
+        # know the subcommands yet, the invoked subcommand attribute is
+        # set to ``*`` to inform the command that subcommands are executed
+        # but nothing else.
+        with ctx:
+            ctx.invoked_subcommand = "*" if args else None
+            super().invoke(ctx)
+
+            # Otherwise we make every single context and invoke them in a
+            # chain.  In that case the return value to the result processor
+            # is the list of all invoked subcommand's results.
+            contexts = []
+            while args:
+                cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+                assert cmd is not None
+                sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(
+                    cmd_name,
+                    args,
+                    parent=ctx,
+                    allow_extra_args=True,
+                    allow_interspersed_args=False,
+                )
+                contexts.append(sub_ctx)
+                args, sub_ctx.args = sub_ctx.args, []
+
+            rv = []
+            for sub_ctx in contexts:
+                with sub_ctx:
+                    rv.append(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
+            return _process_result(rv)
+
+    def resolve_command(
+        self, ctx: Context, args: list[str]
+    ) -> tuple[str | None, Command | None, list[str]]:
+        cmd_name = make_str(args[0])
+
+        # Get the command
+        cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+        # If we can't find the command but there is a normalization
+        # function available, we try with that one.
+        if cmd is None and ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
+            cmd_name = ctx.token_normalize_func(cmd_name)
+            cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+        # If we don't find the command we want to show an error message
+        # to the user that it was not provided.  However, there is
+        # something else we should do: if the first argument looks like
+        # an option we want to kick off parsing again for arguments to
+        # resolve things like --help which now should go to the main
+        # place.
+        if cmd is None and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            if _split_opt(cmd_name)[0]:
+                self.parse_args(ctx, args)
+            raise NoSuchCommand(cmd_name, possibilities=self.commands, ctx=ctx)
+        return cmd_name if cmd else None, cmd, args[1:]
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
+        at the names of options, subcommands, and chained
+        multi-commands.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        results = [
+            CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str())
+            for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete)
+        ]
+        results.extend(super().shell_complete(ctx, incomplete))
+        return results
+
+
+class _MultiCommand(Group, metaclass=_FakeSubclassCheck):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 8.2
+        Will be removed in Click 9.0. Use ``Group`` instead.
+    """
+
+
+class CommandCollection(Group):
+    """A :class:`Group` that looks up subcommands on other groups. If a command
+    is not found on this group, each registered source is checked in order.
+    Parameters on a source are not added to this group, and a source's callback
+    is not invoked when invoking its commands. In other words, this "flattens"
+    commands in many groups into this one group.
+
+    :param name: The name of the group command.
+    :param sources: A list of :class:`Group` objects to look up commands from.
+    :param kwargs: Other arguments passed to :class:`Group`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        This is a subclass of ``Group``. Commands are looked up first on this
+        group, then each of its sources.
+    """
+
+    sources: list[Group]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        sources: list[Group] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, **kwargs)
+        #: The list of registered groups.
+        self.sources = sources or []
+
+    def add_source(self, group: Group) -> None:
+        """Add a group as a source of commands."""
+        self.sources.append(group)
+
+    def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> Command | None:
+        rv = super().get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        for source in self.sources:
+            rv = source.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+            if rv is not None:
+                if self.chain:
+                    _check_nested_chain(self, cmd_name, rv)
+
+                return rv
+
+        return None
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        rv: set[str] = set(super().list_commands(ctx))
+
+        for source in self.sources:
+            rv.update(source.list_commands(ctx))
+
+        return sorted(rv)
+
+
+def _check_iter(value: cabc.Iterable[V]) -> cabc.Iterator[V]:
+    """Check if the value is iterable but not a string. Raises a type
+    error, or return an iterator over the value.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        raise TypeError
+
+    return iter(value)
+
+
+class Parameter(ABC):
+    r"""A parameter to a command comes in two versions: they are either
+    :class:`Option`\s or :class:`Argument`\s.  Other subclasses are currently
+    not supported by design as some of the internals for parsing are
+    intentionally not finalized.
+
+    Some settings are supported by both options and arguments.
+
+    :param param_decls: the parameter declarations for this option or
+                        argument.  This is a list of flags or argument
+                        names.
+    :param type: the type that should be used.  Either a :class:`ParamType`
+                 or a Python type.  The latter is converted into the former
+                 automatically if supported.
+    :param required: controls if this is optional or not.
+    :param default: the default value if omitted.  This can also be a callable,
+                    in which case it's invoked when the default is needed
+                    without any arguments.
+    :param callback: A function to further process or validate the value
+        after type conversion. It is called as ``f(ctx, param, value)``
+        and must return the value. It is called for all sources,
+        including prompts.
+    :param nargs: the number of arguments to match.  If not ``1`` the return
+                  value is a tuple instead of single value.  The default for
+                  nargs is ``1`` (except if the type is a tuple, then it's
+                  the arity of the tuple). If ``nargs=-1``, all remaining
+                  parameters are collected.
+    :param metavar: how the value is represented in the help page.
+    :param expose_value: if this is `True` then the value is passed onwards
+                         to the command callback and stored on the context,
+                         otherwise it's skipped.
+    :param is_eager: eager values are processed before non eager ones.  This
+                     should not be set for arguments or it will inverse the
+                     order of processing.
+    :param envvar: environment variable(s) that are used to provide a default value for
+        this parameter. This can be a string or a sequence of strings. If a sequence is
+        given, only the first non-empty environment variable is used for the parameter.
+    :param shell_complete: A function that returns custom shell
+        completions. Used instead of the param's type completion if
+        given. Takes ``ctx, param, incomplete`` and must return a list
+        of :class:`~click.shell_completion.CompletionItem` or a list of
+        strings.
+    :param deprecated: If ``True`` or non-empty string, issues a message
+                        indicating that the argument is deprecated and highlights
+                        its deprecation in --help. The message can be customized
+                        by using a string as the value. A deprecated parameter
+                        cannot be required, a ValueError will be raised otherwise.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+        Introduction of ``deprecated``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Adding duplicate parameter names to a :class:`~click.core.Command` will
+        result in a ``UserWarning`` being shown.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Adding duplicate parameter names to a :class:`~click.core.Command` will
+        result in a ``UserWarning`` being shown.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``process_value`` validates required parameters and bounded
+        ``nargs``, and invokes the parameter callback before returning
+        the value. This allows the callback to validate prompts.
+        ``full_process_value`` is removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``autocompletion`` is renamed to ``shell_complete`` and has new
+        semantics described above. The old name is deprecated and will
+        be removed in 8.1, until then it will be wrapped to match the
+        new requirements.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        For ``multiple=True, nargs>1``, the default must be a list of
+        tuples.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Setting a default is no longer required for ``nargs>1``, it will
+        default to ``None``. ``multiple=True`` or ``nargs=-1`` will
+        default to ``()``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+        Empty environment variables are ignored rather than taking the
+        empty string value. This makes it possible for scripts to clear
+        variables if they can't unset them.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Changed signature for parameter callback to also be passed the
+        parameter. The old callback format will still work, but it will
+        raise a warning to give you a chance to migrate the code easier.
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "parameter"
+
+    name: str
+    opts: list[str]
+    secondary_opts: list[str]
+    # `Parameter.type` is annotated in `__init__` to avoid confusing mypy
+    required: bool
+    callback: t.Callable[[Context, Parameter, t.Any], t.Any] | None
+    nargs: int
+    multiple: bool
+    expose_value: bool
+    default: t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None
+    _default_explicit: bool
+    is_eager: bool
+    metavar: str | None
+    envvar: str | cabc.Sequence[str] | None
+    _custom_shell_complete: (
+        t.Callable[[Context, Parameter, str], list[CompletionItem] | list[str]] | None
+    )
+    deprecated: bool | str
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        type: types.ParamType[t.Any] | t.Any | None = None,
+        required: bool = False,
+        # XXX The default historically embed two concepts:
+        # - the declaration of a Parameter object carrying the default (handy to
+        #   arbitrage the default value of coupled Parameters sharing the same
+        #   self.name, like flag options),
+        # - and the actual value of the default.
+        # It is confusing and is the source of many issues discussed in:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3030
+        # In the future, we might think of splitting it in two, not unlike
+        # Option.is_flag and Option.flag_value: we could have something like
+        # Parameter.is_default and Parameter.default_value.
+        default: t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None = UNSET,
+        callback: t.Callable[[Context, Parameter, t.Any], t.Any] | None = None,
+        nargs: int | None = None,
+        multiple: bool = False,
+        metavar: str | None = None,
+        expose_value: bool = True,
+        is_eager: bool = False,
+        envvar: str | cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        shell_complete: t.Callable[
+            [Context, Parameter, str], list[CompletionItem] | list[str]
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | str = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name, self.opts, self.secondary_opts = self._parse_decls(
+            param_decls or (), expose_value
+        )
+        self.type: types.ParamType[t.Any] = types.convert_type(type, default)
+
+        # Default nargs to what the type tells us if we have that
+        # information available.
+        if nargs is None:
+            if self.type.is_composite:
+                nargs = self.type.arity
+            else:
+                nargs = 1
+
+        self.required = required
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.multiple = multiple
+        self.expose_value = expose_value
+        self.default = default
+        # Whether the user passed ``default`` explicitly to the constructor.
+        # Captured before any auto-derived default (like ``False`` for boolean
+        # flags in :class:`Option`) replaces the :data:`UNSET` sentinel, so it
+        # remains ``False`` when the default was inferred rather than chosen.
+        # Refs: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3403
+        self._default_explicit = default is not UNSET
+        self.is_eager = is_eager
+        self.metavar = metavar
+        self.envvar = envvar
+        self._custom_shell_complete = shell_complete
+        self.deprecated = deprecated
+
+        if __debug__:
+            if self.type.is_composite and nargs != self.type.arity:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"'nargs' must be {self.type.arity} (or None) for"
+                    f" type {self.type!r}, but it was {nargs}."
+                )
+
+            if required and deprecated:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"The {self.param_type_name} '{self.human_readable_name}' "
+                    "is deprecated and still required. A deprecated "
+                    f"{self.param_type_name} cannot be required."
+                )
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation.
+
+        Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
+        CLI structure.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.3.0
+            Returns ``None`` for the :attr:`default` if it was not set.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "param_type_name": self.param_type_name,
+            "opts": self.opts,
+            "secondary_opts": self.secondary_opts,
+            "type": self.type.to_info_dict(),
+            "required": self.required,
+            "nargs": self.nargs,
+            "multiple": self.multiple,
+            # We explicitly hide the :attr:`UNSET` value to the user, as we choose to
+            # make it an implementation detail. And because ``to_info_dict`` has been
+            # designed for documentation purposes, we return ``None`` instead.
+            "default": self.default if self.default is not UNSET else None,
+            "envvar": self.envvar,
+        }
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}>"
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: cabc.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str]]: ...
+
+    @property
+    def human_readable_name(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the human readable name of this parameter.  This is the
+        same as the name for options, but the metavar for arguments.
+        """
+        return self.name
+
+    def make_metavar(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+
+        metavar = self.type.get_metavar(param=self, ctx=ctx)
+
+        if metavar is None:
+            metavar = self.type.name.upper()
+
+        if self.nargs != 1:
+            metavar += "..."
+
+        return metavar
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: t.Literal[True] = True
+    ) -> t.Any | None: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = ...
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None: ...
+
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None:
+        """Get the default for the parameter. Tries
+        :meth:`Context.lookup_default` first, then the local default.
+
+        :param ctx: Current context.
+        :param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to
+            return the callable instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.2
+            Type casting is no longer performed when getting a default.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+            Type casting can fail in resilient parsing mode. Invalid
+            defaults will not prevent showing help text.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Looks at ``ctx.default_map`` first.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``call`` parameter.
+        """
+        value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name, call=False)
+
+        if value is None and not ctx._default_map_has(self.name):
+            value = self.default
+
+        if call and callable(value):
+            value = value()
+
+        return value
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: _OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None: ...
+
+    def consume_value(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Any]
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, ParameterSource]:
+        """Returns the parameter value produced by the parser.
+
+        If the parser did not produce a value from user input, the value is either
+        sourced from the environment variable, the default map, or the parameter's
+        default value. In that order of precedence.
+
+        If no value is found, an internal sentinel value is returned.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # Collect from the parse the value passed by the user to the CLI.
+        value = opts.get(self.name, UNSET)
+        # If the value is set, it means it was sourced from the command line by the
+        # parser, otherwise it left unset by default.
+        source = (
+            ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+            if value is not UNSET
+            else ParameterSource.DEFAULT
+        )
+
+        if value is UNSET:
+            envvar_value = self.value_from_envvar(ctx)
+            if envvar_value is not None:
+                value = envvar_value
+                source = ParameterSource.ENVIRONMENT
+
+        if value is UNSET:
+            default_map_value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name)
+            if default_map_value is not None or ctx._default_map_has(self.name):
+                value = default_map_value
+                source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+
+                # A string from default_map must be split for multi-value
+                # parameters, matching value_from_envvar behavior.
+                if isinstance(value, str) and self.nargs != 1:
+                    value = self.type.split_envvar_value(value)
+
+        if value is UNSET:
+            default_value = self.get_default(ctx)
+            if default_value is not UNSET:
+                value = default_value
+                source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT
+
+        return value, source
+
+    def type_cast_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Convert and validate a value against the parameter's
+        :attr:`type`, :attr:`multiple`, and :attr:`nargs`.
+        """
+        if value is None:
+            if self.multiple or self.nargs == -1:
+                return ()
+            else:
+                return value
+
+        def check_iter(value: t.Any) -> cabc.Iterator[t.Any]:
+            try:
+                return _check_iter(value)
+            except TypeError:
+                # This should only happen when passing in args manually,
+                # the parser should construct an iterable when parsing
+                # the command line.
+                raise BadParameter(
+                    _("Value must be an iterable."), ctx=ctx, param=self
+                ) from None
+
+        # Define the conversion function based on nargs and type.
+
+        if self.nargs == 1 or self.type.is_composite:
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+                return self.type(value, param=self, ctx=ctx)
+
+        elif self.nargs == -1:
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:  # tuple[t.Any, ...]
+                return tuple(self.type(x, self, ctx) for x in check_iter(value))
+
+        else:  # nargs > 1
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:  # tuple[t.Any, ...]
+                value = tuple(check_iter(value))
+
+                if len(value) != self.nargs:
+                    raise BadParameter(
+                        ngettext(
+                            "Takes {nargs} values but 1 was given.",
+                            "Takes {nargs} values but {len} were given.",
+                            len(value),
+                        ).format(nargs=self.nargs, len=len(value)),
+                        ctx=ctx,
+                        param=self,
+                    )
+
+                return tuple(self.type(x, self, ctx) for x in value)
+
+        if self.multiple:
+            return tuple(convert(x) for x in check_iter(value))
+
+        return convert(value)
+
+    def value_is_missing(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        """A value is considered missing if:
+
+        - it is :attr:`UNSET`,
+        - or if it is an empty sequence while the parameter is suppose to have
+          non-single value (i.e. :attr:`nargs` is not ``1`` or :attr:`multiple` is
+          set).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        if value is UNSET:
+            return True
+
+        if (self.nargs != 1 or self.multiple) and value == ():
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def process_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Process the value of this parameter:
+
+        1. Type cast the value using :meth:`type_cast_value`.
+        2. Check if the value is missing (see: :meth:`value_is_missing`), and raise
+           :exc:`MissingParameter` if it is required.
+        3. If a :attr:`callback` is set, call it to have the value replaced by the
+           result of the callback. If the value was not set, the callback receive
+           ``None``. This keep the legacy behavior as it was before the introduction of
+           the :attr:`UNSET` sentinel.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # shelter `type_cast_value` from ever seeing an `UNSET` value by handling the
+        # cases in which `UNSET` gets special treatment explicitly at this layer
+        #
+        # Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3069
+        if value is UNSET:
+            if self.multiple or self.nargs == -1:
+                value = ()
+        else:
+            value = self.type_cast_value(ctx, value)
+
+        if self.required and self.value_is_missing(value):
+            raise MissingParameter(ctx=ctx, param=self)
+
+        if self.callback is not None:
+            # Legacy case: UNSET is not exposed directly to the callback, but converted
+            # to None.
+            if value is UNSET:
+                value = None
+
+            # Search for parameters with UNSET values in the context.
+            unset_keys = {k: None for k, v in ctx.params.items() if v is UNSET}
+            # No UNSET values, call the callback as usual.
+            if not unset_keys:
+                value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
+
+            # Legacy case: provide a temporarily manipulated context to the callback
+            # to hide UNSET values as None.
+            #
+            # Refs:
+            # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3136
+            # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3137
+            else:
+                # Add another layer to the context stack to clearly hint that the
+                # context is temporarily modified.
+                with ctx:
+                    # Update the context parameters to replace UNSET with None.
+                    ctx.params.update(unset_keys)
+                    # Feed these fake context parameters to the callback.
+                    value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
+                    # Restore the UNSET values in the context parameters.
+                    ctx.params.update(
+                        {
+                            k: UNSET
+                            for k in unset_keys
+                            # Only restore keys that are present and still None, in case
+                            # the callback modified other parameters.
+                            if k in ctx.params and ctx.params[k] is None
+                        }
+                    )
+
+        return value
+
+    def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        """Returns the value found in the environment variable(s) attached to this
+        parameter.
+
+        Environment variables values are `always returned as strings
+        <https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.environ>`_.
+
+        This method returns ``None`` if:
+
+        - the :attr:`envvar` property is not set on the :class:`Parameter`,
+        - the environment variable is not found in the environment,
+        - the variable is found in the environment but its value is empty (i.e. the
+          environment variable is present but has an empty string).
+
+        If :attr:`envvar` is setup with multiple environment variables,
+        then only the first non-empty value is returned.
+
+        .. caution::
+
+            The raw value extracted from the environment is not normalized and is
+            returned as-is. Any normalization or reconciliation is performed later by
+            the :class:`Parameter`'s :attr:`type`.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        if not self.envvar:
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(self.envvar, str):
+            rv = os.environ.get(self.envvar)
+
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+        else:
+            for envvar in self.envvar:
+                rv = os.environ.get(envvar)
+
+                # Return the first non-empty value of the list of environment variables.
+                if rv:
+                    return rv
+                # Else, absence of value is interpreted as an environment variable that
+                # is not set, so proceed to the next one.
+
+        return None
+
+    def value_from_envvar(self, ctx: Context) -> str | cabc.Sequence[str] | None:
+        """Process the raw environment variable string for this parameter.
+
+        Returns the string as-is or splits it into a sequence of strings if the
+        parameter is expecting multiple values (i.e. its :attr:`nargs` property is set
+        to a value other than ``1``).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        rv = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        if rv is not None and self.nargs != 1:
+            return self.type.split_envvar_value(rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def handle_parse_result(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Any], args: list[str]
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, list[str]]:
+        """Process the value produced by the parser from user input.
+
+        Always process the value through the Parameter's :attr:`type`, wherever it
+        comes from.
+
+        If the parameter is deprecated, this method warn the user about it. But only if
+        the value has been explicitly set by the user (and as such, is not coming from
+        a default).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # Capture the slot's existing state before we mutate
+        # ``_parameter_source`` so the write decision below can compare our
+        # incoming source against the source of the option that already wrote
+        # the slot (if any).
+        existing_value = ctx.params.get(self.name, UNSET)
+        existing_source = ctx.get_parameter_source(self.name)
+        existing_default_explicit = ctx._param_default_explicit.get(self.name, False)
+
+        with augment_usage_errors(ctx, param=self):
+            value, source = self.consume_value(ctx, opts)
+
+            # Record the source before processing so eager callbacks and type
+            # conversion can inspect it. Restored after arbitration if this
+            # option loses a feature-switch group.
+            ctx.set_parameter_source(self.name, source)
+
+            # Display a deprecation warning if necessary.
+            if (
+                self.deprecated
+                and value is not UNSET
+                and source < ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+            ):
+                message = _(
+                    "DeprecationWarning: The {param_type} {name!r} is deprecated."
+                    "{extra_message}"
+                ).format(
+                    param_type=self.param_type_name,
+                    name=self.human_readable_name,
+                    extra_message=_format_deprecated_suffix(self.deprecated),
+                )
+                echo(style(message, fg="red"), err=True)
+
+            # Process the value through the parameter's type.
+            try:
+                value = self.process_value(ctx, value)
+            except Exception:
+                if not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                    raise
+                # In resilient parsing mode, we do not want to fail the command if the
+                # value is incompatible with the parameter type, so we reset the value
+                # to UNSET, which will be interpreted as a missing value.
+                value = UNSET
+
+        # Arbitrate the slot when several parameters target the same variable
+        # name (feature-switch groups). See: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3403
+        slot_empty = existing_value is UNSET
+        more_explicit = existing_source is not None and source < existing_source
+        same_source = existing_source is not None and source == existing_source
+        auto_would_downgrade_explicit = (
+            same_source
+            and source == ParameterSource.DEFAULT
+            and existing_default_explicit
+            and not self._default_explicit
+        )
+        is_winner = (
+            slot_empty
+            or more_explicit
+            or (same_source and not auto_would_downgrade_explicit)
+        )
+
+        if is_winner:
+            if self.expose_value:
+                ctx.params[self.name] = value
+                ctx._param_default_explicit[self.name] = self._default_explicit
+        elif existing_source is not None:
+            # Lost arbitration; restore the winning option's source.
+            ctx.set_parameter_source(self.name, existing_source)
+        # else: ctx.params[self.name] was populated by code that bypassed
+        # handle_parse_result (from another option's callback for example). Keep
+        # the provisional source recorded before process_value so downstream
+        # lookups don't return ``None``.
+
+        return value, args
+
+    def get_help_record(self, ctx: Context) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        return None
+
+    def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        return []
+
+    def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """Get a stringified version of the param for use in error messages to
+        indicate which param caused the error.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+            ``ctx`` can be ``None``.
+        """
+        hint_list = self.opts or [self.human_readable_name]
+        return " / ".join(f"'{x}'" for x in hint_list)
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. If a
+        ``shell_complete`` function was given during init, it is used.
+        Otherwise, the :attr:`type`
+        :meth:`~click.types.ParamType[t.Any].shell_complete` function is used.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        if self._custom_shell_complete is not None:
+            results = self._custom_shell_complete(ctx, self, incomplete)
+
+            if results and isinstance(results[0], str):
+                from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+                results = [CompletionItem(c) for c in results]
+
+            return t.cast("list[CompletionItem]", results)
+
+        return self.type.shell_complete(ctx, self, incomplete)
+
+
+class Option(Parameter):
+    """Options are usually optional values on the command line and
+    have some extra features that arguments don't have.
+
+    All other parameters are passed onwards to the parameter constructor.
+
+    :param show_default: Show the default value for this option in its
+        help text. Values are not shown by default, unless
+        :attr:`Context.show_default` is ``True``. If this value is a
+        string, it shows that string in parentheses instead of the
+        actual value. This is particularly useful for dynamic options.
+        For single option boolean flags, the default remains hidden if
+        its value is ``False``.
+    :param show_envvar: Controls if an environment variable should be
+        shown on the help page and error messages.
+        Normally, environment variables are not shown.
+    :param prompt: If set to ``True`` or a non empty string then the
+        user will be prompted for input. If set to ``True`` the prompt
+        will be the option name capitalized. A deprecated option cannot be
+        prompted.
+    :param confirmation_prompt: Prompt a second time to confirm the
+        value if it was prompted for. Can be set to a string instead of
+        ``True`` to customize the message.
+    :param prompt_required: If set to ``False``, the user will be
+        prompted for input only when the option was specified as a flag
+        without a value.
+    :param hide_input: If this is ``True`` then the input on the prompt
+        will be hidden from the user. This is useful for password input.
+    :param is_flag: forces this option to act as a flag.  The default is
+                    auto detection.
+    :param flag_value: which value should be used for this flag if it's
+                       enabled.  This is set to a boolean automatically if
+                       the option string contains a slash to mark two options.
+    :param multiple: if this is set to `True` then the argument is accepted
+                     multiple times and recorded.  This is similar to ``nargs``
+                     in how it works but supports arbitrary number of
+                     arguments.
+    :param count: this flag makes an option increment an integer.
+    :param allow_from_autoenv: if this is enabled then the value of this
+                               parameter will be pulled from an environment
+                               variable in case a prefix is defined on the
+                               context.
+    :param help: the help string.
+    :param hidden: hide this option from help outputs.
+    :param attrs: Other command arguments described in :class:`Parameter`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Non-basic ``flag_value`` types (not ``str``, ``int``, ``float``, or
+        ``bool``) are passed through unchanged instead of being stringified.
+        Previously, ``type=click.UNPROCESSED`` was required to preserve them.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        ``envvar`` used with ``flag_value`` will always use the ``flag_value``,
+        previously it would use the value of the environment variable.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        Help text indentation is cleaned here instead of only in the
+        ``@option`` decorator.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The ``show_default`` parameter overrides
+        ``Context.show_default``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The default of a single option boolean flag is not shown if the
+        default value is ``False``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+        ``type`` is detected from ``flag_value`` if given, for basic Python
+        types (``str``, ``int``, ``float``, ``bool``).
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "option"
+
+    prompt: str | None
+    confirmation_prompt: bool | str
+    prompt_required: bool
+    hide_input: bool
+    hidden: bool
+
+    _flag_needs_value: bool
+    is_flag: bool
+    is_bool_flag: bool
+    flag_value: t.Any
+
+    count: bool
+    allow_from_autoenv: bool
+    help: str | None
+    show_default: bool | str | None
+    show_choices: bool
+    show_envvar: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        show_default: bool | str | None = None,
+        prompt: bool | str = False,
+        confirmation_prompt: bool | str = False,
+        prompt_required: bool = True,
+        hide_input: bool = False,
+        is_flag: bool | None = None,
+        flag_value: t.Any = UNSET,
+        multiple: bool = False,
+        count: bool = False,
+        allow_from_autoenv: bool = True,
+        type: types.ParamType[t.Any] | t.Any | None = None,
+        help: str | None = None,
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        show_envvar: bool = False,
+        deprecated: bool | str = False,
+        **attrs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if help:
+            help = inspect.cleandoc(help)
+
+        super().__init__(
+            param_decls, type=type, multiple=multiple, deprecated=deprecated, **attrs
+        )
+
+        if prompt is True:
+            if not self.name:
+                raise TypeError("'name' is required with 'prompt=True'.")
+
+            prompt_text = self.name.replace("_", " ").capitalize()
+        elif prompt is False:
+            prompt_text = None
+        else:
+            prompt_text = prompt
+
+        if deprecated:
+            label = _format_deprecated_label(deprecated)
+            help = f"{help} {label}" if help else label
+
+        self.prompt = prompt_text
+        self.confirmation_prompt = confirmation_prompt
+        self.prompt_required = prompt_required
+        self.hide_input = hide_input
+        self.hidden = hidden
+
+        # The _flag_needs_value property tells the parser that this option is a flag
+        # that cannot be used standalone and needs a value. With this information, the
+        # parser can determine whether to consider the next user-provided argument in
+        # the CLI as a value for this flag or as a new option.
+        # If prompt is enabled but not required, then it opens the possibility for the
+        # option to gets its value from the user.
+        self._flag_needs_value = self.prompt is not None and not self.prompt_required
+
+        # Auto-detect if this is a flag or not.
+        if is_flag is None:
+            # Implicitly a flag because flag_value was set.
+            if flag_value is not UNSET:
+                is_flag = True
+            # Not a flag, but when used as a flag it shows a prompt.
+            elif self._flag_needs_value:
+                is_flag = False
+            # Implicitly a flag because secondary options names were given.
+            elif self.secondary_opts:
+                is_flag = True
+
+        # The option is explicitly not a flag, but to determine whether or not it needs
+        # value, we need to check if `flag_value` or `default` was set. Either one is
+        # sufficient.
+        # Ref: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3084
+        elif is_flag is False and not self._flag_needs_value:
+            self._flag_needs_value = flag_value is not UNSET or self.default is UNSET
+
+        if is_flag:
+            # Set missing default for flags if not explicitly required or prompted.
+            if self.default is UNSET and not self.required and not self.prompt:
+                if multiple:
+                    self.default = ()
+
+            # Auto-detect the type of the flag based on the flag_value.
+            if type is None:
+                # A flag without a flag_value is a boolean flag.
+                if flag_value is UNSET:
+                    self.type: types.ParamType[t.Any] = types.BoolParamType()
+                # If the flag value is a boolean, use BoolParamType.
+                elif isinstance(flag_value, bool):
+                    self.type = types.BoolParamType()
+                # Otherwise, guess the type from the flag value.
+                else:
+                    guessed = types.convert_type(None, flag_value)
+                    if (
+                        isinstance(guessed, types.StringParamType)
+                        and not isinstance(flag_value, str)
+                        and flag_value is not None
+                    ):
+                        # The flag_value type couldn't be auto-detected
+                        # (not str, int, float, or bool). Since flag_value
+                        # is a programmer-provided Python object, not CLI
+                        # input, pass it through unchanged instead of
+                        # stringifying it.
+                        self.type = types.UNPROCESSED
+                    else:
+                        self.type = guessed
+
+        self.is_flag = bool(is_flag)
+        self.is_bool_flag = self.is_flag and isinstance(self.type, types.BoolParamType)
+        self.flag_value = flag_value
+
+        # Set boolean flag default to False if unset and not required.
+        if self.is_bool_flag:
+            if self.default is UNSET and not self.required:
+                self.default = False
+
+        # The alignment of default to the flag_value is resolved lazily in
+        # get_default() to prevent callable flag_values (like classes) from
+        # being instantiated. Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3121
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3024#issuecomment-3146199461
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3030/commits/06847da
+
+        # Set the default flag_value if it is not set.
+        if self.flag_value is UNSET:
+            if self.is_flag:
+                self.flag_value = True
+            else:
+                self.flag_value = None
+
+        # Counting.
+        self.count = count
+        if count:
+            if type is None:
+                self.type = types.IntRange(min=0)
+            if self.default is UNSET:
+                self.default = 0
+
+        self.allow_from_autoenv = allow_from_autoenv
+        self.help = help
+        self.show_default = show_default
+        self.show_choices = show_choices
+        self.show_envvar = show_envvar
+
+        if __debug__:
+            if deprecated and prompt:
+                raise ValueError("`deprecated` options cannot use `prompt`.")
+
+            if self.nargs == -1:
+                raise TypeError("nargs=-1 is not supported for options.")
+
+            if not self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                raise TypeError("Secondary flag is not valid for non-boolean flag.")
+
+            if self.is_bool_flag and self.hide_input and self.prompt is not None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "'prompt' with 'hide_input' is not valid for boolean flag."
+                )
+
+            if self.count:
+                if self.multiple:
+                    raise TypeError("'count' is not valid with 'multiple'.")
+
+                if self.is_flag:
+                    raise TypeError("'count' is not valid with 'is_flag'.")
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.3.0
+            Returns ``None`` for the :attr:`flag_value` if it was not set.
+        """
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
+        info_dict.update(
+            help=self.help,
+            prompt=self.prompt,
+            is_flag=self.is_flag,
+            # We explicitly hide the :attr:`UNSET` value to the user, as we choose to
+            # make it an implementation detail. And because ``to_info_dict`` has been
+            # designed for documentation purposes, we return ``None`` instead.
+            flag_value=self.flag_value if self.flag_value is not UNSET else None,
+            count=self.count,
+            hidden=self.hidden,
+        )
+        return info_dict
+
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None:
+        """Return the default value for this option.
+
+        For non-boolean flag options, ``default=True`` is treated as a sentinel
+        meaning "activate this flag by default" and is resolved to
+        :attr:`flag_value`.  For example, with ``--upper/--lower`` feature
+        switches where ``flag_value="upper"`` and ``default=True``, the default
+        resolves to ``"upper"``.
+
+        .. caution::
+            This substitution only applies to non-boolean flags
+            (:attr:`is_bool_flag` is ``False``). For boolean flags, ``True`` is
+            a legitimate Python value and ``default=True`` is returned as-is.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.3.3
+            ``default=True`` is no longer substituted with ``flag_value`` for
+            boolean flags, fixing negative boolean flags like
+            ``flag_value=False, default=True``.
+        """
+        value = super().get_default(ctx, call=False)
+
+        # Resolve default=True to flag_value lazily (here instead of
+        # __init__) to prevent callable flag_values (like classes) from
+        # being instantiated by the callable check below.
+        if value is True and self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag:
+            value = self.flag_value
+        elif call and callable(value):
+            value = value()
+
+        return value
+
+    def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        result = super().get_error_hint(ctx)
+        if self.show_envvar and self.envvar is not None:
+            result += f" (env var: '{self.envvar}')"
+        return result
+
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: cabc.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str]]:
+        opts = []
+        secondary_opts = []
+        name = None
+        possible_names = []
+
+        for decl in decls:
+            if decl.isidentifier():
+                if name is not None:
+                    raise TypeError(_("Name '{name}' defined twice").format(name=name))
+                name = decl
+            else:
+                split_char = ";" if decl[:1] == "/" else "/"
+                if split_char in decl:
+                    first, second = decl.split(split_char, 1)
+                    first = first.rstrip()
+                    if first:
+                        possible_names.append(_split_opt(first))
+                        opts.append(first)
+                    second = second.lstrip()
+                    if second:
+                        secondary_opts.append(second.lstrip())
+                    if first == second:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            _(
+                                "Boolean option {decl!r} cannot use the"
+                                " same flag for true/false."
+                            ).format(decl=decl)
+                        )
+                else:
+                    possible_names.append(_split_opt(decl))
+                    opts.append(decl)
+
+        if name is None and possible_names:
+            possible_names.sort(key=lambda x: -len(x[0]))  # group long options first
+            name = possible_names[0][1].replace("-", "_").lower()
+            if not name.isidentifier():
+                name = None
+
+        if name is None:
+            if not expose_value:
+                return "", opts, secondary_opts
+            raise TypeError(
+                _(
+                    "Could not determine name for option with declarations {decls!r}"
+                ).format(decls=decls)
+            )
+
+        if not opts and not secondary_opts:
+            raise TypeError(
+                _(
+                    "No options defined but a name was passed ({name})."
+                    " Did you mean to declare an argument instead? Did"
+                    " you mean to pass '--{name}'?"
+                ).format(name=name)
+            )
+
+        return name, opts, secondary_opts
+
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: _OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        if self.multiple:
+            action = "append"
+        elif self.count:
+            action = "count"
+        else:
+            action = "store"
+
+        if self.is_flag:
+            action = f"{action}_const"
+
+            if self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self, opts=self.opts, dest=self.name, action=action, const=True
+                )
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self,
+                    opts=self.secondary_opts,
+                    dest=self.name,
+                    action=action,
+                    const=False,
+                )
+            else:
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self,
+                    opts=self.opts,
+                    dest=self.name,
+                    action=action,
+                    const=self.flag_value,
+                )
+        else:
+            parser.add_option(
+                obj=self,
+                opts=self.opts,
+                dest=self.name,
+                action=action,
+                nargs=self.nargs,
+            )
+
+    def get_help_record(self, ctx: Context) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        if self.hidden:
+            return None
+
+        any_prefix_is_slash = False
+
+        def _write_opts(opts: cabc.Sequence[str]) -> str:
+            nonlocal any_prefix_is_slash
+
+            rv, any_slashes = join_options(opts)
+
+            if any_slashes:
+                any_prefix_is_slash = True
+
+            if not self.is_flag and not self.count:
+                rv += f" {self.make_metavar(ctx=ctx)}"
+
+            return rv
+
+        rv = [_write_opts(self.opts)]
+
+        if self.secondary_opts:
+            rv.append(_write_opts(self.secondary_opts))
+
+        help = self.help or ""
+
+        extra = self.get_help_extra(ctx)
+        extra_items = []
+        if "envvars" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(
+                _("env var: {var}").format(var=", ".join(extra["envvars"]))
+            )
+        if "default" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(_("default: {default}").format(default=extra["default"]))
+        if "range" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(extra["range"])
+        if "required" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(_(extra["required"]))
+
+        if extra_items:
+            extra_str = "; ".join(extra_items)
+            help = f"{help}  [{extra_str}]" if help else f"[{extra_str}]"
+
+        return ("; " if any_prefix_is_slash else " / ").join(rv), help
+
+    def get_help_extra(self, ctx: Context) -> types.OptionHelpExtra:
+        extra: types.OptionHelpExtra = {}
+
+        if self.show_envvar:
+            envvar = self.envvar
+
+            if envvar is None:
+                if (
+                    self.allow_from_autoenv
+                    and ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
+                    and self.name
+                ):
+                    envvar = f"{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}"
+
+            if envvar is not None:
+                if isinstance(envvar, str):
+                    extra["envvars"] = (envvar,)
+                else:
+                    extra["envvars"] = tuple(str(d) for d in envvar)
+
+        # Temporarily enable resilient parsing to avoid type casting
+        # failing for the default. Might be possible to extend this to
+        # help formatting in general.
+        resilient = ctx.resilient_parsing
+        ctx.resilient_parsing = True
+
+        try:
+            default_value = self.get_default(ctx, call=False)
+        finally:
+            ctx.resilient_parsing = resilient
+
+        show_default = False
+        show_default_is_str = False
+
+        if self.show_default is not None:
+            if isinstance(self.show_default, str):
+                show_default_is_str = show_default = True
+            else:
+                show_default = self.show_default
+        elif ctx.show_default is not None:
+            show_default = ctx.show_default
+
+        if show_default_is_str or (
+            show_default and (default_value not in (None, UNSET))
+        ):
+            if show_default_is_str:
+                default_string = f"({self.show_default})"
+            elif isinstance(default_value, (list, tuple)):
+                default_string = ", ".join(str(d) for d in default_value)
+            elif isinstance(default_value, enum.Enum):
+                default_string = default_value.name
+            elif inspect.isfunction(default_value):
+                default_string = _("(dynamic)")
+            elif self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                # For boolean flags that have distinct True/False opts,
+                # use the opt without prefix instead of the value.
+                default_string = _split_opt(
+                    (self.opts if default_value else self.secondary_opts)[0]
+                )[1]
+            elif self.is_bool_flag and not self.secondary_opts and not default_value:
+                default_string = ""
+            elif isinstance(default_value, str) and default_value == "":
+                default_string = '""'
+            else:
+                default_string = str(default_value)
+
+            if default_string:
+                extra["default"] = default_string
+
+        if (
+            isinstance(self.type, types._NumberRangeBase)
+            # skip count with default range type
+            and not (self.count and self.type.min == 0 and self.type.max is None)
+        ):
+            range_str = self.type._describe_range()
+
+            if range_str:
+                extra["range"] = range_str
+
+        if self.required:
+            extra["required"] = "required"
+
+        return extra
+
+    def prompt_for_value(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """This is an alternative flow that can be activated in the full
+        value processing if a value does not exist.  It will prompt the
+        user until a valid value exists and then returns the processed
+        value as result.
+        """
+        assert self.prompt is not None
+
+        # Calculate the default before prompting anything to lock in the value before
+        # attempting any user interaction.
+        default = self.get_default(ctx)
+
+        # A boolean flag can use a simplified [y/n] confirmation prompt.
+        if self.is_bool_flag:
+            # If we have no boolean default, we force the user to explicitly provide
+            # one.
+            if default in (UNSET, None):
+                default = None
+            # Nothing prevent you to declare an option that is simultaneously:
+            # 1) auto-detected as a boolean flag,
+            # 2) allowed to prompt, and
+            # 3) still declare a non-boolean default.
+            # This forced casting into a boolean is necessary to align any non-boolean
+            # default to the prompt, which is going to be a [y/n]-style confirmation
+            # because the option is still a boolean flag. That way, instead of [y/n],
+            # we get [Y/n] or [y/N] depending on the truthy value of the default.
+            # Refs: https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3030#discussion_r2289180249
+            else:
+                default = bool(default)
+            return confirm(self.prompt, default)
+
+        # If show_default is given, provide this to `prompt` as well,
+        # otherwise we use `prompt`'s default behavior
+        prompt_kwargs: t.Any = {}
+        if self.show_default is not None:
+            prompt_kwargs["show_default"] = self.show_default
+
+        return prompt(
+            self.prompt,
+            # Use ``None`` to inform the prompt() function to reiterate until a valid
+            # value is provided by the user if we have no default.
+            default=None if default is UNSET else default,
+            type=self.type,
+            hide_input=self.hide_input,
+            show_choices=self.show_choices,
+            confirmation_prompt=self.confirmation_prompt,
+            value_proc=lambda x: self.process_value(ctx, x),
+            **prompt_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        """:class:`Option` resolves its environment variable the same way as
+        :func:`Parameter.resolve_envvar_value`, but it also supports
+        :attr:`Context.auto_envvar_prefix`. If we could not find an environment from
+        the :attr:`envvar` property, we fallback on :attr:`Context.auto_envvar_prefix`
+        to build dynamiccaly the environment variable name using the
+        :python:`{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}` template.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        rv = super().resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        if self.allow_from_autoenv and ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None and self.name:
+            envvar = f"{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}"
+            rv = os.environ.get(envvar)
+
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+
+        return None
+
+    def value_from_envvar(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """For :class:`Option`, this method processes the raw environment variable
+        string the same way as :func:`Parameter.value_from_envvar` does.
+
+        But in the case of non-boolean flags, the value is analyzed to determine if the
+        flag is activated or not, and returns a boolean of its activation, or the
+        :attr:`flag_value` if the latter is set.
+
+        This method also takes care of repeated options (i.e. options with
+        :attr:`multiple` set to ``True``).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        rv = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        # Absent environment variable or an empty string is interpreted as unset.
+        if rv is None:
+            return None
+
+        # Non-boolean flags are more liberal in what they accept. But a flag being a
+        # flag, its envvar value still needs to be analyzed to determine if the flag is
+        # activated or not.
+        if self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag:
+            # If the flag_value is set and match the envvar value, return it
+            # directly.
+            if self.flag_value is not UNSET and rv == self.flag_value:
+                return self.flag_value
+            # Analyze the envvar value as a boolean to know if the flag is
+            # activated or not.
+            return types.BoolParamType.str_to_bool(rv)
+
+        # Split the envvar value if it is allowed to be repeated.
+        value_depth = (self.nargs != 1) + bool(self.multiple)
+        if value_depth > 0:
+            multi_rv = self.type.split_envvar_value(rv)
+            if self.multiple and self.nargs != 1:
+                multi_rv = batch(multi_rv, self.nargs)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+            return multi_rv
+
+        return rv
+
+    def consume_value(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: cabc.Mapping[str, Parameter]
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, ParameterSource]:
+        """For :class:`Option`, the value can be collected from an interactive prompt
+        if the option is a flag that needs a value (and the :attr:`prompt` property is
+        set).
+
+        Additionally, this method handles flag option that are activated without a
+        value, in which case the :attr:`flag_value` is returned.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        value, source = super().consume_value(ctx, opts)
+
+        # The parser will emit a sentinel value if the option is allowed to as a flag
+        # without a value.
+        if value is FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE:
+            # If the option allows for a prompt, we start an interaction with the user.
+            if self.prompt is not None and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
+                source = ParameterSource.PROMPT
+            # Else the flag takes its flag_value as value.
+            else:
+                value = self.flag_value
+                source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+
+        # A flag which is activated always returns the flag value, unless the value
+        # comes from the explicitly sets default.
+        elif (
+            self.is_flag
+            and value is True
+            and not self.is_bool_flag
+            and source < ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+        ):
+            value = self.flag_value
+
+        # Re-interpret a multiple option which has been sent as-is by the parser.
+        # Here we replace each occurrence of value-less flags (marked by the
+        # FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE sentinel) with the flag_value.
+        elif (
+            self.multiple
+            and value is not UNSET
+            and isinstance(value, cabc.Iterable)
+            and source < ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+            and any(v is FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE for v in value)
+        ):
+            value = [self.flag_value if v is FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE else v for v in value]
+            source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+
+        # The value wasn't set, or used the param's default, prompt for one to the user
+        # if prompting is enabled.
+        elif (
+            (value is UNSET or source >= ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP)
+            and self.prompt is not None
+            and (self.required or self.prompt_required)
+            and not ctx.resilient_parsing
+        ):
+            value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
+            source = ParameterSource.PROMPT
+
+        return value, source
+
+    def process_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        # process_value has to be overridden on Options in order to capture
+        # `value == UNSET` cases before `type_cast_value()` gets called.
+        #
+        # Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3069
+        if self.is_flag and not self.required and self.is_bool_flag and value is UNSET:
+            value = False
+
+            if self.callback is not None:
+                value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
+
+            return value
+
+        # in the normal case, rely on Parameter.process_value
+        return super().process_value(ctx, value)
+
+
+class Argument(Parameter):
+    """Arguments are positional parameters to a command.  They generally
+    provide fewer features than options but can have infinite ``nargs``
+    and are required by default.
+
+    All parameters are passed onwards to the constructor of :class:`Parameter`.
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "argument"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: cabc.Sequence[str],
+        required: bool | None = None,
+        **attrs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Auto-detect the requirement status of the argument if not explicitly set.
+        if required is None:
+            # The argument gets automatically required if it has no explicit default
+            # value set and is setup to match at least one value.
+            if attrs.get("default", UNSET) is UNSET:
+                required = attrs.get("nargs", 1) > 0
+            # If the argument has a default value, it is not required.
+            else:
+                required = False
+
+        if "multiple" in attrs:
+            raise TypeError("__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'multiple'.")
+
+        super().__init__(param_decls, required=required, **attrs)
+
+    @property
+    def human_readable_name(self) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+        return self.name.upper()
+
+    def make_metavar(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+        var = self.type.get_metavar(param=self, ctx=ctx)
+        if not var:
+            var = self.name.upper()
+        # Types like ``Choice`` and ``DateTime`` already surround their metavar
+        # with square brackets to enumerate the allowed values. Reuse those
+        # outer brackets as the optional-argument indicator instead of wrapping
+        # the metavar in a second pair, which would produce ``[[a|b|c]]``.
+        already_bracketed = var.startswith("[") and var.endswith("]")
+        if self.deprecated:
+            var += "!"
+        if not self.required and not already_bracketed:
+            var = f"[{var}]"
+        if self.nargs != 1:
+            var += "..."
+        return var
+
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: cabc.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str]]:
+        if not decls:
+            if not expose_value:
+                return "", [], []
+            raise TypeError("Argument is marked as exposed, but does not have a name.")
+        if len(decls) == 1:
+            name = arg = decls[0]
+            name = name.replace("-", "_").lower()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                _(
+                    "Arguments take exactly one parameter declaration, got"
+                    " {length}: {decls}."
+                ).format(length=len(decls), decls=decls)
+            )
+        return name, [arg], []
+
+    def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        return [self.make_metavar(ctx)]
+
+    def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        if ctx is not None:
+            return f"'{self.make_metavar(ctx)}'"
+        return f"'{self.human_readable_name}'"
+
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: _OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        parser.add_argument(dest=self.name, nargs=self.nargs, obj=self)
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> object:
+    import warnings
+
+    if name == "BaseCommand":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'BaseCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Command' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _BaseCommand
+
+    if name == "MultiCommand":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'MultiCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Group' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _MultiCommand
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/decorators.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/decorators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db6a45ebbaedfdcde339397bbfe936c9440de180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/decorators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import typing as t
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from .core import Argument
+from .core import Command
+from .core import Context
+from .core import Group
+from .core import Option
+from .core import Parameter
+from .globals import get_current_context
+from .utils import echo
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    P = te.ParamSpec("P")
+
+R = t.TypeVar("R")
+T = t.TypeVar("T")
+_AnyCallable = t.Callable[..., t.Any]
+FC = t.TypeVar("FC", bound="_AnyCallable | Command")
+
+
+def pass_context(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[Context, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+    """Marks a callback as wanting to receive the current context
+    object as first argument.
+    """
+
+    def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+        return f(get_current_context(), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+
+def pass_obj(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+    """Similar to :func:`pass_context`, but only pass the object on the
+    context onwards (:attr:`Context.obj`).  This is useful if that object
+    represents the state of a nested system.
+    """
+
+    def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+        return f(get_current_context().obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+
+def make_pass_decorator(
+    object_type: type[T], ensure: bool = False
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]], t.Callable[P, R]]:
+    """Given an object type this creates a decorator that will work
+    similar to :func:`pass_obj` but instead of passing the object of the
+    current context, it will find the innermost context of type
+    :func:`object_type`.
+
+    This generates a decorator that works roughly like this::
+
+        from functools import update_wrapper
+
+        def decorator(f):
+            @pass_context
+            def new_func(ctx, *args, **kwargs):
+                obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
+                return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+            return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+        return decorator
+
+    :param object_type: the type of the object to pass.
+    :param ensure: if set to `True`, a new object will be created and
+                   remembered on the context if it's not there yet.
+    """
+
+    def decorator(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+        def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+            ctx = get_current_context()
+
+            obj: T | None
+            if ensure:
+                obj = ctx.ensure_object(object_type)
+            else:
+                obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
+
+            if obj is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Managed to invoke callback without a context"
+                    f" object of type {object_type.__name__!r}"
+                    " existing."
+                )
+
+            return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def pass_meta_key(
+    key: str, *, doc_description: str | None = None
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]], t.Callable[P, R]]:
+    """Create a decorator that passes a key from
+    :attr:`click.Context.meta` as the first argument to the decorated
+    function.
+
+    :param key: Key in ``Context.meta`` to pass.
+    :param doc_description: Description of the object being passed,
+        inserted into the decorator's docstring. Defaults to "the 'key'
+        key from Context.meta".
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    """
+
+    def decorator(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+        def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+            ctx = get_current_context()
+            obj = ctx.meta[key]
+            return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+    if doc_description is None:
+        doc_description = f"the {key!r} key from :attr:`click.Context.meta`"
+
+    decorator.__doc__ = (
+        f"Decorator that passes {doc_description} as the first argument"
+        " to the decorated function."
+    )
+    return decorator
+
+
+CmdType = t.TypeVar("CmdType", bound=Command)
+
+
+# variant: no call, directly as decorator for a function.
+@t.overload
+def command(name: _AnyCallable) -> Command: ...
+
+
+# variant: with positional name and with positional or keyword cls argument:
+# @command(namearg, CommandCls, ...) or @command(namearg, cls=CommandCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: str | None,
+    cls: type[CmdType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], CmdType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: name omitted, cls _must_ be a keyword argument, @command(cls=CommandCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: None = None,
+    *,
+    cls: type[CmdType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], CmdType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: with optional string name, no cls argument provided.
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: str | None = ..., cls: None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Command]: ...
+
+
+def command(
+    name: str | _AnyCallable | None = None,
+    cls: type[CmdType] | None = None,
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> Command | t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Command | CmdType]:
+    r"""Creates a new :class:`Command` and uses the decorated function as
+    callback.  This will also automatically attach all decorated
+    :func:`option`\s and :func:`argument`\s as parameters to the command.
+
+    The name of the command defaults to the name of the function, converted to
+    lowercase, with underscores ``_`` replaced by dashes ``-``, and the suffixes
+    ``_command``, ``_cmd``, ``_group``, and ``_grp`` are removed. For example,
+    ``init_data_command`` becomes ``init-data``.
+
+    All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying command class.
+    For the ``params`` argument, any decorated params are appended to
+    the end of the list.
+
+    Once decorated the function turns into a :class:`Command` instance
+    that can be invoked as a command line utility or be attached to a
+    command :class:`Group`.
+
+    :param name: The name of the command. Defaults to modifying the function's
+        name as described above.
+    :param cls: The command class to create. Defaults to :class:`Command`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        The suffixes ``_command``, ``_cmd``, ``_group``, and ``_grp`` are
+        removed when generating the name.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The ``params`` argument can be used. Decorated params are
+        appended to the end of the list.
+    """
+
+    func: t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], t.Any] | None = None
+
+    if callable(name):
+        func = name
+        name = None
+        assert cls is None, "Use 'command(cls=cls)(callable)' to specify a class."
+        assert not attrs, "Use 'command(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast("type[CmdType]", Command)
+
+    def decorator(f: _AnyCallable) -> CmdType:
+        if isinstance(f, Command):
+            raise TypeError("Attempted to convert a callback into a command twice.")
+
+        attr_params = attrs.pop("params", None)
+        params = attr_params if attr_params is not None else []
+
+        try:
+            decorator_params = f.__click_params__  # type: ignore
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            del f.__click_params__  # type: ignore
+            params.extend(reversed(decorator_params))
+
+        if attrs.get("help") is None:
+            attrs["help"] = f.__doc__
+
+        if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+            assert cls is not None
+            assert not callable(name)
+
+        if name is not None:
+            cmd_name = name
+        else:
+            cmd_name = f.__name__.lower().replace("_", "-")
+            cmd_left, sep, suffix = cmd_name.rpartition("-")
+
+            if sep and suffix in {"command", "cmd", "group", "grp"}:
+                cmd_name = cmd_left
+
+        cmd = cls(name=cmd_name, callback=f, params=params, **attrs)
+        cmd.__doc__ = f.__doc__
+        return cmd
+
+    if func is not None:
+        return decorator(func)
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+GrpType = t.TypeVar("GrpType", bound=Group)
+
+
+# variant: no call, directly as decorator for a function.
+@t.overload
+def group(name: _AnyCallable) -> Group: ...
+
+
+# variant: with positional name and with positional or keyword cls argument:
+# @group(namearg, GroupCls, ...) or @group(namearg, cls=GroupCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: str | None,
+    cls: type[GrpType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], GrpType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: name omitted, cls _must_ be a keyword argument, @group(cmd=GroupCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: None = None,
+    *,
+    cls: type[GrpType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], GrpType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: with optional string name, no cls argument provided.
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: str | None = ..., cls: None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Group]: ...
+
+
+def group(
+    name: str | _AnyCallable | None = None,
+    cls: type[GrpType] | None = None,
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> Group | t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Group | GrpType]:
+    """Creates a new :class:`Group` with a function as callback.  This
+    works otherwise the same as :func:`command` just that the `cls`
+    parameter is set to :class:`Group`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast("type[GrpType]", Group)
+
+    if callable(name):
+        return command(cls=cls, **attrs)(name)
+
+    return command(name, cls, **attrs)
+
+
+def _param_memo(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any], param: Parameter) -> None:
+    if isinstance(f, Command):
+        f.params.append(param)
+    else:
+        if not hasattr(f, "__click_params__"):
+            f.__click_params__ = []  # type: ignore
+
+        f.__click_params__.append(param)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def argument(
+    *param_decls: str, cls: type[Argument] | None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Attaches an argument to the command.  All positional arguments are
+    passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Argument`; all keyword
+    arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
+    This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Argument` instance manually
+    and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
+
+    For the default argument class, refer to :class:`Argument` and
+    :class:`Parameter` for descriptions of parameters.
+
+    :param cls: the argument class to instantiate.  This defaults to
+                :class:`Argument`.
+    :param param_decls: Passed as positional arguments to the constructor of
+        ``cls``.
+    :param attrs: Passed as keyword arguments to the constructor of ``cls``.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = Argument
+
+    def decorator(f: FC) -> FC:
+        _param_memo(f, cls(param_decls, **attrs))
+        return f
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def option(
+    *param_decls: str, cls: type[Option] | None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Attaches an option to the command.  All positional arguments are
+    passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Option`; all keyword
+    arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
+    This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Option` instance manually
+    and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
+
+    For the default option class, refer to :class:`Option` and
+    :class:`Parameter` for descriptions of parameters.
+
+    :param cls: the option class to instantiate.  This defaults to
+                :class:`Option`.
+    :param param_decls: Passed as positional arguments to the constructor of
+        ``cls``.
+    :param attrs: Passed as keyword arguments to the constructor of ``cls``.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = Option
+
+    def decorator(f: FC) -> FC:
+        _param_memo(f, cls(param_decls, **attrs))
+        return f
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def confirmation_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--yes`` option which shows a prompt before continuing if
+    not passed. If the prompt is declined, the program will exit.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--yes"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+
+    def callback(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        if not value:
+            ctx.abort()
+
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--yes",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("callback", callback)
+    kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("prompt", _("Do you want to continue?"))
+    kwargs.setdefault("help", _("Confirm the action without prompting."))
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+def password_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--password`` option which prompts for a password, hiding
+    input and asking to enter the value again for confirmation.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--password"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--password",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("prompt", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("confirmation_prompt", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("hide_input", True)
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+def version_option(
+    version: str | None = None,
+    *param_decls: str,
+    package_name: str | None = None,
+    prog_name: str | None = None,
+    message: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--version`` option which immediately prints the version
+    number and exits the program.
+
+    If ``version`` is not provided, Click will try to detect it using
+    :func:`importlib.metadata.version` to get the version for the
+    ``package_name``.
+
+    If ``package_name`` is not provided, Click will try to detect it by
+    inspecting the stack frames. If the detected (or given) name does
+    not match an installed distribution, Click resolves it as an import
+    (top-level module) name via
+    :func:`importlib.metadata.packages_distributions`, so e.g. ``PIL``
+    resolves to the ``Pillow`` distribution.
+
+    :param version: The version number to show. If not provided, Click
+        will try to detect it.
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--version"``.
+    :param package_name: The package name to detect the version from. If
+        not provided, Click will try to detect it.
+    :param prog_name: The name of the CLI to show in the message. If not
+        provided, it will be detected from the command.
+    :param message: The message to show. The values ``%(prog)s``,
+        ``%(package)s``, and ``%(version)s`` are available. Defaults to
+        ``"%(prog)s, version %(version)s"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    :raise RuntimeError: ``version`` could not be detected.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Add the ``package_name`` parameter, and the ``%(package)s``
+        value for messages.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Use :mod:`importlib.metadata` instead of ``pkg_resources``. The
+        version is detected based on the package name, not the entry
+        point name. The Python package name must match the installed
+        package name, or be passed with ``package_name=``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.2
+        When ``package_name`` does not match an installed distribution,
+        Click now resolves it as an import (top-level module).
+    """
+    if message is None:
+        message = _("%(prog)s, version %(version)s")
+
+    if version is None and package_name is None:
+        frame = inspect.currentframe()
+        f_back = frame.f_back if frame is not None else None
+        f_globals = f_back.f_globals if f_back is not None else None
+        # break reference cycle
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack
+        del frame
+
+        if f_globals is not None:
+            package_name = f_globals.get("__name__")
+
+            if package_name == "__main__":
+                package_name = f_globals.get("__package__")
+
+            if package_name:
+                package_name = package_name.partition(".")[0]
+
+    def callback(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            return
+
+        nonlocal prog_name
+        nonlocal version
+        nonlocal package_name
+
+        if prog_name is None:
+            prog_name = ctx.find_root().info_name
+
+        if version is None and package_name is not None:
+            import importlib.metadata
+
+            try:
+                version = importlib.metadata.version(package_name)
+            except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError:
+                # The given name didn't match an installed distribution.
+                # Try resolving it as an import (top-level module) name,
+                # e.g. ``PIL`` is provided by the ``Pillow`` distribution.
+                distributions = importlib.metadata.packages_distributions().get(
+                    package_name, []
+                )
+                if len(distributions) == 1:
+                    package_name = distributions[0]
+                    version = importlib.metadata.version(package_name)
+                elif len(distributions) > 1:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"{package_name!r} maps to multiple installed"
+                        f" distributions ({', '.join(distributions)})."
+                        " Pass 'package_name' to disambiguate."
+                    ) from None
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"{package_name!r} is not installed. Try passing"
+                        " 'package_name' instead."
+                    ) from None
+
+        if version is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Could not determine the version for {package_name!r} automatically."
+            )
+
+        echo(
+            message % {"prog": prog_name, "package": package_name, "version": version},
+            color=ctx.color,
+        )
+        ctx.exit()
+
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--version",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_eager", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("help", _("Show the version and exit."))
+    kwargs["callback"] = callback
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+def help_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Pre-configured ``--help`` option which immediately prints the help page
+    and exits the program.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--help"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+
+    def show_help(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        """Callback that print the help page on ``<stdout>`` and exits."""
+        if value and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
+            ctx.exit()
+
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--help",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_eager", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("help", _("Show this message and exit."))
+    kwargs.setdefault("callback", show_help)
+
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/exceptions.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6272c38a448d57241d9a6bff4191897f4a9bb7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from ._compat import get_text_stderr
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import format_filename
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .core import Command
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Parameter
+
+
+def _join_param_hints(param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None) -> str | None:
+    if param_hint is not None and not isinstance(param_hint, str):
+        return " / ".join(repr(x) for x in param_hint)
+
+    return param_hint
+
+
+def _format_possibilities(possibilities: list[str]) -> str:
+    possibility_str = ", ".join(repr(p) for p in sorted(possibilities))
+    return ngettext(
+        "Did you mean {possibility}?",
+        "(Did you mean one of: {possibilities}?)",
+        len(possibilities),
+    ).format(possibility=possibility_str, possibilities=possibility_str)
+
+
+class ClickException(Exception):
+    """An exception that Click can handle and show to the user."""
+
+    #: The exit code for this exception.
+    exit_code: t.ClassVar[int] = 1
+
+    show_color: t.Final[bool | None]
+    message: t.Final[str]
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        # The context will be removed by the time we print the message, so cache
+        # the color settings here to be used later on (in `show`)
+        self.show_color = resolve_color_default()
+        self.message = message
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        return self.message
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.message
+
+    def show(self, file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        if file is None:
+            file = get_text_stderr()
+
+        echo(
+            _("Error: {message}").format(message=self.format_message()),
+            file=file,
+            color=self.show_color,
+        )
+
+
+class UsageError(ClickException):
+    """An internal exception that signals a usage error.  This typically
+    aborts any further handling.
+
+    :param message: the error message to display.
+    :param ctx: optionally the context that caused this error.  Click will
+                fill in the context automatically in some situations.
+    """
+
+    exit_code: t.ClassVar[int] = 2
+
+    ctx: Context | None
+    cmd: t.Final[Command | None]
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, ctx: Context | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        self.cmd = self.ctx.command if self.ctx else None
+
+    def show(self, file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        if file is None:
+            file = get_text_stderr()
+        color = None
+        hint = ""
+        if (
+            self.ctx is not None
+            and self.ctx.command.get_help_option(self.ctx) is not None
+        ):
+            help_names = self.ctx.command.get_help_option_names(self.ctx)
+            # Pick the longest name (like ``--help`` over ``-h``) for
+            # readability in error messages.
+            hint = _("Try '{command} {option}' for help.").format(
+                command=self.ctx.command_path,
+                option=max(help_names, key=len),
+            )
+            hint = f"{hint}\n"
+        if self.ctx is not None:
+            color = self.ctx.color
+            echo(f"{self.ctx.get_usage()}\n{hint}", file=file, color=color)
+        echo(
+            _("Error: {message}").format(message=self.format_message()),
+            file=file,
+            color=color,
+        )
+
+
+class BadParameter(UsageError):
+    """An exception that formats out a standardized error message for a
+    bad parameter.  This is useful when thrown from a callback or type as
+    Click will attach contextual information to it (for instance, which
+    parameter it is).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param param: the parameter object that caused this error.  This can
+                  be left out, and Click will attach this info itself
+                  if possible.
+    :param param_hint: a string that shows up as parameter name.  This
+                       can be used as alternative to `param` in cases
+                       where custom validation should happen.  If it is
+                       a string it's used as such, if it's a list then
+                       each item is quoted and separated.
+    """
+
+    param: Parameter | None
+    param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.param = param
+        self.param_hint = param_hint
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if self.param_hint is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param_hint
+        elif self.param is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)
+        else:
+            return _("Invalid value: {message}").format(message=self.message)
+
+        return _("Invalid value for {param_hint}: {message}").format(
+            param_hint=_join_param_hints(param_hint), message=self.message
+        )
+
+
+class MissingParameter(BadParameter):
+    """Raised if click required an option or argument but it was not
+    provided when invoking the script.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+
+    :param param_type: a string that indicates the type of the parameter.
+                       The default is to inherit the parameter type from
+                       the given `param`.  Valid values are ``'parameter'``,
+                       ``'option'`` or ``'argument'``.
+    """
+
+    param_type: t.Final[str | None]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None = None,
+        param_type: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message or "", ctx, param, param_hint)
+        self.param_type = param_type
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if self.param_hint is not None:
+            param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None = self.param_hint
+        elif self.param is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)
+        else:
+            param_hint = None
+
+        param_hint = _join_param_hints(param_hint)
+        param_hint = f" {param_hint}" if param_hint else ""
+
+        param_type = self.param_type
+        if param_type is None and self.param is not None:
+            param_type = self.param.param_type_name
+
+        msg = self.message
+        if self.param is not None:
+            msg_extra = self.param.type.get_missing_message(
+                param=self.param, ctx=self.ctx
+            )
+            if msg_extra:
+                if msg:
+                    msg += f". {msg_extra}"
+                else:
+                    msg = msg_extra
+
+        msg = f" {msg}" if msg else ""
+
+        # Translate param_type for known types.
+        if param_type == "argument":
+            missing = _("Missing argument")
+        elif param_type == "option":
+            missing = _("Missing option")
+        elif param_type == "parameter":
+            missing = _("Missing parameter")
+        else:
+            missing = _("Missing {param_type}").format(param_type=param_type)
+
+        return f"{missing}{param_hint}.{msg}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if not self.message:
+            param_name = self.param.name if self.param else None
+            return _("Missing parameter: {param_name}").format(param_name=param_name)
+        else:
+            return self.message
+
+
+class NoSuchOption(UsageError):
+    """Raised if Click attempted to handle an option that does not exist.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+    """
+
+    option_name: t.Final[str]
+    possibilities: t.Final[list[str] | None]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        option_name: str,
+        message: str | None = None,
+        possibilities: cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if message is None:
+            message = _("No such option {name!r}.").format(name=option_name)
+
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.option_name = option_name
+
+        if possibilities:
+            from difflib import get_close_matches
+
+            possibilities_ = get_close_matches(option_name, possibilities)
+        else:
+            possibilities_ = None
+        self.possibilities = possibilities_
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if not self.possibilities:
+            return self.message
+        return f"{self.message} {_format_possibilities(self.possibilities)}"
+
+
+class NoSuchCommand(UsageError):
+    """Raised if Click attempted to handle a command that does not exist.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
+    """
+
+    command_name: t.Final[str]
+    possibilities: t.Final[list[str] | None]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        command_name: str,
+        message: str | None = None,
+        possibilities: cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if message is None:
+            message = _("No such command {name!r}.").format(name=command_name)
+
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.command_name = command_name
+
+        if possibilities:
+            from difflib import get_close_matches
+
+            possibilities_ = get_close_matches(command_name, possibilities)
+        else:
+            possibilities_ = None
+        self.possibilities = possibilities_
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if not self.possibilities:
+            return self.message
+        return f"{self.message} {_format_possibilities(self.possibilities)}"
+
+
+class BadOptionUsage(UsageError):
+    """Raised if an option is generally supplied but the use of the option
+    was incorrect.  This is for instance raised if the number of arguments
+    for an option is not correct.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+
+    :param option_name: the name of the option being used incorrectly.
+    """
+
+    option_name: t.Final[str]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, option_name: str, message: str, ctx: Context | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.option_name = option_name
+
+
+class BadArgumentUsage(UsageError):
+    """Raised if an argument is generally supplied but the use of the argument
+    was incorrect.  This is for instance raised if the number of values
+    for an argument is not correct.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 6.0
+    """
+
+
+class NoArgsIsHelpError(UsageError):
+    ctx: Context
+
+    def __init__(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        super().__init__(ctx.get_help(), ctx=ctx)
+
+    def show(self, file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        echo(self.format_message(), file=file, err=True, color=self.ctx.color)
+
+
+class FileError(ClickException):
+    """Raised if a file cannot be opened."""
+
+    ui_filename: t.Final[str]
+    filename: t.Final[str]
+
+    def __init__(self, filename: str, hint: str | None = None) -> None:
+        if hint is None:
+            hint = _("unknown error")
+
+        super().__init__(hint)
+        self.ui_filename = format_filename(filename)
+        self.filename = filename
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        return _("Could not open file {filename!r}: {message}").format(
+            filename=self.ui_filename, message=self.message
+        )
+
+
+class Abort(RuntimeError):
+    """An internal signalling exception that signals Click to abort."""
+
+
+class Exit(RuntimeError):
+    """An exception that indicates that the application should exit with some
+    status code.
+
+    :param code: the status code to exit with.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("exit_code",)
+
+    exit_code: t.Final[int]
+
+    def __init__(self, code: int = 0) -> None:
+        self.exit_code = code
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/formatting.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/formatting.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4aa2de571a1eb17bfeb1853e315d28bc968e74c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/formatting.py
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from ._compat import term_len
+from .parser import _split_opt
+
+# Can force a width.  This is used by the test system
+FORCED_WIDTH: int | None = None
+
+
+def measure_table(rows: cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, str]]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+    widths: dict[int, int] = {}
+
+    for row in rows:
+        for idx, col in enumerate(row):
+            widths[idx] = max(widths.get(idx, 0), term_len(col))
+
+    return tuple(y for x, y in sorted(widths.items()))
+
+
+def iter_rows(
+    rows: cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, str]], col_count: int
+) -> cabc.Iterator[tuple[str, ...]]:
+    for row in rows:
+        yield row + ("",) * (col_count - len(row))
+
+
+def wrap_text(
+    text: str,
+    width: int = 78,
+    initial_indent: str = "",
+    subsequent_indent: str = "",
+    preserve_paragraphs: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """A helper function that intelligently wraps text.  By default, it
+    assumes that it operates on a single paragraph of text but if the
+    `preserve_paragraphs` parameter is provided it will intelligently
+    handle paragraphs (defined by two empty lines).
+
+    If paragraphs are handled, a paragraph can be prefixed with an empty
+    line containing the ``\\b`` character (``\\x08``) to indicate that
+    no rewrapping should happen in that block.
+
+    :param text: the text that should be rewrapped.
+    :param width: the maximum width for the text.
+    :param initial_indent: the initial indent that should be placed on the
+                           first line as a string.
+    :param subsequent_indent: the indent string that should be placed on
+                              each consecutive line.
+    :param preserve_paragraphs: if this flag is set then the wrapping will
+                                intelligently handle paragraphs.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Width is measured in visible characters. ANSI escape sequences in
+        ``text``, ``initial_indent``, or ``subsequent_indent`` no longer
+        count toward the width budget, so styled input wraps based on what
+        the user sees instead of raw byte length.
+    """
+    from ._textwrap import TextWrapper
+
+    text = text.expandtabs()
+    wrapper = TextWrapper(
+        width,
+        initial_indent=initial_indent,
+        subsequent_indent=subsequent_indent,
+        replace_whitespace=False,
+    )
+    if not preserve_paragraphs:
+        return wrapper.fill(text)
+
+    p: list[tuple[int, bool, str]] = []
+    buf: list[str] = []
+    indent = None
+
+    def _flush_par() -> None:
+        if not buf:
+            return
+        if buf[0].strip() == "\b":
+            p.append((indent or 0, True, "\n".join(buf[1:])))
+        else:
+            p.append((indent or 0, False, " ".join(buf)))
+        del buf[:]
+
+    for line in text.splitlines():
+        if not line:
+            _flush_par()
+            indent = None
+        else:
+            if indent is None:
+                orig_len = term_len(line)
+                line = line.lstrip()
+                indent = orig_len - term_len(line)
+            buf.append(line)
+    _flush_par()
+
+    rv = []
+    for indent, raw, text in p:
+        with wrapper.extra_indent(" " * indent):
+            if raw:
+                rv.append(wrapper.indent_only(text))
+            else:
+                rv.append(wrapper.fill(text))
+
+    return "\n\n".join(rv)
+
+
+class HelpFormatter:
+    """This class helps with formatting text-based help pages.  It's
+    usually just needed for very special internal cases, but it's also
+    exposed so that developers can write their own fancy outputs.
+
+    At present, it always writes into memory.
+
+    :param indent_increment: the additional increment for each level.
+    :param width: the width for the text.  This defaults to the terminal
+                  width clamped to a maximum of 78.
+    """
+
+    indent_increment: int
+    width: int
+    current_indent: int
+    buffer: list[str]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        indent_increment: int = 2,
+        width: int | None = None,
+        max_width: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.indent_increment = indent_increment
+        if max_width is None:
+            max_width = 80
+        if width is None:
+            import shutil
+
+            width = FORCED_WIDTH
+            if width is None:
+                width = max(min(shutil.get_terminal_size().columns, max_width) - 2, 50)
+        self.width = width
+        self.current_indent = 0
+        self.buffer = []
+
+    def write(self, string: str) -> None:
+        """Writes a unicode string into the internal buffer."""
+        self.buffer.append(string)
+
+    def indent(self) -> None:
+        """Increases the indentation."""
+        self.current_indent += self.indent_increment
+
+    def dedent(self) -> None:
+        """Decreases the indentation."""
+        self.current_indent -= self.indent_increment
+
+    def write_usage(self, prog: str, args: str = "", prefix: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Writes a usage line into the buffer.
+
+        :param prog: the program name.
+        :param args: whitespace separated list of arguments.
+        :param prefix: The prefix for the first line. Defaults to
+            ``"Usage: "``.
+        """
+        if prefix is None:
+            prefix = "{usage} ".format(usage=_("Usage:"))
+
+        usage_prefix = f"{prefix:>{self.current_indent}}{prog} "
+        text_width = self.width - self.current_indent
+
+        if not args:
+            # Without args, the prefix's trailing space and the wrap_text
+            # call that would normally place args on the line are both
+            # unnecessary. Emit just the prefix line.
+            self.write(usage_prefix.rstrip(" "))
+            self.write("\n")
+            return
+
+        if text_width >= (term_len(usage_prefix) + 20):
+            # The arguments will fit to the right of the prefix.
+            indent = " " * term_len(usage_prefix)
+            self.write(
+                wrap_text(
+                    args,
+                    text_width,
+                    initial_indent=usage_prefix,
+                    subsequent_indent=indent,
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            # The prefix is too long, put the arguments on the next line.
+            self.write(usage_prefix)
+            self.write("\n")
+            indent = " " * (max(self.current_indent, term_len(prefix)) + 4)
+            self.write(
+                wrap_text(
+                    args, text_width, initial_indent=indent, subsequent_indent=indent
+                )
+            )
+
+        self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_heading(self, heading: str) -> None:
+        """Writes a heading into the buffer."""
+        self.write(f"{'':>{self.current_indent}}{heading}:\n")
+
+    def write_paragraph(self) -> None:
+        """Writes a paragraph into the buffer."""
+        if self.buffer:
+            self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_text(self, text: str) -> None:
+        """Writes re-indented text into the buffer.  This rewraps and
+        preserves paragraphs.
+        """
+        indent = " " * self.current_indent
+        self.write(
+            wrap_text(
+                text,
+                self.width,
+                initial_indent=indent,
+                subsequent_indent=indent,
+                preserve_paragraphs=True,
+            )
+        )
+        self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_dl(
+        self,
+        rows: cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, str]],
+        col_max: int = 30,
+        col_spacing: int = 2,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Writes a definition list into the buffer.  This is how options
+        and commands are usually formatted.
+
+        :param rows: a list of two item tuples for the terms and values.
+        :param col_max: the maximum width of the first column.
+        :param col_spacing: the number of spaces between the first and
+                            second column.
+        """
+        rows = list(rows)
+        widths = measure_table(rows)
+        if len(widths) != 2:
+            raise TypeError("Expected two columns for definition list")
+
+        first_col = min(widths[0], col_max) + col_spacing
+
+        for first, second in iter_rows(rows, len(widths)):
+            self.write(f"{'':>{self.current_indent}}{first}")
+            if not second:
+                self.write("\n")
+                continue
+            if term_len(first) <= first_col - col_spacing:
+                self.write(" " * (first_col - term_len(first)))
+            else:
+                self.write("\n")
+                self.write(" " * (first_col + self.current_indent))
+
+            text_width = max(self.width - first_col - 2, 10)
+            wrapped_text = wrap_text(second, text_width, preserve_paragraphs=True)
+            lines = wrapped_text.splitlines()
+
+            if lines:
+                self.write(f"{lines[0]}\n")
+
+                for line in lines[1:]:
+                    self.write(f"{'':>{first_col + self.current_indent}}{line}\n")
+            else:
+                self.write("\n")
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def section(self, name: str) -> cabc.Generator[None]:
+        """Helpful context manager that writes a paragraph, a heading,
+        and the indents.
+
+        :param name: the section name that is written as heading.
+        """
+        self.write_paragraph()
+        self.write_heading(name)
+        self.indent()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.dedent()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def indentation(self) -> cabc.Generator[None]:
+        """A context manager that increases the indentation."""
+        self.indent()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.dedent()
+
+    def getvalue(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the buffer contents."""
+        return "".join(self.buffer)
+
+
+def join_options(options: cabc.Iterable[str]) -> tuple[str, bool]:
+    """Given a list of option strings this joins them in the most appropriate
+    way and returns them in the form ``(formatted_string,
+    any_prefix_is_slash)`` where the second item in the tuple is a flag that
+    indicates if any of the option prefixes was a slash.
+    """
+    rv = []
+    any_prefix_is_slash = False
+
+    for opt in options:
+        prefix = _split_opt(opt)[0]
+
+        if prefix == "/":
+            any_prefix_is_slash = True
+
+        rv.append((len(prefix), opt))
+
+    rv.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
+    return ", ".join(x[1] for x in rv), any_prefix_is_slash
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/globals.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/globals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2f91723d21cefdf658be327174e1f8ccdc20fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/globals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from threading import local
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .core import Context
+
+_local = local()
+
+
+@t.overload
+def get_current_context(silent: t.Literal[False] = False) -> Context: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def get_current_context(silent: bool = ...) -> Context | None: ...
+
+
+def get_current_context(silent: bool = False) -> Context | None:
+    """Returns the current click context.  This can be used as a way to
+    access the current context object from anywhere.  This is a more implicit
+    alternative to the :func:`pass_context` decorator.  This function is
+    primarily useful for helpers such as :func:`echo` which might be
+    interested in changing its behavior based on the current context.
+
+    To push the current context, :meth:`Context.scope` can be used.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 5.0
+
+    :param silent: if set to `True` the return value is `None` if no context
+                   is available.  The default behavior is to raise a
+                   :exc:`RuntimeError`.
+    """
+    try:
+        return t.cast("Context", _local.stack[-1])
+    except (AttributeError, IndexError) as e:
+        if not silent:
+            raise RuntimeError("There is no active click context.") from e
+
+    return None
+
+
+def push_context(ctx: Context) -> None:
+    """Pushes a new context to the current stack."""
+    _local.__dict__.setdefault("stack", []).append(ctx)
+
+
+def pop_context() -> None:
+    """Removes the top level from the stack."""
+    _local.stack.pop()
+
+
+def resolve_color_default(color: bool | None = None) -> bool | None:
+    """Internal helper to get the default value of the color flag.  If a
+    value is passed it's returned unchanged, otherwise it's looked up from
+    the current context.
+    """
+    if color is not None:
+        return color
+
+    ctx = get_current_context(silent=True)
+
+    if ctx is not None:
+        return ctx.color
+
+    return None
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/parser.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4fcbf7caa83a474cee2d3ea25da56b0399dd893a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
+"""
+This module started out as largely a copy paste from the stdlib's
+optparse module with the features removed that we do not need from
+optparse because we implement them in Click on a higher level (for
+instance type handling, help formatting and a lot more).
+
+The plan is to remove more and more from here over time.
+
+The reason this is a different module and not optparse from the stdlib
+is that there are differences in 2.x and 3.x about the error messages
+generated and optparse in the stdlib uses gettext for no good reason
+and might cause us issues.
+
+Click uses parts of optparse written by Gregory P. Ward and maintained
+by the Python Software Foundation. This is limited to code in parser.py.
+
+Copyright 2001-2006 Gregory P. Ward. All rights reserved.
+Copyright 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+"""
+
+# This code uses parts of optparse written by Gregory P. Ward and
+# maintained by the Python Software Foundation.
+# Copyright 2001-2006 Gregory P. Ward
+# Copyright 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+from collections import deque
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from ._utils import FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+from ._utils import UNSET
+from .exceptions import BadArgumentUsage
+from .exceptions import BadOptionUsage
+from .exceptions import NoSuchOption
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._utils import T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+    from ._utils import T_UNSET
+    from .core import Argument as CoreArgument
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Option as CoreOption
+    from .core import Parameter as CoreParameter
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def _unpack_args(
+    args: cabc.Sequence[str], nargs_spec: cabc.Sequence[int]
+) -> tuple[cabc.Sequence[str | cabc.Sequence[str | T_UNSET] | T_UNSET], list[str]]:
+    """Given an iterable of arguments and an iterable of nargs specifications,
+    it returns a tuple with all the unpacked arguments at the first index
+    and all remaining arguments as the second.
+
+    The nargs specification is the number of arguments that should be consumed
+    or `-1` to indicate that this position should eat up all the remainders.
+
+    Missing items are filled with ``UNSET``.
+    """
+    args = deque(args)
+    nargs_spec = deque(nargs_spec)
+    rv: list[str | tuple[str | T_UNSET, ...] | T_UNSET] = []
+    spos: int | None = None
+
+    def _fetch(c: deque[str]) -> str | T_UNSET:
+        try:
+            if spos is None:
+                return c.popleft()
+            else:
+                return c.pop()
+        except IndexError:
+            return UNSET
+
+    while nargs_spec:
+        if spos is None:
+            nargs = nargs_spec.popleft()
+        else:
+            nargs = nargs_spec.pop()
+
+        if nargs == 1:
+            rv.append(_fetch(args))
+        elif nargs > 1:
+            x: list[str | T_UNSET] = [_fetch(args) for _ in range(nargs)]
+
+            # If we're reversed, we're pulling in the arguments in reverse,
+            # so we need to turn them around.
+            if spos is not None:
+                x.reverse()
+
+            rv.append(tuple(x))
+        elif nargs < 0:
+            if spos is not None:
+                raise TypeError("Cannot have two nargs < 0")
+
+            spos = len(rv)
+            rv.append(UNSET)
+
+    # spos is the position of the wildcard (star).  If it's not `None`,
+    # we fill it with the remainder.
+    if spos is not None:
+        rv[spos] = tuple(args)
+        args = []
+        rv[spos + 1 :] = reversed(rv[spos + 1 :])
+
+    return tuple(rv), list(args)
+
+
+def _split_opt(opt: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    first = opt[:1]
+    if first.isalnum():
+        return "", opt
+    if opt[1:2] == first:
+        return opt[:2], opt[2:]
+    return first, opt[1:]
+
+
+def _normalize_opt(opt: str, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+    if ctx is None or ctx.token_normalize_func is None:
+        return opt
+    prefix, opt = _split_opt(opt)
+    return f"{prefix}{ctx.token_normalize_func(opt)}"
+
+
+class _Option:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        obj: CoreOption,
+        opts: cabc.Sequence[str],
+        dest: str | None,
+        action: str | None = None,
+        nargs: int = 1,
+        const: t.Any | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._short_opts = []
+        self._long_opts = []
+        self.prefixes: set[str] = set()
+
+        for opt in opts:
+            prefix, value = _split_opt(opt)
+            if not prefix:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    _("Invalid start character for option ({option})").format(
+                        option=opt
+                    )
+                )
+            self.prefixes.add(prefix[0])
+            if len(prefix) == 1 and len(value) == 1:
+                self._short_opts.append(opt)
+            else:
+                self._long_opts.append(opt)
+                self.prefixes.add(prefix)
+
+        if action is None:
+            action = "store"
+
+        self.dest = dest
+        self.action = action
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.const = const
+        self.obj = obj
+
+    @property
+    def takes_value(self) -> bool:
+        return self.action in ("store", "append")
+
+    def process(self, value: t.Any, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        if self.action == "store":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = value  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "store_const":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = self.const  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "append":
+            state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(value)  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "append_const":
+            state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(self.const)  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "count":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = state.opts.get(self.dest, 0) + 1  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"unknown action '{self.action}'")
+        state.order.append(self.obj)
+
+
+class _Argument:
+    def __init__(self, obj: CoreArgument, dest: str | None, nargs: int = 1):
+        self.dest = dest
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.obj = obj
+
+    def process(
+        self,
+        value: str | cabc.Sequence[str | T_UNSET] | T_UNSET,
+        state: _ParsingState,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.nargs > 1:
+            assert isinstance(value, cabc.Sequence)
+            holes = sum(x is UNSET for x in value)
+            if holes == len(value):
+                value = UNSET
+            elif holes != 0:
+                raise BadArgumentUsage(
+                    _("Argument {name!r} takes {nargs} values.").format(
+                        name=self.dest, nargs=self.nargs
+                    )
+                )
+
+        # We failed to collect any argument value so we consider the argument as unset.
+        if value == ():
+            value = UNSET
+
+        state.opts[self.dest] = value  # type: ignore
+        state.order.append(self.obj)
+
+
+class _ParsingState:
+    def __init__(self, rargs: list[str]) -> None:
+        self.opts: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        self.largs: list[str] = []
+        self.rargs = rargs
+        self.order: list[CoreParameter] = []
+
+
+class _OptionParser:
+    """The option parser is an internal class that is ultimately used to
+    parse options and arguments.  It's modelled after optparse and brings
+    a similar but vastly simplified API.  It should generally not be used
+    directly as the high level Click classes wrap it for you.
+
+    It's not nearly as extensible as optparse or argparse as it does not
+    implement features that are implemented on a higher level (such as
+    types or defaults).
+
+    :param ctx: optionally the :class:`~click.Context` where this parser
+                should go with.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 8.2
+        Will be removed in Click 9.0.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ctx: Context | None = None) -> None:
+        #: The :class:`~click.Context` for this parser.  This might be
+        #: `None` for some advanced use cases.
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        #: This controls how the parser deals with interspersed arguments.
+        #: If this is set to `False`, the parser will stop on the first
+        #: non-option.  Click uses this to implement nested subcommands
+        #: safely.
+        self.allow_interspersed_args: bool = True
+        #: This tells the parser how to deal with unknown options.  By
+        #: default it will error out (which is sensible), but there is a
+        #: second mode where it will ignore it and continue processing
+        #: after shifting all the unknown options into the resulting args.
+        self.ignore_unknown_options: bool = False
+
+        if ctx is not None:
+            self.allow_interspersed_args = ctx.allow_interspersed_args
+            self.ignore_unknown_options = ctx.ignore_unknown_options
+
+        self._short_opt: dict[str, _Option] = {}
+        self._long_opt: dict[str, _Option] = {}
+        self._opt_prefixes = {"-", "--"}
+        self._args: list[_Argument] = []
+
+    def add_option(
+        self,
+        obj: CoreOption,
+        opts: cabc.Sequence[str],
+        dest: str | None,
+        action: str | None = None,
+        nargs: int = 1,
+        const: t.Any | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Adds a new option named `dest` to the parser.  The destination
+        is not inferred (unlike with optparse) and needs to be explicitly
+        provided.  Action can be any of ``store``, ``store_const``,
+        ``append``, ``append_const`` or ``count``.
+
+        The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
+        that is returned from the parser.
+        """
+        opts = [_normalize_opt(opt, self.ctx) for opt in opts]
+        option = _Option(obj, opts, dest, action=action, nargs=nargs, const=const)
+        self._opt_prefixes.update(option.prefixes)
+        for opt in option._short_opts:
+            self._short_opt[opt] = option
+        for opt in option._long_opts:
+            self._long_opt[opt] = option
+
+    def add_argument(self, obj: CoreArgument, dest: str | None, nargs: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Adds a positional argument named `dest` to the parser.
+
+        The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
+        that is returned from the parser.
+        """
+        self._args.append(_Argument(obj, dest=dest, nargs=nargs))
+
+    def parse_args(
+        self, args: list[str]
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, t.Any], list[str], list[CoreParameter]]:
+        """Parses positional arguments and returns ``(values, args, order)``
+        for the parsed options and arguments as well as the leftover
+        arguments if there are any.  The order is a list of objects as they
+        appear on the command line.  If arguments appear multiple times they
+        will be memorized multiple times as well.
+        """
+        state = _ParsingState(args)
+        try:
+            self._process_args_for_options(state)
+            self._process_args_for_args(state)
+        except UsageError:
+            if self.ctx is None or not self.ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                raise
+        return state.opts, state.largs, state.order
+
+    def _process_args_for_args(self, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        pargs, args = _unpack_args(
+            state.largs + state.rargs, [x.nargs for x in self._args]
+        )
+
+        for idx, arg in enumerate(self._args):
+            arg.process(pargs[idx], state)
+
+        state.largs = args
+        state.rargs = []
+
+    def _process_args_for_options(self, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        while state.rargs:
+            arg = state.rargs.pop(0)
+            arglen = len(arg)
+            # Double dashes always handled explicitly regardless of what
+            # prefixes are valid.
+            if arg == "--":
+                return
+            elif arg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes and arglen > 1:
+                self._process_opts(arg, state)
+            elif self.allow_interspersed_args:
+                state.largs.append(arg)
+            else:
+                state.rargs.insert(0, arg)
+                return
+
+        # Say this is the original argument list:
+        # [arg0, arg1, ..., arg(i-1), arg(i), arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
+        #                            ^
+        # (we are about to process arg(i)).
+        #
+        # Then rargs is [arg(i), ..., arg(N-1)] and largs is a *subset* of
+        # [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)] (any options and their arguments will have
+        # been removed from largs).
+        #
+        # The while loop will usually consume 1 or more arguments per pass.
+        # If it consumes 1 (eg. arg is an option that takes no arguments),
+        # then after _process_arg() is done the situation is:
+        #
+        #   largs = subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i)]
+        #   rargs = [arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
+        #
+        # If allow_interspersed_args is false, largs will always be
+        # *empty* -- still a subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)], but
+        # not a very interesting subset!
+
+    def _match_long_opt(
+        self, opt: str, explicit_value: str | None, state: _ParsingState
+    ) -> None:
+        if opt not in self._long_opt:
+            raise NoSuchOption(opt, possibilities=self._long_opt, ctx=self.ctx)
+
+        option = self._long_opt[opt]
+        if option.takes_value:
+            # At this point it's safe to modify rargs by injecting the
+            # explicit value, because no exception is raised in this
+            # branch.  This means that the inserted value will be fully
+            # consumed.
+            if explicit_value is not None:
+                state.rargs.insert(0, explicit_value)
+
+            value = self._get_value_from_state(opt, option, state)
+
+        elif explicit_value is not None:
+            raise BadOptionUsage(
+                opt, _("Option {name!r} does not take a value.").format(name=opt)
+            )
+
+        else:
+            value = UNSET
+
+        option.process(value, state)
+
+    def _match_short_opt(self, arg: str, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        stop = False
+        i = 1
+        prefix = arg[0]
+        unknown_options = []
+
+        for ch in arg[1:]:
+            opt = _normalize_opt(f"{prefix}{ch}", self.ctx)
+            option = self._short_opt.get(opt)
+            i += 1
+
+            if not option:
+                if self.ignore_unknown_options:
+                    unknown_options.append(ch)
+                    continue
+                raise NoSuchOption(opt, ctx=self.ctx)
+            if option.takes_value:
+                # Any characters left in arg?  Pretend they're the
+                # next arg, and stop consuming characters of arg.
+                if i < len(arg):
+                    state.rargs.insert(0, arg[i:])
+                    stop = True
+
+                value = self._get_value_from_state(opt, option, state)
+
+            else:
+                value = UNSET
+
+            option.process(value, state)
+
+            if stop:
+                break
+
+        # If we got any unknown options we recombine the string of the
+        # remaining options and re-attach the prefix, then report that
+        # to the state as new large.  This way there is basic combinatorics
+        # that can be achieved while still ignoring unknown arguments.
+        if self.ignore_unknown_options and unknown_options:
+            state.largs.append(f"{prefix}{''.join(unknown_options)}")
+
+    def _get_value_from_state(
+        self, option_name: str, option: _Option, state: _ParsingState
+    ) -> str | cabc.Sequence[str] | T_UNSET | T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE:
+        nargs = option.nargs
+
+        value: str | cabc.Sequence[str] | T_UNSET | T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+
+        if len(state.rargs) < nargs:
+            if option.obj._flag_needs_value:
+                # Option allows omitting the value.
+                value = FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+            else:
+                raise BadOptionUsage(
+                    option_name,
+                    ngettext(
+                        "Option {name!r} requires an argument.",
+                        "Option {name!r} requires {nargs} arguments.",
+                        nargs,
+                    ).format(name=option_name, nargs=nargs),
+                )
+        elif nargs == 1:
+            next_rarg = state.rargs[0]
+
+            if (
+                option.obj._flag_needs_value
+                and isinstance(next_rarg, str)
+                and next_rarg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes
+                and len(next_rarg) > 1
+            ):
+                # The next arg looks like the start of an option, don't
+                # use it as the value if omitting the value is allowed.
+                value = FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+            else:
+                value = state.rargs.pop(0)
+        else:
+            value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs])
+            del state.rargs[:nargs]
+
+        return value
+
+    def _process_opts(self, arg: str, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        explicit_value = None
+        # Long option handling happens in two parts.  The first part is
+        # supporting explicitly attached values.  In any case, we will try
+        # to long match the option first.
+        if "=" in arg:
+            long_opt, explicit_value = arg.split("=", 1)
+        else:
+            long_opt = arg
+        norm_long_opt = _normalize_opt(long_opt, self.ctx)
+
+        # At this point we will match the (assumed) long option through
+        # the long option matching code.  Note that this allows options
+        # like "-foo" to be matched as long options.
+        try:
+            self._match_long_opt(norm_long_opt, explicit_value, state)
+        except NoSuchOption:
+            # At this point the long option matching failed, and we need
+            # to try with short options.  However there is a special rule
+            # which says, that if we have a two character options prefix
+            # (applies to "--foo" for instance), we do not dispatch to the
+            # short option code and will instead raise the no option
+            # error.
+            if arg[:2] not in self._opt_prefixes:
+                self._match_short_opt(arg, state)
+                return
+
+            if not self.ignore_unknown_options:
+                raise
+
+            state.largs.append(arg)
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> object:
+    import warnings
+
+    if name in {
+        "OptionParser",
+        "Argument",
+        "Option",
+        "split_opt",
+        "normalize_opt",
+        "ParsingState",
+    }:
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"'parser.{name}' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0."
+            " The old parser is available in 'optparse'.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return globals()[f"_{name}"]
+
+    if name == "split_arg_string":
+        from .shell_completion import split_arg_string
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Importing 'parser.split_arg_string' is deprecated, it will only be"
+            " available in 'shell_completion' in Click 9.0.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return split_arg_string
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/py.typed b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..468ee7720d934396d0a309067d800ea819af7da2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,705 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import os
+import re
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from .core import Argument
+from .core import Command
+from .core import Context
+from .core import Group
+from .core import Option
+from .core import Parameter
+from .core import ParameterSource
+from .utils import echo
+
+
+def shell_complete(
+    cli: Command,
+    ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+    prog_name: str,
+    complete_var: str,
+    instruction: str,
+) -> t.Literal[0, 1]:
+    """Perform shell completion for the given CLI program.
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param ctx_args: Extra arguments to pass to
+        ``cli.make_context``.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+        the completion instruction.
+    :param instruction: Value of ``complete_var`` with the completion
+        instruction and shell, in the form ``instruction_shell``.
+    :return: Status code to exit with.
+    """
+    shell, _, instruction = instruction.partition("_")
+    comp_cls = get_completion_class(shell)
+
+    if comp_cls is None:
+        return 1
+
+    comp = comp_cls(cli, ctx_args, prog_name, complete_var)
+
+    # Write bytes, otherwise Windows text stdout translates LF to CRLF and breaks.
+    if instruction == "source":
+        echo(comp.source().encode(), nl=False)
+        return 0
+
+    if instruction == "complete":
+        echo(comp.complete().encode())
+        return 0
+
+    return 1
+
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVar
+
+    # `Any` is used as default for backwards compatibility (instead of e.g. `str`)
+    _ValueT_co = TypeVar("_ValueT_co", covariant=True, default=t.Any)
+else:
+    _ValueT_co = t.TypeVar("_ValueT_co", covariant=True)
+
+
+class CompletionItem(t.Generic[_ValueT_co]):
+    """Represents a completion value and metadata about the value. The
+    default metadata is ``type`` to indicate special shell handling,
+    and ``help`` if a shell supports showing a help string next to the
+    value.
+
+    Arbitrary parameters can be passed when creating the object, and
+    accessed using ``item.attr``. If an attribute wasn't passed,
+    accessing it returns ``None``.
+
+    :param value: The completion suggestion.
+    :param type: Tells the shell script to provide special completion
+        support for the type. Click uses ``"dir"`` and ``"file"``.
+    :param help: String shown next to the value if supported.
+    :param kwargs: Arbitrary metadata. The built-in implementations
+        don't use this, but custom type completions paired with custom
+        shell support could use it.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("value", "type", "help", "_info")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        value: _ValueT_co,
+        type: str = "plain",
+        help: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.value: _ValueT_co = value
+        self.type: str = type
+        self.help: str | None = help
+        self._info = kwargs
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return self._info.get(name)
+
+
+# Only Bash >= 4.4 has the nosort option.
+_SOURCE_BASH = """\
+%(complete_func)s() {
+    local IFS=$'\\n'
+    local response
+
+    response=$(env COMP_WORDS="${COMP_WORDS[*]}" COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \
+%(complete_var)s=bash_complete $1)
+
+    for completion in $response; do
+        IFS=',' read type value <<< "$completion"
+
+        if [[ $type == 'dir' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY=()
+            compopt -o dirnames
+        elif [[ $type == 'file' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY=()
+            compopt -o default
+        elif [[ $type == 'plain' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY+=($value)
+        fi
+    done
+
+    return 0
+}
+
+%(complete_func)s_setup() {
+    complete -o nosort -F %(complete_func)s %(prog_name)s
+}
+
+%(complete_func)s_setup;
+"""
+
+# See ZshComplete.format_completion below, and issue #2703, before
+# changing this script.
+#
+# (TL;DR: _describe is picky about the format, but this Zsh script snippet
+# is already widely deployed.  So freeze this script, and use clever-ish
+# handling of colons in ZshComplet.format_completion.)
+_SOURCE_ZSH = """\
+#compdef %(prog_name)s
+
+%(complete_func)s() {
+    local -a completions
+    local -a completions_with_descriptions
+    local -a response
+    (( ! $+commands[%(prog_name)s] )) && return 1
+
+    response=("${(@f)$(env COMP_WORDS="${words[*]}" COMP_CWORD=$((CURRENT-1)) \
+%(complete_var)s=zsh_complete %(prog_name)s)}")
+
+    for type key descr in ${response}; do
+        if [[ "$type" == "plain" ]]; then
+            if [[ "$descr" == "_" ]]; then
+                completions+=("$key")
+            else
+                completions_with_descriptions+=("$key":"$descr")
+            fi
+        elif [[ "$type" == "dir" ]]; then
+            _path_files -/
+        elif [[ "$type" == "file" ]]; then
+            _path_files -f
+        fi
+    done
+
+    if [ -n "$completions_with_descriptions" ]; then
+        _describe -V unsorted completions_with_descriptions -U
+    fi
+
+    if [ -n "$completions" ]; then
+        compadd -U -V unsorted -a completions
+    fi
+}
+
+if [[ $zsh_eval_context[-1] == loadautofunc ]]; then
+    # autoload from fpath, call function directly
+    %(complete_func)s "$@"
+else
+    # eval/source/. command, register function for later
+    compdef %(complete_func)s %(prog_name)s
+fi
+"""
+
+_SOURCE_FISH = """\
+function %(complete_func)s;
+    set -l response (env %(complete_var)s=fish_complete COMP_WORDS=(commandline -cp) \
+COMP_CWORD=(commandline -t) %(prog_name)s);
+
+    for completion in $response;
+        set -l metadata (string split "," $completion);
+
+        if test $metadata[1] = "dir";
+            __fish_complete_directories $metadata[2];
+        else if test $metadata[1] = "file";
+            __fish_complete_path $metadata[2];
+        else if test $metadata[1] = "plain";
+            echo $metadata[2];
+        end;
+    end;
+end;
+
+complete --no-files --command %(prog_name)s --arguments \
+"(%(complete_func)s)";
+"""
+
+
+class _SourceVarsDict(t.TypedDict):
+    complete_func: str
+    complete_var: str
+    prog_name: str
+
+
+class ShellComplete:
+    """Base class for providing shell completion support. A subclass for
+    a given shell will override attributes and methods to implement the
+    completion instructions (``source`` and ``complete``).
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+        the completion instruction.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    """
+
+    name: t.ClassVar[str]
+    """Name to register the shell as with :func:`add_completion_class`.
+    This is used in completion instructions (``{name}_source`` and
+    ``{name}_complete``).
+    """
+
+    source_template: t.ClassVar[str]
+    """Completion script template formatted by :meth:`source`. This must
+    be provided by subclasses.
+    """
+
+    cli: Command
+    ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]
+    prog_name: str
+    complete_var: str
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cli: Command,
+        ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        prog_name: str,
+        complete_var: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.cli = cli
+        self.ctx_args = ctx_args
+        self.prog_name = prog_name
+        self.complete_var = complete_var
+
+    @property
+    def func_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the shell function defined by the completion
+        script.
+        """
+        safe_name = re.sub(r"\W*", "", self.prog_name.replace("-", "_"), flags=re.ASCII)
+        return f"_{safe_name}_completion"
+
+    def source_vars(self) -> _SourceVarsDict:
+        """Vars for formatting :attr:`source_template`.
+
+        By default this provides ``complete_func``, ``complete_var``,
+        and ``prog_name``.
+        """
+        return {
+            "complete_func": self.func_name,
+            "complete_var": self.complete_var,
+            "prog_name": self.prog_name,
+        }
+
+    def source(self) -> str:
+        """Produce the shell script that defines the completion
+        function. By default this ``%``-style formats
+        :attr:`source_template` with the dict returned by
+        :meth:`source_vars`.
+        """
+        return self.source_template % self.source_vars()
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        """Use the env vars defined by the shell script to return a
+        tuple of ``args, incomplete``. This must be implemented by
+        subclasses.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_completions(
+        self, args: list[str], incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem[str]]:
+        """Determine the context and last complete command or parameter
+        from the complete args. Call that object's ``shell_complete``
+        method to get the completions for the incomplete value.
+
+        :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+        """
+        ctx = _resolve_context(self.cli, self.ctx_args, self.prog_name, args)
+        obj, incomplete = _resolve_incomplete(ctx, args, incomplete)
+        return obj.shell_complete(ctx, incomplete)
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem[str]) -> str:
+        """Format a completion item into the form recognized by the
+        shell script. This must be implemented by subclasses.
+
+        :param item: Completion item to format.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def complete(self) -> str:
+        """Produce the completion data to send back to the shell.
+
+        By default this calls :meth:`get_completion_args`, gets the
+        completions, then calls :meth:`format_completion` for each
+        completion.
+        """
+        args, incomplete = self.get_completion_args()
+        completions = self.get_completions(args, incomplete)
+        out = [self.format_completion(item) for item in completions]
+        return "\n".join(out)
+
+
+class BashComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Bash."""
+
+    name: t.ClassVar[str] = "bash"
+    source_template: t.ClassVar[str] = _SOURCE_BASH
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _check_version() -> None:
+        import shutil
+        import subprocess
+
+        bash_exe = shutil.which("bash")
+
+        if bash_exe is None:
+            match = None
+        else:
+            output = subprocess.run(
+                [bash_exe, "--norc", "-c", 'echo "${BASH_VERSION}"'],
+                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            )
+            match = re.search(r"^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.\d+", output.stdout.decode())
+
+        if match is not None:
+            major, minor = match.groups()
+
+            if major < "4" or major == "4" and minor < "4":
+                echo(
+                    _(
+                        "Shell completion is not supported for Bash"
+                        " versions older than 4.4."
+                    ),
+                    err=True,
+                )
+        else:
+            echo(
+                _("Couldn't detect Bash version, shell completion is not supported."),
+                err=True,
+            )
+
+    def source(self) -> str:
+        self._check_version()
+        return super().source()
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
+        args = cwords[1:cword]
+
+        try:
+            incomplete = cwords[cword]
+        except IndexError:
+            incomplete = ""
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem[t.Any]) -> str:
+        return f"{item.type},{item.value}"
+
+
+class ZshComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Zsh."""
+
+    name: t.ClassVar[str] = "zsh"
+    source_template: t.ClassVar[str] = _SOURCE_ZSH
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
+        args = cwords[1:cword]
+
+        try:
+            incomplete = cwords[cword]
+        except IndexError:
+            incomplete = ""
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem[str]) -> str:
+        help_ = item.help or "_"
+        # The zsh completion script uses `_describe` on items with help
+        # texts (which splits the item help from the item value at the
+        # first unescaped colon) and `compadd` on items without help
+        # text (which uses the item value as-is and does not support
+        # colon escaping).  So escape colons in the item value if and
+        # only if the item help is not the sentinel "_" value, as used
+        # by the completion script.
+        #
+        # (The zsh completion script is potentially widely deployed, and
+        # thus harder to fix than this method.)
+        #
+        # See issue #1812 and issue #2703 for further context.
+        value = item.value.replace(":", r"\:") if help_ != "_" else item.value
+        return f"{item.type}\n{value}\n{help_}"
+
+
+class FishComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Fish."""
+
+    name: t.ClassVar[str] = "fish"
+    source_template: t.ClassVar[str] = _SOURCE_FISH
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        incomplete = os.environ["COMP_CWORD"]
+        if incomplete:
+            incomplete = split_arg_string(incomplete)[0]
+        args = cwords[1:]
+
+        # Fish stores the partial word in both COMP_WORDS and
+        # COMP_CWORD, remove it from complete args.
+        if incomplete and args and args[-1] == incomplete:
+            args.pop()
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem[str]) -> str:
+        """
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.4.2
+            Escape newlines and replace tabs with spaces in the help text to
+            fix completion errors with multi-line help strings.
+        """
+        # According to https://fishshell.com/docs/current/cmds/complete.html
+        # Command substitutions found in ARGUMENTS should return a newline-
+        # separated list of arguments, and each argument may optionally have a tab
+        # character followed by the argument description.
+        if item.help:
+            help_ = item.help.replace("\n", "\\n").replace("\t", " ")
+            return f"{item.type},{item.value}\t{help_}"
+
+        return f"{item.type},{item.value}"
+
+
+_available_shells: t.Final[dict[str, type[ShellComplete]]] = {
+    "bash": BashComplete,
+    "fish": FishComplete,
+    "zsh": ZshComplete,
+}
+
+_ShellCompleteT = t.TypeVar("_ShellCompleteT", bound="ShellComplete")
+
+
+def add_completion_class(
+    cls: type[_ShellCompleteT], name: str | None = None
+) -> type[_ShellCompleteT]:
+    """Register a :class:`ShellComplete` subclass under the given name.
+    The name will be provided by the completion instruction environment
+    variable during completion.
+
+    :param cls: The completion class that will handle completion for the
+        shell.
+    :param name: Name to register the class under. Defaults to the
+        class's ``name`` attribute.
+    """
+    if name is None:
+        name = cls.name
+
+    _available_shells[name] = cls
+
+    return cls
+
+
+@t.overload
+def get_completion_class(shell: t.Literal["bash"]) -> type[BashComplete]: ...
+@t.overload
+def get_completion_class(shell: t.Literal["fish"]) -> type[FishComplete]: ...
+@t.overload
+def get_completion_class(shell: t.Literal["zsh"]) -> type[ZshComplete]: ...
+@t.overload
+def get_completion_class(shell: str) -> type[ShellComplete] | None: ...
+def get_completion_class(shell: str) -> type[ShellComplete] | None:
+    """Look up a registered :class:`ShellComplete` subclass by the name
+    provided by the completion instruction environment variable. If the
+    name isn't registered, returns ``None``.
+
+    :param shell: Name the class is registered under.
+    """
+    return _available_shells.get(shell)
+
+
+def split_arg_string(string: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Split an argument string as with :func:`shlex.split`, but don't
+    fail if the string is incomplete. Ignores a missing closing quote or
+    incomplete escape sequence and uses the partial token as-is.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        split_arg_string("example 'my file")
+        ["example", "my file"]
+
+        split_arg_string("example my\\")
+        ["example", "my"]
+
+    :param string: String to split.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Moved to ``shell_completion`` from ``parser``.
+    """
+    import shlex
+
+    lex = shlex.shlex(string, posix=True)
+    lex.whitespace_split = True
+    lex.commenters = ""
+    out = []
+
+    try:
+        for token in lex:
+            out.append(token)
+    except ValueError:
+        # Raised when end-of-string is reached in an invalid state. Use
+        # the partial token as-is. The quote or escape character is in
+        # lex.state, not lex.token.
+        out.append(lex.token)
+
+    return out
+
+
+def _is_incomplete_argument(ctx: Context, param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    """Determine if the given parameter is an argument that can still
+    accept values.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the command represented by the
+        parsed complete args.
+    :param param: Argument object being checked.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(param, Argument):
+        return False
+
+    value = ctx.params.get(param.name)
+    return (
+        param.nargs == -1
+        or ctx.get_parameter_source(param.name) is not ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+        or (
+            param.nargs > 1
+            and isinstance(value, (tuple, list))
+            and len(value) < param.nargs
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _start_of_option(ctx: Context, value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if the value looks like the start of an option."""
+    if not value:
+        return False
+
+    c = value[0]
+    return c in ctx._opt_prefixes
+
+
+def _is_incomplete_option(ctx: Context, args: list[str], param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    """Determine if the given parameter is an option that needs a value.
+
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    :param param: Option object being checked.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(param, Option):
+        return False
+
+    if param.is_flag or param.count:
+        return False
+
+    last_option = None
+
+    for index, arg in enumerate(reversed(args)):
+        if index + 1 > param.nargs:
+            break
+
+        if _start_of_option(ctx, arg):
+            last_option = arg
+            break
+
+    return last_option is not None and last_option in param.opts
+
+
+def _resolve_context(
+    cli: Command,
+    ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+    prog_name: str,
+    args: list[str],
+) -> Context:
+    """Produce the context hierarchy starting with the command and
+    traversing the complete arguments. This only follows the commands,
+    it doesn't trigger input prompts or callbacks.
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    """
+    ctx_args["resilient_parsing"] = True
+    with cli.make_context(prog_name, args.copy(), **ctx_args) as ctx:
+        args = ctx._protected_args + ctx.args
+
+        while args:
+            command = ctx.command
+
+            if isinstance(command, Group):
+                if not command.chain:
+                    name, cmd, args = command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+
+                    if cmd is None:
+                        return ctx
+
+                    with cmd.make_context(
+                        name, args, parent=ctx, resilient_parsing=True
+                    ) as sub_ctx:
+                        ctx = sub_ctx
+                        args = ctx._protected_args + ctx.args
+                else:
+                    sub_ctx = ctx
+
+                    while args:
+                        name, cmd, args = command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+
+                        if cmd is None:
+                            return ctx
+
+                        with cmd.make_context(
+                            name,
+                            args,
+                            parent=ctx,
+                            allow_extra_args=True,
+                            allow_interspersed_args=False,
+                            resilient_parsing=True,
+                        ) as sub_sub_ctx:
+                            sub_ctx = sub_sub_ctx
+                            args = sub_ctx.args
+
+                    ctx = sub_ctx
+                    args = [*sub_ctx._protected_args, *sub_ctx.args]
+            else:
+                break
+
+    return ctx
+
+
+def _resolve_incomplete(
+    ctx: Context, args: list[str], incomplete: str
+) -> tuple[Command | Parameter, str]:
+    """Find the Click object that will handle the completion of the
+    incomplete value. Return the object and the incomplete value.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the command represented by
+        the parsed complete args.
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+    """
+    # Different shells treat an "=" between a long option name and
+    # value differently. Might keep the value joined, return the "="
+    # as a separate item, or return the split name and value. Always
+    # split and discard the "=" to make completion easier.
+    if incomplete == "=":
+        incomplete = ""
+    elif "=" in incomplete and _start_of_option(ctx, incomplete):
+        name, _, incomplete = incomplete.partition("=")
+        args.append(name)
+
+    # The "--" marker tells Click to stop treating values as options
+    # even if they start with the option character. If it hasn't been
+    # given and the incomplete arg looks like an option, the current
+    # command will provide option name completions.
+    if "--" not in args and _start_of_option(ctx, incomplete):
+        return ctx.command, incomplete
+
+    params = ctx.command.get_params(ctx)
+
+    # If the last complete arg is an option name with an incomplete
+    # value, the option will provide value completions.
+    for param in params:
+        if _is_incomplete_option(ctx, args, param):
+            return param, incomplete
+
+    # It's not an option name or value. The first argument without a
+    # parsed value will provide value completions.
+    for param in params:
+        if _is_incomplete_argument(ctx, param):
+            return param, incomplete
+
+    # There were no unparsed arguments, the command may be a group that
+    # will provide command name completions.
+    return ctx.command, incomplete
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/termui.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/termui.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9bc88db14dd66c59ccc99e386b385573d474dfd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/termui.py
@@ -0,0 +1,945 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import inspect
+import io
+import itertools
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextlib import redirect_stdout
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from ._compat import isatty
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from ._compat import WIN
+from .exceptions import Abort
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+from .types import Choice
+from .types import convert_type
+from .types import ParamType
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import LazyFile
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+# The prompt functions to use.  The doc tools currently override these
+# functions to customize how they work.
+visible_prompt_func: t.Callable[[str], str] = input
+
+_ansi_colors = {
+    "black": 30,
+    "red": 31,
+    "green": 32,
+    "yellow": 33,
+    "blue": 34,
+    "magenta": 35,
+    "cyan": 36,
+    "white": 37,
+    "reset": 39,
+    "bright_black": 90,
+    "bright_red": 91,
+    "bright_green": 92,
+    "bright_yellow": 93,
+    "bright_blue": 94,
+    "bright_magenta": 95,
+    "bright_cyan": 96,
+    "bright_white": 97,
+}
+_ansi_reset_all = "\033[0m"
+
+
+_HIDDEN_INPUT_MASK = "'***'"
+
+
+def _mask_hidden_input(message: str, value: str) -> str:
+    """Replace occurrences of ``value`` in ``message`` with a fixed mask.
+
+    Both ``repr(value)`` (the form built-in :class:`ParamType` errors use
+    via ``{value!r}``) and the raw value are masked. The raw-value pass
+    uses word-boundary lookarounds so a substring like ``"1"`` does not
+    match inside ``"10"``, and ``"ent"`` does not match inside
+    ``"Authentication"``. The empty string is skipped to avoid matching
+    at every boundary.
+    """
+    message = message.replace(repr(value), _HIDDEN_INPUT_MASK)
+    if value:
+        message = re.sub(
+            rf"(?<!\w){re.escape(value)}(?!\w)", _HIDDEN_INPUT_MASK, message
+        )
+    return message
+
+
+def hidden_prompt_func(prompt: str) -> str:
+    import getpass
+
+    return getpass.getpass(prompt)
+
+
+def _readline_prompt(func: t.Callable[[str], str], text: str, err: bool) -> str:
+    """Call a prompt function, passing the full prompt on non-Windows so
+    readline can handle line editing and cursor positioning correctly.
+
+    On Windows the prompt is written separately via :func:`echo` for
+    colorama support, with only the last character passed to *func*.
+    """
+    if WIN:
+        # Write the prompt separately so that we get nice coloring
+        # through colorama on Windows.
+        echo(text[:-1], nl=False, err=err)
+        # Echo the last character to stdout to work around an issue
+        # where readline causes backspace to clear the whole line.
+        return func(text[-1:])
+    if err:
+        with redirect_stdout(sys.stderr):
+            return func(text)
+    return func(text)
+
+
+def _build_prompt(
+    text: str,
+    suffix: str,
+    show_default: bool | str = False,
+    default: t.Any | None = None,
+    show_choices: bool = True,
+    type: ParamType[t.Any] | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    prompt = text
+    if type is not None and show_choices and isinstance(type, Choice):
+        prompt += f" ({', '.join(map(str, type.choices))})"
+    if isinstance(show_default, str):
+        default = f"({show_default})"
+    if default is not None and show_default:
+        prompt = f"{prompt} [{_format_default(default)}]"
+    return f"{prompt}{suffix}"
+
+
+def _format_default(default: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    if isinstance(default, (io.IOBase, LazyFile)) and hasattr(default, "name"):
+        return default.name
+
+    return default
+
+
+def prompt(
+    text: str,
+    default: t.Any | None = None,
+    hide_input: bool = False,
+    confirmation_prompt: bool | str = False,
+    type: ParamType[t.Any] | t.Any | None = None,
+    value_proc: t.Callable[[str], t.Any] | None = None,
+    prompt_suffix: str = ": ",
+    show_default: bool | str = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    show_choices: bool = True,
+) -> t.Any:
+    """Prompts a user for input.  This is a convenience function that can
+    be used to prompt a user for input later.
+
+    If the user aborts the input by sending an interrupt signal, this
+    function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
+
+    :param text: the text to show for the prompt.
+    :param default: the default value to use if no input happens.  If this
+                    is not given it will prompt until it's aborted.
+    :param hide_input: if this is set to true then the input value will
+                       be hidden.
+    :param confirmation_prompt: Prompt a second time to confirm the
+        value. Can be set to a string instead of ``True`` to customize
+        the message.
+    :param type: the type to use to check the value against.
+    :param value_proc: if this parameter is provided it's a function that
+                       is invoked instead of the type conversion to
+                       convert a value.
+    :param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
+    :param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
+                         If this value is a string, it shows that string
+                         in parentheses instead of the actual value.
+    :param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+    :param show_choices: Show or hide choices if the passed type is a Choice.
+                         For example if type is a Choice of either day or week,
+                         show_choices is true and text is "Group by" then the
+                         prompt will be "Group by (day, week): ".
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.3
+        ``show_default`` can be a string to show a custom value instead
+        of the actual default, matching the help text behavior.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.1
+        A space is no longer appended to the prompt.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        ``confirmation_prompt`` can be a custom string.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 7.0
+        Added the ``show_choices`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 6.0
+        Added unicode support for cmd.exe on Windows.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        Added the `err` parameter.
+
+    """
+
+    def prompt_func(text: str) -> str:
+        f = hidden_prompt_func if hide_input else visible_prompt_func
+        try:
+            return _readline_prompt(f, text, err)
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            # getpass doesn't print a newline if the user aborts input with ^C.
+            # Allegedly this behavior is inherited from getpass(3).
+            # A doc bug has been filed at https://bugs.python.org/issue24711
+            if hide_input:
+                echo(None, err=err)
+            raise Abort() from None
+
+    if value_proc is None:
+        value_proc = convert_type(type, default)
+
+    prompt = _build_prompt(
+        text, prompt_suffix, show_default, default, show_choices, type
+    )
+
+    if confirmation_prompt:
+        if confirmation_prompt is True:
+            confirmation_prompt = _("Repeat for confirmation")
+
+        confirmation_prompt = _build_prompt(confirmation_prompt, prompt_suffix)
+
+    while True:
+        while True:
+            value = prompt_func(prompt)
+            if value:
+                break
+            elif default is not None:
+                value = default
+                break
+        try:
+            result = value_proc(value)
+        except UsageError as e:
+            message = _mask_hidden_input(e.message, value) if hide_input else e.message
+            echo(_("Error: {message}").format(message=message), err=err)
+            continue
+        if not confirmation_prompt:
+            return result
+        while True:
+            value2 = prompt_func(confirmation_prompt)
+            is_empty = not value and not value2
+            if value2 or is_empty:
+                break
+        if value == value2:
+            return result
+        echo(_("Error: The two entered values do not match."), err=err)
+
+
+def confirm(
+    text: str,
+    default: bool | None = False,
+    abort: bool = False,
+    prompt_suffix: str = ": ",
+    show_default: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Prompts for confirmation (yes/no question).
+
+    If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal this
+    function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
+
+    :param text: the question to ask.
+    :param default: The default value to use when no input is given. If
+        ``None``, repeat until input is given.
+    :param abort: if this is set to `True` a negative answer aborts the
+                  exception by raising :exc:`Abort`.
+    :param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
+    :param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
+    :param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.1
+        A space is no longer appended to the prompt.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Repeat until input is given if ``default`` is ``None``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        Added the ``err`` parameter.
+    """
+    prompt = _build_prompt(
+        text,
+        prompt_suffix,
+        show_default,
+        "y/n" if default is None else ("Y/n" if default else "y/N"),
+    )
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            value = _readline_prompt(visible_prompt_func, prompt, err).lower().strip()
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            raise Abort() from None
+        if value in ("y", "yes"):
+            rv = True
+        elif value in ("n", "no"):
+            rv = False
+        elif default is not None and value == "":
+            rv = default
+        else:
+            echo(_("Error: invalid input"), err=err)
+            continue
+        break
+    if abort and not rv:
+        raise Abort()
+    return rv
+
+
+def get_pager_file(
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> t.ContextManager[t.TextIO]:
+    """Context manager.
+
+    Yields a writable file-like object which can be used as an output pager.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
+
+    :param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import get_pager_file
+
+    color = resolve_color_default(color)
+
+    return get_pager_file(color=color)
+
+
+def echo_via_pager(
+    text_or_generator: cabc.Iterable[str] | t.Callable[[], cabc.Iterable[str]] | str,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """This function takes a text and shows it via an environment specific
+    pager on stdout.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+       Added the `color` flag.
+
+    :param text_or_generator: the text to page, or alternatively, a
+                              generator emitting the text to page.
+    :param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.
+    """
+
+    if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(text_or_generator):
+        i = t.cast("t.Callable[[], cabc.Iterable[str]]", text_or_generator)()
+    elif isinstance(text_or_generator, str):
+        i = [text_or_generator]
+    else:
+        i = iter(t.cast("cabc.Iterable[str]", text_or_generator))
+
+    # convert every element of i to a text type if necessary
+    text_generator = (el if isinstance(el, str) else str(el) for el in i)
+
+    with get_pager_file(color=color) as pager:
+        for text in itertools.chain(text_generator, "\n"):
+            pager.write(text)
+            # Flush after each write so a slow generator streams to the pager
+            # incrementally rather than staying invisible until the pipe buffer
+            # fills (~8 KB).
+            pager.flush()
+
+
+@t.overload
+def progressbar(
+    *,
+    length: int,
+    label: str | None = None,
+    hidden: bool = False,
+    show_eta: bool = True,
+    show_percent: bool | None = None,
+    show_pos: bool = False,
+    fill_char: str = "#",
+    empty_char: str = "-",
+    bar_template: str = "%(label)s  [%(bar)s]  %(info)s",
+    info_sep: str = "  ",
+    width: int = 36,
+    file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    update_min_steps: int = 1,
+) -> ProgressBar[int]: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def progressbar(
+    iterable: cabc.Iterable[V] | None = None,
+    length: int | None = None,
+    label: str | None = None,
+    hidden: bool = False,
+    show_eta: bool = True,
+    show_percent: bool | None = None,
+    show_pos: bool = False,
+    item_show_func: t.Callable[[V | None], str | None] | None = None,
+    fill_char: str = "#",
+    empty_char: str = "-",
+    bar_template: str = "%(label)s  [%(bar)s]  %(info)s",
+    info_sep: str = "  ",
+    width: int = 36,
+    file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    update_min_steps: int = 1,
+) -> ProgressBar[V]: ...
+
+
+def progressbar(
+    iterable: cabc.Iterable[V] | None = None,
+    length: int | None = None,
+    label: str | None = None,
+    hidden: bool = False,
+    show_eta: bool = True,
+    show_percent: bool | None = None,
+    show_pos: bool = False,
+    item_show_func: t.Callable[[V | None], str | None] | None = None,
+    fill_char: str = "#",
+    empty_char: str = "-",
+    bar_template: str = "%(label)s  [%(bar)s]  %(info)s",
+    info_sep: str = "  ",
+    width: int = 36,
+    file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    update_min_steps: int = 1,
+) -> ProgressBar[V]:
+    """This function creates an iterable context manager that can be used
+    to iterate over something while showing a progress bar.  It will
+    either iterate over the `iterable` or `length` items (that are counted
+    up).  While iteration happens, this function will print a rendered
+    progress bar to the given `file` (defaults to stdout) and will attempt
+    to calculate remaining time and more.  By default, this progress bar
+    will not be rendered if the file is not a terminal.
+
+    The context manager creates the progress bar.  When the context
+    manager is entered the progress bar is already created.  With every
+    iteration over the progress bar, the iterable passed to the bar is
+    advanced and the bar is updated.  When the context manager exits,
+    a newline is printed and the progress bar is finalized on screen.
+
+    Note: The progress bar is currently designed for use cases where the
+    total progress can be expected to take at least several seconds.
+    Because of this, the ProgressBar class object won't display
+    progress that is considered too fast, and progress where the time
+    between steps is less than a second.
+
+    No printing must happen or the progress bar will be unintentionally
+    destroyed.
+
+    Example usage::
+
+        with progressbar(items) as bar:
+            for item in bar:
+                do_something_with(item)
+
+    Alternatively, if no iterable is specified, one can manually update the
+    progress bar through the `update()` method instead of directly
+    iterating over the progress bar.  The update method accepts the number
+    of steps to increment the bar with::
+
+        with progressbar(length=chunks.total_bytes) as bar:
+            for chunk in chunks:
+                process_chunk(chunk)
+                bar.update(chunks.bytes)
+
+    The ``update()`` method also takes an optional value specifying the
+    ``current_item`` at the new position. This is useful when used
+    together with ``item_show_func`` to customize the output for each
+    manual step::
+
+        with click.progressbar(
+            length=total_size,
+            label='Unzipping archive',
+            item_show_func=lambda a: a.filename
+        ) as bar:
+            for archive in zip_file:
+                archive.extract()
+                bar.update(archive.size, archive)
+
+    :param iterable: an iterable to iterate over.  If not provided the length
+                     is required.
+    :param length: the number of items to iterate over.  By default the
+                   progressbar will attempt to ask the iterator about its
+                   length, which might or might not work.  If an iterable is
+                   also provided this parameter can be used to override the
+                   length.  If an iterable is not provided the progress bar
+                   will iterate over a range of that length.
+    :param label: the label to show next to the progress bar.
+    :param hidden: hide the progressbar. Defaults to ``False``. When no tty is
+        detected, it will only print the progressbar label. Setting this to
+        ``False`` also disables that.
+    :param show_eta: enables or disables the estimated time display.  This is
+                     automatically disabled if the length cannot be
+                     determined.
+    :param show_percent: enables or disables the percentage display.  The
+                         default is `True` if the iterable has a length or
+                         `False` if not.
+    :param show_pos: enables or disables the absolute position display.  The
+                     default is `False`.
+    :param item_show_func: A function called with the current item which
+        can return a string to show next to the progress bar. If the
+        function returns ``None`` nothing is shown. The current item can
+        be ``None``, such as when entering and exiting the bar.
+    :param fill_char: the character to use to show the filled part of the
+                      progress bar.
+    :param empty_char: the character to use to show the non-filled part of
+                       the progress bar.
+    :param bar_template: the format string to use as template for the bar.
+                         The parameters in it are ``label`` for the label,
+                         ``bar`` for the progress bar and ``info`` for the
+                         info section.
+    :param info_sep: the separator between multiple info items (eta etc.)
+    :param width: the width of the progress bar in characters, 0 means full
+                  terminal width
+    :param file: The file to write to. If this is not a terminal then
+        only the label is printed.
+    :param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.  This is only needed if ANSI
+                  codes are included anywhere in the progress bar output
+                  which is not the case by default.
+    :param update_min_steps: Render only when this many updates have
+        completed. This allows tuning for very fast iterators.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2
+        The ``hidden`` argument.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Output is shown even if execution time is less than 0.5 seconds.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``item_show_func`` shows the current item, not the previous one.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Labels are echoed if the output is not a TTY. Reverts a change
+        in 7.0 that removed all output.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+       The ``update_min_steps`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        The ``color`` parameter and ``update`` method.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar
+
+    color = resolve_color_default(color)
+    return ProgressBar(
+        iterable=iterable,
+        length=length,
+        hidden=hidden,
+        show_eta=show_eta,
+        show_percent=show_percent,
+        show_pos=show_pos,
+        item_show_func=item_show_func,
+        fill_char=fill_char,
+        empty_char=empty_char,
+        bar_template=bar_template,
+        info_sep=info_sep,
+        file=file,
+        label=label,
+        width=width,
+        color=color,
+        update_min_steps=update_min_steps,
+    )
+
+
+def clear() -> None:
+    """Clears the terminal screen.  This will have the effect of clearing
+    the whole visible space of the terminal and moving the cursor to the
+    top left.  This does not do anything if not connected to a terminal.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if not isatty(sys.stdout):
+        return
+
+    # ANSI escape \033[2J clears the screen, \033[1;1H moves the cursor
+    echo("\033[2J\033[1;1H", nl=False)
+
+
+def _interpret_color(color: int | tuple[int, int, int] | str, offset: int = 0) -> str:
+    if isinstance(color, int):
+        return f"{38 + offset};5;{color:d}"
+
+    if isinstance(color, (tuple, list)):
+        r, g, b = color
+        return f"{38 + offset};2;{r:d};{g:d};{b:d}"
+
+    return str(_ansi_colors[color] + offset)
+
+
+def style(
+    text: t.Any,
+    fg: int | tuple[int, int, int] | str | None = None,
+    bg: int | tuple[int, int, int] | str | None = None,
+    bold: bool | None = None,
+    dim: bool | None = None,
+    underline: bool | None = None,
+    overline: bool | None = None,
+    italic: bool | None = None,
+    blink: bool | None = None,
+    reverse: bool | None = None,
+    strikethrough: bool | None = None,
+    reset: bool = True,
+) -> str:
+    """Styles a text with ANSI styles and returns the new string.  By
+    default the styling is self contained which means that at the end
+    of the string a reset code is issued.  This can be prevented by
+    passing ``reset=False``.
+
+    Examples::
+
+        click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
+        click.echo(click.style('ATTENTION!', blink=True))
+        click.echo(click.style('Some things', reverse=True, fg='cyan'))
+        click.echo(click.style('More colors', fg=(255, 12, 128), bg=117))
+
+    Supported color names:
+
+    * ``black`` (might be a gray)
+    * ``red``
+    * ``green``
+    * ``yellow`` (might be an orange)
+    * ``blue``
+    * ``magenta``
+    * ``cyan``
+    * ``white`` (might be light gray)
+    * ``bright_black``
+    * ``bright_red``
+    * ``bright_green``
+    * ``bright_yellow``
+    * ``bright_blue``
+    * ``bright_magenta``
+    * ``bright_cyan``
+    * ``bright_white``
+    * ``reset`` (reset the color code only)
+
+    If the terminal supports it, color may also be specified as:
+
+    -   An integer in the interval [0, 255]. The terminal must support
+        8-bit/256-color mode.
+    -   An RGB tuple of three integers in [0, 255]. The terminal must
+        support 24-bit/true-color mode.
+
+    See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_color and
+    https://gist.github.com/XVilka/8346728 for more information.
+
+    :param text: the string to style with ansi codes.
+    :param fg: if provided this will become the foreground color.
+    :param bg: if provided this will become the background color.
+    :param bold: if provided this will enable or disable bold mode.
+    :param dim: if provided this will enable or disable dim mode.  This is
+                badly supported.
+    :param underline: if provided this will enable or disable underline.
+    :param overline: if provided this will enable or disable overline.
+    :param italic: if provided this will enable or disable italic.
+    :param blink: if provided this will enable or disable blinking.
+    :param reverse: if provided this will enable or disable inverse
+                    rendering (foreground becomes background and the
+                    other way round).
+    :param strikethrough: if provided this will enable or disable
+        striking through text.
+    :param reset: by default a reset-all code is added at the end of the
+                  string which means that styles do not carry over.  This
+                  can be disabled to compose styles.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        A non-string ``message`` is converted to a string.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+       Added support for 256 and RGB color codes.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``strikethrough``, ``italic``, and ``overline``
+        parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.0
+        Added support for bright colors.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if not isinstance(text, str):
+        text = str(text)
+
+    bits = []
+
+    if fg:
+        try:
+            bits.append(f"\033[{_interpret_color(fg)}m")
+        except KeyError:
+            raise TypeError(_("Unknown color {colour!r}").format(colour=fg)) from None
+
+    if bg:
+        try:
+            bits.append(f"\033[{_interpret_color(bg, 10)}m")
+        except KeyError:
+            raise TypeError(_("Unknown color {colour!r}").format(colour=bg)) from None
+
+    if bold is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{1 if bold else 22}m")
+    if dim is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{2 if dim else 22}m")
+    if underline is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{4 if underline else 24}m")
+    if overline is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{53 if overline else 55}m")
+    if italic is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{3 if italic else 23}m")
+    if blink is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{5 if blink else 25}m")
+    if reverse is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{7 if reverse else 27}m")
+    if strikethrough is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{9 if strikethrough else 29}m")
+    bits.append(text)
+    if reset:
+        bits.append(_ansi_reset_all)
+    return "".join(bits)
+
+
+def unstyle(text: str) -> str:
+    """Removes ANSI styling information from a string.  Usually it's not
+    necessary to use this function as Click's echo function will
+    automatically remove styling if necessary.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param text: the text to remove style information from.
+    """
+    return strip_ansi(text)
+
+
+def secho(
+    message: t.Any | None = None,
+    file: t.IO[t.AnyStr] | None = None,
+    nl: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    **styles: t.Any,
+) -> None:
+    """This function combines :func:`echo` and :func:`style` into one
+    call.  As such the following two calls are the same::
+
+        click.secho('Hello World!', fg='green')
+        click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
+
+    All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying functions
+    depending on which one they go with.
+
+    Non-string types will be converted to :class:`str`. However,
+    :class:`bytes` are passed directly to :meth:`echo` without applying
+    style. If you want to style bytes that represent text, call
+    :meth:`bytes.decode` first.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        A non-string ``message`` is converted to a string. Bytes are
+        passed through without style applied.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if message is not None and not isinstance(message, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        message = style(message, **styles)
+
+    return echo(message, file=file, nl=nl, err=err, color=color)
+
+
+@t.overload
+def edit(
+    text: bytes | bytearray,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = False,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+) -> bytes | None: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def edit(
+    text: str,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = True,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+) -> str | None: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def edit(
+    text: None = None,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = True,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+    filename: str | cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+) -> None: ...
+
+
+def edit(
+    text: str | bytes | bytearray | None = None,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = True,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+    filename: str | cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+) -> str | bytes | bytearray | None:
+    r"""Edits the given text in the defined editor.  If an editor is given
+    (should be the full path to the executable but the regular operating
+    system search path is used for finding the executable) it overrides
+    the detected editor.  Optionally, some environment variables can be
+    used.  If the editor is closed without changes, `None` is returned.  In
+    case a file is edited directly the return value is always `None` and
+    `require_save` and `extension` are ignored.
+
+    If the editor cannot be opened a :exc:`UsageError` is raised.
+
+    Note for Windows: to simplify cross-platform usage, the newlines are
+    automatically converted from POSIX to Windows and vice versa.  As such,
+    the message here will have ``\n`` as newline markers.
+
+    :param text: the text to edit.
+    :param editor: optionally the editor to use.  Defaults to automatic
+                   detection.
+    :param env: environment variables to forward to the editor.
+    :param require_save: if this is true, then not saving in the editor
+                         will make the return value become `None`.
+    :param extension: the extension to tell the editor about.  This defaults
+                      to `.txt` but changing this might change syntax
+                      highlighting.
+    :param filename: if provided it will edit this file instead of the
+                     provided text contents.  It will not use a temporary
+                     file as an indirection in that case. If the editor supports
+                     editing multiple files at once, a sequence of files may be
+                     passed as well. Invoke `click.file` once per file instead
+                     if multiple files cannot be managed at once or editing the
+                     files serially is desired.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+        ``filename`` now accepts any ``Iterable[str]`` in addition to a ``str``
+        if the ``editor`` supports editing multiple files at once.
+
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import Editor
+
+    ed = Editor(editor=editor, env=env, require_save=require_save, extension=extension)
+
+    if filename is None:
+        return ed.edit(text)
+
+    if isinstance(filename, str):
+        filename = (filename,)
+
+    ed.edit_files(filenames=filename)
+    return None
+
+
+def launch(url: str, wait: bool = False, locate: bool = False) -> int:
+    """This function launches the given URL (or filename) in the default
+    viewer application for this file type.  If this is an executable, it
+    might launch the executable in a new session.  The return value is
+    the exit code of the launched application.  Usually, ``0`` indicates
+    success.
+
+    Examples::
+
+        click.launch('https://click.palletsprojects.com/')
+        click.launch('/my/downloaded/file', locate=True)
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param url: URL or filename of the thing to launch.
+    :param wait: Wait for the program to exit before returning. This
+        only works if the launched program blocks. In particular,
+        ``xdg-open`` on Linux does not block.
+    :param locate: if this is set to `True` then instead of launching the
+                   application associated with the URL it will attempt to
+                   launch a file manager with the file located.  This
+                   might have weird effects if the URL does not point to
+                   the filesystem.
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import open_url
+
+    return open_url(url, wait=wait, locate=locate)
+
+
+# If this is provided, getchar() calls into this instead.  This is used
+# for unittesting purposes.
+_getchar: t.Callable[[bool], str] | None = None
+
+
+def getchar(echo: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Fetches a single character from the terminal and returns it.  This
+    will always return a unicode character and under certain rare
+    circumstances this might return more than one character.  The
+    situations which more than one character is returned is when for
+    whatever reason multiple characters end up in the terminal buffer or
+    standard input was not actually a terminal.
+
+    Note that this will always read from the terminal, even if something
+    is piped into the standard input.
+
+    Note for Windows: in rare cases when typing non-ASCII characters, this
+    function might wait for a second character and then return both at once.
+    This is because certain Unicode characters look like special-key markers.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param echo: if set to `True`, the character read will also show up on
+                 the terminal.  The default is to not show it.
+    """
+    global _getchar
+
+    if _getchar is None:
+        from ._termui_impl import getchar as f
+
+        _getchar = f
+
+    return _getchar(echo)
+
+
+def raw_terminal() -> AbstractContextManager[int]:
+    from ._termui_impl import raw_terminal as f
+
+    return f()
+
+
+def pause(info: str | None = None, err: bool = False) -> None:
+    """This command stops execution and waits for the user to press any
+    key to continue.  This is similar to the Windows batch "pause"
+    command.  If the program is not run through a terminal, this command
+    will instead do nothing.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+       Added the `err` parameter.
+
+    :param info: The message to print before pausing. Defaults to
+        ``"Press any key to continue..."``.
+    :param err: if set to message goes to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+    """
+    if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(sys.stdout):
+        return
+
+    if info is None:
+        info = _("Press any key to continue...")
+
+    try:
+        if info:
+            echo(info, nl=False, err=err)
+        try:
+            getchar()
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            pass
+    finally:
+        if info:
+            echo(err=err)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/testing.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19fae4a620ea8ae28410cb8b29d965c1ac8cc524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import contextlib
+import io
+import os
+import pdb
+import shlex
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import typing as t
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from . import _compat
+from . import formatting
+from . import termui
+from . import utils
+from ._compat import _find_binary_reader
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import ReadableBuffer
+
+    from .core import Command
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    CaptureMode: t.TypeAlias = t.Literal["sys"]  # pyright: ignore[reportRedeclaration]
+else:
+    CaptureMode: t.TypeAlias = t.Literal["sys", "fd"]  # pyright: ignore[reportRedeclaration]
+ExceptionInfo: t.TypeAlias = tuple[type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType]
+
+
+class EchoingStdin:
+    _input: t.BinaryIO
+    _output: t.BinaryIO
+    _paused: bool
+
+    def __init__(self, input: t.BinaryIO, output: t.BinaryIO) -> None:
+        self._input = input
+        self._output = output
+        self._paused = False
+
+    def __getattr__(self, x: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._input, x)
+
+    def _echo(self, rv: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if not self._paused:
+            self._output.write(rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def read(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.read(n))
+
+    def read1(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.read1(n))  # type: ignore
+
+    def readline(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.readline(n))
+
+    def readlines(self) -> list[bytes]:
+        return [self._echo(x) for x in self._input.readlines()]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[bytes]:
+        return iter(self._echo(x) for x in self._input)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._input)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _pause_echo(stream: EchoingStdin | None) -> cabc.Generator[None]:
+    if stream is None:
+        yield
+    else:
+        stream._paused = True
+        yield
+        stream._paused = False
+
+
+class _FDCapture:
+    """Redirect a file descriptor to a temporary file for capture.
+
+    Saves the current target of *targetfd* via :func:`os.dup`, then
+    redirects it to a temporary file via :func:`os.dup2`. On
+    :meth:`stop`, restores the original ``fd`` and returns the captured
+    bytes. Inspired by Pytest's ``FDCapture``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
+    """
+
+    _targetfd: int
+    saved_fd: int
+    _tmpfile: t.BinaryIO | None
+
+    def __init__(self, targetfd: int) -> None:
+        self._targetfd = targetfd
+        self.saved_fd = -1
+        self._tmpfile = None
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        self.saved_fd = os.dup(self._targetfd)
+        self._tmpfile = tempfile.TemporaryFile(buffering=0)
+        os.dup2(self._tmpfile.fileno(), self._targetfd)
+
+    def stop(self) -> bytes:
+        assert self._tmpfile is not None, "_FDCapture.start() was not called"
+        os.dup2(self.saved_fd, self._targetfd)
+        os.close(self.saved_fd)
+        self.saved_fd = -1
+        self._tmpfile.seek(0)
+        data = self._tmpfile.read()
+        self._tmpfile.close()
+        self._tmpfile = None
+        return data
+
+
+class BytesIOCopy(io.BytesIO):
+    """Patch ``io.BytesIO`` to let the written stream be copied to another.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2
+    """
+
+    copy_to: io.BytesIO
+
+    def __init__(self, copy_to: io.BytesIO) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.copy_to = copy_to
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        super().flush()
+        self.copy_to.flush()
+
+    def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer) -> int:
+        self.copy_to.write(b)
+        return super().write(b)
+
+
+class StreamMixer:
+    """Mixes `<stdout>` and `<stderr>` streams.
+
+    The result is available in the ``output`` attribute.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2
+    """
+
+    output: io.BytesIO
+    stdout: BytesIOCopy
+    stderr: BytesIOCopy
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.output = io.BytesIO()
+        self.stdout = BytesIOCopy(copy_to=self.output)
+        self.stderr = BytesIOCopy(copy_to=self.output)
+
+
+class _NamedTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    """A :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper` with custom ``name`` and ``mode``
+    that does not close its underlying buffer.
+
+    When ``CliRunner`` runs in ``fd`` mode, ``_original_fd`` is patched to
+    point at the saved (pre-redirection) ``fd``, so C-level consumers that call
+    :meth:`fileno` (like ``faulthandler`` or ``subprocess``) keep working. In
+    the default ``sys`` mode ``_original_fd`` stays at ``-1`` and
+    :meth:`fileno` raises :exc:`io.UnsupportedOperation`, matching the
+    pre-``8.3.3`` behavior.
+    """
+
+    _name: str
+    _mode: str
+    _original_fd: int
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        buffer: t.BinaryIO,
+        name: str,
+        mode: str,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(buffer, **kwargs)
+        self._name = name
+        self._mode = mode
+        self._original_fd = -1
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """The buffer this object contains belongs to some other object,
+        so prevent the default ``__del__`` implementation from closing
+        that buffer.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.3.2
+        """
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        """Return the file descriptor of the saved original stream when
+        ``CliRunner`` runs in ``fd`` mode. Otherwise delegate to
+        :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper`, which raises
+        :exc:`io.UnsupportedOperation` for a ``BytesIO``-backed buffer.
+        """
+        if self._original_fd >= 0:
+            return self._original_fd
+        return super().fileno()
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> str:
+        return self._mode
+
+
+def make_input_stream(
+    input: str | bytes | t.IO[t.Any] | None, charset: str
+) -> t.BinaryIO:
+    # Is already an input stream.
+    if hasattr(input, "read"):
+        rv = _find_binary_reader(t.cast("t.IO[t.Any]", input))
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        raise TypeError("Could not find binary reader for input stream.")
+
+    if input is None:
+        input = b""
+    elif isinstance(input, str):
+        input = input.encode(charset)
+
+    return io.BytesIO(input)
+
+
+class Result:
+    """Holds the captured result of an invoked CLI script.
+
+    :param runner: The runner that created the result
+    :param stdout_bytes: The standard output as bytes.
+    :param stderr_bytes: The standard error as bytes.
+    :param output_bytes: A mix of ``stdout_bytes`` and ``stderr_bytes``, as the
+        user would see  it in its terminal.
+    :param return_value: The value returned from the invoked command.
+    :param exit_code: The exit code as integer.
+    :param exception: The exception that happened if one did.
+    :param exc_info: Exception information (exception type, exception instance,
+        traceback type).
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        ``stderr_bytes`` no longer optional, ``output_bytes`` introduced and
+        ``mix_stderr`` has been removed.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        Added ``return_value``.
+    """
+
+    runner: CliRunner
+    stdout_bytes: bytes
+    stderr_bytes: bytes
+    output_bytes: bytes
+    return_value: t.Any
+    exit_code: int
+    exception: BaseException | None
+    exc_info: ExceptionInfo | None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        runner: CliRunner,
+        stdout_bytes: bytes,
+        stderr_bytes: bytes,
+        output_bytes: bytes,
+        return_value: t.Any,
+        exit_code: int,
+        exception: BaseException | None,
+        exc_info: ExceptionInfo | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.runner = runner
+        self.stdout_bytes = stdout_bytes
+        self.stderr_bytes = stderr_bytes
+        self.output_bytes = output_bytes
+        self.return_value = return_value
+        self.exit_code = exit_code
+        self.exception = exception
+        self.exc_info = exc_info
+
+    @property
+    def output(self) -> str:
+        """The terminal output as unicode string, as the user would see it.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            No longer a proxy for ``self.stdout``. Now has its own independent stream
+            that is mixing `<stdout>` and `<stderr>`, in the order they were written.
+        """
+        return self.output_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
+            "\r\n", "\n"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> str:
+        """The standard output as unicode string."""
+        return self.stdout_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
+            "\r\n", "\n"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> str:
+        """The standard error as unicode string.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            No longer raise an exception, always returns the `<stderr>` string.
+        """
+        return self.stderr_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
+            "\r\n", "\n"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        exc_str = repr(self.exception) if self.exception else "okay"
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {exc_str}>"
+
+
+class CliRunner:
+    """The CLI runner provides functionality to invoke a Click command line
+    script for unittesting purposes in a isolated environment.  This only
+    works in single-threaded systems without any concurrency as it changes the
+    global interpreter state.
+
+    :param charset: the character set for the input and output data.
+    :param env: a dictionary with environment variables for overriding.
+    :param echo_stdin: if this is set to `True`, then reading from `<stdin>` writes
+                       to `<stdout>`.  This is useful for showing examples in
+                       some circumstances.  Note that regular prompts
+                       will automatically echo the input.
+    :param catch_exceptions: Whether to catch any exceptions other than
+                             ``SystemExit`` when running :meth:`~CliRunner.invoke`.
+    :param capture: Selects the output capture strategy. ``sys`` (default)
+        captures Python-level writes only and leaves
+        :meth:`sys.stdout.fileno` raising :exc:`io.UnsupportedOperation`, so
+        user code that calls :func:`os.dup2` on ``sys.stdout.fileno()`` cannot
+        clobber the host runner's stdout. ``fd`` redirects file descriptors
+        ``1`` and ``2`` via :func:`os.dup2` to a temporary file, also catching
+        output from stale stream references, C extensions, and subprocesses.
+        ``fd`` is not supported on Windows.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Added the ``capture`` parameter. The default ``sys`` mode no longer
+        exposes the original fd through :meth:`fileno`, reverting the change
+        introduced in ``8.3.3`` that broke Pytest's ``fd``-level capture
+        teardown. Use ``capture="fd"`` to restore that behavior with proper
+        isolation. :issue:`3384`
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Added the ``catch_exceptions`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        ``mix_stderr`` parameter has been removed.
+    """
+
+    charset: str
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None]
+    echo_stdin: bool
+    catch_exceptions: bool
+    capture: CaptureMode
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        charset: str = "utf-8",
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None,
+        echo_stdin: bool = False,
+        catch_exceptions: bool = True,
+        capture: CaptureMode = "sys",
+    ) -> None:
+        if capture not in {"sys", "fd"}:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"capture={capture!r} is not valid. Choose from 'sys' or 'fd'."
+            )
+        if capture == "fd" and sys.platform == "win32":
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"capture={capture!r} is not supported on Windows. Use 'sys'."
+            )
+        self.charset = charset
+        self.env = env or {}
+        self.echo_stdin = echo_stdin
+        self.catch_exceptions = catch_exceptions
+        self.capture = capture
+
+    def get_default_prog_name(self, cli: Command) -> str:
+        """Given a command object it will return the default program name
+        for it.  The default is the `name` attribute or ``"root"`` if not
+        set.
+        """
+        return cli.name or "root"
+
+    def make_env(
+        self, overrides: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None
+    ) -> cabc.Mapping[str, str | None]:
+        """Returns the environment overrides for invoking a script."""
+        rv = dict(self.env)
+        if overrides:
+            rv.update(overrides)
+        return rv
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def isolation(
+        self,
+        input: str | bytes | t.IO[t.Any] | None = None,
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None,
+        color: bool = False,
+    ) -> cabc.Generator[tuple[io.BytesIO, io.BytesIO, io.BytesIO]]:
+        """A context manager that sets up the isolation for invoking of a
+        command line tool.  This sets up `<stdin>` with the given input data
+        and `os.environ` with the overrides from the given dictionary.
+        This also rebinds some internals in Click to be mocked (like the
+        prompt functionality).
+
+        This is automatically done in the :meth:`invoke` method.
+
+        :param input: the input stream to put into `sys.stdin`.
+        :param env: the environment overrides as dictionary.
+        :param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
+                      application can still override this explicitly.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2
+            An additional output stream is returned, which is a mix of
+            `<stdout>` and `<stderr>` streams.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            Always returns the `<stderr>` stream.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            `<stderr>` is opened with ``errors="backslashreplace"``
+            instead of the default ``"strict"``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+            Added the ``color`` parameter.
+        """
+        bytes_input = make_input_stream(input, self.charset)
+        echo_input = None
+
+        old_stdin = sys.stdin
+        old_stdout = sys.stdout
+        old_stderr = sys.stderr
+        old_forced_width = formatting.FORCED_WIDTH
+        formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = 80
+
+        env = self.make_env(env)
+
+        stream_mixer = StreamMixer()
+
+        if self.echo_stdin:
+            bytes_input = echo_input = t.cast(
+                t.BinaryIO, EchoingStdin(bytes_input, stream_mixer.stdout)
+            )
+
+        sys.stdin = text_input = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+            bytes_input, encoding=self.charset, name="<stdin>", mode="r"
+        )
+
+        if self.echo_stdin:
+            # Force unbuffered reads, otherwise TextIOWrapper reads a
+            # large chunk which is echoed early.
+            text_input._CHUNK_SIZE = 1  # type: ignore
+
+        sys.stdout = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+            stream_mixer.stdout,
+            encoding=self.charset,
+            name="<stdout>",
+            mode="w",
+        )
+
+        sys.stderr = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+            stream_mixer.stderr,
+            encoding=self.charset,
+            name="<stderr>",
+            mode="w",
+            errors="backslashreplace",
+        )
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def visible_input(prompt: str | None = None) -> str:
+            sys.stdout.write(prompt or "")
+            try:
+                val = next(text_input).rstrip("\r\n")
+            except StopIteration as e:
+                raise EOFError() from e
+            sys.stdout.write(f"{val}\n")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            return val
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def hidden_input(prompt: str | None = None) -> str:
+            sys.stdout.write(f"{prompt or ''}\n")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            try:
+                return next(text_input).rstrip("\r\n")
+            except StopIteration as e:
+                raise EOFError() from e
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def _getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+            char = sys.stdin.read(1)
+
+            if echo:
+                sys.stdout.write(char)
+
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            return char
+
+        default_color = color
+
+        def should_strip_ansi(
+            stream: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None, color: bool | None = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            if color is None:
+                return not default_color
+            return not color
+
+        old_visible_prompt_func = termui.visible_prompt_func
+        old_hidden_prompt_func = termui.hidden_prompt_func
+        old__getchar_func = termui._getchar
+        old_should_strip_ansi = utils.should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+        old__compat_should_strip_ansi = _compat.should_strip_ansi
+        old_pdb_init = pdb.Pdb.__init__
+        termui.visible_prompt_func = visible_input
+        termui.hidden_prompt_func = hidden_input
+        termui._getchar = _getchar
+        utils.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+        _compat.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi
+
+        def _patched_pdb_init(
+            self: pdb.Pdb,
+            completekey: str = "tab",
+            stdin: t.IO[str] | None = None,
+            stdout: t.IO[str] | None = None,
+            **kwargs: t.Any,
+        ) -> None:
+            """Default ``pdb.Pdb`` to real terminal streams during
+            ``CliRunner`` isolation.
+
+            Without this patch, ``pdb.Pdb.__init__`` inherits from
+            ``cmd.Cmd`` which falls back to ``sys.stdin``/``sys.stdout``
+            when no explicit streams are provided. During isolation
+            those are ``BytesIO``-backed wrappers, so the debugger
+            reads from an empty buffer and writes to captured output,
+            making interactive debugging impossible.
+
+            By defaulting to ``sys.__stdin__``/``sys.__stdout__`` (the
+            original terminal streams Python preserves regardless of
+            redirection), debuggers can interact with the user while
+            ``click.echo`` output is still captured normally.
+
+            This covers ``pdb.set_trace()``, ``breakpoint()``,
+            ``pdb.post_mortem()``, and debuggers that subclass
+            ``pdb.Pdb`` (ipdb, pdbpp). Explicit ``stdin``/``stdout``
+            arguments are honored and not overridden. Debuggers that
+            do not subclass ``pdb.Pdb`` (pudb, debugpy) are not
+            covered.
+            """
+            if stdin is None:
+                stdin = sys.__stdin__
+            if stdout is None:
+                stdout = sys.__stdout__
+            old_pdb_init(
+                self, completekey=completekey, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout, **kwargs
+            )
+
+        pdb.Pdb.__init__ = _patched_pdb_init  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        old_env = {}
+        try:
+            for key, value in env.items():
+                old_env[key] = os.environ.get(key)
+                if value is None:
+                    try:
+                        del os.environ[key]
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+                else:
+                    os.environ[key] = value
+            yield (stream_mixer.stdout, stream_mixer.stderr, stream_mixer.output)
+        finally:
+            for key, value in old_env.items():
+                if value is None:
+                    try:
+                        del os.environ[key]
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+                else:
+                    os.environ[key] = value
+            sys.stdout = old_stdout
+            sys.stderr = old_stderr
+            sys.stdin = old_stdin
+            termui.visible_prompt_func = old_visible_prompt_func
+            termui.hidden_prompt_func = old_hidden_prompt_func
+            termui._getchar = old__getchar_func
+            utils.should_strip_ansi = old_should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+            _compat.should_strip_ansi = old__compat_should_strip_ansi
+            formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = old_forced_width
+            pdb.Pdb.__init__ = old_pdb_init  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+
+    def invoke(
+        self,
+        cli: Command,
+        args: str | cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        input: str | bytes | t.IO[t.Any] | None = None,
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None,
+        catch_exceptions: bool | None = None,
+        color: bool = False,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> Result:
+        """Invokes a command in an isolated environment.  The arguments are
+        forwarded directly to the command line script, the `extra` keyword
+        arguments are passed to the :meth:`~clickpkg.Command.main` function of
+        the command.
+
+        This returns a :class:`Result` object.
+
+        :param cli: the command to invoke
+        :param args: the arguments to invoke. It may be given as an iterable
+                     or a string. When given as string it will be interpreted
+                     as a Unix shell command. More details at
+                     :func:`shlex.split`.
+        :param input: the input data for `sys.stdin`.
+        :param env: the environment overrides.
+        :param catch_exceptions: Whether to catch any other exceptions than
+                                 ``SystemExit``. If :data:`None`, the value
+                                 from :class:`CliRunner` is used.
+        :param extra: the keyword arguments to pass to :meth:`main`.
+        :param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
+                      application can still override this explicitly.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2
+            The result object has the ``output_bytes`` attribute with
+            the mix of ``stdout_bytes`` and ``stderr_bytes``, as the user would
+            see it in its terminal.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            The result object always returns the ``stderr_bytes`` stream.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            The result object has the ``return_value`` attribute with
+            the value returned from the invoked command.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+            Added the ``color`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            Added the ``catch_exceptions`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The result object has the ``exc_info`` attribute with the
+            traceback if available.
+        """
+        exc_info = None
+        if catch_exceptions is None:
+            catch_exceptions = self.catch_exceptions
+
+        # Set up fd capture before isolation replaces sys.stdout and sys.stderr.
+        cap_out: _FDCapture | None = None
+        cap_err: _FDCapture | None = None
+
+        if self.capture == "fd":
+            cap_out = _FDCapture(1)
+            cap_err = _FDCapture(2)
+            try:
+                cap_out.start()
+                cap_err.start()
+            except OSError:
+                cap_out = cap_err = None
+
+        with self.isolation(input=input, env=env, color=color) as outstreams:
+            # Point the captured streams' fileno() at the saved (original)
+            # fd so that C-level consumers like faulthandler keep working
+            # while fd 1/2 are redirected to the capture tmpfile.
+            if cap_out is not None and cap_err is not None:
+                sys.stdout._original_fd = cap_out.saved_fd  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                sys.stderr._original_fd = cap_err.saved_fd  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+            return_value = None
+            exception: BaseException | None = None
+            exit_code = 0
+
+            if isinstance(args, str):
+                args = shlex.split(args)
+
+            try:
+                prog_name = extra.pop("prog_name")
+            except KeyError:
+                prog_name = self.get_default_prog_name(cli)
+
+            try:
+                return_value = cli.main(args=args or (), prog_name=prog_name, **extra)
+            except SystemExit as e:
+                exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+                e_code = t.cast("int | t.Any | None", e.code)
+
+                if e_code is None:
+                    e_code = 0
+
+                if e_code != 0:
+                    exception = e
+
+                if not isinstance(e_code, int):
+                    sys.stdout.write(str(e_code))
+                    sys.stdout.write("\n")
+                    e_code = 1
+
+                exit_code = e_code
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                if not catch_exceptions:
+                    raise
+                exception = e
+                exit_code = 1
+                exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+            finally:
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+
+                # Stop fd capture and merge the captured bytes into
+                # the stdout/stderr BytesIO streams. BytesIOCopy mirrors
+                # those writes into outstreams[2] automatically.
+                if cap_out is not None and cap_err is not None:
+                    fd_out = cap_out.stop()
+                    fd_err = cap_err.stop()
+                    if fd_out:
+                        outstreams[0].write(fd_out)
+                    if fd_err:
+                        outstreams[1].write(fd_err)
+
+                stdout = outstreams[0].getvalue()
+                stderr = outstreams[1].getvalue()
+                output = outstreams[2].getvalue()
+
+        return Result(
+            runner=self,
+            stdout_bytes=stdout,
+            stderr_bytes=stderr,
+            output_bytes=output,
+            return_value=return_value,
+            exit_code=exit_code,
+            exception=exception,
+            exc_info=exc_info,  # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def isolated_filesystem(
+        self, temp_dir: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None
+    ) -> cabc.Generator[str]:
+        """A context manager that creates a temporary directory and
+        changes the current working directory to it. This isolates tests
+        that affect the contents of the CWD to prevent them from
+        interfering with each other.
+
+        :param temp_dir: Create the temporary directory under this
+            directory. If given, the created directory is not removed
+            when exiting.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``temp_dir`` parameter.
+        """
+        cwd = os.getcwd()
+        dt = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=temp_dir)
+        os.chdir(dt)
+
+        try:
+            yield dt
+        finally:
+            os.chdir(cwd)
+
+            if temp_dir is None:
+                import shutil
+
+                try:
+                    shutil.rmtree(dt)
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/types.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e9872e410a3371f091e03ddadb90de3120211dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1374 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import enum
+import os
+import stat
+import sys
+import typing as t
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from ._compat import _get_argv_encoding
+from ._compat import open_stream
+from .exceptions import BadParameter
+from .utils import format_filename
+from .utils import LazyFile
+from .utils import safecall
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Parameter
+    from .shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+_ValueT = t.TypeVar("_ValueT")
+_ValueT_contra = t.TypeVar("_ValueT_contra", contravariant=True)
+_ValueT_co = t.TypeVar("_ValueT_co", covariant=True)
+
+_FloatValueT = t.TypeVar("_FloatValueT", bound=float)
+_FloatValueT_co = t.TypeVar("_FloatValueT_co", bound=float, covariant=True)
+
+
+class ParamTypeInfoDict(t.TypedDict):
+    param_type: str
+    name: str
+
+
+class ParamType(t.Generic[_ValueT_co], abc.ABC):
+    """Represents the type of a parameter. Validates and converts values
+    from the command line or Python into the correct type.
+
+    To implement a custom type, subclass and implement at least the
+    following:
+
+    -   The :attr:`name` class attribute must be set.
+    -   Calling an instance of the type with ``None`` must return
+        ``None``. This is already implemented by default.
+    -   :meth:`convert` must convert string values to the correct type.
+    -   :meth:`convert` must accept values that are already the correct
+        type.
+    -   It must be able to convert a value if the ``ctx`` and ``param``
+        arguments are ``None``. This can occur when converting prompt
+        input.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Now a generic abstract base class. Parameterize with the
+        converted value type (``ParamType[int]`` for an integer-returning
+        type) so that :meth:`convert` and downstream consumers carry the
+        narrowed return type.
+    """
+
+    is_composite: t.ClassVar[bool] = False
+    arity: int = 1  # read-only
+
+    #: the descriptive name of this type
+    name: str
+
+    #: if a list of this type is expected and the value is pulled from a
+    #: string environment variable, this is what splits it up.  `None`
+    #: means any whitespace.  For all parameters the general rule is that
+    #: whitespace splits them up.  The exception are paths and files which
+    #: are split by ``os.path.pathsep`` by default (":" on Unix and ";" on
+    #: Windows).
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[str | None] = None
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> ParamTypeInfoDict:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation.
+
+        Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
+        CLI structure.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        # The class name without the "ParamType" suffix.
+        param_type = type(self).__name__.partition("ParamType")[0]
+        param_type = param_type.partition("ParameterType")[0]
+
+        # Custom subclasses might not remember to set a name.
+        if hasattr(self, "name"):
+            name = self.name
+        else:
+            name = param_type
+
+        return {"param_type": param_type, "name": name}
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        value: t.Any,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> _ValueT_co | None:
+        if value is not None:
+            return self.convert(value, param, ctx)
+        return None
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        """Returns the metavar default for this param if it provides one."""
+
+    def get_missing_message(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context | None) -> str | None:
+        """Optionally might return extra information about a missing
+        parameter.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> _ValueT_co:
+        """Convert the value to the correct type. This is not called if
+        the value is ``None`` (the missing value).
+
+        This must accept string values from the command line, as well as
+        values that are already the correct type. It may also convert
+        other compatible types.
+
+        The ``param`` and ``ctx`` arguments may be ``None`` in certain
+        situations, such as when converting prompt input.
+
+        If the value cannot be converted, call :meth:`fail` with a
+        descriptive message.
+
+        :param value: The value to convert.
+        :param param: The parameter that is using this type to convert
+            its value. May be ``None``.
+        :param ctx: The current context that arrived at this value. May
+            be ``None``.
+        """
+        # The default returns the value as-is so subclasses that only customize
+        # metadata are not forced to redeclare ``convert``.
+        return t.cast("_ValueT_co", value)
+
+    def split_envvar_value(self, rv: str) -> cabc.Sequence[str]:
+        """Given a value from an environment variable this splits it up
+        into small chunks depending on the defined envvar list splitter.
+
+        If the splitter is set to `None`, which means that whitespace splits,
+        then leading and trailing whitespace is ignored.  Otherwise, leading
+        and trailing splitters usually lead to empty items being included.
+        """
+        return (rv or "").split(self.envvar_list_splitter)
+
+    def fail(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Helper method to fail with an invalid value message."""
+        raise BadParameter(message, ctx=ctx, param=param)
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of
+        :class:`~click.shell_completion.CompletionItem` objects for the
+        incomplete value. Most types do not provide completions, but
+        some do, and this allows custom types to provide custom
+        completions as well.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return []
+
+
+class CompositeParamType(ParamType[_ValueT_co]):
+    is_composite: t.ClassVar[bool] = True
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def arity(self) -> int: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # on Python 3.10 this will raise a TypeError
+
+    class FuncParamTypeInfoDict(
+        ParamTypeInfoDict,
+        t.Generic[_ValueT_contra, _ValueT_co],
+    ):
+        func: t.Callable[[_ValueT_contra], _ValueT_co]
+else:
+
+    class FuncParamTypeInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+        func: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]
+
+
+class FuncParamType(ParamType[_ValueT_co], t.Generic[_ValueT_contra, _ValueT_co]):
+    name: str
+    func: t.Callable[[_ValueT_contra], _ValueT_co]
+
+    def __init__(self, func: t.Callable[[_ValueT_contra], _ValueT_co]) -> None:
+        self.name = func.__name__
+        self.func = func
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> FuncParamTypeInfoDict[_ValueT_contra, _ValueT_co]:
+        return {"func": self.func, **super().to_info_dict()}
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: _ValueT_contra, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> _ValueT_co:
+        try:
+            return self.func(value)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            message = str(exc)
+
+            if not message:
+                try:
+                    message = str(value)
+                except UnicodeError:
+                    message = t.cast("bytes", value).decode("utf-8", "replace")
+
+            self.fail(message, param, ctx)
+
+
+class UnprocessedParamType(ParamType[t.Any]):
+    name = "text"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: _ValueT, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> _ValueT:
+        return value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "UNPROCESSED"
+
+
+class StringParamType(ParamType[str]):
+    name = "text"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> str:
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            enc = _get_argv_encoding()
+            try:
+                return value.decode(enc)
+            except UnicodeError:
+                fs_enc = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+                if fs_enc != enc:
+                    try:
+                        return value.decode(fs_enc)
+                    except UnicodeError:
+                        return value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+                else:
+                    return value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+        return str(value)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "STRING"
+
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # on Python 3.10 this will raise a TypeError
+
+    class ChoiceInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict, t.Generic[_ValueT_co]):
+        choices: tuple[_ValueT_co, ...]
+        case_sensitive: bool
+else:
+
+    class ChoiceInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+        choices: tuple[t.Any, ...]
+        case_sensitive: bool
+
+
+class Choice(ParamType[_ValueT_co], t.Generic[_ValueT_co]):
+    """The choice type allows a value to be checked against a fixed set
+    of supported values.
+
+    You may pass any iterable value which will be converted to a tuple
+    and thus will only be iterated once.
+
+    The resulting value will always be one of the originally passed choices.
+    See :meth:`normalize_choice` for more info on the mapping of strings
+    to choices. See :ref:`choice-opts` for an example.
+
+    :param case_sensitive: Set to false to make choices case
+        insensitive. Defaults to true.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Now generic in the choice value type. Parameterize with the type of
+        the choice values (``Choice[HashType]`` for an enum, ``Choice[str]``
+        for plain strings) to enable type-checked consumers.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+        Non-``str`` ``choices`` are now supported. It can additionally be any
+        iterable. Before you were not recommended to pass anything but a list or
+        tuple.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2.0
+        Choice normalization can be overridden via :meth:`normalize_choice`.
+    """
+
+    name: str = "choice"
+
+    choices: tuple[_ValueT_co, ...]
+    case_sensitive: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, choices: cabc.Iterable[_ValueT_co], case_sensitive: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
+        self.choices = tuple(choices)
+        self.case_sensitive = case_sensitive
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> ChoiceInfoDict[_ValueT_co]:
+        return {
+            "choices": self.choices,
+            "case_sensitive": self.case_sensitive,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def _normalized_mapping(
+        self, ctx: Context | None = None
+    ) -> cabc.Mapping[_ValueT_co, str]:
+        """
+        Returns mapping where keys are the original choices and the values are
+        the normalized values that are accepted via the command line.
+
+        This is a simple wrapper around :meth:`normalize_choice`, use that
+        instead which is supported.
+        """
+        return {
+            choice: self.normalize_choice(
+                choice=choice,
+                ctx=ctx,
+            )
+            for choice in self.choices
+        }
+
+    def normalize_choice(self, choice: object, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """
+        Normalize a choice value, used to map a passed string to a choice.
+        Each choice must have a unique normalized value.
+
+        By default uses :meth:`Context.token_normalize_func` and if not case
+        sensitive, convert it to a casefolded value.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2.0
+        """
+        normed_value = choice.name if isinstance(choice, enum.Enum) else str(choice)
+
+        if ctx is not None and ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
+            normed_value = ctx.token_normalize_func(normed_value)
+
+        if not self.case_sensitive:
+            normed_value = normed_value.casefold()
+
+        return normed_value
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        if param.param_type_name == "option" and not param.show_choices:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            choice_metavars = [
+                convert_type(type(choice)).name.upper() for choice in self.choices
+            ]
+            choices_str = "|".join([*dict.fromkeys(choice_metavars)])
+        else:
+            choices_str = "|".join(
+                [str(i) for i in self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx).values()]
+            )
+
+        # Use curly braces to indicate a required argument.
+        if param.required and param.param_type_name == "argument":
+            return f"{{{choices_str}}}"
+
+        # Use square braces to indicate an option or optional argument.
+        return f"[{choices_str}]"
+
+    def get_missing_message(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """
+        Message shown when no choice is passed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0 Added ``ctx`` argument.
+        """
+        return _("Choose from:\n\t{choices}").format(
+            choices=",\n\t".join(self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx).values())
+        )
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> _ValueT_co:
+        """
+        For a given value from the parser, normalize it and find its
+        matching normalized value in the list of choices. Then return the
+        matched "original" choice.
+        """
+        normed_value = self.normalize_choice(choice=value, ctx=ctx)
+        normalized_mapping = self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx)
+
+        try:
+            return next(
+                original
+                for original, normalized in normalized_mapping.items()
+                if normalized == normed_value
+            )
+        except StopIteration:
+            self.fail(
+                self.get_invalid_choice_message(value=value, ctx=ctx),
+                param=param,
+                ctx=ctx,
+            )
+
+    def get_invalid_choice_message(self, value: t.Any, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """Get the error message when the given choice is invalid.
+
+        :param value: The invalid value.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2
+        """
+        choices_str = ", ".join(map(repr, self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx).values()))
+        return ngettext(
+            "{value!r} is not {choice}.",
+            "{value!r} is not one of {choices}.",
+            len(self.choices),
+        ).format(value=value, choice=choices_str, choices=choices_str)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return _("Choice({choices})").format(choices=list(self.choices))
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Complete choices that start with the incomplete value.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        str_choices = [self.normalize_choice(choice, ctx) for choice in self.choices]
+        if self.case_sensitive:
+            matched = (c for c in str_choices if c.startswith(incomplete))
+        else:
+            incomplete = incomplete.lower()
+            matched = (c for c in str_choices if c.lower().startswith(incomplete))
+
+        return [CompletionItem(c) for c in matched]
+
+
+class DateTimeInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    formats: cabc.Sequence[str]
+
+
+class DateTime(ParamType[datetime]):
+    """The DateTime type converts date strings into `datetime` objects.
+
+    The format strings which are checked are configurable, but default to some
+    common (non-timezone aware) ISO 8601 formats.
+
+    When specifying *DateTime* formats, you should only pass a list or a tuple.
+    Other iterables, like generators, may lead to surprising results.
+
+    The format strings are processed using ``datetime.strptime``, and this
+    consequently defines the format strings which are allowed.
+
+    Parsing is tried using each format, in order, and the first format which
+    parses successfully is used.
+
+    :param formats: A list or tuple of date format strings, in the order in
+                    which they should be tried. Defaults to
+                    ``'%Y-%m-%d'``, ``'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'``,
+                    ``'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'``.
+    """
+
+    name = "datetime"
+
+    formats: cabc.Sequence[str]
+
+    def __init__(self, formats: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None):
+        self.formats = formats or [
+            "%Y-%m-%d",
+            "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
+            "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+        ]
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> DateTimeInfoDict:
+        return {"formats": self.formats, **super().to_info_dict()}
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        return f"[{'|'.join(self.formats)}]"
+
+    def _try_to_convert_date(self, value: t.Any, format: str) -> datetime | None:
+        try:
+            return datetime.strptime(value, format)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> datetime:
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return value
+
+        for format in self.formats:
+            converted = self._try_to_convert_date(value, format)
+
+            if converted is not None:
+                return converted
+
+        formats_str = ", ".join(map(repr, self.formats))
+        self.fail(
+            ngettext(
+                "{value!r} does not match the format {format}.",
+                "{value!r} does not match the formats {formats}.",
+                len(self.formats),
+            ).format(value=value, format=formats_str, formats=formats_str),
+            param,
+            ctx,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "DateTime"
+
+
+class _NumberParamTypeBase(
+    ParamType[_ValueT_co], t.Generic[_ValueT_contra, _ValueT_co]
+):
+    _number_class: t.Callable[[_ValueT_contra], _ValueT_co]
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: _ValueT_contra, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> _ValueT_co:
+        try:
+            return self._number_class(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value!r} is not a valid {number_type}.").format(
+                    value=value, number_type=self.name
+                ),
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # on Python 3.10 this will raise a TypeError
+
+    class NumberRangeInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict, t.Generic[_FloatValueT_co]):
+        min: _FloatValueT_co | None
+        max: _FloatValueT_co | None
+        min_open: bool
+        max_open: bool
+        clamp: bool
+else:
+
+    class NumberRangeInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+        min: t.Any | None
+        max: t.Any | None
+        min_open: bool
+        max_open: bool
+        clamp: bool
+
+
+class _NumberRangeBase(
+    _NumberParamTypeBase[_ValueT_contra, _FloatValueT_co],
+    t.Generic[_ValueT_contra, _FloatValueT_co],
+):
+    min: _FloatValueT_co | None
+    max: _FloatValueT_co | None
+    min_open: bool
+    max_open: bool
+    clamp: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        min: _FloatValueT_co | None = None,
+        max: _FloatValueT_co | None = None,
+        min_open: bool = False,
+        max_open: bool = False,
+        clamp: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.min = min
+        self.max = max
+        self.min_open = min_open
+        self.max_open = max_open
+        self.clamp = clamp
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> NumberRangeInfoDict[_FloatValueT_co]:
+        return {
+            "min": self.min,
+            "max": self.max,
+            "min_open": self.min_open,
+            "max_open": self.max_open,
+            "clamp": self.clamp,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: _ValueT_contra, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> _FloatValueT_co:
+        import operator
+
+        rv = super().convert(value, param, ctx)
+        min = self.min
+        max = self.max
+        lt_min: bool = min is not None and (
+            operator.le if self.min_open else operator.lt
+        )(rv, min)
+        gt_max: bool = max is not None and (
+            operator.ge if self.max_open else operator.gt
+        )(rv, max)
+
+        if self.clamp:
+            if min is not None and lt_min:
+                return self._clamp(min, 1, self.min_open)
+
+            if max is not None and gt_max:
+                return self._clamp(max, -1, self.max_open)
+
+        if lt_min or gt_max:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value} is not in the range {range}.").format(
+                    value=rv, range=self._describe_range()
+                ),
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+
+        return rv
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _clamp(
+        # Covariant type variables cannot be used in input positions, so we use a
+        # separate method-scoped type variable instead.
+        self: _NumberRangeBase[t.Any, _FloatValueT],
+        bound: _FloatValueT,
+        dir: t.Literal[1, -1],
+        open: bool,
+    ) -> _FloatValueT:
+        """Find the valid value to clamp to bound in the given
+        direction.
+
+        :param bound: The boundary value.
+        :param dir: 1 or -1 indicating the direction to move.
+        :param open: If true, the range does not include the bound.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    def _describe_range(self) -> str:
+        """Describe the range for use in help text."""
+        if self.min is None:
+            op = "<" if self.max_open else "<="
+            return f"x{op}{self.max}"
+
+        if self.max is None:
+            op = ">" if self.min_open else ">="
+            return f"x{op}{self.min}"
+
+        lop = "<" if self.min_open else "<="
+        rop = "<" if self.max_open else "<="
+        return f"{self.min}{lop}x{rop}{self.max}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        clamp = " clamped" if self.clamp else ""
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self._describe_range()}{clamp}>"
+
+
+class IntParamType(_NumberParamTypeBase[t.SupportsInt | t.SupportsIndex, int]):
+    name = "integer"
+    _number_class = int
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "INT"
+
+
+class IntRange(_NumberRangeBase[int, int], IntParamType):
+    """Restrict an :data:`click.INT` value to a range of accepted
+    values. See :ref:`ranges`.
+
+    If ``min`` or ``max`` are not passed, any value is accepted in that
+    direction. If ``min_open`` or ``max_open`` are enabled, the
+    corresponding boundary is not included in the range.
+
+    If ``clamp`` is enabled, a value outside the range is clamped to the
+    boundary instead of failing.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``min_open`` and ``max_open`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    name = "integer range"
+
+    def _clamp(self, bound: int, dir: t.Literal[1, -1], open: bool) -> int:
+        if not open:
+            return bound
+
+        return bound + dir
+
+
+class FloatParamType(_NumberParamTypeBase[t.SupportsFloat | t.SupportsIndex, float]):
+    name = "float"
+    _number_class = float
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "FLOAT"
+
+
+class FloatRange(_NumberRangeBase[float, float], FloatParamType):
+    """Restrict a :data:`click.FLOAT` value to a range of accepted
+    values. See :ref:`ranges`.
+
+    If ``min`` or ``max`` are not passed, any value is accepted in that
+    direction. If ``min_open`` or ``max_open`` are enabled, the
+    corresponding boundary is not included in the range.
+
+    If ``clamp`` is enabled, a value outside the range is clamped to the
+    boundary instead of failing. This is not supported if either
+    boundary is marked ``open``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``min_open`` and ``max_open`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    name = "float range"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        min: float | None = None,
+        max: float | None = None,
+        min_open: bool = False,
+        max_open: bool = False,
+        clamp: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            min=min, max=max, min_open=min_open, max_open=max_open, clamp=clamp
+        )
+
+        if (min_open or max_open) and clamp:
+            raise TypeError("Clamping is not supported for open bounds.")
+
+    def _clamp(self, bound: float, dir: t.Literal[1, -1], open: bool) -> float:
+        if not open:
+            return bound
+
+        # Could use math.nextafter here, but clamping an
+        # open float range doesn't seem to be particularly useful. It's
+        # left up to the user to write a callback to do it if needed.
+        raise RuntimeError("Clamping is not supported for open bounds.")
+
+
+class BoolParamType(ParamType[bool]):
+    name = "boolean"
+
+    bool_states: dict[str, bool] = {
+        "1": True,
+        "0": False,
+        "yes": True,
+        "no": False,
+        "true": True,
+        "false": False,
+        "on": True,
+        "off": False,
+        "t": True,
+        "f": False,
+        "y": True,
+        "n": False,
+        # Absence of value is considered False.
+        "": False,
+    }
+    """A mapping of string values to boolean states.
+
+    Mapping is inspired by :py:attr:`configparser.ConfigParser.BOOLEAN_STATES`
+    and extends it.
+
+    .. caution::
+        String values are lower-cased, as the ``str_to_bool`` comparison function
+        below is case-insensitive.
+
+    .. warning::
+        The mapping is not exhaustive, and does not cover all possible boolean strings
+        representations. It will remains as it is to avoid endless bikeshedding.
+
+        Future work my be considered to make this mapping user-configurable from public
+        API.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def str_to_bool(value: str | bool) -> bool | None:
+        """Convert a string to a boolean value.
+
+        If the value is already a boolean, it is returned as-is. If the value is a
+        string, it is stripped of whitespaces and lower-cased, then checked against
+        the known boolean states pre-defined in the `BoolParamType.bool_states` mapping
+        above.
+
+        Returns `None` if the value does not match any known boolean state.
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, bool):
+            return value
+        return BoolParamType.bool_states.get(value.strip().lower())
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> bool:
+        normalized = self.str_to_bool(value)
+        if normalized is None:
+            self.fail(
+                _(
+                    "{value!r} is not a valid boolean. Recognized values: {states}"
+                ).format(value=value, states=", ".join(sorted(self.bool_states))),
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+        return normalized
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "BOOL"
+
+
+class UUIDParameterType(ParamType[uuid.UUID]):
+    name = "uuid"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: uuid.UUID | str, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> uuid.UUID:
+        if isinstance(value, uuid.UUID):
+            return value
+
+        value = value.strip()
+
+        try:
+            return uuid.UUID(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value!r} is not a valid UUID.").format(value=value), param, ctx
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "UUID"
+
+
+class FileInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    mode: str
+    encoding: str | None
+
+
+class File(ParamType[t.IO[t.Any]]):
+    """Declares a parameter to be a file for reading or writing.  The file
+    is automatically closed once the context tears down (after the command
+    finished working).
+
+    Files can be opened for reading or writing.  The special value ``-``
+    indicates stdin or stdout depending on the mode.
+
+    By default, the file is opened for reading text data, but it can also be
+    opened in binary mode or for writing.  The encoding parameter can be used
+    to force a specific encoding.
+
+    The `lazy` flag controls if the file should be opened immediately or upon
+    first IO. The default is to be non-lazy for standard input and output
+    streams as well as files opened for reading, `lazy` otherwise. When opening a
+    file lazily for reading, it is still opened temporarily for validation, but
+    will not be held open until first IO. lazy is mainly useful when opening
+    for writing to avoid creating the file until it is needed.
+
+    Files can also be opened atomically in which case all writes go into a
+    separate file in the same folder and upon completion the file will
+    be moved over to the original location.  This is useful if a file
+    regularly read by other users is modified.
+
+    See :ref:`file-args` for more information.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``atomic`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    name = "filename"
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[str] = os.path.pathsep
+
+    mode: str
+    encoding: str | None
+    errors: str | None
+    lazy: bool | None
+    atomic: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: str = "r",
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = "strict",
+        lazy: bool | None = None,
+        atomic: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.errors = errors
+        self.lazy = lazy
+        self.atomic = atomic
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> FileInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "mode": self.mode,
+            "encoding": self.encoding,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def resolve_lazy_flag(self, value: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> bool:
+        if self.lazy is not None:
+            return self.lazy
+        if os.fspath(value) == "-":
+            return False
+        elif "w" in self.mode:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def convert(
+        self,
+        value: str | os.PathLike[str] | t.IO[t.Any],
+        param: Parameter | None,
+        ctx: Context | None,
+    ) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+        if _is_file_like(value):
+            return value
+
+        try:
+            lazy = self.resolve_lazy_flag(value)
+
+            if lazy:
+                lf = LazyFile(
+                    value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+                )
+
+                if ctx is not None:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(lf.close_intelligently)
+
+                return t.cast("t.IO[t.Any]", lf)
+
+            f, should_close = open_stream(
+                value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+            )
+
+            # If a context is provided, we automatically close the file
+            # at the end of the context execution (or flush out).  If a
+            # context does not exist, it's the caller's responsibility to
+            # properly close the file.  This for instance happens when the
+            # type is used with prompts.
+            if ctx is not None:
+                if should_close:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.close))
+                else:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.flush))
+
+            return f
+        except OSError as e:
+            self.fail(
+                f"'{format_filename(value)}': {e.strerror}",
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a special completion marker that tells the completion
+        system to use the shell to provide file path completions.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        return [CompletionItem(incomplete, type="file")]
+
+
+def _is_file_like(value: t.Any) -> te.TypeIs[t.IO[t.Any]]:
+    return hasattr(value, "read") or hasattr(value, "write")
+
+
+class PathInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    exists: bool
+    file_okay: bool
+    dir_okay: bool
+    writable: bool
+    readable: bool
+    allow_dash: bool
+
+
+class Path(ParamType[str | bytes | os.PathLike[str]]):
+    """The ``Path`` type is similar to the :class:`File` type, but
+    returns the filename instead of an open file. Various checks can be
+    enabled to validate the type of file and permissions.
+
+    :param exists: The file or directory needs to exist for the value to
+        be valid. If this is not set to ``True``, and the file does not
+        exist, then all further checks are silently skipped.
+    :param file_okay: Allow a file as a value.
+    :param dir_okay: Allow a directory as a value.
+    :param readable: if true, a readable check is performed.
+    :param writable: if true, a writable check is performed.
+    :param executable: if true, an executable check is performed.
+    :param resolve_path: Make the value absolute and resolve any
+        symlinks. A ``~`` is not expanded, as this is supposed to be
+        done by the shell only.
+    :param allow_dash: Allow a single dash as a value, which indicates
+        a standard stream (but does not open it). Use
+        :func:`~click.open_file` to handle opening this value.
+    :param path_type: Convert the incoming path value to this type. If
+        ``None``, keep Python's default, which is ``str``. Useful to
+        convert to :class:`pathlib.Path`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        Added the ``executable`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Allow passing ``path_type=pathlib.Path``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 6.0
+        Added the ``allow_dash`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[str] = os.path.pathsep
+
+    exists: bool
+    file_okay: bool
+    dir_okay: bool
+    readable: bool
+    writable: bool
+    executable: bool
+    resolve_path: bool
+    allow_dash: bool
+    name: str
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exists: bool = False,
+        file_okay: bool = True,
+        dir_okay: bool = True,
+        writable: bool = False,
+        readable: bool = True,
+        resolve_path: bool = False,
+        allow_dash: bool = False,
+        path_type: type | None = None,
+        executable: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exists = exists
+        self.file_okay = file_okay
+        self.dir_okay = dir_okay
+        self.readable = readable
+        self.writable = writable
+        self.executable = executable
+        self.resolve_path = resolve_path
+        self.allow_dash = allow_dash
+        self.type: type | None = path_type
+
+        if self.file_okay and not self.dir_okay:
+            self.name = _("file")
+        elif self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay:
+            self.name = _("directory")
+        else:
+            self.name = _("path")
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> PathInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "exists": self.exists,
+            "file_okay": self.file_okay,
+            "dir_okay": self.dir_okay,
+            "writable": self.writable,
+            "readable": self.readable,
+            "allow_dash": self.allow_dash,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def coerce_path_result(
+        self, value: str | os.PathLike[str]
+    ) -> str | bytes | os.PathLike[str]:
+        if self.type is not None and not isinstance(value, self.type):
+            if self.type is str:
+                return os.fsdecode(value)
+            elif self.type is bytes:
+                return os.fsencode(value)
+            else:
+                return t.cast("os.PathLike[str]", self.type(value))
+
+        return value
+
+    def convert(
+        self,
+        value: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        param: Parameter | None,
+        ctx: Context | None,
+    ) -> str | bytes | os.PathLike[str]:
+        rv = value
+
+        is_dash = self.file_okay and self.allow_dash and rv in (b"-", "-")
+
+        if not is_dash:
+            if self.resolve_path:
+                rv = os.path.realpath(rv)
+
+            try:
+                st = os.stat(rv)
+            except OSError:
+                if not self.exists:
+                    return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} does not exist.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if not self.file_okay and stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is a file.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+            if not self.dir_okay and stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is a directory.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.readable and not os.access(rv, os.R_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not readable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.writable and not os.access(rv, os.W_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not writable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.executable and not os.access(value, os.X_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not executable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+        return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a special completion marker that tells the completion
+        system to use the shell to provide path completions for only
+        directories or any paths.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        type = "dir" if self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay else "file"
+        return [CompletionItem(incomplete, type=type)]
+
+
+class TupleInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    types: cabc.Sequence[ParamTypeInfoDict]
+
+
+class Tuple(CompositeParamType[tuple[t.Any, ...]]):
+    """The default behavior of Click is to apply a type on a value directly.
+    This works well in most cases, except for when `nargs` is set to a fixed
+    count and different types should be used for different items.  In this
+    case the :class:`Tuple` type can be used.  This type can only be used
+    if `nargs` is set to a fixed number.
+
+    For more information see :ref:`tuple-type`.
+
+    This can be selected by using a Python tuple literal as a type.
+
+    :param types: a list of types that should be used for the tuple items.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, types: cabc.Sequence[type[t.Any] | ParamType[t.Any]]) -> None:
+        self.types: cabc.Sequence[ParamType[t.Any]] = [convert_type(ty) for ty in types]
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> TupleInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "types": [ty.to_info_dict() for ty in self.types],
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return f"<{' '.join(ty.name for ty in self.types)}>"
+
+    @property
+    def arity(self) -> int:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return len(self.types)
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, ...]:
+        len_type = len(self.types)
+        len_value = len(value)
+
+        if len_value != len_type:
+            self.fail(
+                ngettext(
+                    "{len_type} values are required, but {len_value} was given.",
+                    "{len_type} values are required, but {len_value} were given.",
+                    len_value,
+                ).format(len_type=len_type, len_value=len_value),
+                param=param,
+                ctx=ctx,
+            )
+
+        return tuple(
+            ty(x, param, ctx) for ty, x in zip(self.types, value, strict=False)
+        )
+
+
+def _guess_type(
+    ty: type[t.Any] | ParamType[t.Any] | None,
+    default: t.Any | None,
+) -> type[t.Any] | tuple[type[t.Any], ...] | ParamType[t.Any] | None:
+    """Infer a type from *ty* or *default*.
+
+    Returns *ty* unchanged when it is not ``None``.  Otherwise inspects
+    *default* to produce a ``type``, a ``tuple`` of types (for tuple
+    defaults), or ``None``.
+    """
+    if ty is not None:
+        return ty
+
+    if default is None:
+        return None
+
+    if not isinstance(default, (tuple, list)):
+        return type(default)
+
+    # If the default is empty, return None so convert_type falls
+    # through to STRING.
+    if not default:
+        return None
+
+    item = default[0]
+
+    # A sequence of iterables needs to detect the inner types.
+    # Can't call convert_type recursively because that would
+    # incorrectly unwind the tuple to a single type.
+    if isinstance(item, (tuple, list)):
+        return tuple(map(type, item))
+
+    return type(item)
+
+
+@t.overload
+def convert_type(ty: None, default: None = None) -> StringParamType: ...
+@t.overload
+def convert_type(
+    ty: type | ParamType[t.Any], default: t.Any | None = None
+) -> ParamType[t.Any]: ...
+@t.overload
+def convert_type(
+    ty: t.Any | None, default: t.Any | None = None
+) -> ParamType[t.Any]: ...
+def convert_type(
+    ty: t.Any | None = None, default: t.Any | None = None
+) -> ParamType[t.Any]:
+    """Find the most appropriate :class:`ParamType` for the given Python
+    type. If the type isn't provided, it can be inferred from a default
+    value.
+    """
+    guessed = _guess_type(ty, default)
+    is_guessed = guessed is not ty
+
+    if isinstance(guessed, tuple):
+        return Tuple(guessed)
+
+    if isinstance(guessed, ParamType):
+        return guessed
+
+    if guessed is str or guessed is None:
+        return STRING
+
+    if guessed is int:
+        return INT
+
+    if guessed is float:
+        return FLOAT
+
+    if guessed is bool:
+        return BOOL
+
+    if is_guessed:
+        return STRING
+
+    if __debug__:
+        try:
+            if issubclass(guessed, ParamType):
+                raise AssertionError(
+                    f"Attempted to use an uninstantiated parameter type ({guessed})."
+                )
+        except TypeError:
+            # guessed is an instance (correct), so issubclass fails.
+            pass
+
+    return FuncParamType(guessed)
+
+
+#: A dummy parameter type that just does nothing.  From a user's
+#: perspective this appears to just be the same as `STRING` but
+#: internally no string conversion takes place if the input was bytes.
+#: This is usually useful when working with file paths as they can
+#: appear in bytes and unicode.
+#:
+#: For path related uses the :class:`Path` type is a better choice but
+#: there are situations where an unprocessed type is useful which is why
+#: it is provided.
+#:
+#: .. versionadded:: 4.0
+UNPROCESSED: t.Final[UnprocessedParamType] = UnprocessedParamType()
+
+#: A unicode string parameter type which is the implicit default.  This
+#: can also be selected by using ``str`` as type.
+STRING: t.Final[StringParamType] = StringParamType()
+
+#: An integer parameter.  This can also be selected by using ``int`` as
+#: type.
+INT: t.Final[IntParamType] = IntParamType()
+
+#: A floating point value parameter.  This can also be selected by using
+#: ``float`` as type.
+FLOAT: t.Final[FloatParamType] = FloatParamType()
+
+#: A boolean parameter.  This is the default for boolean flags.  This can
+#: also be selected by using ``bool`` as a type.
+BOOL: t.Final[BoolParamType] = BoolParamType()
+
+#: A UUID parameter.
+UUID: t.Final[UUIDParameterType] = UUIDParameterType()
+
+
+class OptionHelpExtra(t.TypedDict, total=False):
+    envvars: tuple[str, ...]
+    default: str
+    range: str
+    required: str
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/utils.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0cb22d683b4ea2ff3b035efdf1e6ef392b08367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/click/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,653 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from types import ModuleType
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from ._compat import _default_text_stderr
+from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
+from ._compat import _find_binary_writer
+from ._compat import auto_wrap_for_ansi
+from ._compat import binary_streams
+from ._compat import open_stream
+from ._compat import should_strip_ansi
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from ._compat import text_streams
+from ._compat import WIN
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    P = te.ParamSpec("P")
+
+R = t.TypeVar("R")
+
+
+def _posixify(name: str) -> str:
+    return "-".join(name.split()).lower()
+
+
+def safecall(func: t.Callable[P, R]) -> t.Callable[P, R | None]:
+    """Wraps a function so that it swallows exceptions."""
+
+    def wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R | None:
+        try:
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return None
+
+    return update_wrapper(wrapper, func)
+
+
+def make_str(value: t.Any) -> str:
+    """Converts a value into a valid string."""
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        try:
+            return value.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+        except UnicodeError:
+            return value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+    return str(value)
+
+
+def make_default_short_help(help: str, max_length: int = 45) -> str:
+    """Returns a condensed version of help string.
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    # Consider only the first paragraph.
+    paragraph_end = help.find("\n\n")
+
+    if paragraph_end != -1:
+        help = help[:paragraph_end]
+
+    # Collapse newlines, tabs, and spaces.
+    words = help.split()
+
+    if not words:
+        return ""
+
+    # The first paragraph started with a "no rewrap" marker, ignore it.
+    if words[0] == "\b":
+        words = words[1:]
+
+    total_length = 0
+    last_index = len(words) - 1
+
+    for i, word in enumerate(words):
+        total_length += len(word) + (i > 0)
+
+        if total_length > max_length:  # too long, truncate
+            break
+
+        if word[-1] == ".":  # sentence end, truncate without "..."
+            return " ".join(words[: i + 1])
+
+        if total_length == max_length and i != last_index:
+            break  # not at sentence end, truncate with "..."
+    else:
+        return " ".join(words)  # no truncation needed
+
+    # Account for the length of the suffix.
+    total_length += len("...")
+
+    # remove words until the length is short enough
+    while i > 0:
+        total_length -= len(words[i]) + (i > 0)
+
+        if total_length <= max_length:
+            break
+
+        i -= 1
+
+    return " ".join(words[:i]) + "..."
+
+
+class LazyFile:
+    """A lazy file works like a regular file but it does not fully open
+    the file but it does perform some basic checks early to see if the
+    filename parameter does make sense.  This is useful for safely opening
+    files for writing.
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    mode: str
+    encoding: str | None
+    errors: str | None
+    atomic: bool
+    _f: t.IO[t.Any] | None
+    should_close: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filename: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        mode: str = "r",
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = "strict",
+        atomic: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = os.fspath(filename)
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.errors = errors
+        self.atomic = atomic
+
+        if self.name == "-":
+            self._f, self.should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors)
+        else:
+            if "r" in mode:
+                # Open and close the file in case we're opening it for
+                # reading so that we can catch at least some errors in
+                # some cases early.
+                open(filename, mode).close()
+            self._f = None
+            self.should_close = True
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self.open(), name)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self._f is not None:
+            return repr(self._f)
+        return f"<unopened file '{format_filename(self.name)}' {self.mode}>"
+
+    def open(self) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+        """Opens the file if it's not yet open.  This call might fail with
+        a :exc:`FileError`.  Not handling this error will produce an error
+        that Click shows.
+        """
+        if self._f is not None:
+            return self._f
+        try:
+            rv, self.should_close = open_stream(
+                self.name, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+            )
+        except OSError as e:
+            from .exceptions import FileError
+
+            raise FileError(self.name, hint=e.strerror) from e
+        self._f = rv
+        return rv
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Closes the underlying file, no matter what."""
+        if self._f is not None:
+            self._f.close()
+
+    def close_intelligently(self) -> None:
+        """This function only closes the file if it was opened by the lazy
+        file wrapper.  For instance this will never close stdin.
+        """
+        if self.should_close:
+            self.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> LazyFile:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close_intelligently()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[t.AnyStr]:
+        self.open()
+        return iter(self._f)  # type: ignore
+
+
+class KeepOpenFile:
+    """Proxy a file object but keep it open across a ``with`` block.
+
+    Wraps a borrowed file (such as ``sys.stdin`` or ``sys.stdout``) so that
+    leaving a ``with`` block does not close it, as used by :func:`open_file`
+    for the ``-`` filename. The caller stays responsible for the file: an
+    explicit :meth:`close` still passes through to the wrapped object.
+
+    Dunder methods are proxied explicitly: implicit special-method lookups
+    bypass :meth:`__getattr__`, because Python resolves them on the type rather
+    than the instance.
+    """
+
+    _file: t.IO[t.Any]
+
+    def __init__(self, file: t.IO[t.Any]) -> None:
+        self._file = file
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._file, name)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> KeepOpenFile:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._file)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[t.AnyStr]:
+        return iter(self._file)
+
+
+def echo(
+    message: object = None,
+    file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None,
+    nl: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Print a message and newline to stdout or a file. This should be
+    used instead of :func:`print` because it provides better support
+    for different data, files, and environments.
+
+    Compared to :func:`print`, this does the following:
+
+    -   Ensures that the output encoding is not misconfigured on Linux.
+    -   Supports Unicode in the Windows console.
+    -   Supports writing to binary outputs, and supports writing bytes
+        to text outputs.
+    -   Supports colors and styles on Windows.
+    -   Removes ANSI color and style codes if the output does not look
+        like an interactive terminal.
+    -   Always flushes the output.
+
+    :param message: The string or bytes to output. Other objects are
+        converted to strings.
+    :param file: The file to write to. Defaults to ``stdout``.
+    :param err: Write to ``stderr`` instead of ``stdout``.
+    :param nl: Print a newline after the message. Enabled by default.
+    :param color: Force showing or hiding colors and other styles. By
+        default Click will remove color if the output does not look like
+        an interactive terminal.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 6.0
+        Support Unicode output on the Windows console. Click does not
+        modify ``sys.stdout``, so ``sys.stdout.write()`` and ``print()``
+        will still not support Unicode.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+        Added the ``color`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        Added the ``err`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Support colors on Windows if colorama is installed.
+    """
+    if file is None:
+        if err:
+            file = _default_text_stderr()
+        else:
+            file = _default_text_stdout()
+
+        # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+        # pythonw on Windows.
+        if file is None:
+            return
+
+    match message:
+        case str() | bytes() | bytearray():
+            out = message
+        case None:
+            out = ""
+        case _:
+            out = str(message)
+
+    if nl:
+        if isinstance(out, str):
+            out += "\n"
+        else:
+            out += b"\n"
+
+    if not out:
+        file.flush()
+        return
+
+    # If there is a message and the value looks like bytes, we manually
+    # need to find the binary stream and write the message in there.
+    # This is done separately so that most stream types will work as you
+    # would expect. Eg: you can write to StringIO for other cases.
+    if isinstance(out, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        binary_file = _find_binary_writer(file)
+        if binary_file is not None:
+            file.flush()
+            binary_file.write(out)
+            binary_file.flush()
+            return
+
+    # ANSI style code support. For no message or bytes, nothing happens.
+    # When outputting to a file instead of a terminal, strip codes.
+    else:
+        color = resolve_color_default(color)
+
+        if should_strip_ansi(file, color):
+            out = strip_ansi(out)
+        elif WIN:
+            if auto_wrap_for_ansi is not None:
+                file = auto_wrap_for_ansi(file, color)  # type: ignore
+            elif not color:
+                out = strip_ansi(out)
+
+    file.write(out)  # type: ignore
+    file.flush()
+
+
+def get_binary_stream(name: t.Literal["stdin", "stdout", "stderr"]) -> t.BinaryIO:
+    """Returns a system stream for byte processing.
+
+    :param name: the name of the stream to open.  Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
+                 ``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
+    """
+    opener = binary_streams.get(name)
+    if opener is None:
+        raise TypeError(_("Unknown standard stream '{name}'").format(name=name))
+    return opener()
+
+
+def get_text_stream(
+    name: t.Literal["stdin", "stdout", "stderr"],
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = "strict",
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    """Returns a system stream for text processing.  This usually returns
+    a wrapped stream around a binary stream returned from
+    :func:`get_binary_stream` but it also can take shortcuts for already
+    correctly configured streams.
+
+    :param name: the name of the stream to open.  Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
+                 ``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
+    :param encoding: overrides the detected default encoding.
+    :param errors: overrides the default error mode.
+    """
+    opener = text_streams.get(name)
+    if opener is None:
+        raise TypeError(_("Unknown standard stream '{name}'").format(name=name))
+    return opener(encoding, errors)
+
+
+def open_file(
+    filename: str | os.PathLike[str],
+    mode: str = "r",
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = "strict",
+    lazy: bool = False,
+    atomic: bool = False,
+) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+    """Open a file, with extra behavior to handle ``'-'`` to indicate
+    a standard stream, lazy open on write, and atomic write. Similar to
+    the behavior of the :class:`~click.File` param type.
+
+    If ``'-'`` is given to open ``stdout`` or ``stdin``, the stream is
+    wrapped so that using it in a context manager will not close it.
+    This makes it possible to use the function without accidentally
+    closing a standard stream:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        with open_file(filename) as f:
+            ...
+
+    :param filename: The name or Path of the file to open, or ``'-'`` for
+        ``stdin``/``stdout``.
+    :param mode: The mode in which to open the file.
+    :param encoding: The encoding to decode or encode a file opened in
+        text mode.
+    :param errors: The error handling mode.
+    :param lazy: Wait to open the file until it is accessed. For read
+        mode, the file is temporarily opened to raise access errors
+        early, then closed until it is read again.
+    :param atomic: Write to a temporary file and replace the given file
+        on close.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+    if lazy:
+        return t.cast(
+            "t.IO[t.Any]", LazyFile(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
+        )
+
+    f, should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
+
+    if not should_close:
+        f = t.cast("t.IO[t.Any]", KeepOpenFile(f))
+
+    return f
+
+
+def format_filename(
+    filename: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes],
+    shorten: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """Format a filename as a string for display. Ensures the filename can be
+    displayed by replacing any invalid bytes or surrogate escapes in the name
+    with the replacement character ``�``.
+
+    Invalid bytes or surrogate escapes will raise an error when written to a
+    stream with ``errors="strict"``. This will typically happen with ``stdout``
+    when the locale is something like ``en_GB.UTF-8``.
+
+    Many scenarios *are* safe to write surrogates though, due to PEP 538 and
+    PEP 540, including:
+
+    -   Writing to ``stderr``, which uses ``errors="backslashreplace"``.
+    -   The system has ``LANG=C.UTF-8``, ``C``, or ``POSIX``. Python opens
+        stdout and stderr with ``errors="surrogateescape"``.
+    -   None of ``LANG/LC_*`` are set. Python assumes ``LANG=C.UTF-8``.
+    -   Python is started in UTF-8 mode  with  ``PYTHONUTF8=1`` or ``-X utf8``.
+        Python opens stdout and stderr with ``errors="surrogateescape"``.
+
+    :param filename: formats a filename for UI display.  This will also convert
+                     the filename into unicode without failing.
+    :param shorten: this optionally shortens the filename to strip of the
+                    path that leads up to it.
+    """
+    if shorten:
+        filename = os.path.basename(filename)
+    else:
+        filename = os.fspath(filename)
+
+    if isinstance(filename, bytes):
+        filename = filename.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding(), "replace")
+    else:
+        filename = filename.encode("utf-8", "surrogateescape").decode(
+            "utf-8", "replace"
+        )
+
+    return filename
+
+
+def get_app_dir(app_name: str, roaming: bool = True, force_posix: bool = False) -> str:
+    r"""Returns the config folder for the application.  The default behavior
+    is to return whatever is most appropriate for the operating system.
+
+    To give you an idea, for an app called ``"Foo Bar"``, something like
+    the following folders could be returned:
+
+    Mac OS X:
+      ``~/Library/Application Support/Foo Bar``
+    Mac OS X (POSIX):
+      ``~/.foo-bar``
+    Unix:
+      ``~/.config/foo-bar``
+    Unix (POSIX):
+      ``~/.foo-bar``
+    Windows (roaming):
+      ``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Foo Bar``
+    Windows (not roaming):
+      ``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Foo Bar``
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param app_name: the application name.  This should be properly capitalized
+                     and can contain whitespace.
+    :param roaming: controls if the folder should be roaming or not on Windows.
+                    Has no effect otherwise.
+    :param force_posix: if this is set to `True` then on any POSIX system the
+                        folder will be stored in the home folder with a leading
+                        dot instead of the XDG config home or darwin's
+                        application support folder.
+    """
+    if WIN:
+        key = "APPDATA" if roaming else "LOCALAPPDATA"
+        folder = os.environ.get(key)
+        if folder is None:
+            folder = os.path.expanduser("~")
+        return os.path.join(folder, app_name)
+    if force_posix:
+        return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(f"~/.{_posixify(app_name)}"))
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        return os.path.join(
+            os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Application Support"), app_name
+        )
+    return os.path.join(
+        os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", os.path.expanduser("~/.config")),
+        _posixify(app_name),
+    )
+
+
+class PacifyFlushWrapper:
+    """This wrapper is used to catch and suppress BrokenPipeErrors resulting
+    from ``.flush()`` being called on broken pipe during the shutdown/final-GC
+    of the Python interpreter. Notably ``.flush()`` is always called on
+    ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``. So as to have minimal impact on any
+    other cleanup code, and the case where the underlying file is not a broken
+    pipe, all calls and attributes are proxied.
+    """
+
+    wrapped: t.IO[t.Any]
+
+    def __init__(self, wrapped: t.IO[t.Any]) -> None:
+        self.wrapped = wrapped
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.wrapped.flush()
+        except OSError as e:
+            import errno
+
+            if e.errno != errno.EPIPE:
+                raise
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self.wrapped, attr)
+
+
+def _detect_program_name(
+    path: str | None = None, _main: ModuleType | None = None
+) -> str:
+    """Determine the command used to run the program, for use in help
+    text. If a file or entry point was executed, the file name is
+    returned. If ``python -m`` was used to execute a module or package,
+    ``python -m name`` is returned.
+
+    This doesn't try to be too precise, the goal is to give a concise
+    name for help text. Files are only shown as their name without the
+    path. ``python`` is only shown for modules, and the full path to
+    ``sys.executable`` is not shown.
+
+    :param path: The Python file being executed. Python puts this in
+        ``sys.argv[0]``, which is used by default.
+    :param _main: The ``__main__`` module. This should only be passed
+        during internal testing.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        Based on command args detection in the Werkzeug reloader.
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    if _main is None:
+        _main = sys.modules["__main__"]
+
+    if not path:
+        path = sys.argv[0]
+
+    # The value of __package__ indicates how Python was called. It may
+    # not exist if a setuptools script is installed as an egg. It may be
+    # set incorrectly for entry points created with pip on Windows.
+    # It is set to "" inside a Shiv or PEX zipapp.
+    if getattr(_main, "__package__", None) in {None, ""} or (
+        os.name == "nt"
+        and _main.__package__ == ""
+        and not os.path.exists(path)
+        and os.path.exists(f"{path}.exe")
+    ):
+        # Executed a file, like "python app.py".
+        return os.path.basename(path)
+
+    # Executed a module, like "python -m example".
+    # Rewritten by Python from "-m script" to "/path/to/script.py".
+    # Need to look at main module to determine how it was executed.
+    py_module = t.cast(str, _main.__package__)
+    name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(path))[0]
+
+    # A submodule like "example.cli".
+    if name != "__main__":
+        py_module = f"{py_module}.{name}"
+
+    return f"python -m {py_module.lstrip('.')}"
+
+
+def _expand_args(
+    args: cabc.Iterable[str],
+    *,
+    user: bool = True,
+    env: bool = True,
+    glob_recursive: bool = True,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Simulate Unix shell expansion with Python functions.
+
+    See :func:`glob.glob`, :func:`os.path.expanduser`, and
+    :func:`os.path.expandvars`.
+
+    This is intended for use on Windows, where the shell does not do any
+    expansion. It may not exactly match what a Unix shell would do.
+
+    :param args: List of command line arguments to expand.
+    :param user: Expand user home directory.
+    :param env: Expand environment variables.
+    :param glob_recursive: ``**`` matches directories recursively.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        Invalid glob patterns are treated as empty expansions rather
+        than raising an error.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    from glob import glob
+
+    out = []
+
+    for arg in args:
+        if user:
+            arg = os.path.expanduser(arg)
+
+        if env:
+            arg = os.path.expandvars(arg)
+
+        try:
+            matches = glob(arg, recursive=glob_recursive)
+        except re.error:
+            matches = []
+
+        if not matches:
+            out.append(arg)
+        else:
+            out.extend(matches)
+
+    return out
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c69047b2eb8235994febeeae1da4a82365a240a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uv
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1b5c57543005b310ac2efb02243a6b6ab6d8932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: colorama
+Version: 0.4.6
+Summary: Cross-platform colored terminal text.
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/tartley/colorama
+Author-email: Jonathan Hartley <tartley@tartley.com>
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Keywords: ansi,color,colour,crossplatform,terminal,text,windows,xplatform
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Console
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Topic :: Terminals
+Requires-Python: !=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*,!=3.5.*,!=3.6.*,>=2.7
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/colorama.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.org/project/colorama/
+    :alt: Latest Version
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/colorama.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.org/project/colorama/
+    :alt: Supported Python versions
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/tartley/colorama/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
+    :target: https://github.com/tartley/colorama/actions/workflows/test.yml
+    :alt: Build Status
+
+Colorama
+========
+
+Makes ANSI escape character sequences (for producing colored terminal text and
+cursor positioning) work under MS Windows.
+
+.. |donate| image:: https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donate_SM.gif
+  :target: https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=2MZ9D2GMLYCUJ&item_name=Colorama&currency_code=USD
+  :alt: Donate with Paypal
+
+`PyPI for releases <https://pypi.org/project/colorama/>`_ |
+`Github for source <https://github.com/tartley/colorama>`_ |
+`Colorama for enterprise on Tidelift <https://github.com/tartley/colorama/blob/master/ENTERPRISE.md>`_
+
+If you find Colorama useful, please |donate| to the authors. Thank you!
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+Tested on CPython 2.7, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9 and 3.10 and Pypy 2.7 and 3.8.
+
+No requirements other than the standard library.
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    pip install colorama
+    # or
+    conda install -c anaconda colorama
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+ANSI escape character sequences have long been used to produce colored terminal
+text and cursor positioning on Unix and Macs. Colorama makes this work on
+Windows, too, by wrapping ``stdout``, stripping ANSI sequences it finds (which
+would appear as gobbledygook in the output), and converting them into the
+appropriate win32 calls to modify the state of the terminal. On other platforms,
+Colorama does nothing.
+
+This has the upshot of providing a simple cross-platform API for printing
+colored terminal text from Python, and has the happy side-effect that existing
+applications or libraries which use ANSI sequences to produce colored output on
+Linux or Macs can now also work on Windows, simply by calling
+``colorama.just_fix_windows_console()`` (since v0.4.6) or ``colorama.init()``
+(all versions, but may have other side-effects – see below).
+
+An alternative approach is to install ``ansi.sys`` on Windows machines, which
+provides the same behaviour for all applications running in terminals. Colorama
+is intended for situations where that isn't easy (e.g., maybe your app doesn't
+have an installer.)
+
+Demo scripts in the source code repository print some colored text using
+ANSI sequences. Compare their output under Gnome-terminal's built in ANSI
+handling, versus on Windows Command-Prompt using Colorama:
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/tartley/colorama/raw/master/screenshots/ubuntu-demo.png
+    :width: 661
+    :height: 357
+    :alt: ANSI sequences on Ubuntu under gnome-terminal.
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/tartley/colorama/raw/master/screenshots/windows-demo.png
+    :width: 668
+    :height: 325
+    :alt: Same ANSI sequences on Windows, using Colorama.
+
+These screenshots show that, on Windows, Colorama does not support ANSI 'dim
+text'; it looks the same as 'normal text'.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+Initialisation
+..............
+
+If the only thing you want from Colorama is to get ANSI escapes to work on
+Windows, then run:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from colorama import just_fix_windows_console
+    just_fix_windows_console()
+
+If you're on a recent version of Windows 10 or better, and your stdout/stderr
+are pointing to a Windows console, then this will flip the magic configuration
+switch to enable Windows' built-in ANSI support.
+
+If you're on an older version of Windows, and your stdout/stderr are pointing to
+a Windows console, then this will wrap ``sys.stdout`` and/or ``sys.stderr`` in a
+magic file object that intercepts ANSI escape sequences and issues the
+appropriate Win32 calls to emulate them.
+
+In all other circumstances, it does nothing whatsoever. Basically the idea is
+that this makes Windows act like Unix with respect to ANSI escape handling.
+
+It's safe to call this function multiple times. It's safe to call this function
+on non-Windows platforms, but it won't do anything. It's safe to call this
+function when one or both of your stdout/stderr are redirected to a file – it
+won't do anything to those streams.
+
+Alternatively, you can use the older interface with more features (but also more
+potential footguns):
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from colorama import init
+    init()
+
+This does the same thing as ``just_fix_windows_console``, except for the
+following differences:
+
+- It's not safe to call ``init`` multiple times; you can end up with multiple
+  layers of wrapping and broken ANSI support.
+
+- Colorama will apply a heuristic to guess whether stdout/stderr support ANSI,
+  and if it thinks they don't, then it will wrap ``sys.stdout`` and
+  ``sys.stderr`` in a magic file object that strips out ANSI escape sequences
+  before printing them. This happens on all platforms, and can be convenient if
+  you want to write your code to emit ANSI escape sequences unconditionally, and
+  let Colorama decide whether they should actually be output. But note that
+  Colorama's heuristic is not particularly clever.
+
+- ``init`` also accepts explicit keyword args to enable/disable various
+  functionality – see below.
+
+To stop using Colorama before your program exits, simply call ``deinit()``.
+This will restore ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` to their original values, so that
+Colorama is disabled. To resume using Colorama again, call ``reinit()``; it is
+cheaper than calling ``init()`` again (but does the same thing).
+
+Most users should depend on ``colorama >= 0.4.6``, and use
+``just_fix_windows_console``. The old ``init`` interface will be supported
+indefinitely for backwards compatibility, but we don't plan to fix any issues
+with it, also for backwards compatibility.
+
+Colored Output
+..............
+
+Cross-platform printing of colored text can then be done using Colorama's
+constant shorthand for ANSI escape sequences. These are deliberately
+rudimentary, see below.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from colorama import Fore, Back, Style
+    print(Fore.RED + 'some red text')
+    print(Back.GREEN + 'and with a green background')
+    print(Style.DIM + 'and in dim text')
+    print(Style.RESET_ALL)
+    print('back to normal now')
+
+...or simply by manually printing ANSI sequences from your own code:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    print('\033[31m' + 'some red text')
+    print('\033[39m') # and reset to default color
+
+...or, Colorama can be used in conjunction with existing ANSI libraries
+such as the venerable `Termcolor <https://pypi.org/project/termcolor/>`_
+the fabulous `Blessings <https://pypi.org/project/blessings/>`_,
+or the incredible `_Rich <https://pypi.org/project/rich/>`_.
+
+If you wish Colorama's Fore, Back and Style constants were more capable,
+then consider using one of the above highly capable libraries to generate
+colors, etc, and use Colorama just for its primary purpose: to convert
+those ANSI sequences to also work on Windows:
+
+SIMILARLY, do not send PRs adding the generation of new ANSI types to Colorama.
+We are only interested in converting ANSI codes to win32 API calls, not
+shortcuts like the above to generate ANSI characters.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from colorama import just_fix_windows_console
+    from termcolor import colored
+
+    # use Colorama to make Termcolor work on Windows too
+    just_fix_windows_console()
+
+    # then use Termcolor for all colored text output
+    print(colored('Hello, World!', 'green', 'on_red'))
+
+Available formatting constants are::
+
+    Fore: BLACK, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, MAGENTA, CYAN, WHITE, RESET.
+    Back: BLACK, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, MAGENTA, CYAN, WHITE, RESET.
+    Style: DIM, NORMAL, BRIGHT, RESET_ALL
+
+``Style.RESET_ALL`` resets foreground, background, and brightness. Colorama will
+perform this reset automatically on program exit.
+
+These are fairly well supported, but not part of the standard::
+
+    Fore: LIGHTBLACK_EX, LIGHTRED_EX, LIGHTGREEN_EX, LIGHTYELLOW_EX, LIGHTBLUE_EX, LIGHTMAGENTA_EX, LIGHTCYAN_EX, LIGHTWHITE_EX
+    Back: LIGHTBLACK_EX, LIGHTRED_EX, LIGHTGREEN_EX, LIGHTYELLOW_EX, LIGHTBLUE_EX, LIGHTMAGENTA_EX, LIGHTCYAN_EX, LIGHTWHITE_EX
+
+Cursor Positioning
+..................
+
+ANSI codes to reposition the cursor are supported. See ``demos/demo06.py`` for
+an example of how to generate them.
+
+Init Keyword Args
+.................
+
+``init()`` accepts some ``**kwargs`` to override default behaviour.
+
+init(autoreset=False):
+    If you find yourself repeatedly sending reset sequences to turn off color
+    changes at the end of every print, then ``init(autoreset=True)`` will
+    automate that:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        from colorama import init
+        init(autoreset=True)
+        print(Fore.RED + 'some red text')
+        print('automatically back to default color again')
+
+init(strip=None):
+    Pass ``True`` or ``False`` to override whether ANSI codes should be
+    stripped from the output. The default behaviour is to strip if on Windows
+    or if output is redirected (not a tty).
+
+init(convert=None):
+    Pass ``True`` or ``False`` to override whether to convert ANSI codes in the
+    output into win32 calls. The default behaviour is to convert if on Windows
+    and output is to a tty (terminal).
+
+init(wrap=True):
+    On Windows, Colorama works by replacing ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``
+    with proxy objects, which override the ``.write()`` method to do their work.
+    If this wrapping causes you problems, then this can be disabled by passing
+    ``init(wrap=False)``. The default behaviour is to wrap if ``autoreset`` or
+    ``strip`` or ``convert`` are True.
+
+    When wrapping is disabled, colored printing on non-Windows platforms will
+    continue to work as normal. To do cross-platform colored output, you can
+    use Colorama's ``AnsiToWin32`` proxy directly:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        import sys
+        from colorama import init, AnsiToWin32
+        init(wrap=False)
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(sys.stderr).stream
+
+        # Python 2
+        print >>stream, Fore.BLUE + 'blue text on stderr'
+
+        # Python 3
+        print(Fore.BLUE + 'blue text on stderr', file=stream)
+
+Recognised ANSI Sequences
+.........................
+
+ANSI sequences generally take the form::
+
+    ESC [ <param> ; <param> ... <command>
+
+Where ``<param>`` is an integer, and ``<command>`` is a single letter. Zero or
+more params are passed to a ``<command>``. If no params are passed, it is
+generally synonymous with passing a single zero. No spaces exist in the
+sequence; they have been inserted here simply to read more easily.
+
+The only ANSI sequences that Colorama converts into win32 calls are::
+
+    ESC [ 0 m       # reset all (colors and brightness)
+    ESC [ 1 m       # bright
+    ESC [ 2 m       # dim (looks same as normal brightness)
+    ESC [ 22 m      # normal brightness
+
+    # FOREGROUND:
+    ESC [ 30 m      # black
+    ESC [ 31 m      # red
+    ESC [ 32 m      # green
+    ESC [ 33 m      # yellow
+    ESC [ 34 m      # blue
+    ESC [ 35 m      # magenta
+    ESC [ 36 m      # cyan
+    ESC [ 37 m      # white
+    ESC [ 39 m      # reset
+
+    # BACKGROUND
+    ESC [ 40 m      # black
+    ESC [ 41 m      # red
+    ESC [ 42 m      # green
+    ESC [ 43 m      # yellow
+    ESC [ 44 m      # blue
+    ESC [ 45 m      # magenta
+    ESC [ 46 m      # cyan
+    ESC [ 47 m      # white
+    ESC [ 49 m      # reset
+
+    # cursor positioning
+    ESC [ y;x H     # position cursor at x across, y down
+    ESC [ y;x f     # position cursor at x across, y down
+    ESC [ n A       # move cursor n lines up
+    ESC [ n B       # move cursor n lines down
+    ESC [ n C       # move cursor n characters forward
+    ESC [ n D       # move cursor n characters backward
+
+    # clear the screen
+    ESC [ mode J    # clear the screen
+
+    # clear the line
+    ESC [ mode K    # clear the line
+
+Multiple numeric params to the ``'m'`` command can be combined into a single
+sequence::
+
+    ESC [ 36 ; 45 ; 1 m     # bright cyan text on magenta background
+
+All other ANSI sequences of the form ``ESC [ <param> ; <param> ... <command>``
+are silently stripped from the output on Windows.
+
+Any other form of ANSI sequence, such as single-character codes or alternative
+initial characters, are not recognised or stripped. It would be cool to add
+them though. Let me know if it would be useful for you, via the Issues on
+GitHub.
+
+Status & Known Problems
+-----------------------
+
+I've personally only tested it on Windows XP (CMD, Console2), Ubuntu
+(gnome-terminal, xterm), and OS X.
+
+Some valid ANSI sequences aren't recognised.
+
+If you're hacking on the code, see `README-hacking.md`_. ESPECIALLY, see the
+explanation there of why we do not want PRs that allow Colorama to generate new
+types of ANSI codes.
+
+See outstanding issues and wish-list:
+https://github.com/tartley/colorama/issues
+
+If anything doesn't work for you, or doesn't do what you expected or hoped for,
+I'd love to hear about it on that issues list, would be delighted by patches,
+and would be happy to grant commit access to anyone who submits a working patch
+or two.
+
+.. _README-hacking.md: README-hacking.md
+
+License
+-------
+
+Copyright Jonathan Hartley & Arnon Yaari, 2013-2020. BSD 3-Clause license; see
+LICENSE file.
+
+Professional support
+--------------------
+
+.. |tideliftlogo| image:: https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/4008838/website/logos/logos_for_download/Tidelift_primary-shorthand-logo.png
+   :alt: Tidelift
+   :target: https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-colorama?utm_source=pypi-colorama&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 10 100
+
+   * - |tideliftlogo|
+     - Professional support for colorama is available as part of the
+       `Tidelift Subscription`_.
+       Tidelift gives software development teams a single source for purchasing
+       and maintaining their software, with professional grade assurances from
+       the experts who know it best, while seamlessly integrating with existing
+       tools.
+
+.. _Tidelift Subscription: https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-colorama?utm_source=pypi-colorama&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme
+
+Thanks
+------
+
+See the CHANGELOG for more thanks!
+
+* Marc Schlaich (schlamar) for a ``setup.py`` fix for Python2.5.
+* Marc Abramowitz, reported & fixed a crash on exit with closed ``stdout``,
+  providing a solution to issue #7's setuptools/distutils debate,
+  and other fixes.
+* User 'eryksun', for guidance on correctly instantiating ``ctypes.windll``.
+* Matthew McCormick for politely pointing out a longstanding crash on non-Win.
+* Ben Hoyt, for a magnificent fix under 64-bit Windows.
+* Jesse at Empty Square for submitting a fix for examples in the README.
+* User 'jamessp', an observant documentation fix for cursor positioning.
+* User 'vaal1239', Dave Mckee & Lackner Kristof for a tiny but much-needed Win7
+  fix.
+* Julien Stuyck, for wisely suggesting Python3 compatible updates to README.
+* Daniel Griffith for multiple fabulous patches.
+* Oscar Lesta for a valuable fix to stop ANSI chars being sent to non-tty
+  output.
+* Roger Binns, for many suggestions, valuable feedback, & bug reports.
+* Tim Golden for thought and much appreciated feedback on the initial idea.
+* User 'Zearin' for updates to the README file.
+* John Szakmeister for adding support for light colors
+* Charles Merriam for adding documentation to demos
+* Jurko for a fix on 64-bit Windows CPython2.5 w/o ctypes
+* Florian Bruhin for a fix when stdout or stderr are None
+* Thomas Weininger for fixing ValueError on Windows
+* Remi Rampin for better Github integration and fixes to the README file
+* Simeon Visser for closing a file handle using 'with' and updating classifiers
+  to include Python 3.3 and 3.4
+* Andy Neff for fixing RESET of LIGHT_EX colors.
+* Jonathan Hartley for the initial idea and implementation.
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90fb22472d76e90f91e3d23d5ab1490aceff040c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
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+colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/RECORD,,
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+colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt,sha256=ysNcAmhuXQSlpxQL-zs25zrtSWZW6JEQLkKIhteTAxg,1491
+colorama/__init__.py,sha256=wePQA4U20tKgYARySLEC047ucNX-g8pRLpYBuiHlLb8,266
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+colorama/tests/__init__.py,sha256=MkgPAEzGQd-Rq0w0PZXSX2LadRWhUECcisJY8lSrm4Q,75
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+colorama/tests/initialise_test.py,sha256=BbPy-XfyHwJ6zKozuQOvNvQZzsx9vdb_0bYXn7hsBTc,6741
+colorama/tests/isatty_test.py,sha256=Pg26LRpv0yQDB5Ac-sxgVXG7hsA1NYvapFgApZfYzZg,1866
+colorama/tests/utils.py,sha256=1IIRylG39z5-dzq09R_ngufxyPZxgldNbrxKxUGwGKE,1079
+colorama/tests/winterm_test.py,sha256=qoWFPEjym5gm2RuMwpf3pOis3a5r_PJZFCzK254JL8A,3709
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diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/REQUESTED b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d79189fda3251187de18c3998f23ae6fec11b20f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.11.1
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py2-none-any
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3105888ec149d10cad51c11d332779e94b548661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama-0.4.6.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) 2010 Jonathan Hartley
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holders, nor those of its contributors
+  may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+  specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..383101cdb38706c305449674044e9288b92b7d75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+from .initialise import init, deinit, reinit, colorama_text, just_fix_windows_console
+from .ansi import Fore, Back, Style, Cursor
+from .ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32
+
+__version__ = '0.4.6'
+
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/ansi.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/ansi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11ec695ff79627463a0282d25079527562de9e42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/ansi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+'''
+This module generates ANSI character codes to printing colors to terminals.
+See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code
+'''
+
+CSI = '\033['
+OSC = '\033]'
+BEL = '\a'
+
+
+def code_to_chars(code):
+    return CSI + str(code) + 'm'
+
+def set_title(title):
+    return OSC + '2;' + title + BEL
+
+def clear_screen(mode=2):
+    return CSI + str(mode) + 'J'
+
+def clear_line(mode=2):
+    return CSI + str(mode) + 'K'
+
+
+class AnsiCodes(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        # the subclasses declare class attributes which are numbers.
+        # Upon instantiation we define instance attributes, which are the same
+        # as the class attributes but wrapped with the ANSI escape sequence
+        for name in dir(self):
+            if not name.startswith('_'):
+                value = getattr(self, name)
+                setattr(self, name, code_to_chars(value))
+
+
+class AnsiCursor(object):
+    def UP(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'A'
+    def DOWN(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'B'
+    def FORWARD(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'C'
+    def BACK(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'D'
+    def POS(self, x=1, y=1):
+        return CSI + str(y) + ';' + str(x) + 'H'
+
+
+class AnsiFore(AnsiCodes):
+    BLACK           = 30
+    RED             = 31
+    GREEN           = 32
+    YELLOW          = 33
+    BLUE            = 34
+    MAGENTA         = 35
+    CYAN            = 36
+    WHITE           = 37
+    RESET           = 39
+
+    # These are fairly well supported, but not part of the standard.
+    LIGHTBLACK_EX   = 90
+    LIGHTRED_EX     = 91
+    LIGHTGREEN_EX   = 92
+    LIGHTYELLOW_EX  = 93
+    LIGHTBLUE_EX    = 94
+    LIGHTMAGENTA_EX = 95
+    LIGHTCYAN_EX    = 96
+    LIGHTWHITE_EX   = 97
+
+
+class AnsiBack(AnsiCodes):
+    BLACK           = 40
+    RED             = 41
+    GREEN           = 42
+    YELLOW          = 43
+    BLUE            = 44
+    MAGENTA         = 45
+    CYAN            = 46
+    WHITE           = 47
+    RESET           = 49
+
+    # These are fairly well supported, but not part of the standard.
+    LIGHTBLACK_EX   = 100
+    LIGHTRED_EX     = 101
+    LIGHTGREEN_EX   = 102
+    LIGHTYELLOW_EX  = 103
+    LIGHTBLUE_EX    = 104
+    LIGHTMAGENTA_EX = 105
+    LIGHTCYAN_EX    = 106
+    LIGHTWHITE_EX   = 107
+
+
+class AnsiStyle(AnsiCodes):
+    BRIGHT    = 1
+    DIM       = 2
+    NORMAL    = 22
+    RESET_ALL = 0
+
+Fore   = AnsiFore()
+Back   = AnsiBack()
+Style  = AnsiStyle()
+Cursor = AnsiCursor()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/ansitowin32.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/ansitowin32.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abf209e60c7c4a9b1ae57452e36b383969848c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/ansitowin32.py
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import re
+import sys
+import os
+
+from .ansi import AnsiFore, AnsiBack, AnsiStyle, Style, BEL
+from .winterm import enable_vt_processing, WinTerm, WinColor, WinStyle
+from .win32 import windll, winapi_test
+
+
+winterm = None
+if windll is not None:
+    winterm = WinTerm()
+
+
+class StreamWrapper(object):
+    '''
+    Wraps a stream (such as stdout), acting as a transparent proxy for all
+    attribute access apart from method 'write()', which is delegated to our
+    Converter instance.
+    '''
+    def __init__(self, wrapped, converter):
+        # double-underscore everything to prevent clashes with names of
+        # attributes on the wrapped stream object.
+        self.__wrapped = wrapped
+        self.__convertor = converter
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self.__wrapped, name)
+
+    def __enter__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        # special method lookup bypasses __getattr__/__getattribute__, see
+        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12632894/why-doesnt-getattr-work-with-exit
+        # thus, contextlib magic methods are not proxied via __getattr__
+        return self.__wrapped.__enter__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.__wrapped.__exit__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        self.__dict__ = state
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return self.__dict__
+
+    def write(self, text):
+        self.__convertor.write(text)
+
+    def isatty(self):
+        stream = self.__wrapped
+        if 'PYCHARM_HOSTED' in os.environ:
+            if stream is not None and (stream is sys.__stdout__ or stream is sys.__stderr__):
+                return True
+        try:
+            stream_isatty = stream.isatty
+        except AttributeError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return stream_isatty()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        stream = self.__wrapped
+        try:
+            return stream.closed
+        # AttributeError in the case that the stream doesn't support being closed
+        # ValueError for the case that the stream has already been detached when atexit runs
+        except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+            return True
+
+
+class AnsiToWin32(object):
+    '''
+    Implements a 'write()' method which, on Windows, will strip ANSI character
+    sequences from the text, and if outputting to a tty, will convert them into
+    win32 function calls.
+    '''
+    ANSI_CSI_RE = re.compile('\001?\033\\[((?:\\d|;)*)([a-zA-Z])\002?')   # Control Sequence Introducer
+    ANSI_OSC_RE = re.compile('\001?\033\\]([^\a]*)(\a)\002?')             # Operating System Command
+
+    def __init__(self, wrapped, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False):
+        # The wrapped stream (normally sys.stdout or sys.stderr)
+        self.wrapped = wrapped
+
+        # should we reset colors to defaults after every .write()
+        self.autoreset = autoreset
+
+        # create the proxy wrapping our output stream
+        self.stream = StreamWrapper(wrapped, self)
+
+        on_windows = os.name == 'nt'
+        # We test if the WinAPI works, because even if we are on Windows
+        # we may be using a terminal that doesn't support the WinAPI
+        # (e.g. Cygwin Terminal). In this case it's up to the terminal
+        # to support the ANSI codes.
+        conversion_supported = on_windows and winapi_test()
+        try:
+            fd = wrapped.fileno()
+        except Exception:
+            fd = -1
+        system_has_native_ansi = not on_windows or enable_vt_processing(fd)
+        have_tty = not self.stream.closed and self.stream.isatty()
+        need_conversion = conversion_supported and not system_has_native_ansi
+
+        # should we strip ANSI sequences from our output?
+        if strip is None:
+            strip = need_conversion or not have_tty
+        self.strip = strip
+
+        # should we should convert ANSI sequences into win32 calls?
+        if convert is None:
+            convert = need_conversion and have_tty
+        self.convert = convert
+
+        # dict of ansi codes to win32 functions and parameters
+        self.win32_calls = self.get_win32_calls()
+
+        # are we wrapping stderr?
+        self.on_stderr = self.wrapped is sys.stderr
+
+    def should_wrap(self):
+        '''
+        True if this class is actually needed. If false, then the output
+        stream will not be affected, nor will win32 calls be issued, so
+        wrapping stdout is not actually required. This will generally be
+        False on non-Windows platforms, unless optional functionality like
+        autoreset has been requested using kwargs to init()
+        '''
+        return self.convert or self.strip or self.autoreset
+
+    def get_win32_calls(self):
+        if self.convert and winterm:
+            return {
+                AnsiStyle.RESET_ALL: (winterm.reset_all, ),
+                AnsiStyle.BRIGHT: (winterm.style, WinStyle.BRIGHT),
+                AnsiStyle.DIM: (winterm.style, WinStyle.NORMAL),
+                AnsiStyle.NORMAL: (winterm.style, WinStyle.NORMAL),
+                AnsiFore.BLACK: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLACK),
+                AnsiFore.RED: (winterm.fore, WinColor.RED),
+                AnsiFore.GREEN: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREEN),
+                AnsiFore.YELLOW: (winterm.fore, WinColor.YELLOW),
+                AnsiFore.BLUE: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLUE),
+                AnsiFore.MAGENTA: (winterm.fore, WinColor.MAGENTA),
+                AnsiFore.CYAN: (winterm.fore, WinColor.CYAN),
+                AnsiFore.WHITE: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREY),
+                AnsiFore.RESET: (winterm.fore, ),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTBLACK_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLACK, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTRED_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.RED, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTGREEN_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREEN, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTYELLOW_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.YELLOW, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTBLUE_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLUE, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.MAGENTA, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTCYAN_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.CYAN, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTWHITE_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREY, True),
+                AnsiBack.BLACK: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLACK),
+                AnsiBack.RED: (winterm.back, WinColor.RED),
+                AnsiBack.GREEN: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREEN),
+                AnsiBack.YELLOW: (winterm.back, WinColor.YELLOW),
+                AnsiBack.BLUE: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLUE),
+                AnsiBack.MAGENTA: (winterm.back, WinColor.MAGENTA),
+                AnsiBack.CYAN: (winterm.back, WinColor.CYAN),
+                AnsiBack.WHITE: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREY),
+                AnsiBack.RESET: (winterm.back, ),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTBLACK_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLACK, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTRED_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.RED, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTGREEN_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREEN, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTYELLOW_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.YELLOW, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTBLUE_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLUE, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.MAGENTA, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTCYAN_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.CYAN, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTWHITE_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREY, True),
+            }
+        return dict()
+
+    def write(self, text):
+        if self.strip or self.convert:
+            self.write_and_convert(text)
+        else:
+            self.wrapped.write(text)
+            self.wrapped.flush()
+        if self.autoreset:
+            self.reset_all()
+
+
+    def reset_all(self):
+        if self.convert:
+            self.call_win32('m', (0,))
+        elif not self.strip and not self.stream.closed:
+            self.wrapped.write(Style.RESET_ALL)
+
+
+    def write_and_convert(self, text):
+        '''
+        Write the given text to our wrapped stream, stripping any ANSI
+        sequences from the text, and optionally converting them into win32
+        calls.
+        '''
+        cursor = 0
+        text = self.convert_osc(text)
+        for match in self.ANSI_CSI_RE.finditer(text):
+            start, end = match.span()
+            self.write_plain_text(text, cursor, start)
+            self.convert_ansi(*match.groups())
+            cursor = end
+        self.write_plain_text(text, cursor, len(text))
+
+
+    def write_plain_text(self, text, start, end):
+        if start < end:
+            self.wrapped.write(text[start:end])
+            self.wrapped.flush()
+
+
+    def convert_ansi(self, paramstring, command):
+        if self.convert:
+            params = self.extract_params(command, paramstring)
+            self.call_win32(command, params)
+
+
+    def extract_params(self, command, paramstring):
+        if command in 'Hf':
+            params = tuple(int(p) if len(p) != 0 else 1 for p in paramstring.split(';'))
+            while len(params) < 2:
+                # defaults:
+                params = params + (1,)
+        else:
+            params = tuple(int(p) for p in paramstring.split(';') if len(p) != 0)
+            if len(params) == 0:
+                # defaults:
+                if command in 'JKm':
+                    params = (0,)
+                elif command in 'ABCD':
+                    params = (1,)
+
+        return params
+
+
+    def call_win32(self, command, params):
+        if command == 'm':
+            for param in params:
+                if param in self.win32_calls:
+                    func_args = self.win32_calls[param]
+                    func = func_args[0]
+                    args = func_args[1:]
+                    kwargs = dict(on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+                    func(*args, **kwargs)
+        elif command in 'J':
+            winterm.erase_screen(params[0], on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+        elif command in 'K':
+            winterm.erase_line(params[0], on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+        elif command in 'Hf':     # cursor position - absolute
+            winterm.set_cursor_position(params, on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+        elif command in 'ABCD':   # cursor position - relative
+            n = params[0]
+            # A - up, B - down, C - forward, D - back
+            x, y = {'A': (0, -n), 'B': (0, n), 'C': (n, 0), 'D': (-n, 0)}[command]
+            winterm.cursor_adjust(x, y, on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+
+
+    def convert_osc(self, text):
+        for match in self.ANSI_OSC_RE.finditer(text):
+            start, end = match.span()
+            text = text[:start] + text[end:]
+            paramstring, command = match.groups()
+            if command == BEL:
+                if paramstring.count(";") == 1:
+                    params = paramstring.split(";")
+                    # 0 - change title and icon (we will only change title)
+                    # 1 - change icon (we don't support this)
+                    # 2 - change title
+                    if params[0] in '02':
+                        winterm.set_title(params[1])
+        return text
+
+
+    def flush(self):
+        self.wrapped.flush()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/initialise.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/initialise.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5fd4b71fed1bb4871717f978f0c470280f099c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/initialise.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import atexit
+import contextlib
+import sys
+
+from .ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32
+
+
+def _wipe_internal_state_for_tests():
+    global orig_stdout, orig_stderr
+    orig_stdout = None
+    orig_stderr = None
+
+    global wrapped_stdout, wrapped_stderr
+    wrapped_stdout = None
+    wrapped_stderr = None
+
+    global atexit_done
+    atexit_done = False
+
+    global fixed_windows_console
+    fixed_windows_console = False
+
+    try:
+        # no-op if it wasn't registered
+        atexit.unregister(reset_all)
+    except AttributeError:
+        # python 2: no atexit.unregister. Oh well, we did our best.
+        pass
+
+
+def reset_all():
+    if AnsiToWin32 is not None:    # Issue #74: objects might become None at exit
+        AnsiToWin32(orig_stdout).reset_all()
+
+
+def init(autoreset=False, convert=None, strip=None, wrap=True):
+
+    if not wrap and any([autoreset, convert, strip]):
+        raise ValueError('wrap=False conflicts with any other arg=True')
+
+    global wrapped_stdout, wrapped_stderr
+    global orig_stdout, orig_stderr
+
+    orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+    orig_stderr = sys.stderr
+
+    if sys.stdout is None:
+        wrapped_stdout = None
+    else:
+        sys.stdout = wrapped_stdout = \
+            wrap_stream(orig_stdout, convert, strip, autoreset, wrap)
+    if sys.stderr is None:
+        wrapped_stderr = None
+    else:
+        sys.stderr = wrapped_stderr = \
+            wrap_stream(orig_stderr, convert, strip, autoreset, wrap)
+
+    global atexit_done
+    if not atexit_done:
+        atexit.register(reset_all)
+        atexit_done = True
+
+
+def deinit():
+    if orig_stdout is not None:
+        sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+    if orig_stderr is not None:
+        sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+
+def just_fix_windows_console():
+    global fixed_windows_console
+
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        return
+    if fixed_windows_console:
+        return
+    if wrapped_stdout is not None or wrapped_stderr is not None:
+        # Someone already ran init() and it did stuff, so we won't second-guess them
+        return
+
+    # On newer versions of Windows, AnsiToWin32.__init__ will implicitly enable the
+    # native ANSI support in the console as a side-effect. We only need to actually
+    # replace sys.stdout/stderr if we're in the old-style conversion mode.
+    new_stdout = AnsiToWin32(sys.stdout, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False)
+    if new_stdout.convert:
+        sys.stdout = new_stdout
+    new_stderr = AnsiToWin32(sys.stderr, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False)
+    if new_stderr.convert:
+        sys.stderr = new_stderr
+
+    fixed_windows_console = True
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def colorama_text(*args, **kwargs):
+    init(*args, **kwargs)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        deinit()
+
+
+def reinit():
+    if wrapped_stdout is not None:
+        sys.stdout = wrapped_stdout
+    if wrapped_stderr is not None:
+        sys.stderr = wrapped_stderr
+
+
+def wrap_stream(stream, convert, strip, autoreset, wrap):
+    if wrap:
+        wrapper = AnsiToWin32(stream,
+            convert=convert, strip=strip, autoreset=autoreset)
+        if wrapper.should_wrap():
+            stream = wrapper.stream
+    return stream
+
+
+# Use this for initial setup as well, to reduce code duplication
+_wipe_internal_state_for_tests()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c5661e93a205bf4fb22404d4fc50f902cc31369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a20c80f882066e0e1323b0c7f61e22913c32e35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+from ..ansi import Back, Fore, Style
+from ..ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32
+
+stdout_orig = sys.stdout
+stderr_orig = sys.stderr
+
+
+class AnsiTest(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # sanity check: stdout should be a file or StringIO object.
+        # It will only be AnsiToWin32 if init() has previously wrapped it
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(sys.stdout), AnsiToWin32)
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(sys.stderr), AnsiToWin32)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        sys.stdout = stdout_orig
+        sys.stderr = stderr_orig
+
+
+    def testForeAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.BLACK, '\033[30m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.RED, '\033[31m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.GREEN, '\033[32m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.YELLOW, '\033[33m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.BLUE, '\033[34m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.MAGENTA, '\033[35m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.CYAN, '\033[36m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.WHITE, '\033[37m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.RESET, '\033[39m')
+
+        # Check the light, extended versions.
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTBLACK_EX, '\033[90m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTRED_EX, '\033[91m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTGREEN_EX, '\033[92m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTYELLOW_EX, '\033[93m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTBLUE_EX, '\033[94m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX, '\033[95m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTCYAN_EX, '\033[96m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTWHITE_EX, '\033[97m')
+
+
+    def testBackAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Back.BLACK, '\033[40m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.RED, '\033[41m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.GREEN, '\033[42m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.YELLOW, '\033[43m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.BLUE, '\033[44m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.MAGENTA, '\033[45m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.CYAN, '\033[46m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.WHITE, '\033[47m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.RESET, '\033[49m')
+
+        # Check the light, extended versions.
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTBLACK_EX, '\033[100m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTRED_EX, '\033[101m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTGREEN_EX, '\033[102m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTYELLOW_EX, '\033[103m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTBLUE_EX, '\033[104m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX, '\033[105m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTCYAN_EX, '\033[106m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTWHITE_EX, '\033[107m')
+
+
+    def testStyleAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Style.DIM, '\033[2m')
+        self.assertEqual(Style.NORMAL, '\033[22m')
+        self.assertEqual(Style.BRIGHT, '\033[1m')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91ca551f97b4576c680711e826a1855fb944c872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+from io import StringIO, TextIOWrapper
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+try:
+    from contextlib import ExitStack
+except ImportError:
+    # python 2
+    from contextlib2 import ExitStack
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32, StreamWrapper
+from ..win32 import ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING
+from .utils import osname
+
+
+class StreamWrapperTest(TestCase):
+
+    def testIsAProxy(self):
+        mockStream = Mock()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(mockStream, None)
+        self.assertTrue( wrapper.random_attr is mockStream.random_attr )
+
+    def testDelegatesWrite(self):
+        mockStream = Mock()
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(mockStream, mockConverter)
+        wrapper.write('hello')
+        self.assertTrue(mockConverter.write.call_args, (('hello',), {}))
+
+    def testDelegatesContext(self):
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        s = StringIO()
+        with StreamWrapper(s, mockConverter) as fp:
+            fp.write(u'hello')
+        self.assertTrue(s.closed)
+
+    def testProxyNoContextManager(self):
+        mockStream = MagicMock()
+        mockStream.__enter__.side_effect = AttributeError()
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as excinfo:
+            with StreamWrapper(mockStream, mockConverter) as wrapper:
+                wrapper.write('hello')
+
+    def test_closed_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_stream(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        stream.close()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(stream, None)
+        self.assertEqual(wrapper.closed, True)
+
+    def test_closed_shouldnt_raise_on_detached_stream(self):
+        stream = TextIOWrapper(StringIO())
+        stream.detach()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(stream, None)
+        self.assertEqual(wrapper.closed, True)
+
+class AnsiToWin32Test(TestCase):
+
+    def testInit(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        auto = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout, autoreset=auto)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.wrapped, mockStdout)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.autoreset, auto)
+
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winterm', None)
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: True)
+    def testStripIsTrueOnWindows(self):
+        with osname('nt'):
+            mockStdout = Mock()
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.strip)
+
+    def testStripIsFalseOffWindows(self):
+        with osname('posix'):
+            mockStdout = Mock(closed=False)
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.strip)
+
+    def testWriteStripsAnsi(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+        stream.wrapped = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert = Mock()
+        stream.strip = True
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertFalse(stream.wrapped.write.called)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.write_and_convert.call_args, (('abc',), {}))
+
+    def testWriteDoesNotStripAnsi(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+        stream.wrapped = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert = Mock()
+        stream.strip = False
+        stream.convert = False
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertFalse(stream.write_and_convert.called)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.wrapped.write.call_args, (('abc',), {}))
+
+    def assert_autoresets(self, convert, autoreset=True):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.convert = convert
+        stream.reset_all = Mock()
+        stream.autoreset = autoreset
+        stream.winterm = Mock()
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertEqual(stream.reset_all.called, autoreset)
+
+    def testWriteAutoresets(self):
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=True)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=False)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=True, autoreset=False)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=False, autoreset=False)
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertWritesPlainText(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.write_and_convert( 'abc' )
+        self.assertEqual( stream.wrapped.write.call_args, (('abc',), {}) )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertStripsAllValidAnsi(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        data = [
+            'abc\033[mdef',
+            'abc\033[0mdef',
+            'abc\033[2mdef',
+            'abc\033[02mdef',
+            'abc\033[002mdef',
+            'abc\033[40mdef',
+            'abc\033[040mdef',
+            'abc\033[0;1mdef',
+            'abc\033[40;50mdef',
+            'abc\033[50;30;40mdef',
+            'abc\033[Adef',
+            'abc\033[0Gdef',
+            'abc\033[1;20;128Hdef',
+        ]
+        for datum in data:
+            stream.wrapped.write.reset_mock()
+            stream.write_and_convert( datum )
+            self.assertEqual(
+               [args[0] for args in stream.wrapped.write.call_args_list],
+               [ ('abc',), ('def',) ]
+            )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertSkipsEmptySnippets(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert( '\033[40m\033[41m' )
+        self.assertFalse( stream.wrapped.write.called )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertCallsWin32WithParamsAndCommand(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.convert = True
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        stream.extract_params = Mock(return_value='params')
+        data = {
+            'abc\033[adef':         ('a', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[;;bdef':       ('b', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[0cdef':        ('c', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[;;0;;Gdef':    ('G', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[1;20;128Hdef': ('H', 'params'),
+        }
+        for datum, expected in data.items():
+            stream.call_win32.reset_mock()
+            stream.write_and_convert( datum )
+            self.assertEqual( stream.call_win32.call_args[0], expected )
+
+    def test_reset_all_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_orig_stdout(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        converter = AnsiToWin32(stream)
+        stream.close()
+
+        converter.reset_all()
+
+    def test_wrap_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_orig_stdout(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        stream.close()
+        with \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt"), \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True):
+                converter = AnsiToWin32(stream)
+        self.assertTrue(converter.strip)
+        self.assertFalse(converter.convert)
+
+    def test_wrap_shouldnt_raise_on_missing_closed_attr(self):
+        with \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt"), \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True):
+                converter = AnsiToWin32(object())
+        self.assertTrue(converter.strip)
+        self.assertFalse(converter.convert)
+
+    def testExtractParams(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        data = {
+            '':               (0,),
+            ';;':             (0,),
+            '2':              (2,),
+            ';;002;;':        (2,),
+            '0;1':            (0, 1),
+            ';;003;;456;;':   (3, 456),
+            '11;22;33;44;55': (11, 22, 33, 44, 55),
+        }
+        for datum, expected in data.items():
+            self.assertEqual(stream.extract_params('m', datum), expected)
+
+    def testCallWin32UsesLookup(self):
+        listener = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(listener)
+        stream.win32_calls = {
+            1: (lambda *_, **__: listener(11),),
+            2: (lambda *_, **__: listener(22),),
+            3: (lambda *_, **__: listener(33),),
+        }
+        stream.call_win32('m', (3, 1, 99, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [a[0][0] for a in listener.call_args_list],
+            [33, 11, 22] )
+
+    def test_osc_codes(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout, convert=True)
+        with patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winterm') as winterm:
+            data = [
+                '\033]0\x07',                      # missing arguments
+                '\033]0;foo\x08',                  # wrong OSC command
+                '\033]0;colorama_test_title\x07',  # should work
+                '\033]1;colorama_test_title\x07',  # wrong set command
+                '\033]2;colorama_test_title\x07',  # should work
+                '\033]' + ';' * 64 + '\x08',       # see issue #247
+            ]
+            for code in data:
+                stream.write(code)
+            self.assertEqual(winterm.set_title.call_count, 2)
+
+    def test_native_windows_ansi(self):
+        with ExitStack() as stack:
+            def p(a, b):
+                stack.enter_context(patch(a, b, create=True))
+            # Pretend to be on Windows
+            p("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt")
+            p("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+            p("colorama.win32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.windll", "non-None")
+            p("colorama.winterm.get_osfhandle", lambda _: 1234)
+
+            # Pretend that our mock stream has native ANSI support
+            p(
+                "colorama.winterm.win32.GetConsoleMode",
+                lambda _: ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING,
+            )
+            SetConsoleMode = Mock()
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.SetConsoleMode", SetConsoleMode)
+
+            stdout = Mock()
+            stdout.closed = False
+            stdout.isatty.return_value = True
+            stdout.fileno.return_value = 1
+
+            # Our fake console says it has native vt support, so AnsiToWin32 should
+            # enable that support and do nothing else.
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(stdout)
+            SetConsoleMode.assert_called_with(1234, ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.strip)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.convert)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.should_wrap())
+
+            # Now let's pretend we're on an old Windows console, that doesn't have
+            # native ANSI support.
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.GetConsoleMode", lambda _: 0)
+            SetConsoleMode = Mock()
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.SetConsoleMode", SetConsoleMode)
+
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(stdout)
+            SetConsoleMode.assert_called_with(1234, ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.strip)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.convert)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.should_wrap())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..89f9b07511c8fee74686d9cc434bf66345a46d6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main, skipUnless
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import patch, Mock
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import patch, Mock
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import StreamWrapper
+from ..initialise import init, just_fix_windows_console, _wipe_internal_state_for_tests
+from .utils import osname, replace_by
+
+orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+orig_stderr = sys.stderr
+
+
+class InitTest(TestCase):
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.stdout.isatty(), "sys.stdout is not a tty")
+    def setUp(self):
+        # sanity check
+        self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        _wipe_internal_state_for_tests()
+        sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+        sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+    def assertWrapped(self):
+        self.assertIsNot(sys.stdout, orig_stdout, 'stdout should be wrapped')
+        self.assertIsNot(sys.stderr, orig_stderr, 'stderr should be wrapped')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(sys.stdout, StreamWrapper),
+            'bad stdout wrapper')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(sys.stderr, StreamWrapper),
+            'bad stderr wrapper')
+
+    def assertNotWrapped(self):
+        self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout, 'stdout should not be wrapped')
+        self.assertIs(sys.stderr, orig_stderr, 'stderr should not be wrapped')
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.reset_all')
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: True)
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.enable_vt_processing', lambda *_: False)
+    def testInitWrapsOnWindows(self, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+            self.assertWrapped()
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.reset_all')
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: False)
+    def testInitDoesntWrapOnEmulatedWindows(self, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitDoesntWrapOnNonWindows(self):
+        with osname("posix"):
+            init()
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitDoesntWrapIfNone(self):
+        with replace_by(None):
+            init()
+            # We can't use assertNotWrapped here because replace_by(None)
+            # changes stdout/stderr already.
+            self.assertIsNone(sys.stdout)
+            self.assertIsNone(sys.stderr)
+
+    def testInitAutoresetOnWrapsOnAllPlatforms(self):
+        with osname("posix"):
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertWrapped()
+
+    def testInitWrapOffDoesntWrapOnWindows(self):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init(wrap=False)
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitWrapOffIncompatibleWithAutoresetOn(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: init(autoreset=True, wrap=False))
+
+    @patch('colorama.win32.SetConsoleTextAttribute')
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.AnsiToWin32')
+    def testAutoResetPassedOn(self, mockATW32, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[1][1]['autoreset'], True)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[0][1]['autoreset'], True)
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.AnsiToWin32')
+    def testAutoResetChangeable(self, mockATW32):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 4)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[2][1]['autoreset'], True)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[3][1]['autoreset'], True)
+
+            init()
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 6)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                mockATW32.call_args_list[4][1]['autoreset'], False)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                mockATW32.call_args_list[5][1]['autoreset'], False)
+
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.atexit.register')
+    def testAtexitRegisteredOnlyOnce(self, mockRegister):
+        init()
+        self.assertTrue(mockRegister.called)
+        mockRegister.reset_mock()
+        init()
+        self.assertFalse(mockRegister.called)
+
+
+class JustFixWindowsConsoleTest(TestCase):
+    def _reset(self):
+        _wipe_internal_state_for_tests()
+        sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+        sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self._reset()
+
+    @patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+    def testJustFixWindowsConsole(self):
+        if sys.platform != "win32":
+            # just_fix_windows_console should be a no-op
+            just_fix_windows_console()
+            self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout)
+            self.assertIs(sys.stderr, orig_stderr)
+        else:
+            def fake_std():
+                # Emulate stdout=not a tty, stderr=tty
+                # to check that we handle both cases correctly
+                stdout = Mock()
+                stdout.closed = False
+                stdout.isatty.return_value = False
+                stdout.fileno.return_value = 1
+                sys.stdout = stdout
+
+                stderr = Mock()
+                stderr.closed = False
+                stderr.isatty.return_value = True
+                stderr.fileno.return_value = 2
+                sys.stderr = stderr
+
+            for native_ansi in [False, True]:
+                with patch(
+                    'colorama.ansitowin32.enable_vt_processing',
+                    lambda *_: native_ansi
+                ):
+                    self._reset()
+                    fake_std()
+
+                    # Regular single-call test
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stdout, prev_stdout)
+                    if native_ansi:
+                        self.assertIs(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+                    else:
+                        self.assertIsNot(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+
+                    # second call without resetting is always a no-op
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stdout, prev_stdout)
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+
+                    self._reset()
+                    fake_std()
+
+                    # If init() runs first, just_fix_windows_console should be a no-op
+                    init()
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(prev_stdout, sys.stdout)
+                    self.assertIs(prev_stderr, sys.stderr)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f84e4befe550d4386d24264648abf1323e682ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import StreamWrapper, AnsiToWin32
+from .utils import pycharm, replace_by, replace_original_by, StreamTTY, StreamNonTTY
+
+
+def is_a_tty(stream):
+    return StreamWrapper(stream, None).isatty()
+
+class IsattyTest(TestCase):
+
+    def test_TTY(self):
+        tty = StreamTTY()
+        self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+
+    def test_nonTTY(self):
+        non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+        self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharm(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(sys.stderr))
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(sys.stdout))
+
+    def test_withPycharmTTYOverride(self):
+        tty = StreamTTY()
+        with pycharm(), replace_by(tty):
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharmNonTTYOverride(self):
+        non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+        with pycharm(), replace_by(non_tty):
+            self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharmNoneOverride(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            with replace_by(None), replace_original_by(None):
+                self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(None))
+                self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(StreamNonTTY()))
+                self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(StreamTTY()))
+
+    def test_withPycharmStreamWrapped(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(StreamTTY()).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertFalse(AnsiToWin32(StreamNonTTY()).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(sys.stdout).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(sys.stderr).stream.isatty())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/utils.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..472fafb4403efb9673d5cc724dafd9cf764aac5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from io import StringIO
+import sys
+import os
+
+
+class StreamTTY(StringIO):
+    def isatty(self):
+        return True
+
+class StreamNonTTY(StringIO):
+    def isatty(self):
+        return False
+
+@contextmanager
+def osname(name):
+    orig = os.name
+    os.name = name
+    yield
+    os.name = orig
+
+@contextmanager
+def replace_by(stream):
+    orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+    orig_stderr = sys.stderr
+    sys.stdout = stream
+    sys.stderr = stream
+    yield
+    sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+    sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+@contextmanager
+def replace_original_by(stream):
+    orig_stdout = sys.__stdout__
+    orig_stderr = sys.__stderr__
+    sys.__stdout__ = stream
+    sys.__stderr__ = stream
+    yield
+    sys.__stdout__ = orig_stdout
+    sys.__stderr__ = orig_stderr
+
+@contextmanager
+def pycharm():
+    os.environ["PYCHARM_HOSTED"] = "1"
+    non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+    with replace_by(non_tty), replace_original_by(non_tty):
+        yield
+    del os.environ["PYCHARM_HOSTED"]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0955f9e608377940f0d548576964f2fcf3caf48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main, skipUnless
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import Mock, patch
+
+from ..winterm import WinColor, WinStyle, WinTerm
+
+
+class WinTermTest(TestCase):
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testInit(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 7 + 6 * 16 + 8
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 6)
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 8)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testGetAttrs(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+
+        term._fore = 0
+        term._back = 0
+        term._style = 0
+        self.assertEqual(term.get_attrs(), 0)
+
+        term._fore = WinColor.YELLOW
+        self.assertEqual(term.get_attrs(), WinColor.YELLOW)
+
+        term._back = WinColor.MAGENTA
+        self.assertEqual(
+            term.get_attrs(),
+            WinColor.YELLOW + WinColor.MAGENTA * 16)
+
+        term._style = WinStyle.BRIGHT
+        self.assertEqual(
+            term.get_attrs(),
+            WinColor.YELLOW + WinColor.MAGENTA * 16 + WinStyle.BRIGHT)
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testResetAll(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 1 + 2 * 16 + 8
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._fore = -1
+        term._back = -1
+        term._style = -1
+
+        term.reset_all()
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 8)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testFore(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._fore = 0
+
+        term.fore(5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testBack(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._back = 0
+
+        term.back(5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testStyle(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._style = 0
+
+        term.style(22)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 22)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testSetConsole(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 0
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.windll = Mock()
+
+        term.set_console()
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            mockWin32.SetConsoleTextAttribute.call_args,
+            ((mockWin32.STDOUT, term.get_attrs()), {})
+        )
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testSetConsoleOnStderr(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 0
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.windll = Mock()
+
+        term.set_console(on_stderr=True)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            mockWin32.SetConsoleTextAttribute.call_args,
+            ((mockWin32.STDERR, term.get_attrs()), {})
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/win32.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/win32.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..841b0e270a381cdfaca544a9be976d7276d83b1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/win32.py
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+
+# from winbase.h
+STDOUT = -11
+STDERR = -12
+
+ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING = 0x0004
+
+try:
+    import ctypes
+    from ctypes import LibraryLoader
+    windll = LibraryLoader(ctypes.WinDLL)
+    from ctypes import wintypes
+except (AttributeError, ImportError):
+    windll = None
+    SetConsoleTextAttribute = lambda *_: None
+    winapi_test = lambda *_: None
+else:
+    from ctypes import byref, Structure, c_char, POINTER
+
+    COORD = wintypes._COORD
+
+    class CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO(Structure):
+        """struct in wincon.h."""
+        _fields_ = [
+            ("dwSize", COORD),
+            ("dwCursorPosition", COORD),
+            ("wAttributes", wintypes.WORD),
+            ("srWindow", wintypes.SMALL_RECT),
+            ("dwMaximumWindowSize", COORD),
+        ]
+        def __str__(self):
+            return '(%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d)' % (
+                self.dwSize.Y, self.dwSize.X
+                , self.dwCursorPosition.Y, self.dwCursorPosition.X
+                , self.wAttributes
+                , self.srWindow.Top, self.srWindow.Left, self.srWindow.Bottom, self.srWindow.Right
+                , self.dwMaximumWindowSize.Y, self.dwMaximumWindowSize.X
+            )
+
+    _GetStdHandle = windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle
+    _GetStdHandle.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.DWORD,
+    ]
+    _GetStdHandle.restype = wintypes.HANDLE
+
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        POINTER(CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO),
+    ]
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleTextAttribute = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute
+    _SetConsoleTextAttribute.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        wintypes.WORD,
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleTextAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleCursorPosition = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCursorPosition
+    _SetConsoleCursorPosition.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        COORD,
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleCursorPosition.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputCharacterA
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        c_char,
+        wintypes.DWORD,
+        COORD,
+        POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+    ]
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        wintypes.WORD,
+        wintypes.DWORD,
+        COORD,
+        POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+    ]
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleTitleW = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW
+    _SetConsoleTitleW.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.LPCWSTR
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleTitleW.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _GetConsoleMode = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleMode
+    _GetConsoleMode.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)
+    ]
+    _GetConsoleMode.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleMode = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleMode
+    _SetConsoleMode.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        wintypes.DWORD
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleMode.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    def _winapi_test(handle):
+        csbi = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO()
+        success = _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
+            handle, byref(csbi))
+        return bool(success)
+
+    def winapi_test():
+        return any(_winapi_test(h) for h in
+                   (_GetStdHandle(STDOUT), _GetStdHandle(STDERR)))
+
+    def GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stream_id=STDOUT):
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        csbi = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO()
+        success = _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
+            handle, byref(csbi))
+        return csbi
+
+    def SetConsoleTextAttribute(stream_id, attrs):
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        return _SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, attrs)
+
+    def SetConsoleCursorPosition(stream_id, position, adjust=True):
+        position = COORD(*position)
+        # If the position is out of range, do nothing.
+        if position.Y <= 0 or position.X <= 0:
+            return
+        # Adjust for Windows' SetConsoleCursorPosition:
+        #    1. being 0-based, while ANSI is 1-based.
+        #    2. expecting (x,y), while ANSI uses (y,x).
+        adjusted_position = COORD(position.Y - 1, position.X - 1)
+        if adjust:
+            # Adjust for viewport's scroll position
+            sr = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(STDOUT).srWindow
+            adjusted_position.Y += sr.Top
+            adjusted_position.X += sr.Left
+        # Resume normal processing
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        return _SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, adjusted_position)
+
+    def FillConsoleOutputCharacter(stream_id, char, length, start):
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        char = c_char(char.encode())
+        length = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+        num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+        # Note that this is hard-coded for ANSI (vs wide) bytes.
+        success = _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA(
+            handle, char, length, start, byref(num_written))
+        return num_written.value
+
+    def FillConsoleOutputAttribute(stream_id, attr, length, start):
+        ''' FillConsoleOutputAttribute( hConsole, csbi.wAttributes, dwConSize, coordScreen, &cCharsWritten )'''
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        attribute = wintypes.WORD(attr)
+        length = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+        num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+        # Note that this is hard-coded for ANSI (vs wide) bytes.
+        return _FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            handle, attribute, length, start, byref(num_written))
+
+    def SetConsoleTitle(title):
+        return _SetConsoleTitleW(title)
+
+    def GetConsoleMode(handle):
+        mode = wintypes.DWORD()
+        success = _GetConsoleMode(handle, byref(mode))
+        if not success:
+            raise ctypes.WinError()
+        return mode.value
+
+    def SetConsoleMode(handle, mode):
+        success = _SetConsoleMode(handle, mode)
+        if not success:
+            raise ctypes.WinError()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/winterm.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/winterm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aad867e8c80b826bf6a060116f17fa08a8eb0765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/colorama/winterm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+try:
+    from msvcrt import get_osfhandle
+except ImportError:
+    def get_osfhandle(_):
+        raise OSError("This isn't windows!")
+
+
+from . import win32
+
+# from wincon.h
+class WinColor(object):
+    BLACK   = 0
+    BLUE    = 1
+    GREEN   = 2
+    CYAN    = 3
+    RED     = 4
+    MAGENTA = 5
+    YELLOW  = 6
+    GREY    = 7
+
+# from wincon.h
+class WinStyle(object):
+    NORMAL              = 0x00 # dim text, dim background
+    BRIGHT              = 0x08 # bright text, dim background
+    BRIGHT_BACKGROUND   = 0x80 # dim text, bright background
+
+class WinTerm(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._default = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(win32.STDOUT).wAttributes
+        self.set_attrs(self._default)
+        self._default_fore = self._fore
+        self._default_back = self._back
+        self._default_style = self._style
+        # In order to emulate LIGHT_EX in windows, we borrow the BRIGHT style.
+        # So that LIGHT_EX colors and BRIGHT style do not clobber each other,
+        # we track them separately, since LIGHT_EX is overwritten by Fore/Back
+        # and BRIGHT is overwritten by Style codes.
+        self._light = 0
+
+    def get_attrs(self):
+        return self._fore + self._back * 16 + (self._style | self._light)
+
+    def set_attrs(self, value):
+        self._fore = value & 7
+        self._back = (value >> 4) & 7
+        self._style = value & (WinStyle.BRIGHT | WinStyle.BRIGHT_BACKGROUND)
+
+    def reset_all(self, on_stderr=None):
+        self.set_attrs(self._default)
+        self.set_console(attrs=self._default)
+        self._light = 0
+
+    def fore(self, fore=None, light=False, on_stderr=False):
+        if fore is None:
+            fore = self._default_fore
+        self._fore = fore
+        # Emulate LIGHT_EX with BRIGHT Style
+        if light:
+            self._light |= WinStyle.BRIGHT
+        else:
+            self._light &= ~WinStyle.BRIGHT
+        self.set_console(on_stderr=on_stderr)
+
+    def back(self, back=None, light=False, on_stderr=False):
+        if back is None:
+            back = self._default_back
+        self._back = back
+        # Emulate LIGHT_EX with BRIGHT_BACKGROUND Style
+        if light:
+            self._light |= WinStyle.BRIGHT_BACKGROUND
+        else:
+            self._light &= ~WinStyle.BRIGHT_BACKGROUND
+        self.set_console(on_stderr=on_stderr)
+
+    def style(self, style=None, on_stderr=False):
+        if style is None:
+            style = self._default_style
+        self._style = style
+        self.set_console(on_stderr=on_stderr)
+
+    def set_console(self, attrs=None, on_stderr=False):
+        if attrs is None:
+            attrs = self.get_attrs()
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        win32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, attrs)
+
+    def get_position(self, handle):
+        position = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle).dwCursorPosition
+        # Because Windows coordinates are 0-based,
+        # and win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition expects 1-based.
+        position.X += 1
+        position.Y += 1
+        return position
+
+    def set_cursor_position(self, position=None, on_stderr=False):
+        if position is None:
+            # I'm not currently tracking the position, so there is no default.
+            # position = self.get_position()
+            return
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, position)
+
+    def cursor_adjust(self, x, y, on_stderr=False):
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        position = self.get_position(handle)
+        adjusted_position = (position.Y + y, position.X + x)
+        win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, adjusted_position, adjust=False)
+
+    def erase_screen(self, mode=0, on_stderr=False):
+        # 0 should clear from the cursor to the end of the screen.
+        # 1 should clear from the cursor to the beginning of the screen.
+        # 2 should clear the entire screen, and move cursor to (1,1)
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        csbi = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle)
+        # get the number of character cells in the current buffer
+        cells_in_screen = csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwSize.Y
+        # get number of character cells before current cursor position
+        cells_before_cursor = csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwCursorPosition.Y + csbi.dwCursorPosition.X
+        if mode == 0:
+            from_coord = csbi.dwCursorPosition
+            cells_to_erase = cells_in_screen - cells_before_cursor
+        elif mode == 1:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, 0)
+            cells_to_erase = cells_before_cursor
+        elif mode == 2:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, 0)
+            cells_to_erase = cells_in_screen
+        else:
+            # invalid mode
+            return
+        # fill the entire screen with blanks
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputCharacter(handle, ' ', cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+        # now set the buffer's attributes accordingly
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute(handle, self.get_attrs(), cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+        if mode == 2:
+            # put the cursor where needed
+            win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, (1, 1))
+
+    def erase_line(self, mode=0, on_stderr=False):
+        # 0 should clear from the cursor to the end of the line.
+        # 1 should clear from the cursor to the beginning of the line.
+        # 2 should clear the entire line.
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        csbi = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle)
+        if mode == 0:
+            from_coord = csbi.dwCursorPosition
+            cells_to_erase = csbi.dwSize.X - csbi.dwCursorPosition.X
+        elif mode == 1:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, csbi.dwCursorPosition.Y)
+            cells_to_erase = csbi.dwCursorPosition.X
+        elif mode == 2:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, csbi.dwCursorPosition.Y)
+            cells_to_erase = csbi.dwSize.X
+        else:
+            # invalid mode
+            return
+        # fill the entire screen with blanks
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputCharacter(handle, ' ', cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+        # now set the buffer's attributes accordingly
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute(handle, self.get_attrs(), cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+
+    def set_title(self, title):
+        win32.SetConsoleTitle(title)
+
+
+def enable_vt_processing(fd):
+    if win32.windll is None or not win32.winapi_test():
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        handle = get_osfhandle(fd)
+        mode = win32.GetConsoleMode(handle)
+        win32.SetConsoleMode(
+            handle,
+            mode | win32.ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING,
+        )
+
+        mode = win32.GetConsoleMode(handle)
+        if mode & win32.ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING:
+            return True
+    # Can get TypeError in testsuite where 'fd' is a Mock()
+    except (OSError, TypeError):
+        return False
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/distutils-precedence.pth b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/distutils-precedence.pth
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c659194195f07bd6f19b5522515551309af14a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/distutils-precedence.pth
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:2638ce9e2500e572a5e0de7faed6661eb569d1b696fcba07b0dd223da5f5d224
+size 151
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c69047b2eb8235994febeeae1da4a82365a240a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uv
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be678930af2d6c8e2cc7634c87f183698e9880c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: filelock
+Version: 3.29.6
+Summary: A platform independent file lock.
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://py-filelock.readthedocs.io
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/tox-dev/py-filelock
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/tox-dev/py-filelock
+Project-URL: Tracker, https://github.com/tox-dev/py-filelock/issues
+Maintainer-email: Bernát Gábor <gaborjbernat@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Keywords: application,cache,directory,log,user
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
+Classifier: Topic :: System
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# filelock
+
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/filelock)](https://pypi.org/project/filelock/)
+[![Supported Python versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/filelock.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/filelock/)
+[![Documentation status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/py-filelock/badge/?version=latest)](https://py-filelock.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
+[![Downloads](https://static.pepy.tech/badge/filelock/month)](https://pepy.tech/project/filelock)
+[![check](https://github.com/tox-dev/py-filelock/actions/workflows/check.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/tox-dev/py-filelock/actions/workflows/check.yaml)
+
+For more information checkout the [official documentation](https://py-filelock.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html).
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a1b89aeab5ce096509f4afba34b44480fd6faa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=5hhM4Q4mYTT9z6QB6PGpUAW81PGNFrYrdXMj4oM_6ak,2
+filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=QQLJgG-XjFHvnILkEsyh2OoQ9OhbkyouosqAs_9wIdU,1977
+filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/RECORD,,
+filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=mffPy8wBnZQn2VnJUU5jE99KsxaSfiyMHV9Yt0aLVxs,87
+filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=YIyJ1QYK6ZIa3M8yNmlbxlSplG4SMj72wCHfoE4pTUg,1088
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+filelock/_soft_rw/_sync.py,sha256=pX9ABKeUXQF8ltpxJO3d2zuigdHZnh1ewVOJOWb5eCc,40371
+filelock/_unix.py,sha256=zNmZv3F3Qqkl_r9rxI2S5s5eKdh3y6G1rHFb0a5G-Zc,4505
+filelock/_util.py,sha256=hOUcnuJ0hsM9tcsk_hHXwnfmfkxAf0USVqkjSiOBBes,4841
+filelock/_windows.py,sha256=kJFOenaffOP6Qza2b3-yxgiPiDcyroWnzz9STGkCrgM,3943
+filelock/asyncio.py,sha256=4HPfzyibgUK7AmBb7WJKA-MGX8y_ya8AXK5btwcaEfc,15528
+filelock/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+filelock/version.py,sha256=q5EyvwTL7rzuAFheFgy-DSW_f6bMEEFIeRloPAvCMAo,522
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/REQUESTED b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd842267444de3fff37e8c9981cd8662490531b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.30.1
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..291919c0b6f41d014767f6c877af9f7595fcff99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock-3.29.6.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 Bernát Gábor and contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d7739e471f8da3c5afb6307d288d878142c6fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""
+A platform independent file lock that supports the with-statement.
+
+.. autodata:: filelock.__version__
+    :no-value:
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from ._api import AcquireReturnProxy, BaseFileLock
+from ._error import Timeout
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._async_read_write import (
+        AsyncAcquireReadWriteReturnProxy,
+        AsyncReadWriteLock,
+    )
+    from ._read_write import ReadWriteLock
+else:
+    try:
+        from ._async_read_write import AsyncAcquireReadWriteReturnProxy, AsyncReadWriteLock
+        from ._read_write import ReadWriteLock
+    except ImportError:  # sqlite3 may be unavailable if Python was built without it or the C library is missing
+        AsyncAcquireReadWriteReturnProxy = None
+        AsyncReadWriteLock = None
+        ReadWriteLock = None
+
+from ._soft import SoftFileLock
+from ._soft_rw import AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy, AsyncSoftReadWriteLock, SoftReadWriteLock
+from ._unix import UnixFileLock, has_fcntl
+from ._windows import WindowsFileLock
+from .asyncio import (
+    AsyncAcquireReturnProxy,
+    AsyncSoftFileLock,
+    AsyncUnixFileLock,
+    AsyncWindowsFileLock,
+    BaseAsyncFileLock,
+)
+from .version import version
+
+#: version of the project as a string
+__version__: str = version
+
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: win32 cover
+    _FileLock: type[BaseFileLock] = WindowsFileLock
+    _AsyncFileLock: type[BaseAsyncFileLock] = AsyncWindowsFileLock
+else:  # pragma: win32 no cover # noqa: PLR5501
+    if has_fcntl:
+        _FileLock: type[BaseFileLock] = UnixFileLock
+        _AsyncFileLock: type[BaseAsyncFileLock] = AsyncUnixFileLock
+    else:
+        _FileLock = SoftFileLock
+        _AsyncFileLock = AsyncSoftFileLock
+        if warnings is not None:
+            warnings.warn("only soft file lock is available", stacklevel=2)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    FileLock = SoftFileLock
+    AsyncFileLock = AsyncSoftFileLock
+else:
+    #: Alias for the lock, which should be used for the current platform.
+    FileLock = _FileLock
+    AsyncFileLock = _AsyncFileLock
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AcquireReturnProxy",
+    "AsyncAcquireReadWriteReturnProxy",
+    "AsyncAcquireReturnProxy",
+    "AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy",
+    "AsyncFileLock",
+    "AsyncReadWriteLock",
+    "AsyncSoftFileLock",
+    "AsyncSoftReadWriteLock",
+    "AsyncUnixFileLock",
+    "AsyncWindowsFileLock",
+    "BaseAsyncFileLock",
+    "BaseFileLock",
+    "FileLock",
+    "ReadWriteLock",
+    "SoftFileLock",
+    "SoftReadWriteLock",
+    "Timeout",
+    "UnixFileLock",
+    "WindowsFileLock",
+    "__version__",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_api.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3804eeb6bed90523173170fce73f333f115d03f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import inspect
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+import warnings
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from threading import Lock, local
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
+from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
+
+from ._error import Timeout
+from ._util import break_lock_file
+
+#: Sentinel indicating that no explicit file permission mode was passed.
+#: When used, lock files are created with 0o666 (letting umask and default ACLs control the final permissions)
+#: and fchmod is skipped so that POSIX default ACL inheritance is preserved.
+_UNSET_FILE_MODE: int = -1
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from types import TracebackType
+
+    from ._read_write import ReadWriteLock
+    from ._soft_rw import SoftReadWriteLock
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover (py311+)
+        from typing import Self
+    else:  # pragma: no cover (<py311)
+        from typing_extensions import Self
+
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger("filelock")
+
+# On Windows os.path.realpath calls CreateFileW with share_mode=0, which blocks concurrent DeleteFileW and causes
+# livelocks under threaded contention with SoftFileLock. os.path.abspath is purely string-based and avoids this.
+_canonical = os.path.abspath if sys.platform == "win32" else os.path.realpath
+
+
+class _ThreadLocalRegistry(local):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.held: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+
+_registry = _ThreadLocalRegistry()
+
+
+# This is a helper class which is returned by :meth:`BaseFileLock.acquire` and wraps the lock to make sure __enter__
+# is not called twice when entering the with statement. If we would simply return *self*, the lock would be acquired
+# again in the *__enter__* method of the BaseFileLock, but not released again automatically. issue #37 (memory leak)
+class AcquireReturnProxy:
+    """A context-aware object that will release the lock file when exiting."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lock: BaseFileLock | ReadWriteLock | SoftReadWriteLock) -> None:
+        self.lock: BaseFileLock | ReadWriteLock | SoftReadWriteLock = lock
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> BaseFileLock | ReadWriteLock | SoftReadWriteLock:
+        return self.lock
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.lock.release()
+
+
+@dataclass
+class FileLockContext:
+    """A dataclass which holds the context for a ``BaseFileLock`` object."""
+
+    # The context is held in a separate class to allow optional use of thread local storage via the
+    # ThreadLocalFileContext class.
+
+    #: The path to the lock file.
+    lock_file: str
+
+    #: The default timeout value.
+    timeout: float
+
+    #: The mode for the lock files
+    mode: int
+
+    #: Whether the lock should be blocking or not
+    blocking: bool
+
+    #: The default polling interval value.
+    poll_interval: float
+
+    #: The lock lifetime in seconds; ``None`` means the lock never expires.
+    lifetime: float | None = None
+
+    #: The file descriptor for the *_lock_file* as it is returned by the os.open() function, not None when lock held
+    lock_file_fd: int | None = None
+
+    #: The lock counter is used for implementing the nested locking mechanism.
+    lock_counter: int = 0  # When the lock is acquired is increased and the lock is only released, when this value is 0
+
+
+class ThreadLocalFileContext(FileLockContext, local):
+    """A thread local version of the ``FileLockContext`` class."""
+
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T", bound="BaseFileLock")
+
+
+class FileLockMeta(ABCMeta):
+    _instances: WeakValueDictionary[str, BaseFileLock]
+    _instances_lock: Lock
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        cls: type[_T],
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        mode: int = _UNSET_FILE_MODE,
+        thread_local: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = False,
+        poll_interval: float = 0.05,
+        lifetime: float | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,  # capture remaining kwargs for subclasses  # noqa: ANN401
+    ) -> _T:
+        params = {
+            "timeout": timeout,
+            "mode": mode,
+            "thread_local": thread_local,
+            "blocking": blocking,
+            "is_singleton": is_singleton,
+            "poll_interval": poll_interval,
+            "lifetime": lifetime,
+            **kwargs,
+        }
+        if not is_singleton:
+            return cls._create_instance(lock_file, params)
+
+        # Look up, build and store under one lock. Without it two threads racing the first construction for a
+        # path both miss the cache and each build their own instance, so callers relying on is_singleton for
+        # reentrant locking across instances end up with two "singletons" and acquire()'s deadlock check then
+        # rejects a legitimate reentrant acquire; the unguarded writes to the WeakValueDictionary are a data
+        # race besides. ReadWriteLock and SoftReadWriteLock already guard their singleton caches this way.
+        with cls._instances_lock:
+            if (instance := cls._instances.get(str(lock_file))) is None:
+                instance = cls._create_instance(lock_file, params)
+                cls._instances[str(lock_file)] = instance
+                return instance
+
+        params_to_check = {
+            "thread_local": (thread_local, instance.is_thread_local()),
+            "timeout": (timeout, instance.timeout),
+            "mode": (mode, instance._context.mode),  # noqa: SLF001
+            "blocking": (blocking, instance.blocking),
+            "poll_interval": (poll_interval, instance.poll_interval),
+            "lifetime": (lifetime, instance.lifetime),
+        }
+
+        non_matching_params = {
+            name: (passed_param, set_param)
+            for name, (passed_param, set_param) in params_to_check.items()
+            if passed_param != set_param
+        }
+        if not non_matching_params:
+            return instance  # ty: ignore[invalid-return-type]  # https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues/3231
+
+        # parameters do not match; raise error
+        msg = "Singleton lock instances cannot be initialized with differing arguments"
+        msg += "\nNon-matching arguments: "
+        for param_name, (passed_param, set_param) in non_matching_params.items():
+            msg += f"\n\t{param_name} (existing lock has {set_param} but {passed_param} was passed)"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    def _create_instance(cls: type[_T], lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str], params: dict[str, Any]) -> _T:
+        # Keep only the params this subclass's __init__ accepts: virtualenv narrows the signature of its
+        # BaseFileLock descendant, so passing the full set would break it (https://github.com/tox-dev/filelock/pull/340).
+        present_params = inspect.signature(cls.__init__).parameters
+        init_params = {key: value for key, value in params.items() if key in present_params}
+        return super().__call__(lock_file, **init_params)
+
+
+class BaseFileLock(contextlib.ContextDecorator, metaclass=FileLockMeta):
+    """
+    Abstract base class for a file lock object.
+
+    Provides a reentrant, cross-process exclusive lock backed by OS-level primitives. Subclasses implement the actual
+    locking mechanism (:class:`UnixFileLock <filelock.UnixFileLock>`, :class:`WindowsFileLock
+    <filelock.WindowsFileLock>`, :class:`SoftFileLock <filelock.SoftFileLock>`).
+
+    """
+
+    _instances: WeakValueDictionary[str, BaseFileLock]
+    _instances_lock: Lock
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """Setup unique state for lock subclasses."""
+        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+        cls._instances = WeakValueDictionary()
+        cls._instances_lock = Lock()
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        self,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        mode: int = _UNSET_FILE_MODE,
+        thread_local: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = False,
+        poll_interval: float = 0.05,
+        lifetime: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a new lock object.
+
+        :param lock_file: path to the file
+        :param timeout: default timeout when acquiring the lock, in seconds. It will be used as fallback value in the
+            acquire method, if no timeout value (``None``) is given. If you want to disable the timeout, set it to a
+            negative value. A timeout of 0 means that there is exactly one attempt to acquire the file lock.
+        :param mode: file permissions for the lockfile. When not specified, the OS controls permissions via umask and
+            default ACLs, preserving POSIX default ACL inheritance in shared directories.
+        :param thread_local: Whether this object's internal context should be thread local or not. If this is set to
+            ``False`` then the lock will be reentrant across threads. When ``True`` (the default), **all fields of the
+            lock's internal context are per-thread**, including the configuration values ``poll_interval``, ``timeout``,
+            ``blocking``, ``mode``, and ``lifetime``. Setting one of these properties from one thread does not change
+            the value seen by another thread; threads that did not perform the write continue to see the value supplied
+            at construction time. If you need configuration values to be visible across threads, construct the lock
+            with ``thread_local=False``.
+        :param blocking: whether the lock should be blocking or not
+        :param is_singleton: If this is set to ``True`` then only one instance of this class will be created per lock
+            file. This is useful if you want to use the lock object for reentrant locking without needing to pass the
+            same object around.
+        :param poll_interval: default interval for polling the lock file, in seconds. It will be used as fallback value
+            in the acquire method, if no poll_interval value (``None``) is given.
+        :param lifetime: maximum time in seconds a lock can be held before it is considered expired. When set, a waiting
+            process will break a lock whose file modification time is older than ``lifetime`` seconds. ``None`` (the
+            default) means locks never expire.
+
+        """
+        self._is_thread_local = thread_local
+        self._is_singleton = is_singleton
+
+        # Create the context. Note that external code should not work with the context directly and should instead use
+        # properties of this class.
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "lock_file": os.fspath(lock_file),
+            "timeout": timeout,
+            "mode": mode,
+            "blocking": blocking,
+            "poll_interval": poll_interval,
+            "lifetime": lifetime,
+        }
+        self._context: FileLockContext = (ThreadLocalFileContext if thread_local else FileLockContext)(**kwargs)
+
+    def is_thread_local(self) -> bool:
+        """:returns: a flag indicating if this lock is thread local or not"""
+        return self._is_thread_local
+
+    @property
+    def is_singleton(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A flag indicating if this lock is singleton or not.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.13.0
+
+        """
+        return self._is_singleton
+
+    @property
+    def lock_file(self) -> str:
+        """Path to the lock file."""
+        return self._context.lock_file
+
+    @property
+    def timeout(self) -> float:
+        """
+        The default timeout value, in seconds.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0.0
+
+        """
+        return self._context.timeout
+
+    @timeout.setter
+    def timeout(self, value: float | str) -> None:
+        """
+        Change the default timeout value.
+
+        :param value: the new value, in seconds
+
+        """
+        self._context.timeout = float(value)
+
+    @property
+    def blocking(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Whether the locking is blocking or not.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.14.0
+
+        """
+        return self._context.blocking
+
+    @blocking.setter
+    def blocking(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        """
+        Change the default blocking value.
+
+        :param value: the new value as bool
+
+        """
+        self._context.blocking = value
+
+    @property
+    def poll_interval(self) -> float:
+        """
+        The default polling interval, in seconds.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.24.0
+
+        """
+        return self._context.poll_interval
+
+    @poll_interval.setter
+    def poll_interval(self, value: float) -> None:
+        """
+        Change the default polling interval.
+
+        :param value: the new value, in seconds
+
+        """
+        self._context.poll_interval = value
+
+    @property
+    def lifetime(self) -> float | None:
+        """
+        The lock lifetime in seconds, or ``None`` if the lock never expires.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.24.0
+
+        """
+        return self._context.lifetime
+
+    @lifetime.setter
+    def lifetime(self, value: float | None) -> None:
+        """
+        Change the lock lifetime.
+
+        :param value: the new value in seconds, or ``None`` to disable expiration
+
+        :raises ValueError: if *value* is a negative number
+        :raises TypeError: if *value* is not ``None`` and not a real number
+
+        """
+        if value is not None:
+            if isinstance(value, bool) or not isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+                msg = f"lifetime must be a non-negative number or None, not {type(value).__name__}"
+                raise TypeError(msg)
+            if value < 0:
+                msg = f"lifetime must be non-negative, not {value!r}"
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+        self._context.lifetime = value
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> int:
+        """The file permissions for the lockfile."""
+        return 0o644 if self._context.mode == _UNSET_FILE_MODE else self._context.mode
+
+    @property
+    def has_explicit_mode(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether the file permissions were explicitly set."""
+        return self._context.mode != _UNSET_FILE_MODE
+
+    def _open_mode(self) -> int:
+        """:returns: the mode for os.open() — 0o666 when unset (let umask/ACLs decide), else the explicit mode"""
+        return 0o666 if self._context.mode == _UNSET_FILE_MODE else self._context.mode
+
+    def _try_break_expired_lock(self) -> None:
+        """Remove the lock file if its modification time exceeds the configured :attr:`lifetime`."""
+        if (lifetime := self._context.lifetime) is None:
+            return
+        with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+            # lstat, not stat: an attacker with write access to the lock directory can replace a held
+            # lock file with a symlink pointing at an old file, making stat() report the target's stale
+            # mtime so a waiter breaks a live lock and two processes hold it at once. lstat reads the
+            # symlink's own mtime, matching the O_NOFOLLOW reads elsewhere.
+            st = os.lstat(self.lock_file)
+            if time.time() - st.st_mtime < lifetime:
+                return
+            break_lock_file(self.lock_file, st.st_mtime, st.st_ino)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _acquire(self) -> None:
+        """If the file lock could be acquired, self._context.lock_file_fd holds the file descriptor of the lock file."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _release(self) -> None:
+        """Releases the lock and sets self._context.lock_file_fd to None."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def is_locked(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A boolean indicating if the lock file is holding the lock currently.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+
+            This was previously a method and is now a property.
+
+        """
+        return self._context.lock_file_fd is not None
+
+    @property
+    def lock_counter(self) -> int:
+        """The number of times this lock has been acquired (but not yet released)."""
+        return self._context.lock_counter
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _check_give_up(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        lock_id: int,
+        lock_filename: str,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool,
+        cancel_check: Callable[[], bool] | None,
+        timeout: float,
+        start_time: float,
+    ) -> bool:
+        if blocking is False:
+            _LOGGER.debug("Failed to immediately acquire lock %s on %s", lock_id, lock_filename)
+            return True
+        if cancel_check is not None and cancel_check():
+            _LOGGER.debug("Cancellation requested for lock %s on %s", lock_id, lock_filename)
+            return True
+        if 0 <= timeout < time.perf_counter() - start_time:
+            _LOGGER.debug("Timeout on acquiring lock %s on %s", lock_id, lock_filename)
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def acquire(
+        self,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        poll_interval: float | None = None,
+        *,
+        poll_intervall: float | None = None,
+        blocking: bool | None = None,
+        cancel_check: Callable[[], bool] | None = None,
+    ) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Try to acquire the file lock.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time for acquiring the lock, ``None`` means use the default :attr:`~timeout` is and
+            if ``timeout < 0``, there is no timeout and this method will block until the lock could be acquired
+        :param poll_interval: interval of trying to acquire the lock file, ``None`` means use the default
+            :attr:`~poll_interval`
+        :param poll_intervall: deprecated, kept for backwards compatibility, use ``poll_interval`` instead
+        :param blocking: defaults to True. If False, function will return immediately if it cannot obtain a lock on the
+            first attempt. Otherwise, this method will block until the timeout expires or the lock is acquired.
+        :param cancel_check: a callable returning ``True`` when the acquisition should be canceled. Checked on each poll
+            iteration. When triggered, raises :class:`~Timeout` just like an expired timeout.
+
+        :returns: a context object that will unlock the file when the context is exited
+
+        :raises Timeout: if fails to acquire lock within the timeout period
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            # You can use this method in the context manager (recommended)
+            with lock.acquire():
+                pass
+
+            # Or use an equivalent try-finally construct:
+            lock.acquire()
+            try:
+                pass
+            finally:
+                lock.release()
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+
+            This method returns now a *proxy* object instead of *self*, so that it can be used in a with statement
+            without side effects.
+
+        """
+        # Use the default timeout, if no timeout is provided.
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = self._context.timeout
+
+        if blocking is None:
+            blocking = self._context.blocking
+
+        if poll_intervall is not None:
+            msg = "use poll_interval instead of poll_intervall"
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            poll_interval = poll_intervall
+
+        poll_interval = poll_interval if poll_interval is not None else self._context.poll_interval
+
+        # Increment the number right at the beginning. We can still undo it, if something fails.
+        self._context.lock_counter += 1
+
+        lock_id = id(self)
+        lock_filename = self.lock_file
+        canonical = _canonical(lock_filename)
+
+        would_block = self._context.lock_counter == 1 and not self.is_locked and timeout < 0 and blocking
+        if would_block and (existing := _registry.held.get(canonical)) is not None and existing != lock_id:
+            self._context.lock_counter -= 1
+            msg = (
+                f"Deadlock: lock '{lock_filename}' is already held by a different "
+                f"FileLock instance in this thread. Use is_singleton=True to "
+                f"enable reentrant locking across instances."
+            )
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+        start_time = time.perf_counter()
+        try:
+            self._poll_until_acquired(
+                blocking=blocking,
+                cancel_check=cancel_check,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                poll_interval=poll_interval,
+                start_time=start_time,
+            )
+        except BaseException:
+            self._context.lock_counter = max(0, self._context.lock_counter - 1)
+            if self._context.lock_counter == 0:
+                _registry.held.pop(canonical, None)
+            raise
+        if self._context.lock_counter == 1:
+            _registry.held[canonical] = lock_id
+        return AcquireReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    def _poll_until_acquired(
+        self,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool,
+        cancel_check: Callable[[], bool] | None,
+        timeout: float,
+        poll_interval: float,
+        start_time: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        lock_id = id(self)
+        lock_filename = self.lock_file
+        while True:
+            if not self.is_locked:
+                self._try_break_expired_lock()
+                _LOGGER.debug("Attempting to acquire lock %s on %s", lock_id, lock_filename)
+                self._acquire()
+            if self.is_locked:
+                _LOGGER.debug("Lock %s acquired on %s", lock_id, lock_filename)
+                return
+            if self._check_give_up(
+                lock_id,
+                lock_filename,
+                blocking=blocking,
+                cancel_check=cancel_check,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                start_time=start_time,
+            ):
+                raise Timeout(lock_filename)
+            msg = "Lock %s not acquired on %s, waiting %s seconds ..."
+            _LOGGER.debug(msg, lock_id, lock_filename, poll_interval)
+            time.sleep(poll_interval)
+
+    def release(self, force: bool = False) -> None:  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        """
+        Release the file lock. The lock is only completely released when the lock counter reaches 0. The lock file
+        itself may be deleted automatically, the behavior is platform-specific.
+
+        :param force: If true, the lock counter is ignored and the lock is released in every case.
+
+        """
+        if self.is_locked:
+            self._context.lock_counter -= 1
+
+            if self._context.lock_counter == 0 or force:
+                lock_id, lock_filename = id(self), self.lock_file
+
+                _LOGGER.debug("Attempting to release lock %s on %s", lock_id, lock_filename)
+                self._release()
+                self._context.lock_counter = 0
+                _registry.held.pop(_canonical(lock_filename), None)
+                _LOGGER.debug("Lock %s released on %s", lock_id, lock_filename)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        """
+        Acquire the lock.
+
+        :returns: the lock object
+
+        """
+        self.acquire()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the lock.
+
+        :param exc_type: the exception type if raised
+        :param exc_value: the exception value if raised
+        :param traceback: the exception traceback if raised
+
+        """
+        self.release()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        """Called when the lock object is deleted."""
+        self.release(force=True)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "_UNSET_FILE_MODE",
+    "AcquireReturnProxy",
+    "BaseFileLock",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_async_read_write.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_async_read_write.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c42d2f6ab5bc2c0e17b09c7c7b80c29428d78c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_async_read_write.py
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+"""Async wrapper around :class:`ReadWriteLock` for use with ``asyncio``."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import functools
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from ._read_write import ReadWriteLock
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import os
+    from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable
+    from concurrent import futures
+    from types import TracebackType
+
+
+class AsyncAcquireReadWriteReturnProxy:
+    """Context-aware object that releases the async read/write lock on exit."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lock: AsyncReadWriteLock) -> None:
+        self.lock = lock
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncReadWriteLock:
+        return self.lock
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.lock.release()
+
+
+class AsyncReadWriteLock:
+    """
+    Async wrapper around :class:`ReadWriteLock` for use in ``asyncio`` applications.
+
+    Because Python's :mod:`sqlite3` module has no async API, all blocking SQLite operations are dispatched to a thread
+    pool via ``loop.run_in_executor()``. Reentrancy, upgrade/downgrade rules, and singleton behavior are delegated
+    to the underlying :class:`ReadWriteLock`.
+
+    :param lock_file: path to the SQLite database file used as the lock
+    :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+    :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable
+    :param is_singleton: if ``True``, reuse existing :class:`ReadWriteLock` instances for the same resolved path
+    :param loop: event loop for ``run_in_executor``; ``None`` uses the running loop
+    :param executor: executor for ``run_in_executor``. When ``None`` a dedicated single-thread executor is created
+        and owned by this lock, ensuring every operation runs on the same thread (required for SQLite affinity); it
+        is shut down by :meth:`close`. A caller-supplied executor is used as-is and never shut down here, so when no
+        executor is passed remember to call :meth:`close` to release the owned one.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.21.0
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        self,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = True,
+        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+        executor: futures.Executor | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._lock = ReadWriteLock(lock_file, timeout, blocking=blocking, is_singleton=is_singleton)
+        self._loop = loop
+        self._owns_executor = executor is None
+        self._executor = executor or ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
+
+    @property
+    def lock_file(self) -> str:
+        """The path to the lock file."""
+        return self._lock.lock_file
+
+    @property
+    def timeout(self) -> float:
+        """The default timeout."""
+        return self._lock.timeout
+
+    @property
+    def blocking(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether blocking is enabled by default."""
+        return self._lock.blocking
+
+    @property
+    def loop(self) -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None:
+        """The event loop (or ``None`` for the running loop)."""
+        return self._loop
+
+    @property
+    def executor(self) -> futures.Executor:
+        """The executor used for ``run_in_executor`` (a dedicated single-thread one if none was supplied)."""
+        return self._executor
+
+    async def _run(self, func: Callable[..., object], *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> object:
+        loop = self._loop or asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        return await loop.run_in_executor(self._executor, functools.partial(func, *args, **kwargs))
+
+    async def acquire_read(self, timeout: float = -1, *, blocking: bool = True) -> AsyncAcquireReadWriteReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire a shared read lock.
+
+        See :meth:`ReadWriteLock.acquire_read` for full semantics.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable
+
+        :returns: a proxy that can be used as an async context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a write lock is already held on this instance
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        await self._run(self._lock.acquire_read, timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        return AsyncAcquireReadWriteReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    async def acquire_write(self, timeout: float = -1, *, blocking: bool = True) -> AsyncAcquireReadWriteReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire an exclusive write lock.
+
+        See :meth:`ReadWriteLock.acquire_write` for full semantics.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable
+
+        :returns: a proxy that can be used as an async context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a read lock is already held, or a write lock is held by a different thread
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        await self._run(self._lock.acquire_write, timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        return AsyncAcquireReadWriteReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    async def release(self, *, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        Release one level of the current lock.
+
+        See :meth:`ReadWriteLock.release` for full semantics.
+
+        :param force: if ``True``, release the lock completely regardless of the current lock level
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if no lock is currently held and *force* is ``False``
+
+        """
+        await self._run(self._lock.release, force=force)
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def read_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> AsyncGenerator[None]:
+        """
+        Async context manager that acquires and releases a shared read lock.
+
+        Falls back to instance defaults for *timeout* and *blocking* when ``None``.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        """
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = self._lock.timeout
+        if blocking is None:
+            blocking = self._lock.blocking
+        await self.acquire_read(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            await self.release()
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def write_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> AsyncGenerator[None]:
+        """
+        Async context manager that acquires and releases an exclusive write lock.
+
+        Falls back to instance defaults for *timeout* and *blocking* when ``None``.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        """
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = self._lock.timeout
+        if blocking is None:
+            blocking = self._lock.blocking
+        await self.acquire_write(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            await self.release()
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the lock (if held) and close the underlying SQLite connection.
+
+        After calling this method, the lock instance is no longer usable.
+
+        """
+        await self._run(self._lock.close)
+        if self._owns_executor:
+            self._executor.shutdown(wait=False)
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        # Safety net: if close() was never called, still shut down the executor we created so its worker thread does
+        # not outlive the lock. A caller-supplied executor is left untouched. shutdown(wait=False) never blocks.
+        if getattr(self, "_owns_executor", False):
+            self._executor.shutdown(wait=False)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AsyncAcquireReadWriteReturnProxy",
+    "AsyncReadWriteLock",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_error.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_error.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..148a2ccf13a77eb2a989f98d7f0f74ce62453bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_error.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+class Timeout(TimeoutError):  # noqa: N818
+    """Raised when the lock could not be acquired in *timeout* seconds."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lock_file: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._lock_file = lock_file
+
+    def __reduce__(self) -> tuple[type[Timeout], tuple[str]]:
+        return self.__class__, (self._lock_file,)  # Properly pickle the exception
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"The file lock '{self._lock_file}' could not be acquired."
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.lock_file!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def lock_file(self) -> str:
+        """The path of the file lock."""
+        return self._lock_file
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Timeout",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_read_write.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_read_write.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87e454d700a6b3bb38014daa835ab23c579b8552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_read_write.py
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import atexit
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sqlite3
+import threading
+import time
+from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
+from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
+
+from ._api import AcquireReturnProxy
+from ._error import Timeout
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Generator
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger("filelock")
+
+_all_connections: set[sqlite3.Connection] = set()
+_all_connections_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+
+def _cleanup_connections() -> None:
+    with _all_connections_lock:
+        for con in list(_all_connections):
+            with suppress(Exception):
+                con.close()
+        _all_connections.clear()
+
+
+atexit.register(_cleanup_connections)
+
+# sqlite3_busy_timeout() accepts a C int, max 2_147_483_647 on 32-bit. Use a lower value to be safe (~23 days).
+_MAX_SQLITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000_000_000 - 1
+
+
+def timeout_for_sqlite(timeout: float, *, blocking: bool, already_waited: float) -> int:
+    if blocking is False:
+        return 0
+
+    if timeout == -1:
+        return _MAX_SQLITE_TIMEOUT_MS
+
+    if timeout < 0:
+        msg = "timeout must be a non-negative number or -1"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    remaining = max(timeout - already_waited, 0) if timeout > 0 else timeout
+    timeout_ms = int(remaining * 1000)
+    if timeout_ms > _MAX_SQLITE_TIMEOUT_MS or timeout_ms < 0:
+        _LOGGER.warning("timeout %s is too large for SQLite, using %s ms instead", timeout, _MAX_SQLITE_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        return _MAX_SQLITE_TIMEOUT_MS
+    return timeout_ms
+
+
+class _ReadWriteLockMeta(type):
+    """
+    Metaclass that handles singleton resolution when is_singleton=True.
+
+    Singleton logic lives here rather than in ReadWriteLock.get_lock so that ``ReadWriteLock(path)`` transparently
+    returns cached instances without a 2-arg ``super()`` call that type checkers cannot verify.
+
+    """
+
+    _instances: WeakValueDictionary[pathlib.Path, ReadWriteLock]
+    _instances_lock: threading.Lock
+
+    def __call__(
+        cls,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = True,
+    ) -> ReadWriteLock:
+        if not is_singleton:
+            return super().__call__(lock_file, timeout, blocking=blocking, is_singleton=is_singleton)
+
+        normalized = pathlib.Path(lock_file).resolve()
+        with cls._instances_lock:
+            if normalized not in cls._instances:
+                instance = super().__call__(lock_file, timeout, blocking=blocking, is_singleton=is_singleton)
+                cls._instances[normalized] = instance
+            else:
+                instance = cls._instances[normalized]
+
+            if instance.timeout != timeout or instance.blocking != blocking:
+                msg = (
+                    f"Singleton lock created with timeout={instance.timeout}, blocking={instance.blocking},"
+                    f" cannot be changed to timeout={timeout}, blocking={blocking}"
+                )
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            return instance
+
+
+class ReadWriteLock(metaclass=_ReadWriteLockMeta):
+    """
+    Cross-process read-write lock backed by SQLite.
+
+    Allows concurrent shared readers or a single exclusive writer. The lock is reentrant within the same mode (multiple
+    ``acquire_read`` calls nest, as do multiple ``acquire_write`` calls from the same thread), but upgrading from read
+    to write or downgrading from write to read raises :class:`RuntimeError`. Write locks are pinned to the thread that
+    acquired them.
+
+    By default, ``is_singleton=True``: calling ``ReadWriteLock(path)`` with the same resolved path returns the same
+    instance. The lock file must use a ``.db`` extension (SQLite database).
+
+    :param lock_file: path to the SQLite database file used as the lock
+    :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+    :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable
+    :param is_singleton: if ``True``, reuse existing instances for the same resolved path
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.21.0
+
+    """
+
+    _instances: WeakValueDictionary[pathlib.Path, ReadWriteLock] = WeakValueDictionary()
+    _instances_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_lock(
+        cls, lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str], timeout: float = -1, *, blocking: bool = True
+    ) -> ReadWriteLock:
+        """
+        Return the singleton :class:`ReadWriteLock` for *lock_file*.
+
+        :param lock_file: path to the SQLite database file used as the lock
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable
+
+        :returns: the singleton lock instance
+
+        :raises ValueError: if an instance already exists for this path with different *timeout* or *blocking* values
+
+        """
+        return cls(lock_file, timeout, blocking=blocking)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = True,  # noqa: ARG002  # consumed by _ReadWriteLockMeta.__call__
+    ) -> None:
+        self.lock_file = os.fspath(lock_file)
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.blocking = blocking
+        self._transaction_lock = threading.Lock()  # serializes the (possibly blocking) SQLite transaction work
+        self._internal_lock = threading.Lock()  # protects _lock_level / _current_mode updates and rollback
+        self._lock_level = 0
+        self._current_mode: Literal["read", "write"] | None = None
+        self._write_thread_id: int | None = None
+        self._con = sqlite3.connect(self.lock_file, check_same_thread=False)
+        with _all_connections_lock:
+            _all_connections.add(self._con)
+
+    def _acquire_transaction_lock(self, *, blocking: bool, timeout: float) -> None:
+        if not blocking:
+            acquired = self._transaction_lock.acquire(blocking=False)
+        elif timeout == -1:
+            acquired = self._transaction_lock.acquire(blocking=True)
+        else:
+            acquired = self._transaction_lock.acquire(blocking=True, timeout=timeout)
+        if not acquired:
+            raise Timeout(self.lock_file) from None
+
+    def _validate_reentrant(self, mode: Literal["read", "write"]) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        opposite = "write" if mode == "read" else "read"
+        direction = "downgrade" if mode == "read" else "upgrade"
+        if self._current_mode != mode:
+            msg = (
+                f"Cannot acquire {mode} lock on {self.lock_file} (lock id: {id(self)}): "
+                f"already holding a {opposite} lock ({direction} not allowed)"
+            )
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+        if mode == "write" and (cur := threading.get_ident()) != self._write_thread_id:
+            msg = (
+                f"Cannot acquire write lock on {self.lock_file} (lock id: {id(self)}) "
+                f"from thread {cur} while it is held by thread {self._write_thread_id}"
+            )
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+        self._lock_level += 1
+        return AcquireReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    def _configure_and_begin(
+        self, mode: Literal["read", "write"], timeout: float, *, blocking: bool, start_time: float
+    ) -> None:
+        waited = time.perf_counter() - start_time
+        timeout_ms = timeout_for_sqlite(timeout, blocking=blocking, already_waited=waited)
+        self._con.execute(f"PRAGMA busy_timeout={timeout_ms};").close()
+        # Use legacy journal mode (not WAL) because WAL does not block readers when a concurrent EXCLUSIVE
+        # write transaction is active, making read-write locking impossible without modifying table data.
+        # MEMORY is safe here since no actual writes happen — crashes cannot corrupt the DB.
+        # See https://sqlite.org/lang_transaction.html#deferred_immediate_and_exclusive_transactions
+        #
+        # Set here (not in __init__) because this pragma itself may block on a locked database,
+        # so it must run after busy_timeout is configured above.
+        self._con.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=MEMORY;").close()
+        # Recompute remaining timeout after the potentially blocking journal_mode pragma.
+        waited = time.perf_counter() - start_time
+        if (recomputed := timeout_for_sqlite(timeout, blocking=blocking, already_waited=waited)) != timeout_ms:
+            self._con.execute(f"PRAGMA busy_timeout={recomputed};").close()
+        stmt = "BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;" if mode == "write" else "BEGIN TRANSACTION;"
+        self._con.execute(stmt).close()
+        if mode == "read":
+            # A SELECT is needed to force SQLite to actually acquire the SHARED lock on the database.
+            # https://www.sqlite.org/lockingv3.html#transaction_control
+            self._con.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_schema LIMIT 1;").close()
+
+    def _acquire(self, mode: Literal["read", "write"], timeout: float, *, blocking: bool) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        with self._internal_lock:
+            if self._lock_level > 0:
+                return self._validate_reentrant(mode)
+
+        start_time = time.perf_counter()
+        self._acquire_transaction_lock(blocking=blocking, timeout=timeout)
+        try:
+            return self._do_acquire_inner(mode, timeout, blocking=blocking, start_time=start_time)
+        except sqlite3.Error as exc:
+            # A read acquire runs BEGIN (a deferred transaction that takes no database lock) and only then the
+            # SELECT that actually takes the SHARED lock. If a writer grabs the EXCLUSIVE lock between the two,
+            # the SELECT fails but BEGIN's transaction is left open on the shared connection. Roll it back here,
+            # while we still hold _transaction_lock, otherwise the next acquire's BEGIN dies with "cannot start a
+            # transaction within a transaction" and the instance is wedged for good. Catch only sqlite3.Error: a
+            # reentrant-validation RuntimeError from _do_acquire_inner's double-check must not roll back, or it
+            # would drop a transaction another thread legitimately holds on the shared connection.
+            with suppress(sqlite3.Error):
+                self._con.rollback()
+            if isinstance(exc, sqlite3.OperationalError) and "database is locked" in str(exc):
+                raise Timeout(self.lock_file) from None
+            raise
+        finally:
+            self._transaction_lock.release()
+
+    def _do_acquire_inner(
+        self,
+        mode: Literal["read", "write"],
+        timeout: float,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool,
+        start_time: float,
+    ) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        # Double-check: another thread may have acquired the lock while we waited on _transaction_lock.
+        with self._internal_lock:
+            if self._lock_level > 0:
+                return self._validate_reentrant(mode)
+        self._configure_and_begin(mode, timeout, blocking=blocking, start_time=start_time)
+        with self._internal_lock:
+            self._current_mode = mode
+            self._lock_level = 1
+            if mode == "write":
+                self._write_thread_id = threading.get_ident()
+        return AcquireReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    def acquire_read(self, timeout: float = -1, *, blocking: bool = True) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire a shared read lock.
+
+        If this instance already holds a read lock, the lock level is incremented (reentrant). Attempting to acquire a
+        read lock while holding a write lock raises :class:`RuntimeError` (downgrade not allowed).
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable
+
+        :returns: a proxy that can be used as a context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a write lock is already held on this instance
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        return self._acquire("read", timeout, blocking=blocking)
+
+    def acquire_write(self, timeout: float = -1, *, blocking: bool = True) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire an exclusive write lock.
+
+        If this instance already holds a write lock from the same thread, the lock level is incremented (reentrant).
+        Attempting to acquire a write lock while holding a read lock raises :class:`RuntimeError` (upgrade not allowed).
+        Write locks are pinned to the acquiring thread: a different thread trying to re-enter also raises
+        :class:`RuntimeError`.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable
+
+        :returns: a proxy that can be used as a context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a read lock is already held, or a write lock is held by a different thread
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        return self._acquire("write", timeout, blocking=blocking)
+
+    def release(self, *, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        Release one level of the current lock.
+
+        When the lock level reaches zero the underlying SQLite transaction is rolled back, releasing the database lock.
+
+        :param force: if ``True``, release the lock completely regardless of the current lock level
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if no lock is currently held and *force* is ``False``
+
+        """
+        should_rollback = False
+        with self._internal_lock:
+            if self._lock_level == 0:
+                if force:
+                    return
+                msg = f"Cannot release a lock on {self.lock_file} (lock id: {id(self)}) that is not held"
+                raise RuntimeError(msg)
+            if force:
+                self._lock_level = 0
+            else:
+                self._lock_level -= 1
+            if self._lock_level == 0:
+                self._current_mode = None
+                self._write_thread_id = None
+                should_rollback = True
+        if should_rollback:
+            # The rollback ends the transaction on the shared connection, so it has to be serialized against
+            # acquire()'s BEGIN the same way acquire() already serializes itself with _transaction_lock. Without
+            # this, another thread that sees lock_level back at 0 can start its BEGIN while this rollback's
+            # transaction is still open (raising "cannot start a transaction within a transaction") or, in the
+            # other ordering, have its freshly started transaction rolled back here, dropping the database lock
+            # while it still believes it holds it.
+            with self._transaction_lock:
+                self._con.rollback()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def read_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> Generator[None]:
+        """
+        Context manager that acquires and releases a shared read lock.
+
+        Falls back to instance defaults for *timeout* and *blocking* when ``None``.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        """
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = self.timeout
+        if blocking is None:
+            blocking = self.blocking
+        self.acquire_read(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.release()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def write_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> Generator[None]:
+        """
+        Context manager that acquires and releases an exclusive write lock.
+
+        Falls back to instance defaults for *timeout* and *blocking* when ``None``.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        """
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = self.timeout
+        if blocking is None:
+            blocking = self.blocking
+        self.acquire_write(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.release()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the lock (if held) and close the underlying SQLite connection.
+
+        After calling this method, the lock instance is no longer usable.
+
+        """
+        self.release(force=True)
+        self._con.close()
+        with _all_connections_lock:
+            _all_connections.discard(self._con)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ec3f95df1a086c8ce8cccb9c8a844dd5d5029e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft.py
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import socket
+import sys
+import time
+from contextlib import suppress
+from errno import EACCES, EEXIST, EPERM, ESRCH
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from ._api import BaseFileLock
+from ._util import break_lock_file, ensure_directory_exists, raise_on_not_writable_file
+
+_WIN_SYNCHRONIZE = 0x100000
+_WIN_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER = 87
+_WIN_PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION = 0x1000
+_MALFORMED_LOCK_AGE_THRESHOLD = 2.0
+_MAX_LOCK_FILE_SIZE = 1024
+
+
+class SoftFileLock(BaseFileLock):
+    """
+    Portable file lock based on file existence.
+
+    Unlike :class:`UnixFileLock <filelock.UnixFileLock>` and :class:`WindowsFileLock <filelock.WindowsFileLock>`, this
+    lock does not use OS-level locking primitives. Instead, it creates the lock file with ``O_CREAT | O_EXCL`` and
+    treats its existence as the lock indicator. This makes it work on any filesystem but leaves stale lock files behind
+    if the process crashes without releasing the lock.
+
+    To mitigate stale locks, the lock file contains the PID and hostname of the holding process. On contention, if the
+    holder is on the same host and its PID no longer exists, the stale lock is broken automatically.
+
+    """
+
+    def _acquire(self) -> None:
+        raise_on_not_writable_file(self.lock_file)
+        ensure_directory_exists(self.lock_file)
+        flags = (
+            os.O_WRONLY  # open for writing only
+            | os.O_CREAT
+            | os.O_EXCL  # together with above raise EEXIST if the file specified by filename exists
+            | os.O_TRUNC  # truncate the file to zero byte
+        )
+        if (o_nofollow := getattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW", None)) is not None:
+            flags |= o_nofollow
+        try:
+            file_handler = os.open(self.lock_file, flags, self._open_mode())
+        except OSError as exception:
+            if not (
+                exception.errno == EEXIST or (exception.errno == EACCES and sys.platform == "win32")
+            ):  # pragma: win32 no cover
+                raise
+            self._try_break_stale_lock()
+        else:
+            self._write_lock_info(file_handler)
+            self._context.lock_file_fd = file_handler
+
+    def _try_break_stale_lock(self) -> None:
+        with suppress(OSError, ValueError):
+            content, mtime, ino = _read_lock_file(self.lock_file)
+            holder = _parse_lock_holder(content)
+
+            if holder is None:
+                # Unparsable: wrong line count, a non-integer PID or creation time, empty, oversized or not UTF-8.
+                # Self-heal only once the file is clearly not a half-written fresh lock (a peer between O_EXCL and
+                # _write_lock_info), so the brief create-then-write window is never mistaken for a stale lock.
+                if time.time() - mtime >= _MALFORMED_LOCK_AGE_THRESHOLD:
+                    break_lock_file(self.lock_file, mtime, ino)
+                return
+
+            pid, hostname, creation_time = holder
+            if hostname != socket.gethostname():
+                return
+
+            if self._is_process_alive(pid):
+                if sys.platform != "win32" or creation_time is None:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+                    return  # same process, or no creation time to disambiguate a recycled PID — don't evict
+                actual = self._get_process_creation_time(pid)  # pragma: win32 cover
+                if actual is None or actual == creation_time:  # pragma: win32 cover
+                    return  # same process or can't verify — don't evict
+                # else: PID alive but creation time differs — the PID was recycled, so the lock is stale.
+
+            break_lock_file(self.lock_file, mtime, ino)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_process_alive(pid: int) -> bool:
+        if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: win32 cover
+            import ctypes  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+            kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
+            handle = kernel32.OpenProcess(_WIN_SYNCHRONIZE, 0, pid)
+            if handle:
+                kernel32.CloseHandle(handle)
+                return True
+            return kernel32.GetLastError() != _WIN_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
+        try:
+            os.kill(pid, 0)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            if exc.errno == ESRCH:
+                return False
+            if exc.errno == EPERM:
+                return True
+            raise
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_process_creation_time(pid: int) -> int | None:
+        """Return the process creation FILETIME as an integer on Windows, ``None`` otherwise."""
+        if sys.platform != "win32":  # pragma: win32 no cover
+            return None
+        import ctypes  # pragma: win32 cover  # noqa: PLC0415
+        from ctypes import wintypes  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+        kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
+        handle = kernel32.OpenProcess(_WIN_PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, 0, pid)
+        if not handle:
+            return None
+        try:
+            creation = wintypes.FILETIME()
+            exit_time = wintypes.FILETIME()
+            kernel_time = wintypes.FILETIME()
+            user_time = wintypes.FILETIME()
+            if not kernel32.GetProcessTimes(
+                handle,
+                ctypes.byref(creation),
+                ctypes.byref(exit_time),
+                ctypes.byref(kernel_time),
+                ctypes.byref(user_time),
+            ):
+                return None
+        finally:
+            kernel32.CloseHandle(handle)
+        return (creation.dwHighDateTime << 32) | creation.dwLowDateTime
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _write_lock_info(fd: int) -> None:
+        with suppress(OSError):
+            info = f"{os.getpid()}\n{socket.gethostname()}\n"
+            if sys.platform == "win32" and (ct := SoftFileLock._get_process_creation_time(os.getpid())) is not None:
+                info += f"{ct}\n"
+            os.write(fd, info.encode())
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        The PID of the process holding this lock, read from the lock file.
+
+        :returns: the PID as an integer, or ``None`` if the lock file does not exist or cannot be parsed
+
+        """
+        with suppress(OSError, ValueError):
+            holder = _parse_lock_holder(_read_lock_file(self.lock_file)[0])
+            if holder is not None:
+                return holder[0]
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def is_lock_held_by_us(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Whether this lock is held by the current process.
+
+        :returns: ``True`` if the lock file exists and names the current process's PID and hostname
+
+        """
+        with suppress(OSError, ValueError):
+            holder = _parse_lock_holder(_read_lock_file(self.lock_file)[0])
+            if holder is not None:
+                pid, hostname, _ = holder
+                return pid == os.getpid() and hostname == socket.gethostname()
+        return False
+
+    def break_lock(self) -> None:
+        """Forcibly break the lock by removing the lock file, regardless of who holds it."""
+        with suppress(OSError):
+            Path(self.lock_file).unlink()
+
+    def _release(self) -> None:
+        assert self._context.lock_file_fd is not None  # noqa: S101
+        os.close(self._context.lock_file_fd)
+        self._context.lock_file_fd = None
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            self._windows_unlink_with_retry()
+        else:
+            with suppress(OSError):
+                Path(self.lock_file).unlink()
+
+    def _windows_unlink_with_retry(self) -> None:
+        max_retries = 10
+        retry_delay = 0.001
+        for attempt in range(max_retries):
+            # Windows doesn't immediately release file handles after close, causing EACCES/EPERM on unlink
+            try:
+                Path(self.lock_file).unlink()
+            except OSError as exc:  # noqa: PERF203
+                if exc.errno not in {EACCES, EPERM}:
+                    return
+                if attempt < max_retries - 1:
+                    time.sleep(retry_delay)
+                    retry_delay *= 2
+            else:
+                return
+
+
+def _read_lock_file(path: str) -> tuple[str | None, float, int]:
+    # The lock file is created with O_EXCL | O_NOFOLLOW, so a symlink here is a hostile replacement and must
+    # not be followed. O_NONBLOCK keeps an attacker-placed FIFO from stalling the open (O_NOFOLLOW alone only
+    # rejects a symlink, not a real FIFO at the path), and the capped read stops a huge file (e.g. /dev/zero)
+    # from exhausting memory. Content is None when the file is too large or not UTF-8, but the mtime and inode
+    # still flow back so the caller can evict it as a stale, malformed lock and verify identity before breaking.
+    fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY | getattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW", 0) | getattr(os, "O_NONBLOCK", 0))
+    try:
+        st, data = os.fstat(fd), os.read(fd, _MAX_LOCK_FILE_SIZE + 1)
+    finally:
+        os.close(fd)
+    if len(data) <= _MAX_LOCK_FILE_SIZE:
+        with suppress(UnicodeDecodeError):
+            return data.decode("utf-8"), st.st_mtime, st.st_ino
+    return None, st.st_mtime, st.st_ino
+
+
+def _parse_lock_holder(content: str | None) -> tuple[int, str, int | None] | None:
+    # A well-formed lock file is "<pid>\n<hostname>\n" with an optional "<creation_time>\n" third line on Windows.
+    # Anything else — wrong line count, a non-integer PID or creation time, empty or unreadable content — is
+    # unparsable; returning None lets the caller treat it as a malformed lock to self-heal rather than a holder.
+    if not content or len(lines := content.strip().splitlines()) not in {2, 3}:
+        return None
+    try:
+        pid = int(lines[0])
+        creation_time = int(lines[2]) if len(lines) == 3 else None  # noqa: PLR2004
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    # A pid outside the valid range is a malformed lock, not a holder. Without this, a non-positive pid
+    # reaches os.kill() where 0 / -1 mean "the caller's own process group / every process" so a dead
+    # holder reads as alive and the lock is never reclaimed, while an oversized pid raises OverflowError
+    # (not OSError/ValueError) out of the self-heal path. _parse_marker_bytes already enforces this range.
+    if not 1 <= pid <= 2**31 - 1:
+        return None
+    return pid, lines[1], creation_time
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "SoftFileLock",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b737bcee9d257307ed31865e43023b967b116ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"""Cross-process and cross-host reader/writer lock on :class:`~filelock.SoftFileLock` primitives."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._async import AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy, AsyncSoftReadWriteLock
+from ._sync import SoftReadWriteLock
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy",
+    "AsyncSoftReadWriteLock",
+    "SoftReadWriteLock",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_async.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_async.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..493f5ede4c3fc71756cb0b9434bcbd2636e4feee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_async.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+"""Async wrapper around :class:`SoftReadWriteLock` for use with ``asyncio``."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import functools
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from ._sync import SoftReadWriteLock
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import os
+    from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable
+    from concurrent import futures
+    from types import TracebackType
+
+
+class AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy:
+    """Async context-aware object that releases an :class:`AsyncSoftReadWriteLock` on exit."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lock: AsyncSoftReadWriteLock) -> None:
+        self.lock = lock
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncSoftReadWriteLock:
+        return self.lock
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.lock.release()
+
+
+class AsyncSoftReadWriteLock:
+    """
+    Async wrapper around :class:`SoftReadWriteLock` for ``asyncio`` applications.
+
+    The sync class's blocking filesystem operations run on a thread pool via ``loop.run_in_executor()``.
+    Reentrancy, upgrade/downgrade rules, fork handling, heartbeat and TTL stale detection, and singleton
+    behavior are delegated to the underlying :class:`SoftReadWriteLock`.
+
+    :param lock_file: path to the lock file; sidecar state/write/readers live next to it
+    :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+    :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately on contention
+    :param is_singleton: if ``True``, reuse existing :class:`SoftReadWriteLock` instances per resolved path
+    :param heartbeat_interval: seconds between heartbeat refreshes; default 30 s
+    :param stale_threshold: seconds of mtime inactivity before a marker is stale; defaults to ``3 * heartbeat_interval``
+    :param poll_interval: seconds between acquire retries under contention; default 0.25 s
+    :param loop: event loop for ``run_in_executor``; ``None`` uses the running loop
+    :param executor: executor for ``run_in_executor``; ``None`` uses the default executor
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.27.0
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        self,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = True,
+        heartbeat_interval: float = 30.0,
+        stale_threshold: float | None = None,
+        poll_interval: float = 0.25,
+        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+        executor: futures.Executor | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._lock = SoftReadWriteLock(
+            lock_file,
+            timeout,
+            blocking=blocking,
+            is_singleton=is_singleton,
+            heartbeat_interval=heartbeat_interval,
+            stale_threshold=stale_threshold,
+            poll_interval=poll_interval,
+        )
+        self._loop = loop
+        self._executor = executor
+
+    @property
+    def lock_file(self) -> str:
+        """The path to the lock file passed to the constructor."""
+        return self._lock.lock_file
+
+    @property
+    def timeout(self) -> float:
+        """The default timeout applied when ``acquire_read`` / ``acquire_write`` is called without one."""
+        return self._lock.timeout
+
+    @property
+    def blocking(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether ``acquire_*`` defaults to blocking; ``False`` makes contention raise immediately."""
+        return self._lock.blocking
+
+    @property
+    def loop(self) -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None:
+        """The event loop used for ``run_in_executor``, or ``None`` for the running loop."""
+        return self._loop
+
+    @property
+    def executor(self) -> futures.Executor | None:
+        """The executor used for ``run_in_executor``, or ``None`` for the default executor."""
+        return self._executor
+
+    async def acquire_read(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None
+    ) -> AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire a shared read lock.
+
+        See :meth:`SoftReadWriteLock.acquire_read` for the full reentrancy / upgrade / fork semantics. The blocking
+        work runs inside ``run_in_executor`` so other coroutines on the same loop continue to progress while this
+        call waits.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :returns: a proxy usable as an async context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a write lock is already held, if this instance was invalidated by
+            :func:`os.fork`, or if :meth:`close` was called
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        await self._run(self._lock.acquire_read, timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        return AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    async def acquire_write(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None
+    ) -> AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire an exclusive write lock.
+
+        See :meth:`SoftReadWriteLock.acquire_write` for the two-phase writer-preferring semantics. The blocking
+        work runs inside ``run_in_executor``.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :returns: a proxy usable as an async context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a read lock is already held, if a write lock is held by a different thread, if
+            this instance was invalidated by :func:`os.fork`, or if :meth:`close` was called
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        await self._run(self._lock.acquire_write, timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        return AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    async def release(self, *, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        Release one level of the current lock.
+
+        :param force: if ``True``, release the lock completely regardless of the current lock level
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if no lock is currently held and *force* is ``False``
+
+        """
+        await self._run(self._lock.release, force=force)
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def read_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> AsyncGenerator[None]:
+        """
+        Async context manager that acquires and releases a shared read lock.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a write lock is already held on this instance
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        await self.acquire_read(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            await self.release()
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def write_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> AsyncGenerator[None]:
+        """
+        Async context manager that acquires and releases an exclusive write lock.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a read lock is already held, or a write lock is held by a different thread
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        await self.acquire_write(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            await self.release()
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        """Release any held lock and release the underlying filesystem resources. Idempotent."""
+        await self._run(self._lock.close)
+
+    async def _run(self, func: Callable[..., object], *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> object:
+        loop = self._loop or asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        return await loop.run_in_executor(self._executor, functools.partial(func, *args, **kwargs))
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AsyncAcquireSoftReadWriteReturnProxy",
+    "AsyncSoftReadWriteLock",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_sync.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_sync.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..653fad2d0a5743817cac0529b0ccee66c4f00698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_soft_rw/_sync.py
@@ -0,0 +1,930 @@
+"""Cross-process and cross-host reader/writer lock built on :class:`SoftFileLock` primitives."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import atexit
+import hmac
+import os
+import re
+import secrets
+import socket
+import stat
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+import uuid
+from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
+from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
+
+from filelock._api import AcquireReturnProxy
+from filelock._error import Timeout
+from filelock._soft import SoftFileLock
+from filelock._util import ensure_directory_exists
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
+
+
+_Mode = Literal["read", "write"]
+_BREAK_SUFFIX = ".break"
+_MAX_MARKER_SIZE = 1024
+_O_NOFOLLOW = getattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW", 0)
+_O_NONBLOCK = getattr(os, "O_NONBLOCK", 0)
+# Retargeting os.utime to an open fd lets the heartbeat refresh the exact inode it just verified instead of
+# re-resolving the path; Windows read-only handles cannot set times that way, so keep it Unix-only.
+_SUPPORTS_UTIME_FD = sys.platform != "win32" and os.utime in os.supports_fd
+# os.utime follows symlinks unless told not to; not every platform can refuse the follow, so probe support.
+_SUPPORTS_UTIME_NOFOLLOW = os.utime in os.supports_follow_symlinks
+# dirfd-relative I/O is a Unix-only optimization; Windows cannot ``os.open()`` a directory at all, and
+# its ``os`` module skips dir_fd support entirely. When disabled, callers fall back to full-path ops.
+_SUPPORTS_DIR_FD = sys.platform != "win32" and os.open in os.supports_dir_fd
+
+_all_instances: WeakValueDictionary[Path, SoftReadWriteLock] = WeakValueDictionary()
+_all_instances_lock = threading.Lock()
+_atexit_registered = False
+_fork_registered = False
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _Paths:
+    state: str
+    write: str
+    readers: str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _Locks:
+    internal: threading.Lock
+    transaction: threading.Lock
+    state: SoftFileLock
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _MarkerInfo:
+    token: str
+    pid: int
+    hostname: str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _Hold:
+    """Everything that exists only while a lock is held; ``None`` when the instance has no lock."""
+
+    level: int
+    mode: _Mode
+    write_thread_id: int | None
+    marker_name: str
+    is_reader: bool
+    token: str
+    heartbeat_thread: _HeartbeatThread
+    heartbeat_stop: threading.Event
+
+
+class _SoftRWMeta(type):
+    _instances: WeakValueDictionary[Path, SoftReadWriteLock]
+    _instances_lock: threading.Lock
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        cls,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = True,
+        heartbeat_interval: float = 30.0,
+        stale_threshold: float | None = None,
+        poll_interval: float = 0.25,
+    ) -> SoftReadWriteLock:
+        if not is_singleton:
+            return super().__call__(
+                lock_file,
+                timeout,
+                blocking=blocking,
+                is_singleton=is_singleton,
+                heartbeat_interval=heartbeat_interval,
+                stale_threshold=stale_threshold,
+                poll_interval=poll_interval,
+            )
+
+        normalized = Path(lock_file).resolve()
+        with cls._instances_lock:
+            instance = cls._instances.get(normalized)
+            if instance is None:
+                instance = super().__call__(
+                    lock_file,
+                    timeout,
+                    blocking=blocking,
+                    is_singleton=is_singleton,
+                    heartbeat_interval=heartbeat_interval,
+                    stale_threshold=stale_threshold,
+                    poll_interval=poll_interval,
+                )
+                cls._instances[normalized] = instance
+            elif instance.timeout != timeout or instance.blocking != blocking:
+                msg = (
+                    f"Singleton lock created with timeout={instance.timeout}, blocking={instance.blocking},"
+                    f" cannot be changed to timeout={timeout}, blocking={blocking}"
+                )
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            return instance
+
+
+class SoftReadWriteLock(metaclass=_SoftRWMeta):
+    """
+    Cross-process and cross-host reader/writer lock built on :class:`SoftFileLock` primitives.
+
+    Use this class instead of :class:`~filelock.ReadWriteLock` when the lock file lives on a network
+    filesystem (NFS, Lustre with ``-o flock``, HPC cluster shared storage). ``ReadWriteLock`` is backed
+    by SQLite and cannot run on NFS because SQLite's ``fcntl`` locking is unreliable there.
+
+    Layout on disk for a lock at ``foo.lock``:
+
+    - ``foo.lock.state`` — a :class:`SoftFileLock` taken only during state transitions (microseconds).
+    - ``foo.lock.write`` — writer marker; its presence means a writer is claiming or holding the lock.
+    - ``foo.lock.readers/<host>.<pid>.<uuid>`` — one file per reader.
+
+    Each marker stores a random token (``secrets.token_hex(16)``), the holder's pid, and the holder's
+    hostname. A daemon heartbeat thread refreshes ``mtime`` on every held marker. A marker whose mtime
+    has not advanced in ``stale_threshold`` seconds may be evicted by any process on any host, giving
+    correct behavior when a compute node crashes with a lock held.
+
+    Writer acquire is two-phase and writer-preferring: phase 1 claims ``.write`` (blocking any new
+    reader), phase 2 waits for existing readers to drain. Writer starvation is impossible.
+
+    Reentrancy, upgrade/downgrade rules, thread pinning, and singleton caching by resolved path match
+    :class:`~filelock.ReadWriteLock`.
+
+    Forking while holding a lock invalidates the inherited instance in the child so the child cannot
+    double-own the lock with its parent; ``release()`` on a fork-invalidated instance is a no-op, and
+    the child must re-acquire if it needs a lock.
+
+    Trust boundary: protects against same-UID non-cooperating processes (one host or cross-host) and
+    same-host different-UID users via ``0o600`` / ``0o700`` permissions. Does not protect against root
+    compromise, NTP tampering on same-UID cross-host nodes, or multi-tenant mounts where hostile
+    co-tenants share the UID.
+
+    :param lock_file: path to the lock file; sidecar state/write/readers live next to it
+    :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+    :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately on contention
+    :param is_singleton: if ``True``, reuse existing instances for the same resolved path
+    :param heartbeat_interval: seconds between heartbeat refreshes; default 30 s
+    :param stale_threshold: seconds of ``mtime`` inactivity before a marker is stale; defaults to
+        ``3 * heartbeat_interval``, matching etcd's ``LeaseKeepAlive`` convention
+    :param poll_interval: seconds between acquire retries under contention; default 0.25 s
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.27.0
+
+    """
+
+    _instances: WeakValueDictionary[Path, SoftReadWriteLock] = WeakValueDictionary()
+    _instances_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        self,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = True,  # noqa: ARG002
+        heartbeat_interval: float = 30.0,
+        stale_threshold: float | None = None,
+        poll_interval: float = 0.25,
+    ) -> None:
+        if heartbeat_interval <= 0:
+            msg = f"heartbeat_interval must be positive, got {heartbeat_interval}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        if stale_threshold is None:
+            stale_threshold = heartbeat_interval * 3
+        if stale_threshold <= heartbeat_interval:
+            msg = f"stale_threshold must exceed heartbeat_interval ({stale_threshold} <= {heartbeat_interval})"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        if poll_interval <= 0:
+            msg = f"poll_interval must be positive, got {poll_interval}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        self.lock_file: str = os.fspath(lock_file)
+        self.timeout: float = timeout
+        self.blocking: bool = blocking
+        self.heartbeat_interval: float = heartbeat_interval
+        self.stale_threshold: float = stale_threshold
+        self.poll_interval: float = poll_interval
+
+        self._paths = _Paths(
+            state=f"{self.lock_file}.state",
+            write=f"{self.lock_file}.write",
+            readers=f"{self.lock_file}.readers",
+        )
+        ensure_directory_exists(self.lock_file)
+        self._locks = _Locks(
+            internal=threading.Lock(),
+            transaction=threading.Lock(),
+            state=SoftFileLock(self._paths.state, timeout=-1),
+        )
+        self._readers_dir_fd: int | None = None
+        self._hold: _Hold | None = None
+        self._fork_invalidated: bool = False
+        self._closed: bool = False
+
+        with _all_instances_lock:
+            _all_instances[Path(self.lock_file).resolve()] = self
+            _register_hooks()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def read_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> Generator[None]:
+        """
+        Context manager that acquires and releases a shared read lock.
+
+        Falls back to instance defaults for *timeout* and *blocking* when ``None``.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a write lock is already held on this instance
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        self.acquire_read(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.release()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def write_lock(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> Generator[None]:
+        """
+        Context manager that acquires and releases an exclusive write lock.
+
+        Falls back to instance defaults for *timeout* and *blocking* when ``None``.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately; ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a read lock is already held, or a write lock is held by a different thread
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        self.acquire_write(timeout, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.release()
+
+    def acquire_read(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire a shared read lock.
+
+        If this instance already holds a read lock, the lock level is incremented (reentrant). Attempting to acquire a
+        read lock while holding a write lock raises :class:`RuntimeError` (downgrade not allowed). On the 0→1
+        transition a daemon heartbeat thread is started that refreshes the reader marker's ``mtime`` every
+        ``heartbeat_interval`` seconds so peers on other hosts do not evict the marker as stale.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default; ``-1`` means block
+            indefinitely
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable;
+            ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :returns: a proxy that can be used as a context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a write lock is already held on this instance, if this instance was invalidated by
+            :func:`os.fork`, or if :meth:`close` was called
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        return self._acquire("read", timeout, blocking=blocking)
+
+    def acquire_write(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, blocking: bool | None = None) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Acquire an exclusive write lock.
+
+        If this instance already holds a write lock from the same thread, the lock level is incremented (reentrant).
+        Attempting to acquire a write lock while holding a read lock raises :class:`RuntimeError` (upgrade not
+        allowed). Write locks are pinned to the acquiring thread: a different thread trying to re-enter also raises
+        :class:`RuntimeError`.
+
+        Writer acquisition runs in two phases. Phase 1 atomically claims ``<path>.write`` via ``O_CREAT | O_EXCL``,
+        which immediately blocks any new reader on any host. Phase 2 waits for existing readers to drain. Writer
+        starvation is impossible: new readers see ``<path>.write`` during phase 2 and wait behind the pending writer.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds, or ``None`` to use the instance default; ``-1`` means block
+            indefinitely
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable;
+            ``None`` uses the instance default
+
+        :returns: a proxy that can be used as a context manager to release the lock
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if a read lock is already held, if a write lock is held by a different thread, if this
+            instance was invalidated by :func:`os.fork`, or if :meth:`close` was called
+        :raises Timeout: if the lock cannot be acquired within *timeout* seconds
+
+        """
+        return self._acquire("write", timeout, blocking=blocking)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Release any held lock and release internal filesystem resources.
+
+        Idempotent. After calling this method the instance can no longer acquire locks — subsequent acquires raise
+        :class:`RuntimeError`. A fork-invalidated instance is closed without raising.
+        """
+        self.release(force=True)
+        with self._locks.internal:
+            if self._closed:
+                return
+            self._closed = True
+            if self._readers_dir_fd is not None:
+                with suppress(OSError):
+                    os.close(self._readers_dir_fd)
+                self._readers_dir_fd = None
+
+    def release(self, *, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        Release one level of the current lock.
+
+        When the lock level reaches zero the heartbeat thread is stopped and the held marker file is unlinked. On a
+        fork-invalidated instance (that is, the child of a :func:`os.fork` call made while the parent held a lock)
+        this method is a no-op so inherited ``with`` blocks can unwind cleanly in the child.
+
+        :param force: if ``True``, release the lock completely regardless of the current lock level
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if no lock is currently held and *force* is ``False``
+
+        """
+        with self._locks.internal:
+            if self._fork_invalidated:
+                # Inherited state from the parent is meaningless in the child; clear any counters and return.
+                self._hold = None
+                return
+            hold = self._hold
+            if hold is None:
+                if force:
+                    return
+                msg = f"Cannot release a lock on {self.lock_file} (lock id: {id(self)}) that is not held"
+                raise RuntimeError(msg)
+            if force:
+                hold.level = 0
+            else:
+                hold.level -= 1
+            if hold.level > 0:
+                return
+            self._hold = None
+
+        # Order matters: signal → join → unlink. A late tick on a deleted marker is harmless, and the
+        # token check in the heartbeat callback would catch any re-acquisition race, but joining first
+        # removes even that theoretical race.
+        hold.heartbeat_stop.set()
+        hold.heartbeat_thread.join(timeout=self.heartbeat_interval + 1.0)
+        if hold.is_reader:
+            _unlink(hold.marker_name, dir_fd=self._readers_dir_fd)
+        else:
+            self._unlink_writer_marker_if_ours(hold.token)
+
+    def _unlink_writer_marker_if_ours(self, token: str) -> None:
+        # Remove the writer marker only while it still carries our token. If this holder was paused long
+        # enough (a stop-the-world GC pause, SIGSTOP, a suspended VM) for a peer to evict the marker as
+        # stale and claim the writer slot itself, the file now at <path>.write is the peer's live marker;
+        # unlinking it by path would let a second writer through and break mutual exclusion. The state lock
+        # serializes this against a concurrent break/claim, and the heartbeat is already stopped, so the
+        # token we read is authoritative. Mirrors the token re-check the stale-break path already does.
+        with self._locks.state:
+            read = _read_marker(self._paths.write)
+            if read is None:
+                return
+            info, _ = read
+            if info is None or not hmac.compare_digest(info.token, token):
+                return
+            _unlink(self._paths.write)
+
+    def _claim_writer_marker(self, token: str) -> bool:
+        # Claim the writer slot for ``token``. Must be called holding ``self._locks.state``. Evicts a
+        # stale marker first, then refuses to claim while a live ``.write`` exists so a peer holding the
+        # slot is waited out instead of overwritten.
+        _break_stale_marker(self._paths.write, stale_threshold=self.stale_threshold, now=time.time())
+        if _file_exists(self._paths.write):
+            return False
+        try:
+            _atomic_create_marker(self._paths.write, token)
+        except FileExistsError:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def _touch_writer_marker_if_ours(self, token: str) -> bool:
+        # Refresh the writer marker through a single O_NOFOLLOW fd, but only while it still carries our
+        # token. Returns False when the marker is gone or now belongs to a peer that reclaimed the slot,
+        # so the caller can re-claim rather than keep a stranger's marker alive. Mirrors _refresh_marker.
+        fd = _open_marker(self._paths.write)
+        if fd is None:
+            return False
+        try:
+            try:
+                data = os.read(fd, _MAX_MARKER_SIZE + 1)
+            except OSError:  # pragma: no cover - e.g. EAGAIN from a hostile FIFO that has a writer attached
+                return False
+            info = _parse_marker_bytes(data)
+            if info is None or not hmac.compare_digest(info.token, token):
+                return False
+            with suppress(OSError):
+                _touch(self._paths.write, fd=fd)
+            return True
+        finally:
+            os.close(fd)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_lock(
+        cls,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+    ) -> SoftReadWriteLock:
+        """
+        Return the singleton :class:`SoftReadWriteLock` for *lock_file*.
+
+        :param lock_file: path to the lock file; sidecar state/write/readers live next to it
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time in seconds; ``-1`` means block indefinitely
+        :param blocking: if ``False``, raise :class:`~filelock.Timeout` immediately when the lock is unavailable
+
+        :returns: the singleton lock instance
+
+        :raises ValueError: if an instance already exists for this path with different *timeout* or *blocking* values
+
+        """
+        return cls(lock_file, timeout, blocking=blocking)
+
+    def _acquire(
+        self,
+        mode: _Mode,
+        timeout: float | None,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool | None,
+    ) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        timeout = self.timeout if timeout is None else timeout
+        blocking = self.blocking if blocking is None else blocking
+
+        with self._locks.internal:
+            if self._fork_invalidated:
+                msg = f"SoftReadWriteLock on {self.lock_file} was invalidated by fork(); construct a new instance"
+                raise RuntimeError(msg)
+            if self._closed:
+                msg = f"SoftReadWriteLock on {self.lock_file} has been closed"
+                raise RuntimeError(msg)
+            if self._hold is not None:
+                return self._validate_reentrant(mode)
+
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+        if not blocking:
+            acquired = self._locks.transaction.acquire(blocking=False)
+        elif timeout == -1:
+            acquired = self._locks.transaction.acquire(blocking=True)
+        else:
+            acquired = self._locks.transaction.acquire(blocking=True, timeout=timeout)
+        if not acquired:
+            raise Timeout(self.lock_file) from None
+        try:
+            return self._do_acquire_inner(mode, timeout, start, blocking=blocking)
+        finally:
+            self._locks.transaction.release()
+
+    def _do_acquire_inner(
+        self,
+        mode: _Mode,
+        effective_timeout: float,
+        start: float,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool,
+    ) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        with self._locks.internal:
+            if self._hold is not None:
+                return self._validate_reentrant(mode)
+        deadline = None if effective_timeout == -1 else start + effective_timeout
+        token = secrets.token_hex(16)
+        if mode == "write":
+            marker_name, is_reader = self._acquire_writer_slot(token, deadline=deadline, blocking=blocking)
+        else:
+            marker_name, is_reader = self._acquire_reader_slot(token, deadline=deadline, blocking=blocking)
+        stop_event = threading.Event()
+        heartbeat = _HeartbeatThread(
+            refresh=self._refresh_marker,
+            interval=self.heartbeat_interval,
+            stop_event=stop_event,
+            name=f"filelock-heartbeat-{id(self):x}",
+        )
+        with self._locks.internal:
+            self._hold = _Hold(
+                level=1,
+                mode=mode,
+                write_thread_id=threading.get_ident() if mode == "write" else None,
+                marker_name=marker_name,
+                is_reader=is_reader,
+                token=token,
+                heartbeat_thread=heartbeat,
+                heartbeat_stop=stop_event,
+            )
+        heartbeat.start()
+        return AcquireReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    def _validate_reentrant(self, mode: _Mode) -> AcquireReturnProxy:
+        hold = self._hold
+        assert hold is not None  # noqa: S101
+        if hold.mode != mode:
+            opposite = "write" if mode == "read" else "read"
+            direction = "downgrade" if mode == "read" else "upgrade"
+            msg = (
+                f"Cannot acquire {mode} lock on {self.lock_file} (lock id: {id(self)}): "
+                f"already holding a {opposite} lock ({direction} not allowed)"
+            )
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+        if mode == "write" and (cur := threading.get_ident()) != hold.write_thread_id:
+            msg = (
+                f"Cannot acquire write lock on {self.lock_file} (lock id: {id(self)}) "
+                f"from thread {cur} while it is held by thread {hold.write_thread_id}"
+            )
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+        hold.level += 1
+        return AcquireReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    def _acquire_writer_slot(
+        self,
+        token: str,
+        *,
+        deadline: float | None,
+        blocking: bool,
+    ) -> tuple[str, bool]:
+        # Phase 2 scans readers/ via dirfd (where supported), so we need it open even though writers never
+        # create files inside.
+        self._open_readers_dir()
+
+        def try_claim_writer() -> bool:
+            with self._locks.state:
+                return self._claim_writer_marker(token)
+
+        def readers_drained_touching() -> bool:
+            with self._locks.state:
+                # Refresh our writer marker every scan iteration so phase 2 does not exceed
+                # ``stale_threshold`` under contention and get evicted. The refresh only happens while
+                # the marker is still ours: if we were paused past ``stale_threshold`` a peer can evict
+                # the stale marker and reclaim ``.write`` with its own token, and touching that path
+                # blindly would keep the peer's live marker alive and let this acquire finish as though
+                # we still held the slot, admitting a second writer. When the claim is no longer ours we
+                # re-claim the slot here (waiting behind the peer if it currently holds it) rather than
+                # trusting the foreign marker, mirroring the token re-check the stale-break and release
+                # paths already rely on.
+                if not self._touch_writer_marker_if_ours(token) and not self._claim_writer_marker(token):
+                    return False
+                self._break_stale_readers(time.time())
+                return not self._any_readers()
+
+        self._wait_for(try_claim_writer, deadline=deadline, blocking=blocking)
+        try:
+            self._wait_for(readers_drained_touching, deadline=deadline, blocking=blocking)
+        except Timeout:
+            # Give up our writer claim so readers can make progress again, but only while the marker is
+            # still ours: a peer may have evicted it as stale and claimed the slot while phase 2 waited.
+            self._unlink_writer_marker_if_ours(token)
+            raise
+        return self._paths.write, False
+
+    def _acquire_reader_slot(
+        self,
+        token: str,
+        *,
+        deadline: float | None,
+        blocking: bool,
+    ) -> tuple[str, bool]:
+        self._open_readers_dir()
+        reader_name = f"{uuid.uuid4().hex}.{os.getpid()}"
+        dir_fd = self._readers_dir_fd
+        full_reader_path = str(Path(self._paths.readers) / reader_name)
+
+        def try_claim_reader() -> bool:
+            with self._locks.state:
+                _break_stale_marker(self._paths.write, stale_threshold=self.stale_threshold, now=time.time())
+                if _file_exists(self._paths.write):
+                    return False
+                if dir_fd is not None:
+                    _atomic_create_marker(reader_name, token, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+                else:  # pragma: win32 cover
+                    _atomic_create_marker(full_reader_path, token)
+                return True
+
+        self._wait_for(try_claim_reader, deadline=deadline, blocking=blocking)
+        return (reader_name if dir_fd is not None else full_reader_path), True
+
+    def _wait_for(
+        self,
+        predicate: Callable[[], bool],
+        *,
+        deadline: float | None,
+        blocking: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        while True:
+            if predicate():
+                return
+            now = time.perf_counter()
+            if not blocking:
+                raise Timeout(self.lock_file)
+            if deadline is not None and now >= deadline:
+                raise Timeout(self.lock_file)
+            sleep_for = self.poll_interval
+            if deadline is not None:
+                sleep_for = min(sleep_for, max(deadline - now, 0.0))
+            time.sleep(sleep_for)
+
+    def _open_readers_dir(self) -> None:
+        readers_path = Path(self._paths.readers)
+        with suppress(FileExistsError):
+            readers_path.mkdir(mode=0o700)
+        # mkdir has no O_NOFOLLOW, so verify via lstat that we did not land on an attacker-placed symlink
+        # or a regular file before we open or scan inside.
+        st = os.lstat(self._paths.readers)
+        if stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) or not stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
+            msg = f"{self._paths.readers} exists but is not a directory or is a symlink; refusing to use it"
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+        if self._readers_dir_fd is None and _SUPPORTS_DIR_FD:
+            flags = os.O_RDONLY | getattr(os, "O_DIRECTORY", 0) | _O_NOFOLLOW
+            self._readers_dir_fd = os.open(self._paths.readers, flags)
+
+    def _any_readers(self) -> bool:
+        for _ in self._iter_reader_entries():
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def _iter_reader_entries(self) -> Generator[tuple[str, bool]]:
+        """
+        Yield ``(name, dirfd_relative)`` pairs for every live reader marker.
+
+        ``dirfd_relative`` is ``True`` when *name* should be passed to ``dir_fd=``-aware syscalls; ``False``
+        when *name* is a full path because dirfd-relative I/O is unavailable on this platform.
+        """
+        if self._readers_dir_fd is not None:
+            with os.scandir(self._readers_dir_fd) as it:
+                for entry in it:
+                    if not _is_housekeeping_name(entry.name):
+                        yield entry.name, True
+            return
+        readers_path = Path(self._paths.readers)  # pragma: win32 cover
+        with os.scandir(readers_path) as it:  # pragma: win32 cover
+            for entry in it:  # pragma: win32 cover
+                if not _is_housekeeping_name(entry.name):  # pragma: win32 cover
+                    yield str(readers_path / entry.name), False  # pragma: win32 cover
+
+    def _break_stale_readers(self, now: float) -> None:
+        names: list[tuple[str, int | None]] = []
+        try:
+            for name, dirfd_relative in self._iter_reader_entries():
+                names.append((name, self._readers_dir_fd if dirfd_relative else None))
+        except OSError:  # pragma: no cover - transient NFS scandir hiccup
+            return
+        for name, fd in names:
+            _break_stale_marker(name, stale_threshold=self.stale_threshold, now=now, dir_fd=fd)
+
+    def _refresh_marker(self) -> bool:
+        with self._locks.internal:
+            hold = self._hold
+            if hold is None:  # pragma: no cover - race between stop_event.set and join
+                return False
+            marker_name = hold.marker_name
+            token = hold.token
+            dir_fd = self._readers_dir_fd if hold.is_reader else None
+
+        # Open once with O_NOFOLLOW and touch that exact descriptor. Doing the refresh through the verified fd
+        # (instead of re-opening by name) closes the window where a peer unlinks our marker and drops a symlink
+        # or a different file at the path between the read and the touch: utime then lands on the inode we
+        # verified, or nowhere. A failed open means the marker is gone or was swapped out -- a peer evicted us
+        # -- so stop the heartbeat at once instead of waiting a tick.
+        fd = _open_marker(marker_name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+        if fd is None:
+            return False
+        try:
+            try:
+                data = os.read(fd, _MAX_MARKER_SIZE + 1)
+            except OSError:  # pragma: no cover - e.g. EAGAIN from a hostile FIFO that has a writer attached
+                return False
+            info = _parse_marker_bytes(data)
+            # Token mismatch means another process already evicted our marker and created its own; stop the
+            # thread so it does not keep a stranger's file alive.
+            if info is None or not hmac.compare_digest(info.token, token):
+                return False
+            # A transient touch failure (ESTALE / EIO on the NFS-style filesystems this lock targets) must not
+            # kill the heartbeat thread: the read above just confirmed the marker is still ours, so swallow the
+            # error and retry on the next tick rather than letting the lease lapse while we still hold the lock.
+            with suppress(OSError):
+                _touch(marker_name, fd=fd)
+            return True
+        finally:
+            os.close(fd)
+
+    def _reset_after_fork_in_child(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover - fork child not tracked
+        # Replace every lock this instance owns with a fresh one; the inherited locks may still be held
+        # by threads that no longer exist in the child. The readers dirfd and the SoftFileLock state
+        # mutex both get dropped for the same reason — the child re-creates them on its next acquire.
+        self._locks = _Locks(
+            internal=threading.Lock(),
+            transaction=threading.Lock(),
+            state=SoftFileLock(self._paths.state, timeout=-1),
+        )
+        self._hold = None
+        self._readers_dir_fd = None
+        self._fork_invalidated = True
+
+
+class _HeartbeatThread(threading.Thread):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        refresh: Callable[[], bool],
+        interval: float,
+        stop_event: threading.Event,
+        name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name=name, daemon=True)
+        self._refresh = refresh
+        self._interval = interval
+        self._stop_event = stop_event
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        while not self._stop_event.wait(self._interval):
+            if not self._refresh():
+                self._stop_event.set()
+                return
+
+
+def _atomic_create_marker(name: str, token: str, *, dir_fd: int | None = None) -> None:
+    # O_NOFOLLOW blocks the symlink-overwrite attack where an attacker pre-creates the marker path as a
+    # symlink pointing at a victim file. Mode 0o600 keeps the token unreadable to other users.
+    flags = os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL | os.O_WRONLY | _O_NOFOLLOW
+    if _SUPPORTS_DIR_FD and dir_fd is not None:
+        fd = os.open(name, flags, 0o600, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+    else:
+        fd = os.open(name, flags, 0o600)
+    try:
+        content = f"{token}\n{os.getpid()}\n{socket.gethostname()}\n".encode("ascii")
+        os.write(fd, content)
+    finally:
+        os.close(fd)
+
+
+def _open_marker(name: str, *, dir_fd: int | None = None) -> int | None:
+    # The file is ours; these guard a hostile mid-flight swap. O_NOFOLLOW rejects a symlink; O_NONBLOCK keeps
+    # a real FIFO from blocking the open forever, so it reads as a malformed marker instead of wedging a peer
+    # that holds the state lock.
+    flags = os.O_RDONLY | _O_NOFOLLOW | _O_NONBLOCK
+    try:
+        return os.open(name, flags, dir_fd=dir_fd) if _SUPPORTS_DIR_FD and dir_fd is not None else os.open(name, flags)
+    except OSError:
+        return None
+
+
+def _read_marker(name: str, *, dir_fd: int | None = None) -> tuple[_MarkerInfo | None, float] | None:
+    fd = _open_marker(name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+    if fd is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        try:
+            st = os.fstat(fd)
+            data = os.read(fd, _MAX_MARKER_SIZE + 1)
+        except OSError:  # pragma: no cover - e.g. EAGAIN from a hostile FIFO that has a writer attached
+            return None
+    finally:
+        os.close(fd)
+    return _parse_marker_bytes(data), st.st_mtime
+
+
+def _parse_marker_bytes(data: bytes) -> _MarkerInfo | None:
+    # Trust nothing about attacker-controlled markers; any deviation returns None so callers fall through
+    # to stale cleanup. ``re.match`` caches compiled patterns internally, so the regex is built only once
+    # despite being defined inline.
+    if not data or len(data) > _MAX_MARKER_SIZE:
+        return None
+    try:
+        text = data.decode("ascii")
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        return None
+    match = re.match(
+        r"""
+        \A                                  # start of string
+        (?P<token>    [0-9a-f]{32}     ) \n # 128-bit hex token
+        (?P<pid>      [1-9][0-9]{0,9}  ) \n # decimal pid: no leading zero, ≤ 10 digits
+        (?P<hostname> [\x21-\x7e]{1,253})   # printable non-whitespace ASCII (RFC 1123 hostname limit)
+        \n*                                 # tolerate sloppy writers that append extra newlines
+        \Z                                  # end of string
+        """,
+        text,
+        re.VERBOSE,
+    )
+    if match is None:
+        return None
+    pid = int(match["pid"], 10)
+    if pid > 2**31 - 1:
+        return None
+    return _MarkerInfo(token=match["token"], pid=pid, hostname=match["hostname"])
+
+
+def _break_stale_marker(  # noqa: PLR0911
+    name: str,
+    *,
+    stale_threshold: float,
+    now: float,
+    dir_fd: int | None = None,
+) -> bool:
+    # Atomic break pattern: read → rename to unique break-name → re-verify → unlink. The rename gives us a
+    # private name nobody else can touch; if the re-verify sees a newer mtime or a different token, the
+    # legitimate holder's heartbeat fired between read and rename and we must abort (leaving the .break.*
+    # file behind rather than rollback-renaming, because rollback is itself racy).
+    read_result = _read_marker(name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+    if read_result is None:
+        return False
+    info_before, mtime_before = read_result
+    if now - mtime_before <= stale_threshold:
+        return False
+    if info_before is None:
+        _unlink(name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+        return True
+
+    break_name = f"{name}{_BREAK_SUFFIX}.{os.getpid()}.{secrets.token_hex(16)}"
+    try:
+        if _SUPPORTS_DIR_FD and dir_fd is not None:
+            os.rename(name, break_name, src_dir_fd=dir_fd, dst_dir_fd=dir_fd)
+        else:
+            Path(name).rename(break_name)
+    except OSError:  # pragma: no cover - race where the marker vanishes between read and rename
+        return False
+
+    read_after = _read_marker(break_name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+    if read_after is None:  # pragma: no cover - race where a peer unlinks the break-name file
+        return False
+    info_after, mtime_after = read_after
+    if info_after is None:  # pragma: no cover - content replaced post-rename by a racing peer
+        _unlink(break_name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+        return True
+    if not hmac.compare_digest(info_before.token, info_after.token):  # pragma: no cover - race only
+        return False
+    if mtime_after > mtime_before:  # pragma: no cover - heartbeat raced our rename
+        return False
+    _unlink(break_name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+    return True
+
+
+def _unlink(name: str, *, dir_fd: int | None = None) -> None:
+    with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+        if _SUPPORTS_DIR_FD and dir_fd is not None:
+            # Path.unlink has no dir_fd support, so we stay on os.unlink for the dirfd path.
+            os.unlink(name, dir_fd=dir_fd)
+        else:
+            Path(name).unlink()
+
+
+def _touch(name: str, *, fd: int | None = None) -> None:
+    # Prefer the already-open, already-verified fd so a peer that swaps a symlink or a different file in at the
+    # path after our O_NOFOLLOW read cannot redirect the touch: utime then targets the inode behind the fd.
+    # Where the platform cannot utime an fd, fall back to a path-based touch that still refuses to follow a
+    # symlink where supported -- matching the O_NOFOLLOW reads used everywhere else here.
+    if fd is not None and _SUPPORTS_UTIME_FD:
+        os.utime(fd, None)
+        return
+    os.utime(name, None, follow_symlinks=not _SUPPORTS_UTIME_NOFOLLOW)
+
+
+def _file_exists(path: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        st = os.lstat(path)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return False
+    return stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode)
+
+
+def _is_housekeeping_name(name: str) -> bool:
+    return name.startswith(".") or _BREAK_SUFFIX in name
+
+
+def _reset_all_after_fork() -> None:  # pragma: no cover - fork child, not tracked by coverage
+    global _all_instances_lock  # noqa: PLW0603
+    # User-created threading locks do not auto-reset across fork: any lock held by a parent thread stays
+    # locked in the child with no owner to release it. Replace the module-level lock and every instance's
+    # locks with fresh ones; the child is single-threaded at this point so no synchronization is needed.
+    _all_instances_lock = threading.Lock()
+    for instance in list(_all_instances.values()):
+        instance._reset_after_fork_in_child()  # noqa: SLF001
+
+
+def _cleanup_all_instances() -> None:  # pragma: no cover - runs from atexit at interpreter shutdown
+    for instance in list(_all_instances.values()):
+        with suppress(Exception):
+            instance.release(force=True)
+
+
+def _register_hooks() -> None:
+    global _atexit_registered, _fork_registered  # noqa: PLW0603
+    if not _atexit_registered:
+        atexit.register(_cleanup_all_instances)
+        _atexit_registered = True
+    # after_in_child replaces inherited state so the child cannot double-own any lock the parent held.
+    if not _fork_registered and hasattr(os, "register_at_fork"):
+        os.register_at_fork(after_in_child=_reset_all_after_fork)
+        _fork_registered = True
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "SoftReadWriteLock",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_unix.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_unix.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..049caa194fb1e858902fba9ac42a0249cb32812c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_unix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+import warnings
+from contextlib import suppress
+from errno import EAGAIN, ENOSYS, EWOULDBLOCK
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import cast
+
+from ._api import BaseFileLock
+from ._util import ensure_directory_exists
+
+#: a flag to indicate if the fcntl API is available
+has_fcntl = False
+if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: win32 cover
+
+    class UnixFileLock(BaseFileLock):
+        """Uses the :func:`fcntl.flock` to hard lock the lock file on unix systems."""
+
+        def _acquire(self) -> None:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        def _release(self) -> None:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+else:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    try:
+        import fcntl
+
+        _ = (fcntl.flock, fcntl.LOCK_EX, fcntl.LOCK_NB, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+        pass
+    else:
+        has_fcntl = True
+
+    class UnixFileLock(BaseFileLock):
+        """
+        Uses the :func:`fcntl.flock` to hard lock the lock file on unix systems.
+
+        The lock file is intentionally left in place after release. Unlinking a locked file on Unix
+        can split waiters across different inodes and break mutual exclusion for processes that
+        coordinate via the same path.
+        """
+
+        def _acquire(self) -> None:  # noqa: C901, PLR0912
+            ensure_directory_exists(self.lock_file)
+            open_flags = os.O_RDWR | os.O_TRUNC
+            o_nofollow = getattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW", None)
+            if o_nofollow is not None:
+                open_flags |= o_nofollow
+            open_flags |= os.O_CREAT
+            open_mode = self._open_mode()
+            try:
+                fd = os.open(self.lock_file, open_flags, open_mode)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                # On FUSE/NFS, os.open(O_CREAT) is not atomic: LOOKUP + CREATE can be split, allowing a concurrent
+                # unlink() to delete the file between them. For valid paths, treat ENOENT as transient contention.
+                # For invalid paths (e.g., empty string), re-raise to avoid infinite retry loops.
+                if self.lock_file and Path(self.lock_file).parent.exists():
+                    return
+                raise
+            except PermissionError:
+                # Sticky-bit dirs (e.g. /tmp): O_CREAT fails if the file is owned by another user (#317).
+                # Fall back to opening the existing file without O_CREAT.
+                if not Path(self.lock_file).exists():
+                    raise
+                try:
+                    fd = os.open(self.lock_file, open_flags & ~os.O_CREAT, open_mode)
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    return
+            if self.has_explicit_mode:
+                with suppress(PermissionError):
+                    os.fchmod(fd, self._context.mode)
+            try:
+                fcntl.flock(fd, fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
+            except OSError as exception:
+                os.close(fd)
+                if exception.errno == ENOSYS:
+                    with suppress(OSError):
+                        Path(self.lock_file).unlink()
+                    self._fallback_to_soft_lock()
+                    self._acquire()
+                    return
+                if exception.errno not in {EAGAIN, EWOULDBLOCK}:
+                    raise
+            else:
+                # The file may have been unlinked by a concurrent _release() between our open() and flock().
+                # A lock on an unlinked inode is useless — discard and let the retry loop start fresh.
+                if os.fstat(fd).st_nlink == 0:
+                    os.close(fd)
+                else:
+                    self._context.lock_file_fd = fd
+
+        def _fallback_to_soft_lock(self) -> None:
+            from ._soft import SoftFileLock  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+            warnings.warn("flock not supported on this filesystem, falling back to SoftFileLock", stacklevel=2)
+            from .asyncio import AsyncSoftFileLock, BaseAsyncFileLock  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+            self.__class__ = AsyncSoftFileLock if isinstance(self, BaseAsyncFileLock) else SoftFileLock
+
+        def _release(self) -> None:
+            fd = cast("int", self._context.lock_file_fd)
+            self._context.lock_file_fd = None
+            fcntl.flock(fd, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+            with suppress(OSError):  # close can raise EIO on FUSE/Docker bind-mount filesystems
+                os.close(fd)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "UnixFileLock",
+    "has_fcntl",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_util.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..deb3823500d838c579c3fcdfc87024cb82df9dcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import secrets
+import stat
+import sys
+from errno import EACCES, EISDIR
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def raise_on_not_writable_file(filename: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Raise an exception if attempting to open the file for writing would fail.
+
+    This is done so files that will never be writable can be separated from files that are writable but currently
+    locked.
+
+    :param filename: file to check
+
+    :raises OSError: as if the file was opened for writing.
+
+    """
+    try:  # use lstat to do exists + can write to check without race condition
+        # lstat, not stat: a hostile symlink planted at the lock path would otherwise make this check inspect the
+        # link target, so an attacker could turn a contended acquire into a misleading PermissionError /
+        # IsADirectoryError and probe the target's attributes. The actual open uses O_NOFOLLOW and refuses the
+        # symlink anyway, so reading the link itself here keeps the handling consistent with the rest of the module.
+        file_stat = os.lstat(filename)
+    except OSError:
+        return  # swallow does not exist or other errors
+
+    # No mtime guard: the old `if st_mtime != 0` skip existed for very old NFS/Linux quirks where os.lstat could
+    # return an all-zero struct, which it never does today for a file that exists. Skipping the checks when mtime
+    # happened to be 0 let a read-only file or a directory in the lock path pass as missing, so acquire() then
+    # blocked forever waiting on an open that cannot succeed (or locked a file nothing else can write).
+    if not (file_stat.st_mode & stat.S_IWUSR):
+        raise PermissionError(EACCES, "Permission denied", filename)
+
+    if stat.S_ISDIR(file_stat.st_mode):
+        if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: win32 cover
+            # On Windows, this is PermissionError
+            raise PermissionError(EACCES, "Permission denied", filename)
+        else:  # pragma: win32 no cover # noqa: RET506
+            # On linux / macOS, this is IsADirectoryError
+            raise IsADirectoryError(EISDIR, "Is a directory", filename)
+
+
+def ensure_directory_exists(filename: Path | str) -> None:
+    """
+    Ensure the directory containing the file exists (create it if necessary).
+
+    :param filename: file.
+
+    """
+    Path(filename).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+
+def break_lock_file(lock_file: str, mtime_before: float, ino_before: int) -> None:
+    """
+    Atomically break a stale lock file that was judged stale at modification time *mtime_before*.
+
+    The file is renamed to a process-private name before being unlinked, so two processes breaking the same lock
+    cannot delete each other's work (only one rename of a given inode succeeds; the loser gets ``OSError``). After the
+    rename the file is re-checked: a newer modification time, or a different inode than *ino_before*, means a peer
+    recreated the lock between the stale decision and the rename, so we grabbed a live file and must abort, leaving the
+    renamed file in place rather than rolling back (a rollback rename is itself racy — same trade-off as the soft
+    read/write marker break). The inode check matters because filesystems with coarse modification-time granularity
+    (NFS, FAT) can give a same-second recreation the old mtime, so mtime alone would not catch it and a live lock would
+    be unlinked; the inode is the reliable identity, mirroring the token re-check in the soft read/write marker break.
+    ``lstat`` is used so a hostile symlink swapped in after the decision is not followed.
+
+    The break name carries a random token so it is unguessable and unique per attempt. Without it two breakers in the
+    same process share ``<lock>.break.<pid>``, and a second break can rename a freshly recreated live lock onto that
+    path in the window between the re-verify ``lstat`` above and the ``unlink`` below, so we would delete a live lock
+    the inode check just approved. A private name means nobody else can target our break path, matching the soft
+    read/write marker break.
+
+    :param lock_file: path to the lock file to break.
+    :param mtime_before: modification time observed when the lock was judged stale.
+    :param ino_before: inode number observed when the lock was judged stale.
+
+    :raises OSError: if the rename fails (e.g. the file vanished or is not owned in a sticky directory).
+
+    """
+    break_path = f"{lock_file}.break.{os.getpid()}.{secrets.token_hex(16)}"
+    Path(lock_file).rename(break_path)
+    try:
+        st_after = os.lstat(break_path)
+    except OSError:
+        return
+    if st_after.st_mtime > mtime_before or st_after.st_ino != ino_before:
+        return
+    Path(break_path).unlink()
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "break_lock_file",
+    "ensure_directory_exists",
+    "raise_on_not_writable_file",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_windows.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe4903aed7b156e7a72ff4ee4ed5c99dac3f354c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/_windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+from contextlib import suppress
+from errno import EACCES
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import cast
+
+from ._api import BaseFileLock
+from ._util import ensure_directory_exists, raise_on_not_writable_file
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: win32 cover
+    import ctypes
+    import msvcrt
+    from ctypes import wintypes
+
+    # Windows API constants for reparse point detection
+    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT = 0x00000400
+    INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES = 0xFFFFFFFF
+
+    # Load kernel32.dll
+    _kernel32 = ctypes.WinDLL("kernel32", use_last_error=True)
+    _kernel32.GetFileAttributesW.argtypes = [wintypes.LPCWSTR]
+    _kernel32.GetFileAttributesW.restype = wintypes.DWORD
+
+    def _is_reparse_point(path: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if a path is a reparse point (symlink, junction, etc.) on Windows.
+
+        :param path: Path to check
+
+        :returns: True if path is a reparse point, False otherwise
+
+        :raises OSError: If GetFileAttributesW fails for reasons other than file-not-found
+
+        """
+        attrs = _kernel32.GetFileAttributesW(path)
+        if attrs == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES:
+            # File doesn't exist yet - that's fine, we'll create it
+            err = ctypes.get_last_error()
+            if err == 2:  # noqa: PLR2004  # ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
+                return False
+            if err == 3:  # noqa: PLR2004 # ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND
+                return False
+            # Some other error - let caller handle it
+            return False
+        return bool(attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)
+
+    class WindowsFileLock(BaseFileLock):
+        """
+        Uses the :func:`msvcrt.locking` function to hard lock the lock file on Windows systems.
+
+        Lock file cleanup: Windows attempts to delete the lock file after release, but deletion is
+        not guaranteed in multi-threaded scenarios where another thread holds an open handle. The lock
+        file may persist on disk, which does not affect lock correctness.
+        """
+
+        def _acquire(self) -> None:
+            raise_on_not_writable_file(self.lock_file)
+            ensure_directory_exists(self.lock_file)
+
+            # Security check: Refuse to open reparse points (symlinks, junctions)
+            # This prevents TOCTOU symlink attacks (CVE-TBD)
+            if _is_reparse_point(self.lock_file):
+                msg = f"Lock file is a reparse point (symlink/junction): {self.lock_file}"
+                raise OSError(msg)
+
+            flags = (
+                os.O_RDWR  # open for read and write
+                | os.O_CREAT  # create file if not exists
+            )
+            try:
+                fd = os.open(self.lock_file, flags, self._open_mode())
+            except OSError as exception:
+                if exception.errno != EACCES:  # has no access to this lock
+                    raise
+            else:
+                try:
+                    msvcrt.locking(fd, msvcrt.LK_NBLCK, 1)
+                except OSError as exception:
+                    os.close(fd)  # close file first
+                    if exception.errno != EACCES:  # file is already locked
+                        raise
+                else:
+                    self._context.lock_file_fd = fd
+
+        def _release(self) -> None:
+            fd = cast("int", self._context.lock_file_fd)
+            self._context.lock_file_fd = None
+            msvcrt.locking(fd, msvcrt.LK_UNLCK, 1)
+            os.close(fd)
+
+            with suppress(OSError):
+                Path(self.lock_file).unlink()
+
+else:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+
+    class WindowsFileLock(BaseFileLock):
+        """Uses the :func:`msvcrt.locking` function to hard lock the lock file on Windows systems."""
+
+        def _acquire(self) -> None:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        def _release(self) -> None:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "WindowsFileLock",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/asyncio.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/asyncio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ad7808628390b8206e174ea2f7cd31231c37e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/asyncio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+"""An asyncio-based implementation of the file lock."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import contextlib
+import logging
+import os
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+from threading import local
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NoReturn, TypeVar
+
+from ._api import _UNSET_FILE_MODE, BaseFileLock, FileLockContext, FileLockMeta
+from ._error import Timeout
+from ._soft import SoftFileLock
+from ._unix import UnixFileLock
+from ._windows import WindowsFileLock
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import sys
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from concurrent import futures
+    from types import TracebackType
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover (py311+)
+        from typing import Self
+    else:  # pragma: no cover (<py311)
+        from typing_extensions import Self
+
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger("filelock")
+
+
+@dataclass
+class AsyncFileLockContext(FileLockContext):
+    """A dataclass which holds the context for a ``BaseAsyncFileLock`` object."""
+
+    #: Whether run in executor
+    run_in_executor: bool = True
+
+    #: The executor
+    executor: futures.Executor | None = None
+
+    #: The loop
+    loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None
+
+
+class AsyncThreadLocalFileContext(AsyncFileLockContext, local):
+    """A thread local version of the ``FileLockContext`` class."""
+
+
+class AsyncAcquireReturnProxy:
+    """A context-aware object that will release the lock file when exiting."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lock: BaseAsyncFileLock) -> None:  # noqa: D107
+        self.lock = lock
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> BaseAsyncFileLock:  # noqa: D105
+        return self.lock
+
+    async def __aexit__(  # noqa: D105
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.lock.release()
+
+
+_AT = TypeVar("_AT", bound="BaseAsyncFileLock")
+
+
+class AsyncFileLockMeta(FileLockMeta):
+    def __call__(  # ty: ignore[invalid-method-override]  # noqa: PLR0913
+        cls: type[_AT],  # noqa: N805
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        mode: int = _UNSET_FILE_MODE,
+        thread_local: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = False,
+        poll_interval: float = 0.05,
+        lifetime: float | None = None,
+        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+        run_in_executor: bool = True,
+        executor: futures.Executor | None = None,
+    ) -> _AT:
+        if thread_local and run_in_executor:
+            msg = "run_in_executor is not supported when thread_local is True"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        return super().__call__(
+            lock_file=lock_file,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            mode=mode,
+            thread_local=thread_local,
+            blocking=blocking,
+            is_singleton=is_singleton,
+            poll_interval=poll_interval,
+            lifetime=lifetime,
+            loop=loop,
+            run_in_executor=run_in_executor,
+            executor=executor,
+        )
+
+
+class BaseAsyncFileLock(BaseFileLock, metaclass=AsyncFileLockMeta):
+    """
+    Base class for asynchronous file locks.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.15.0
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        self,
+        lock_file: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        timeout: float = -1,
+        mode: int = _UNSET_FILE_MODE,
+        thread_local: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        *,
+        blocking: bool = True,
+        is_singleton: bool = False,
+        poll_interval: float = 0.05,
+        lifetime: float | None = None,
+        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+        run_in_executor: bool = True,
+        executor: futures.Executor | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a new lock object.
+
+        :param lock_file: path to the file
+        :param timeout: default timeout when acquiring the lock, in seconds. It will be used as fallback value in the
+            acquire method, if no timeout value (``None``) is given. If you want to disable the timeout, set it to a
+            negative value. A timeout of 0 means that there is exactly one attempt to acquire the file lock.
+        :param mode: file permissions for the lockfile. When not specified, the OS controls permissions via umask and
+            default ACLs, preserving POSIX default ACL inheritance in shared directories.
+        :param thread_local: Whether this object's internal context should be thread local or not. If this is set to
+            ``False`` then the lock will be reentrant across threads. When ``True`` (the default), **all fields of the
+            lock's internal context are per-thread**, including the configuration values ``poll_interval``, ``timeout``,
+            ``blocking``, ``mode``, and ``lifetime``. Setting one of these properties from one thread does not change
+            the value seen by another thread; threads that did not perform the write continue to see the value supplied
+            at construction time. If you need configuration values to be visible across threads, construct the lock
+            with ``thread_local=False``.
+        :param blocking: whether the lock should be blocking or not
+        :param is_singleton: If this is set to ``True`` then only one instance of this class will be created per lock
+            file. This is useful if you want to use the lock object for reentrant locking without needing to pass the
+            same object around.
+        :param poll_interval: default interval for polling the lock file, in seconds. It will be used as fallback value
+            in the acquire method, if no poll_interval value (``None``) is given.
+        :param lifetime: maximum time in seconds a lock can be held before it is considered expired. When set, a waiting
+            process will break a lock whose file modification time is older than ``lifetime`` seconds. ``None`` (the
+            default) means locks never expire.
+        :param loop: The event loop to use. If not specified, the running event loop will be used.
+        :param run_in_executor: If this is set to ``True`` then the lock will be acquired in an executor.
+        :param executor: The executor to use. If not specified, the default executor will be used.
+
+        """
+        self._is_thread_local = thread_local
+        self._is_singleton = is_singleton
+
+        # Create the context. Note that external code should not work with the context directly and should instead use
+        # properties of this class.
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "lock_file": os.fspath(lock_file),
+            "timeout": timeout,
+            "mode": mode,
+            "blocking": blocking,
+            "poll_interval": poll_interval,
+            "lifetime": lifetime,
+            "loop": loop,
+            "run_in_executor": run_in_executor,
+            "executor": executor,
+        }
+        self._context: AsyncFileLockContext = (AsyncThreadLocalFileContext if thread_local else AsyncFileLockContext)(
+            **kwargs
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def run_in_executor(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether run in executor."""
+        return self._context.run_in_executor
+
+    @property
+    def executor(self) -> futures.Executor | None:
+        """The executor."""
+        return self._context.executor
+
+    @executor.setter
+    def executor(self, value: futures.Executor | None) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Change the executor.
+
+        :param futures.Executor | None value: the new executor or ``None``
+
+        """
+        self._context.executor = value
+
+    @property
+    def loop(self) -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None:
+        """The event loop."""
+        return self._context.loop
+
+    async def acquire(  # ty: ignore[invalid-method-override]
+        self,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        poll_interval: float | None = None,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool | None = None,
+        cancel_check: Callable[[], bool] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncAcquireReturnProxy:
+        """
+        Try to acquire the file lock.
+
+        :param timeout: maximum wait time for acquiring the lock, ``None`` means use the default
+            :attr:`~BaseFileLock.timeout` is and if ``timeout < 0``, there is no timeout and this method will block
+            until the lock could be acquired
+        :param poll_interval: interval of trying to acquire the lock file, ``None`` means use the default
+            :attr:`~BaseFileLock.poll_interval`
+        :param blocking: defaults to True. If False, function will return immediately if it cannot obtain a lock on the
+            first attempt. Otherwise, this method will block until the timeout expires or the lock is acquired.
+        :param cancel_check: a callable returning ``True`` when the acquisition should be canceled. Checked on each poll
+            iteration. When triggered, raises :class:`~Timeout` just like an expired timeout.
+
+        :returns: a context object that will unlock the file when the context is exited
+
+        :raises Timeout: if fails to acquire lock within the timeout period
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            # You can use this method in the context manager (recommended)
+            with lock.acquire():
+                pass
+
+            # Or use an equivalent try-finally construct:
+            lock.acquire()
+            try:
+                pass
+            finally:
+                lock.release()
+
+        """
+        # Use the default timeout, if no timeout is provided.
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = self._context.timeout
+
+        if blocking is None:
+            blocking = self._context.blocking
+
+        if poll_interval is None:
+            poll_interval = self._context.poll_interval
+
+        # Increment the number right at the beginning. We can still undo it, if something fails.
+        self._context.lock_counter += 1
+
+        start_time = time.perf_counter()
+        try:
+            await self._async_poll_until_acquired(
+                blocking=blocking,
+                cancel_check=cancel_check,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                poll_interval=poll_interval,
+                start_time=start_time,
+            )
+        except BaseException:  # Something did go wrong, so decrement the counter.
+            self._context.lock_counter = max(0, self._context.lock_counter - 1)
+            raise
+        return AsyncAcquireReturnProxy(lock=self)
+
+    async def _async_poll_until_acquired(
+        self,
+        *,
+        blocking: bool,
+        cancel_check: Callable[[], bool] | None,
+        timeout: float,
+        poll_interval: float,
+        start_time: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        lock_id = id(self)
+        lock_filename = self.lock_file
+        while True:
+            if not self.is_locked:
+                self._try_break_expired_lock()
+                _LOGGER.debug("Attempting to acquire lock %s on %s", lock_id, lock_filename)
+                await self._run_internal_method(self._acquire)
+            if self.is_locked:
+                _LOGGER.debug("Lock %s acquired on %s", lock_id, lock_filename)
+                return
+            if self._check_give_up(
+                lock_id,
+                lock_filename,
+                blocking=blocking,
+                cancel_check=cancel_check,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                start_time=start_time,
+            ):
+                raise Timeout(lock_filename)
+            msg = "Lock %s not acquired on %s, waiting %s seconds ..."
+            _LOGGER.debug(msg, lock_id, lock_filename, poll_interval)
+            await asyncio.sleep(poll_interval)
+
+    async def release(self, force: bool = False) -> None:  # ty: ignore[invalid-method-override]  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        """
+        Release the file lock. The lock is only completely released when the lock counter reaches 0. The lock file
+        itself may be deleted automatically, the behavior is platform-specific.
+
+        :param force: If true, the lock counter is ignored and the lock is released in every case.
+
+        """
+        if self.is_locked:
+            self._context.lock_counter -= 1
+
+            if self._context.lock_counter == 0 or force:
+                lock_id, lock_filename = id(self), self.lock_file
+
+                _LOGGER.debug("Attempting to release lock %s on %s", lock_id, lock_filename)
+                await self._run_internal_method(self._release)
+                self._context.lock_counter = 0
+                _LOGGER.debug("Lock %s released on %s", lock_id, lock_filename)
+
+    async def _run_internal_method(self, method: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+        if iscoroutinefunction(method):
+            await method()
+        elif self.run_in_executor:
+            await asyncio.get_running_loop().run_in_executor(self.executor, method)
+        else:
+            method()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> NoReturn:
+        """Sync context manager entry is not supported because lock acquisition is a coroutine."""
+        msg = "Use `async with` — acquire/release are coroutines and cannot be awaited in a sync context manager."
+        raise NotImplementedError(msg)
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: object,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Sync context manager exit is not supported because lock release is a coroutine."""
+        msg = "Use `async with` — acquire/release are coroutines and cannot be awaited in a sync context manager."
+        raise NotImplementedError(msg)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Self:
+        """
+        Acquire the lock.
+
+        :returns: the lock object
+
+        """
+        await self.acquire()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the lock.
+
+        :param exc_type: the exception type if raised
+        :param exc_value: the exception value if raised
+        :param traceback: the exception traceback if raised
+
+        """
+        await self.release()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        """Release on deletion — safe to call during GC even when no event loop is running."""
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            try:
+                loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            except RuntimeError:
+                # No running loop — try stored loop or create one
+                loop = self._context.loop if self._context.loop and not self._context.loop.is_closed() else None
+            if loop is None:
+                return
+            if not loop.is_running():  # pragma: no cover
+                loop.run_until_complete(self.release(force=True))
+            else:
+                loop.create_task(self.release(force=True))
+
+
+class AsyncSoftFileLock(SoftFileLock, BaseAsyncFileLock):
+    """Simply watches the existence of the lock file."""
+
+
+class AsyncUnixFileLock(UnixFileLock, BaseAsyncFileLock):
+    """Uses the :func:`fcntl.flock` to hard lock the lock file on unix systems."""
+
+
+class AsyncWindowsFileLock(WindowsFileLock, BaseAsyncFileLock):
+    """Uses the :func:`msvcrt.locking` to hard lock the lock file on windows systems."""
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AsyncAcquireReturnProxy",
+    "AsyncSoftFileLock",
+    "AsyncUnixFileLock",
+    "AsyncWindowsFileLock",
+    "BaseAsyncFileLock",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/py.typed b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/version.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..389f0c2946d35dc03ba3fce7249f7500ee764e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/filelock/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file generated by vcs-versioning
+# don't change, don't track in version control
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "__version_tuple__",
+    "version",
+    "version_tuple",
+    "__commit_id__",
+    "commit_id",
+]
+
+version: str
+__version__: str
+__version_tuple__: tuple[int | str, ...]
+version_tuple: tuple[int | str, ...]
+commit_id: str | None
+__commit_id__: str | None
+
+__version__ = version = '3.29.6'
+__version_tuple__ = version_tuple = (3, 29, 6)
+
+__commit_id__ = commit_id = None
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec-2026.6.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec-2026.6.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c69047b2eb8235994febeeae1da4a82365a240a
--- /dev/null
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+uv
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diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec-2026.6.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec-2026.6.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50fd308daef5f325d3825526faad0a8678cd0dee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec-2026.6.0.dist-info/METADATA
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+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: fsspec
+Version: 2026.6.0
+Summary: File-system specification
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec
+Maintainer-email: Martin Durant <mdurant@anaconda.com>
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+License-File: LICENSE
+Keywords: file
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Provides-Extra: abfs
+Requires-Dist: adlfs; extra == 'abfs'
+Provides-Extra: adl
+Requires-Dist: adlfs; extra == 'adl'
+Provides-Extra: arrow
+Requires-Dist: pyarrow>=1; extra == 'arrow'
+Provides-Extra: dask
+Requires-Dist: dask; extra == 'dask'
+Requires-Dist: distributed; extra == 'dask'
+Provides-Extra: dev
+Requires-Dist: pre-commit; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: ruff>=0.5; extra == 'dev'
+Provides-Extra: doc
+Requires-Dist: numpydoc; extra == 'doc'
+Requires-Dist: sphinx; extra == 'doc'
+Requires-Dist: sphinx-design; extra == 'doc'
+Requires-Dist: sphinx-rtd-theme; extra == 'doc'
+Requires-Dist: yarl; extra == 'doc'
+Provides-Extra: dropbox
+Requires-Dist: dropbox; extra == 'dropbox'
+Requires-Dist: dropboxdrivefs; extra == 'dropbox'
+Requires-Dist: requests; extra == 'dropbox'
+Provides-Extra: entrypoints
+Provides-Extra: full
+Requires-Dist: adlfs; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: aiohttp!=4.0.0a0,!=4.0.0a1; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: dask; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: distributed; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: dropbox; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: dropboxdrivefs; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: fusepy; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: gcsfs>2024.2.0; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: libarchive-c; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: ocifs; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: panel; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: paramiko; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: pyarrow>=1; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: pygit2; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: requests; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: s3fs>2024.2.0; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: smbprotocol; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: tqdm; extra == 'full'
+Provides-Extra: fuse
+Requires-Dist: fusepy; extra == 'fuse'
+Provides-Extra: gcs
+Requires-Dist: gcsfs>2024.2.0; extra == 'gcs'
+Provides-Extra: git
+Requires-Dist: pygit2; extra == 'git'
+Provides-Extra: github
+Requires-Dist: requests; extra == 'github'
+Provides-Extra: gs
+Requires-Dist: gcsfs; extra == 'gs'
+Provides-Extra: gui
+Requires-Dist: panel; extra == 'gui'
+Provides-Extra: hdfs
+Requires-Dist: pyarrow>=1; extra == 'hdfs'
+Provides-Extra: http
+Requires-Dist: aiohttp!=4.0.0a0,!=4.0.0a1; extra == 'http'
+Provides-Extra: libarchive
+Requires-Dist: libarchive-c; extra == 'libarchive'
+Provides-Extra: oci
+Requires-Dist: ocifs; extra == 'oci'
+Provides-Extra: s3
+Requires-Dist: s3fs>2024.2.0; extra == 's3'
+Provides-Extra: sftp
+Requires-Dist: paramiko; extra == 'sftp'
+Provides-Extra: smb
+Requires-Dist: smbprotocol; extra == 'smb'
+Provides-Extra: ssh
+Requires-Dist: paramiko; extra == 'ssh'
+Provides-Extra: test
+Requires-Dist: aiohttp!=4.0.0a0,!=4.0.0a1; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: numpy; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-asyncio!=0.22.0; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-benchmark; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-mock; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-recording; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-rerunfailures; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: requests; extra == 'test'
+Provides-Extra: test-downstream
+Requires-Dist: aiobotocore<3.0.0,>=2.5.4; extra == 'test-downstream'
+Requires-Dist: dask[dataframe,test]; extra == 'test-downstream'
+Requires-Dist: moto[server]<5,>4; extra == 'test-downstream'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-timeout; extra == 'test-downstream'
+Requires-Dist: xarray; extra == 'test-downstream'
+Provides-Extra: test-full
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+Requires-Dist: dropboxdrivefs; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: fastparquet; extra == 'test-full'
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+Requires-Dist: gcsfs; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: jinja2; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: kerchunk; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: libarchive-c; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: lz4; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: notebook; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: numpy; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: ocifs; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: pandas<3.0.0; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: panel; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: paramiko; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: pyarrow; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: pyarrow>=1; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: pyftpdlib; extra == 'test-full'
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+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-asyncio!=0.22.0; extra == 'test-full'
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+Requires-Dist: pytest-rerunfailures; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: python-snappy; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: requests; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: smbprotocol; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: tqdm; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: urllib3; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: zarr<3.2.0; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: zstandard; (python_version < '3.14') and extra == 'test-full'
+Provides-Extra: tqdm
+Requires-Dist: tqdm; extra == 'tqdm'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# filesystem_spec
+
+[![PyPI version](https://badge.fury.io/py/fsspec.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/fsspec/)
+[![Anaconda-Server Badge](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/fsspec/badges/version.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/fsspec)
+![Build](https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/workflows/CI/badge.svg)
+[![Docs](https://readthedocs.org/projects/filesystem-spec/badge/?version=latest)](https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
+
+A specification for pythonic filesystems.
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+pip install fsspec
+```
+
+would install the base fsspec. Various optionally supported features might require specification of custom
+extra require, e.g. `pip install fsspec[ssh]` will install dependencies for `ssh` backends support.
+Use `pip install fsspec[full]` for installation of all known extra dependencies.
+
+Up-to-date package also provided through conda-forge distribution:
+
+```bash
+conda install -c conda-forge fsspec
+```
+
+
+## Purpose
+
+To produce a template or specification for a file-system interface, that specific implementations should follow,
+so that applications making use of them can rely on a common behaviour and not have to worry about the specific
+internal implementation decisions with any given backend. Many such implementations are included in this package,
+or in sister projects such as `s3fs` and `gcsfs`.
+
+In addition, if this is well-designed, then additional functionality, such as a key-value store or FUSE
+mounting of the file-system implementation may be available for all implementations "for free".
+
+## Documentation
+
+Please refer to [RTD](https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
+
+## Develop
+
+fsspec uses GitHub Actions for CI. Environment files can be found
+in the "ci/" directory. Note that the main environment is called "py38",
+but it is expected that the version of python installed be adjustable at
+CI runtime. For local use, pick a version suitable for you.
+
+```bash
+# For a new environment (mamba / conda).
+mamba create -n fsspec -c conda-forge  python=3.10 -y
+conda activate fsspec
+
+# Standard dev install with docs and tests.
+pip install -e ".[dev,doc,test]"
+
+# Full tests except for downstream
+pip install s3fs
+pip uninstall s3fs
+pip install -e .[dev,doc,test_full]
+pip install s3fs --no-deps
+pytest -v
+
+# Downstream tests.
+sh install_s3fs.sh
+# Windows powershell.
+install_s3fs.sh
+```
+
+### Testing
+
+Tests can be run in the dev environment, if activated, via ``pytest fsspec``.
+
+The full fsspec suite requires a system-level docker, docker-compose, and fuse
+installation. If only making changes to one backend implementation, it is
+not generally necessary to run all tests locally.
+
+It is expected that contributors ensure that any change to fsspec does not
+cause issues or regressions for either other fsspec-related packages such
+as gcsfs and s3fs, nor for downstream users of fsspec. The "downstream" CI
+run and corresponding environment file run a set of tests from the dask
+test suite, and very minimal tests against pandas and zarr from the
+test_downstream.py module in this repo.
+
+### Code Formatting
+
+fsspec uses [Black](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable) to ensure
+a consistent code format throughout the project.
+Run ``black fsspec`` from the root of the filesystem_spec repository to
+auto-format your code. Additionally, many editors have plugins that will apply
+``black`` as you edit files. ``black`` is included in the ``tox`` environments.
+
+Optionally, you may wish to setup [pre-commit hooks](https://pre-commit.com) to
+automatically run ``black`` when you make a git commit.
+Run ``pre-commit install --install-hooks`` from the root of the
+filesystem_spec repository to setup pre-commit hooks. ``black`` will now be run
+before you commit, reformatting any changed files. You can format without
+committing via ``pre-commit run`` or skip these checks with ``git commit
+--no-verify``.
+
+## Support
+
+Work on this repository is supported in part by:
+
+"Anaconda, Inc. - Advancing AI through open source."
+
+<a href="https://anaconda.com/"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/b8555ef2222598ed37ce38ac86955febbd25de7619931bb7dd3c58432181d3b6/68747470733a2f2f626565776172652e6f72672f636f6d6d756e6974792f6d656d626572732f616e61636f6e64612f616e61636f6e64612d6c617267652e706e67" alt="anaconda logo" width="40%"/></a>
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec-2026.6.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+BSD 3-Clause License
+
+Copyright (c) 2018, Martin Durant
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..452c78a055e72a6d04f1013d1a98fda33fdc449e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+from . import caching
+from ._version import __version__  # noqa: F401
+from .callbacks import Callback
+from .compression import available_compressions
+from .core import get_fs_token_paths, open, open_files, open_local, url_to_fs
+from .exceptions import FSTimeoutError
+from .mapping import FSMap, get_mapper
+from .registry import (
+    available_protocols,
+    filesystem,
+    get_filesystem_class,
+    register_implementation,
+    registry,
+)
+from .spec import AbstractFileSystem
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AbstractFileSystem",
+    "FSTimeoutError",
+    "FSMap",
+    "filesystem",
+    "register_implementation",
+    "get_filesystem_class",
+    "get_fs_token_paths",
+    "get_mapper",
+    "open",
+    "open_files",
+    "open_local",
+    "registry",
+    "caching",
+    "Callback",
+    "available_protocols",
+    "available_compressions",
+    "url_to_fs",
+]
+
+
+def process_entries():
+    try:
+        from importlib.metadata import entry_points
+    except ImportError:
+        return
+    if entry_points is not None:
+        try:
+            eps = entry_points()
+        except TypeError:
+            pass  # importlib-metadata < 0.8
+        else:
+            if hasattr(eps, "select"):  # Python 3.10+ / importlib_metadata >= 3.9.0
+                specs = eps.select(group="fsspec.specs")
+            else:
+                specs = eps.get("fsspec.specs", [])
+            registered_names = {}
+            for spec in specs:
+                err_msg = f"Unable to load filesystem from {spec}"
+                name = spec.name
+                if name in registered_names:
+                    continue
+                registered_names[name] = True
+                register_implementation(
+                    name,
+                    spec.value.replace(":", "."),
+                    errtxt=err_msg,
+                    # We take our implementations as the ones to overload with if
+                    # for some reason we encounter some, may be the same, already
+                    # registered
+                    clobber=True,
+                )
+
+
+process_entries()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/_version.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c0ab79355ccd6ed9a64788ef39a5f49f5880a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file generated by vcs-versioning
+# don't change, don't track in version control
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "__version_tuple__",
+    "version",
+    "version_tuple",
+    "__commit_id__",
+    "commit_id",
+]
+
+version: str
+__version__: str
+__version_tuple__: tuple[int | str, ...]
+version_tuple: tuple[int | str, ...]
+commit_id: str | None
+__commit_id__: str | None
+
+__version__ = version = '2026.6.0'
+__version_tuple__ = version_tuple = (2026, 6, 0)
+
+__commit_id__ = commit_id = None
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/archive.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/archive.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..13a4da8df7c9405297cdd7d37476be2f725b2f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/archive.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import operator
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import tokenize
+
+
+class AbstractArchiveFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """
+    A generic superclass for implementing Archive-based filesystems.
+
+    Currently, it is shared amongst
+    :class:`~fsspec.implementations.zip.ZipFileSystem`,
+    :class:`~fsspec.implementations.libarchive.LibArchiveFileSystem` and
+    :class:`~fsspec.implementations.tar.TarFileSystem`.
+    """
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"<Archive-like object {type(self).__name__} at {id(self)}>"
+
+    __repr__ = __str__
+
+    def ukey(self, path):
+        return tokenize(path, self.fo, self.protocol)
+
+    def _all_dirnames(self, paths):
+        """Returns *all* directory names for each path in paths, including intermediate
+        ones.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        paths: Iterable of path strings
+        """
+        if len(paths) == 0:
+            return set()
+
+        dirnames = {self._parent(path) for path in paths} - {self.root_marker}
+        return dirnames | self._all_dirnames(dirnames)
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        self._get_dirs()
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path in {"", "/"} and self.dir_cache:
+            return {"name": "", "type": "directory", "size": 0}
+        if path in self.dir_cache:
+            return self.dir_cache[path]
+        elif path + "/" in self.dir_cache:
+            return self.dir_cache[path + "/"]
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        self._get_dirs()
+        paths = {}
+        for p, f in self.dir_cache.items():
+            p = p.rstrip("/")
+            if "/" in p:
+                root = p.rsplit("/", 1)[0]
+            else:
+                root = ""
+            if root == path.rstrip("/"):
+                paths[p] = f
+            elif all(
+                (a == b)
+                for a, b in zip(path.split("/"), [""] + p.strip("/").split("/"))
+            ):
+                # root directory entry
+                ppath = p.rstrip("/").split("/", 1)[0]
+                if ppath not in paths:
+                    out = {"name": ppath, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+                    paths[ppath] = out
+        if detail:
+            out = sorted(paths.values(), key=operator.itemgetter("name"))
+            return out
+        else:
+            return sorted(paths)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/asyn.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/asyn.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6a58fc2a81b7c8927d1ad932f2865ead94b9f99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/asyn.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1158 @@
+import asyncio
+import asyncio.events
+import functools
+import inspect
+import io
+import numbers
+import os
+import re
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from glob import has_magic
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from .exceptions import FSTimeoutError
+from .implementations.local import LocalFileSystem, make_path_posix, trailing_sep
+from .spec import AbstractBufferedFile, AbstractFileSystem
+from .utils import glob_translate, is_exception, other_paths
+
+private = re.compile("_[^_]")
+iothread = [None]  # dedicated fsspec IO thread
+loop = [None]  # global event loop for any non-async instance
+_lock = None  # global lock placeholder
+get_running_loop = asyncio.get_running_loop
+
+
+def get_lock():
+    """Allocate or return a threading lock.
+
+    The lock is allocated on first use to allow setting one lock per forked process.
+    """
+    global _lock
+    if not _lock:
+        _lock = threading.Lock()
+    return _lock
+
+
+def reset_lock():
+    """Reset the global lock.
+
+    This should be called only on the init of a forked process to reset the lock to
+    None, enabling the new forked process to get a new lock.
+    """
+    global _lock
+
+    iothread[0] = None
+    loop[0] = None
+    _lock = None
+
+
+async def _runner(event, coro, result, timeout=None):
+    timeout = timeout if timeout else None  # convert 0 or 0.0 to None
+    if timeout is not None:
+        coro = asyncio.wait_for(coro, timeout=timeout)
+    try:
+        result[0] = await coro
+    except Exception as ex:
+        result[0] = ex
+    finally:
+        event.set()
+
+
+def sync(loop, func, *args, timeout=None, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Make loop run coroutine until it returns. Runs in other thread
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> fsspec.asyn.sync(fsspec.asyn.get_loop(), func, *args,
+                         timeout=timeout, **kwargs)
+    """
+    timeout = timeout if timeout else None  # convert 0 or 0.0 to None
+    # NB: if the loop is not running *yet*, it is OK to submit work
+    # and we will wait for it
+    if loop is None or loop.is_closed():
+        raise RuntimeError("Loop is not running")
+    try:
+        loop0 = asyncio.events.get_running_loop()
+        if loop0 is loop:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Calling sync() from within a running loop")
+    except NotImplementedError:
+        raise
+    except RuntimeError:
+        pass
+    coro = func(*args, **kwargs)
+    result = [None]
+    event = threading.Event()
+    asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(_runner(event, coro, result, timeout), loop)
+    while True:
+        # this loops allows thread to get interrupted
+        if event.wait(1):
+            break
+        if timeout is not None:
+            timeout -= 1
+            if timeout < 0:
+                raise FSTimeoutError
+
+    return_result = result[0]
+    if isinstance(return_result, asyncio.TimeoutError):
+        # suppress asyncio.TimeoutError, raise FSTimeoutError
+        raise FSTimeoutError from return_result
+    elif isinstance(return_result, BaseException):
+        raise return_result
+    else:
+        return return_result
+
+
+def sync_wrapper(func, obj=None):
+    """Given a function, make so can be called in blocking contexts
+
+    Leave obj=None if defining within a class. Pass the instance if attaching
+    as an attribute of the instance.
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        self = obj or args[0]
+        return sync(self.loop, func, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def async_gen_wrapper(func, obj=None):
+    """Given a async generator, make so can be called in blocking contexts"""
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        self = obj or args[0]
+        gen = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                yield sync(self.loop, gen.__anext__)
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                break
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def get_loop():
+    """Create or return the default fsspec IO loop
+
+    The loop will be running on a separate thread.
+    """
+    if loop[0] is None:
+        with get_lock():
+            # repeat the check just in case the loop got filled between the
+            # previous two calls from another thread
+            if loop[0] is None:
+                loop[0] = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+                th = threading.Thread(target=loop[0].run_forever, name="fsspecIO")
+                th.daemon = True
+                th.start()
+                iothread[0] = th
+    return loop[0]
+
+
+def reset_after_fork():
+    global lock
+    loop[0] = None
+    iothread[0] = None
+    lock = None
+
+
+if hasattr(os, "register_at_fork"):
+    # should be posix; this will do nothing for spawn or forkserver subprocesses
+    os.register_at_fork(after_in_child=reset_after_fork)
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import resource
+
+    ResourceError = resource.error
+else:
+    try:
+        import resource
+    except ImportError:
+        resource = None
+        ResourceError = OSError
+    else:
+        ResourceError = getattr(resource, "error", OSError)
+
+_DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 128
+_NOFILES_DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 1280
+
+
+def _get_batch_size(nofiles=False):
+    from fsspec.config import conf
+
+    if nofiles:
+        if "nofiles_gather_batch_size" in conf:
+            return conf["nofiles_gather_batch_size"]
+    else:
+        if "gather_batch_size" in conf:
+            return conf["gather_batch_size"]
+    if nofiles:
+        return _NOFILES_DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE
+    if resource is None:
+        return _DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE
+
+    try:
+        soft_limit, _ = resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE)
+    except (ImportError, ValueError, ResourceError):
+        return _DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE
+
+    if soft_limit == resource.RLIM_INFINITY:
+        return -1
+    else:
+        return soft_limit // 8
+
+
+def running_async() -> bool:
+    """Being executed by an event loop?"""
+    try:
+        asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        return True
+    except RuntimeError:
+        return False
+
+
+async def _run_coros_in_chunks(
+    coros,
+    batch_size=None,
+    callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+    timeout=None,
+    return_exceptions=False,
+    nofiles=False,
+):
+    """Run the given coroutines in  chunks.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coros: list of coroutines to run
+    batch_size: int or None
+        Number of coroutines to submit/wait on simultaneously.
+        If -1, then it will not be any throttling. If
+        None, it will be inferred from _get_batch_size()
+    callback: fsspec.callbacks.Callback instance
+        Gets a relative_update when each coroutine completes
+    timeout: number or None
+        If given, each coroutine times out after this time. Note that, since
+        there are multiple batches, the total run time of this function will in
+        general be longer
+    return_exceptions: bool
+        Same meaning as in asyncio.gather
+    nofiles: bool
+        If inferring the batch_size, does this operation involve local files?
+        If yes, you normally expect smaller batches.
+    """
+
+    if batch_size is None:
+        batch_size = _get_batch_size(nofiles=nofiles)
+
+    if batch_size == -1:
+        batch_size = len(coros)
+    elif batch_size <= 0:
+        raise ValueError
+
+    async def _run_coro(coro, i):
+        try:
+            return await asyncio.wait_for(coro, timeout=timeout), i
+        except Exception as e:
+            if not return_exceptions:
+                raise
+            return e, i
+        finally:
+            callback.relative_update(1)
+
+    i = 0
+    n = len(coros)
+    results = [None] * n
+    pending = set()
+
+    while pending or i < n:
+        while len(pending) < batch_size and i < n:
+            pending.add(asyncio.ensure_future(_run_coro(coros[i], i)))
+            i += 1
+
+        if not pending:
+            break
+
+        done, pending = await asyncio.wait(pending, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)
+        first_exc = None
+        while done:
+            task = done.pop()
+            try:
+                result, k = await task
+                results[k] = result
+            except Exception as exc:
+                if first_exc is None:
+                    first_exc = exc
+
+        if first_exc is not None:
+            for task in pending:
+                task.cancel()
+            if pending:
+                await asyncio.gather(*pending, return_exceptions=True)
+            raise first_exc
+
+    return results
+
+
+# these methods should be implemented as async by any async-able backend
+async_methods = [
+    "_ls",
+    "_cat_file",
+    "_get_file",
+    "_put_file",
+    "_rm_file",
+    "_cp_file",
+    "_pipe_file",
+    "_expand_path",
+    "_info",
+    "_isfile",
+    "_isdir",
+    "_exists",
+    "_walk",
+    "_glob",
+    "_find",
+    "_du",
+    "_size",
+    "_mkdir",
+    "_makedirs",
+]
+
+
+class AsyncFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Async file operations, default implementations
+
+    Passes bulk operations to asyncio.gather for concurrent operation.
+
+    Implementations that have concurrent batch operations and/or async methods
+    should inherit from this class instead of AbstractFileSystem. Docstrings are
+    copied from the un-underscored method in AbstractFileSystem, if not given.
+    """
+
+    # note that methods do not have docstring here; they will be copied
+    # for _* methods and inferred for overridden methods.
+
+    async_impl = True
+    mirror_sync_methods = True
+    disable_throttling = False
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, asynchronous=False, loop=None, batch_size=None, **kwargs):
+        self.asynchronous = asynchronous
+        self._pid = os.getpid()
+        if not asynchronous:
+            self._loop = loop or get_loop()
+        else:
+            self._loop = None
+        self.batch_size = batch_size
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def loop(self):
+        if self._pid != os.getpid():
+            raise RuntimeError("This class is not fork-safe")
+        return self._loop
+
+    async def _rm_file(self, path, **kwargs):
+        if (
+            inspect.iscoroutinefunction(self._rm)
+            and type(self)._rm is not AsyncFileSystem._rm
+        ):
+            return await self._rm(path, recursive=False, batch_size=1, **kwargs)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def _rm(self, path, recursive=False, batch_size=None, **kwargs):
+        # TODO: implement on_error
+        batch_size = batch_size or self.batch_size
+        path = await self._expand_path(path, recursive=recursive)
+        return await _run_coros_in_chunks(
+            [self._rm_file(p, **kwargs) for p in reversed(path)],
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            nofiles=True,
+        )
+
+    async def _cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def _mv_file(self, path1, path2):
+        await self._cp_file(path1, path2)
+        await self._rm_file(path1)
+
+    async def _copy(
+        self,
+        path1,
+        path2,
+        recursive=False,
+        on_error=None,
+        maxdepth=None,
+        batch_size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if on_error is None and recursive:
+            on_error = "ignore"
+        elif on_error is None:
+            on_error = "raise"
+
+        if isinstance(path1, list) and isinstance(path2, list):
+            # No need to expand paths when both source and destination
+            # are provided as lists
+            paths1 = path1
+            paths2 = path2
+        else:
+            source_is_str = isinstance(path1, str)
+            paths1 = await self._expand_path(
+                path1, maxdepth=maxdepth, recursive=recursive
+            )
+            if source_is_str and (not recursive or maxdepth is not None):
+                # Non-recursive glob does not copy directories
+                paths1 = [
+                    p for p in paths1 if not (trailing_sep(p) or await self._isdir(p))
+                ]
+                if not paths1:
+                    return
+
+            source_is_file = len(paths1) == 1
+            dest_is_dir = isinstance(path2, str) and (
+                trailing_sep(path2) or await self._isdir(path2)
+            )
+
+            exists = source_is_str and (
+                (has_magic(path1) and source_is_file)
+                or (not has_magic(path1) and dest_is_dir and not trailing_sep(path1))
+            )
+            paths2 = other_paths(
+                paths1,
+                path2,
+                exists=exists,
+                flatten=not source_is_str,
+            )
+
+        batch_size = batch_size or self.batch_size
+        coros = [self._cp_file(p1, p2, **kwargs) for p1, p2 in zip(paths1, paths2)]
+        result = await _run_coros_in_chunks(
+            coros, batch_size=batch_size, return_exceptions=True, nofiles=True
+        )
+
+        for ex in filter(is_exception, result):
+            if on_error == "ignore" and isinstance(ex, FileNotFoundError):
+                continue
+            raise ex
+
+    async def _pipe_file(self, path, value, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def _pipe(self, path, value=None, batch_size=None, **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            path = {path: value}
+        batch_size = batch_size or self.batch_size
+        return await _run_coros_in_chunks(
+            [self._pipe_file(k, v, **kwargs) for k, v in path.items()],
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            nofiles=True,
+        )
+
+    async def _process_limits(self, url, start, end):
+        """Helper for "Range"-based _cat_file"""
+        size = None
+        suff = False
+        if start is not None and start < 0:
+            # if start is negative and end None, end is the "suffix length"
+            if end is None:
+                end = -start
+                start = ""
+                suff = True
+            else:
+                size = size or (await self._info(url))["size"]
+                start = size + start
+        elif start is None:
+            start = 0
+        if not suff:
+            if end is not None and end < 0:
+                if start is not None:
+                    size = size or (await self._info(url))["size"]
+                    end = size + end
+            elif end is None:
+                end = ""
+            if isinstance(end, numbers.Integral):
+                end -= 1  # bytes range is inclusive
+        return f"bytes={start}-{end}"
+
+    async def _cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def _cat(
+        self, path, recursive=False, on_error="raise", batch_size=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        paths = await self._expand_path(path, recursive=recursive)
+        coros = [self._cat_file(path, **kwargs) for path in paths]
+        batch_size = batch_size or self.batch_size
+        out = await _run_coros_in_chunks(
+            coros, batch_size=batch_size, nofiles=True, return_exceptions=True
+        )
+        if on_error == "raise":
+            ex = next(filter(is_exception, out), False)
+            if ex:
+                raise ex
+        if (
+            len(paths) > 1
+            or isinstance(path, list)
+            or paths[0] != self._strip_protocol(path)
+        ):
+            return {
+                k: v
+                for k, v in zip(paths, out)
+                if on_error != "omit" or not is_exception(v)
+            }
+        else:
+            return out[0]
+
+    async def _cat_ranges(
+        self,
+        paths,
+        starts,
+        ends,
+        max_gap=None,
+        batch_size=None,
+        on_error="return",
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Get the contents of byte ranges from one or more files
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        paths: list
+            A list of of filepaths on this filesystems
+        starts, ends: int or list
+            Bytes limits of the read. If using a single int, the same value will be
+            used to read all the specified files.
+        on_error: "return" or "raise"
+            If "return" (default), any per-range exception is placed in the output
+            list at the corresponding position. Otherwise the first such exception
+            is raised. Matches ``AbstractFileSystem.cat_ranges``.
+        """
+        if max_gap is not None:
+            # use utils.merge_offset_ranges
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        if not isinstance(paths, list):
+            raise TypeError
+        if not isinstance(starts, Iterable):
+            starts = [starts] * len(paths)
+        if not isinstance(ends, Iterable):
+            ends = [ends] * len(paths)
+        if len(starts) != len(paths) or len(ends) != len(paths):
+            raise ValueError
+        coros = [
+            self._cat_file(p, start=s, end=e, **kwargs)
+            for p, s, e in zip(paths, starts, ends)
+        ]
+        batch_size = batch_size or self.batch_size
+        out = await _run_coros_in_chunks(
+            coros, batch_size=batch_size, nofiles=True, return_exceptions=True
+        )
+        if on_error != "return":
+            ex = next(filter(is_exception, out), None)
+            if ex is not None:
+                raise ex
+        return out
+
+    async def _put_file(self, lpath, rpath, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def _put(
+        self,
+        lpath,
+        rpath,
+        recursive=False,
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        batch_size=None,
+        maxdepth=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Copy file(s) from local.
+
+        Copies a specific file or tree of files (if recursive=True). If rpath
+        ends with a "/", it will be assumed to be a directory, and target files
+        will go within.
+
+        The put_file method will be called concurrently on a batch of files. The
+        batch_size option can configure the amount of futures that can be executed
+        at the same time. If it is -1, then all the files will be uploaded concurrently.
+        The default can be set for this instance by passing "batch_size" in the
+        constructor, or for all instances by setting the "gather_batch_size" key
+        in ``fsspec.config.conf``, falling back to 1/8th of the system limit .
+        """
+        if isinstance(lpath, list) and isinstance(rpath, list):
+            # No need to expand paths when both source and destination
+            # are provided as lists
+            rpaths = rpath
+            lpaths = lpath
+        else:
+            source_is_str = isinstance(lpath, str)
+            if source_is_str:
+                lpath = make_path_posix(lpath)
+            fs = LocalFileSystem()
+            lpaths = fs.expand_path(lpath, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+            if source_is_str and (not recursive or maxdepth is not None):
+                # Non-recursive glob does not copy directories
+                lpaths = [p for p in lpaths if not (trailing_sep(p) or fs.isdir(p))]
+                if not lpaths:
+                    return
+
+            source_is_file = len(lpaths) == 1
+            dest_is_dir = isinstance(rpath, str) and (
+                trailing_sep(rpath) or await self._isdir(rpath)
+            )
+
+            rpath = self._strip_protocol(rpath)
+            exists = source_is_str and (
+                (has_magic(lpath) and source_is_file)
+                or (not has_magic(lpath) and dest_is_dir and not trailing_sep(lpath))
+            )
+            rpaths = other_paths(
+                lpaths,
+                rpath,
+                exists=exists,
+                flatten=not source_is_str,
+            )
+
+        is_dir = {l: os.path.isdir(l) for l in lpaths}
+        rdirs = [r for l, r in zip(lpaths, rpaths) if is_dir[l]]
+        file_pairs = [(l, r) for l, r in zip(lpaths, rpaths) if not is_dir[l]]
+
+        await asyncio.gather(*[self._makedirs(d, exist_ok=True) for d in rdirs])
+        batch_size = batch_size or self.batch_size
+
+        coros = []
+        callback.set_size(len(file_pairs))
+        for lfile, rfile in file_pairs:
+            put_file = callback.branch_coro(self._put_file)
+            coros.append(put_file(lfile, rfile, **kwargs))
+
+        return await _run_coros_in_chunks(
+            coros, batch_size=batch_size, callback=callback
+        )
+
+    async def _get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def _get(
+        self,
+        rpath,
+        lpath,
+        recursive=False,
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        maxdepth=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Copy file(s) to local.
+
+        Copies a specific file or tree of files (if recursive=True). If lpath
+        ends with a "/", it will be assumed to be a directory, and target files
+        will go within. Can submit a list of paths, which may be glob-patterns
+        and will be expanded.
+
+        The get_file method will be called concurrently on a batch of files. The
+        batch_size option can configure the amount of futures that can be executed
+        at the same time. If it is -1, then all the files will be uploaded concurrently.
+        The default can be set for this instance by passing "batch_size" in the
+        constructor, or for all instances by setting the "gather_batch_size" key
+        in ``fsspec.config.conf``, falling back to 1/8th of the system limit .
+        """
+        if isinstance(lpath, list) and isinstance(rpath, list):
+            # No need to expand paths when both source and destination
+            # are provided as lists
+            rpaths = rpath
+            lpaths = lpath
+        else:
+            source_is_str = isinstance(rpath, str)
+            # First check for rpath trailing slash as _strip_protocol removes it.
+            source_not_trailing_sep = source_is_str and not trailing_sep(rpath)
+            rpath = self._strip_protocol(rpath)
+            rpaths = await self._expand_path(
+                rpath, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth
+            )
+            if source_is_str and (not recursive or maxdepth is not None):
+                # Non-recursive glob does not copy directories
+                rpaths = [
+                    p for p in rpaths if not (trailing_sep(p) or await self._isdir(p))
+                ]
+                if not rpaths:
+                    return
+
+            lpath = make_path_posix(lpath)
+            source_is_file = len(rpaths) == 1
+            dest_is_dir = isinstance(lpath, str) and (
+                trailing_sep(lpath) or LocalFileSystem().isdir(lpath)
+            )
+
+            exists = source_is_str and (
+                (has_magic(rpath) and source_is_file)
+                or (not has_magic(rpath) and dest_is_dir and source_not_trailing_sep)
+            )
+            lpaths = other_paths(
+                rpaths,
+                lpath,
+                exists=exists,
+                flatten=not source_is_str,
+            )
+
+        [os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(lp), exist_ok=True) for lp in lpaths]
+        batch_size = kwargs.pop("batch_size", self.batch_size)
+
+        coros = []
+        callback.set_size(len(lpaths))
+        for lpath, rpath in zip(lpaths, rpaths):
+            get_file = callback.branch_coro(self._get_file)
+            coros.append(get_file(rpath, lpath, **kwargs))
+        return await _run_coros_in_chunks(
+            coros, batch_size=batch_size, callback=callback
+        )
+
+    async def _isfile(self, path):
+        try:
+            return (await self._info(path))["type"] == "file"
+        except:  # noqa: E722
+            return False
+
+    async def _isdir(self, path):
+        try:
+            return (await self._info(path))["type"] == "directory"
+        except OSError:
+            return False
+
+    async def _size(self, path):
+        return (await self._info(path)).get("size", None)
+
+    async def _sizes(self, paths, batch_size=None):
+        batch_size = batch_size or self.batch_size
+        return await _run_coros_in_chunks(
+            [self._size(p) for p in paths], batch_size=batch_size
+        )
+
+    async def _exists(self, path, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            await self._info(path, **kwargs)
+            return True
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return False
+
+    async def _info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def _ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def _walk(self, path, maxdepth=None, on_error="omit", **kwargs):
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        full_dirs = {}
+        dirs = {}
+        files = {}
+
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+        try:
+            listing = await self._ls(path, detail=True, **kwargs)
+        except (FileNotFoundError, OSError) as e:
+            if on_error == "raise":
+                raise
+            elif callable(on_error):
+                on_error(e)
+            if detail:
+                yield path, {}, {}
+            else:
+                yield path, [], []
+            return
+
+        for info in listing:
+            # each info name must be at least [path]/part , but here
+            # we check also for names like [path]/part/
+            pathname = info["name"].rstrip("/")
+            name = pathname.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+            if info["type"] == "directory" and pathname != path:
+                # do not include "self" path
+                full_dirs[name] = pathname
+                dirs[name] = info
+            elif pathname == path:
+                # file-like with same name as give path
+                files[""] = info
+            else:
+                files[name] = info
+
+        if detail:
+            yield path, dirs, files
+        else:
+            yield path, list(dirs), list(files)
+
+        if maxdepth is not None:
+            maxdepth -= 1
+            if maxdepth < 1:
+                return
+
+        for d in dirs:
+            async for _ in self._walk(
+                full_dirs[d], maxdepth=maxdepth, detail=detail, **kwargs
+            ):
+                yield _
+
+    async def _glob(self, path, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        import re
+
+        seps = (os.path.sep, os.path.altsep) if os.path.altsep else (os.path.sep,)
+        ends_with_sep = path.endswith(seps)  # _strip_protocol strips trailing slash
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        append_slash_to_dirname = ends_with_sep or path.endswith(
+            tuple(sep + "**" for sep in seps)
+        )
+        idx_star = path.find("*") if path.find("*") >= 0 else len(path)
+        idx_qmark = path.find("?") if path.find("?") >= 0 else len(path)
+        idx_brace = path.find("[") if path.find("[") >= 0 else len(path)
+
+        min_idx = min(idx_star, idx_qmark, idx_brace)
+
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+        withdirs = kwargs.pop("withdirs", True)
+
+        if not has_magic(path):
+            if await self._exists(path, **kwargs):
+                if not detail:
+                    return [path]
+                else:
+                    return {path: await self._info(path, **kwargs)}
+            else:
+                if not detail:
+                    return []  # glob of non-existent returns empty
+                else:
+                    return {}
+        elif "/" in path[:min_idx]:
+            first_wildcard_idx = min_idx
+            min_idx = path[:min_idx].rindex("/")
+            root = path[
+                : min_idx + 1
+            ]  # everything up to the last / before the first wildcard
+            prefix = path[
+                min_idx + 1 : first_wildcard_idx
+            ]  # stem between last "/" and first wildcard
+            depth = path[min_idx + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+        else:
+            root = ""
+            prefix = path[:min_idx]  # stem up to the first wildcard
+            depth = path[min_idx + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+
+        if "**" in path:
+            if maxdepth is not None:
+                idx_double_stars = path.find("**")
+                depth_double_stars = path[idx_double_stars:].count("/") + 1
+                depth = depth - depth_double_stars + maxdepth
+            else:
+                depth = None
+
+        # Pass the filename stem as prefix= so backends that support it such as
+        # gcsfs, s3fs and adlfs can filter server-side up to the first wildcard.
+        if prefix:
+            kwargs["prefix"] = prefix
+        allpaths = await self._find(
+            root, maxdepth=depth, withdirs=withdirs, detail=True, **kwargs
+        )
+
+        pattern = glob_translate(path + ("/" if ends_with_sep else ""))
+        pattern = re.compile(pattern)
+
+        out = {
+            p: info
+            for p, info in sorted(allpaths.items())
+            if pattern.match(
+                p + "/"
+                if append_slash_to_dirname and info["type"] == "directory"
+                else p
+            )
+        }
+
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return list(out)
+
+    async def _du(self, path, total=True, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        sizes = {}
+        # async for?
+        for f in await self._find(path, maxdepth=maxdepth, **kwargs):
+            info = await self._info(f)
+            sizes[info["name"]] = info["size"]
+        if total:
+            return sum(sizes.values())
+        else:
+            return sizes
+
+    async def _find(self, path, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        out = {}
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+
+        # Add the root directory if withdirs is requested
+        # This is needed for posix glob compliance
+        if withdirs and path != "" and await self._isdir(path):
+            out[path] = await self._info(path)
+
+        # async for?
+        async for _, dirs, files in self._walk(path, maxdepth, detail=True, **kwargs):
+            if withdirs:
+                files.update(dirs)
+            out.update({info["name"]: info for name, info in files.items()})
+        if not out and (await self._isfile(path)):
+            # walk works on directories, but find should also return [path]
+            # when path happens to be a file
+            out[path] = {}
+        names = sorted(out)
+        if not detail:
+            return names
+        else:
+            return {name: out[name] for name in names}
+
+    async def _expand_path(
+        self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, assume_literal=False
+    ):
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            out = await self._expand_path([path], recursive, maxdepth)
+        else:
+            out = set()
+            path = [self._strip_protocol(p) for p in path]
+            for p in path:  # can gather here
+                if not assume_literal and has_magic(p):
+                    bit = set(await self._glob(p, maxdepth=maxdepth))
+                    out |= bit
+                    if recursive:
+                        # glob call above expanded one depth so if maxdepth is defined
+                        # then decrement it in expand_path call below. If it is zero
+                        # after decrementing then avoid expand_path call.
+                        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth <= 1:
+                            continue
+                        out |= set(
+                            await self._expand_path(
+                                list(bit),
+                                recursive=recursive,
+                                maxdepth=maxdepth - 1 if maxdepth is not None else None,
+                                assume_literal=True,
+                            )
+                        )
+                    continue
+                elif recursive:
+                    rec = set(await self._find(p, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=True))
+                    out |= rec
+                if p not in out and (recursive is False or (await self._exists(p))):
+                    # should only check once, for the root
+                    out.add(p)
+        if not out:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        return sorted(out)
+
+    async def _mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        pass  # not necessary to implement, may not have directories
+
+    async def _makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        pass  # not necessary to implement, may not have directories
+
+    async def open_async(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        if "b" not in mode or kwargs.get("compression"):
+            raise ValueError
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def mirror_sync_methods(obj):
+    """Populate sync and async methods for obj
+
+    For each method will create a sync version if the name refers to an async method
+    (coroutine) and there is no override in the child class; will create an async
+    method for the corresponding sync method if there is no implementation.
+
+    Uses the methods specified in
+    - async_methods: the set that an implementation is expected to provide
+    - default_async_methods: that can be derived from their sync version in
+      AbstractFileSystem
+    - AsyncFileSystem: async-specific default coroutines
+    """
+    from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+
+    for method in set(async_methods + dir(AsyncFileSystem)):
+        if not method.startswith("_"):
+            continue
+        smethod = method[1:]
+        if private.match(method):
+            isco = inspect.iscoroutinefunction(getattr(obj, method, None))
+            unsync = getattr(getattr(obj, smethod, False), "__func__", None)
+            is_default = unsync is getattr(AbstractFileSystem, smethod, "")
+            if isco and is_default:
+                mth = sync_wrapper(getattr(obj, method), obj=obj)
+            elif inspect.isasyncgenfunction(getattr(obj, method, None)) and is_default:
+                mth = async_gen_wrapper(getattr(obj, method), obj=obj)
+            else:
+                continue
+            setattr(obj, smethod, mth)
+            if not mth.__doc__:
+                mth.__doc__ = getattr(
+                    getattr(AbstractFileSystem, smethod, None), "__doc__", ""
+                )
+
+
+class FSSpecCoroutineCancel(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def _dump_running_tasks(
+    printout=True, cancel=True, exc=FSSpecCoroutineCancel, with_task=False
+):
+    import traceback
+
+    tasks = [t for t in asyncio.tasks.all_tasks(loop[0]) if not t.done()]
+    if printout:
+        [task.print_stack() for task in tasks]
+    out = [
+        {
+            "locals": task._coro.cr_frame.f_locals,
+            "file": task._coro.cr_frame.f_code.co_filename,
+            "firstline": task._coro.cr_frame.f_code.co_firstlineno,
+            "linelo": task._coro.cr_frame.f_lineno,
+            "stack": traceback.format_stack(task._coro.cr_frame),
+            "task": task if with_task else None,
+        }
+        for task in tasks
+    ]
+    if cancel:
+        for t in tasks:
+            cbs = t._callbacks
+            t.cancel()
+            asyncio.futures.Future.set_exception(t, exc)
+            asyncio.futures.Future.cancel(t)
+            [cb[0](t) for cb in cbs]  # cancels any dependent concurrent.futures
+            try:
+                t._coro.throw(exc)  # exits coro, unless explicitly handled
+            except exc:
+                pass
+    return out
+
+
+class AbstractAsyncStreamedFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    # no read buffering, and always auto-commit
+    # TODO: readahead might still be useful here, but needs async version
+
+    async def read(self, length=-1):
+        """
+        Return data from cache, or fetch pieces as necessary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        length: int (-1)
+            Number of bytes to read; if <0, all remaining bytes.
+        """
+        length = -1 if length is None else int(length)
+        if self.mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError("File not in read mode")
+        if length < 0:
+            length = self.size - self.loc
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file.")
+        if length == 0:
+            # don't even bother calling fetch
+            return b""
+        out = await self._fetch_range(self.loc, self.loc + length)
+        self.loc += len(out)
+        return out
+
+    async def write(self, data):
+        """
+        Write data to buffer.
+
+        Buffer only sent on flush() or if buffer is greater than
+        or equal to blocksize.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        data: bytes
+            Set of bytes to be written.
+        """
+        if self.mode not in {"wb", "ab"}:
+            raise ValueError("File not in write mode")
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file.")
+        if self.forced:
+            raise ValueError("This file has been force-flushed, can only close")
+        out = self.buffer.write(data)
+        self.loc += out
+        if self.buffer.tell() >= self.blocksize:
+            await self.flush()
+        return out
+
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close file
+
+        Finalizes writes, discards cache
+        """
+        if getattr(self, "_unclosable", False):
+            return
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        if self.mode == "rb":
+            self.cache = None
+        else:
+            if not self.forced:
+                await self.flush(force=True)
+
+            if self.fs is not None:
+                self.fs.invalidate_cache(self.path)
+                self.fs.invalidate_cache(self.fs._parent(self.path))
+
+        self.closed = True
+
+    async def flush(self, force=False):
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("Flush on closed file")
+        if force and self.forced:
+            raise ValueError("Force flush cannot be called more than once")
+        if force:
+            self.forced = True
+
+        if self.mode not in {"wb", "ab"}:
+            # no-op to flush on read-mode
+            return
+
+        if not force and self.buffer.tell() < self.blocksize:
+            # Defer write on small block
+            return
+
+        if self.offset is None:
+            # Initialize a multipart upload
+            self.offset = 0
+            try:
+                await self._initiate_upload()
+            except:
+                self.closed = True
+                raise
+
+        if await self._upload_chunk(final=force) is not False:
+            self.offset += self.buffer.seek(0, 2)
+            self.buffer = io.BytesIO()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        await self.close()
+
+    async def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def _initiate_upload(self):
+        pass
+
+    async def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/caching.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/caching.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3499b4d26c240e14500232cfc752df6e6d90fd53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/caching.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1004 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections
+import functools
+import logging
+import math
+import os
+import threading
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from concurrent.futures import Future, ThreadPoolExecutor
+from itertools import groupby
+from operator import itemgetter
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Generic, NamedTuple, TypeVar
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import mmap
+
+    from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+
+    P = ParamSpec("P")
+else:
+    P = TypeVar("P")
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.caching")
+
+Fetcher = Callable[[int, int], bytes]  # Maps (start, end) to bytes
+MultiFetcher = Callable[[list[int, int]], bytes]  # Maps [(start, end)] to bytes
+
+
+class BaseCache:
+    """Pass-though cache: doesn't keep anything, calls every time
+
+    Acts as base class for other cachers
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    blocksize: int
+        How far to read ahead in numbers of bytes
+    fetcher: func
+        Function of the form f(start, end) which gets bytes from remote as
+        specified
+    size: int
+        How big this file is
+    """
+
+    name: ClassVar[str] = "none"
+
+    def __init__(self, blocksize: int, fetcher: Fetcher, size: int) -> None:
+        self.blocksize = blocksize
+        self.nblocks = 0
+        self.fetcher = fetcher
+        self.size = size
+        self.hit_count = 0
+        self.miss_count = 0
+        # the bytes that we actually requested
+        self.total_requested_bytes = 0
+
+    def _fetch(self, start: int | None, stop: int | None) -> bytes:
+        if start is None:
+            start = 0
+        if stop is None:
+            stop = self.size
+        if start >= self.size or start >= stop:
+            return b""
+        return self.fetcher(start, stop)
+
+    def _reset_stats(self) -> None:
+        """Reset hit and miss counts for a more ganular report e.g. by file."""
+        self.hit_count = 0
+        self.miss_count = 0
+        self.total_requested_bytes = 0
+
+    def _log_stats(self) -> str:
+        """Return a formatted string of the cache statistics."""
+        if self.hit_count == 0 and self.miss_count == 0:
+            # a cache that does nothing, this is for logs only
+            return ""
+        return f" , {self.name}: {self.hit_count} hits, {self.miss_count} misses, {self.total_requested_bytes} total requested bytes"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        # TODO: use rich for better formatting
+        return f"""
+        <{self.__class__.__name__}:
+            block size  :   {self.blocksize}
+            block count :   {self.nblocks}
+            file size   :   {self.size}
+            cache hits  :   {self.hit_count}
+            cache misses:   {self.miss_count}
+            total requested bytes: {self.total_requested_bytes}>
+        """
+
+
+class MMapCache(BaseCache):
+    """memory-mapped sparse file cache
+
+    Opens temporary file, which is filled blocks-wise when data is requested.
+    Ensure there is enough disc space in the temporary location.
+
+    This cache method might only work on posix
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    blocksize: int
+        How far to read ahead in numbers of bytes
+    fetcher: Fetcher
+        Function of the form f(start, end) which gets bytes from remote as
+        specified
+    size: int
+        How big this file is
+    location: str
+        Where to create the temporary file. If None, a temporary file is
+        created using tempfile.TemporaryFile().
+    blocks: set[int]
+        Set of block numbers that have already been fetched. If None, an empty
+        set is created.
+    multi_fetcher: MultiFetcher
+        Function of the form f([(start, end)]) which gets bytes from remote
+        as specified. This function is used to fetch multiple blocks at once.
+        If not specified, the fetcher function is used instead.
+    """
+
+    name = "mmap"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        blocksize: int,
+        fetcher: Fetcher,
+        size: int,
+        location: str | None = None,
+        blocks: set[int] | None = None,
+        multi_fetcher: MultiFetcher | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(blocksize, fetcher, size)
+        self.blocks = set() if blocks is None else blocks
+        self.location = location
+        self.multi_fetcher = multi_fetcher
+        self.cache = self._makefile()
+
+    def _makefile(self) -> mmap.mmap | bytearray:
+        import mmap
+        import tempfile
+
+        if self.size == 0:
+            return bytearray()
+
+        # posix version
+        if self.location is None or not os.path.exists(self.location):
+            if self.location is None:
+                fd = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
+                self.blocks = set()
+            else:
+                fd = open(self.location, "wb+")
+            fd.seek(self.size - 1)
+            fd.write(b"1")
+            fd.flush()
+        else:
+            fd = open(self.location, "r+b")
+
+        return mmap.mmap(fd.fileno(), self.size)
+
+    def _fetch(self, start: int | None, end: int | None) -> bytes:
+        logger.debug(f"MMap cache fetching {start}-{end}")
+        if start is None:
+            start = 0
+        if end is None:
+            end = self.size
+        if start >= self.size or start >= end:
+            return b""
+        start_block = start // self.blocksize
+        end_block = end // self.blocksize
+        block_range = range(start_block, end_block + 1)
+        # Determine which blocks need to be fetched. This sequence is sorted by construction.
+        need = (i for i in block_range if i not in self.blocks)
+        # Count the number of blocks already cached
+        self.hit_count += sum(1 for i in block_range if i in self.blocks)
+
+        ranges = []
+
+        # Consolidate needed blocks.
+        # Algorithm adapted from Python 2.x itertools documentation.
+        # We are grouping an enumerated sequence of blocks. By comparing when the difference
+        # between an ascending range (provided by enumerate) and the needed block numbers
+        # we can detect when the block number skips values. The key computes this difference.
+        # Whenever the difference changes, we know that we have previously cached block(s),
+        # and a new group is started. In other words, this algorithm neatly groups
+        # runs of consecutive block numbers so they can be fetched together.
+        for _, _blocks in groupby(enumerate(need), key=lambda x: x[0] - x[1]):
+            # Extract the blocks from the enumerated sequence
+            _blocks = tuple(map(itemgetter(1), _blocks))
+            # Compute start of first block
+            sstart = _blocks[0] * self.blocksize
+            # Compute the end of the last block. Last block may not be full size.
+            send = min(_blocks[-1] * self.blocksize + self.blocksize, self.size)
+
+            # Fetch bytes (could be multiple consecutive blocks)
+            self.total_requested_bytes += send - sstart
+            logger.debug(
+                f"MMap get blocks {_blocks[0]}-{_blocks[-1]} ({sstart}-{send})"
+            )
+            ranges.append((sstart, send))
+
+            # Update set of cached blocks
+            self.blocks.update(_blocks)
+            # Update cache statistics with number of blocks we had to cache
+            self.miss_count += len(_blocks)
+
+        if not ranges:
+            return self.cache[start:end]
+
+        if self.multi_fetcher:
+            logger.debug(f"MMap get blocks {ranges}")
+            for idx, r in enumerate(self.multi_fetcher(ranges)):
+                sstart, send = ranges[idx]
+                logger.debug(f"MMap copy block ({sstart}-{send}")
+                self.cache[sstart:send] = r
+        else:
+            for sstart, send in ranges:
+                logger.debug(f"MMap get block ({sstart}-{send}")
+                self.cache[sstart:send] = self.fetcher(sstart, send)
+
+        return self.cache[start:end]
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        state = self.__dict__.copy()
+        # Remove the unpicklable entries.
+        del state["cache"]
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        # Restore instance attributes
+        self.__dict__.update(state)
+        self.cache = self._makefile()
+
+
+class ReadAheadCache(BaseCache):
+    """Cache which reads only when we get beyond a block of data
+
+    This is a much simpler version of BytesCache, and does not attempt to
+    fill holes in the cache or keep fragments alive. It is best suited to
+    many small reads in a sequential order (e.g., reading lines from a file).
+    """
+
+    name = "readahead"
+
+    def __init__(self, blocksize: int, fetcher: Fetcher, size: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(blocksize, fetcher, size)
+        self.cache = b""
+        self.start = 0
+        self.end = 0
+
+    def _fetch(self, start: int | None, end: int | None) -> bytes:
+        if start is None:
+            start = 0
+        if end is None or end > self.size:
+            end = self.size
+        if start >= self.size or start >= end:
+            return b""
+        l = end - start
+        if start >= self.start and end <= self.end:
+            # cache hit
+            self.hit_count += 1
+            return self.cache[start - self.start : end - self.start]
+        elif self.start <= start < self.end:
+            # partial hit
+            self.miss_count += 1
+            part = self.cache[start - self.start :]
+            l -= len(part)
+            start = self.end
+        else:
+            # miss
+            self.miss_count += 1
+            part = b""
+        end = min(self.size, end + self.blocksize)
+        self.total_requested_bytes += end - start
+        self.cache = self.fetcher(start, end)  # new block replaces old
+        self.start = start
+        self.end = self.start + len(self.cache)
+        return part + self.cache[:l]
+
+
+class FirstChunkCache(BaseCache):
+    """Caches the first block of a file only
+
+    This may be useful for file types where the metadata is stored in the header,
+    but is randomly accessed.
+    """
+
+    name = "first"
+
+    def __init__(self, blocksize: int, fetcher: Fetcher, size: int) -> None:
+        if blocksize > size:
+            # this will buffer the whole thing
+            blocksize = size
+        super().__init__(blocksize, fetcher, size)
+        self.cache: bytes | None = None
+
+    def _fetch(self, start: int | None, end: int | None) -> bytes:
+        start = start or 0
+        if start > self.size:
+            logger.debug("FirstChunkCache: requested start > file size")
+            return b""
+
+        end = min(end, self.size)
+
+        if start < self.blocksize:
+            if self.cache is None:
+                self.miss_count += 1
+                if end > self.blocksize:
+                    self.total_requested_bytes += end
+                    data = self.fetcher(0, end)
+                    self.cache = data[: self.blocksize]
+                    return data[start:]
+                self.cache = self.fetcher(0, self.blocksize)
+                self.total_requested_bytes += self.blocksize
+            part = self.cache[start:end]
+            if end > self.blocksize:
+                self.total_requested_bytes += end - self.blocksize
+                part += self.fetcher(self.blocksize, end)
+            self.hit_count += 1
+            return part
+        else:
+            self.miss_count += 1
+            self.total_requested_bytes += end - start
+            return self.fetcher(start, end)
+
+
+class BlockCache(BaseCache):
+    """
+    Cache holding memory as a set of blocks.
+
+    Requests are only ever made ``blocksize`` at a time, and are
+    stored in an LRU cache. The least recently accessed block is
+    discarded when more than ``maxblocks`` are stored.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    blocksize : int
+        The number of bytes to store in each block.
+        Requests are only ever made for ``blocksize``, so this
+        should balance the overhead of making a request against
+        the granularity of the blocks.
+    fetcher : Callable
+    size : int
+        The total size of the file being cached.
+    maxblocks : int
+        The maximum number of blocks to cache for. The maximum memory
+        use for this cache is then ``blocksize * maxblocks``.
+    """
+
+    name = "blockcache"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, blocksize: int, fetcher: Fetcher, size: int, maxblocks: int = 32
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(blocksize, fetcher, size)
+        self.nblocks = math.ceil(size / blocksize)
+        self.maxblocks = maxblocks
+        self._fetch_block_cached = functools.lru_cache(maxblocks)(self._fetch_block)
+
+    def cache_info(self):
+        """
+        The statistics on the block cache.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        NamedTuple
+            Returned directly from the LRU Cache used internally.
+        """
+        return self._fetch_block_cached.cache_info()
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        state = self.__dict__
+        del state["_fetch_block_cached"]
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        self.__dict__.update(state)
+        self._fetch_block_cached = functools.lru_cache(state["maxblocks"])(
+            self._fetch_block
+        )
+
+    def _fetch(self, start: int | None, end: int | None) -> bytes:
+        if start is None:
+            start = 0
+        if end is None:
+            end = self.size
+        if start >= self.size or start >= end:
+            return b""
+
+        return self._read_cache(
+            start, end, start // self.blocksize, (end - 1) // self.blocksize
+        )
+
+    def _fetch_block(self, block_number: int) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Fetch the block of data for `block_number`.
+        """
+        if block_number > self.nblocks:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"'block_number={block_number}' is greater than "
+                f"the number of blocks ({self.nblocks})"
+            )
+
+        start = block_number * self.blocksize
+        end = start + self.blocksize
+        self.total_requested_bytes += end - start
+        self.miss_count += 1
+        logger.info("BlockCache fetching block %d", block_number)
+        block_contents = super()._fetch(start, end)
+        return block_contents
+
+    def _read_cache(
+        self, start: int, end: int, start_block_number: int, end_block_number: int
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read from our block cache.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        start, end : int
+            The start and end byte positions.
+        start_block_number, end_block_number : int
+            The start and end block numbers.
+        """
+        start_pos = start % self.blocksize
+        end_pos = end % self.blocksize
+        if end_pos == 0:
+            end_pos = self.blocksize
+
+        self.hit_count += 1
+        if start_block_number == end_block_number:
+            block: bytes = self._fetch_block_cached(start_block_number)
+            return block[start_pos:end_pos]
+
+        else:
+            # read from the initial
+            out = [self._fetch_block_cached(start_block_number)[start_pos:]]
+
+            # intermediate blocks
+            # Note: it'd be nice to combine these into one big request. However
+            # that doesn't play nicely with our LRU cache.
+            out.extend(
+                map(
+                    self._fetch_block_cached,
+                    range(start_block_number + 1, end_block_number),
+                )
+            )
+
+            # final block
+            out.append(self._fetch_block_cached(end_block_number)[:end_pos])
+
+            return b"".join(out)
+
+
+class BytesCache(BaseCache):
+    """Cache which holds data in a in-memory bytes object
+
+    Implements read-ahead by the block size, for semi-random reads progressing
+    through the file.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    trim: bool
+        As we read more data, whether to discard the start of the buffer when
+        we are more than a blocksize ahead of it.
+    """
+
+    name: ClassVar[str] = "bytes"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, blocksize: int, fetcher: Fetcher, size: int, trim: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(blocksize, fetcher, size)
+        self.cache = b""
+        self.start: int | None = None
+        self.end: int | None = None
+        self.trim = trim
+
+    def _fetch(self, start: int | None, end: int | None) -> bytes:
+        # TODO: only set start/end after fetch, in case it fails?
+        # is this where retry logic might go?
+        if start is None:
+            start = 0
+        if end is None:
+            end = self.size
+        if start >= self.size or start >= end:
+            return b""
+        if (
+            self.start is not None
+            and start >= self.start
+            and self.end is not None
+            and end < self.end
+        ):
+            # cache hit: we have all the required data
+            offset = start - self.start
+            self.hit_count += 1
+            return self.cache[offset : offset + end - start]
+
+        if self.blocksize:
+            bend = min(self.size, end + self.blocksize)
+        else:
+            bend = end
+
+        if bend == start or start > self.size:
+            return b""
+
+        if (self.start is None or start < self.start) and (
+            self.end is None or end > self.end
+        ):
+            # First read, or extending both before and after
+            self.total_requested_bytes += bend - start
+            self.miss_count += 1
+            self.cache = self.fetcher(start, bend)
+            self.start = start
+        else:
+            assert self.start is not None
+            assert self.end is not None
+            self.miss_count += 1
+
+            if start < self.start:
+                if self.end is None or self.end - end > self.blocksize:
+                    self.total_requested_bytes += bend - start
+                    self.cache = self.fetcher(start, bend)
+                    self.start = start
+                else:
+                    self.total_requested_bytes += self.start - start
+                    new = self.fetcher(start, self.start)
+                    self.start = start
+                    self.cache = new + self.cache
+            elif self.end is not None and bend > self.end:
+                if self.end > self.size:
+                    pass
+                elif end - self.end > self.blocksize:
+                    self.total_requested_bytes += bend - start
+                    self.cache = self.fetcher(start, bend)
+                    self.start = start
+                else:
+                    self.total_requested_bytes += bend - self.end
+                    new = self.fetcher(self.end, bend)
+                    self.cache = self.cache + new
+
+        self.end = self.start + len(self.cache)
+        offset = start - self.start
+        out = self.cache[offset : offset + end - start]
+        if self.trim:
+            num = (self.end - self.start) // (self.blocksize + 1)
+            if num > 1:
+                self.start += self.blocksize * num
+                self.cache = self.cache[self.blocksize * num :]
+        return out
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.cache)
+
+
+class AllBytes(BaseCache):
+    """Cache entire contents of the file"""
+
+    name: ClassVar[str] = "all"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        blocksize: int | None = None,
+        fetcher: Fetcher | None = None,
+        size: int | None = None,
+        data: bytes | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(blocksize, fetcher, size)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        if data is None:
+            self.miss_count += 1
+            self.total_requested_bytes += self.size
+            data = self.fetcher(0, self.size)
+        self.data = data
+
+    def _fetch(self, start: int | None, stop: int | None) -> bytes:
+        self.hit_count += 1
+        return self.data[start:stop]
+
+
+class KnownPartsOfAFile(BaseCache):
+    """
+    Cache holding known file parts.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    blocksize: int
+        How far to read ahead in numbers of bytes
+    fetcher: func
+        Function of the form f(start, end) which gets bytes from remote as
+        specified
+    size: int
+        How big this file is
+    data: dict
+        A dictionary mapping explicit `(start, stop)` file-offset tuples
+        with known bytes.
+    strict: bool, default True
+        Whether to fetch reads that go beyond a known byte-range boundary.
+        If `False`, any read that ends outside a known part will be zero
+        padded. Note that zero padding will not be used for reads that
+        begin outside a known byte-range.
+    """
+
+    name: ClassVar[str] = "parts"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        blocksize: int,
+        fetcher: Fetcher,
+        size: int,
+        data: dict[tuple[int, int], bytes] | None = None,
+        strict: bool = False,
+        **_: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(blocksize, fetcher, size)
+        self.strict = strict
+
+        # simple consolidation of contiguous blocks
+        if data:
+            old_offsets = sorted(data.keys())
+            offsets = [old_offsets[0]]
+            blocks = [data.pop(old_offsets[0])]
+            for start, stop in old_offsets[1:]:
+                start0, stop0 = offsets[-1]
+                if start == stop0:
+                    offsets[-1] = (start0, stop)
+                    blocks[-1] += data.pop((start, stop))
+                else:
+                    offsets.append((start, stop))
+                    blocks.append(data.pop((start, stop)))
+
+            self.data = dict(zip(offsets, blocks))
+        else:
+            self.data = {}
+
+    @property
+    def size(self):
+        return sum(_[1] - _[0] for _ in self.data)
+
+    @size.setter
+    def size(self, value):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def nblocks(self):
+        return len(self.data)
+
+    @nblocks.setter
+    def nblocks(self, value):
+        pass
+
+    def _fetch(self, start: int | None, stop: int | None) -> bytes:
+        logger.debug("Known parts request %s %s", start, stop)
+        if start is None:
+            start = 0
+        if stop is None:
+            stop = self.size
+        self.total_requested_bytes += stop - start
+        out = b""
+        started = False
+        loc_old = 0
+        for loc0, loc1 in sorted(self.data):
+            if (loc0 <= start < loc1) and (loc0 <= stop <= loc1):
+                # entirely within the block
+                off = start - loc0
+                self.hit_count += 1
+                return self.data[(loc0, loc1)][off : off + stop - start]
+            if stop <= loc0:
+                break
+            if started and loc0 > loc_old:
+                # a gap where we need data
+                self.miss_count += 1
+                if self.strict:
+                    raise ValueError
+                out += b"\x00" * (loc0 - loc_old)
+            if loc0 <= start < loc1:
+                # found the start
+                self.hit_count += 1
+                off = start - loc0
+                out = self.data[(loc0, loc1)][off : off + stop - start]
+                started = True
+            elif start < loc0 and stop > loc1:
+                # the whole block
+                self.hit_count += 1
+                out += self.data[(loc0, loc1)]
+            elif loc0 <= stop <= loc1:
+                # end block
+                self.hit_count += 1
+                out = out + self.data[(loc0, loc1)][: stop - loc0]
+                return out
+            loc_old = loc1
+        self.miss_count += 1
+        if started and not self.strict:
+            out = out + b"\x00" * (stop - loc_old)
+            return out
+        raise ValueError
+
+
+class UpdatableLRU(Generic[P, T]):
+    """
+    Custom implementation of LRU cache that allows updating keys
+
+    Used by BackgroundBlockCache
+    """
+
+    class CacheInfo(NamedTuple):
+        hits: int
+        misses: int
+        maxsize: int
+        currsize: int
+
+    def __init__(self, func: Callable[P, T], max_size: int = 128) -> None:
+        self._cache: OrderedDict[Any, T] = collections.OrderedDict()
+        self._func = func
+        self._max_size = max_size
+        self._hits = 0
+        self._misses = 0
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+        if kwargs:
+            raise TypeError(f"Got unexpected keyword argument {kwargs.keys()}")
+        with self._lock:
+            if args in self._cache:
+                self._cache.move_to_end(args)
+                self._hits += 1
+                return self._cache[args]
+
+        result = self._func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        with self._lock:
+            self._cache[args] = result
+            self._misses += 1
+            if len(self._cache) > self._max_size:
+                self._cache.popitem(last=False)
+
+        return result
+
+    def is_key_cached(self, *args: Any) -> bool:
+        with self._lock:
+            return args in self._cache
+
+    def add_key(self, result: T, *args: Any) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            self._cache[args] = result
+            if len(self._cache) > self._max_size:
+                self._cache.popitem(last=False)
+
+    def cache_info(self) -> UpdatableLRU.CacheInfo:
+        with self._lock:
+            return self.CacheInfo(
+                maxsize=self._max_size,
+                currsize=len(self._cache),
+                hits=self._hits,
+                misses=self._misses,
+            )
+
+
+class BackgroundBlockCache(BaseCache):
+    """
+    Cache holding memory as a set of blocks with pre-loading of
+    the next block in the background.
+
+    Requests are only ever made ``blocksize`` at a time, and are
+    stored in an LRU cache. The least recently accessed block is
+    discarded when more than ``maxblocks`` are stored. If the
+    next block is not in cache, it is loaded in a separate thread
+    in non-blocking way.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    blocksize : int
+        The number of bytes to store in each block.
+        Requests are only ever made for ``blocksize``, so this
+        should balance the overhead of making a request against
+        the granularity of the blocks.
+    fetcher : Callable
+    size : int
+        The total size of the file being cached.
+    maxblocks : int
+        The maximum number of blocks to cache for. The maximum memory
+        use for this cache is then ``blocksize * maxblocks``.
+    """
+
+    name: ClassVar[str] = "background"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, blocksize: int, fetcher: Fetcher, size: int, maxblocks: int = 32
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(blocksize, fetcher, size)
+        self.nblocks = math.ceil(size / blocksize)
+        self.maxblocks = maxblocks
+        self._fetch_block_cached = UpdatableLRU(self._fetch_block, maxblocks)
+
+        self._thread_executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
+        self._fetch_future_block_number: int | None = None
+        self._fetch_future: Future[bytes] | None = None
+        self._fetch_future_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def cache_info(self) -> UpdatableLRU.CacheInfo:
+        """
+        The statistics on the block cache.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        NamedTuple
+            Returned directly from the LRU Cache used internally.
+        """
+        return self._fetch_block_cached.cache_info()
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        state = self.__dict__
+        del state["_fetch_block_cached"]
+        del state["_thread_executor"]
+        del state["_fetch_future_block_number"]
+        del state["_fetch_future"]
+        del state["_fetch_future_lock"]
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state) -> None:
+        self.__dict__.update(state)
+        self._fetch_block_cached = UpdatableLRU(self._fetch_block, state["maxblocks"])
+        self._thread_executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
+        self._fetch_future_block_number = None
+        self._fetch_future = None
+        self._fetch_future_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def _fetch(self, start: int | None, end: int | None) -> bytes:
+        if start is None:
+            start = 0
+        if end is None:
+            end = self.size
+        if start >= self.size or start >= end:
+            return b""
+
+        # byte position -> block numbers
+        start_block_number = start // self.blocksize
+        end_block_number = end // self.blocksize
+
+        fetch_future_block_number = None
+        fetch_future = None
+        with self._fetch_future_lock:
+            # Background thread is running. Check we we can or must join it.
+            if self._fetch_future is not None:
+                assert self._fetch_future_block_number is not None
+                if self._fetch_future.done():
+                    logger.info("BlockCache joined background fetch without waiting.")
+                    self._fetch_block_cached.add_key(
+                        self._fetch_future.result(), self._fetch_future_block_number
+                    )
+                    # Cleanup the fetch variables. Done with fetching the block.
+                    self._fetch_future_block_number = None
+                    self._fetch_future = None
+                else:
+                    # Must join if we need the block for the current fetch
+                    must_join = bool(
+                        start_block_number
+                        <= self._fetch_future_block_number
+                        <= end_block_number
+                    )
+                    if must_join:
+                        # Copy to the local variables to release lock
+                        # before waiting for result
+                        fetch_future_block_number = self._fetch_future_block_number
+                        fetch_future = self._fetch_future
+
+                        # Cleanup the fetch variables. Have a local copy.
+                        self._fetch_future_block_number = None
+                        self._fetch_future = None
+
+        # Need to wait for the future for the current read
+        if fetch_future is not None:
+            logger.info("BlockCache waiting for background fetch.")
+            # Wait until result and put it in cache
+            self._fetch_block_cached.add_key(
+                fetch_future.result(), fetch_future_block_number
+            )
+
+        # these are cached, so safe to do multiple calls for the same start and end.
+        for block_number in range(start_block_number, end_block_number + 1):
+            self._fetch_block_cached(block_number)
+
+        # fetch next block in the background if nothing is running in the background,
+        # the block is within file and it is not already cached
+        end_block_plus_1 = end_block_number + 1
+        with self._fetch_future_lock:
+            if (
+                self._fetch_future is None
+                and end_block_plus_1 <= self.nblocks
+                and not self._fetch_block_cached.is_key_cached(end_block_plus_1)
+            ):
+                self._fetch_future_block_number = end_block_plus_1
+                self._fetch_future = self._thread_executor.submit(
+                    self._fetch_block, end_block_plus_1, "async"
+                )
+
+        return self._read_cache(
+            start,
+            end,
+            start_block_number=start_block_number,
+            end_block_number=end_block_number,
+        )
+
+    def _fetch_block(self, block_number: int, log_info: str = "sync") -> bytes:
+        """
+        Fetch the block of data for `block_number`.
+        """
+        if block_number > self.nblocks:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"'block_number={block_number}' is greater than "
+                f"the number of blocks ({self.nblocks})"
+            )
+
+        start = block_number * self.blocksize
+        end = start + self.blocksize
+        logger.info("BlockCache fetching block (%s) %d", log_info, block_number)
+        self.total_requested_bytes += end - start
+        self.miss_count += 1
+        block_contents = super()._fetch(start, end)
+        return block_contents
+
+    def _read_cache(
+        self, start: int, end: int, start_block_number: int, end_block_number: int
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read from our block cache.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        start, end : int
+            The start and end byte positions.
+        start_block_number, end_block_number : int
+            The start and end block numbers.
+        """
+        start_pos = start % self.blocksize
+        end_pos = end % self.blocksize
+
+        # kind of pointless to count this as a hit, but it is
+        self.hit_count += 1
+
+        if start_block_number == end_block_number:
+            block = self._fetch_block_cached(start_block_number)
+            return block[start_pos:end_pos]
+
+        else:
+            # read from the initial
+            out = [self._fetch_block_cached(start_block_number)[start_pos:]]
+
+            # intermediate blocks
+            # Note: it'd be nice to combine these into one big request. However
+            # that doesn't play nicely with our LRU cache.
+            out.extend(
+                map(
+                    self._fetch_block_cached,
+                    range(start_block_number + 1, end_block_number),
+                )
+            )
+
+            # final block
+            out.append(self._fetch_block_cached(end_block_number)[:end_pos])
+
+            return b"".join(out)
+
+
+caches: dict[str | None, type[BaseCache]] = {
+    # one custom case
+    None: BaseCache,
+}
+
+
+def register_cache(cls: type[BaseCache], clobber: bool = False) -> None:
+    """'Register' cache implementation.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    clobber: bool, optional
+        If set to True (default is False) - allow to overwrite existing
+        entry.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+    """
+    name = cls.name
+    if not clobber and name in caches:
+        raise ValueError(f"Cache with name {name!r} is already known: {caches[name]}")
+    caches[name] = cls
+
+
+for c in (
+    BaseCache,
+    MMapCache,
+    BytesCache,
+    ReadAheadCache,
+    BlockCache,
+    FirstChunkCache,
+    AllBytes,
+    KnownPartsOfAFile,
+    BackgroundBlockCache,
+):
+    register_cache(c)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/callbacks.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/callbacks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ca99ca6ac3cd69b28bcd1550f6550e8e648c5fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/callbacks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+from functools import wraps
+
+
+class Callback:
+    """
+    Base class and interface for callback mechanism
+
+    This class can be used directly for monitoring file transfers by
+    providing ``callback=Callback(hooks=...)`` (see the ``hooks`` argument,
+    below), or subclassed for more specialised behaviour.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    size: int (optional)
+        Nominal quantity for the value that corresponds to a complete
+        transfer, e.g., total number of tiles or total number of
+        bytes
+    value: int (0)
+        Starting internal counter value
+    hooks: dict or None
+        A dict of named functions to be called on each update. The signature
+        of these must be ``f(size, value, **kwargs)``
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, size=None, value=0, hooks=None, **kwargs):
+        self.size = size
+        self.value = value
+        self.hooks = hooks or {}
+        self.kw = kwargs
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc_args):
+        self.close()
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close callback."""
+
+    def branched(self, path_1, path_2, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Return callback for child transfers
+
+        If this callback is operating at a higher level, e.g., put, which may
+        trigger transfers that can also be monitored. The function returns a callback
+        that has to be passed to the child method, e.g., put_file,
+        as `callback=` argument.
+
+        The implementation uses `callback.branch` for compatibility.
+        When implementing callbacks, it is recommended to override this function instead
+        of `branch` and avoid calling `super().branched(...)`.
+
+        Prefer using this function over `branch`.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path_1: str
+            Child's source path
+        path_2: str
+            Child's destination path
+        **kwargs:
+            Arbitrary keyword arguments
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        callback: Callback
+            A callback instance to be passed to the child method
+        """
+        self.branch(path_1, path_2, kwargs)
+        # mutate kwargs so that we can force the caller to pass "callback=" explicitly
+        return kwargs.pop("callback", DEFAULT_CALLBACK)
+
+    def branch_coro(self, fn):
+        """
+        Wraps a coroutine, and pass a new child callback to it.
+        """
+
+        @wraps(fn)
+        async def func(path1, path2: str, **kwargs):
+            with self.branched(path1, path2, **kwargs) as child:
+                return await fn(path1, path2, callback=child, **kwargs)
+
+        return func
+
+    def set_size(self, size):
+        """
+        Set the internal maximum size attribute
+
+        Usually called if not initially set at instantiation. Note that this
+        triggers a ``call()``.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        size: int
+        """
+        self.size = size
+        self.call()
+
+    def absolute_update(self, value):
+        """
+        Set the internal value state
+
+        Triggers ``call()``
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        value: int
+        """
+        self.value = value
+        self.call()
+
+    def relative_update(self, inc=1):
+        """
+        Delta increment the internal counter
+
+        Triggers ``call()``
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        inc: int
+        """
+        self.value += inc
+        self.call()
+
+    def call(self, hook_name=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Execute hook(s) with current state
+
+        Each function is passed the internal size and current value
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        hook_name: str or None
+            If given, execute on this hook
+        kwargs: passed on to (all) hook(s)
+        """
+        if not self.hooks:
+            return
+        kw = self.kw.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        if hook_name:
+            if hook_name not in self.hooks:
+                return
+            return self.hooks[hook_name](self.size, self.value, **kw)
+        for hook in self.hooks.values() or []:
+            hook(self.size, self.value, **kw)
+
+    def wrap(self, iterable):
+        """
+        Wrap an iterable to call ``relative_update`` on each iterations
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        iterable: Iterable
+            The iterable that is being wrapped
+        """
+        for item in iterable:
+            self.relative_update()
+            yield item
+
+    def branch(self, path_1, path_2, kwargs):
+        """
+        Set callbacks for child transfers
+
+        If this callback is operating at a higher level, e.g., put, which may
+        trigger transfers that can also be monitored. The passed kwargs are
+        to be *mutated* to add ``callback=``, if this class supports branching
+        to children.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path_1: str
+            Child's source path
+        path_2: str
+            Child's destination path
+        kwargs: dict
+            arguments passed to child method, e.g., put_file.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+
+        """
+        return None
+
+    def no_op(self, *_, **__):
+        pass
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        """
+        If undefined methods are called on this class, nothing happens
+        """
+        return self.no_op
+
+    @classmethod
+    def as_callback(cls, maybe_callback=None):
+        """Transform callback=... into Callback instance
+
+        For the special value of ``None``, return the global instance of
+        ``NoOpCallback``. This is an alternative to including
+        ``callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK`` directly in a method signature.
+        """
+        if maybe_callback is None:
+            return DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+        return maybe_callback
+
+
+class NoOpCallback(Callback):
+    """
+    This implementation of Callback does exactly nothing
+    """
+
+    def call(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return None
+
+
+class DotPrinterCallback(Callback):
+    """
+    Simple example Callback implementation
+
+    Almost identical to Callback with a hook that prints a char; here we
+    demonstrate how the outer layer may print "#" and the inner layer "."
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, chr_to_print="#", **kwargs):
+        self.chr = chr_to_print
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def branch(self, path_1, path_2, kwargs):
+        """Mutate kwargs to add new instance with different print char"""
+        kwargs["callback"] = DotPrinterCallback(".")
+
+    def call(self, **kwargs):
+        """Just outputs a character"""
+        print(self.chr, end="")
+
+
+class TqdmCallback(Callback):
+    """
+    A callback to display a progress bar using tqdm
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    tqdm_kwargs : dict, (optional)
+        Any argument accepted by the tqdm constructor.
+        See the `tqdm doc <https://tqdm.github.io/docs/tqdm/#__init__>`_.
+        Will be forwarded to `tqdm_cls`.
+    tqdm_cls: (optional)
+        subclass of `tqdm.tqdm`. If not passed, it will default to `tqdm.tqdm`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import fsspec
+    >>> from fsspec.callbacks import TqdmCallback
+    >>> fs = fsspec.filesystem("memory")
+    >>> path2distant_data = "/your-path"
+    >>> fs.upload(
+            ".",
+            path2distant_data,
+            recursive=True,
+            callback=TqdmCallback(),
+        )
+
+    You can forward args to tqdm using the ``tqdm_kwargs`` parameter.
+
+    >>> fs.upload(
+            ".",
+            path2distant_data,
+            recursive=True,
+            callback=TqdmCallback(tqdm_kwargs={"desc": "Your tqdm description"}),
+        )
+
+    You can also customize the progress bar by passing a subclass of `tqdm`.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        class TqdmFormat(tqdm):
+            '''Provides a `total_time` format parameter'''
+            @property
+            def format_dict(self):
+                d = super().format_dict
+                total_time = d["elapsed"] * (d["total"] or 0) / max(d["n"], 1)
+                d.update(total_time=self.format_interval(total_time) + " in total")
+                return d
+
+    >>> with TqdmCallback(
+            tqdm_kwargs={
+                "desc": "desc",
+                "bar_format": "{total_time}: {percentage:.0f}%|{bar}{r_bar}",
+            },
+            tqdm_cls=TqdmFormat,
+        ) as callback:
+            fs.upload(".", path2distant_data, recursive=True, callback=callback)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, tqdm_kwargs=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            from tqdm import tqdm
+
+        except ImportError as exce:
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Using TqdmCallback requires tqdm to be installed"
+            ) from exce
+
+        self._tqdm_cls = kwargs.pop("tqdm_cls", tqdm)
+        self._tqdm_kwargs = tqdm_kwargs or {}
+        self.tqdm = None
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def call(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.tqdm is None:
+            self.tqdm = self._tqdm_cls(total=self.size, **self._tqdm_kwargs)
+        self.tqdm.total = self.size
+        self.tqdm.update(self.value - self.tqdm.n)
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self.tqdm is not None:
+            self.tqdm.close()
+            self.tqdm = None
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        return self.close()
+
+
+DEFAULT_CALLBACK = _DEFAULT_CALLBACK = NoOpCallback()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/compression.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/compression.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11c2e3d3f142d95186663fa5a747911e66832266
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/compression.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+"""Helper functions for a standard streaming compression API"""
+
+import sys
+from zipfile import ZipFile
+
+import fsspec.utils
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+
+
+def noop_file(file, mode, **kwargs):
+    return file
+
+
+# TODO: files should also be available as contexts
+# should be functions of the form func(infile, mode=, **kwargs) -> file-like
+compr = {None: noop_file}
+
+
+def register_compression(name, callback, extensions, force=False):
+    """Register an "inferable" file compression type.
+
+    Registers transparent file compression type for use with fsspec.open.
+    Compression can be specified by name in open, or "infer"-ed for any files
+    ending with the given extensions.
+
+    Args:
+        name: (str) The compression type name. Eg. "gzip".
+        callback: A callable of form (infile, mode, **kwargs) -> file-like.
+            Accepts an input file-like object, the target mode and kwargs.
+            Returns a wrapped file-like object.
+        extensions: (str, Iterable[str]) A file extension, or list of file
+            extensions for which to infer this compression scheme. Eg. "gz".
+        force: (bool) Force re-registration of compression type or extensions.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If name or extensions already registered, and not force.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(extensions, str):
+        extensions = [extensions]
+
+    # Validate registration
+    if name in compr and not force:
+        raise ValueError(f"Duplicate compression registration: {name}")
+
+    for ext in extensions:
+        if ext in fsspec.utils.compressions and not force:
+            raise ValueError(f"Duplicate compression file extension: {ext} ({name})")
+
+    compr[name] = callback
+
+    for ext in extensions:
+        fsspec.utils.compressions[ext] = name
+
+
+def unzip(infile, mode="rb", filename=None, **kwargs):
+    if "r" not in mode:
+        filename = filename or "file"
+        z = ZipFile(infile, mode="w", **kwargs)
+        fo = z.open(filename, mode="w")
+        fo.close = lambda closer=fo.close: closer() or z.close()
+        return fo
+    z = ZipFile(infile)
+    if filename is None:
+        filename = z.namelist()[0]
+    return z.open(filename, mode="r", **kwargs)
+
+
+register_compression("zip", unzip, "zip")
+
+try:
+    from bz2 import BZ2File
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+else:
+    register_compression("bz2", BZ2File, "bz2")
+
+try:  # pragma: no cover
+    from isal import igzip
+
+    def isal(infile, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        return igzip.IGzipFile(fileobj=infile, mode=mode, **kwargs)
+
+    register_compression("gzip", isal, "gz")
+except ImportError:
+    from gzip import GzipFile
+
+    register_compression(
+        "gzip", lambda f, **kwargs: GzipFile(fileobj=f, **kwargs), "gz"
+    )
+
+try:
+    from lzma import LZMAFile
+
+    register_compression("lzma", LZMAFile, "lzma")
+    register_compression("xz", LZMAFile, "xz")
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    import lzmaffi
+
+    register_compression("lzma", lzmaffi.LZMAFile, "lzma", force=True)
+    register_compression("xz", lzmaffi.LZMAFile, "xz", force=True)
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+class SnappyFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def __init__(self, infile, mode, **kwargs):
+        import snappy
+
+        super().__init__(
+            fs=None, path="snappy", mode=mode.strip("b") + "b", size=999999999, **kwargs
+        )
+        self.infile = infile
+        if "r" in mode:
+            self.codec = snappy.StreamDecompressor()
+        else:
+            self.codec = snappy.StreamCompressor()
+
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        self.buffer.seek(0)
+        out = self.codec.add_chunk(self.buffer.read())
+        self.infile.write(out)
+        return True
+
+    def seek(self, loc, whence=0):
+        raise NotImplementedError("SnappyFile is not seekable")
+
+    def seekable(self):
+        return False
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Get the specified set of bytes from remote"""
+        data = self.infile.read(end - start)
+        return self.codec.decompress(data)
+
+
+try:
+    import snappy
+
+    snappy.compress(b"")
+    # Snappy may use the .sz file extension, but this is not part of the
+    # standard implementation.
+    register_compression("snappy", SnappyFile, [])
+
+except (ImportError, NameError, AttributeError):
+    pass
+
+try:
+    import lz4.frame
+
+    register_compression("lz4", lz4.frame.open, "lz4")
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+        from compression import zstd
+    else:
+        from backports import zstd
+
+    register_compression("zstd", zstd.ZstdFile, "zst")
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        import zstandard as zstd
+
+        def zstandard_file(infile, mode="rb"):
+            if "r" in mode:
+                cctx = zstd.ZstdDecompressor()
+                return cctx.stream_reader(infile)
+            else:
+                cctx = zstd.ZstdCompressor(level=10)
+                return cctx.stream_writer(infile)
+
+        register_compression("zstd", zstandard_file, "zst")
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    pass
+
+
+def available_compressions():
+    """Return a list of the implemented compressions."""
+    return list(compr)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/config.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19f68071ca026dc2bb11da70effb0c517de5380b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import configparser
+import json
+import os
+import warnings
+from typing import Any
+
+conf: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+default_conf_dir = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), ".config/fsspec")
+conf_dir = os.environ.get("FSSPEC_CONFIG_DIR", default_conf_dir)
+
+
+def set_conf_env(conf_dict, envdict=os.environ):
+    """Set config values from environment variables
+
+    Looks for variables of the form ``FSSPEC_<protocol>`` and
+    ``FSSPEC_<protocol>_<kwarg>``. For ``FSSPEC_<protocol>`` the value is parsed
+    as a json dictionary and used to ``update`` the config of the
+    corresponding protocol. For ``FSSPEC_<protocol>_<kwarg>`` there is no
+    attempt to convert the string value, but the kwarg keys will be lower-cased.
+
+    The ``FSSPEC_<protocol>_<kwarg>`` variables are applied after the
+    ``FSSPEC_<protocol>`` ones.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    conf_dict : dict(str, dict)
+        This dict will be mutated
+    envdict : dict-like(str, str)
+        Source for the values - usually the real environment
+    """
+    envdict = dict(envdict)
+    kwarg_keys = []
+    for key in envdict:
+        if key.startswith("FSSPEC_") and len(key) > 7 and key[7] != "_":
+            try:
+                value = json.loads(envdict[key])
+                envdict[key] = value
+            except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:
+                value = envdict[key]
+            if key.count("_") > 1:
+                kwarg_keys.append(key)
+                continue
+            else:
+                if isinstance(value, dict):
+                    _, proto = key.split("_", 1)
+                    conf_dict.setdefault(proto.lower(), {}).update(value)
+                else:
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        f"Ignoring environment variable {key} due to not being a dict:"
+                        f" {type(value)}"
+                    )
+        elif key.startswith("FSSPEC"):
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Ignoring environment variable {key} due to having an unexpected name"
+            )
+
+    for key in kwarg_keys:
+        _, proto, kwarg = key.split("_", 2)
+        conf_dict.setdefault(proto.lower(), {})[kwarg.lower()] = envdict[key]
+
+
+def set_conf_files(cdir, conf_dict):
+    """Set config values from files
+
+    Scans for INI and JSON files in the given dictionary, and uses their
+    contents to set the config. In case of repeated values, later values
+    win.
+
+    In the case of INI files, all values are strings, and these will not
+    be converted.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    cdir : str
+        Directory to search
+    conf_dict : dict(str, dict)
+        This dict will be mutated
+    """
+    if not os.path.isdir(cdir):
+        return
+    allfiles = sorted(os.listdir(cdir))
+    for fn in allfiles:
+        if fn.endswith(".ini"):
+            ini = configparser.ConfigParser()
+            ini.read(os.path.join(cdir, fn))
+            for key in ini:
+                if key == "DEFAULT":
+                    continue
+                conf_dict.setdefault(key, {}).update(dict(ini[key]))
+        if fn.endswith(".json"):
+            with open(os.path.join(cdir, fn)) as f:
+                js = json.load(f)
+            for key in js:
+                conf_dict.setdefault(key, {}).update(dict(js[key]))
+
+
+def apply_config(cls, kwargs, conf_dict=None):
+    """Supply default values for kwargs when instantiating class
+
+    Augments the passed kwargs, by finding entries in the config dict
+    which match the classes ``.protocol`` attribute (one or more str)
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    cls : file system implementation
+    kwargs : dict
+    conf_dict : dict of dict
+        Typically this is the global configuration
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict : the modified set of kwargs
+    """
+    if conf_dict is None:
+        conf_dict = conf
+    protos = cls.protocol if isinstance(cls.protocol, (tuple, list)) else [cls.protocol]
+    kw = {}
+    for proto in protos:
+        # default kwargs from the current state of the config
+        if proto in conf_dict:
+            kw.update(conf_dict[proto])
+    # explicit kwargs always win
+    kw.update(**kwargs)
+    kwargs = kw
+    return kwargs
+
+
+set_conf_files(conf_dir, conf)
+set_conf_env(conf)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/conftest.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f05eb5c30d42b0c1c5cc432f9c217d8f0e01f412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+
+import pytest
+
+import fsspec
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def m():
+    """
+    Fixture providing a memory filesystem.
+    """
+    m = fsspec.filesystem("memory")
+    m.store.clear()
+    m.pseudo_dirs.clear()
+    m.pseudo_dirs.append("")
+    try:
+        yield m
+    finally:
+        m.store.clear()
+        m.pseudo_dirs.clear()
+        m.pseudo_dirs.append("")
+
+
+class InstanceCacheInspector:
+    """
+    Helper class to inspect instance caches of filesystem classes in tests.
+    """
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Clear instance caches of all currently imported filesystem classes.
+        """
+        classes = deque([fsspec.spec.AbstractFileSystem])
+        while classes:
+            cls = classes.popleft()
+            cls.clear_instance_cache()
+            classes.extend(cls.__subclasses__())
+
+    def gather_counts(self, *, omit_zero: bool = True) -> dict[str, int]:
+        """
+        Gather counts of filesystem instances in the instance caches
+        of all currently imported filesystem classes.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        omit_zero:
+            Whether to omit instance types with no cached instances.
+        """
+        out: dict[str, int] = {}
+        classes = deque([fsspec.spec.AbstractFileSystem])
+        while classes:
+            cls = classes.popleft()
+            count = len(cls._cache)  # there is no public interface for the cache
+            # note: skip intermediate AbstractFileSystem subclasses
+            #   if they proxy the protocol attribute via a property.
+            if isinstance(cls.protocol, (Sequence, str)):
+                key = cls.protocol if isinstance(cls.protocol, str) else cls.protocol[0]
+                if count or not omit_zero:
+                    out[key] = count
+            classes.extend(cls.__subclasses__())
+        return out
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function", autouse=True)
+def instance_caches() -> Generator[InstanceCacheInspector, None, None]:
+    """
+    Fixture to ensure empty filesystem instance caches before and after a test.
+
+    Used by default for all tests.
+    Clears caches of all imported filesystem classes.
+    Can be used to write test assertions about instance caches.
+
+    Usage:
+
+        def test_something(instance_caches):
+            # Test code here
+            fsspec.open("file://abc")
+            fsspec.open("memory://foo/bar")
+
+            # Test assertion
+            assert instance_caches.gather_counts() == {"file": 1, "memory": 1}
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    instance_caches: An instance cache inspector for clearing and inspecting caches.
+    """
+    ic = InstanceCacheInspector()
+
+    ic.clear()
+    try:
+        yield ic
+    finally:
+        ic.clear()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+def ftp_writable(tmpdir):
+    """
+    Fixture providing a writable FTP filesystem.
+    """
+    pytest.importorskip("pyftpdlib")
+
+    d = str(tmpdir)
+    with open(os.path.join(d, "out"), "wb") as f:
+        f.write(b"hello" * 10000)
+    P = subprocess.Popen(
+        [sys.executable, "-m", "pyftpdlib", "-d", d, "-u", "user", "-P", "pass", "-w"]
+    )
+    try:
+        time.sleep(1)
+        yield "localhost", 2121, "user", "pass"
+    finally:
+        P.terminate()
+        P.wait()
+        try:
+            shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/core.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5876bfcefc176b3b3aed0e16b54fa3809a5a0eee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+from glob import has_magic
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# for backwards compat, we export cache things from here too
+from fsspec.caching import (  # noqa: F401
+    BaseCache,
+    BlockCache,
+    BytesCache,
+    MMapCache,
+    ReadAheadCache,
+    caches,
+)
+from fsspec.compression import compr
+from fsspec.config import conf
+from fsspec.registry import available_protocols, filesystem, get_filesystem_class
+from fsspec.utils import (
+    _unstrip_protocol,
+    build_name_function,
+    infer_compression,
+    stringify_path,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec")
+
+
+class OpenFile:
+    """
+    File-like object to be used in a context
+
+    Can layer (buffered) text-mode and compression over any file-system, which
+    are typically binary-only.
+
+    These instances are safe to serialize, as the low-level file object
+    is not created until invoked using ``with``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fs: FileSystem
+        The file system to use for opening the file. Should be a subclass or duck-type
+        with ``fsspec.spec.AbstractFileSystem``
+    path: str
+        Location to open
+    mode: str like 'rb', optional
+        Mode of the opened file
+    compression: str or None, optional
+        Compression to apply
+    encoding: str or None, optional
+        The encoding to use if opened in text mode.
+    errors: str or None, optional
+        How to handle encoding errors if opened in text mode.
+    newline: None or str
+        Passed to TextIOWrapper in text mode, how to handle line endings.
+    autoopen: bool
+        If True, calls open() immediately. Mostly used by pickle
+    pos: int
+        If given and autoopen is True, seek to this location immediately
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        compression=None,
+        encoding=None,
+        errors=None,
+        newline=None,
+    ):
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.path = path
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.compression = get_compression(path, compression)
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.errors = errors
+        self.newline = newline
+        self.fobjects = []
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (
+            OpenFile,
+            (
+                self.fs,
+                self.path,
+                self.mode,
+                self.compression,
+                self.encoding,
+                self.errors,
+                self.newline,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<OpenFile '{self.path}'>"
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        mode = self.mode.replace("t", "").replace("b", "") + "b"
+
+        try:
+            f = self.fs.open(self.path, mode=mode)
+        except FileNotFoundError as e:
+            if has_magic(self.path):
+                raise FileNotFoundError(
+                    "%s not found. The URL contains glob characters: you maybe needed\n"
+                    "to pass expand=True in fsspec.open() or the storage_options of \n"
+                    "your library. You can also set the config value 'open_expand'\n"
+                    "before import, or fsspec.core.DEFAULT_EXPAND at runtime, to True.",
+                    self.path,
+                ) from e
+            raise
+
+        self.fobjects = [f]
+
+        if self.compression is not None:
+            compress = compr[self.compression]
+            f = compress(f, mode=mode[0])
+            self.fobjects.append(f)
+
+        if "b" not in self.mode:
+            # assume, for example, that 'r' is equivalent to 'rt' as in builtin
+            f = PickleableTextIOWrapper(
+                f, encoding=self.encoding, errors=self.errors, newline=self.newline
+            )
+            self.fobjects.append(f)
+
+        return self.fobjects[-1]
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.close()
+
+    @property
+    def full_name(self):
+        return _unstrip_protocol(self.path, self.fs)
+
+    def open(self):
+        """Materialise this as a real open file without context
+
+        The OpenFile object should be explicitly closed to avoid enclosed file
+        instances persisting. You must, therefore, keep a reference to the OpenFile
+        during the life of the file-like it generates.
+        """
+        return self.__enter__()
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close all encapsulated file objects"""
+        for f in reversed(self.fobjects):
+            if "r" not in self.mode and not f.closed:
+                f.flush()
+            f.close()
+        self.fobjects.clear()
+
+
+class OpenFiles(list):
+    """List of OpenFile instances
+
+    Can be used in a single context, which opens and closes all of the
+    contained files. Normal list access to get the elements works as
+    normal.
+
+    A special case is made for caching filesystems - the files will
+    be down/uploaded together at the start or end of the context, and
+    this may happen concurrently, if the target filesystem supports it.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, mode="rb", fs=None):
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.files = []
+        super().__init__(*args)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        if self.fs is None:
+            raise ValueError("Context has already been used")
+
+        fs = self.fs
+        while True:
+            if hasattr(fs, "open_many"):
+                # check for concurrent cache download; or set up for upload
+                self.files = fs.open_many(self)
+                return self.files
+            if hasattr(fs, "fs") and fs.fs is not None:
+                fs = fs.fs
+            else:
+                break
+        return [s.__enter__() for s in self]
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        fs = self.fs
+        [s.__exit__(*args) for s in self]
+        if "r" not in self.mode:
+            while True:
+                if hasattr(fs, "open_many"):
+                    # check for concurrent cache upload
+                    fs.commit_many(self.files)
+                    return
+                if hasattr(fs, "fs") and fs.fs is not None:
+                    fs = fs.fs
+                else:
+                    break
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item):
+        out = super().__getitem__(item)
+        if isinstance(item, slice):
+            return OpenFiles(out, mode=self.mode, fs=self.fs)
+        return out
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<List of {len(self)} OpenFile instances>"
+
+
+def open_files(
+    urlpath,
+    mode="rb",
+    compression=None,
+    encoding="utf8",
+    errors=None,
+    name_function=None,
+    num=1,
+    protocol=None,
+    newline=None,
+    auto_mkdir=True,
+    expand=True,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """Given a path or paths, return a list of ``OpenFile`` objects.
+
+    For writing, a str path must contain the "*" character, which will be filled
+    in by increasing numbers, e.g., "part*" ->  "part1", "part2" if num=2.
+
+    For either reading or writing, can instead provide explicit list of paths.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    urlpath: string or list
+        Absolute or relative filepath(s). Prefix with a protocol like ``s3://``
+        to read from alternative filesystems. To read from multiple files you
+        can pass a globstring or a list of paths, with the caveat that they
+        must all have the same protocol.
+    mode: 'rb', 'wt', etc.
+    compression: string or None
+        If given, open file using compression codec. Can either be a compression
+        name (a key in ``fsspec.compression.compr``) or "infer" to guess the
+        compression from the filename suffix.
+    encoding: str
+        For text mode only
+    errors: None or str
+        Passed to TextIOWrapper in text mode
+    name_function: function or None
+        if opening a set of files for writing, those files do not yet exist,
+        so we need to generate their names by formatting the urlpath for
+        each sequence number
+    num: int [1]
+        if writing mode, number of files we expect to create (passed to
+        name+function)
+    protocol: str or None
+        If given, overrides the protocol found in the URL.
+    newline: bytes or None
+        Used for line terminator in text mode. If None, uses system default;
+        if blank, uses no translation.
+    auto_mkdir: bool (True)
+        If in write mode, this will ensure the target directory exists before
+        writing, by calling ``fs.mkdirs(exist_ok=True)``.
+    expand: bool
+    **kwargs: dict
+        Extra options that make sense to a particular storage connection, e.g.
+        host, port, username, password, etc.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> files = open_files('2015-*-*.csv')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> files = open_files(
+    ...     's3://bucket/2015-*-*.csv.gz', compression='gzip'
+    ... )  # doctest: +SKIP
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    An ``OpenFiles`` instance, which is a list of ``OpenFile`` objects that can
+    be used as a single context
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For a full list of the available protocols and the implementations that
+    they map across to see the latest online documentation:
+
+    - For implementations built into ``fsspec`` see
+      https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#built-in-implementations
+    - For implementations in separate packages see
+      https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#other-known-implementations
+    """
+    fs, fs_token, paths = get_fs_token_paths(
+        urlpath,
+        mode,
+        num=num,
+        name_function=name_function,
+        storage_options=kwargs,
+        protocol=protocol,
+        expand=expand,
+    )
+    if fs.protocol == "file":
+        fs.auto_mkdir = auto_mkdir
+    elif "r" not in mode and auto_mkdir:
+        parents = {fs._parent(path) for path in paths}
+        for parent in parents:
+            try:
+                fs.makedirs(parent, exist_ok=True)
+            except PermissionError:
+                pass
+    return OpenFiles(
+        [
+            OpenFile(
+                fs,
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                compression=compression,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                errors=errors,
+                newline=newline,
+            )
+            for path in paths
+        ],
+        mode=mode,
+        fs=fs,
+    )
+
+
+def _un_chain(path, kwargs):
+    # Avoid a circular import
+    from fsspec.implementations.chained import ChainedFileSystem
+
+    if "::" in path:
+        x = re.compile(".*[^a-z]+.*")  # test for non protocol-like single word
+        known_protocols = set(available_protocols())
+        bits = []
+
+        # split on '::', then ensure each bit has a protocol
+        for p in path.split("::"):
+            if p in known_protocols:
+                bits.append(p + "://")
+            elif "://" in p or x.match(p):
+                bits.append(p)
+            else:
+                bits.append(p + "://")
+    else:
+        bits = [path]
+
+    # [[url, protocol, kwargs], ...]
+    out = []
+    previous_bit = None
+    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+
+    for bit in reversed(bits):
+        protocol = kwargs.pop("protocol", None) or split_protocol(bit)[0] or "file"
+        cls = get_filesystem_class(protocol)
+        extra_kwargs = cls._get_kwargs_from_urls(bit)
+        kws = kwargs.pop(protocol, {})
+
+        if bit is bits[0]:
+            kws.update(kwargs)
+
+        kw = dict(
+            **{k: v for k, v in extra_kwargs.items() if k not in kws or v != kws[k]},
+            **kws,
+        )
+        bit = cls._strip_protocol(bit)
+
+        if (
+            "target_protocol" not in kw
+            and issubclass(cls, ChainedFileSystem)
+            and not bit
+        ):
+            # replace bit if we are chaining and no path given
+            bit = previous_bit
+
+        out.append((bit, protocol, kw))
+        previous_bit = bit
+
+    out.reverse()
+    return out
+
+
+def url_to_fs(url, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Turn fully-qualified and potentially chained URL into filesystem instance
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    url : str
+        The fsspec-compatible URL
+    **kwargs: dict
+        Extra options that make sense to a particular storage connection, e.g.
+        host, port, username, password, etc.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    filesystem : FileSystem
+        The new filesystem discovered from ``url`` and created with
+        ``**kwargs``.
+    urlpath : str
+        The file-systems-specific URL for ``url``.
+    """
+    url = stringify_path(url)
+    # non-FS arguments that appear in fsspec.open()
+    # inspect could keep this in sync with open()'s signature
+    known_kwargs = {
+        "compression",
+        "encoding",
+        "errors",
+        "expand",
+        "mode",
+        "name_function",
+        "newline",
+        "num",
+    }
+    kwargs = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k not in known_kwargs}
+    chain = _un_chain(url, kwargs)
+    inkwargs = {}
+    # Reverse iterate the chain, creating a nested target_* structure
+    for i, ch in enumerate(reversed(chain)):
+        urls, protocol, kw = ch
+        if i == len(chain) - 1:
+            inkwargs = dict(**kw, **inkwargs)
+            continue
+        inkwargs["target_options"] = dict(**kw, **inkwargs)
+        inkwargs["target_protocol"] = protocol
+        inkwargs["fo"] = urls
+    urlpath, protocol, _ = chain[0]
+    fs = filesystem(protocol, **inkwargs)
+    return fs, urlpath
+
+
+DEFAULT_EXPAND = conf.get("open_expand", False)
+
+
+def open(
+    urlpath,
+    mode="rb",
+    compression=None,
+    encoding="utf8",
+    errors=None,
+    protocol=None,
+    newline=None,
+    expand=None,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """Given a path or paths, return one ``OpenFile`` object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    urlpath: string or list
+        Absolute or relative filepath. Prefix with a protocol like ``s3://``
+        to read from alternative filesystems. Should not include glob
+        character(s).
+    mode: 'rb', 'wt', etc.
+    compression: string or None
+        If given, open file using compression codec. Can either be a compression
+        name (a key in ``fsspec.compression.compr``) or "infer" to guess the
+        compression from the filename suffix.
+    encoding: str
+        For text mode only
+    errors: None or str
+        Passed to TextIOWrapper in text mode
+    protocol: str or None
+        If given, overrides the protocol found in the URL.
+    newline: bytes or None
+        Used for line terminator in text mode. If None, uses system default;
+        if blank, uses no translation.
+    expand: bool or None
+        Whether to regard file paths containing special glob characters as needing
+        expansion (finding the first match) or absolute. Setting False allows using
+        paths which do embed such characters. If None (default), this argument
+        takes its value from the DEFAULT_EXPAND module variable, which takes
+        its initial value from the "open_expand" config value at startup, which will
+        be False if not set.
+    **kwargs: dict
+        Extra options that make sense to a particular storage connection, e.g.
+        host, port, username, password, etc.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> openfile = open('2015-01-01.csv')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> openfile = open(
+    ...     's3://bucket/2015-01-01.csv.gz', compression='gzip'
+    ... )  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> with openfile as f:
+    ...     df = pd.read_csv(f)  # doctest: +SKIP
+    ...
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``OpenFile`` object.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    For a full list of the available protocols and the implementations that
+    they map across to see the latest online documentation:
+
+    - For implementations built into ``fsspec`` see
+      https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#built-in-implementations
+    - For implementations in separate packages see
+      https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#other-known-implementations
+    """
+    expand = DEFAULT_EXPAND if expand is None else expand
+    out = open_files(
+        urlpath=[urlpath],
+        mode=mode,
+        compression=compression,
+        encoding=encoding,
+        errors=errors,
+        protocol=protocol,
+        newline=newline,
+        expand=expand,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
+    if not out:
+        raise FileNotFoundError(urlpath)
+    return out[0]
+
+
+def open_local(
+    url: str | list[str] | Path | list[Path],
+    mode: str = "rb",
+    **storage_options: dict,
+) -> str | list[str]:
+    """Open file(s) which can be resolved to local
+
+    For files which either are local, or get downloaded upon open
+    (e.g., by file caching)
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    url: str or list(str)
+    mode: str
+        Must be read mode
+    storage_options:
+        passed on to FS for or used by open_files (e.g., compression)
+    """
+    if "r" not in mode:
+        raise ValueError("Can only ensure local files when reading")
+    of = open_files(url, mode=mode, **storage_options)
+    if not getattr(of[0].fs, "local_file", False):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "open_local can only be used on a filesystem which"
+            " has attribute local_file=True"
+        )
+    with of as files:
+        paths = [f.name for f in files]
+    if (isinstance(url, str) and not has_magic(url)) or isinstance(url, Path):
+        return paths[0]
+    return paths
+
+
+def get_compression(urlpath, compression):
+    if compression == "infer":
+        compression = infer_compression(urlpath)
+    if compression is not None and compression not in compr:
+        raise ValueError(f"Compression type {compression} not supported")
+    return compression
+
+
+def split_protocol(urlpath):
+    """Return protocol, path pair"""
+    urlpath = stringify_path(urlpath)
+    if "://" in urlpath:
+        protocol, path = urlpath.split("://", 1)
+        if len(protocol) > 1:
+            # excludes Windows paths
+            return protocol, path
+    if urlpath.startswith("data:"):
+        return urlpath.split(":", 1)
+    return None, urlpath
+
+
+def strip_protocol(urlpath):
+    """Return only path part of full URL, according to appropriate backend"""
+    protocol, _ = split_protocol(urlpath)
+    cls = get_filesystem_class(protocol)
+    return cls._strip_protocol(urlpath)
+
+
+def expand_paths_if_needed(paths, mode, num, fs, name_function):
+    """Expand paths if they have a ``*`` in them (write mode) or any of ``*?[]``
+    in them (read mode).
+
+    :param paths: list of paths
+    mode: str
+        Mode in which to open files.
+    num: int
+        If opening in writing mode, number of files we expect to create.
+    fs: filesystem object
+    name_function: callable
+        If opening in writing mode, this callable is used to generate path
+        names. Names are generated for each partition by
+        ``urlpath.replace('*', name_function(partition_index))``.
+    :return: list of paths
+    """
+    expanded_paths = []
+    paths = list(paths)
+
+    if "w" in mode:  # read mode
+        if sum(1 for p in paths if "*" in p) > 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "When writing data, only one filename mask can be specified."
+            )
+        num = max(num, len(paths))
+
+        for curr_path in paths:
+            if "*" in curr_path:
+                # expand using name_function
+                expanded_paths.extend(_expand_paths(curr_path, name_function, num))
+            else:
+                expanded_paths.append(curr_path)
+        # if we generated more paths that asked for, trim the list
+        if len(expanded_paths) > num:
+            expanded_paths = expanded_paths[:num]
+
+    else:  # read mode
+        for curr_path in paths:
+            if has_magic(curr_path):
+                # expand using glob
+                expanded_paths.extend(fs.glob(curr_path))
+            else:
+                expanded_paths.append(curr_path)
+
+    return expanded_paths
+
+
+def get_fs_token_paths(
+    urlpath,
+    mode="rb",
+    num=1,
+    name_function=None,
+    storage_options=None,
+    protocol=None,
+    expand=True,
+):
+    """Filesystem, deterministic token, and paths from a urlpath and options.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    urlpath: string or iterable
+        Absolute or relative filepath, URL (may include protocols like
+        ``s3://``), or globstring pointing to data.
+    mode: str, optional
+        Mode in which to open files.
+    num: int, optional
+        If opening in writing mode, number of files we expect to create.
+    name_function: callable, optional
+        If opening in writing mode, this callable is used to generate path
+        names. Names are generated for each partition by
+        ``urlpath.replace('*', name_function(partition_index))``.
+    storage_options: dict, optional
+        Additional keywords to pass to the filesystem class.
+    protocol: str or None
+        To override the protocol specifier in the URL
+    expand: bool
+        Expand string paths for writing, assuming the path is a directory
+    """
+    if isinstance(urlpath, (list, tuple, set)):
+        if not urlpath:
+            raise ValueError("empty urlpath sequence")
+        urlpath0 = stringify_path(next(iter(urlpath)))
+    else:
+        urlpath0 = stringify_path(urlpath)
+    storage_options = storage_options or {}
+    if protocol:
+        storage_options["protocol"] = protocol
+    chain = _un_chain(urlpath0, storage_options or {})
+    inkwargs = {}
+    # Reverse iterate the chain, creating a nested target_* structure
+    for i, ch in enumerate(reversed(chain)):
+        urls, nested_protocol, kw = ch
+        if i == len(chain) - 1:
+            inkwargs = dict(**kw, **inkwargs)
+            continue
+        inkwargs["target_options"] = dict(**kw, **inkwargs)
+        inkwargs["target_protocol"] = nested_protocol
+        inkwargs["fo"] = urls
+    paths, protocol, _ = chain[0]
+    fs = filesystem(protocol, **inkwargs)
+    if isinstance(urlpath, (list, tuple, set)):
+        pchains = [
+            _un_chain(stringify_path(u), storage_options or {})[0] for u in urlpath
+        ]
+        if len({pc[1] for pc in pchains}) > 1:
+            raise ValueError("Protocol mismatch getting fs from %s", urlpath)
+        paths = [pc[0] for pc in pchains]
+    else:
+        paths = fs._strip_protocol(paths)
+    if isinstance(paths, (list, tuple, set)):
+        if expand:
+            paths = expand_paths_if_needed(paths, mode, num, fs, name_function)
+        elif not isinstance(paths, list):
+            paths = list(paths)
+    else:
+        if ("w" in mode or "x" in mode) and expand:
+            paths = _expand_paths(paths, name_function, num)
+        elif "*" in paths:
+            paths = [f for f in sorted(fs.glob(paths)) if not fs.isdir(f)]
+        else:
+            paths = [paths]
+
+    return fs, fs._fs_token, paths
+
+
+def _expand_paths(path, name_function, num):
+    if isinstance(path, str):
+        if path.count("*") > 1:
+            raise ValueError("Output path spec must contain exactly one '*'.")
+        elif "*" not in path:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "*.part")
+
+        if name_function is None:
+            name_function = build_name_function(num - 1)
+
+        paths = [path.replace("*", name_function(i)) for i in range(num)]
+        if paths != sorted(paths):
+            logger.warning(
+                "In order to preserve order between partitions"
+                " paths created with ``name_function`` should "
+                "sort to partition order"
+            )
+    elif isinstance(path, (tuple, list)):
+        assert len(path) == num
+        paths = list(path)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Path should be either\n"
+            "1. A list of paths: ['foo.json', 'bar.json', ...]\n"
+            "2. A directory: 'foo/\n"
+            "3. A path with a '*' in it: 'foo.*.json'"
+        )
+    return paths
+
+
+class PickleableTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    """TextIOWrapper cannot be pickled. This solves it.
+
+    Requires that ``buffer`` be pickleable, which all instances of
+    AbstractBufferedFile are.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        buffer,
+        encoding=None,
+        errors=None,
+        newline=None,
+        line_buffering=False,
+        write_through=False,
+    ):
+        self.args = buffer, encoding, errors, newline, line_buffering, write_through
+        super().__init__(*self.args)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return PickleableTextIOWrapper, self.args
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/dircache.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/dircache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eca19566b135e5a7a4f6e7407d56411ec58bfe44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/dircache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import time
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+
+class DirCache(MutableMapping):
+    """
+    Caching of directory listings, in a structure like::
+
+        {"path0": [
+            {"name": "path0/file0",
+             "size": 123,
+             "type": "file",
+             ...
+            },
+            {"name": "path0/file1",
+            },
+            ...
+            ],
+         "path1": [...]
+        }
+
+    Parameters to this class control listing expiry or indeed turn
+    caching off
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        use_listings_cache=True,
+        listings_expiry_time=None,
+        max_paths=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        use_listings_cache: bool
+            If False, this cache never returns items, but always reports KeyError,
+            and setting items has no effect
+        listings_expiry_time: int or float (optional)
+            Time in seconds that a listing is considered valid. If None,
+            listings do not expire.
+        max_paths: int (optional)
+            The number of most recent listings that are considered valid; 'recent'
+            refers to when the entry was set.
+        """
+        self._cache = {}
+        self._times = {}
+        if max_paths:
+            self._q = lru_cache(max_paths + 1)(lambda key: self._cache.pop(key, None))
+        self.use_listings_cache = use_listings_cache
+        self.listings_expiry_time = listings_expiry_time
+        self.max_paths = max_paths
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item):
+        if self.listings_expiry_time is not None:
+            if self._times.get(item, 0) - time.time() < -self.listings_expiry_time:
+                del self._cache[item]
+        if self.max_paths:
+            self._q(item)
+        return self._cache[item]  # maybe raises KeyError
+
+    def clear(self):
+        self._cache.clear()
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._cache)
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        try:
+            self[item]
+            return True
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if not self.use_listings_cache:
+            return
+        if self.max_paths:
+            self._q(key)
+        self._cache[key] = value
+        if self.listings_expiry_time is not None:
+            self._times[key] = time.time()
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        del self._cache[key]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        entries = list(self._cache)
+
+        return (k for k in entries if k in self)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (
+            DirCache,
+            (self.use_listings_cache, self.listings_expiry_time, self.max_paths),
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/exceptions.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae8905475f02655f4fc5863931d99ca9da55db78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+"""
+fsspec user-defined exception classes
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+
+
+class BlocksizeMismatchError(ValueError):
+    """
+    Raised when a cached file is opened with a different blocksize than it was
+    written with
+    """
+
+
+class FSTimeoutError(asyncio.TimeoutError):
+    """
+    Raised when a fsspec function timed out occurs
+    """
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/fuse.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/fuse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..566d520fce3e94e3bbaee48c3c6acc9f1db315a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/fuse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+import argparse
+import logging
+import os
+import stat
+import threading
+import time
+from errno import EIO, ENOENT
+
+from fuse import FUSE, FuseOSError, LoggingMixIn, Operations
+
+from fsspec import __version__
+from fsspec.core import url_to_fs
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.fuse")
+
+
+class FUSEr(Operations):
+    def __init__(self, fs, path, ready_file=False):
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.cache = {}
+        self.root = path.rstrip("/") + "/"
+        self.counter = 0
+        logger.info("Starting FUSE at %s", path)
+        self._ready_file = ready_file
+
+    def getattr(self, path, fh=None):
+        logger.debug("getattr %s", path)
+        if self._ready_file and path in ["/.fuse_ready", ".fuse_ready"]:
+            return {"type": "file", "st_size": 5}
+
+        path = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")]).rstrip("/")
+        try:
+            info = self.fs.info(path)
+        except FileNotFoundError as exc:
+            raise FuseOSError(ENOENT) from exc
+
+        data = {"st_uid": info.get("uid", 1000), "st_gid": info.get("gid", 1000)}
+        perm = info.get("mode", 0o777)
+
+        if info["type"] != "file":
+            data["st_mode"] = stat.S_IFDIR | perm
+            data["st_size"] = 0
+            data["st_blksize"] = 0
+        else:
+            data["st_mode"] = stat.S_IFREG | perm
+            data["st_size"] = info["size"]
+            data["st_blksize"] = 5 * 2**20
+            data["st_nlink"] = 1
+        data["st_atime"] = info["atime"] if "atime" in info else time.time()
+        data["st_ctime"] = info["ctime"] if "ctime" in info else time.time()
+        data["st_mtime"] = info["mtime"] if "mtime" in info else time.time()
+        return data
+
+    def readdir(self, path, fh):
+        logger.debug("readdir %s", path)
+        path = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        files = self.fs.ls(path, False)
+        files = [os.path.basename(f.rstrip("/")) for f in files]
+        return [".", ".."] + files
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, mode):
+        path = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        self.fs.mkdir(path)
+        return 0
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        self.fs.rmdir(path)
+        return 0
+
+    def read(self, path, size, offset, fh):
+        logger.debug("read %s", (path, size, offset))
+        if self._ready_file and path in ["/.fuse_ready", ".fuse_ready"]:
+            # status indicator
+            return b"ready"
+
+        f = self.cache[fh]
+        f.seek(offset)
+        out = f.read(size)
+        return out
+
+    def write(self, path, data, offset, fh):
+        logger.debug("write %s", (path, offset))
+        f = self.cache[fh]
+        f.seek(offset)
+        f.write(data)
+        return len(data)
+
+    def create(self, path, flags, fi=None):
+        logger.debug("create %s", (path, flags))
+        fn = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        self.fs.touch(fn)  # OS will want to get attributes immediately
+        f = self.fs.open(fn, "wb")
+        self.cache[self.counter] = f
+        self.counter += 1
+        return self.counter - 1
+
+    def open(self, path, flags):
+        logger.debug("open %s", (path, flags))
+        fn = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        if flags % 2 == 0:
+            # read
+            mode = "rb"
+        else:
+            # write/create
+            mode = "wb"
+        self.cache[self.counter] = self.fs.open(fn, mode)
+        self.counter += 1
+        return self.counter - 1
+
+    def truncate(self, path, length, fh=None):
+        fn = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        if length != 0:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        # maybe should be no-op since open with write sets size to zero anyway
+        self.fs.touch(fn)
+
+    def unlink(self, path):
+        fn = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        try:
+            self.fs.rm(fn, False)
+        except (OSError, FileNotFoundError) as exc:
+            raise FuseOSError(EIO) from exc
+
+    def release(self, path, fh):
+        try:
+            if fh in self.cache:
+                f = self.cache[fh]
+                f.close()
+                self.cache.pop(fh)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(e)
+        return 0
+
+    def chmod(self, path, mode):
+        if hasattr(self.fs, "chmod"):
+            path = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+            return self.fs.chmod(path, mode)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def run(
+    fs,
+    path,
+    mount_point,
+    foreground=True,
+    threads=False,
+    ready_file=False,
+    ops_class=FUSEr,
+):
+    """Mount stuff in a local directory
+
+    This uses fusepy to make it appear as if a given path on an fsspec
+    instance is in fact resident within the local file-system.
+
+    This requires that fusepy by installed, and that FUSE be available on
+    the system (typically requiring a package to be installed with
+    apt, yum, brew, etc.).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fs: file-system instance
+        From one of the compatible implementations
+    path: str
+        Location on that file-system to regard as the root directory to
+        mount. Note that you typically should include the terminating "/"
+        character.
+    mount_point: str
+        An empty directory on the local file-system where the contents of
+        the remote path will appear.
+    foreground: bool
+        Whether or not calling this function will block. Operation will
+        typically be more stable if True.
+    threads: bool
+        Whether or not to create threads when responding to file operations
+        within the mounter directory. Operation will typically be more
+        stable if False.
+    ready_file: bool
+        Whether the FUSE process is ready. The ``.fuse_ready`` file will
+        exist in the ``mount_point`` directory if True. Debugging purpose.
+    ops_class: FUSEr or Subclass of FUSEr
+        To override the default behavior of FUSEr. For Example, logging
+        to file.
+
+    """
+    func = lambda: FUSE(
+        ops_class(fs, path, ready_file=ready_file),
+        mount_point,
+        nothreads=not threads,
+        foreground=foreground,
+    )
+    if not foreground:
+        th = threading.Thread(target=func)
+        th.daemon = True
+        th.start()
+        return th
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        try:
+            func()
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            pass
+
+
+def main(args):
+    """Mount filesystem from chained URL to MOUNT_POINT.
+
+    Examples:
+
+    python3 -m fsspec.fuse memory /usr/share /tmp/mem
+
+    python3 -m fsspec.fuse local /tmp/source /tmp/local \\
+            -l /tmp/fsspecfuse.log
+
+    You can also mount chained-URLs and use special settings:
+
+    python3 -m fsspec.fuse 'filecache::zip::file://data.zip' \\
+            / /tmp/zip \\
+            -o 'filecache-cache_storage=/tmp/simplecache'
+
+    You can specify the type of the setting by using `[int]` or `[bool]`,
+    (`true`, `yes`, `1` represents the Boolean value `True`):
+
+    python3 -m fsspec.fuse 'simplecache::ftp://ftp1.at.proftpd.org' \\
+            /historic/packages/RPMS /tmp/ftp \\
+            -o 'simplecache-cache_storage=/tmp/simplecache' \\
+            -o 'simplecache-check_files=false[bool]' \\
+            -o 'ftp-listings_expiry_time=60[int]' \\
+            -o 'ftp-username=anonymous' \\
+            -o 'ftp-password=xieyanbo'
+    """
+
+    class RawDescriptionArgumentParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
+        def format_help(self):
+            usage = super().format_help()
+            parts = usage.split("\n\n")
+            parts[1] = self.description.rstrip()
+            return "\n\n".join(parts)
+
+    parser = RawDescriptionArgumentParser(prog="fsspec.fuse", description=main.__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("--version", action="version", version=__version__)
+    parser.add_argument("url", type=str, help="fs url")
+    parser.add_argument("source_path", type=str, help="source directory in fs")
+    parser.add_argument("mount_point", type=str, help="local directory")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-o",
+        "--option",
+        action="append",
+        help="Any options of protocol included in the chained URL",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-l", "--log-file", type=str, help="Logging FUSE debug info (Default: '')"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-f",
+        "--foreground",
+        action="store_false",
+        help="Running in foreground or not (Default: False)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-t",
+        "--threads",
+        action="store_false",
+        help="Running with threads support (Default: False)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-r",
+        "--ready-file",
+        action="store_false",
+        help="The `.fuse_ready` file will exist after FUSE is ready. "
+        "(Debugging purpose, Default: False)",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    kwargs = {}
+    for item in args.option or []:
+        key, sep, value = item.partition("=")
+        if not sep:
+            parser.error(message=f"Wrong option: {item!r}")
+        val = value.lower()
+        if val.endswith("[int]"):
+            value = int(value[: -len("[int]")])
+        elif val.endswith("[bool]"):
+            value = val[: -len("[bool]")] in ["1", "yes", "true"]
+
+        if "-" in key:
+            fs_name, setting_name = key.split("-", 1)
+            if fs_name in kwargs:
+                kwargs[fs_name][setting_name] = value
+            else:
+                kwargs[fs_name] = {setting_name: value}
+        else:
+            kwargs[key] = value
+
+    if args.log_file:
+        logging.basicConfig(
+            level=logging.DEBUG,
+            filename=args.log_file,
+            format="%(asctime)s %(message)s",
+        )
+
+        class LoggingFUSEr(FUSEr, LoggingMixIn):
+            pass
+
+        fuser = LoggingFUSEr
+    else:
+        fuser = FUSEr
+
+    fs, url_path = url_to_fs(args.url, **kwargs)
+    logger.debug("Mounting %s to %s", url_path, str(args.mount_point))
+    run(
+        fs,
+        args.source_path,
+        args.mount_point,
+        foreground=args.foreground,
+        threads=args.threads,
+        ready_file=args.ready_file,
+        ops_class=fuser,
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import sys
+
+    main(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/generic.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/generic.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a641b0e2bcf70729a44064319eecb3647450379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/generic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import uuid
+
+from .asyn import AsyncFileSystem, _run_coros_in_chunks, sync_wrapper
+from .callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from .core import filesystem, get_filesystem_class, split_protocol, url_to_fs
+
+_generic_fs = {}
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.generic")
+
+
+def set_generic_fs(protocol, **storage_options):
+    """Populate the dict used for method=="generic" lookups"""
+    _generic_fs[protocol] = filesystem(protocol, **storage_options)
+
+
+def _resolve_fs(url, method, protocol=None, storage_options=None):
+    """Pick instance of backend FS"""
+    url = url[0] if isinstance(url, (list, tuple)) else url
+    protocol = protocol or split_protocol(url)[0]
+    storage_options = storage_options or {}
+    if method == "default":
+        return filesystem(protocol)
+    if method == "generic":
+        return _generic_fs[protocol]
+    if method == "current":
+        cls = get_filesystem_class(protocol)
+        return cls.current()
+    if method == "options":
+        fs, _ = url_to_fs(url, **storage_options.get(protocol, {}))
+        return fs
+    raise ValueError(f"Unknown FS resolution method: {method}")
+
+
+def rsync(
+    source,
+    destination,
+    delete_missing=False,
+    source_field="size",
+    dest_field="size",
+    update_cond="different",
+    inst_kwargs=None,
+    fs=None,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """Sync files between two directory trees
+
+    (experimental)
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    source: str
+        Root of the directory tree to take files from. This must be a directory, but
+        do not include any terminating "/" character
+    destination: str
+        Root path to copy into. The contents of this location should be
+        identical to the contents of ``source`` when done. This will be made a
+        directory, and the terminal "/" should not be included.
+    delete_missing: bool
+        If there are paths in the destination that don't exist in the
+        source and this is True, delete them. Otherwise, leave them alone.
+    source_field: str | callable
+        If ``update_field`` is "different", this is the key in the info
+        of source files to consider for difference. Maybe a function of the
+        info dict.
+    dest_field: str | callable
+        If ``update_field`` is "different", this is the key in the info
+        of destination files to consider for difference. May be a function of
+        the info dict.
+    update_cond: "different"|"always"|"never"
+        If "always", every file is copied, regardless of whether it exists in
+        the destination. If "never", files that exist in the destination are
+        not copied again. If "different" (default), only copy if the info
+        fields given by ``source_field`` and ``dest_field`` (usually "size")
+        are different. Other comparisons may be added in the future.
+    inst_kwargs: dict|None
+        If ``fs`` is None, use this set of keyword arguments to make a
+        GenericFileSystem instance
+    fs: GenericFileSystem|None
+        Instance to use if explicitly given. The instance defines how to
+        to make downstream file system instances from paths.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict of the copy operations that were performed, {source: destination}
+    """
+    fs = fs or GenericFileSystem(**(inst_kwargs or {}))
+    source = fs._strip_protocol(source)
+    destination = fs._strip_protocol(destination)
+    allfiles = fs.find(source, withdirs=True, detail=True)
+    if not fs.isdir(source):
+        raise ValueError("Can only rsync on a directory")
+    otherfiles = fs.find(destination, withdirs=True, detail=True)
+    dirs = [
+        a
+        for a, v in allfiles.items()
+        if v["type"] == "directory" and a.replace(source, destination) not in otherfiles
+    ]
+    logger.debug(f"{len(dirs)} directories to create")
+    if dirs:
+        fs.make_many_dirs(
+            [dirn.replace(source, destination) for dirn in dirs], exist_ok=True
+        )
+    allfiles = {a: v for a, v in allfiles.items() if v["type"] == "file"}
+    logger.debug(f"{len(allfiles)} files to consider for copy")
+    to_delete = [
+        o
+        for o, v in otherfiles.items()
+        if o.replace(destination, source) not in allfiles and v["type"] == "file"
+    ]
+    for k, v in allfiles.copy().items():
+        otherfile = k.replace(source, destination)
+        if otherfile in otherfiles:
+            if update_cond == "always":
+                allfiles[k] = otherfile
+            elif update_cond == "never":
+                allfiles.pop(k)
+            elif update_cond == "different":
+                inf1 = source_field(v) if callable(source_field) else v[source_field]
+                v2 = otherfiles[otherfile]
+                inf2 = dest_field(v2) if callable(dest_field) else v2[dest_field]
+                if inf1 != inf2:
+                    # details mismatch, make copy
+                    allfiles[k] = otherfile
+                else:
+                    # details match, don't copy
+                    allfiles.pop(k)
+        else:
+            # file not in target yet
+            allfiles[k] = otherfile
+    logger.debug(f"{len(allfiles)} files to copy")
+    if allfiles:
+        source_files, target_files = zip(*allfiles.items())
+        fs.cp(source_files, target_files, **kwargs)
+    logger.debug(f"{len(to_delete)} files to delete")
+    if delete_missing and to_delete:
+        fs.rm(to_delete)
+    return allfiles
+
+
+class GenericFileSystem(AsyncFileSystem):
+    """Wrapper over all other FS types
+
+    <experimental!>
+
+    This implementation is a single unified interface to be able to run FS operations
+    over generic URLs, and dispatch to the specific implementations using the URL
+    protocol prefix.
+
+    Note: instances of this FS are always async, even if you never use it with any async
+    backend.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "generic"  # there is no real reason to ever use a protocol with this FS
+
+    def __init__(self, default_method="default", storage_options=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        default_method: str (optional)
+            Defines how to configure backend FS instances. Options are:
+            - "default": instantiate like FSClass(), with no
+              extra arguments; this is the default instance of that FS, and can be
+              configured via the config system
+            - "generic": takes instances from the `_generic_fs` dict in this module,
+              which you must populate before use. Keys are by protocol
+            - "options": expects storage_options, a dict mapping protocol to
+              kwargs to use when constructing the filesystem
+            - "current": takes the most recently instantiated version of each FS
+        """
+        self.method = default_method
+        self.st_opts = storage_options
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def _parent(self, path):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        return fs.unstrip_protocol(fs._parent(path))
+
+    def _strip_protocol(self, path):
+        # normalization only
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        return fs.unstrip_protocol(fs._strip_protocol(path))
+
+    async def _find(self, path, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            out = await fs._find(
+                path, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=withdirs, detail=True, **kwargs
+            )
+        else:
+            out = fs.find(
+                path, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=withdirs, detail=True, **kwargs
+            )
+        result = {}
+        for k, v in out.items():
+            v = v.copy()  # don't corrupt target FS dircache
+            name = fs.unstrip_protocol(k)
+            v["name"] = name
+            result[name] = v
+        if detail:
+            return result
+        return list(result)
+
+    async def _info(self, url, **kwargs):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(url, self.method)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            out = await fs._info(url, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            out = fs.info(url, **kwargs)
+        out = out.copy()  # don't edit originals
+        out["name"] = fs.unstrip_protocol(out["name"])
+        return out
+
+    async def _ls(
+        self,
+        url,
+        detail=True,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(url, self.method)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            out = await fs._ls(url, detail=True, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            out = fs.ls(url, detail=True, **kwargs)
+        out = [o.copy() for o in out]  # don't edit originals
+        for o in out:
+            o["name"] = fs.unstrip_protocol(o["name"])
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return [o["name"] for o in out]
+
+    async def _cat_file(
+        self,
+        url,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(url, self.method)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            return await fs._cat_file(url, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return fs.cat_file(url, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _pipe_file(
+        self,
+        path,
+        value,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            return await fs._pipe_file(path, value, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return fs.pipe_file(path, value, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _rm(self, url, **kwargs):
+        urls = url
+        if isinstance(urls, str):
+            urls = [urls]
+        fs = _resolve_fs(urls[0], self.method)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            await fs._rm(urls, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            fs.rm(url, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        logger.debug("Make dir %s", path)
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            await fs._makedirs(path, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+        else:
+            fs.makedirs(path, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+
+    def rsync(self, source, destination, **kwargs):
+        """Sync files between two directory trees
+
+        See `func:rsync` for more details.
+        """
+        rsync(source, destination, fs=self, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _cp_file(
+        self,
+        url,
+        url2,
+        blocksize=2**20,
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        tempdir: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(url, self.method)
+        fs2 = _resolve_fs(url2, self.method)
+        if fs is fs2:
+            # pure remote
+            if fs.async_impl:
+                return await fs._copy(url, url2, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                return fs.copy(url, url2, **kwargs)
+        await copy_file_op(fs, [url], fs2, [url2], tempdir, 1, on_error="raise")
+
+    async def _make_many_dirs(self, urls, exist_ok=True):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(urls[0], self.method)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            coros = [fs._makedirs(u, exist_ok=exist_ok) for u in urls]
+            await _run_coros_in_chunks(coros)
+        else:
+            for u in urls:
+                fs.makedirs(u, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+
+    make_many_dirs = sync_wrapper(_make_many_dirs)
+
+    async def _copy(
+        self,
+        path1: list[str],
+        path2: list[str],
+        recursive: bool = False,
+        on_error: str = "ignore",
+        maxdepth: int | None = None,
+        batch_size: int | None = None,
+        tempdir: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        # TODO: special case for one FS being local, which can use get/put
+        # TODO: special case for one being memFS, which can use cat/pipe
+        if recursive:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Please use fsspec.generic.rsync")
+        path1 = [path1] if isinstance(path1, str) else path1
+        path2 = [path2] if isinstance(path2, str) else path2
+
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path1, self.method)
+        fs2 = _resolve_fs(path2, self.method)
+
+        if fs is fs2:
+            if fs.async_impl:
+                return await fs._copy(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                return fs.copy(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+        await copy_file_op(
+            fs, path1, fs2, path2, tempdir, batch_size, on_error=on_error
+        )
+
+
+async def copy_file_op(
+    fs1, url1, fs2, url2, tempdir=None, batch_size=20, on_error="ignore"
+):
+    import tempfile
+
+    tempdir = tempdir or tempfile.mkdtemp()
+    try:
+        coros = [
+            _copy_file_op(
+                fs1,
+                u1,
+                fs2,
+                u2,
+                os.path.join(tempdir, uuid.uuid4().hex),
+            )
+            for u1, u2 in zip(url1, url2)
+        ]
+        out = await _run_coros_in_chunks(
+            coros, batch_size=batch_size, return_exceptions=True
+        )
+    finally:
+        shutil.rmtree(tempdir)
+    if on_error == "return":
+        return out
+    elif on_error == "raise":
+        for o in out:
+            if isinstance(o, Exception):
+                raise o
+
+
+async def _copy_file_op(fs1, url1, fs2, url2, local, on_error="ignore"):
+    if fs1.async_impl:
+        await fs1._get_file(url1, local)
+    else:
+        fs1.get_file(url1, local)
+    if fs2.async_impl:
+        await fs2._put_file(local, url2)
+    else:
+        fs2.put_file(local, url2)
+    os.unlink(local)
+    logger.debug("Copy %s -> %s; done", url1, url2)
+
+
+async def maybe_await(cor):
+    if inspect.iscoroutine(cor):
+        return await cor
+    else:
+        return cor
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/gui.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/gui.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d914c8beb6cabb2c2700eb8eee31028559be2bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/gui.py
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+import ast
+import contextlib
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import ClassVar
+
+import panel as pn
+
+from .core import OpenFile, get_filesystem_class, split_protocol
+from .registry import known_implementations
+
+pn.extension()
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.gui")
+
+
+class SigSlot:
+    """Signal-slot mixin, for Panel event passing
+
+    Include this class in a widget manager's superclasses to be able to
+    register events and callbacks on Panel widgets managed by that class.
+
+    The method ``_register`` should be called as widgets are added, and external
+    code should call ``connect`` to associate callbacks.
+
+    By default, all signals emit a DEBUG logging statement.
+    """
+
+    # names of signals that this class may emit each of which must be
+    # set by _register for any new instance
+    signals: ClassVar[Sequence[str]] = []
+    # names of actions that this class may respond to
+    slots: ClassVar[Sequence[str]] = []
+
+    # each of which must be a method name
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._ignoring_events = False
+        self._sigs = {}
+        self._map = {}
+        self._setup()
+
+    def _setup(self):
+        """Create GUI elements and register signals"""
+        self.panel = pn.pane.PaneBase()
+        # no signals to set up in the base class
+
+    def _register(
+        self, widget, name, thing="value", log_level=logging.DEBUG, auto=False
+    ):
+        """Watch the given attribute of a widget and assign it a named event
+
+        This is normally called at the time a widget is instantiated, in the
+        class which owns it.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        widget : pn.layout.Panel or None
+            Widget to watch. If None, an anonymous signal not associated with
+            any widget.
+        name : str
+            Name of this event
+        thing : str
+            Attribute of the given widget to watch
+        log_level : int
+            When the signal is triggered, a logging event of the given level
+            will be fired in the dfviz logger.
+        auto : bool
+            If True, automatically connects with a method in this class of the
+            same name.
+        """
+        if name not in self.signals:
+            raise ValueError(f"Attempt to assign an undeclared signal: {name}")
+        self._sigs[name] = {
+            "widget": widget,
+            "callbacks": [],
+            "thing": thing,
+            "log": log_level,
+        }
+        wn = "-".join(
+            [
+                getattr(widget, "name", str(widget)) if widget is not None else "none",
+                thing,
+            ]
+        )
+        self._map[wn] = name
+        if widget is not None:
+            widget.param.watch(self._signal, thing, onlychanged=True)
+        if auto and hasattr(self, name):
+            self.connect(name, getattr(self, name))
+
+    def _repr_mimebundle_(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Display in a notebook or a server"""
+        try:
+            return self.panel._repr_mimebundle_(*args, **kwargs)
+        except (ValueError, AttributeError) as exc:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "Panel does not seem to be set up properly"
+            ) from exc
+
+    def connect(self, signal, slot):
+        """Associate call back with given event
+
+        The callback must be a function which takes the "new" value of the
+        watched attribute as the only parameter. If the callback return False,
+        this cancels any further processing of the given event.
+
+        Alternatively, the callback can be a string, in which case it means
+        emitting the correspondingly-named event (i.e., connect to self)
+        """
+        self._sigs[signal]["callbacks"].append(slot)
+
+    def _signal(self, event):
+        """This is called by a an action on a widget
+
+        Within an self.ignore_events context, nothing happens.
+
+        Tests can execute this method by directly changing the values of
+        widget components.
+        """
+        if not self._ignoring_events:
+            wn = "-".join([event.obj.name, event.name])
+            if wn in self._map and self._map[wn] in self._sigs:
+                self._emit(self._map[wn], event.new)
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def ignore_events(self):
+        """Temporarily turn off events processing in this instance
+
+        (does not propagate to children)
+        """
+        self._ignoring_events = True
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self._ignoring_events = False
+
+    def _emit(self, sig, value=None):
+        """An event happened, call its callbacks
+
+        This method can be used in tests to simulate message passing without
+        directly changing visual elements.
+
+        Calling of callbacks will halt whenever one returns False.
+        """
+        logger.log(self._sigs[sig]["log"], f"{sig}: {value}")
+        for callback in self._sigs[sig]["callbacks"]:
+            if isinstance(callback, str):
+                self._emit(callback)
+            else:
+                try:
+                    # running callbacks should not break the interface
+                    ret = callback(value)
+                    if ret is False:
+                        break
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.exception(
+                        "Exception (%s) while executing callback for signal: %s",
+                        e,
+                        sig,
+                    )
+
+    def show(self, threads=False):
+        """Open a new browser tab and display this instance's interface"""
+        self.panel.show(threads=threads, verbose=False)
+        return self
+
+
+class SingleSelect(SigSlot):
+    """A multiselect which only allows you to select one item for an event"""
+
+    signals = ["_selected", "selected"]  # the first is internal
+    slots = ["set_options", "set_selection", "add", "clear", "select"]
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def _setup(self):
+        self.panel = pn.widgets.MultiSelect(**self.kwargs)
+        self._register(self.panel, "_selected", "value")
+        self._register(None, "selected")
+        self.connect("_selected", self.select_one)
+
+    def _signal(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super()._signal(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def select_one(self, *_):
+        with self.ignore_events():
+            val = [self.panel.value[-1]] if self.panel.value else []
+            self.panel.value = val
+        self._emit("selected", self.panel.value)
+
+    def set_options(self, options):
+        self.panel.options = options
+
+    def clear(self):
+        self.panel.options = []
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return self.panel.value
+
+    def set_selection(self, selection):
+        self.panel.value = [selection]
+
+
+class FileSelector(SigSlot):
+    """Panel-based graphical file selector widget
+
+    Instances of this widget are interactive and can be displayed in jupyter by having
+    them as the output of a cell,  or in a separate browser tab using ``.show()``.
+    """
+
+    signals = [
+        "protocol_changed",
+        "selection_changed",
+        "directory_entered",
+        "home_clicked",
+        "up_clicked",
+        "go_clicked",
+        "filters_changed",
+    ]
+    slots = ["set_filters", "go_home"]
+
+    def __init__(self, url=None, filters=None, ignore=None, kwargs=None):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        url : str (optional)
+            Initial value of the URL to populate the dialog; should include protocol
+        filters : list(str) (optional)
+            File endings to include in the listings. If not included, all files are
+            allowed. Does not affect directories.
+            If given, the endings will appear as checkboxes in the interface
+        ignore : list(str) (optional)
+            Regex(s) of file basename patterns to ignore, e.g., "\\." for typical
+            hidden files on posix
+        kwargs : dict (optional)
+            To pass to file system instance
+        """
+        if url:
+            self.init_protocol, url = split_protocol(url)
+        else:
+            self.init_protocol, url = "file", os.getcwd()
+        self.init_url = url
+        self.init_kwargs = (kwargs if isinstance(kwargs, str) else str(kwargs)) or "{}"
+        self.filters = filters
+        self.ignore = [re.compile(i) for i in ignore or []]
+        self._fs = None
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def _setup(self):
+        self.url = pn.widgets.TextInput(
+            name="url",
+            value=self.init_url,
+            align="end",
+            sizing_mode="stretch_width",
+            width_policy="max",
+        )
+        self.protocol = pn.widgets.Select(
+            options=sorted(known_implementations),
+            value=self.init_protocol,
+            name="protocol",
+            align="center",
+        )
+        self.kwargs = pn.widgets.TextInput(
+            name="kwargs", value=self.init_kwargs, align="center"
+        )
+        self.go = pn.widgets.Button(name="⇨", align="end", width=45)
+        self.main = SingleSelect(size=10)
+        self.home = pn.widgets.Button(name="🏠", width=40, height=30, align="end")
+        self.up = pn.widgets.Button(name="‹", width=30, height=30, align="end")
+
+        self._register(self.protocol, "protocol_changed", auto=True)
+        self._register(self.go, "go_clicked", "clicks", auto=True)
+        self._register(self.up, "up_clicked", "clicks", auto=True)
+        self._register(self.home, "home_clicked", "clicks", auto=True)
+        self._register(None, "selection_changed")
+        self.main.connect("selected", self.selection_changed)
+        self._register(None, "directory_entered")
+        self.prev_protocol = self.protocol.value
+        self.prev_kwargs = self.storage_options
+
+        self.filter_sel = pn.widgets.CheckBoxGroup(
+            value=[], options=[], inline=False, align="end", width_policy="min"
+        )
+        self._register(self.filter_sel, "filters_changed", auto=True)
+
+        self.panel = pn.Column(
+            pn.Row(self.protocol, self.kwargs),
+            pn.Row(self.home, self.up, self.url, self.go, self.filter_sel),
+            self.main.panel,
+        )
+        self.set_filters(self.filters)
+        self.go_clicked()
+
+    def set_filters(self, filters=None):
+        self.filters = filters
+        if filters:
+            self.filter_sel.options = filters
+            self.filter_sel.value = filters
+        else:
+            self.filter_sel.options = []
+            self.filter_sel.value = []
+
+    @property
+    def storage_options(self):
+        """Value of the kwargs box as a dictionary"""
+        return ast.literal_eval(self.kwargs.value) or {}
+
+    @property
+    def fs(self):
+        """Current filesystem instance"""
+        if self._fs is None:
+            cls = get_filesystem_class(self.protocol.value)
+            self._fs = cls(**self.storage_options)
+        return self._fs
+
+    @property
+    def urlpath(self):
+        """URL of currently selected item"""
+        return (
+            (f"{self.protocol.value}://{self.main.value[0]}")
+            if self.main.value
+            else None
+        )
+
+    def open_file(self, mode="rb", compression=None, encoding=None):
+        """Create OpenFile instance for the currently selected item
+
+        For example, in a notebook you might do something like
+
+        .. code-block::
+
+            [ ]: sel = FileSelector(); sel
+
+            # user selects their file
+
+            [ ]: with sel.open_file('rb') as f:
+            ...      out = f.read()
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        mode: str (optional)
+            Open mode for the file.
+        compression: str (optional)
+            The interact with the file as compressed. Set to 'infer' to guess
+            compression from the file ending
+        encoding: str (optional)
+            If using text mode, use this encoding; defaults to UTF8.
+        """
+        if self.urlpath is None:
+            raise ValueError("No file selected")
+        return OpenFile(self.fs, self.urlpath, mode, compression, encoding)
+
+    def filters_changed(self, values):
+        self.filters = values
+        self.go_clicked()
+
+    def selection_changed(self, *_):
+        if self.urlpath is None:
+            return
+        if self.fs.isdir(self.urlpath):
+            self.url.value = self.fs._strip_protocol(self.urlpath)
+        self.go_clicked()
+
+    def go_clicked(self, *_):
+        if (
+            self.prev_protocol != self.protocol.value
+            or self.prev_kwargs != self.storage_options
+        ):
+            self._fs = None  # causes fs to be recreated
+            self.prev_protocol = self.protocol.value
+            self.prev_kwargs = self.storage_options
+        listing = sorted(
+            self.fs.ls(self.url.value, detail=True), key=lambda x: x["name"]
+        )
+        listing = [
+            l
+            for l in listing
+            if not any(i.match(l["name"].rsplit("/", 1)[-1]) for i in self.ignore)
+        ]
+        folders = {
+            "📁 " + o["name"].rsplit("/", 1)[-1]: o["name"]
+            for o in listing
+            if o["type"] == "directory"
+        }
+        files = {
+            "📄 " + o["name"].rsplit("/", 1)[-1]: o["name"]
+            for o in listing
+            if o["type"] == "file"
+        }
+        if self.filters:
+            files = {
+                k: v
+                for k, v in files.items()
+                if any(v.endswith(ext) for ext in self.filters)
+            }
+        self.main.set_options(dict(**folders, **files))
+
+    def protocol_changed(self, *_):
+        self._fs = None
+        self.main.options = []
+        self.url.value = ""
+
+    def home_clicked(self, *_):
+        self.protocol.value = self.init_protocol
+        self.kwargs.value = self.init_kwargs
+        self.url.value = self.init_url
+        self.go_clicked()
+
+    def up_clicked(self, *_):
+        self.url.value = self.fs._parent(self.url.value)
+        self.go_clicked()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/arrow.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/arrow.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..227d50930763f56bc8c01556249eb1306347350b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/arrow.py
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+import errno
+import io
+import os
+import secrets
+import shutil
+from contextlib import suppress
+from functools import cached_property, wraps
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs
+
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import (
+    get_package_version_without_import,
+    infer_storage_options,
+    mirror_from,
+    tokenize,
+)
+
+
+def wrap_exceptions(func):
+    @wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except OSError as exception:
+            if not exception.args:
+                raise
+
+            message, *args = exception.args
+            if isinstance(message, str) and "does not exist" in message:
+                raise FileNotFoundError(errno.ENOENT, message) from exception
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+PYARROW_VERSION = None
+
+
+class ArrowFSWrapper(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """FSSpec-compatible wrapper of pyarrow.fs.FileSystem.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fs : pyarrow.fs.FileSystem
+
+    """
+
+    root_marker = "/"
+
+    def __init__(self, fs, **kwargs):
+        global PYARROW_VERSION
+        PYARROW_VERSION = get_package_version_without_import("pyarrow")
+        self.fs = fs
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def protocol(self):
+        return self.fs.type_name
+
+    @cached_property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return "hdfs_" + tokenize(self.fs.host, self.fs.port)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        ops = infer_storage_options(path)
+        path = ops["path"]
+        if path.startswith("//"):
+            # special case for "hdfs://path" (without the triple slash)
+            path = path[1:]
+        return path
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        from pyarrow.fs import FileSelector
+
+        try:
+            entries = [
+                self._make_entry(entry)
+                for entry in self.fs.get_file_info(FileSelector(path))
+            ]
+        except (FileNotFoundError, NotADirectoryError):
+            entries = [self.info(path, **kwargs)]
+        if detail:
+            return entries
+        else:
+            return [entry["name"] for entry in entries]
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        [info] = self.fs.get_file_info([path])
+        return self._make_entry(info)
+
+    def exists(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        try:
+            self.info(path)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def _make_entry(self, info):
+        from pyarrow.fs import FileType
+
+        if info.type is FileType.Directory:
+            kind = "directory"
+        elif info.type is FileType.File:
+            kind = "file"
+        elif info.type is FileType.NotFound:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(errno.ENOENT, os.strerror(errno.ENOENT), info.path)
+        else:
+            kind = "other"
+
+        return {
+            "name": info.path,
+            "size": info.size,
+            "type": kind,
+            "mtime": info.mtime,
+        }
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1).rstrip("/")
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2).rstrip("/")
+
+        with self._open(path1, "rb") as lstream:
+            tmp_fname = f"{path2}.tmp.{secrets.token_hex(6)}"
+            try:
+                with self.open(tmp_fname, "wb") as rstream:
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(lstream, rstream)
+                self.fs.move(tmp_fname, path2)
+            except BaseException:
+                with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+                    self.fs.delete_file(tmp_fname)
+                raise
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1).rstrip("/")
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2).rstrip("/")
+        self.fs.move(path1, path2)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def rm_file(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.fs.delete_file(path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path).rstrip("/")
+        if self.isdir(path):
+            if recursive:
+                self.fs.delete_dir(path)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Can't delete directories without recursive=False")
+        else:
+            self.fs.delete_file(path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, seekable=True, **kwargs):
+        if mode == "rb":
+            if seekable:
+                method = self.fs.open_input_file
+            else:
+                method = self.fs.open_input_stream
+        elif mode == "wb":
+            method = self.fs.open_output_stream
+        elif mode == "ab":
+            method = self.fs.open_append_stream
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported mode for Arrow filesystem: {mode!r}")
+
+        _kwargs = {}
+        if mode != "rb" or not seekable:
+            if int(PYARROW_VERSION.split(".")[0]) >= 4:
+                # disable compression auto-detection
+                _kwargs["compression"] = None
+        stream = method(path, **_kwargs)
+
+        return ArrowFile(self, stream, path, mode, block_size, **kwargs)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if create_parents:
+            self.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
+        else:
+            self.fs.create_dir(path, recursive=False)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.fs.create_dir(path, recursive=True)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.fs.delete_dir(path)
+
+    @wrap_exceptions
+    def modified(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        return self.fs.get_file_info(path).mtime
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault("seekable", start not in [None, 0])
+        return super().cat_file(path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault("seekable", False)
+        super().get_file(rpath, lpath, **kwargs)
+
+
+@mirror_from(
+    "stream",
+    [
+        "read",
+        "seek",
+        "tell",
+        "write",
+        "readable",
+        "writable",
+        "close",
+        "seekable",
+    ],
+)
+class ArrowFile(io.IOBase):
+    def __init__(self, fs, stream, path, mode, block_size=None, **kwargs):
+        self.path = path
+        self.mode = mode
+
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.stream = stream
+
+        self.blocksize = self.block_size = block_size
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def size(self):
+        if self.stream.seekable():
+            return self.stream.size()
+        return None
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        return self.close()
+
+
+class HadoopFileSystem(ArrowFSWrapper):
+    """A wrapper on top of the pyarrow.fs.HadoopFileSystem
+    to connect it's interface with fsspec"""
+
+    protocol = "hdfs"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host="default",
+        port=0,
+        user=None,
+        kerb_ticket=None,
+        replication=3,
+        extra_conf=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        host: str
+            Hostname, IP or "default" to try to read from Hadoop config
+        port: int
+            Port to connect on, or default from Hadoop config if 0
+        user: str or None
+            If given, connect as this username
+        kerb_ticket: str or None
+            If given, use this ticket for authentication
+        replication: int
+            set replication factor of file for write operations. default value is 3.
+        extra_conf: None or dict
+            Passed on to HadoopFileSystem
+        """
+        from pyarrow.fs import HadoopFileSystem
+
+        fs = HadoopFileSystem(
+            host=host,
+            port=port,
+            user=user,
+            kerb_ticket=kerb_ticket,
+            replication=replication,
+            extra_conf=extra_conf,
+        )
+        super().__init__(fs=fs, **kwargs)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        ops = infer_storage_options(path)
+        out = {}
+        if ops.get("host", None):
+            out["host"] = ops["host"]
+        if ops.get("username", None):
+            out["user"] = ops["username"]
+        if ops.get("port", None):
+            out["port"] = ops["port"]
+        if ops.get("url_query", None):
+            queries = parse_qs(ops["url_query"])
+            if queries.get("replication", None):
+                out["replication"] = int(queries["replication"][0])
+        return out
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/asyn_wrapper.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/asyn_wrapper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91db5eb48d00e36b46d9deb49504a7d2ad76d690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/asyn_wrapper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import asyncio
+import functools
+import inspect
+
+import fsspec
+from fsspec.asyn import AsyncFileSystem, running_async
+
+from .chained import ChainedFileSystem
+
+
+def async_wrapper(func, obj=None, semaphore=None):
+    """
+    Wraps a synchronous function to make it awaitable.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    func : callable
+        The synchronous function to wrap.
+    obj : object, optional
+        The instance to bind the function to, if applicable.
+    semaphore : asyncio.Semaphore, optional
+        A semaphore to limit concurrent calls.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    coroutine
+        An awaitable version of the function.
+    """
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    async def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        if semaphore:
+            async with semaphore:
+                return await asyncio.to_thread(func, *args, **kwargs)
+        return await asyncio.to_thread(func, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class AsyncFileSystemWrapper(AsyncFileSystem, ChainedFileSystem):
+    """
+    A wrapper class to convert a synchronous filesystem into an asynchronous one.
+
+    This class takes an existing synchronous filesystem implementation and wraps all
+    its methods to provide an asynchronous interface.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    sync_fs : AbstractFileSystem
+        The synchronous filesystem instance to wrap.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "asyncwrapper", "async_wrapper"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs=None,
+        asynchronous=None,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        semaphore=None,
+        max_concurrent_tasks=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if asynchronous is None:
+            asynchronous = running_async()
+        super().__init__(asynchronous=asynchronous, **kwargs)
+        if fs is not None:
+            self.sync_fs = fs
+        else:
+            self.sync_fs = fsspec.filesystem(target_protocol, **target_options)
+        self.protocol = self.sync_fs.protocol
+        self.semaphore = semaphore
+        self._wrap_all_sync_methods()
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return f"async_{self.sync_fs.fsid}"
+
+    def _wrap_all_sync_methods(self):
+        """
+        Wrap all synchronous methods of the underlying filesystem with asynchronous versions.
+        """
+        excluded_methods = {"open"}
+        for method_name in dir(self.sync_fs):
+            if method_name.startswith("_") or method_name in excluded_methods:
+                continue
+
+            attr = inspect.getattr_static(self.sync_fs, method_name)
+            if isinstance(attr, property):
+                continue
+
+            method = getattr(self.sync_fs, method_name)
+            if callable(method) and not inspect.iscoroutinefunction(method):
+                async_method = async_wrapper(method, obj=self, semaphore=self.semaphore)
+                setattr(self, f"_{method_name}", async_method)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def wrap_class(cls, sync_fs_class):
+        """
+        Create a new class that can be used to instantiate an AsyncFileSystemWrapper
+        with lazy instantiation of the underlying synchronous filesystem.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        sync_fs_class : type
+            The class of the synchronous filesystem to wrap.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        type
+            A new class that wraps the provided synchronous filesystem class.
+        """
+
+        class GeneratedAsyncFileSystemWrapper(cls):
+            def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                sync_fs = sync_fs_class(*args, **kwargs)
+                super().__init__(sync_fs)
+
+        GeneratedAsyncFileSystemWrapper.__name__ = (
+            f"Async{sync_fs_class.__name__}Wrapper"
+        )
+        return GeneratedAsyncFileSystemWrapper
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_mapper.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_mapper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e7c7d88afdddf12f77b26bb635bd8bf1e2bd7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_mapper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import hashlib
+
+from fsspec.implementations.local import make_path_posix
+
+
+class AbstractCacheMapper(abc.ABC):
+    """Abstract super-class for mappers from remote URLs to local cached
+    basenames.
+    """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __call__(self, path: str) -> str: ...
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        # Identity only depends on class. When derived classes have attributes
+        # they will need to be included.
+        return isinstance(other, type(self))
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        # Identity only depends on class. When derived classes have attributes
+        # they will need to be included.
+        return hash(type(self))
+
+
+class BasenameCacheMapper(AbstractCacheMapper):
+    """Cache mapper that uses the basename of the remote URL and a fixed number
+    of directory levels above this.
+
+    The default is zero directory levels, meaning different paths with the same
+    basename will have the same cached basename.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, directory_levels: int = 0):
+        if directory_levels < 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "BasenameCacheMapper requires zero or positive directory_levels"
+            )
+        self.directory_levels = directory_levels
+
+        # Separator for directories when encoded as strings.
+        self._separator = "_@_"
+
+    def __call__(self, path: str) -> str:
+        path = make_path_posix(path)
+        prefix, *bits = path.rsplit("/", self.directory_levels + 1)
+        if bits:
+            return self._separator.join(bits)
+        else:
+            return prefix  # No separator found, simple filename
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return super().__eq__(other) and self.directory_levels == other.directory_levels
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return super().__hash__() ^ hash(self.directory_levels)
+
+
+class HashCacheMapper(AbstractCacheMapper):
+    """Cache mapper that uses a hash of the remote URL."""
+
+    def __call__(self, path: str) -> str:
+        return hashlib.sha256(path.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+
+def create_cache_mapper(same_names: bool) -> AbstractCacheMapper:
+    """Factory method to create cache mapper for backward compatibility with
+    ``CachingFileSystem`` constructor using ``same_names`` kwarg.
+    """
+    if same_names:
+        return BasenameCacheMapper()
+    else:
+        return HashCacheMapper()
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_metadata.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a48231cac9f984f3e41bc9f81a113ae28a1f5dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cache_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from fsspec.utils import atomic_write
+
+try:
+    import ujson as json
+except ImportError:
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        import json
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+    from typing import Any, Literal, TypeAlias
+
+    from .cached import CachingFileSystem
+
+    Detail: TypeAlias = dict[str, Any]
+
+
+class CacheMetadata:
+    """Cache metadata.
+
+    All reading and writing of cache metadata is performed by this class,
+    accessing the cached files and blocks is not.
+
+    Metadata is stored in a single file per storage directory in JSON format.
+    For backward compatibility. No longer supports pickle.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, storage: list[str]):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        storage: list[str]
+            Directories containing cached files, must be at least one. Metadata
+            is stored in the last of these directories by convention.
+        """
+        if not storage:
+            raise ValueError("CacheMetadata expects at least one storage location")
+
+        self._storage = storage
+        self.cached_files: list[Detail] = [{}]
+
+    def _load(self, fn: str) -> Detail:
+        """Low-level function to load metadata from specific file"""
+        with open(fn, "r") as f:
+            loaded = json.load(f)
+        for c in loaded.values():
+            if isinstance(c.get("blocks"), list):
+                c["blocks"] = set(c["blocks"])
+        return loaded
+
+    def _save(self, metadata_to_save: Detail, fn: str) -> None:
+        """Low-level function to save metadata to specific file"""
+        with atomic_write(fn, mode="w") as f:
+            json.dump(metadata_to_save, f)
+
+    def _scan_locations(
+        self, writable_only: bool = False
+    ) -> Iterator[tuple[str, str, bool]]:
+        """Yield locations (filenames) where metadata is stored, and whether
+        writable or not.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        writable: bool
+            Set to True to only yield writable locations.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Yields (str, str, bool)
+        """
+        n = len(self._storage)
+        for i, storage in enumerate(self._storage):
+            writable = i == n - 1
+            if writable_only and not writable:
+                continue
+            yield os.path.join(storage, "cache"), storage, writable
+
+    def check_file(
+        self, path: str, cfs: CachingFileSystem | None
+    ) -> Literal[False] | tuple[Detail, str]:
+        """If path is in cache return its details, otherwise return ``False``.
+
+        If the optional CachingFileSystem is specified then it is used to
+        perform extra checks to reject possible matches, such as if they are
+        too old.
+        """
+        for (fn, base, _), cache in zip(self._scan_locations(), self.cached_files):
+            if path not in cache:
+                continue
+            detail = cache[path].copy()
+
+            if cfs is not None:
+                if cfs.check_files and detail["uid"] != cfs.fs.ukey(path):
+                    # Wrong file as determined by hash of file properties
+                    continue
+                if cfs.expiry and time.time() - detail["time"] > cfs.expiry:
+                    # Cached file has expired
+                    continue
+
+            fn = os.path.join(base, detail["fn"])
+            if os.path.exists(fn):
+                return detail, fn
+        return False
+
+    def clear_expired(self, expiry_time: int) -> tuple[list[str], bool]:
+        """Remove expired metadata from the cache.
+
+        Returns names of files corresponding to expired metadata and a boolean
+        flag indicating whether the writable cache is empty. Caller is
+        responsible for deleting the expired files.
+        """
+        expired_files = []
+        for path, detail in self.cached_files[-1].copy().items():
+            if time.time() - detail["time"] > expiry_time:
+                fn = detail.get("fn", "")
+                if not fn:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Cache metadata does not contain 'fn' for {path}"
+                    )
+                fn = os.path.join(self._storage[-1], fn)
+                expired_files.append(fn)
+                self.cached_files[-1].pop(path)
+
+        if self.cached_files[-1]:
+            cache_path = os.path.join(self._storage[-1], "cache")
+            self._save(self.cached_files[-1], cache_path)
+
+        writable_cache_empty = not self.cached_files[-1]
+        return expired_files, writable_cache_empty
+
+    def load(self) -> None:
+        """Load all metadata from disk and store in ``self.cached_files``"""
+        cached_files = []
+        for fn, _, _ in self._scan_locations():
+            if os.path.exists(fn):
+                # TODO: consolidate blocks here
+                cached_files.append(self._load(fn))
+            else:
+                cached_files.append({})
+        self.cached_files = cached_files or [{}]
+
+    def on_close_cached_file(self, f: Any, path: str) -> None:
+        """Perform side-effect actions on closing a cached file.
+
+        The actual closing of the file is the responsibility of the caller.
+        """
+        # File must be writable, so in self.cached_files[-1]
+        c = self.cached_files[-1][path]
+        if c["blocks"] is not True and len(c["blocks"]) * f.blocksize >= f.size:
+            c["blocks"] = True
+
+    def pop_file(self, path: str) -> str | None:
+        """Remove metadata of cached file.
+
+        If path is in the cache, return the filename of the cached file,
+        otherwise return ``None``.  Caller is responsible for deleting the
+        cached file.
+        """
+        details = self.check_file(path, None)
+        if not details:
+            return None
+        _, fn = details
+        if fn.startswith(self._storage[-1]):
+            self.cached_files[-1].pop(path)
+            self.save()
+        else:
+            raise PermissionError(
+                "Can only delete cached file in last, writable cache location"
+            )
+        return fn
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        """Save metadata to disk"""
+        for (fn, _, writable), cache in zip(self._scan_locations(), self.cached_files):
+            if not writable:
+                continue
+
+            if os.path.exists(fn):
+                cached_files = self._load(fn)
+                for k, c in cached_files.items():
+                    if k in cache:
+                        if c["blocks"] is True or cache[k]["blocks"] is True:
+                            c["blocks"] = True
+                        else:
+                            # self.cached_files[*][*]["blocks"] must continue to
+                            # point to the same set object so that updates
+                            # performed by MMapCache are propagated back to
+                            # self.cached_files.
+                            blocks = cache[k]["blocks"]
+                            blocks.update(c["blocks"])
+                            c["blocks"] = blocks
+                        c["time"] = max(c["time"], cache[k]["time"])
+                        c["uid"] = cache[k]["uid"]
+
+                # Files can be added to cache after it was written once
+                for k, c in cache.items():
+                    if k not in cached_files:
+                        cached_files[k] = c
+            else:
+                cached_files = cache
+            cache = {k: v.copy() for k, v in cached_files.items()}
+            for c in cache.values():
+                if isinstance(c["blocks"], set):
+                    c["blocks"] = list(c["blocks"])
+            self._save(cache, fn)
+            self.cached_files[-1] = cached_files
+
+    def update_file(self, path: str, detail: Detail) -> None:
+        """Update metadata for specific file in memory, do not save"""
+        self.cached_files[-1][path] = detail
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cached.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cached.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c140f8d617d7cfe5781b01344ab3fb77e0fe3775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/cached.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1024 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import logging
+import os
+import tempfile
+import time
+import weakref
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from shutil import rmtree
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar
+
+from fsspec import filesystem
+from fsspec.callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from fsspec.compression import compr
+from fsspec.core import BaseCache, MMapCache
+from fsspec.exceptions import BlocksizeMismatchError
+from fsspec.implementations.cache_mapper import create_cache_mapper
+from fsspec.implementations.cache_metadata import CacheMetadata
+from fsspec.implementations.chained import ChainedFileSystem
+from fsspec.implementations.local import LocalFileSystem
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+from fsspec.transaction import Transaction
+from fsspec.utils import infer_compression
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from fsspec.implementations.cache_mapper import AbstractCacheMapper
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.cached")
+
+
+class WriteCachedTransaction(Transaction):
+    def complete(self, commit=True):
+        rpaths = [f.path for f in self.files]
+        lpaths = [f.fn for f in self.files]
+        if commit:
+            self.fs.put(lpaths, rpaths)
+        self.files.clear()
+        self.fs._intrans = False
+        self.fs._transaction = None
+        self.fs = None  # break cycle
+
+
+class CachingFileSystem(ChainedFileSystem):
+    """Locally caching filesystem, layer over any other FS
+
+    This class implements chunk-wise local storage of remote files, for quick
+    access after the initial download. The files are stored in a given
+    directory with hashes of URLs for the filenames. If no directory is given,
+    a temporary one is used, which should be cleaned up by the OS after the
+    process ends. The files themselves are sparse (as implemented in
+    :class:`~fsspec.caching.MMapCache`), so only the data which is accessed
+    takes up space.
+
+    Restrictions:
+
+    - the block-size must be the same for each access of a given file, unless
+      all blocks of the file have already been read
+    - caching can only be applied to file-systems which produce files
+      derived from fsspec.spec.AbstractBufferedFile ; LocalFileSystem is also
+      allowed, for testing
+    """
+
+    protocol: ClassVar[str | tuple[str, ...]] = ("blockcache", "cached")
+    _strip_tokenize_options = ("fo",)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        cache_storage="TMP",
+        cache_check=10,
+        check_files=False,
+        expiry_time=604800,
+        target_options=None,
+        fs=None,
+        same_names: bool | None = None,
+        compression=None,
+        cache_mapper: AbstractCacheMapper | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        target_protocol: str (optional)
+            Target filesystem protocol. Provide either this or ``fs``.
+        cache_storage: str or list(str)
+            Location to store files. If "TMP", this is a temporary directory,
+            and will be cleaned up by the OS when this process ends (or later).
+            If a list, each location will be tried in the order given, but
+            only the last will be considered writable.
+        cache_check: int
+            Number of seconds between reload of cache metadata
+        check_files: bool
+            Whether to explicitly see if the UID of the remote file matches
+            the stored one before using. Warning: some file systems such as
+            HTTP cannot reliably give a unique hash of the contents of some
+            path, so be sure to set this option to False.
+        expiry_time: int
+            The time in seconds after which a local copy is considered useless.
+            Set to falsy to prevent expiry. The default is equivalent to one
+            week.
+        target_options: dict or None
+            Passed to the instantiation of the FS, if fs is None.
+        fs: filesystem instance
+            The target filesystem to run against. Provide this or ``protocol``.
+        same_names: bool (optional)
+            By default, target URLs are hashed using a ``HashCacheMapper`` so
+            that files from different backends with the same basename do not
+            conflict. If this argument is ``true``, a ``BasenameCacheMapper``
+            is used instead. Other cache mapper options are available by using
+            the ``cache_mapper`` keyword argument. Only one of this and
+            ``cache_mapper`` should be specified.
+        compression: str (optional)
+            To decompress on download. Can be 'infer' (guess from the URL name),
+            one of the entries in ``fsspec.compression.compr``, or None for no
+            decompression.
+        cache_mapper: AbstractCacheMapper (optional)
+            The object use to map from original filenames to cached filenames.
+            Only one of this and ``same_names`` should be specified.
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        if fs is None and target_protocol is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Please provide filesystem instance(fs) or target_protocol"
+            )
+        if not (fs is None) ^ (target_protocol is None):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Both filesystems (fs) and target_protocol may not be both given."
+            )
+        if cache_storage == "TMP":
+            tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+            storage = [tempdir]
+            weakref.finalize(self, self._remove_tempdir, tempdir)
+        else:
+            if isinstance(cache_storage, str):
+                storage = [cache_storage]
+            else:
+                storage = cache_storage
+        os.makedirs(storage[-1], exist_ok=True)
+        self.storage = storage
+        self.kwargs = target_options or {}
+        self.cache_check = cache_check
+        self.check_files = check_files
+        self.expiry = expiry_time
+        self.compression = compression
+
+        # Size of cache in bytes. If None then the size is unknown and will be
+        # recalculated the next time cache_size() is called. On writes to the
+        # cache this is reset to None.
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+        if same_names is not None and cache_mapper is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot specify both same_names and cache_mapper in "
+                "CachingFileSystem.__init__"
+            )
+        if cache_mapper is not None:
+            self._mapper = cache_mapper
+        else:
+            self._mapper = create_cache_mapper(
+                same_names if same_names is not None else False
+            )
+
+        self.target_protocol = (
+            target_protocol
+            if isinstance(target_protocol, str)
+            else (fs.protocol if isinstance(fs.protocol, str) else fs.protocol[0])
+        )
+        self._metadata = CacheMetadata(self.storage)
+        self.load_cache()
+        self.fs = fs if fs is not None else filesystem(target_protocol, **self.kwargs)
+
+        def _strip_protocol(path):
+            # acts as a method, since each instance has a difference target
+            return self.fs._strip_protocol(type(self)._strip_protocol(path))
+
+        self._strip_protocol: Callable = _strip_protocol
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _remove_tempdir(tempdir):
+        try:
+            rmtree(tempdir)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def _mkcache(self):
+        os.makedirs(self.storage[-1], exist_ok=True)
+
+    def cache_size(self):
+        """Return size of cache in bytes.
+
+        If more than one cache directory is in use, only the size of the last
+        one (the writable cache directory) is returned.
+        """
+        if self._cache_size is None:
+            cache_dir = self.storage[-1]
+            self._cache_size = filesystem("file").du(cache_dir, withdirs=True)
+        return self._cache_size
+
+    def load_cache(self):
+        """Read set of stored blocks from file"""
+        self._metadata.load()
+        self._mkcache()
+        self.last_cache = time.time()
+
+    def save_cache(self):
+        """Save set of stored blocks from file"""
+        self._mkcache()
+        self._metadata.save()
+        self.last_cache = time.time()
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+    def _check_cache(self):
+        """Reload caches if time elapsed or any disappeared"""
+        self._mkcache()
+        if not self.cache_check:
+            # explicitly told not to bother checking
+            return
+        timecond = time.time() - self.last_cache > self.cache_check
+        existcond = all(os.path.exists(storage) for storage in self.storage)
+        if timecond or not existcond:
+            self.load_cache()
+
+    def _check_file(self, path):
+        """Is path in cache and still valid"""
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self._check_cache()
+        return self._metadata.check_file(path, self)
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        """Remove all files and metadata from the cache
+
+        In the case of multiple cache locations, this clears only the last one,
+        which is assumed to be the read/write one.
+        """
+        rmtree(self.storage[-1])
+        self.load_cache()
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+    def clear_expired_cache(self, expiry_time=None):
+        """Remove all expired files and metadata from the cache
+
+        In the case of multiple cache locations, this clears only the last one,
+        which is assumed to be the read/write one.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        expiry_time: int
+            The time in seconds after which a local copy is considered useless.
+            If not defined the default is equivalent to the attribute from the
+            file caching instantiation.
+        """
+
+        if not expiry_time:
+            expiry_time = self.expiry
+
+        self._check_cache()
+
+        expired_files, writable_cache_empty = self._metadata.clear_expired(expiry_time)
+        for fn in expired_files:
+            if os.path.exists(fn):
+                os.remove(fn)
+
+        if writable_cache_empty:
+            rmtree(self.storage[-1])
+            self.load_cache()
+
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+    def pop_from_cache(self, path):
+        """Remove cached version of given file
+
+        Deletes local copy of the given (remote) path. If it is found in a cache
+        location which is not the last, it is assumed to be read-only, and
+        raises PermissionError
+        """
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        fn = self._metadata.pop_file(path)
+        if fn is not None:
+            os.remove(fn)
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Wrap the target _open
+
+        If the whole file exists in the cache, just open it locally and
+        return that.
+
+        Otherwise, open the file on the target FS, and make it have a mmap
+        cache pointing to the location which we determine, in our cache.
+        The ``blocks`` instance is shared, so as the mmap cache instance
+        updates, so does the entry in our ``cached_files`` attribute.
+        We monkey-patch this file, so that when it closes, we call
+        ``close_and_update`` to save the state of the blocks.
+        """
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+
+        path = self.fs._strip_protocol(path)
+        if "r" not in mode:
+            return self.fs._open(
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                autocommit=autocommit,
+                cache_options=cache_options,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        detail = self._check_file(path)
+        if detail:
+            # file is in cache
+            detail, fn = detail
+            hash, blocks = detail["fn"], detail["blocks"]
+            if blocks is True:
+                # stored file is complete
+                logger.debug("Opening local copy of %s", path)
+                return open(fn, mode)
+            # TODO: action where partial file exists in read-only cache
+            logger.debug("Opening partially cached copy of %s", path)
+        else:
+            hash = self._mapper(path)
+            fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], hash)
+            blocks = set()
+            detail = {
+                "original": path,
+                "fn": hash,
+                "blocks": blocks,
+                "time": time.time(),
+                "uid": self.fs.ukey(path),
+            }
+            self._metadata.update_file(path, detail)
+            logger.debug("Creating local sparse file for %s", path)
+
+        # explicitly submitting the size to the open call will avoid extra
+        # operations when opening. This is particularly relevant
+        # for any file that is read over a network, e.g. S3.
+        size = detail.get("size")
+
+        # call target filesystems open
+        self._mkcache()
+        f = self.fs._open(
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            cache_type="none",
+            size=size,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+        # set size if not already set
+        if size is None:
+            detail["size"] = f.size
+            self._metadata.update_file(path, detail)
+
+        if self.compression:
+            comp = (
+                infer_compression(path)
+                if self.compression == "infer"
+                else self.compression
+            )
+            f = compr[comp](f, mode="rb")
+        if "blocksize" in detail:
+            if detail["blocksize"] != f.blocksize:
+                raise BlocksizeMismatchError(
+                    f"Cached file must be reopened with same block"
+                    f" size as original (old: {detail['blocksize']},"
+                    f" new {f.blocksize})"
+                )
+        else:
+            detail["blocksize"] = f.blocksize
+
+        def _fetch_ranges(ranges):
+            return self.fs.cat_ranges(
+                [path] * len(ranges),
+                [r[0] for r in ranges],
+                [r[1] for r in ranges],
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        multi_fetcher = None if self.compression else _fetch_ranges
+        f.cache = MMapCache(
+            f.blocksize, f._fetch_range, f.size, fn, blocks, multi_fetcher=multi_fetcher
+        )
+        close = f.close
+        f.close = lambda: self.close_and_update(f, close)
+        self.save_cache()
+        return f
+
+    def _parent(self, path):
+        return self.fs._parent(path)
+
+    def hash_name(self, path: str, *args: Any) -> str:
+        # Kept for backward compatibility with downstream libraries.
+        # Ignores extra arguments, previously same_name boolean.
+        return self._mapper(path)
+
+    def close_and_update(self, f, close):
+        """Called when a file is closing, so store the set of blocks"""
+        if f.closed:
+            return
+        path = self._strip_protocol(f.path)
+        self._metadata.on_close_cached_file(f, path)
+        try:
+            logger.debug("going to save")
+            self.save_cache()
+            logger.debug("saved")
+        except OSError:
+            logger.debug("Cache saving failed while closing file")
+        except NameError:
+            logger.debug("Cache save failed due to interpreter shutdown")
+        close()
+        f.closed = True
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True):
+        return self.fs.ls(path, detail)
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, item):
+        if item in {
+            "load_cache",
+            "_get_cached_file_before_open",
+            "_open",
+            "save_cache",
+            "close_and_update",
+            "__init__",
+            "__getattribute__",
+            "__reduce__",
+            "_make_local_details",
+            "open",
+            "cat",
+            "cat_file",
+            "_cat_file",
+            "cat_ranges",
+            "_cat_ranges",
+            "get",
+            "read_block",
+            "tail",
+            "head",
+            "info",
+            "ls",
+            "exists",
+            "isfile",
+            "isdir",
+            "_check_file",
+            "_check_cache",
+            "_mkcache",
+            "clear_cache",
+            "clear_expired_cache",
+            "pop_from_cache",
+            "local_file",
+            "_paths_from_path",
+            "get_mapper",
+            "open_many",
+            "commit_many",
+            "hash_name",
+            "__hash__",
+            "__eq__",
+            "to_json",
+            "to_dict",
+            "cache_size",
+            "pipe_file",
+            "pipe",
+            "start_transaction",
+            "end_transaction",
+        }:
+            # all the methods defined in this class. Note `open` here, since
+            # it calls `_open`, but is actually in superclass
+            if hasattr(type(self), item):
+                return lambda *args, **kw: getattr(type(self), item).__get__(self)(
+                    *args, **kw
+                )
+            # method is in the whitelist but not defined on this subclass;
+            # fall through to delegate to the wrapped filesystem below
+        if item in ["__reduce_ex__"]:
+            raise AttributeError
+        if item in ["transaction"]:
+            # property
+            return type(self).transaction.__get__(self)
+        if item in {"_cache", "transaction_type", "protocol"}:
+            # class attributes
+            return getattr(type(self), item)
+        if item == "__class__":
+            return type(self)
+        d = object.__getattribute__(self, "__dict__")
+        fs = d.get("fs", None)  # fs is not immediately defined
+        if item in d:
+            return d[item]
+        elif fs is not None:
+            if item in fs.__dict__:
+                # attribute of instance
+                return fs.__dict__[item]
+            # attributed belonging to the target filesystem
+            cls = type(fs)
+            m = getattr(cls, item)
+            if (inspect.isfunction(m) or inspect.isdatadescriptor(m)) and (
+                not hasattr(m, "__self__") or m.__self__ is None
+            ):
+                # instance method
+                return m.__get__(fs, cls)
+            return m  # class method or attribute
+        else:
+            # attributes of the superclass, while target is being set up
+            return super().__getattribute__(item)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Test for equality."""
+        if self is other:
+            return True
+        if not isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            return False
+        return (
+            self.storage == other.storage
+            and self.kwargs == other.kwargs
+            and self.cache_check == other.cache_check
+            and self.check_files == other.check_files
+            and self.expiry == other.expiry
+            and self.compression == other.compression
+            and self._mapper == other._mapper
+            and self.target_protocol == other.target_protocol
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """Calculate hash."""
+        return (
+            hash(tuple(self.storage))
+            ^ hash(str(self.kwargs))
+            ^ hash(self.cache_check)
+            ^ hash(self.check_files)
+            ^ hash(self.expiry)
+            ^ hash(self.compression)
+            ^ hash(self._mapper)
+            ^ hash(self.target_protocol)
+        )
+
+
+class WholeFileCacheFileSystem(CachingFileSystem):
+    """Caches whole remote files on first access
+
+    This class is intended as a layer over any other file system, and
+    will make a local copy of each file accessed, so that all subsequent
+    reads are local. This is similar to ``CachingFileSystem``, but without
+    the block-wise functionality and so can work even when sparse files
+    are not allowed. See its docstring for definition of the init
+    arguments.
+
+    The class still needs access to the remote store for listing files,
+    and may refresh cached files.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "filecache"
+    local_file = True
+
+    def open_many(self, open_files, **kwargs):
+        paths = [of.path for of in open_files]
+        if "r" in open_files.mode:
+            self._mkcache()
+        else:
+            return [
+                LocalTempFile(
+                    self.fs,
+                    path,
+                    mode=open_files.mode,
+                    fn=os.path.join(self.storage[-1], self._mapper(path)),
+                    **kwargs,
+                )
+                for path in paths
+            ]
+
+        if self.compression:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        details = [self._check_file(sp) for sp in paths]
+        downpath = [p for p, d in zip(paths, details) if not d]
+        downfn0 = [
+            os.path.join(self.storage[-1], self._mapper(p))
+            for p, d in zip(paths, details)
+        ]  # keep these path names for opening later
+        downfn = [fn for fn, d in zip(downfn0, details) if not d]
+        if downpath:
+            # skip if all files are already cached and up to date
+            self.fs.get(downpath, downfn)
+
+            # update metadata - only happens when downloads are successful
+            newdetail = [
+                {
+                    "original": path,
+                    "fn": self._mapper(path),
+                    "blocks": True,
+                    "time": time.time(),
+                    "uid": self.fs.ukey(path),
+                }
+                for path in downpath
+            ]
+            for path, detail in zip(downpath, newdetail):
+                self._metadata.update_file(path, detail)
+            self.save_cache()
+
+        def firstpart(fn):
+            # helper to adapt both whole-file and simple-cache
+            return fn[1] if isinstance(fn, tuple) else fn
+
+        return [
+            open(firstpart(fn0) if fn0 else fn1, mode=open_files.mode)
+            for fn0, fn1 in zip(details, downfn0)
+        ]
+
+    def commit_many(self, open_files):
+        self.fs.put([f.fn for f in open_files], [f.path for f in open_files])
+        [f.close() for f in open_files]
+        for f in open_files:
+            # in case autocommit is off, and so close did not already delete
+            try:
+                os.remove(f.name)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+    def _make_local_details(self, path):
+        hash = self._mapper(path)
+        fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], hash)
+        detail = {
+            "original": path,
+            "fn": hash,
+            "blocks": True,
+            "time": time.time(),
+            "uid": self.fs.ukey(path),
+        }
+        self._metadata.update_file(path, detail)
+        logger.debug("Copying %s to local cache", path)
+        return fn
+
+    def cat(
+        self,
+        path,
+        recursive=False,
+        on_error="raise",
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        paths = self.expand_path(
+            path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=kwargs.get("maxdepth")
+        )
+        getpaths = []
+        storepaths = []
+        fns = []
+        out = {}
+        for p in paths.copy():
+            try:
+                detail = self._check_file(p)
+                if not detail:
+                    fn = self._make_local_details(p)
+                    getpaths.append(p)
+                    storepaths.append(fn)
+                else:
+                    detail, fn = detail if isinstance(detail, tuple) else (None, detail)
+                fns.append(fn)
+            except Exception as e:
+                if on_error == "raise":
+                    raise
+                if on_error == "return":
+                    out[p] = e
+                paths.remove(p)
+
+        if getpaths:
+            self.fs.get(getpaths, storepaths)
+            self.save_cache()
+
+        callback.set_size(len(paths))
+        for p, fn in zip(paths, fns):
+            with open(fn, "rb") as f:
+                out[p] = f.read()
+            callback.relative_update(1)
+        if isinstance(path, str) and len(paths) == 1 and recursive is False:
+            out = out[paths[0]]
+        return out
+
+    def _get_cached_file_before_open(self, path, **kwargs):
+        fn = self._make_local_details(path)
+        # call target filesystems open
+        self._mkcache()
+        if self.compression:
+            with self.fs._open(path, mode="rb", **kwargs) as f, open(fn, "wb") as f2:
+                if isinstance(f, AbstractBufferedFile):
+                    # want no type of caching if just downloading whole thing
+                    f.cache = BaseCache(0, f.cache.fetcher, f.size)
+                comp = (
+                    infer_compression(path)
+                    if self.compression == "infer"
+                    else self.compression
+                )
+                f = compr[comp](f, mode="rb")
+                data = True
+                while data:
+                    block = getattr(f, "blocksize", 5 * 2**20)
+                    data = f.read(block)
+                    f2.write(data)
+        else:
+            self.fs.get_file(path, fn)
+        self.save_cache()
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        # For read (or append), (try) download from remote
+        if "r" in mode or "a" in mode:
+            if not self._check_file(path):
+                if self.fs.exists(path):
+                    self._get_cached_file_before_open(path, **kwargs)
+                elif "r" in mode:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+            detail, fn = self._check_file(path)
+            _, blocks = detail["fn"], detail["blocks"]
+            if blocks is True:
+                logger.debug("Opening local copy of %s", path)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Attempt to open partially cached file {path}"
+                    f" as a wholly cached file"
+                )
+
+        # Just reading does not need special file handling
+        if "r" in mode and "+" not in mode:
+            # In order to support downstream filesystems to be able to
+            # infer the compression from the original filename, like
+            # the `TarFileSystem`, let's extend the `io.BufferedReader`
+            # fileobject protocol by adding a dedicated attribute
+            # `original`.
+            f = open(fn, mode)
+            f.original = detail.get("original")
+            return f
+
+        hash = self._mapper(path)
+        fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], hash)
+        user_specified_kwargs = {
+            k: v
+            for k, v in kwargs.items()
+            # those kwargs were added by open(), we don't want them
+            if k not in ["autocommit", "block_size", "cache_options"]
+        }
+        return LocalTempFile(self, path, mode=mode, fn=fn, **user_specified_kwargs)
+
+    async def _cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        logger.debug("async cat_file %s", path)
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        sha = self._mapper(path)
+        fn = self._check_file(path)
+
+        if not fn:
+            fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], sha)
+            await self.fs._get_file(path, fn, **kwargs)
+
+        with open(fn, "rb") as f:  # noqa ASYNC230
+            if start:
+                f.seek(start)
+            size = -1 if end is None else end - f.tell()
+            return f.read(size)
+
+    async def _cat_ranges(
+        self, paths, starts, ends, max_gap=None, on_error="return", **kwargs
+    ):
+        logger.debug("async cat ranges %s", paths)
+        lpaths = []
+        rset = set()
+        download = []
+        rpaths = []
+        for p in paths:
+            fn = self._check_file(p)
+            if fn is None and p not in rset:
+                sha = self._mapper(p)
+                fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], sha)
+                download.append(fn)
+                rset.add(p)
+                rpaths.append(p)
+            lpaths.append(fn)
+        if download:
+            await self.fs._get(rpaths, download, on_error=on_error)
+
+        return LocalFileSystem().cat_ranges(
+            lpaths, starts, ends, max_gap=max_gap, on_error=on_error, **kwargs
+        )
+
+
+class SimpleCacheFileSystem(WholeFileCacheFileSystem):
+    """Caches whole remote files on first access
+
+    This class is intended as a layer over any other file system, and
+    will make a local copy of each file accessed, so that all subsequent
+    reads are local. This implementation only copies whole files, and
+    does not keep any metadata about the download time or file details.
+    It is therefore safer to use in multi-threaded/concurrent situations.
+
+    This is the only of the caching filesystems that supports write: you will
+    be given a real local open file, and upon close and commit, it will be
+    uploaded to the target filesystem; the writability or the target URL is
+    not checked until that time.
+
+    """
+
+    protocol = "simplecache"
+    local_file = True
+    transaction_type = WriteCachedTransaction
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        kw = kwargs.copy()
+        for key in ["cache_check", "expiry_time", "check_files"]:
+            kw[key] = False
+        super().__init__(**kw)
+        for storage in self.storage:
+            if not os.path.exists(storage):
+                os.makedirs(storage, exist_ok=True)
+
+    def _check_file(self, path):
+        self._check_cache()
+        sha = self._mapper(path)
+        for storage in self.storage:
+            fn = os.path.join(storage, sha)
+            if os.path.exists(fn):
+                return fn
+
+    def save_cache(self):
+        pass
+
+    def load_cache(self):
+        pass
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value=None, **kwargs):
+        if self._intrans:
+            with self.open(path, "wb") as f:
+                f.write(value)
+        else:
+            super().pipe_file(path, value)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        details = []
+        try:
+            details = self.fs.ls(
+                path, detail=True, **kwargs
+            ).copy()  # don't edit original!
+        except FileNotFoundError as e:
+            ex = e
+        else:
+            ex = None
+        if self._intrans:
+            path1 = path.rstrip("/") + "/"
+            for f in self.transaction.files:
+                if f.path == path:
+                    details.append(
+                        {"name": path, "size": f.size or f.tell(), "type": "file"}
+                    )
+                elif f.path.startswith(path1):
+                    if f.path.count("/") == path1.count("/"):
+                        details.append(
+                            {"name": f.path, "size": f.size or f.tell(), "type": "file"}
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        dname = "/".join(f.path.split("/")[: path1.count("/") + 1])
+                        details.append({"name": dname, "size": 0, "type": "directory"})
+        if ex is not None and not details:
+            raise ex
+        if detail:
+            return details
+        return sorted(_["name"] for _ in details)
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self._intrans:
+            f = [_ for _ in self.transaction.files if _.path == path]
+            if f:
+                size = os.path.getsize(f[0].fn) if f[0].closed else f[0].tell()
+                return {"name": path, "size": size, "type": "file"}
+            f = any(_.path.startswith(path + "/") for _ in self.transaction.files)
+            if f:
+                return {"name": path, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+        return self.fs.info(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def pipe(self, path, value=None, **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            self.pipe_file(self._strip_protocol(path), value, **kwargs)
+        elif isinstance(path, dict):
+            for k, v in path.items():
+                self.pipe_file(self._strip_protocol(k), v, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("path must be str or dict")
+
+    def cat_ranges(
+        self, paths, starts, ends, max_gap=None, on_error="return", **kwargs
+    ):
+        logger.debug("cat ranges %s", paths)
+        lpaths = [self._check_file(p) for p in paths]
+        rpaths = [p for l, p in zip(lpaths, paths) if l is False]
+        lpaths = [l for l, p in zip(lpaths, paths) if l is False]
+        self.fs.get(rpaths, lpaths)
+        paths = [self._check_file(p) for p in paths]
+        return LocalFileSystem().cat_ranges(
+            paths, starts, ends, max_gap=max_gap, on_error=on_error, **kwargs
+        )
+
+    def _get_cached_file_before_open(self, path, **kwargs):
+        sha = self._mapper(path)
+        fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], sha)
+        logger.debug("Copying %s to local cache", path)
+
+        self._mkcache()
+        self._cache_size = None
+
+        if self.compression:
+            with self.fs._open(path, mode="rb", **kwargs) as f, open(fn, "wb") as f2:
+                if isinstance(f, AbstractBufferedFile):
+                    # want no type of caching if just downloading whole thing
+                    f.cache = BaseCache(0, f.cache.fetcher, f.size)
+                comp = (
+                    infer_compression(path)
+                    if self.compression == "infer"
+                    else self.compression
+                )
+                f = compr[comp](f, mode="rb")
+                data = True
+                while data:
+                    block = getattr(f, "blocksize", 5 * 2**20)
+                    data = f.read(block)
+                    f2.write(data)
+        else:
+            self.fs.get_file(path, fn)
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        sha = self._mapper(path)
+
+        # For read (or append), (try) download from remote
+        if "r" in mode or "a" in mode:
+            if not self._check_file(path):
+                # append does not require an existing file but read does
+                if self.fs.exists(path):
+                    self._get_cached_file_before_open(path, **kwargs)
+                elif "r" in mode:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+        fn = self._check_file(path)
+        # Just reading does not need special file handling
+        if "r" in mode and "+" not in mode:
+            return open(fn, mode)
+
+        fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], sha)
+        user_specified_kwargs = {
+            k: v
+            for k, v in kwargs.items()
+            if k not in ["autocommit", "block_size", "cache_options"]
+        }  # those were added by open()
+        return LocalTempFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            autocommit=not self._intrans,
+            fn=fn,
+            **user_specified_kwargs,
+        )
+
+
+class LocalTempFile:
+    """A temporary local file, which will be uploaded on commit"""
+
+    def __init__(self, fs, path, fn, mode="wb", autocommit=True, seek=0, **kwargs):
+        self.fn = fn
+        self.fh = open(fn, mode)
+        self.mode = mode
+        if seek:
+            self.fh.seek(seek)
+        self.path = path
+        self.size = None
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.closed = False
+        self.autocommit = autocommit
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # always open in r+b to allow continuing writing at a location
+        return (
+            LocalTempFile,
+            (self.fs, self.path, self.fn, "r+b", self.autocommit, self.tell()),
+        )
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self.fh
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.close()
+
+    def close(self):
+        # self.size = self.fh.tell()
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        self.fh.close()
+        self.closed = True
+        if self.autocommit:
+            self.commit()
+
+    def discard(self):
+        self.fh.close()
+        os.remove(self.fn)
+
+    def commit(self):
+        # calling put() with list arguments avoids path expansion and additional operations
+        # like isdir()
+        self.fs.put([self.fn], [self.path], **self.kwargs)
+        # we do not delete the local copy, it's still in the cache.
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self.fn
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"LocalTempFile: {self.path}"
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        return getattr(self.fh, item)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/chained.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/chained.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfce64334e8db0272eefa96b4428b23524b059f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/chained.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from typing import ClassVar
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+
+__all__ = ("ChainedFileSystem",)
+
+
+class ChainedFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Chained filesystem base class.
+
+    A chained filesystem is designed to be layered over another FS.
+    This is useful to implement things like caching.
+
+    This base class does very little on its own, but is used as a marker
+    that the class is designed for chaining.
+
+    Right now this is only used in `url_to_fs` to provide the path argument
+    (`fo`) to the chained filesystem from the underlying filesystem.
+
+    Additional functionality may be added in the future.
+    """
+
+    protocol: ClassVar[str] = "chained"
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dask.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dask.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e1276463db6866665e6a0fe114efc247971b57e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dask.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import dask
+from distributed.client import Client, _get_global_client
+from distributed.worker import Worker
+
+from fsspec import filesystem
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile, AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import infer_storage_options
+
+
+def _get_client(client):
+    if client is None:
+        return _get_global_client()
+    elif isinstance(client, Client):
+        return client
+    else:
+        # e.g., connection string
+        return Client(client)
+
+
+def _in_worker():
+    return bool(Worker._instances)
+
+
+class DaskWorkerFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """View files accessible to a worker as any other remote file-system
+
+    When instances are run on the worker, uses the real filesystem. When
+    run on the client, they call the worker to provide information or data.
+
+    **Warning** this implementation is experimental, and read-only for now.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, target_protocol=None, target_options=None, fs=None, client=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        if not (fs is None) ^ (target_protocol is None):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Please provide one of filesystem instance (fs) or"
+                " target_protocol, not both"
+            )
+        self.target_protocol = target_protocol
+        self.target_options = target_options
+        self.worker = None
+        self.client = client
+        self.fs = fs
+        self._determine_worker()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        so = infer_storage_options(path)
+        if "host" in so and "port" in so:
+            return {"client": f"{so['host']}:{so['port']}"}
+        else:
+            return {}
+
+    def _determine_worker(self):
+        if _in_worker():
+            self.worker = True
+            if self.fs is None:
+                self.fs = filesystem(
+                    self.target_protocol, **(self.target_options or {})
+                )
+        else:
+            self.worker = False
+            self.client = _get_client(self.client)
+            self.rfs = dask.delayed(self)
+
+    def mkdir(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.worker:
+            self.fs.mkdir(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            self.rfs.mkdir(*args, **kwargs).compute()
+
+    def rm(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.worker:
+            self.fs.rm(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            self.rfs.rm(*args, **kwargs).compute()
+
+    def copy(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.worker:
+            self.fs.copy(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            self.rfs.copy(*args, **kwargs).compute()
+
+    def mv(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.worker:
+            self.fs.mv(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            self.rfs.mv(*args, **kwargs).compute()
+
+    def ls(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.worker:
+            return self.fs.ls(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return self.rfs.ls(*args, **kwargs).compute()
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if self.worker:
+            return self.fs._open(
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                autocommit=autocommit,
+                cache_options=cache_options,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            return DaskFile(
+                fs=self,
+                path=path,
+                mode=mode,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                autocommit=autocommit,
+                cache_options=cache_options,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+    def fetch_range(self, path, mode, start, end):
+        if self.worker:
+            with self._open(path, mode) as f:
+                f.seek(start)
+                return f.read(end - start)
+        else:
+            return self.rfs.fetch_range(path, mode, start, end).compute()
+
+
+class DaskFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def __init__(self, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError('Remote dask files can only be opened in "rb" mode')
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        pass
+
+    def _initiate_upload(self):
+        """Create remote file/upload"""
+        pass
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Get the specified set of bytes from remote"""
+        return self.fs.fetch_range(self.path, self.mode, start, end)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/data.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fad1b56d0940a6e5232497475ab32a504e19ec9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import base64
+import io
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import stringify_path
+
+
+class DataFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """A handy decoder for data-URLs
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    >>> with fsspec.open("data:,Hello%2C%20World%21") as f:
+    ...     print(f.read())
+    b"Hello, World!"
+
+    See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/Data_URLs
+    """
+
+    protocol = "data"
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        """No parameters for this filesystem"""
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        if isinstance(path, list):
+            return [cls._strip_protocol(p) for p in path]
+        path = stringify_path(path)
+        if path.startswith("data://"):
+            path = path[7:]
+        elif path.startswith("data:"):
+            path = path[5:]
+        # Do NOT strip trailing slashes, as they may be meaningful base64 characters
+        # or percent-encoded data content
+        return path
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        pref, data = path.split(",", 1)
+        if pref.endswith("base64"):
+            return base64.b64decode(data)[start:end]
+        return unquote(data).encode()[start:end]
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        pref, name = path.split(",", 1)
+        data = self.cat_file(path)
+        mime = pref.split(":", 1)[1].split(";", 1)[0]
+        return {"name": name, "size": len(data), "type": "file", "mimetype": mime}
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if "r" not in mode:
+            raise ValueError("Read only filesystem")
+        return io.BytesIO(self.cat_file(path))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode(data: bytes, mime: str | None = None):
+        """Format the given data into data-URL syntax
+
+        This version always base64 encodes, even when the data is ascii/url-safe.
+        """
+        return f"data:{mime or ''};base64,{base64.b64encode(data).decode()}"
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dbfs.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dbfs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b7f03f66c94dccf7880546728ce1c3f110bc10a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dbfs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import urllib
+
+import requests
+from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter, Retry
+from typing_extensions import override
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+
+
+class DatabricksException(Exception):
+    """
+    Helper class for exceptions raised in this module.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, error_code, message, details=None):
+        """Create a new DatabricksException"""
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+        self.error_code = error_code
+        self.message = message
+        self.details = details
+
+
+class DatabricksFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """
+    Get access to the Databricks filesystem implementation over HTTP.
+    Can be used inside and outside of a databricks cluster.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, instance, token, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Create a new DatabricksFileSystem.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        instance: str
+            The instance URL of the databricks cluster.
+            For example for an Azure databricks cluster, this
+            has the form adb-<some-number>.<two digits>.azuredatabricks.net.
+        token: str
+            Your personal token. Find out more
+            here: https://docs.databricks.com/dev-tools/api/latest/authentication.html
+        """
+        self.instance = instance
+        self.token = token
+        self.session = requests.Session()
+        self.retries = Retry(
+            total=10,
+            backoff_factor=0.05,
+            status_forcelist=[408, 429, 500, 502, 503, 504],
+        )
+
+        self.session.mount("https://", HTTPAdapter(max_retries=self.retries))
+        self.session.headers.update({"Authorization": f"Bearer {self.token}"})
+
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    @override
+    def _ls_from_cache(self, path) -> list[dict[str, str | int]] | None:
+        """Check cache for listing
+
+        Returns listing, if found (may be empty list for a directory that
+        exists but contains nothing), None if not in cache.
+        """
+        self.dircache.pop(path.rstrip("/"), None)
+
+        parent = self._parent(path)
+        if parent in self.dircache:
+            for entry in self.dircache[parent]:
+                if entry["name"] == path.rstrip("/"):
+                    if entry["type"] != "directory":
+                        return [entry]
+                    return []
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        List the contents of the given path.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path
+        detail: bool
+            Return not only the list of filenames,
+            but also additional information on file sizes
+            and types.
+        """
+        try:
+            out = self._ls_from_cache(path)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            # This happens if the `path`'s parent was cached, but `path` is not
+            # there. This suggests that `path` is new since the parent was
+            # cached. Attempt to invalidate parent's cache before continuing.
+            self.dircache.pop(self._parent(path), None)
+            out = None
+
+        if not out:
+            try:
+                r = self._send_to_api(
+                    method="get", endpoint="list", json={"path": path}
+                )
+            except DatabricksException as e:
+                if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(e.message) from e
+
+                raise
+            files = r.get("files", [])
+            out = [
+                {
+                    "name": o["path"],
+                    "type": "directory" if o["is_dir"] else "file",
+                    "size": o["file_size"],
+                }
+                for o in files
+            ]
+            self.dircache[path] = out
+
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        return [o["name"] for o in out]
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=True):
+        """
+        Create a given absolute path and all of its parents.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path to create
+        exist_ok: bool
+            If false, checks if the folder
+            exists before creating it (and raises an
+            Exception if this is the case)
+        """
+        if not exist_ok:
+            try:
+                # If the following succeeds, the path is already present
+                self._send_to_api(
+                    method="get", endpoint="get-status", json={"path": path}
+                )
+                raise FileExistsError(f"Path {path} already exists")
+            except DatabricksException as e:
+                if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                    pass
+
+        try:
+            self._send_to_api(method="post", endpoint="mkdirs", json={"path": path})
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_ALREADY_EXISTS":
+                raise FileExistsError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path))
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Create a given absolute path and all of its parents.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path to create
+        create_parents: bool
+            Whether to create all parents or not.
+            "False" is not implemented so far.
+        """
+        if not create_parents:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        self.mkdirs(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Remove the file or folder at the given absolute path.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path what to remove
+        recursive: bool
+            Recursively delete all files in a folder.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._send_to_api(
+                method="post",
+                endpoint="delete",
+                json={"path": path, "recursive": recursive},
+            )
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            # This is not really an exception, it just means
+            # not everything was deleted so far
+            if e.error_code == "PARTIAL_DELETE":
+                self.rm(path=path, recursive=recursive)
+            elif e.error_code == "IO_ERROR":
+                # Using the same exception as the os module would use here
+                raise OSError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path))
+
+    def mv(
+        self, source_path, destination_path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        """
+        Move a source to a destination path.
+
+        A note from the original [databricks API manual]
+        (https://docs.databricks.com/dev-tools/api/latest/dbfs.html#move).
+
+        When moving a large number of files the API call will time out after
+        approximately 60s, potentially resulting in partially moved data.
+        Therefore, for operations that move more than 10k files, we strongly
+        discourage using the DBFS REST API.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        source_path: str
+            From where to move (absolute path)
+        destination_path: str
+            To where to move (absolute path)
+        recursive: bool
+            Not implemented to far.
+        maxdepth:
+            Not implemented to far.
+        """
+        if recursive:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        if maxdepth:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        try:
+            self._send_to_api(
+                method="post",
+                endpoint="move",
+                json={"source_path": source_path, "destination_path": destination_path},
+            )
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                raise FileNotFoundError(e.message) from e
+            elif e.error_code == "RESOURCE_ALREADY_EXISTS":
+                raise FileExistsError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(source_path))
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(destination_path))
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size="default", **kwargs):
+        """
+        Overwrite the base class method to make sure to create a DBFile.
+        All arguments are copied from the base method.
+
+        Only the default blocksize is allowed.
+        """
+        return DatabricksFile(self, path, mode=mode, block_size=block_size, **kwargs)
+
+    def _send_to_api(self, method, endpoint, json):
+        """
+        Send the given json to the DBFS API
+        using a get or post request (specified by the argument `method`).
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        method: str
+            Which http method to use for communication; "get" or "post".
+        endpoint: str
+            Where to send the request to (last part of the API URL)
+        json: dict
+            Dictionary of information to send
+        """
+        if method == "post":
+            session_call = self.session.post
+        elif method == "get":
+            session_call = self.session.get
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Do not understand method {method}")
+
+        url = urllib.parse.urljoin(f"https://{self.instance}/api/2.0/dbfs/", endpoint)
+
+        r = session_call(url, json=json)
+
+        # The DBFS API will return a json, also in case of an exception.
+        # We want to preserve this information as good as possible.
+        try:
+            r.raise_for_status()
+        except requests.HTTPError as e:
+            # try to extract json error message
+            # if that fails, fall back to the original exception
+            try:
+                exception_json = e.response.json()
+            except Exception:
+                raise e from None
+
+            raise DatabricksException(**exception_json) from e
+
+        return r.json()
+
+    def _create_handle(self, path, overwrite=True):
+        """
+        Internal function to create a handle, which can be used to
+        write blocks of a file to DBFS.
+        A handle has a unique identifier which needs to be passed
+        whenever written during this transaction.
+        The handle is active for 10 minutes - after that a new
+        write transaction needs to be created.
+        Make sure to close the handle after you are finished.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path for this file.
+        overwrite: bool
+            If a file already exist at this location, either overwrite
+            it or raise an exception.
+        """
+        try:
+            r = self._send_to_api(
+                method="post",
+                endpoint="create",
+                json={"path": path, "overwrite": overwrite},
+            )
+            return r["handle"]
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_ALREADY_EXISTS":
+                raise FileExistsError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+
+    def _close_handle(self, handle):
+        """
+        Close a handle, which was opened by :func:`_create_handle`.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        handle: str
+            Which handle to close.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._send_to_api(method="post", endpoint="close", json={"handle": handle})
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                raise FileNotFoundError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+
+    def _add_data(self, handle, data):
+        """
+        Upload data to an already opened file handle
+        (opened by :func:`_create_handle`).
+        The maximal allowed data size is 1MB after
+        conversion to base64.
+        Remember to close the handle when you are finished.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        handle: str
+            Which handle to upload data to.
+        data: bytes
+            Block of data to add to the handle.
+        """
+        data = base64.b64encode(data).decode()
+        try:
+            self._send_to_api(
+                method="post",
+                endpoint="add-block",
+                json={"handle": handle, "data": data},
+            )
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                raise FileNotFoundError(e.message) from e
+            elif e.error_code == "MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_EXCEEDED":
+                raise ValueError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+
+    def _get_data(self, path, start, end):
+        """
+        Download data in bytes from a given absolute path in a block
+        from [start, start+length].
+        The maximum number of allowed bytes to read is 1MB.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Absolute path to download data from
+        start: int
+            Start position of the block
+        end: int
+            End position of the block
+        """
+        try:
+            r = self._send_to_api(
+                method="get",
+                endpoint="read",
+                json={"path": path, "offset": start, "length": end - start},
+            )
+            return base64.b64decode(r["data"])
+        except DatabricksException as e:
+            if e.error_code == "RESOURCE_DOES_NOT_EXIST":
+                raise FileNotFoundError(e.message) from e
+            elif e.error_code in ["INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE", "MAX_READ_SIZE_EXCEEDED"]:
+                raise ValueError(e.message) from e
+
+            raise
+
+    def invalidate_cache(self, path=None):
+        if path is None:
+            self.dircache.clear()
+        else:
+            self.dircache.pop(path, None)
+        super().invalidate_cache(path)
+
+
+class DatabricksFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    """
+    Helper class for files referenced in the DatabricksFileSystem.
+    """
+
+    DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE = 1 * 2**20  # only allowed block size
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size="default",
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Create a new instance of the DatabricksFile.
+
+        The blocksize needs to be the default one.
+        """
+        if block_size is None or block_size == "default":
+            block_size = self.DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE
+
+        if block_size != self.DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Only the default block size is allowed, not {block_size}"
+            )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            fs,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options or {},
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def _initiate_upload(self):
+        """Internal function to start a file upload"""
+        self.handle = self.fs._create_handle(self.path)
+
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        """Internal function to add a chunk of data to a started upload"""
+        self.buffer.seek(0)
+        data = self.buffer.getvalue()
+
+        data_chunks = [
+            data[start:end] for start, end in self._to_sized_blocks(len(data))
+        ]
+
+        for data_chunk in data_chunks:
+            self.fs._add_data(handle=self.handle, data=data_chunk)
+
+        if final:
+            self.fs._close_handle(handle=self.handle)
+            return True
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Internal function to download a block of data"""
+        return_buffer = b""
+        length = end - start
+        for chunk_start, chunk_end in self._to_sized_blocks(length, start):
+            return_buffer += self.fs._get_data(
+                path=self.path, start=chunk_start, end=chunk_end
+            )
+
+        return return_buffer
+
+    def _to_sized_blocks(self, length, start=0):
+        """Helper function to split a range from 0 to total_length into blocksizes"""
+        end = start + length
+        for data_chunk in range(start, end, self.blocksize):
+            data_start = data_chunk
+            data_end = min(end, data_chunk + self.blocksize)
+            yield data_start, data_end
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dirfs.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dirfs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65b9b5da1219eb3a2e642c6dfb7f508f629d4e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/dirfs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+from .. import filesystem
+from ..asyn import AsyncFileSystem
+from .chained import ChainedFileSystem
+
+
+class DirFileSystem(AsyncFileSystem, ChainedFileSystem):
+    """Directory prefix filesystem
+
+    The DirFileSystem is a filesystem-wrapper. It assumes every path it is dealing with
+    is relative to the `path`. After performing the necessary paths operation it
+    delegates everything to the wrapped filesystem.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "dir"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path=None,
+        fs=None,
+        fo=None,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        **storage_options,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Path to the directory.
+        fs: AbstractFileSystem
+            An instantiated filesystem to wrap.
+        target_protocol, target_options:
+            if fs is none, construct it from these
+        fo: str
+            Alternate for path; do not provide both
+        """
+        super().__init__(**storage_options)
+        if fs is None:
+            fs = filesystem(protocol=target_protocol, **(target_options or {}))
+        path = path or fo
+
+        if self.asynchronous and not fs.async_impl:
+            raise ValueError("can't use asynchronous with non-async fs")
+
+        if fs.async_impl and self.asynchronous != fs.asynchronous:
+            raise ValueError("both dirfs and fs should be in the same sync/async mode")
+
+        self.path = fs._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.fs = fs
+
+    def _join(self, path):
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            if not self.path:
+                return path
+            if not path:
+                return self.path
+            return self.fs.sep.join((self.path, self._strip_protocol(path)))
+        if isinstance(path, dict):
+            return {self._join(_path): value for _path, value in path.items()}
+        return [self._join(_path) for _path in path]
+
+    def _relpath(self, path):
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            if not self.path:
+                return path
+            # We need to account for S3FileSystem returning paths that do not
+            # start with a '/'
+            if path == self.path or (
+                self.path.startswith(self.fs.sep) and path == self.path[1:]
+            ):
+                return ""
+            prefix = self.path + self.fs.sep
+            if self.path.startswith(self.fs.sep) and not path.startswith(self.fs.sep):
+                prefix = prefix[1:]
+            assert path.startswith(prefix)
+            return path[len(prefix) :]
+        return [self._relpath(_path) for _path in path]
+
+    # Wrappers below
+
+    @property
+    def sep(self):
+        return self.fs.sep
+
+    async def set_session(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs.set_session(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _rm_file(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._rm_file(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+
+    def rm_file(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.rm_file(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+
+    async def _rm(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._rm(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def rm(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.rm(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def delete(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        return self.fs.delete(self._join(path), recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+
+    async def _cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._cp_file(self._join(path1), self._join(path2), **kwargs)
+
+    def cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.cp_file(self._join(path1), self._join(path2), **kwargs)
+
+    async def _copy(
+        self,
+        path1,
+        path2,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        return await self.fs._copy(
+            self._join(path1),
+            self._join(path2),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def copy(self, path1, path2, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.copy(
+            self._join(path1),
+            self._join(path2),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    async def _pipe(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._pipe(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def pipe(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.pipe(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _pipe_file(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._pipe_file(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.pipe_file(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def write_text(
+        self, path, value, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        return self.fs.write_text(
+            self._join(path),
+            value,
+            encoding=encoding,
+            errors=errors,
+            newline=newline,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    async def _cat_file(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._cat_file(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.cat_file(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _cat(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        ret = await self.fs._cat(
+            self._join(path),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+        if isinstance(ret, dict):
+            return {self._relpath(key): value for key, value in ret.items()}
+
+        return ret
+
+    def cat(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        ret = self.fs.cat(
+            self._join(path),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+        if isinstance(ret, dict):
+            return {self._relpath(key): value for key, value in ret.items()}
+
+        return ret
+
+    async def _put_file(self, lpath, rpath, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._put_file(lpath, self._join(rpath), **kwargs)
+
+    def put_file(self, lpath, rpath, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.put_file(lpath, self._join(rpath), **kwargs)
+
+    async def _put(
+        self,
+        lpath,
+        rpath,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        return await self.fs._put(
+            lpath,
+            self._join(rpath),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def put(self, lpath, rpath, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.put(
+            lpath,
+            self._join(rpath),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    async def _get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._get_file(self._join(rpath), lpath, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.get_file(self._join(rpath), lpath, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _get(self, rpath, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._get(self._join(rpath), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get(self, rpath, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.get(self._join(rpath), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _isfile(self, path):
+        return await self.fs._isfile(self._join(path))
+
+    def isfile(self, path):
+        return self.fs.isfile(self._join(path))
+
+    async def _isdir(self, path):
+        return await self.fs._isdir(self._join(path))
+
+    def isdir(self, path):
+        return self.fs.isdir(self._join(path))
+
+    async def _size(self, path):
+        return await self.fs._size(self._join(path))
+
+    def size(self, path):
+        return self.fs.size(self._join(path))
+
+    async def _exists(self, path):
+        return await self.fs._exists(self._join(path))
+
+    def exists(self, path):
+        return self.fs.exists(self._join(path))
+
+    async def _info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        info = await self.fs._info(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+        info = info.copy()
+        info["name"] = self._relpath(info["name"])
+        return info
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        info = self.fs.info(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+        info = info.copy()
+        info["name"] = self._relpath(info["name"])
+        return info
+
+    async def _ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        ret = (await self.fs._ls(self._join(path), detail=detail, **kwargs)).copy()
+        if detail:
+            out = []
+            for entry in ret:
+                entry = entry.copy()
+                entry["name"] = self._relpath(entry["name"])
+                out.append(entry)
+            return out
+
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        ret = self.fs.ls(self._join(path), detail=detail, **kwargs).copy()
+        if detail:
+            out = []
+            for entry in ret:
+                entry = entry.copy()
+                entry["name"] = self._relpath(entry["name"])
+                out.append(entry)
+            return out
+
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    async def _walk(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        async for root, dirs, files in self.fs._walk(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs):
+            yield self._relpath(root), dirs, files
+
+    def walk(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        for root, dirs, files in self.fs.walk(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs):
+            yield self._relpath(root), dirs, files
+
+    async def _glob(self, path, **kwargs):
+        detail = kwargs.get("detail", False)
+        ret = await self.fs._glob(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+        if detail:
+            return {self._relpath(path): info for path, info in ret.items()}
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    def glob(self, path, **kwargs):
+        detail = kwargs.get("detail", False)
+        ret = self.fs.glob(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+        if detail:
+            return {self._relpath(path): info for path, info in ret.items()}
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    async def _du(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        total = kwargs.get("total", True)
+        ret = await self.fs._du(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+        if total:
+            return ret
+
+        return {self._relpath(path): size for path, size in ret.items()}
+
+    def du(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        total = kwargs.get("total", True)
+        ret = self.fs.du(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+        if total:
+            return ret
+
+        return {self._relpath(path): size for path, size in ret.items()}
+
+    async def _find(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        detail = kwargs.get("detail", False)
+        ret = await self.fs._find(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+        if detail:
+            return {self._relpath(path): info for path, info in ret.items()}
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    def find(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        detail = kwargs.get("detail", False)
+        ret = self.fs.find(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+        if detail:
+            return {self._relpath(path): info for path, info in ret.items()}
+        return self._relpath(ret)
+
+    async def _expand_path(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self._relpath(
+            await self.fs._expand_path(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+        )
+
+    def expand_path(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self._relpath(self.fs.expand_path(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs))
+
+    async def _mkdir(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._mkdir(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.mkdir(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _makedirs(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.fs._makedirs(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.makedirs(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        return self.fs.rmdir(self._join(path))
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.mv(
+            self._join(path1),
+            self._join(path2),
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def touch(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.touch(self._join(path), **kwargs)
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        return self.fs.created(self._join(path))
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        return self.fs.modified(self._join(path))
+
+    def sign(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.fs.sign(self._join(path), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}(path='{self.path}', fs={self.fs})"
+
+    def open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        return self.fs.open(
+            self._join(path),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    async def open_async(
+        self,
+        path,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        return await self.fs.open_async(
+            self._join(path),
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/ftp.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/ftp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..053472e0474aa89200f37e0293b358fcc62d1dea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/ftp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+import os
+import ssl
+import uuid
+from ftplib import FTP, FTP_TLS, Error, error_perm
+from typing import Any
+
+from ..spec import AbstractBufferedFile, AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options, isfilelike
+
+SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP = {
+    "tls": ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS,
+    "tlsv1": ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1,
+    "tlsv1_1": ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1,
+    "tlsv1_2": ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2,
+    "sslv23": ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23,
+}
+
+
+class ImplicitFTPTLS(FTP_TLS):
+    """
+    FTP_TLS subclass that automatically wraps sockets in SSL
+    to support implicit FTPS.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._sock = None
+
+    @property
+    def sock(self):
+        """Return the socket."""
+        return self._sock
+
+    @sock.setter
+    def sock(self, value):
+        """When modifying the socket, ensure that it is ssl wrapped."""
+        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, ssl.SSLSocket):
+            value = self.context.wrap_socket(value)
+        self._sock = value
+
+
+class FTPFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """A filesystem over classic FTP"""
+
+    root_marker = "/"
+    cachable = False
+    protocol = "ftp"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=21,
+        username=None,
+        password=None,
+        acct=None,
+        block_size=None,
+        tempdir=None,
+        timeout=30,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+        tls=False,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        You can use _get_kwargs_from_urls to get some kwargs from
+        a reasonable FTP url.
+
+        Authentication will be anonymous if username/password are not
+        given.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        host: str
+            The remote server name/ip to connect to
+        port: int
+            Port to connect with
+        username: str or None
+            If authenticating, the user's identifier
+        password: str of None
+            User's password on the server, if using
+        acct: str or None
+            Some servers also need an "account" string for auth
+        block_size: int or None
+            If given, the read-ahead or write buffer size.
+        tempdir: str
+            Directory on remote to put temporary files when in a transaction
+        timeout: int
+            Timeout of the ftp connection in seconds
+        encoding: str
+            Encoding to use for directories and filenames in FTP connection
+        tls: bool or str
+            Enable FTP-TLS for secure connections:
+                - False: Plain FTP (default)
+                - True: Explicit TLS (FTPS with AUTH TLS command)
+                - "tls": Auto-negotiate highest protocol
+                - "tlsv1": TLS v1.0
+                - "tlsv1_1": TLS v1.1
+                - "tlsv1_2": TLS v1.2
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.tempdir = tempdir or "/tmp"
+        self.cred = username or "", password or "", acct or ""
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        if block_size is not None:
+            self.blocksize = block_size
+        else:
+            self.blocksize = 2**16
+        self.tls = tls
+        self._connect()
+        if isinstance(self.tls, bool) and self.tls:
+            self.ftp.prot_p()
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        security = None
+        if self.tls:
+            if isinstance(self.tls, str):
+                ftp_cls = ImplicitFTPTLS
+                security = SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP.get(
+                    self.tls,
+                    f"Not supported {self.tls} protocol",
+                )
+                if isinstance(security, str):
+                    raise ValueError(security)
+            else:
+                ftp_cls = FTP_TLS
+        else:
+            ftp_cls = FTP
+        self.ftp = ftp_cls(timeout=self.timeout, encoding=self.encoding)
+        if security:
+            self.ftp.ssl_version = security
+        self.ftp.connect(self.host, self.port)
+        self.ftp.login(*self.cred)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        return "/" + infer_storage_options(path)["path"].lstrip("/").rstrip("/")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(urlpath):
+        out = infer_storage_options(urlpath)
+        out.pop("path", None)
+        out.pop("protocol", None)
+        return out
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        out = []
+        if path not in self.dircache:
+            try:
+                try:
+                    out = [
+                        (fn, details)
+                        for (fn, details) in self.ftp.mlsd(path)
+                        if fn not in [".", ".."]
+                        and details["type"] not in ["pdir", "cdir"]
+                    ]
+                except error_perm:
+                    out = _mlsd2(self.ftp, path)  # Not platform independent
+                for fn, details in out:
+                    details["name"] = "/".join(
+                        ["" if path == "/" else path, fn.lstrip("/")]
+                    )
+                    if details["type"] == "file":
+                        details["size"] = int(details["size"])
+                    else:
+                        details["size"] = 0
+                    if details["type"] == "dir":
+                        details["type"] = "directory"
+                self.dircache[path] = out
+            except Error:
+                try:
+                    info = self.info(path)
+                    if info["type"] == "file":
+                        out = [(path, info)]
+                except (Error, IndexError) as exc:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(path) from exc
+        files = self.dircache.get(path, out)
+        if not detail:
+            return sorted([fn for fn, details in files])
+        return [details for fn, details in files]
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        # implement with direct method
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path == "/":
+            # special case, since this dir has no real entry
+            return {"name": "/", "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+        files = self.ls(self._parent(path).lstrip("/"), True)
+        try:
+            out = next(f for f in files if f["name"] == path)
+        except StopIteration as exc:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from exc
+        return out
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        if self.isdir(rpath):
+            if not os.path.exists(lpath):
+                os.mkdir(lpath)
+            return
+        if isfilelike(lpath):
+            outfile = lpath
+        else:
+            outfile = open(lpath, "wb")
+
+        def cb(x):
+            outfile.write(x)
+
+        self.ftp.retrbinary(
+            f"RETR {rpath}",
+            blocksize=self.blocksize,
+            callback=cb,
+        )
+        if not isfilelike(lpath):
+            outfile.close()
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        if end is not None:
+            return super().cat_file(path, start, end, **kwargs)
+        out = []
+
+        def cb(x):
+            out.append(x)
+
+        try:
+            self.ftp.retrbinary(
+                f"RETR {path}",
+                blocksize=self.blocksize,
+                rest=start,
+                callback=cb,
+            )
+        except (Error, error_perm) as orig_exc:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from orig_exc
+        return b"".join(out)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        cache_options=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        block_size = block_size or self.blocksize
+        return FTPFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            tempdir=self.tempdir,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+        )
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.ftp.delete(path)
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path))
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        paths = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+        for p in reversed(paths):
+            if self.isfile(p):
+                self.rm_file(p)
+            else:
+                self.rmdir(p)
+
+    def mkdir(self, path: str, create_parents: bool = True, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        parent = self._parent(path)
+        if parent != self.root_marker and not self.exists(parent) and create_parents:
+            self.mkdir(parent, create_parents=create_parents)
+
+        self.ftp.mkd(path)
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path))
+
+    def makedirs(self, path: str, exist_ok: bool = False) -> None:
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self.exists(path):
+            # NB: "/" does not "exist" as it has no directory entry
+            if not exist_ok:
+                raise FileExistsError(f"{path} exists without `exist_ok`")
+            # exists_ok=True -> no-op
+        else:
+            self.mkdir(path, create_parents=True)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.ftp.rmd(path)
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path))
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1)
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2)
+        self.ftp.rename(path1, path2)
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path1))
+        self.invalidate_cache(self._parent(path2))
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        self.ftp.close()
+
+    def invalidate_cache(self, path=None):
+        if path is None:
+            self.dircache.clear()
+        else:
+            self.dircache.pop(path, None)
+        super().invalidate_cache(path)
+
+
+class TransferDone(Exception):
+    """Internal exception to break out of transfer"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class FTPFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    """Interact with a remote FTP file with read/write buffering"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size="default",
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            fs,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+        if not autocommit:
+            self.target = self.path
+            self.path = "/".join([kwargs["tempdir"], str(uuid.uuid4())])
+
+    def commit(self):
+        self.fs.mv(self.path, self.target)
+
+    def discard(self):
+        self.fs.rm(self.path)
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Get bytes between given byte limits
+
+        Implemented by raising an exception in the fetch callback when the
+        number of bytes received reaches the requested amount.
+
+        Will fail if the server does not respect the REST command on
+        retrieve requests.
+        """
+        out = []
+        total = [0]
+
+        def callback(x):
+            total[0] += len(x)
+            if total[0] > end - start:
+                out.append(x[: (end - start) - total[0]])
+                if end < self.size:
+                    raise TransferDone
+            else:
+                out.append(x)
+
+            if total[0] == end - start and end < self.size:
+                raise TransferDone
+
+        try:
+            self.fs.ftp.retrbinary(
+                f"RETR {self.path}",
+                blocksize=self.blocksize,
+                rest=start,
+                callback=callback,
+            )
+        except TransferDone:
+            try:
+                # stop transfer, we got enough bytes for this block
+                self.fs.ftp.abort()
+                self.fs.ftp.getmultiline()
+            except Error:
+                self.fs._connect()
+
+        return b"".join(out)
+
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        self.buffer.seek(0)
+        self.fs.ftp.storbinary(
+            f"STOR {self.path}", self.buffer, blocksize=self.blocksize, rest=self.offset
+        )
+        return True
+
+
+def _mlsd2(ftp, path="."):
+    """
+    Fall back to using `dir` instead of `mlsd` if not supported.
+
+    This parses a Linux style `ls -l` response to `dir`, but the response may
+    be platform dependent.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ftp: ftplib.FTP
+    path: str
+        Expects to be given path, but defaults to ".".
+    """
+    lines = []
+    minfo = []
+    ftp.dir(path, lines.append)
+    for line in lines:
+        split_line = line.split(maxsplit=8)
+        if len(split_line) < 9:
+            continue
+        name = split_line[8]
+        unix_mode = split_line[0]
+        if unix_mode[0] == "l" and " -> " in name:
+            # Symbolic link: "<name> -> <target>"; keep only the link name.
+            name = name.split(" -> ", 1)[0]
+        this = (
+            name,
+            {
+                "modify": " ".join(split_line[5:8]),
+                "unix.owner": split_line[2],
+                "unix.group": split_line[3],
+                "unix.mode": unix_mode,
+                "size": split_line[4],
+            },
+        )
+        if this[1]["unix.mode"][0] == "d":
+            this[1]["type"] = "dir"
+        else:
+            this[1]["type"] = "file"
+        minfo.append(this)
+    return minfo
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/gist.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/gist.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad9ac0b6a1cdbcfba6188e2cdeab2350bb9aad0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/gist.py
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+import requests
+
+from ..spec import AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options
+from .memory import MemoryFile
+
+
+class GistFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """
+    Interface to files in a single GitHub Gist.
+
+    Provides read-only access to a gist's files. Gists do not contain
+    subdirectories, so file listing is straightforward.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    gist_id: str
+        The ID of the gist you want to access (the long hex value from the URL).
+    filenames: list[str] (optional)
+        If provided, only make a file system representing these files, and do not fetch
+        the list of all files for this gist.
+    sha: str (optional)
+        If provided, fetch a particular revision of the gist. If omitted,
+        the latest revision is used.
+    username: str (optional)
+        GitHub username for authentication.
+    token: str (optional)
+        GitHub personal access token (required if username is given), or.
+    timeout: (float, float) or float, optional
+        Connect and read timeouts for requests (default 60s each).
+    kwargs: dict
+        Stored on `self.request_kw` and passed to `requests.get` when fetching Gist
+        metadata or reading ("opening") a file.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "gist"
+    gist_url = "https://api.github.com/gists/{gist_id}"
+    gist_rev_url = "https://api.github.com/gists/{gist_id}/{sha}"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        gist_id,
+        filenames=None,
+        sha=None,
+        username=None,
+        token=None,
+        timeout=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.gist_id = gist_id
+        self.filenames = filenames
+        self.sha = sha  # revision of the gist (optional)
+        if username is not None and token is None:
+            raise ValueError("User auth requires a token")
+        self.username = username
+        self.token = token
+        self.request_kw = kwargs
+        # Default timeouts to 60s connect/read if none provided
+        self.timeout = timeout if timeout is not None else (60, 60)
+
+        # We use a single-level "directory" cache, because a gist is essentially flat
+        self.dircache[""] = self._fetch_file_list()
+
+    @property
+    def kw(self):
+        """Auth parameters passed to 'requests' if we have username/token."""
+        kw = {
+            "headers": {
+                "Accept": "application/vnd.github+json",
+                "X-GitHub-Api-Version": "2022-11-28",
+            }
+        }
+        kw.update(self.request_kw)
+        if self.username and self.token:
+            kw["auth"] = (self.username, self.token)
+        elif self.token:
+            kw["headers"]["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {self.token}"
+        return kw
+
+    def _fetch_gist_metadata(self):
+        """
+        Fetch the JSON metadata for this gist (possibly for a specific revision).
+        """
+        if self.sha:
+            url = self.gist_rev_url.format(gist_id=self.gist_id, sha=self.sha)
+        else:
+            url = self.gist_url.format(gist_id=self.gist_id)
+
+        r = requests.get(url, timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw)
+        if r.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(
+                f"Gist not found: {self.gist_id}@{self.sha or 'latest'}"
+            )
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        return r.json()
+
+    def _fetch_file_list(self):
+        """
+        Returns a list of dicts describing each file in the gist. These get stored
+        in self.dircache[""].
+        """
+        meta = self._fetch_gist_metadata()
+        if self.filenames:
+            available_files = meta.get("files", {})
+            files = {}
+            for fn in self.filenames:
+                if fn not in available_files:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(fn)
+                files[fn] = available_files[fn]
+        else:
+            files = meta.get("files", {})
+
+        out = []
+        for fname, finfo in files.items():
+            if finfo is None:
+                # Occasionally GitHub returns a file entry with null if it was deleted
+                continue
+            # Build a directory entry
+            out.append(
+                {
+                    "name": fname,  # file's name
+                    "type": "file",  # gists have no subdirectories
+                    "size": finfo.get("size", 0),  # file size in bytes
+                    "raw_url": finfo.get("raw_url"),
+                }
+            )
+        return out
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        """
+        Remove 'gist://' from the path, if present.
+        """
+        # The default infer_storage_options can handle gist://username:token@id/file
+        # or gist://id/file, but let's ensure we handle a normal usage too.
+        # We'll just strip the protocol prefix if it exists.
+        path = infer_storage_options(path).get("path", path)
+        return path.lstrip("/")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        """
+        Parse 'gist://' style URLs into GistFileSystem constructor kwargs.
+        For example:
+          gist://:TOKEN@<gist_id>/file.txt
+          gist://username:TOKEN@<gist_id>/file.txt
+        """
+        so = infer_storage_options(path)
+        out = {}
+        if "username" in so and so["username"]:
+            out["username"] = so["username"]
+        if "password" in so and so["password"]:
+            out["token"] = so["password"]
+        if "host" in so and so["host"]:
+            # We interpret 'host' as the gist ID
+            out["gist_id"] = so["host"]
+
+        # Extract SHA and filename from path
+        if "path" in so and so["path"]:
+            path_parts = so["path"].rsplit("/", 2)[-2:]
+            if len(path_parts) == 2:
+                if path_parts[0]:  # SHA present
+                    out["sha"] = path_parts[0]
+                if path_parts[1]:  # filename also present
+                    out["filenames"] = [path_parts[1]]
+
+        return out
+
+    def ls(self, path="", detail=False, **kwargs):
+        """
+        List files in the gist. Gists are single-level, so any 'path' is basically
+        the filename, or empty for all files.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str, optional
+            The filename to list. If empty, returns all files in the gist.
+        detail : bool, default False
+            If True, return a list of dicts; if False, return a list of filenames.
+        """
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path or "")
+        # If path is empty, return all
+        if path == "":
+            results = self.dircache[""]
+        else:
+            # We want just the single file with this name
+            all_files = self.dircache[""]
+            results = [f for f in all_files if f["name"] == path]
+            if not results:
+                raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        if detail:
+            return results
+        else:
+            return sorted(f["name"] for f in results)
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Read a single file from the gist.
+        """
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError("GitHub Gist FS is read-only (no write).")
+
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        # Find the file entry in our dircache
+        matches = [f for f in self.dircache[""] if f["name"] == path]
+        if not matches:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        finfo = matches[0]
+
+        raw_url = finfo.get("raw_url")
+        if not raw_url:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"No raw_url for file: {path}")
+
+        r = requests.get(raw_url, timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw)
+        if r.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        return MemoryFile(path, None, r.content)
+
+    def cat(self, path, recursive=False, on_error="raise", **kwargs):
+        """
+        Return {path: contents} for the given file or files. If 'recursive' is True,
+        and path is empty, returns all files in the gist.
+        """
+        paths = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive)
+        out = {}
+        for p in paths:
+            try:
+                with self.open(p, "rb") as f:
+                    out[p] = f.read()
+            except FileNotFoundError as e:
+                if on_error == "raise":
+                    raise e
+                elif on_error == "omit":
+                    pass  # skip
+                else:
+                    out[p] = e
+        if len(paths) == 1 and paths[0] == path:
+            return out[path]
+        return out
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/git.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/git.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..808d293a1c991ea87d19a2129f3e56d9b813daaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/git.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import os
+
+import pygit2
+
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractFileSystem
+
+from .memory import MemoryFile
+
+
+class GitFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Browse the files of a local git repo at any hash/tag/branch
+
+    (experimental backend)
+    """
+
+    root_marker = ""
+    cachable = True
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, fo=None, ref=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str (optional)
+            Local location of the repo (uses current directory if not given).
+            May be deprecated in favour of ``fo``. When used with a higher
+            level function such as fsspec.open(), may be of the form
+            "git://[path-to-repo[:]][ref@]path/to/file" (but the actual
+            file path should not contain "@" or ":").
+        fo: str (optional)
+            Same as ``path``, but passed as part of a chained URL. This one
+            takes precedence if both are given.
+        ref: str (optional)
+            Reference to work with, could be a hash, tag or branch name. Defaults
+            to current working tree. Note that ``ls`` and ``open`` also take hash,
+            so this becomes the default for those operations
+        kwargs
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.repo = pygit2.Repository(fo or path or os.getcwd())
+        self.ref = ref or "master"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        path = super()._strip_protocol(path).lstrip("/")
+        if ":" in path:
+            path = path.split(":", 1)[1]
+        if "@" in path:
+            path = path.split("@", 1)[1]
+        return path.lstrip("/")
+
+    def _path_to_object(self, path, ref):
+        comm, ref = self.repo.resolve_refish(ref or self.ref)
+        parts = path.split("/")
+        tree = comm.tree
+        for part in parts:
+            if part and isinstance(tree, pygit2.Tree):
+                if part not in tree:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+                tree = tree[part]
+        return tree
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        path = path.removeprefix("git://")
+        out = {}
+        if ":" in path:
+            out["path"], path = path.split(":", 1)
+        if "@" in path:
+            out["ref"], path = path.split("@", 1)
+        return out
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _object_to_info(obj, path=None):
+        # obj.name and obj.filemode are None for the root tree!
+        is_dir = isinstance(obj, pygit2.Tree)
+        return {
+            "type": "directory" if is_dir else "file",
+            "name": (
+                "/".join([path, obj.name or ""]).lstrip("/") if path else obj.name
+            ),
+            "hex": str(obj.id),
+            "mode": "100644" if obj.filemode is None else f"{obj.filemode:o}",
+            "size": 0 if is_dir else obj.size,
+        }
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, ref=None, **kwargs):
+        tree = self._path_to_object(self._strip_protocol(path), ref)
+        return [
+            GitFileSystem._object_to_info(obj, path)
+            if detail
+            else GitFileSystem._object_to_info(obj, path)["name"]
+            for obj in (tree if isinstance(tree, pygit2.Tree) else [tree])
+        ]
+
+    def info(self, path, ref=None, **kwargs):
+        tree = self._path_to_object(self._strip_protocol(path), ref)
+        return GitFileSystem._object_to_info(tree, path)
+
+    def ukey(self, path, ref=None):
+        return self.info(path, ref=ref)["hex"]
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        ref=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        obj = self._path_to_object(path, ref or self.ref)
+        return MemoryFile(data=obj.data)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/github.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/github.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3630f6db54413e2c396f6cc1b6b10cd379200043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/github.py
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+import base64
+import re
+
+import requests
+
+from ..spec import AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options
+from .memory import MemoryFile
+
+
+class GithubFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Interface to files in github
+
+    An instance of this class provides the files residing within a remote github
+    repository. You may specify a point in the repos history, by SHA, branch
+    or tag (default is current master).
+
+    For files less than 1 MB in size, file content is returned directly in a
+    MemoryFile. For larger files, or for files tracked by git-lfs, file content
+    is returned as an HTTPFile wrapping the ``download_url`` provided by the
+    GitHub API.
+
+    When using fsspec.open, allows URIs of the form:
+
+    - "github://path/file", in which case you must specify org, repo and
+      may specify sha in the extra args
+    - 'github://org:repo@/precip/catalog.yml', where the org and repo are
+      part of the URI
+    - 'github://org:repo@sha/precip/catalog.yml', where the sha is also included
+
+    ``sha`` can be the full or abbreviated hex of the commit you want to fetch
+    from, or a branch or tag name (so long as it doesn't contain special characters
+    like "/", "?", which would have to be HTTP-encoded).
+
+    For authorised access, you must provide username and token, which can be made
+    at https://github.com/settings/tokens
+    """
+
+    url = "https://api.github.com/repos/{org}/{repo}/git/trees/{sha}"
+    content_url = "https://api.github.com/repos/{org}/{repo}/contents/{path}?ref={sha}"
+    protocol = "github"
+    timeout = (60, 60)  # connect, read timeouts
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, org, repo, sha=None, username=None, token=None, timeout=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.org = org
+        self.repo = repo
+        if (username is None) ^ (token is None):
+            raise ValueError("Auth required both username and token")
+        self.username = username
+        self.token = token
+        if timeout is not None:
+            self.timeout = timeout
+        if sha is None:
+            # look up default branch (not necessarily "master")
+            u = "https://api.github.com/repos/{org}/{repo}"
+            r = requests.get(
+                u.format(org=org, repo=repo), timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw
+            )
+            r.raise_for_status()
+            sha = r.json()["default_branch"]
+
+        self.root = sha
+        self.ls("")
+        try:
+            from .http import HTTPFileSystem
+
+            self.http_fs = HTTPFileSystem(**kwargs)
+        except ImportError:
+            self.http_fs = None
+
+    @property
+    def kw(self):
+        if self.username:
+            return {"auth": (self.username, self.token)}
+        return {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def repos(cls, org_or_user, is_org=True):
+        """List repo names for given org or user
+
+        This may become the top level of the FS
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        org_or_user: str
+            Name of the github org or user to query
+        is_org: bool (default True)
+            Whether the name is an organisation (True) or user (False)
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        List of string
+        """
+        r = requests.get(
+            f"https://api.github.com/{['users', 'orgs'][is_org]}/{org_or_user}/repos",
+            timeout=cls.timeout,
+        )
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        return [repo["name"] for repo in r.json()]
+
+    @property
+    def tags(self):
+        """Names of tags in the repo"""
+        r = requests.get(
+            f"https://api.github.com/repos/{self.org}/{self.repo}/tags",
+            timeout=self.timeout,
+            **self.kw,
+        )
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        return [t["name"] for t in r.json()]
+
+    @property
+    def branches(self):
+        """Names of branches in the repo"""
+        r = requests.get(
+            f"https://api.github.com/repos/{self.org}/{self.repo}/branches",
+            timeout=self.timeout,
+            **self.kw,
+        )
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        return [t["name"] for t in r.json()]
+
+    @property
+    def refs(self):
+        """Named references, tags and branches"""
+        return {"tags": self.tags, "branches": self.branches}
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=False, sha=None, _sha=None, **kwargs):
+        """List files at given path
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Location to list, relative to repo root
+        detail: bool
+            If True, returns list of dicts, one per file; if False, returns
+            list of full filenames only
+        sha: str (optional)
+            List at the given point in the repo history, branch or tag name or commit
+            SHA
+        _sha: str (optional)
+            List this specific tree object (used internally to descend into trees)
+        """
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path == "":
+            _sha = sha or self.root
+        if _sha is None:
+            parts = path.rstrip("/").split("/")
+            so_far = ""
+            _sha = sha or self.root
+            for part in parts:
+                out = self.ls(so_far, True, sha=sha, _sha=_sha)
+                so_far += "/" + part if so_far else part
+                out = [o for o in out if o["name"] == so_far]
+                if not out:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+                out = out[0]
+                if out["type"] == "file":
+                    if detail:
+                        return [out]
+                    else:
+                        return path
+                _sha = out["sha"]
+        if path not in self.dircache or sha not in [self.root, None]:
+            r = requests.get(
+                self.url.format(org=self.org, repo=self.repo, sha=_sha),
+                timeout=self.timeout,
+                **self.kw,
+            )
+            if r.status_code == 404:
+                raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+            r.raise_for_status()
+            types = {"blob": "file", "tree": "directory"}
+            out = [
+                {
+                    "name": path + "/" + f["path"] if path else f["path"],
+                    "mode": f["mode"],
+                    "type": types[f["type"]],
+                    "size": f.get("size", 0),
+                    "sha": f["sha"],
+                }
+                for f in r.json()["tree"]
+                if f["type"] in types
+            ]
+            if sha in [self.root, None]:
+                self.dircache[path] = out
+        else:
+            out = self.dircache[path]
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return sorted([f["name"] for f in out])
+
+    def invalidate_cache(self, path=None):
+        self.dircache.clear()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        opts = infer_storage_options(path)
+        if "username" not in opts:
+            return super()._strip_protocol(path)
+        return opts["path"].lstrip("/")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        opts = infer_storage_options(path)
+        if "username" not in opts:
+            return {}
+        out = {"org": opts["username"], "repo": opts["password"]}
+        if opts["host"]:
+            out["sha"] = opts["host"]
+        return out
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        cache_options=None,
+        sha=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        # construct a url to hit the GitHub API's repo contents API
+        url = self.content_url.format(
+            org=self.org, repo=self.repo, path=path, sha=sha or self.root
+        )
+
+        # make a request to this API, and parse the response as JSON
+        r = requests.get(url, timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw)
+        if r.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        content_json = r.json()
+
+        # if the response's content key is not empty, try to parse it as base64
+        if content_json["content"]:
+            content = base64.b64decode(content_json["content"])
+
+            # as long as the content does not start with the string
+            # "version https://git-lfs.github.com/"
+            # then it is probably not a git-lfs pointer and we can just return
+            # the content directly
+            if not content.startswith(b"version https://git-lfs.github.com/"):
+                return MemoryFile(None, None, content)
+
+        # we land here if the content was not present in the first response
+        # (regular file over 1MB or git-lfs tracked file)
+        # in this case, we get let the HTTPFileSystem handle the download
+        if self.http_fs is None:
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Please install fsspec[http] to access github files >1 MB "
+                "or git-lfs tracked files."
+            )
+        return self.http_fs.open(
+            content_json["download_url"],
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, message=None):
+        path = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+        for p in reversed(path):
+            self.rm_file(p, message=message)
+
+    def rm_file(self, path, message=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Remove a file from a specified branch using a given commit message.
+
+        Since Github DELETE operation requires a branch name, and we can't reliably
+        determine whether the provided SHA refers to a branch, tag, or commit, we
+        assume it's a branch. If it's not, the user will encounter an error when
+        attempting to retrieve the file SHA or delete the file.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            The file's location relative to the repository root.
+        message: str, optional
+            The commit message for the deletion.
+        """
+
+        if not self.username:
+            raise ValueError("Authentication required")
+
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+
+        # Attempt to get SHA from cache or Github API
+        sha = self._get_sha_from_cache(path)
+        if not sha:
+            url = self.content_url.format(
+                org=self.org, repo=self.repo, path=path.lstrip("/"), sha=self.root
+            )
+            r = requests.get(url, timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw)
+            if r.status_code == 404:
+                raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+            r.raise_for_status()
+            sha = r.json()["sha"]
+
+        # Delete the file
+        delete_url = self.content_url.format(
+            org=self.org, repo=self.repo, path=path, sha=self.root
+        )
+        branch = self.root
+        data = {
+            "message": message or f"Delete {path}",
+            "sha": sha,
+            **({"branch": branch} if branch else {}),
+        }
+
+        r = requests.delete(delete_url, json=data, timeout=self.timeout, **self.kw)
+        error_message = r.json().get("message", "")
+        if re.search(r"Branch .+ not found", error_message):
+            error = "Remove only works when the filesystem is initialised from a branch or default (None)"
+            raise ValueError(error)
+        r.raise_for_status()
+
+        self.invalidate_cache(path)
+
+    def _get_sha_from_cache(self, path):
+        for entries in self.dircache.values():
+            for entry in entries:
+                entry_path = entry.get("name")
+                if entry_path and entry_path == path and "sha" in entry:
+                    return entry["sha"]
+        return None
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aff1a955c27091229513b988627de9e806dca8c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,902 @@
+import asyncio
+import io
+import logging
+import re
+import weakref
+from copy import copy
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+import aiohttp
+import yarl
+
+from fsspec.asyn import AbstractAsyncStreamedFile, AsyncFileSystem, sync, sync_wrapper
+from fsspec.callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from fsspec.exceptions import FSTimeoutError
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+from fsspec.utils import (
+    DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE,
+    glob_translate,
+    isfilelike,
+    nullcontext,
+    tokenize,
+)
+
+from ..caching import AllBytes
+
+# https://stackoverflow.com/a/15926317/3821154
+ex = re.compile(r"""<(a|A)\s+(?:[^>]*?\s+)?(href|HREF)=["'](?P<url>[^"']+)""")
+ex2 = re.compile(r"""(?P<url>http[s]?://[-a-zA-Z0-9@:%_+.~#?&/=]+)""")
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.http")
+
+
+async def get_client(**kwargs):
+    return aiohttp.ClientSession(**kwargs)
+
+
+class HTTPFileSystem(AsyncFileSystem):
+    """
+    Simple File-System for fetching data via HTTP(S)
+
+    ``ls()`` is implemented by loading the parent page and doing a regex
+    match on the result. If simple_link=True, anything of the form
+    "http(s)://server.com/stuff?thing=other"; otherwise only links within
+    HTML href tags will be used.
+
+    URLs are passed unfiltered to aiohttp, so all addresses are accessible. Where URLs are
+    supplied by a user, the calling application may wish to filter to prevent scanning.
+    """
+
+    protocol = ("http", "https")
+    sep = "/"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        simple_links=True,
+        block_size=None,
+        same_scheme=True,
+        size_policy=None,
+        cache_type="bytes",
+        cache_options=None,
+        asynchronous=False,
+        loop=None,
+        client_kwargs=None,
+        get_client=get_client,
+        encoded=False,
+        **storage_options,
+    ):
+        """
+        NB: if this is called async, you must await set_client
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        block_size: int
+            Blocks to read bytes; if 0, will default to raw requests file-like
+            objects instead of HTTPFile instances
+        simple_links: bool
+            If True, will consider both HTML <a> tags and anything that looks
+            like a URL; if False, will consider only the former.
+        same_scheme: True
+            When doing ls/glob, if this is True, only consider paths that have
+            http/https matching the input URLs.
+        size_policy: this argument is deprecated
+        client_kwargs: dict
+            Passed to aiohttp.ClientSession, see
+            https://docs.aiohttp.org/en/stable/client_reference.html
+            For example, ``{'auth': aiohttp.BasicAuth('user', 'pass')}``
+        get_client: Callable[..., aiohttp.ClientSession]
+            A callable, which takes keyword arguments and constructs
+            an aiohttp.ClientSession. Its state will be managed by
+            the HTTPFileSystem class.
+        storage_options: key-value
+            Any other parameters passed on to requests
+        cache_type, cache_options: defaults used in open()
+        """
+        super().__init__(self, asynchronous=asynchronous, loop=loop, **storage_options)
+        self.block_size = block_size if block_size is not None else DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE
+        self.simple_links = simple_links
+        self.same_schema = same_scheme
+        self.cache_type = cache_type
+        self.cache_options = cache_options
+        self.client_kwargs = client_kwargs or {}
+        self.get_client = get_client
+        self.encoded = encoded
+        self.kwargs = storage_options
+        self._session = None
+
+        # Clean caching-related parameters from `storage_options`
+        # before propagating them as `request_options` through `self.kwargs`.
+        # TODO: Maybe rename `self.kwargs` to `self.request_options` to make
+        #       it clearer.
+        request_options = copy(storage_options)
+        self.use_listings_cache = request_options.pop("use_listings_cache", False)
+        request_options.pop("listings_expiry_time", None)
+        request_options.pop("max_paths", None)
+        request_options.pop("skip_instance_cache", None)
+        self.kwargs = request_options
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return "http"
+
+    def encode_url(self, url):
+        return yarl.URL(url, encoded=self.encoded)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def close_session(loop, session):
+        if loop is not None and loop.is_running():
+            try:
+                sync(loop, session.close, timeout=0.1)
+                return
+            except (TimeoutError, FSTimeoutError, NotImplementedError):
+                pass
+        connector = getattr(session, "_connector", None)
+        if connector is not None:
+            # close after loop is dead
+            connector._close()
+
+    async def set_session(self):
+        if self._session is None:
+            self._session = await self.get_client(loop=self.loop, **self.client_kwargs)
+            if not self.asynchronous:
+                weakref.finalize(self, self.close_session, self.loop, self._session)
+        return self._session
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        """For HTTP, we always want to keep the full URL"""
+        return path
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parent(cls, path):
+        # override, since _strip_protocol is different for URLs
+        par = super()._parent(path)
+        if len(par) > 7:  # "http://..."
+            return par
+        return ""
+
+    async def _ls_real(self, url, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        # ignoring URL-encoded arguments
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(url)
+        session = await self.set_session()
+        async with session.get(self.encode_url(url), **self.kwargs) as r:
+            self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+
+            if "Content-Type" in r.headers:
+                mimetype = r.headers["Content-Type"].partition(";")[0]
+            else:
+                mimetype = None
+
+            if mimetype in ("text/html", None):
+                try:
+                    text = await r.text(errors="ignore")
+                    if self.simple_links:
+                        links = ex2.findall(text) + [u[2] for u in ex.findall(text)]
+                    else:
+                        links = [u[2] for u in ex.findall(text)]
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    links = []  # binary, not HTML
+            else:
+                links = []
+
+        out = set()
+        parts = urlparse(url)
+        for l in links:
+            if isinstance(l, tuple):
+                l = l[1]
+            if l.startswith("/") and len(l) > 1:
+                # absolute URL on this server
+                l = f"{parts.scheme}://{parts.netloc}{l}"
+            if l.startswith("http"):
+                if self.same_schema and l.startswith(url.rstrip("/") + "/"):
+                    out.add(l)
+                elif l.replace("https", "http").startswith(
+                    url.replace("https", "http").rstrip("/") + "/"
+                ):
+                    # allowed to cross http <-> https
+                    out.add(l)
+            else:
+                if l not in ["..", "../"]:
+                    # Ignore FTP-like "parent"
+                    out.add("/".join([url.rstrip("/"), l.lstrip("/")]))
+        if not out and url.endswith("/"):
+            out = await self._ls_real(url.rstrip("/"), detail=False)
+        if detail:
+            return [
+                {
+                    "name": u,
+                    "size": None,
+                    "type": "directory" if u.endswith("/") else "file",
+                }
+                for u in out
+            ]
+        else:
+            return sorted(out)
+
+    async def _ls(self, url, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        if self.use_listings_cache and url in self.dircache:
+            out = self.dircache[url]
+        else:
+            out = await self._ls_real(url, detail=detail, **kwargs)
+            self.dircache[url] = out
+        return out
+
+    ls = sync_wrapper(_ls)
+
+    def _raise_not_found_for_status(self, response, url):
+        """
+        Raises FileNotFoundError for 404s, otherwise uses raise_for_status.
+        """
+        if response.status == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(url)
+        response.raise_for_status()
+
+    async def _cat_file(self, url, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(url)
+
+        if start is not None or end is not None:
+            if start == end:
+                return b""
+            headers = kw.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+
+            headers["Range"] = await self._process_limits(url, start, end)
+            kw["headers"] = headers
+        session = await self.set_session()
+        async with session.get(self.encode_url(url), **kw) as r:
+            out = await r.read()
+            self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+        return out
+
+    async def _get_file(
+        self, rpath, lpath, chunk_size=5 * 2**20, callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK, **kwargs
+    ):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(rpath)
+        session = await self.set_session()
+        async with session.get(self.encode_url(rpath), **kw) as r:
+            try:
+                size = int(r.headers["content-length"])
+            except (ValueError, KeyError):
+                size = None
+
+            callback.set_size(size)
+            self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, rpath)
+            if isfilelike(lpath):
+                outfile = lpath
+            else:
+                outfile = open(lpath, "wb")  # noqa: ASYNC230
+
+            try:
+                chunk = True
+                while chunk:
+                    chunk = await r.content.read(chunk_size)
+                    outfile.write(chunk)
+                    callback.relative_update(len(chunk))
+            finally:
+                if not isfilelike(lpath):
+                    outfile.close()
+
+    async def _put_file(
+        self,
+        lpath,
+        rpath,
+        chunk_size=5 * 2**20,
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        method="post",
+        mode="overwrite",
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if mode != "overwrite":
+            raise NotImplementedError("Exclusive write")
+
+        async def gen_chunks():
+            # Support passing arbitrary file-like objects
+            # and use them instead of streams.
+            if isinstance(lpath, io.IOBase):
+                context = nullcontext(lpath)
+                use_seek = False  # might not support seeking
+            else:
+                context = open(lpath, "rb")  # noqa: ASYNC230
+                use_seek = True
+
+            with context as f:
+                if use_seek:
+                    callback.set_size(f.seek(0, 2))
+                    f.seek(0)
+                else:
+                    callback.set_size(getattr(f, "size", None))
+
+                chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
+                while chunk:
+                    yield chunk
+                    callback.relative_update(len(chunk))
+                    chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
+
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        session = await self.set_session()
+
+        method = method.lower()
+        if method not in ("post", "put"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"method has to be either 'post' or 'put', not: {method!r}"
+            )
+
+        meth = getattr(session, method)
+        async with meth(self.encode_url(rpath), data=gen_chunks(), **kw) as resp:
+            self._raise_not_found_for_status(resp, rpath)
+
+    async def _exists(self, path, strict=False, **kwargs):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        try:
+            logger.debug(path)
+            session = await self.set_session()
+            r = await session.get(self.encode_url(path), **kw)
+            async with r:
+                if strict:
+                    self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, path)
+                return r.status < 400
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return False
+        except aiohttp.ClientError:
+            if strict:
+                raise
+            return False
+
+    async def _isfile(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return await self._exists(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=None,  # XXX: This differs from the base class.
+        cache_type=None,
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Make a file-like object
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Full URL with protocol
+        mode: string
+            must be "rb"
+        block_size: int or None
+            Bytes to download in one request; use instance value if None. If
+            zero, will return a streaming Requests file-like instance.
+        kwargs: key-value
+            Any other parameters, passed to requests calls
+        """
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        block_size = block_size if block_size is not None else self.block_size
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw["asynchronous"] = self.asynchronous
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        info = {}
+        size = size or info.update(self.info(path, **kwargs)) or info["size"]
+        session = sync(self.loop, self.set_session)
+        if block_size and size and info.get("partial", True):
+            return HTTPFile(
+                self,
+                path,
+                session=session,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                mode=mode,
+                size=size,
+                cache_type=cache_type or self.cache_type,
+                cache_options=cache_options or self.cache_options,
+                loop=self.loop,
+                **kw,
+            )
+        else:
+            return HTTPStreamFile(
+                self,
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                loop=self.loop,
+                session=session,
+                **kw,
+            )
+
+    async def open_async(self, path, mode="rb", size=None, **kwargs):
+        session = await self.set_session()
+        if size is None:
+            try:
+                size = (await self._info(path, **kwargs))["size"]
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+        return AsyncStreamFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            loop=self.loop,
+            session=session,
+            size=size,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def ukey(self, url):
+        """Unique identifier; assume HTTP files are static, unchanging"""
+        return tokenize(url, self.kwargs, self.protocol)
+
+    async def _info(self, url, **kwargs):
+        """Get info of URL
+
+        Tries to access location via HEAD, and then GET methods, but does
+        not fetch the data.
+
+        It is possible that the server does not supply any size information, in
+        which case size will be given as None (and certain operations on the
+        corresponding file will not work).
+        """
+        info = {}
+        session = await self.set_session()
+
+        for policy in ["head", "get"]:
+            try:
+                info.update(
+                    await _file_info(
+                        self.encode_url(url),
+                        size_policy=policy,
+                        session=session,
+                        **self.kwargs,
+                        **kwargs,
+                    )
+                )
+                if info.get("size") is not None:
+                    break
+            except Exception as exc:
+                if policy == "get":
+                    # If get failed, then raise a FileNotFoundError
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(url) from exc
+                logger.debug("", exc_info=exc)
+
+        return {"name": url, "size": None, **info, "type": "file"}
+
+    async def _glob(self, path, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Find files by glob-matching.
+
+        This implementation is idntical to the one in AbstractFileSystem,
+        but "?" is not considered as a character for globbing, because it is
+        so common in URLs, often identifying the "query" part.
+        """
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+        import re
+
+        ends_with_slash = path.endswith("/")  # _strip_protocol strips trailing slash
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        append_slash_to_dirname = ends_with_slash or path.endswith(("/**", "/*"))
+        idx_star = path.find("*") if path.find("*") >= 0 else len(path)
+        idx_brace = path.find("[") if path.find("[") >= 0 else len(path)
+
+        min_idx = min(idx_star, idx_brace)
+
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+
+        if not has_magic(path):
+            if await self._exists(path, **kwargs):
+                if not detail:
+                    return [path]
+                else:
+                    return {path: await self._info(path, **kwargs)}
+            else:
+                if not detail:
+                    return []  # glob of non-existent returns empty
+                else:
+                    return {}
+        elif "/" in path[:min_idx]:
+            min_idx = path[:min_idx].rindex("/")
+            root = path[: min_idx + 1]
+            depth = path[min_idx + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+        else:
+            root = ""
+            depth = path[min_idx + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+
+        if "**" in path:
+            if maxdepth is not None:
+                idx_double_stars = path.find("**")
+                depth_double_stars = path[idx_double_stars:].count("/") + 1
+                depth = depth - depth_double_stars + maxdepth
+            else:
+                depth = None
+
+        allpaths = await self._find(
+            root, maxdepth=depth, withdirs=True, detail=True, **kwargs
+        )
+
+        pattern = glob_translate(path + ("/" if ends_with_slash else ""))
+        pattern = re.compile(pattern)
+
+        out = {
+            (
+                p.rstrip("/")
+                if not append_slash_to_dirname
+                and info["type"] == "directory"
+                and p.endswith("/")
+                else p
+            ): info
+            for p, info in sorted(allpaths.items())
+            if pattern.match(p.rstrip("/"))
+        }
+
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return list(out)
+
+    async def _isdir(self, path):
+        # override, since all URLs are (also) files
+        try:
+            return bool(await self._ls(path))
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError):
+            return False
+
+    async def _pipe_file(self, path, value, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        """
+        Write bytes to a remote file over HTTP.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+            Target URL where the data should be written
+        value : bytes
+            Data to be written
+        mode : str
+            How to write to the file - 'overwrite' or 'append'
+        **kwargs : dict
+            Additional parameters to pass to the HTTP request
+        """
+        url = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {})
+        headers["Content-Length"] = str(len(value))
+
+        session = await self.set_session()
+
+        async with session.put(
+            self.encode_url(url), data=value, headers=headers, **kwargs
+        ) as r:
+            r.raise_for_status()
+
+
+class HTTPFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    """
+    A file-like object pointing to a remote HTTP(S) resource
+
+    Supports only reading, with read-ahead of a predetermined block-size.
+
+    In the case that the server does not supply the filesize, only reading of
+    the complete file in one go is supported.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    url: str
+        Full URL of the remote resource, including the protocol
+    session: aiohttp.ClientSession or None
+        All calls will be made within this session, to avoid restarting
+        connections where the server allows this
+    block_size: int or None
+        The amount of read-ahead to do, in bytes. Default is 5MB, or the value
+        configured for the FileSystem creating this file
+    size: None or int
+        If given, this is the size of the file in bytes, and we don't attempt
+        to call the server to find the value.
+    kwargs: all other key-values are passed to requests calls.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        url,
+        session=None,
+        block_size=None,
+        mode="rb",
+        cache_type="bytes",
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        loop=None,
+        asynchronous=False,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError("File mode not supported")
+        self.asynchronous = asynchronous
+        self.loop = loop
+        self.url = url
+        self.session = session
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": size, "type": "file"}
+        super().__init__(
+            fs=fs,
+            path=url,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def read(self, length=-1):
+        """Read bytes from file
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        length: int
+            Read up to this many bytes. If negative, read all content to end of
+            file. If the server has not supplied the filesize, attempting to
+            read only part of the data will raise a ValueError.
+        """
+        if (
+            (length < 0 and self.loc == 0)  # explicit read all
+            # but not when the size is known and fits into a block anyways
+            and not (self.size is not None and self.size <= self.blocksize)
+        ):
+            self._fetch_all()
+        if self.size is None:
+            if length < 0:
+                self._fetch_all()
+        else:
+            length = min(self.size - self.loc, length)
+        return super().read(length)
+
+    async def async_fetch_all(self):
+        """Read whole file in one shot, without caching
+
+        This is only called when position is still at zero,
+        and read() is called without a byte-count.
+        """
+        logger.debug(f"Fetch all for {self}")
+        if not isinstance(self.cache, AllBytes):
+            r = await self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(self.url), **self.kwargs)
+            async with r:
+                r.raise_for_status()
+                out = await r.read()
+                self.cache = AllBytes(
+                    size=len(out), fetcher=None, blocksize=None, data=out
+                )
+                self.size = len(out)
+
+    _fetch_all = sync_wrapper(async_fetch_all)
+
+    def _parse_content_range(self, headers):
+        """Parse the Content-Range header"""
+        s = headers.get("Content-Range", "")
+        m = re.match(r"bytes (\d+-\d+|\*)/(\d+|\*)", s)
+        if not m:
+            return None, None, None
+
+        if m[1] == "*":
+            start = end = None
+        else:
+            start, end = [int(x) for x in m[1].split("-")]
+        total = None if m[2] == "*" else int(m[2])
+        return start, end, total
+
+    async def async_fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Download a block of data
+
+        The expectation is that the server returns only the requested bytes,
+        with HTTP code 206. If this is not the case, we first check the headers,
+        and then stream the output - if the data size is bigger than we
+        requested, an exception is raised.
+        """
+        logger.debug(f"Fetch range for {self}: {start}-{end}")
+        kwargs = self.kwargs.copy()
+        headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+        headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
+        logger.debug(f"{self.url} : {headers['Range']}")
+        r = await self.session.get(
+            self.fs.encode_url(self.url), headers=headers, **kwargs
+        )
+        async with r:
+            if r.status == 416:
+                # range request outside file
+                return b""
+            r.raise_for_status()
+
+            # If the server has handled the range request, it should reply
+            # with status 206 (partial content). But we'll guess that a suitable
+            # Content-Range header or a Content-Length no more than the
+            # requested range also mean we have got the desired range.
+            response_is_range = (
+                r.status == 206
+                or self._parse_content_range(r.headers)[0] == start
+                or int(r.headers.get("Content-Length", end + 1)) <= end - start
+            )
+
+            if response_is_range:
+                # partial content, as expected
+                out = await r.read()
+            elif start > 0:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "The HTTP server doesn't appear to support range requests. "
+                    "Only reading this file from the beginning is supported. "
+                    "Open with block_size=0 for a streaming file interface."
+                )
+            else:
+                # Response is not a range, but we want the start of the file,
+                # so we can read the required amount anyway.
+                cl = 0
+                out = []
+                while True:
+                    chunk = await r.content.read(2**20)
+                    # data size unknown, let's read until we have enough
+                    if chunk:
+                        out.append(chunk)
+                        cl += len(chunk)
+                        if cl > end - start:
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        break
+                out = b"".join(out)[: end - start]
+            return out
+
+    _fetch_range = sync_wrapper(async_fetch_range)
+
+
+magic_check = re.compile("([*[])")
+
+
+def has_magic(s):
+    match = magic_check.search(s)
+    return match is not None
+
+
+class HTTPStreamFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def __init__(self, fs, url, mode="rb", loop=None, session=None, **kwargs):
+        self.asynchronous = kwargs.pop("asynchronous", False)
+        self.url = url
+        self.loop = loop
+        self.session = session
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": None}
+        super().__init__(fs=fs, path=url, mode=mode, cache_type="none", **kwargs)
+
+        async def cor():
+            r = await self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(url), **kwargs).__aenter__()
+            self.fs._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+            return r
+
+        self.r = sync(self.loop, cor)
+        self.loop = fs.loop
+
+    def seek(self, loc, whence=0):
+        if loc == 0 and whence == 1:
+            return
+        if loc == self.loc and whence == 0:
+            return
+        raise ValueError("Cannot seek streaming HTTP file")
+
+    async def _read(self, num=-1):
+        out = await self.r.content.read(num)
+        self.loc += len(out)
+        return out
+
+    read = sync_wrapper(_read)
+
+    async def _close(self):
+        self.r.close()
+
+    def close(self):
+        asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self._close(), self.loop)
+        super().close()
+
+
+class AsyncStreamFile(AbstractAsyncStreamedFile):
+    def __init__(
+        self, fs, url, mode="rb", loop=None, session=None, size=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        self.url = url
+        self.session = session
+        self.r = None
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": None}
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        super().__init__(fs=fs, path=url, mode=mode, cache_type="none")
+        self.size = size
+
+    async def read(self, num=-1):
+        if self.r is None:
+            r = await self.session.get(
+                self.fs.encode_url(self.url), **self.kwargs
+            ).__aenter__()
+            self.fs._raise_not_found_for_status(r, self.url)
+            self.r = r
+        out = await self.r.content.read(num)
+        self.loc += len(out)
+        return out
+
+    async def close(self):
+        if self.r is not None:
+            self.r.close()
+            self.r = None
+        await super().close()
+
+
+async def get_range(session, url, start, end, file=None, **kwargs):
+    # explicit get a range when we know it must be safe
+    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+    headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+    headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
+    r = await session.get(url, headers=headers, **kwargs)
+    r.raise_for_status()
+    async with r:
+        out = await r.read()
+    if file:
+        with open(file, "r+b") as f:  # noqa: ASYNC230
+            f.seek(start)
+            f.write(out)
+    else:
+        return out
+
+
+async def _file_info(url, session, size_policy="head", **kwargs):
+    """Call HEAD on the server to get details about the file (size/checksum etc.)
+
+    Default operation is to explicitly allow redirects and use encoding
+    'identity' (no compression) to get the true size of the target.
+    """
+    logger.debug("Retrieve file size for %s", url)
+    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+    ar = kwargs.pop("allow_redirects", True)
+    head = kwargs.get("headers", {}).copy()
+    head["Accept-Encoding"] = "identity"
+    kwargs["headers"] = head
+
+    info = {}
+    if size_policy == "head":
+        r = await session.head(url, allow_redirects=ar, **kwargs)
+    elif size_policy == "get":
+        r = await session.get(url, allow_redirects=ar, **kwargs)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f'size_policy must be "head" or "get", got {size_policy}')
+    async with r:
+        r.raise_for_status()
+
+        if "Content-Length" in r.headers:
+            # Some servers may choose to ignore Accept-Encoding and return
+            # compressed content, in which case the returned size is unreliable.
+            if "Content-Encoding" not in r.headers or r.headers["Content-Encoding"] in [
+                "identity",
+                "",
+            ]:
+                info["size"] = int(r.headers["Content-Length"])
+        elif "Content-Range" in r.headers:
+            info["size"] = int(r.headers["Content-Range"].split("/")[1])
+
+        if "Content-Type" in r.headers:
+            info["mimetype"] = r.headers["Content-Type"].partition(";")[0]
+
+        if r.headers.get("Accept-Ranges") == "none":
+            # Some servers may explicitly discourage partial content requests, but
+            # the lack of "Accept-Ranges" does not always indicate they would fail
+            info["partial"] = False
+
+        info["url"] = str(r.url)
+
+        for checksum_field in ["ETag", "Content-MD5", "Digest", "Last-Modified"]:
+            if r.headers.get(checksum_field):
+                info[checksum_field] = r.headers[checksum_field]
+
+    return info
+
+
+async def _file_size(url, session=None, *args, **kwargs):
+    if session is None:
+        session = await get_client()
+    info = await _file_info(url, session=session, *args, **kwargs)
+    return info.get("size")
+
+
+file_size = sync_wrapper(_file_size)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http_sync.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http_sync.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a67ea3ea5fee9e6b51f7f3f66773e8cf65735e52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/http_sync.py
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+"""This file is largely copied from http.py"""
+
+import io
+import logging
+import re
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.parse
+from copy import copy
+from json import dumps, loads
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+try:
+    import yarl
+except (ImportError, ModuleNotFoundError, OSError):
+    yarl = False
+
+from fsspec.callbacks import _DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from fsspec.registry import register_implementation
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile, AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE, isfilelike, nullcontext, tokenize
+
+from ..caching import AllBytes
+
+# https://stackoverflow.com/a/15926317/3821154
+ex = re.compile(r"""<(a|A)\s+(?:[^>]*?\s+)?(href|HREF)=["'](?P<url>[^"']+)""")
+ex2 = re.compile(r"""(?P<url>http[s]?://[-a-zA-Z0-9@:%_+.~#?&/=]+)""")
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.http")
+
+
+class JsHttpException(urllib.error.HTTPError): ...
+
+
+class StreamIO(io.BytesIO):
+    # fake class, so you can set attributes on it
+    # will eventually actually stream
+    ...
+
+
+class ResponseProxy:
+    """Looks like a requests response"""
+
+    def __init__(self, req, stream=False):
+        self.request = req
+        self.stream = stream
+        self._data = None
+        self._headers = None
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self):
+        if self._data is None:
+            b = self.request.response.to_bytes()
+            if self.stream:
+                self._data = StreamIO(b)
+            else:
+                self._data = b
+        return self._data
+
+    def close(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "_data"):
+            del self._data
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self):
+        if self._headers is None:
+            self._headers = dict(
+                [
+                    _.split(": ")
+                    for _ in self.request.getAllResponseHeaders().strip().split("\r\n")
+                ]
+            )
+        return self._headers
+
+    @property
+    def status_code(self):
+        return int(self.request.status)
+
+    def raise_for_status(self):
+        if not self.ok:
+            raise JsHttpException(
+                self.url, self.status_code, self.reason, self.headers, None
+            )
+
+    def iter_content(self, chunksize, *_, **__):
+        while True:
+            out = self.raw.read(chunksize)
+            if out:
+                yield out
+            else:
+                break
+
+    @property
+    def reason(self):
+        return self.request.statusText
+
+    @property
+    def ok(self):
+        return self.status_code < 400
+
+    @property
+    def url(self):
+        return self.request.response.responseURL
+
+    @property
+    def text(self):
+        # TODO: encoding from headers
+        return self.content.decode()
+
+    @property
+    def content(self):
+        self.stream = False
+        return self.raw
+
+    def json(self):
+        return loads(self.text)
+
+
+class RequestsSessionShim:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.headers = {}
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        params=None,
+        data=None,
+        headers=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        files=None,
+        auth=None,
+        timeout=None,
+        allow_redirects=None,
+        proxies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        stream=None,
+        verify=None,
+        cert=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+        from js import Blob, XMLHttpRequest
+
+        logger.debug("JS request: %s %s", method, url)
+
+        if cert or verify or proxies or files or cookies or hooks:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        if data and json:
+            raise ValueError("Use json= or data=, not both")
+        req = XMLHttpRequest.new()
+        extra = auth if auth else ()
+        if params:
+            url = f"{url}?{urllib.parse.urlencode(params)}"
+        req.open(method, url, False, *extra)
+        if timeout:
+            req.timeout = timeout
+        if headers:
+            for k, v in headers.items():
+                req.setRequestHeader(k, v)
+
+        req.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/octet-stream")
+        req.responseType = "arraybuffer"
+        if json:
+            blob = Blob.new([dumps(data)], {type: "application/json"})
+            req.send(blob)
+        elif data:
+            if isinstance(data, io.IOBase):
+                data = data.read()
+            blob = Blob.new([data], {type: "application/octet-stream"})
+            req.send(blob)
+        else:
+            req.send(None)
+        return ResponseProxy(req, stream=stream)
+
+    def get(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("GET", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def head(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("HEAD", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def post(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("POST}", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def put(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("PUT", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def patch(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("PATCH", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("DELETE", url, **kwargs)
+
+
+class HTTPFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """
+    Simple File-System for fetching data via HTTP(S)
+
+    This is the BLOCKING version of the normal HTTPFileSystem. It uses
+    requests in normal python and the JS runtime in pyodide.
+
+    ***This implementation is extremely experimental, do not use unless
+    you are testing pyodide/pyscript integration***
+    """
+
+    protocol = ("http", "https", "sync-http", "sync-https")
+    sep = "/"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        simple_links=True,
+        block_size=None,
+        same_scheme=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        client_kwargs=None,
+        encoded=False,
+        **storage_options,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        block_size: int
+            Blocks to read bytes; if 0, will default to raw requests file-like
+            objects instead of HTTPFile instances
+        simple_links: bool
+            If True, will consider both HTML <a> tags and anything that looks
+            like a URL; if False, will consider only the former.
+        same_scheme: True
+            When doing ls/glob, if this is True, only consider paths that have
+            http/https matching the input URLs.
+        size_policy: this argument is deprecated
+        client_kwargs: dict
+            Passed to aiohttp.ClientSession, see
+            https://docs.aiohttp.org/en/stable/client_reference.html
+            For example, ``{'auth': aiohttp.BasicAuth('user', 'pass')}``
+        storage_options: key-value
+            Any other parameters passed on to requests
+        cache_type, cache_options: defaults used in open
+        """
+        super().__init__(self, **storage_options)
+        self.block_size = block_size if block_size is not None else DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE
+        self.simple_links = simple_links
+        self.same_schema = same_scheme
+        self.cache_type = cache_type
+        self.cache_options = cache_options
+        self.client_kwargs = client_kwargs or {}
+        self.encoded = encoded
+        self.kwargs = storage_options
+
+        try:
+            import js  # noqa: F401
+
+            logger.debug("Starting JS session")
+            self.session = RequestsSessionShim()
+            self.js = True
+        except Exception as e:
+            import requests
+
+            logger.debug("Starting cpython session because of: %s", e)
+            self.session = requests.Session(**(client_kwargs or {}))
+            self.js = False
+
+        request_options = copy(storage_options)
+        self.use_listings_cache = request_options.pop("use_listings_cache", False)
+        request_options.pop("listings_expiry_time", None)
+        request_options.pop("max_paths", None)
+        request_options.pop("skip_instance_cache", None)
+        self.kwargs = request_options
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return "sync-http"
+
+    def encode_url(self, url):
+        if yarl:
+            return yarl.URL(url, encoded=self.encoded)
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path: str) -> str:
+        """For HTTP, we always want to keep the full URL"""
+        path = path.replace("sync-http://", "http://").replace(
+            "sync-https://", "https://"
+        )
+        return path
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parent(cls, path):
+        # override, since _strip_protocol is different for URLs
+        par = super()._parent(path)
+        if len(par) > 7:  # "http://..."
+            return par
+        return ""
+
+    def _ls_real(self, url, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        # ignoring URL-encoded arguments
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(url)
+        r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(url), **self.kwargs)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+        text = r.text
+        if self.simple_links:
+            links = ex2.findall(text) + [u[2] for u in ex.findall(text)]
+        else:
+            links = [u[2] for u in ex.findall(text)]
+        out = set()
+        parts = urlparse(url)
+        for l in links:
+            if isinstance(l, tuple):
+                l = l[1]
+            if l.startswith("/") and len(l) > 1:
+                # absolute URL on this server
+                l = parts.scheme + "://" + parts.netloc + l
+            if l.startswith("http"):
+                if self.same_schema and l.startswith(url.rstrip("/") + "/"):
+                    out.add(l)
+                elif l.replace("https", "http").startswith(
+                    url.replace("https", "http").rstrip("/") + "/"
+                ):
+                    # allowed to cross http <-> https
+                    out.add(l)
+            else:
+                if l not in ["..", "../"]:
+                    # Ignore FTP-like "parent"
+                    out.add("/".join([url.rstrip("/"), l.lstrip("/")]))
+        if not out and url.endswith("/"):
+            out = self._ls_real(url.rstrip("/"), detail=False)
+        if detail:
+            return [
+                {
+                    "name": u,
+                    "size": None,
+                    "type": "directory" if u.endswith("/") else "file",
+                }
+                for u in out
+            ]
+        else:
+            return sorted(out)
+
+    def ls(self, url, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        if self.use_listings_cache and url in self.dircache:
+            out = self.dircache[url]
+        else:
+            out = self._ls_real(url, detail=detail, **kwargs)
+            self.dircache[url] = out
+        return out
+
+    def _raise_not_found_for_status(self, response, url):
+        """
+        Raises FileNotFoundError for 404s, otherwise uses raise_for_status.
+        """
+        if response.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(url)
+        response.raise_for_status()
+
+    def cat_file(self, url, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(url)
+
+        if start is not None or end is not None:
+            if start == end:
+                return b""
+            headers = kw.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+
+            headers["Range"] = self._process_limits(url, start, end)
+            kw["headers"] = headers
+        r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(url), **kw)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+        return r.content
+
+    def get_file(
+        self, rpath, lpath, chunk_size=5 * 2**20, callback=_DEFAULT_CALLBACK, **kwargs
+    ):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(rpath)
+        r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(rpath), **kw)
+        try:
+            size = int(
+                r.headers.get("content-length", None)
+                or r.headers.get("Content-Length", None)
+            )
+        except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
+            size = None
+
+        callback.set_size(size)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, rpath)
+        if not isfilelike(lpath):
+            lpath = open(lpath, "wb")
+        for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size, decode_unicode=False):
+            lpath.write(chunk)
+            callback.relative_update(len(chunk))
+
+    def put_file(
+        self,
+        lpath,
+        rpath,
+        chunk_size=5 * 2**20,
+        callback=_DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        method="post",
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        def gen_chunks():
+            # Support passing arbitrary file-like objects
+            # and use them instead of streams.
+            if isinstance(lpath, io.IOBase):
+                context = nullcontext(lpath)
+                use_seek = False  # might not support seeking
+            else:
+                context = open(lpath, "rb")
+                use_seek = True
+
+            with context as f:
+                if use_seek:
+                    callback.set_size(f.seek(0, 2))
+                    f.seek(0)
+                else:
+                    callback.set_size(getattr(f, "size", None))
+
+                chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
+                while chunk:
+                    yield chunk
+                    callback.relative_update(len(chunk))
+                    chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
+
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+
+        method = method.lower()
+        if method not in ("post", "put"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"method has to be either 'post' or 'put', not: {method!r}"
+            )
+
+        meth = getattr(self.session, method)
+        resp = meth(rpath, data=gen_chunks(), **kw)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(resp, rpath)
+
+    def _process_limits(self, url, start, end):
+        """Helper for "Range"-based _cat_file"""
+        size = None
+        suff = False
+        if start is not None and start < 0:
+            # if start is negative and end None, end is the "suffix length"
+            if end is None:
+                end = -start
+                start = ""
+                suff = True
+            else:
+                size = size or self.info(url)["size"]
+                start = size + start
+        elif start is None:
+            start = 0
+        if not suff:
+            if end is not None and end < 0:
+                if start is not None:
+                    size = size or self.info(url)["size"]
+                    end = size + end
+            elif end is None:
+                end = ""
+            if isinstance(end, int):
+                end -= 1  # bytes range is inclusive
+        return f"bytes={start}-{end}"
+
+    def exists(self, path, strict=False, **kwargs):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        try:
+            logger.debug(path)
+            r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(path), **kw)
+            if strict:
+                self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, path)
+            return r.status_code < 400
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return False
+        except Exception:
+            if strict:
+                raise
+            return False
+
+    def isfile(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return self.exists(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=None,  # XXX: This differs from the base class.
+        cache_type=None,
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Make a file-like object
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Full URL with protocol
+        mode: string
+            must be "rb"
+        block_size: int or None
+            Bytes to download in one request; use instance value if None. If
+            zero, will return a streaming Requests file-like instance.
+        kwargs: key-value
+            Any other parameters, passed to requests calls
+        """
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        block_size = block_size if block_size is not None else self.block_size
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        size = size or self.info(path, **kwargs)["size"]
+        if block_size and size:
+            return HTTPFile(
+                self,
+                path,
+                session=self.session,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                mode=mode,
+                size=size,
+                cache_type=cache_type or self.cache_type,
+                cache_options=cache_options or self.cache_options,
+                **kw,
+            )
+        else:
+            return HTTPStreamFile(
+                self,
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                session=self.session,
+                **kw,
+            )
+
+    def ukey(self, url):
+        """Unique identifier; assume HTTP files are static, unchanging"""
+        return tokenize(url, self.kwargs, self.protocol)
+
+    def info(self, url, **kwargs):
+        """Get info of URL
+
+        Tries to access location via HEAD, and then GET methods, but does
+        not fetch the data.
+
+        It is possible that the server does not supply any size information, in
+        which case size will be given as None (and certain operations on the
+        corresponding file will not work).
+        """
+        info = {}
+        for policy in ["head", "get"]:
+            try:
+                info.update(
+                    _file_info(
+                        self.encode_url(url),
+                        size_policy=policy,
+                        session=self.session,
+                        **self.kwargs,
+                        **kwargs,
+                    )
+                )
+                if info.get("size") is not None:
+                    break
+            except Exception as exc:
+                if policy == "get":
+                    # If get failed, then raise a FileNotFoundError
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(url) from exc
+                logger.debug(str(exc))
+
+        return {"name": url, "size": None, **info, "type": "file"}
+
+    def glob(self, path, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Find files by glob-matching.
+
+        This implementation is idntical to the one in AbstractFileSystem,
+        but "?" is not considered as a character for globbing, because it is
+        so common in URLs, often identifying the "query" part.
+        """
+        import re
+
+        ends = path.endswith("/")
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        indstar = path.find("*") if path.find("*") >= 0 else len(path)
+        indbrace = path.find("[") if path.find("[") >= 0 else len(path)
+
+        ind = min(indstar, indbrace)
+
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+
+        if not has_magic(path):
+            root = path
+            depth = 1
+            if ends:
+                path += "/*"
+            elif self.exists(path):
+                if not detail:
+                    return [path]
+                else:
+                    return {path: self.info(path)}
+            else:
+                if not detail:
+                    return []  # glob of non-existent returns empty
+                else:
+                    return {}
+        elif "/" in path[:ind]:
+            ind2 = path[:ind].rindex("/")
+            root = path[: ind2 + 1]
+            depth = None if "**" in path else path[ind2 + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+        else:
+            root = ""
+            depth = None if "**" in path else path[ind + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+
+        allpaths = self.find(
+            root, maxdepth=maxdepth or depth, withdirs=True, detail=True, **kwargs
+        )
+        # Escape characters special to python regex, leaving our supported
+        # special characters in place.
+        # See https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Pattern-Matching.html
+        # for shell globbing details.
+        pattern = (
+            "^"
+            + (
+                path.replace("\\", r"\\")
+                .replace(".", r"\.")
+                .replace("+", r"\+")
+                .replace("//", "/")
+                .replace("(", r"\(")
+                .replace(")", r"\)")
+                .replace("|", r"\|")
+                .replace("^", r"\^")
+                .replace("$", r"\$")
+                .replace("{", r"\{")
+                .replace("}", r"\}")
+                .rstrip("/")
+            )
+            + "$"
+        )
+        pattern = re.sub("[*]{2}", "=PLACEHOLDER=", pattern)
+        pattern = re.sub("[*]", "[^/]*", pattern)
+        pattern = re.compile(pattern.replace("=PLACEHOLDER=", ".*"))
+        out = {
+            p: allpaths[p]
+            for p in sorted(allpaths)
+            if pattern.match(p.replace("//", "/").rstrip("/"))
+        }
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return list(out)
+
+    def isdir(self, path):
+        # override, since all URLs are (also) files
+        try:
+            return bool(self.ls(path))
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError):
+            return False
+
+
+class HTTPFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    """
+    A file-like object pointing to a remove HTTP(S) resource
+
+    Supports only reading, with read-ahead of a predermined block-size.
+
+    In the case that the server does not supply the filesize, only reading of
+    the complete file in one go is supported.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    url: str
+        Full URL of the remote resource, including the protocol
+    session: requests.Session or None
+        All calls will be made within this session, to avoid restarting
+        connections where the server allows this
+    block_size: int or None
+        The amount of read-ahead to do, in bytes. Default is 5MB, or the value
+        configured for the FileSystem creating this file
+    size: None or int
+        If given, this is the size of the file in bytes, and we don't attempt
+        to call the server to find the value.
+    kwargs: all other key-values are passed to requests calls.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        url,
+        session=None,
+        block_size=None,
+        mode="rb",
+        cache_type="bytes",
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError("File mode not supported")
+        self.url = url
+        self.session = session
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": size, "type": "file"}
+        super().__init__(
+            fs=fs,
+            path=url,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def read(self, length=-1):
+        """Read bytes from file
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        length: int
+            Read up to this many bytes. If negative, read all content to end of
+            file. If the server has not supplied the filesize, attempting to
+            read only part of the data will raise a ValueError.
+        """
+        if (
+            (length < 0 and self.loc == 0)  # explicit read all
+            # but not when the size is known and fits into a block anyways
+            and not (self.size is not None and self.size <= self.blocksize)
+        ):
+            self._fetch_all()
+        if self.size is None:
+            if length < 0:
+                self._fetch_all()
+        else:
+            length = min(self.size - self.loc, length)
+        return super().read(length)
+
+    def _fetch_all(self):
+        """Read whole file in one shot, without caching
+
+        This is only called when position is still at zero,
+        and read() is called without a byte-count.
+        """
+        logger.debug(f"Fetch all for {self}")
+        if not isinstance(self.cache, AllBytes):
+            r = self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(self.url), **self.kwargs)
+            r.raise_for_status()
+            out = r.content
+            self.cache = AllBytes(size=len(out), fetcher=None, blocksize=None, data=out)
+            self.size = len(out)
+
+    def _parse_content_range(self, headers):
+        """Parse the Content-Range header"""
+        s = headers.get("Content-Range", "")
+        m = re.match(r"bytes (\d+-\d+|\*)/(\d+|\*)", s)
+        if not m:
+            return None, None, None
+
+        if m[1] == "*":
+            start = end = None
+        else:
+            start, end = [int(x) for x in m[1].split("-")]
+        total = None if m[2] == "*" else int(m[2])
+        return start, end, total
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Download a block of data
+
+        The expectation is that the server returns only the requested bytes,
+        with HTTP code 206. If this is not the case, we first check the headers,
+        and then stream the output - if the data size is bigger than we
+        requested, an exception is raised.
+        """
+        logger.debug(f"Fetch range for {self}: {start}-{end}")
+        kwargs = self.kwargs.copy()
+        headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+        headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
+        logger.debug("%s : %s", self.url, headers["Range"])
+        r = self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(self.url), headers=headers, **kwargs)
+        if r.status_code == 416:
+            # range request outside file
+            return b""
+        r.raise_for_status()
+
+        # If the server has handled the range request, it should reply
+        # with status 206 (partial content). But we'll guess that a suitable
+        # Content-Range header or a Content-Length no more than the
+        # requested range also mean we have got the desired range.
+        cl = r.headers.get("Content-Length", r.headers.get("content-length", end + 1))
+        response_is_range = (
+            r.status_code == 206
+            or self._parse_content_range(r.headers)[0] == start
+            or int(cl) <= end - start
+        )
+
+        if response_is_range:
+            # partial content, as expected
+            out = r.content
+        elif start > 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The HTTP server doesn't appear to support range requests. "
+                "Only reading this file from the beginning is supported. "
+                "Open with block_size=0 for a streaming file interface."
+            )
+        else:
+            # Response is not a range, but we want the start of the file,
+            # so we can read the required amount anyway.
+            cl = 0
+            out = []
+            for chunk in r.iter_content(2**20, False):
+                out.append(chunk)
+                cl += len(chunk)
+            out = b"".join(out)[: end - start]
+        return out
+
+
+magic_check = re.compile("([*[])")
+
+
+def has_magic(s):
+    match = magic_check.search(s)
+    return match is not None
+
+
+class HTTPStreamFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def __init__(self, fs, url, mode="rb", session=None, **kwargs):
+        self.url = url
+        self.session = session
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": None}
+        super().__init__(fs=fs, path=url, mode=mode, cache_type="readahead", **kwargs)
+
+        r = self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(url), stream=True, **kwargs)
+        self.fs._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+        self.it = r.iter_content(1024, False)
+        self.leftover = b""
+
+        self.r = r
+
+    def seek(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        raise ValueError("Cannot seek streaming HTTP file")
+
+    def read(self, num=-1):
+        bufs = [self.leftover]
+        leng = len(self.leftover)
+        while leng < num or num < 0:
+            try:
+                out = self.it.__next__()
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+            if out:
+                bufs.append(out)
+            else:
+                break
+            leng += len(out)
+        out = b"".join(bufs)
+        if num >= 0:
+            self.leftover = out[num:]
+            out = out[:num]
+        else:
+            self.leftover = b""
+        self.loc += len(out)
+        return out
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.r.close()
+        self.closed = True
+
+
+def get_range(session, url, start, end, **kwargs):
+    # explicit get a range when we know it must be safe
+    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+    headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+    headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
+    r = session.get(url, headers=headers, **kwargs)
+    r.raise_for_status()
+    return r.content
+
+
+def _file_info(url, session, size_policy="head", **kwargs):
+    """Call HEAD on the server to get details about the file (size/checksum etc.)
+
+    Default operation is to explicitly allow redirects and use encoding
+    'identity' (no compression) to get the true size of the target.
+    """
+    logger.debug("Retrieve file size for %s", url)
+    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+    ar = kwargs.pop("allow_redirects", True)
+    head = kwargs.get("headers", {}).copy()
+    # TODO: not allowed in JS
+    # head["Accept-Encoding"] = "identity"
+    kwargs["headers"] = head
+
+    info = {}
+    if size_policy == "head":
+        r = session.head(url, allow_redirects=ar, **kwargs)
+    elif size_policy == "get":
+        r = session.get(url, allow_redirects=ar, **kwargs)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f'size_policy must be "head" or "get", got {size_policy}')
+    r.raise_for_status()
+
+    # TODO:
+    #  recognise lack of 'Accept-Ranges',
+    #                 or 'Accept-Ranges': 'none' (not 'bytes')
+    #  to mean streaming only, no random access => return None
+    if "Content-Length" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["Content-Length"])
+    elif "Content-Range" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["Content-Range"].split("/")[1])
+    elif "content-length" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["content-length"])
+    elif "content-range" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["content-range"].split("/")[1])
+
+    for checksum_field in ["ETag", "Content-MD5", "Digest"]:
+        if r.headers.get(checksum_field):
+            info[checksum_field] = r.headers[checksum_field]
+
+    return info
+
+
+# importing this is enough to register it
+def register():
+    register_implementation("http", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("https", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("sync-http", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("sync-https", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+
+
+register()
+
+
+def unregister():
+    from fsspec.implementations.http import HTTPFileSystem
+
+    register_implementation("http", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("https", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/jupyter.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/jupyter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5571ed56582170051f3b7cd903093eed4c65244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/jupyter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import base64
+import io
+import re
+
+import requests
+
+import fsspec
+
+
+class JupyterFileSystem(fsspec.AbstractFileSystem):
+    """View of the files as seen by a Jupyter server (notebook or lab)"""
+
+    protocol = ("jupyter", "jlab")
+
+    def __init__(self, url, tok=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        url : str
+            Base URL of the server, like "http://127.0.0.1:8888". May include
+            token in the string, which is given by the process when starting up
+        tok : str
+            If the token is obtained separately, can be given here
+        kwargs
+        """
+        if "?" in url:
+            if tok is None:
+                try:
+                    tok = re.findall("token=([a-z0-9]+)", url)[0]
+                except IndexError as e:
+                    raise ValueError("Could not determine token") from e
+            url = url.split("?", 1)[0]
+        self.url = url.rstrip("/") + "/api/contents"
+        self.session = requests.Session()
+        if tok:
+            self.session.headers["Authorization"] = f"token {tok}"
+
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        r = self.session.get(f"{self.url}/{path}")
+        if r.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        out = r.json()
+
+        if out["type"] == "directory":
+            out = out["content"]
+        else:
+            out = [out]
+        for o in out:
+            o["name"] = o.pop("path")
+            o.pop("content")
+            if o["type"] == "notebook":
+                o["type"] = "file"
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        return [o["name"] for o in out]
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        r = self.session.get(f"{self.url}/{path}")
+        if r.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        r.raise_for_status()
+        out = r.json()
+        if out["format"] == "text":
+            # data should be binary
+            b = out["content"].encode()
+        else:
+            b = base64.b64decode(out["content"])
+        return b[start:end]
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, **_):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        json = {
+            "name": path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1],
+            "path": path,
+            "size": len(value),
+            "content": base64.b64encode(value).decode(),
+            "format": "base64",
+            "type": "file",
+        }
+        self.session.put(f"{self.url}/{path}", json=json)
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if create_parents and "/" in path:
+            self.mkdir(path.rsplit("/", 1)[0], True)
+        json = {
+            "name": path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1],
+            "path": path,
+            "size": None,
+            "content": None,
+            "type": "directory",
+        }
+        self.session.put(f"{self.url}/{path}", json=json)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        if path1 == path2:
+            return
+        self.session.patch(f"{self.url}/{path1}", json={"path": path2})
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        self.session.delete(f"{self.url}/{path}")
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if mode == "rb":
+            data = self.cat_file(path)
+            return io.BytesIO(data)
+        else:
+            return SimpleFileWriter(self, path, mode="wb")
+
+
+class SimpleFileWriter(fsspec.spec.AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        """Never uploads a chunk until file is done
+
+        Not suitable for large files
+        """
+        if final is False:
+            return False
+        self.buffer.seek(0)
+        data = self.buffer.read()
+        self.fs.pipe_file(self.path, data)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/libarchive.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/libarchive.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f8e750002df72865d611b48022e6634f9572614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/libarchive.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from ctypes import (
+    CFUNCTYPE,
+    POINTER,
+    c_int,
+    c_longlong,
+    c_void_p,
+    cast,
+    create_string_buffer,
+)
+
+import libarchive
+import libarchive.ffi as ffi
+
+from fsspec import open_files
+from fsspec.archive import AbstractArchiveFileSystem
+from fsspec.implementations.memory import MemoryFile
+from fsspec.utils import DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE
+
+# Libarchive requires seekable files or memory only for certain archive
+# types. However, since we read the directory first to cache the contents
+# and also allow random access to any file, the file-like object needs
+# to be seekable no matter what.
+
+# Seek call-backs (not provided in the libarchive python wrapper)
+SEEK_CALLBACK = CFUNCTYPE(c_longlong, c_int, c_void_p, c_longlong, c_int)
+read_set_seek_callback = ffi.ffi(
+    "read_set_seek_callback", [ffi.c_archive_p, SEEK_CALLBACK], c_int, ffi.check_int
+)
+new_api = hasattr(ffi, "NO_OPEN_CB")
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def custom_reader(file, format_name="all", filter_name="all", block_size=ffi.page_size):
+    """Read an archive from a seekable file-like object.
+
+    The `file` object must support the standard `readinto` and 'seek' methods.
+    """
+    buf = create_string_buffer(block_size)
+    buf_p = cast(buf, c_void_p)
+
+    def read_func(archive_p, context, ptrptr):
+        # readinto the buffer, returns number of bytes read
+        length = file.readinto(buf)
+        # write the address of the buffer into the pointer
+        ptrptr = cast(ptrptr, POINTER(c_void_p))
+        ptrptr[0] = buf_p
+        # tell libarchive how much data was written into the buffer
+        return length
+
+    def seek_func(archive_p, context, offset, whence):
+        file.seek(offset, whence)
+        # tell libarchvie the current position
+        return file.tell()
+
+    read_cb = ffi.READ_CALLBACK(read_func)
+    seek_cb = SEEK_CALLBACK(seek_func)
+
+    if new_api:
+        open_cb = ffi.NO_OPEN_CB
+        close_cb = ffi.NO_CLOSE_CB
+    else:
+        open_cb = libarchive.read.OPEN_CALLBACK(ffi.VOID_CB)
+        close_cb = libarchive.read.CLOSE_CALLBACK(ffi.VOID_CB)
+
+    with libarchive.read.new_archive_read(format_name, filter_name) as archive_p:
+        read_set_seek_callback(archive_p, seek_cb)
+        ffi.read_open(archive_p, None, open_cb, read_cb, close_cb)
+        yield libarchive.read.ArchiveRead(archive_p)
+
+
+class LibArchiveFileSystem(AbstractArchiveFileSystem):
+    """Compressed archives as a file-system (read-only)
+
+    Supports the following formats:
+    tar, pax , cpio, ISO9660, zip, mtree, shar, ar, raw, xar, lha/lzh, rar
+    Microsoft CAB, 7-Zip, WARC
+
+    See the libarchive documentation for further restrictions.
+    https://www.libarchive.org/
+
+    Keeps file object open while instance lives. It only works in seekable
+    file-like objects. In case the filesystem does not support this kind of
+    file object, it is recommended to cache locally.
+
+    This class is pickleable, but not necessarily thread-safe (depends on the
+    platform). See libarchive documentation for details.
+    """
+
+    root_marker = ""
+    protocol = "libarchive"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fo="",
+        mode="r",
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        block_size=DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fo: str or file-like
+            Contains ZIP, and must exist. If a str, will fetch file using
+            :meth:`~fsspec.open_files`, which must return one file exactly.
+        mode: str
+            Currently, only 'r' accepted
+        target_protocol: str (optional)
+            If ``fo`` is a string, this value can be used to override the
+            FS protocol inferred from a URL
+        target_options: dict (optional)
+            Kwargs passed when instantiating the target FS, if ``fo`` is
+            a string.
+        """
+        super().__init__(self, **kwargs)
+        if mode != "r":
+            raise ValueError("Only read from archive files accepted")
+        if isinstance(fo, str):
+            files = open_files(fo, protocol=target_protocol, **(target_options or {}))
+            if len(files) != 1:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f'Path "{fo}" did not resolve to exactly one file: "{files}"'
+                )
+            fo = files[0]
+        self.of = fo
+        self.fo = fo.__enter__()  # the whole instance is a context
+        self.block_size = block_size
+        self.dir_cache = None
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _open_archive(self):
+        self.fo.seek(0)
+        with custom_reader(self.fo, block_size=self.block_size) as arc:
+            yield arc
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        # file paths are always relative to the archive root
+        return super()._strip_protocol(path).lstrip("/")
+
+    def _get_dirs(self):
+        fields = {
+            "name": "pathname",
+            "size": "size",
+            "created": "ctime",
+            "mode": "mode",
+            "uid": "uid",
+            "gid": "gid",
+            "mtime": "mtime",
+        }
+
+        if self.dir_cache is not None:
+            return
+
+        self.dir_cache = {}
+        list_names = []
+        with self._open_archive() as arc:
+            for entry in arc:
+                if not entry.isdir and not entry.isfile:
+                    # Skip symbolic links, fifo entries, etc.
+                    continue
+                self.dir_cache.update(
+                    {
+                        dirname: {"name": dirname, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+                        for dirname in self._all_dirnames(set(entry.name))
+                    }
+                )
+                f = {key: getattr(entry, fields[key]) for key in fields}
+                f["type"] = "directory" if entry.isdir else "file"
+                list_names.append(entry.name)
+
+                self.dir_cache[f["name"]] = f
+        # libarchive does not seem to return an entry for the directories (at least
+        # not in all formats), so get the directories names from the files names
+        self.dir_cache.update(
+            {
+                dirname: {"name": dirname, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+                for dirname in self._all_dirnames(list_names)
+            }
+        )
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        data = b""
+        with self._open_archive() as arc:
+            for entry in arc:
+                if entry.pathname != path:
+                    continue
+
+                if entry.size == 0:
+                    # empty file, so there are no blocks
+                    break
+
+                for block in entry.get_blocks(entry.size):
+                    data = block
+                    break
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError
+        return MemoryFile(fs=self, path=path, data=data)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/local.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/local.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b549b93e22c56fc67c00a3a87718999d2039d4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/local.py
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+import datetime
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import os.path as osp
+import shutil
+import stat
+import tempfile
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.compression import compr
+from fsspec.core import get_compression
+from fsspec.utils import isfilelike, stringify_path
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.local")
+
+
+class LocalFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Interface to files on local storage
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    auto_mkdir: bool
+        Whether, when opening a file, the directory containing it should
+        be created (if it doesn't already exist). This is assumed by pyarrow
+        code.
+    """
+
+    root_marker = "/"
+    protocol = "file", "local"
+    local_file = True
+
+    def __init__(self, auto_mkdir=False, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.auto_mkdir = auto_mkdir
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return "local"
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError(path)
+        if create_parents:
+            self.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
+        else:
+            os.mkdir(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        os.rmdir(path)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        path_info = self.info(path)
+        infos = []
+        if path_info["type"] == "directory":
+            with os.scandir(path) as it:
+                for f in it:
+                    try:
+                        # Only get the info if requested since it is a bit expensive (the stat call inside)
+                        # The strip_protocol is also used in info() and calls make_path_posix to always return posix paths
+                        info = self.info(f) if detail else self._strip_protocol(f.path)
+                        infos.append(info)
+                    except FileNotFoundError:
+                        pass
+        else:
+            infos = [path_info] if detail else [path_info["name"]]
+
+        return infos
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(path, os.DirEntry):
+            # scandir DirEntry
+            out = path.stat(follow_symlinks=False)
+            link = path.is_symlink()
+            if path.is_dir(follow_symlinks=False):
+                t = "directory"
+            elif path.is_file(follow_symlinks=False):
+                t = "file"
+            else:
+                t = "other"
+
+            size = out.st_size
+            if link:
+                try:
+                    out2 = path.stat(follow_symlinks=True)
+                    size = out2.st_size
+                except OSError:
+                    size = 0
+            path = self._strip_protocol(path.path)
+        else:
+            # str or path-like
+            path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+            out = os.stat(path, follow_symlinks=False)
+            link = stat.S_ISLNK(out.st_mode)
+            if link:
+                out = os.stat(path, follow_symlinks=True)
+            size = out.st_size
+            if stat.S_ISDIR(out.st_mode):
+                t = "directory"
+            elif stat.S_ISREG(out.st_mode):
+                t = "file"
+            else:
+                t = "other"
+
+        # Check for the 'st_birthtime' attribute, which is not always present; fallback to st_ctime
+        created_time = getattr(out, "st_birthtime", out.st_ctime)
+
+        result = {
+            "name": path,
+            "size": size,
+            "type": t,
+            "created": created_time,
+            "islink": link,
+        }
+        for field in ["mode", "uid", "gid", "mtime", "ino", "nlink"]:
+            result[field] = getattr(out, f"st_{field}")
+        if link:
+            result["destination"] = os.readlink(path)
+        return result
+
+    def lexists(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return osp.lexists(path)
+
+    def cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1)
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2)
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path2), exist_ok=True)
+        if self.isfile(path1):
+            shutil.copyfile(path1, path2)
+        elif self.isdir(path1):
+            self.mkdirs(path2, exist_ok=True)
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path1)
+
+    def isfile(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        return os.path.isfile(path)
+
+    def isdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        return os.path.isdir(path)
+
+    def get_file(self, path1, path2, callback=None, **kwargs):
+        if isfilelike(path2):
+            with open(path1, "rb") as f:
+                shutil.copyfileobj(f, path2)
+        else:
+            return self.cp_file(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def put_file(self, path1, path2, callback=None, **kwargs):
+        return self.cp_file(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, recursive: bool = True, **kwargs):
+        """Move files/directories
+        For the specific case of local, all ops on directories are recursive and
+        the recursive= kwarg is ignored.
+        """
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1)
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2)
+
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path2), exist_ok=True)
+
+        shutil.move(path1, path2)
+
+    def link(self, src, dst, **kwargs):
+        src = self._strip_protocol(src)
+        dst = self._strip_protocol(dst)
+        os.link(src, dst, **kwargs)
+
+    def symlink(self, src, dst, **kwargs):
+        src = self._strip_protocol(src)
+        dst = self._strip_protocol(dst)
+        os.symlink(src, dst, **kwargs)
+
+    def islink(self, path) -> bool:
+        return os.path.islink(self._strip_protocol(path))
+
+    def rm_file(self, path):
+        os.remove(self._strip_protocol(path))
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        if not isinstance(path, list):
+            path = [path]
+
+        for p in path:
+            p = self._strip_protocol(p)
+            if self.isdir(p):
+                if not recursive:
+                    raise ValueError("Cannot delete directory, set recursive=True")
+                if osp.abspath(p) == os.getcwd():
+                    raise ValueError("Cannot delete current working directory")
+                shutil.rmtree(p)
+            else:
+                os.remove(p)
+
+    def unstrip_protocol(self, name):
+        protocol = self.protocol if isinstance(self.protocol, str) else self.protocol[0]
+        name = self._strip_protocol(name)  # normalise for local/win/...
+        return f"{protocol}://{name}"
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self.auto_mkdir and "w" in mode:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path), exist_ok=True)
+        return LocalFileOpener(path, mode, fs=self, **kwargs)
+
+    def touch(self, path, truncate=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path), exist_ok=True)
+        if self.exists(path):
+            os.utime(path, None)
+        else:
+            open(path, "a").close()
+        if truncate:
+            os.truncate(path, 0)
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        info = self.info(path=path)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+            info["created"], tz=datetime.timezone.utc
+        )
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        info = self.info(path=path)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(info["mtime"], tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parent(cls, path):
+        path = cls._strip_protocol(path)
+        if os.sep == "/":
+            # posix native
+            return path.rsplit("/", 1)[0] or "/"
+        else:
+            # NT
+            path_ = path.rsplit("/", 1)[0]
+            if len(path_) <= 3:
+                if path_[1:2] == ":":
+                    # nt root (something like c:/)
+                    return path_[0] + ":/"
+            # More cases may be required here
+            return path_
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        path = stringify_path(path)
+        protos = (cls.protocol,) if isinstance(cls.protocol, str) else cls.protocol
+        prefixes = (protocol + sep for protocol in protos for sep in ("://", ":"))
+        for prefix in prefixes:
+            if path.startswith(prefix):
+                path = path.removeprefix(prefix)
+                break
+
+        path = make_path_posix(path)
+        if os.sep != "/":
+            # This code-path is a stripped down version of
+            # > drive, path = ntpath.splitdrive(path)
+            if path[1:2] == ":":
+                # Absolute drive-letter path, e.g. X:\Windows
+                # Relative path with drive, e.g. X:Windows
+                drive, path = path[:2], path[2:]
+            elif path[:2] == "//":
+                # UNC drives, e.g. \\server\share or \\?\UNC\server\share
+                # Device drives, e.g. \\.\device or \\?\device
+                if (index1 := path.find("/", 2)) == -1 or (
+                    index2 := path.find("/", index1 + 1)
+                ) == -1:
+                    drive, path = path, ""
+                else:
+                    drive, path = path[:index2], path[index2:]
+            else:
+                # Relative path, e.g. Windows
+                drive = ""
+
+            path = path.rstrip("/") or cls.root_marker
+            return drive + path
+
+        else:
+            return path.rstrip("/") or cls.root_marker
+
+    def _isfilestore(self):
+        # Inheriting from DaskFileSystem makes this False (S3, etc. were)
+        # the original motivation. But we are a posix-like file system.
+        # See https://github.com/dask/dask/issues/5526
+        return True
+
+    def chmod(self, path, mode):
+        path = stringify_path(path)
+        return os.chmod(path, mode)
+
+
+def make_path_posix(path):
+    """Make path generic and absolute for current OS"""
+    if not isinstance(path, str):
+        if isinstance(path, (list, set, tuple)):
+            return type(path)(make_path_posix(p) for p in path)
+        else:
+            path = stringify_path(path)
+            if not isinstance(path, str):
+                raise TypeError(f"could not convert {path!r} to string")
+    if os.sep == "/":
+        # Native posix
+        if path.startswith("/"):
+            # most common fast case for posix
+            return path
+        elif path.startswith("~"):
+            return osp.expanduser(path)
+        elif path.startswith("./"):
+            path = path[2:]
+        elif path == ".":
+            path = ""
+        return f"{os.getcwd()}/{path}"
+    else:
+        # NT handling
+        if path[0:1] == "/" and path[2:3] == ":":
+            # path is like "/c:/local/path"
+            path = path[1:]
+        if path[1:2] == ":":
+            # windows full path like "C:\\local\\path"
+            if len(path) <= 3:
+                # nt root (something like c:/)
+                return path[0] + ":/"
+            path = path.replace("\\", "/")
+            return path
+        elif path[0:1] == "~":
+            return make_path_posix(osp.expanduser(path))
+        elif path.startswith(("\\\\", "//")):
+            # windows UNC/DFS-style paths
+            return "//" + path[2:].replace("\\", "/")
+        elif path.startswith(("\\", "/")):
+            # windows relative path with root
+            path = path.replace("\\", "/")
+            return f"{osp.splitdrive(os.getcwd())[0]}{path}"
+        else:
+            path = path.replace("\\", "/")
+            if path.startswith("./"):
+                path = path[2:]
+            elif path == ".":
+                path = ""
+            return f"{make_path_posix(os.getcwd())}/{path}"
+
+
+def trailing_sep(path):
+    """Return True if the path ends with a path separator.
+
+    A forward slash is always considered a path separator, even on Operating
+    Systems that normally use a backslash.
+    """
+    # TODO: if all incoming paths were posix-compliant then separator would
+    # always be a forward slash, simplifying this function.
+    # See https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/pull/1250
+    return path.endswith(os.sep) or (os.altsep is not None and path.endswith(os.altsep))
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_umask(mask: int = 0o666) -> int:
+    """Get the current umask.
+
+    Follows https://stackoverflow.com/a/44130549 to get the umask.
+    Temporarily sets the umask to the given value, and then resets it to the
+    original value.
+    """
+    value = os.umask(mask)
+    os.umask(value)
+    return value
+
+
+class LocalFileOpener(io.IOBase):
+    def __init__(
+        self, path, mode, autocommit=True, fs=None, compression=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        logger.debug("open file: %s", path)
+        self.path = path
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.f = None
+        self.autocommit = autocommit
+        self.compression = get_compression(path, compression)
+        self.blocksize = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+        self._open()
+
+    def _open(self):
+        if self.f is None or self.f.closed:
+            if self.autocommit or "w" not in self.mode:
+                self.f = open(self.path, mode=self.mode)
+                if self.compression:
+                    compress = compr[self.compression]
+                    self.f = compress(self.f, mode=self.mode)
+            else:
+                # TODO: check if path is writable?
+                i, name = tempfile.mkstemp()
+                os.close(i)  # we want normal open and normal buffered file
+                self.temp = name
+                self.f = open(name, mode=self.mode)
+            if "w" not in self.mode:
+                self.size = self.f.seek(0, 2)
+                self.f.seek(0)
+                self.f.size = self.size
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        # probably only used by cached FS
+        if "r" not in self.mode:
+            raise ValueError
+        self._open()
+        self.f.seek(start)
+        return self.f.read(end - start)
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        self.f = None
+        loc = state.pop("loc", None)
+        self.__dict__.update(state)
+        if "r" in state["mode"]:
+            self.f = None
+            self._open()
+            self.f.seek(loc)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        d = self.__dict__.copy()
+        d.pop("f")
+        if "r" in self.mode:
+            d["loc"] = self.f.tell()
+        else:
+            if not self.f.closed:
+                raise ValueError("Cannot serialise open write-mode local file")
+        return d
+
+    def commit(self):
+        if self.autocommit:
+            raise RuntimeError("Can only commit if not already set to autocommit")
+        try:
+            shutil.move(self.temp, self.path)
+        except PermissionError as e:
+            # shutil.move raises PermissionError if os.rename
+            # and the default copy2 fallback with shutil.copystats fail.
+            # The file should be there nonetheless, but without copied permissions.
+            # If it doesn't exist, there was no permission to create the file.
+            if not os.path.exists(self.path):
+                raise e
+        else:
+            # If PermissionError is not raised, permissions can be set.
+            try:
+                mask = 0o666
+                os.chmod(self.path, mask & ~get_umask(mask))
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+
+    def discard(self):
+        if self.autocommit:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot discard if set to autocommit")
+        os.remove(self.temp)
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        return "r" not in self.mode
+
+    def read(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.read(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.write(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def tell(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.tell(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def seek(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.seek(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def seekable(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.seekable(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def readline(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.readline(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def readlines(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.readlines(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def close(self):
+        return self.f.close()
+
+    def truncate(self, size=None) -> int:
+        return self.f.truncate(size)
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        return self.f.closed
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.raw.fileno()
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        self.f.flush()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.f.__iter__()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        return getattr(self.f, item)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._incontext = True
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        self._incontext = False
+        self.f.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/memory.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/memory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6b67bbc84e7aa625eee5609c20f6a893ddd349e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/memory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from errno import ENOTEMPTY
+from io import BytesIO
+from pathlib import PurePath, PureWindowsPath
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.implementations.local import LocalFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import stringify_path
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.memoryfs")
+
+
+class MemoryFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """A filesystem based on a dict of BytesIO objects
+
+    This is a global filesystem so instances of this class all point to the same
+    in memory filesystem.
+    """
+
+    store: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]] = {}  # global, do not overwrite!
+    pseudo_dirs = [""]  # global, do not overwrite!
+    protocol = "memory"
+    root_marker = "/"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        if isinstance(path, PurePath):
+            if isinstance(path, PureWindowsPath):
+                return LocalFileSystem._strip_protocol(path)
+            else:
+                path = stringify_path(path)
+
+        path = path.removeprefix("memory://")
+        if "::" in path or "://" in path:
+            return path.rstrip("/")
+        path = path.lstrip("/").rstrip("/")
+        return "/" + path if path else ""
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path in self.store:
+            # there is a key with this exact name
+            if not detail:
+                return [path]
+            return [
+                {
+                    "name": path,
+                    "size": self.store[path].size,
+                    "type": "file",
+                    "created": self.store[path].created.timestamp(),
+                }
+            ]
+        paths = set()
+        starter = path + "/"
+        out = []
+        for p2 in tuple(self.store):
+            if p2.startswith(starter):
+                if "/" not in p2[len(starter) :]:
+                    # exact child
+                    out.append(
+                        {
+                            "name": p2,
+                            "size": self.store[p2].size,
+                            "type": "file",
+                            "created": self.store[p2].created.timestamp(),
+                        }
+                    )
+                elif len(p2) > len(starter):
+                    # implied child directory
+                    ppath = starter + p2[len(starter) :].split("/", 1)[0]
+                    if ppath not in paths:
+                        out = out or []
+                        out.append(
+                            {
+                                "name": ppath,
+                                "size": 0,
+                                "type": "directory",
+                            }
+                        )
+                        paths.add(ppath)
+        for p2 in self.pseudo_dirs:
+            if p2.startswith(starter):
+                if "/" not in p2[len(starter) :]:
+                    # exact child pdir
+                    if p2 not in paths:
+                        out.append({"name": p2, "size": 0, "type": "directory"})
+                        paths.add(p2)
+                else:
+                    # directory implied by deeper pdir
+                    ppath = starter + p2[len(starter) :].split("/", 1)[0]
+                    if ppath not in paths:
+                        out.append({"name": ppath, "size": 0, "type": "directory"})
+                        paths.add(ppath)
+        if not out:
+            if path in self.pseudo_dirs:
+                # empty dir
+                return []
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        return sorted([f["name"] for f in out])
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path in self.store or path in self.pseudo_dirs:
+            raise FileExistsError(path)
+        if self._parent(path).strip("/") and self.isfile(self._parent(path)):
+            raise NotADirectoryError(self._parent(path))
+        if create_parents and self._parent(path).strip("/"):
+            try:
+                self.mkdir(self._parent(path), create_parents, **kwargs)
+            except FileExistsError:
+                pass
+        if path and path not in self.pseudo_dirs:
+            self.pseudo_dirs.append(path)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        try:
+            self.mkdir(path, create_parents=True)
+        except FileExistsError:
+            if not exist_ok:
+                raise
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        """Set the bytes of given file
+
+        Avoids copies of the data if possible
+        """
+        mode = "xb" if mode == "create" else "wb"
+        self.open(path, mode=mode, data=value)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path == "":
+            # silently avoid deleting FS root
+            return
+        if path in self.pseudo_dirs:
+            if not self.ls(path):
+                self.pseudo_dirs.remove(path)
+            else:
+                raise OSError(ENOTEMPTY, "Directory not empty", path)
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        logger.debug("info: %s", path)
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path in self.pseudo_dirs or any(
+            p.startswith(path + "/") for p in list(self.store) + self.pseudo_dirs
+        ):
+            return {
+                "name": path,
+                "size": 0,
+                "type": "directory",
+            }
+        elif path in self.store:
+            filelike = self.store[path]
+            return {
+                "name": path,
+                "size": filelike.size,
+                "type": "file",
+                "created": getattr(filelike, "created", None),
+            }
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if "x" in mode and self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError
+        if path in self.pseudo_dirs:
+            raise IsADirectoryError(path)
+        parent = path
+        while len(parent) > 1:
+            parent = self._parent(parent)
+            if self.isfile(parent):
+                raise FileExistsError(parent)
+        if mode in ["rb", "ab", "r+b", "a+b"]:
+            if path in self.store:
+                f = self.store[path]
+                if "a" in mode:
+                    # position at the end of file
+                    f.seek(0, 2)
+                else:
+                    # position at the beginning of file
+                    f.seek(0)
+                return f
+            else:
+                raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        elif mode in {"wb", "w+b", "xb", "x+b"}:
+            if "x" in mode and self.exists(path):
+                raise FileExistsError
+            m = MemoryFile(self, path, kwargs.get("data"))
+            if not self._intrans:
+                m.commit()
+            return m
+        else:
+            name = self.__class__.__name__
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported file mode for {name}: {mode!r}")
+
+    def cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1)
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2)
+        if self.isfile(path1):
+            self.store[path2] = MemoryFile(
+                self, path2, self.store[path1].getvalue()
+            )  # implicit copy
+        elif self.isdir(path1):
+            if path2 not in self.pseudo_dirs:
+                self.pseudo_dirs.append(path2)
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path1)
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        logger.debug("cat: %s", path)
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        try:
+            return bytes(self.store[path].getbuffer()[start:end])
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from e
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        try:
+            del self.store[path]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from e
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        try:
+            return self.store[path].modified
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from e
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        try:
+            return self.store[path].created
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from e
+
+    def isfile(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        return path in self.store
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        else:
+            path = [self._strip_protocol(p) for p in path]
+        paths = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+        for p in reversed(paths):
+            if self.isfile(p):
+                self.rm_file(p)
+            # If the expanded path doesn't exist, it is only because the expanded
+            # path was a directory that does not exist in self.pseudo_dirs. This
+            # is possible if you directly create files without making the
+            # directories first.
+            elif not self.exists(p):
+                continue
+            else:
+                self.rmdir(p)
+
+
+class MemoryFile(BytesIO):
+    """A BytesIO which can't close and works as a context manager
+
+    Can initialise with data. Each path should only be active once at any moment.
+
+    No need to provide fs, path if auto-committing (default)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, fs=None, path=None, data=None):
+        logger.debug("open file %s", path)
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.path = path
+        self.created = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+        self.modified = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+        if data:
+            super().__init__(data)
+            self.seek(0)
+
+    @property
+    def size(self):
+        return self.getbuffer().nbytes
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def close(self):
+        pass
+
+    def discard(self):
+        pass
+
+    def commit(self):
+        self.fs.store[self.path] = self
+        self.modified = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/reference.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/reference.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b5e1b1b6bc938f1cbc1c595e761e4d062aea31d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/reference.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1339 @@
+import base64
+import collections
+import io
+import itertools
+import logging
+import math
+import os
+from functools import lru_cache
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
+
+import fsspec.core
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+
+try:
+    import ujson as json
+except ImportError:
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        import json
+
+from fsspec.asyn import AsyncFileSystem
+from fsspec.callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from fsspec.core import filesystem, open, split_protocol
+from fsspec.implementations.asyn_wrapper import AsyncFileSystemWrapper
+from fsspec.utils import (
+    isfilelike,
+    merge_offset_ranges,
+    other_paths,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.reference")
+
+
+class ReferenceNotReachable(RuntimeError):
+    def __init__(self, reference, target, *args):
+        super().__init__(*args)
+        self.reference = reference
+        self.target = target
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f'Reference "{self.reference}" failed to fetch target {self.target}'
+
+
+def _first(d):
+    return next(iter(d.values()))
+
+
+def _prot_in_references(path, references):
+    ref = references.get(path)
+    if isinstance(ref, (list, tuple)) and isinstance(ref[0], str):
+        return split_protocol(ref[0])[0] if ref[0] else ref[0]
+
+
+def _protocol_groups(paths, references):
+    if isinstance(paths, str):
+        return {_prot_in_references(paths, references): [paths]}
+    out = {}
+    for path in paths:
+        protocol = _prot_in_references(path, references)
+        out.setdefault(protocol, []).append(path)
+    return out
+
+
+class RefsValuesView(collections.abc.ValuesView):
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for val in self._mapping.zmetadata.values():
+            yield json.dumps(val).encode()
+        yield from self._mapping._items.values()
+        for field in self._mapping.listdir():
+            chunk_sizes = self._mapping._get_chunk_sizes(field)
+            if len(chunk_sizes) == 0:
+                yield self._mapping[field + "/0"]
+                continue
+            yield from self._mapping._generate_all_records(field)
+
+
+class RefsItemsView(collections.abc.ItemsView):
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return zip(self._mapping.keys(), self._mapping.values())
+
+
+def ravel_multi_index(idx, sizes):
+    val = 0
+    mult = 1
+    for i, s in zip(idx[::-1], sizes[::-1]):
+        val += i * mult
+        mult *= s
+    return val
+
+
+class LazyReferenceMapper(collections.abc.MutableMapping):
+    """This interface can be used to read/write references from Parquet stores.
+    It is not intended for other types of references.
+    It can be used with Kerchunk's MultiZarrToZarr method to combine
+    references into a parquet store.
+    Examples of this use-case can be found here:
+    https://fsspec.github.io/kerchunk/advanced.html?highlight=parquet#parquet-storage"""
+
+    # import is class level to prevent numpy dep requirement for fsspec
+    @property
+    def np(self):
+        import numpy as np
+
+        return np
+
+    @property
+    def pd(self):
+        import pandas as pd
+
+        return pd
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        root,
+        fs=None,
+        out_root=None,
+        cache_size=128,
+        categorical_threshold=10,
+        engine: Literal["fastparquet", "pyarrow"] = "fastparquet",
+    ):
+        """
+
+        This instance will be writable, storing changes in memory until full partitions
+        are accumulated or .flush() is called.
+
+        To create an empty lazy store, use .create()
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        root : str
+            Root of parquet store
+        fs : fsspec.AbstractFileSystem
+            fsspec filesystem object, default is local filesystem.
+        cache_size : int, default=128
+            Maximum size of LRU cache, where cache_size*record_size denotes
+            the total number of references that can be loaded in memory at once.
+        categorical_threshold : int
+            Encode urls as pandas.Categorical to reduce memory footprint if the ratio
+            of the number of unique urls to total number of refs for each variable
+            is greater than or equal to this number. (default 10)
+        engine: Literal["fastparquet","pyarrow"]
+            Engine choice for reading parquet files. (default is "fastparquet")
+        """
+
+        self.root = root
+        self.chunk_sizes = {}
+        self.cat_thresh = categorical_threshold
+        self.engine = engine
+        self.cache_size = cache_size
+        self.url = self.root + "/{field}/refs.{record}.parq"
+        # TODO: derive fs from `root`
+        self.fs = fsspec.filesystem("file") if fs is None else fs
+        self.out_root = self.fs.unstrip_protocol(out_root or self.root)
+
+        from importlib.util import find_spec
+
+        if self.engine == "pyarrow" and find_spec("pyarrow") is None:
+            raise ImportError("engine choice `pyarrow` is not installed.")
+
+        # Apply `lru_cache` decorator manually per instance.
+        # This way `self` reference is not held on class level.
+        # WARNING: However, this means that self and its members are not reflected
+        # in the cache key, so we expect they won't be mutated once a value is cached.
+        self.listdir = lru_cache()(self.listdir)
+        self._key_to_record = lru_cache(maxsize=4096)(self._key_to_record)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item in ("_items", "record_size", "zmetadata"):
+            self.setup()
+            # avoid possible recursion if setup fails somehow
+            return self.__dict__[item]
+        raise AttributeError(item)
+
+    def setup(self):
+        self._items = {}
+        self._items[".zmetadata"] = self.fs.cat_file(
+            "/".join([self.root, ".zmetadata"])
+        )
+        met = json.loads(self._items[".zmetadata"])
+        self.record_size = met["record_size"]
+        self.zmetadata = met["metadata"]
+
+        # Define function to open and decompress refs
+        @lru_cache(maxsize=self.cache_size)
+        def open_refs(field, record):
+            """cached parquet file loader"""
+            path = self.url.format(field=field, record=record)
+            data = io.BytesIO(self.fs.cat_file(path))
+            try:
+                df = self.pd.read_parquet(data, engine=self.engine)
+                refs = {c: df[c].to_numpy(copy=True) for c in df.columns}
+            except OSError:
+                refs = None
+            return refs
+
+        self.open_refs = open_refs
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create(root, storage_options=None, fs=None, record_size=10000, **kwargs):
+        """Make empty parquet reference set
+
+        First deletes the contents of the given directory, if it exists.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        root: str
+            Directory to contain the output; will be created
+        storage_options: dict | None
+            For making the filesystem to use for writing is fs is None
+        fs: FileSystem | None
+            Filesystem for writing
+        record_size: int
+            Number of references per parquet file
+        kwargs: passed to __init__
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        LazyReferenceMapper instance
+        """
+        met = {"metadata": {}, "record_size": record_size}
+        if fs is None:
+            fs, root = fsspec.core.url_to_fs(root, **(storage_options or {}))
+        if fs.exists(root):
+            fs.rm(root, recursive=True)
+        fs.makedirs(root, exist_ok=True)
+        fs.pipe("/".join([root, ".zmetadata"]), json.dumps(met).encode())
+        return LazyReferenceMapper(root, fs, **kwargs)
+
+    def listdir(self):
+        """List top-level directories"""
+        dirs = (p.rsplit("/", 1)[0] for p in self.zmetadata if not p.startswith(".z"))
+        return set(dirs)
+
+    def ls(self, path="", detail=True):
+        """Shortcut file listings"""
+        path = path.rstrip("/")
+        pathdash = path + "/" if path else ""
+        dirnames = self.listdir()
+        dirs = [
+            d
+            for d in dirnames
+            if d.startswith(pathdash) and "/" not in d.lstrip(pathdash)
+        ]
+        if dirs:
+            others = {
+                f
+                for f in chain(
+                    [".zmetadata"],
+                    (name for name in self.zmetadata),
+                    (name for name in self._items),
+                )
+                if f.startswith(pathdash) and "/" not in f.lstrip(pathdash)
+            }
+            if detail is False:
+                others.update(dirs)
+                return sorted(others)
+            dirinfo = [{"name": name, "type": "directory", "size": 0} for name in dirs]
+            fileinfo = [
+                {
+                    "name": name,
+                    "type": "file",
+                    "size": len(
+                        json.dumps(self.zmetadata[name])
+                        if name in self.zmetadata
+                        else self._items[name]
+                    ),
+                }
+                for name in others
+            ]
+            return sorted(dirinfo + fileinfo, key=lambda s: s["name"])
+        field = path
+        others = set(
+            [name for name in self.zmetadata if name.startswith(f"{path}/")]
+            + [name for name in self._items if name.startswith(f"{path}/")]
+        )
+        fileinfo = [
+            {
+                "name": name,
+                "type": "file",
+                "size": len(
+                    json.dumps(self.zmetadata[name])
+                    if name in self.zmetadata
+                    else self._items[name]
+                ),
+            }
+            for name in others
+        ]
+        keys = self._keys_in_field(field)
+
+        if detail is False:
+            return list(others) + list(keys)
+        recs = self._generate_all_records(field)
+        recinfo = [
+            {"name": name, "type": "file", "size": rec[-1]}
+            for name, rec in zip(keys, recs)
+            if rec[0]  # filters out path==None, deleted/missing
+        ]
+        return fileinfo + recinfo
+
+    def _load_one_key(self, key):
+        """Get the reference for one key
+
+        Returns bytes, one-element list or three-element list.
+        """
+        if key in self._items:
+            return self._items[key]
+        elif key in self.zmetadata:
+            return json.dumps(self.zmetadata[key]).encode()
+        elif "/" not in key or self._is_meta(key):
+            raise KeyError(key)
+        field, _ = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+        record, ri, chunk_size = self._key_to_record(key)
+        maybe = self._items.get((field, record), {}).get(ri, False)
+        if maybe is None:
+            # explicitly deleted
+            raise KeyError
+        elif maybe:
+            return maybe
+        elif chunk_size == 0:
+            return b""
+
+        # Chunk keys can be loaded from row group and cached in LRU cache
+        try:
+            refs = self.open_refs(field, record)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError, FileNotFoundError) as exc:
+            raise KeyError(key) from exc
+        columns = ["path", "offset", "size", "raw"]
+        selection = [refs[c][ri] if c in refs else None for c in columns]
+        raw = selection[-1]
+        if raw is not None:
+            return raw
+        if selection[0] is None:
+            raise KeyError("This reference does not exist or has been deleted")
+        if selection[1:3] == [0, 0]:
+            # URL only
+            return selection[:1]
+        # URL, offset, size
+        return selection[:3]
+
+    def _key_to_record(self, key):
+        """Details needed to construct a reference for one key"""
+        field, chunk = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+        chunk_sizes = self._get_chunk_sizes(field)
+        if len(chunk_sizes) == 0:
+            return 0, 0, 0
+        chunk_idx = [int(c) for c in chunk.split(".")]
+        chunk_number = ravel_multi_index(chunk_idx, chunk_sizes)
+        record = chunk_number // self.record_size
+        ri = chunk_number % self.record_size
+        return record, ri, len(chunk_sizes)
+
+    def _get_chunk_sizes(self, field):
+        """The number of chunks along each axis for a given field"""
+        if field not in self.chunk_sizes:
+            zarray = self.zmetadata[f"{field}/.zarray"]
+            size_ratio = [
+                math.ceil(s / c) for s, c in zip(zarray["shape"], zarray["chunks"])
+            ]
+            self.chunk_sizes[field] = size_ratio or [1]
+        return self.chunk_sizes[field]
+
+    def _generate_record(self, field, record):
+        """The references for a given parquet file of a given field"""
+        refs = self.open_refs(field, record)
+        it = iter(zip(*refs.values()))
+        if len(refs) == 3:
+            # All urls
+            return (list(t) for t in it)
+        elif len(refs) == 1:
+            # All raws
+            return refs["raw"]
+        else:
+            # Mix of urls and raws
+            return (list(t[:3]) if not t[3] else t[3] for t in it)
+
+    def _generate_all_records(self, field):
+        """Load all the references within a field by iterating over the parquet files"""
+        nrec = 1
+        for ch in self._get_chunk_sizes(field):
+            nrec *= ch
+        nrec = math.ceil(nrec / self.record_size)
+        for record in range(nrec):
+            yield from self._generate_record(field, record)
+
+    def values(self):
+        return RefsValuesView(self)
+
+    def items(self):
+        return RefsItemsView(self)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self._load_one_key(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if "/" in key and not self._is_meta(key):
+            field, chunk = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+            record, i, _ = self._key_to_record(key)
+            subdict = self._items.setdefault((field, record), {})
+            subdict[i] = value
+            if len(subdict) == self.record_size:
+                self.write(field, record)
+        else:
+            # metadata or top-level
+            if hasattr(value, "to_bytes"):
+                val = value.to_bytes().decode()
+            elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+                val = value.decode()
+            else:
+                val = value
+            self._items[key] = val
+            new_value = json.loads(val)
+            self.zmetadata[key] = {**self.zmetadata.get(key, {}), **new_value}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_meta(key):
+        return key.startswith(".z") or "/.z" in key
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        if key in self._items:
+            del self._items[key]
+        elif key in self.zmetadata:
+            del self.zmetadata[key]
+        else:
+            if "/" in key and not self._is_meta(key):
+                field, _ = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+                record, i, _ = self._key_to_record(key)
+                subdict = self._items.setdefault((field, record), {})
+                subdict[i] = None
+                if len(subdict) == self.record_size:
+                    self.write(field, record)
+            else:
+                # metadata or top-level
+                self._items[key] = None
+
+    def write(self, field, record, base_url=None, storage_options=None):
+        # extra requirements if writing
+        import kerchunk.df
+        import numpy as np
+        import pandas as pd
+
+        partition = self._items[(field, record)]
+        original = False
+        if len(partition) < self.record_size:
+            try:
+                original = self.open_refs(field, record)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+        if original:
+            paths = original["path"]
+            offsets = original["offset"]
+            sizes = original["size"]
+            raws = original["raw"]
+        else:
+            paths = np.full(self.record_size, np.nan, dtype="O")
+            offsets = np.zeros(self.record_size, dtype="int64")
+            sizes = np.zeros(self.record_size, dtype="int64")
+            raws = np.full(self.record_size, np.nan, dtype="O")
+        for j, data in partition.items():
+            if isinstance(data, list):
+                if (
+                    str(paths.dtype) == "category"
+                    and data[0] not in paths.dtype.categories
+                ):
+                    paths = paths.add_categories(data[0])
+                paths[j] = data[0]
+                if len(data) > 1:
+                    offsets[j] = data[1]
+                    sizes[j] = data[2]
+            elif data is None:
+                # delete
+                paths[j] = None
+                offsets[j] = 0
+                sizes[j] = 0
+                raws[j] = None
+            else:
+                # this is the only call into kerchunk, could remove
+                raws[j] = kerchunk.df._proc_raw(data)
+        # TODO: only save needed columns
+        df = pd.DataFrame(
+            {
+                "path": paths,
+                "offset": offsets,
+                "size": sizes,
+                "raw": raws,
+            },
+            copy=False,
+        )
+        if df.path.count() / (df.path.nunique() or 1) > self.cat_thresh:
+            df["path"] = df["path"].astype("category")
+        object_encoding = {"raw": "bytes", "path": "utf8"}
+        has_nulls = ["path", "raw"]
+
+        fn = f"{base_url or self.out_root}/{field}/refs.{record}.parq"
+        self.fs.mkdirs(f"{base_url or self.out_root}/{field}", exist_ok=True)
+
+        if self.engine == "pyarrow":
+            df_backend_kwargs = {"write_statistics": False}
+        elif self.engine == "fastparquet":
+            df_backend_kwargs = {
+                "stats": False,
+                "object_encoding": object_encoding,
+                "has_nulls": has_nulls,
+            }
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{self.engine} not supported")
+        df.to_parquet(
+            fn,
+            engine=self.engine,
+            storage_options=storage_options
+            or getattr(self.fs, "storage_options", None),
+            compression="zstd",
+            index=False,
+            **df_backend_kwargs,
+        )
+
+        partition.clear()
+        self._items.pop((field, record))
+
+    def flush(self, base_url=None, storage_options=None):
+        """Output any modified or deleted keys
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        base_url: str
+            Location of the output
+        """
+
+        # write what we have so far and clear sub chunks
+        for thing in list(self._items):
+            if isinstance(thing, tuple):
+                field, record = thing
+                self.write(
+                    field,
+                    record,
+                    base_url=base_url,
+                    storage_options=storage_options,
+                )
+
+        # gather .zmetadata from self._items and write that too
+        for k in list(self._items):
+            if k != ".zmetadata" and ".z" in k:
+                self.zmetadata[k] = json.loads(self._items.pop(k))
+        met = {"metadata": self.zmetadata, "record_size": self.record_size}
+        self._items.clear()
+        self._items[".zmetadata"] = json.dumps(met).encode()
+        self.fs.pipe(
+            "/".join([base_url or self.out_root, ".zmetadata"]),
+            self._items[".zmetadata"],
+        )
+
+        # TODO: only clear those that we wrote to?
+        self.open_refs.cache_clear()
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        # Caveat: This counts expected references, not actual - but is fast
+        count = 0
+        for field in self.listdir():
+            if field.startswith("."):
+                count += 1
+            else:
+                count += math.prod(self._get_chunk_sizes(field))
+        count += len(self.zmetadata)  # all metadata keys
+        # any other files not in reference partitions
+        count += sum(1 for _ in self._items if not isinstance(_, tuple))
+        return count
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        # Caveat: returns only existing keys, so the number of these does not
+        #  match len(self)
+        metas = set(self.zmetadata)
+        metas.update(self._items)
+        for bit in metas:
+            if isinstance(bit, str):
+                yield bit
+        for field in self.listdir():
+            for k in self._keys_in_field(field):
+                if k in self:
+                    yield k
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        try:
+            self._load_one_key(item)
+            return True
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+    def _keys_in_field(self, field):
+        """List key names in given field
+
+        Produces strings like "field/x.y" appropriate from the chunking of the array
+        """
+        chunk_sizes = self._get_chunk_sizes(field)
+        if len(chunk_sizes) == 0:
+            yield field + "/0"
+            return
+        inds = itertools.product(*(range(i) for i in chunk_sizes))
+        for ind in inds:
+            yield field + "/" + ".".join([str(c) for c in ind])
+
+
+class ReferenceFileSystem(AsyncFileSystem):
+    """View byte ranges of some other file as a file system
+    Initial version: single file system target, which must support
+    async, and must allow start and end args in _cat_file. Later versions
+    may allow multiple arbitrary URLs for the targets.
+    This FileSystem is read-only. It is designed to be used with async
+    targets (for now). We do not get original file details from the target FS.
+    Configuration is by passing a dict of references at init, or a URL to
+    a JSON file containing the same; this dict
+    can also contain concrete data for some set of paths.
+    Reference dict format:
+    {path0: bytes_data, path1: (target_url, offset, size)}
+    https://github.com/fsspec/kerchunk/blob/main/README.md
+
+    simple_references: if True (default), no jinja interpreting is done,
+        which is the safe option.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "reference"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fo,
+        target=None,
+        ref_storage_args=None,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        remote_protocol=None,
+        remote_options=None,
+        fs=None,
+        template_overrides=None,
+        simple_templates=True,
+        max_gap=64_000,
+        max_block=256_000_000,
+        cache_size=128,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fo : dict or str
+            The set of references to use for this instance, with a structure as above.
+            If str referencing a JSON file, will use fsspec.open, in conjunction
+            with target_options and target_protocol to open and parse JSON at this
+            location. If a directory, then assume references are a set of parquet
+            files to be loaded lazily.
+        target : str
+            For any references having target_url as None, this is the default file
+            target to use
+        ref_storage_args : dict
+            If references is a str, use these kwargs for loading the JSON file.
+            Deprecated: use target_options instead.
+        target_protocol : str
+            Used for loading the reference file, if it is a path. If None, protocol
+            will be derived from the given path
+        target_options : dict
+            Extra FS options for loading the reference file ``fo``, if given as a path
+        remote_protocol : str
+            The protocol of the filesystem on which the references will be evaluated
+            (unless fs is provided). If not given, will be derived from the first
+            URL that has a protocol in the templates or in the references, in that
+            order.
+        remote_options : dict
+            kwargs to go with remote_protocol
+        fs : AbstractFileSystem | dict(str, (AbstractFileSystem | dict))
+            Directly provide a file system(s):
+                - a single filesystem instance
+                - a dict of protocol:filesystem, where each value is either a filesystem
+                  instance, or a dict of kwargs that can be used to create in
+                  instance for the given protocol
+
+            If this is given, remote_options and remote_protocol are ignored.
+        template_overrides : dict
+            Swap out any templates in the references file with these - useful for
+            testing.
+        simple_templates: bool
+            Whether templates can be processed with simple replace (True) or if
+            jinja  is needed (False, much slower). All reference sets produced by
+            ``kerchunk`` are simple in this sense, but the spec allows for complex.
+        max_gap, max_block: int
+            For merging multiple concurrent requests to the same remote file.
+            Neighboring byte ranges will only be merged when their
+            inter-range gap is <= ``max_gap``. Default is 64KB. Set to 0
+            to only merge when it requires no extra bytes. Pass a negative
+            number to disable merging, appropriate for local target files.
+            Neighboring byte ranges will only be merged when the size of
+            the aggregated range is <= ``max_block``. Default is 256MB.
+        cache_size : int
+            Maximum size of LRU cache, where cache_size*record_size denotes
+            the total number of references that can be loaded in memory at once.
+            Only used for lazily loaded references.
+        kwargs : passed to parent class
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.target = target
+        self.template_overrides = template_overrides
+        self.simple_templates = simple_templates
+        self.templates = {}
+        self.fss = {}
+        self._dircache = {}
+        self.max_gap = max_gap
+        self.max_block = max_block
+        if isinstance(fo, str):
+            dic = dict(
+                **(ref_storage_args or target_options or {}), protocol=target_protocol
+            )
+            ref_fs, fo2 = fsspec.core.url_to_fs(fo, **dic)
+            if ".json" not in fo2 and (
+                fo.endswith(("parq", "parquet", "/")) or ref_fs.isdir(fo2)
+            ):
+                # Lazy parquet refs
+                logger.info("Open lazy reference dict from URL %s", fo)
+                self.references = LazyReferenceMapper(
+                    fo2,
+                    fs=ref_fs,
+                    cache_size=cache_size,
+                )
+            else:
+                # text JSON
+                with fsspec.open(fo, "rb", **dic) as f:
+                    logger.info("Read reference from URL %s", fo)
+                    text = json.load(f)
+                self._process_references(text, template_overrides)
+        else:
+            # dictionaries
+            self._process_references(fo, template_overrides)
+        if isinstance(fs, dict):
+            self.fss = {
+                k: (
+                    fsspec.filesystem(k.split(":", 1)[0], **opts)
+                    if isinstance(opts, dict)
+                    else opts
+                )
+                for k, opts in fs.items()
+            }
+            if None not in self.fss:
+                self.fss[None] = filesystem("file")
+            return
+        if fs is not None:
+            # single remote FS
+            remote_protocol = (
+                fs.protocol[0] if isinstance(fs.protocol, tuple) else fs.protocol
+            )
+            self.fss[remote_protocol] = fs
+
+        if remote_protocol is None:
+            # get single protocol from any templates
+            for ref in self.templates.values():
+                if callable(ref):
+                    ref = ref()
+                protocol, _ = fsspec.core.split_protocol(ref)
+                if protocol and protocol not in self.fss:
+                    fs = filesystem(protocol, **(remote_options or {}))
+                    self.fss[protocol] = fs
+        if remote_protocol is None:
+            # get single protocol from references
+            # TODO: warning here, since this can be very expensive?
+            for ref in self.references.values():
+                if callable(ref):
+                    ref = ref()
+                if isinstance(ref, list) and ref[0]:
+                    protocol, _ = fsspec.core.split_protocol(ref[0])
+                    if protocol not in self.fss:
+                        fs = filesystem(protocol, **(remote_options or {}))
+                        self.fss[protocol] = fs
+                        # only use first remote URL
+                        break
+
+        if remote_protocol and remote_protocol not in self.fss:
+            fs = filesystem(remote_protocol, **(remote_options or {}))
+            self.fss[remote_protocol] = fs
+
+        self.fss[None] = fs or filesystem("file")  # default one
+        # Wrap any non-async filesystems to ensure async methods are available below
+        for k, f in self.fss.items():
+            if not f.async_impl:
+                self.fss[k] = AsyncFileSystemWrapper(f, asynchronous=self.asynchronous)
+            elif self.asynchronous ^ f.asynchronous:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Reference-FS's target filesystem must have same value "
+                    "of asynchronous"
+                )
+
+    def _cat_common(self, path, start=None, end=None):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        logger.debug(f"cat: {path}")
+        try:
+            part = self.references[path]
+        except KeyError as exc:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from exc
+        if isinstance(part, str):
+            part = part.encode()
+        if hasattr(part, "to_bytes"):
+            part = part.to_bytes()
+        if isinstance(part, bytes):
+            logger.debug(f"Reference: {path}, type bytes")
+            if part.startswith(b"base64:"):
+                part = base64.b64decode(part[7:])
+            return part, None, None
+
+        if len(part) == 1:
+            logger.debug(f"Reference: {path}, whole file => {part}")
+            url = part[0]
+            start1, end1 = start, end
+        else:
+            url, start0, size = part
+            logger.debug(f"Reference: {path} => {url}, offset {start0}, size {size}")
+            end0 = start0 + size
+
+            if start is not None:
+                if start >= 0:
+                    start1 = start0 + start
+                else:
+                    start1 = end0 + start
+            else:
+                start1 = start0
+            if end is not None:
+                if end >= 0:
+                    end1 = start0 + end
+                else:
+                    end1 = end0 + end
+            else:
+                end1 = end0
+        if url is None:
+            url = self.target
+        return url, start1, end1
+
+    async def _cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        part_or_url, start0, end0 = self._cat_common(path, start=start, end=end)
+        if isinstance(part_or_url, bytes):
+            return part_or_url[start:end]
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        try:
+            return await self.fss[protocol]._cat_file(
+                part_or_url, start=start0, end=end0
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ReferenceNotReachable(path, part_or_url) from e
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        part_or_url, start0, end0 = self._cat_common(path, start=start, end=end)
+        if isinstance(part_or_url, bytes):
+            return part_or_url[start:end]
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        try:
+            return self.fss[protocol].cat_file(part_or_url, start=start0, end=end0)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ReferenceNotReachable(path, part_or_url) from e
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, **_):
+        """Temporarily add binary data or reference as a file"""
+        self.references[path] = value
+
+    async def _get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        if self.isdir(rpath):
+            return os.makedirs(lpath, exist_ok=True)
+        data = await self._cat_file(rpath)
+        with open(lpath, "wb") as f:
+            f.write(data)
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK, **kwargs):
+        if self.isdir(rpath):
+            return os.makedirs(lpath, exist_ok=True)
+        data = self.cat_file(rpath, **kwargs)
+        callback.set_size(len(data))
+        if isfilelike(lpath):
+            lpath.write(data)
+        else:
+            with open(lpath, "wb") as f:
+                f.write(data)
+        callback.absolute_update(len(data))
+
+    def get(self, rpath, lpath, recursive=False, **kwargs):
+        if recursive:
+            # trigger directory build
+            self.ls("")
+        rpath = self.expand_path(rpath, recursive=recursive)
+        fs = fsspec.filesystem("file", auto_mkdir=True)
+        targets = other_paths(rpath, lpath)
+        if recursive:
+            data = self.cat([r for r in rpath if not self.isdir(r)])
+        else:
+            data = self.cat(rpath)
+        for remote, local in zip(rpath, targets):
+            if remote in data:
+                fs.pipe_file(local, data[remote])
+
+    def cat(self, path, recursive=False, on_error="raise", **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(path, str) and recursive:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        if isinstance(path, list) and (recursive or any("*" in p for p in path)):
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        # TODO: if references is lazy, pre-fetch all paths in batch before access
+        proto_dict = _protocol_groups(path, self.references)
+        out = {}
+        for proto, paths in proto_dict.items():
+            fs = self.fss[proto]
+            urls, starts, ends, valid_paths = [], [], [], []
+            for p in paths:
+                # find references or label not-found. Early exit if any not
+                # found and on_error is "raise"
+                try:
+                    u, s, e = self._cat_common(p)
+                    if not isinstance(u, (bytes, str)):
+                        # nan/None from parquet
+                        continue
+                except FileNotFoundError as err:
+                    if on_error == "raise":
+                        raise
+                    if on_error != "omit":
+                        out[p] = err
+                else:
+                    urls.append(u)
+                    starts.append(s)
+                    ends.append(e)
+                    valid_paths.append(p)
+
+            # process references into form for merging
+            urls2 = []
+            starts2 = []
+            ends2 = []
+            paths2 = []
+            whole_files = set()
+            for u, s, e, p in zip(urls, starts, ends, valid_paths):
+                if isinstance(u, bytes):
+                    # data
+                    out[p] = u
+                elif s is None:
+                    # whole file - limits are None, None, but no further
+                    # entries take for this file
+                    whole_files.add(u)
+                    urls2.append(u)
+                    starts2.append(s)
+                    ends2.append(e)
+                    paths2.append(p)
+            for u, s, e, p in zip(urls, starts, ends, valid_paths):
+                # second run to account for files that are to be loaded whole
+                if s is not None and u not in whole_files:
+                    urls2.append(u)
+                    starts2.append(s)
+                    ends2.append(e)
+                    paths2.append(p)
+
+            # merge and fetch consolidated ranges
+            new_paths, new_starts, new_ends = merge_offset_ranges(
+                list(urls2),
+                list(starts2),
+                list(ends2),
+                sort=True,
+                max_gap=self.max_gap,
+                max_block=self.max_block,
+            )
+            bytes_out = fs.cat_ranges(new_paths, new_starts, new_ends)
+
+            # unbundle from merged bytes - simple approach
+            for u, s, e, p in zip(urls, starts, ends, valid_paths):
+                if p in out:
+                    continue  # was bytes, already handled
+                for np, ns, ne, b in zip(new_paths, new_starts, new_ends, bytes_out):
+                    if np == u and (ns is None or ne is None):
+                        if isinstance(b, Exception):
+                            out[p] = b
+                        else:
+                            out[p] = b[s:e]
+                    elif np == u and s >= ns and e <= ne:
+                        if isinstance(b, Exception):
+                            out[p] = b
+                        else:
+                            out[p] = b[s - ns : (e - ne) or None]
+
+        for k, v in out.copy().items():
+            # these were valid references, but fetch failed, so transform exc
+            if isinstance(v, Exception) and k in self.references:
+                ex = out[k]
+                new_ex = ReferenceNotReachable(k, self.references[k])
+                new_ex.__cause__ = ex
+                if on_error == "raise":
+                    raise new_ex
+                elif on_error != "omit":
+                    out[k] = new_ex
+
+        if len(out) == 1 and isinstance(path, str) and "*" not in path:
+            return _first(out)
+        return out
+
+    def _process_references(self, references, template_overrides=None):
+        vers = references.get("version", None)
+        if vers is None:
+            self._process_references0(references)
+        elif vers == 1:
+            self._process_references1(references, template_overrides=template_overrides)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown reference spec version: {vers}")
+        # TODO: we make dircache by iterating over all entries, but for Spec >= 1,
+        #  can replace with programmatic. Is it even needed for mapper interface?
+
+    def _process_references0(self, references):
+        """Make reference dict for Spec Version 0"""
+        if isinstance(references, dict):
+            # do not do this for lazy/parquet backend, which will not make dicts,
+            # but must remain writable in the original object
+            references = {
+                key: json.dumps(val) if isinstance(val, dict) else val
+                for key, val in references.items()
+            }
+        self.references = references
+
+    def _process_references1(self, references, template_overrides=None):
+        if not self.simple_templates or self.templates:
+            import jinja2.sandbox
+        self.references = {}
+        self._process_templates(references.get("templates", {}))
+
+        @lru_cache(1000)
+        def _render_jinja(u):
+            return (
+                jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                .from_string(u)
+                .render(**self.templates)
+            )
+
+        for k, v in references.get("refs", {}).items():
+            if isinstance(v, str):
+                if v.startswith("base64:"):
+                    self.references[k] = base64.b64decode(v[7:])
+                self.references[k] = v
+            elif isinstance(v, dict):
+                self.references[k] = json.dumps(v)
+            elif self.templates:
+                u = v[0]
+                if "{{" in u:
+                    if self.simple_templates:
+                        u = (
+                            u.replace("{{", "{")
+                            .replace("}}", "}")
+                            .format(**self.templates)
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        u = _render_jinja(u)
+                self.references[k] = [u] if len(v) == 1 else [u, v[1], v[2]]
+            else:
+                self.references[k] = v
+        self.references.update(self._process_gen(references.get("gen", [])))
+
+    def _process_templates(self, tmp):
+        self.templates = {}
+        if self.template_overrides is not None:
+            tmp.update(self.template_overrides)
+        for k, v in tmp.items():
+            if "{{" in v:
+                import jinja2.sandbox
+
+                self.templates[k] = (
+                    lambda temp=v, **kwargs: jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                    .from_string(temp)
+                    .render(**kwargs)
+                )
+            else:
+                self.templates[k] = v
+
+    def _process_gen(self, gens):
+        out = {}
+        if self.simple_templates:
+            return out
+        for gen in gens:
+            dimension = {
+                k: (
+                    v
+                    if isinstance(v, list)
+                    else range(v.get("start", 0), v["stop"], v.get("step", 1))
+                )
+                for k, v in gen["dimensions"].items()
+            }
+            products = (
+                dict(zip(dimension.keys(), values))
+                for values in itertools.product(*dimension.values())
+            )
+            for pr in products:
+                import jinja2.sandbox
+
+                key = (
+                    jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                    .from_string(gen["key"])
+                    .render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                )
+                url = (
+                    jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                    .from_string(gen["url"])
+                    .render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                )
+                if ("offset" in gen) and ("length" in gen):
+                    offset = int(
+                        jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                        .from_string(gen["offset"])
+                        .render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                    )
+                    length = int(
+                        jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                        .from_string(gen["length"])
+                        .render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                    )
+                    out[key] = [url, offset, length]
+                elif ("offset" in gen) ^ ("length" in gen):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Both 'offset' and 'length' are required for a "
+                        "reference generator entry if either is provided."
+                    )
+                else:
+                    out[key] = [url]
+        return out
+
+    def _dircache_from_items(self):
+        self.dircache = {"": []}
+        it = self.references.items()
+        for path, part in it:
+            if isinstance(part, (bytes, str)) or hasattr(part, "to_bytes"):
+                size = len(part)
+            elif len(part) == 1:
+                size = None
+            else:
+                _, _, size = part
+            par = path.rsplit("/", 1)[0] if "/" in path else ""
+            par0 = par
+            subdirs = [par0]
+            while par0 and par0 not in self.dircache:
+                # collect parent directories
+                par0 = self._parent(par0)
+                subdirs.append(par0)
+
+            subdirs.reverse()
+            for parent, child in zip(subdirs, subdirs[1:]):
+                # register newly discovered directories
+                assert child not in self.dircache
+                assert parent in self.dircache
+                self.dircache[parent].append(
+                    {"name": child, "type": "directory", "size": 0}
+                )
+                self.dircache[child] = []
+
+            self.dircache[par].append({"name": path, "type": "file", "size": size})
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, cache_options=None, **kwargs):
+        part_or_url, start0, end0 = self._cat_common(path)
+        # This logic is kept outside `ReferenceFile` to avoid unnecessary redirection.
+        # That does mean `_cat_common` gets called twice if it eventually reaches `ReferenceFile`.
+        if isinstance(part_or_url, bytes):
+            return io.BytesIO(part_or_url[start0:end0])
+
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        if start0 is None and end0 is None:
+            return self.fss[protocol]._open(
+                part_or_url,
+                mode,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                cache_options=cache_options,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        return ReferenceFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        logger.debug("list %s", path)
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if isinstance(self.references, LazyReferenceMapper):
+            try:
+                return self.references.ls(path, detail)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"'{path}' is not a known key")
+        if not self.dircache:
+            self._dircache_from_items()
+        out = self._ls_from_cache(path)
+        if out is None:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        return [o["name"] for o in out]
+
+    def exists(self, path, **kwargs):  # overwrite auto-sync version
+        return self.isdir(path) or self.isfile(path)
+
+    def isdir(self, path):  # overwrite auto-sync version
+        if self.dircache:
+            return path in self.dircache
+        elif isinstance(self.references, LazyReferenceMapper):
+            return path in self.references.listdir()
+        else:
+            # this may be faster than building dircache for single calls, but
+            # by looping will be slow for many calls; could cache it?
+            return any(_.startswith(f"{path}/") for _ in self.references)
+
+    def isfile(self, path):  # overwrite auto-sync version
+        return path in self.references
+
+    async def _ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):  # calls fast sync code
+        return self.ls(path, detail, **kwargs)
+
+    def find(self, path, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        if withdirs:
+            return super().find(
+                path, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=withdirs, detail=detail, **kwargs
+            )
+        if path:
+            path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+            r = sorted(k for k in self.references if k.startswith(path))
+        else:
+            r = sorted(self.references)
+        if detail:
+            if not self.dircache:
+                self._dircache_from_items()
+            return {k: self._ls_from_cache(k)[0] for k in r}
+        else:
+            return r
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        out = self.references.get(path)
+        if out is not None:
+            if isinstance(out, (str, bytes)):
+                # decode base64 here
+                return {"name": path, "type": "file", "size": len(out)}
+            elif len(out) > 1:
+                return {"name": path, "type": "file", "size": out[2]}
+            else:
+                out0 = [{"name": path, "type": "file", "size": None}]
+        else:
+            out = self.ls(path, True)
+            out0 = [o for o in out if o["name"] == path]
+            if not out0:
+                return {"name": path, "type": "directory", "size": 0}
+        if out0[0]["size"] is None:
+            # if this is a whole remote file, update size using remote FS
+            prot, _ = split_protocol(self.references[path][0])
+            out0[0]["size"] = self.fss[prot].size(self.references[path][0])
+        return out0[0]
+
+    async def _info(self, path, **kwargs):  # calls fast sync code
+        return self.info(path)
+
+    async def _rm_file(self, path, **kwargs):
+        self.references.pop(
+            path, None
+        )  # ignores FileNotFound, just as well for directories
+        self.dircache.clear()  # this is a bit heavy handed
+
+    async def _pipe_file(self, path, data, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        if mode == "create" and self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError
+        # can be str or bytes
+        self.references[path] = data
+        self.dircache.clear()  # this is a bit heavy handed
+
+    async def _put_file(self, lpath, rpath, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        # puts binary
+        if mode == "create" and self.exists(rpath):
+            raise FileExistsError
+        with open(lpath, "rb") as f:
+            self.references[rpath] = f.read()
+        self.dircache.clear()  # this is a bit heavy handed
+
+    def save_json(self, url, **storage_options):
+        """Write modified references into new location"""
+        out = {}
+        for k, v in self.references.items():
+            if isinstance(v, bytes):
+                try:
+                    out[k] = v.decode("ascii")
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    out[k] = (b"base64:" + base64.b64encode(v)).decode()
+            else:
+                out[k] = v
+        with fsspec.open(url, "wb", **storage_options) as f:
+            f.write(json.dumps({"version": 1, "refs": out}).encode())
+
+
+class ReferenceFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size="default",
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            fs,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            size=size,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+        part_or_url, self.start, self.end = self.fs._cat_common(self.path)
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        self.src_fs = self.fs.fss[protocol]
+        self.src_path = part_or_url
+        self._f = None
+
+    @property
+    def f(self):
+        if self._f is None or self._f.closed:
+            self._f = self.src_fs._open(
+                self.src_path,
+                mode=self.mode,
+                block_size=self.blocksize,
+                autocommit=self.autocommit,
+                cache_type="none",
+                **self.kwargs,
+            )
+        return self._f
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._f is not None:
+            self._f.close()
+        return super().close()
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        start = start + self.start
+        end = min(end + self.start, self.end)
+        self.f.seek(start)
+        return self.f.read(end - start)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/sftp.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/sftp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c347963d692d50390b131225a56477b328f7a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/sftp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+import datetime
+import logging
+import os
+import types
+import uuid
+from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK
+
+import paramiko
+
+from .. import AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.sftp")
+
+
+class SFTPFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Files over SFTP/SSH
+
+    Peer-to-peer filesystem over SSH using paramiko.
+
+    Note: if using this with the ``open`` or ``open_files``, with full URLs,
+    there is no way to tell if a path is relative, so all paths are assumed
+    to be absolute.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "sftp", "ssh"
+
+    def __init__(self, host, **ssh_kwargs):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        host: str
+            Hostname or IP as a string
+        temppath: str
+            Location on the server to put files, when within a transaction
+        ssh_kwargs: dict
+            Parameters passed on to connection. See details in
+            https://docs.paramiko.org/en/3.3/api/client.html#paramiko.client.SSHClient.connect
+            May include port, username, password...
+        """
+        if self._cached:
+            return
+        super().__init__(**ssh_kwargs)
+        self.temppath = ssh_kwargs.pop("temppath", "/tmp")  # remote temp directory
+        self.host = host
+        self.ssh_kwargs = ssh_kwargs
+        self._connect()
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        logger.debug("Connecting to SFTP server %s", self.host)
+        self.client = paramiko.SSHClient()
+        self.client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
+        self.client.connect(self.host, **self.ssh_kwargs)
+        self.ftp = self.client.open_sftp()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        return infer_storage_options(path)["path"]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(urlpath):
+        out = infer_storage_options(urlpath)
+        out.pop("path", None)
+        out.pop("protocol", None)
+        return out
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, mode=511):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        logger.debug("Creating folder %s", path)
+        if self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError(f"File exists: {path}")
+
+        if create_parents:
+            self.makedirs(path)
+        else:
+            self.ftp.mkdir(path, mode)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False, mode=511):
+        if self.exists(path) and not exist_ok:
+            raise FileExistsError(f"File exists: {path}")
+
+        parts = path.split("/")
+        new_path = "/" if path[:1] == "/" else ""
+
+        for part in parts:
+            if part:
+                new_path = f"{new_path}/{part}" if new_path else part
+                if not self.exists(new_path):
+                    self.ftp.mkdir(new_path, mode)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        logger.debug("Removing folder %s", path)
+        self.ftp.rmdir(path)
+
+    def info(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        stat = self._decode_stat(self.ftp.stat(path))
+        stat["name"] = path
+        return stat
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _decode_stat(stat, parent_path=None):
+        if S_ISDIR(stat.st_mode):
+            t = "directory"
+        elif S_ISLNK(stat.st_mode):
+            t = "link"
+        else:
+            t = "file"
+        out = {
+            "name": "",
+            "size": stat.st_size,
+            "type": t,
+            "uid": stat.st_uid,
+            "gid": stat.st_gid,
+            "time": datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                stat.st_atime, tz=datetime.timezone.utc
+            ),
+            "mtime": datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                stat.st_mtime, tz=datetime.timezone.utc
+            ),
+        }
+        if parent_path:
+            out["name"] = "/".join([parent_path.rstrip("/"), stat.filename])
+        return out
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=False):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        logger.debug("Listing folder %s", path)
+        stats = [self._decode_stat(stat, path) for stat in self.ftp.listdir_iter(path)]
+        if detail:
+            return stats
+        else:
+            paths = [stat["name"] for stat in stats]
+            return sorted(paths)
+
+    def put_file(self, lpath, rpath, callback=None, **kwargs):
+        self.mkdirs(self._parent(os.fspath(rpath)), exist_ok=True)
+        logger.debug("Put file %s into %s", lpath, rpath)
+        self.ftp.put(lpath, rpath)
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        if self.isdir(rpath):
+            os.makedirs(lpath, exist_ok=True)
+        else:
+            self.ftp.get(self._strip_protocol(rpath), lpath)
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        block_size: int or None
+            If 0, no buffering, if 1, line buffering, if >1, buffer that many
+            bytes, if None use default from paramiko.
+        """
+        logger.debug("Opening file %s", path)
+        if kwargs.get("autocommit", True) is False:
+            # writes to temporary file, move on commit
+            path2 = "/".join([self.temppath, str(uuid.uuid4())])
+            f = self.ftp.open(path2, mode, bufsize=block_size if block_size else -1)
+            f.temppath = path2
+            f.targetpath = path
+            f.fs = self
+            f.commit = types.MethodType(commit_a_file, f)
+            f.discard = types.MethodType(discard_a_file, f)
+        else:
+            f = self.ftp.open(path, mode, bufsize=block_size if block_size else -1)
+        return f
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        if self.isdir(path):
+            self.ftp.rmdir(path)
+        else:
+            self.ftp.remove(path)
+
+    def mv(self, old, new):
+        new = self._strip_protocol(new)
+        old = self._strip_protocol(old)
+        logger.debug("Renaming %s into %s", old, new)
+        self.ftp.posix_rename(old, new)
+
+
+def commit_a_file(self):
+    self.fs.mv(self.temppath, self.targetpath)
+
+
+def discard_a_file(self):
+    self.fs._rm(self.temppath)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/smb.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/smb.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db6b3f5c3702de90cf121ccca49f3ca2b580df9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/smb.py
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+"""
+This module contains SMBFileSystem class responsible for handling access to
+Windows Samba network shares by using package smbprotocol
+"""
+
+import datetime
+import re
+import uuid
+from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK
+
+import smbclient
+import smbprotocol.exceptions
+
+from .. import AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options
+
+# ! pylint: disable=bad-continuation
+
+
+class SMBFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Allow reading and writing to Windows and Samba network shares.
+
+    When using `fsspec.open()` for getting a file-like object the URI
+    should be specified as this format:
+    ``smb://workgroup;user:password@server:port/share/folder/file.csv``.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> import fsspec
+        >>> with fsspec.open(
+        ...     'smb://myuser:mypassword@myserver.com/' 'share/folder/file.csv'
+        ... ) as smbfile:
+        ...     df = pd.read_csv(smbfile, sep='|', header=None)
+
+    Note that you need to pass in a valid hostname or IP address for the host
+    component of the URL. Do not use the Windows/NetBIOS machine name for the
+    host component.
+
+    The first component of the path in the URL points to the name of the shared
+    folder. Subsequent path components will point to the directory/folder/file.
+
+    The URL components ``workgroup`` , ``user``, ``password`` and ``port`` may be
+    optional.
+
+    .. note::
+
+        For working this source require `smbprotocol`_ to be installed, e.g.::
+
+            $ pip install smbprotocol
+            # or
+            # pip install smbprotocol[kerberos]
+
+    .. _smbprotocol: https://github.com/jborean93/smbprotocol#requirements
+
+    Note: if using this with the ``open`` or ``open_files``, with full URLs,
+    there is no way to tell if a path is relative, so all paths are assumed
+    to be absolute.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "smb"
+
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        username=None,
+        password=None,
+        timeout=60,
+        encrypt=None,
+        share_access=None,
+        register_session_retries=4,
+        register_session_retry_wait=1,
+        register_session_retry_factor=10,
+        auto_mkdir=False,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        You can use _get_kwargs_from_urls to get some kwargs from
+        a reasonable SMB url.
+
+        Authentication will be anonymous or integrated if username/password are not
+        given.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        host: str
+            The remote server name/ip to connect to
+        port: int or None
+            Port to connect with. Usually 445, sometimes 139.
+        username: str or None
+            Username to connect with. Required if Kerberos auth is not being used.
+        password: str or None
+            User's password on the server, if using username
+        timeout: int
+            Connection timeout in seconds
+        encrypt: bool
+            Whether to force encryption or not, once this has been set to True
+            the session cannot be changed back to False.
+        share_access: str or None
+            Specifies the default access applied to file open operations
+            performed with this file system object.
+            This affects whether other processes can concurrently open a handle
+            to the same file.
+
+            - None (the default): exclusively locks the file until closed.
+            - 'r': Allow other handles to be opened with read access.
+            - 'w': Allow other handles to be opened with write access.
+            - 'd': Allow other handles to be opened with delete access.
+        register_session_retries: int
+            Number of retries to register a session with the server. Retries are not performed
+            for authentication errors, as they are considered as invalid credentials and not network
+            issues. If set to negative value, no register attempts will be performed.
+        register_session_retry_wait: int
+            Time in seconds to wait between each retry. Number must be non-negative.
+        register_session_retry_factor: int
+            Base factor for the wait time between each retry. The wait time
+            is calculated using exponential function. For factor=1 all wait times
+            will be equal to `register_session_retry_wait`. For any number of retries,
+            the last wait time will be equal to `register_session_retry_wait` and for retries>1
+            the first wait time will be equal to `register_session_retry_wait / factor`.
+            Number must be equal to or greater than 1. Optimal factor is 10.
+        auto_mkdir: bool
+            Whether, when opening a file, the directory containing it should
+            be created (if it doesn't already exist). This is assumed by pyarrow
+            and zarr-python code.
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.encrypt = encrypt
+        self.temppath = kwargs.pop("temppath", "")
+        self.share_access = share_access
+        self.register_session_retries = register_session_retries
+        if register_session_retry_wait < 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "register_session_retry_wait must be a non-negative integer"
+            )
+        self.register_session_retry_wait = register_session_retry_wait
+        if register_session_retry_factor < 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "register_session_retry_factor must be a positive "
+                "integer equal to or greater than 1"
+            )
+        self.register_session_retry_factor = register_session_retry_factor
+        self.auto_mkdir = auto_mkdir
+        self._connect()
+
+    @property
+    def _port(self):
+        return 445 if self.port is None else self.port
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        import time
+
+        if self.register_session_retries <= -1:
+            return
+
+        retried_errors = []
+
+        wait_time = self.register_session_retry_wait
+        n_waits = (
+            self.register_session_retries - 1
+        )  # -1 = No wait time after the last retry
+        factor = self.register_session_retry_factor
+
+        # Generate wait times for each retry attempt.
+        # Wait times are calculated using exponential function. For factor=1 all wait times
+        # will be equal to `wait`. For any number of retries the last wait time will be
+        # equal to `wait` and for retries>2 the first wait time will be equal to `wait / factor`.
+        wait_times = iter(
+            factor ** (n / n_waits - 1) * wait_time for n in range(0, n_waits + 1)
+        )
+
+        for attempt in range(self.register_session_retries + 1):
+            try:
+                smbclient.register_session(
+                    self.host,
+                    username=self.username,
+                    password=self.password,
+                    port=self._port,
+                    encrypt=self.encrypt,
+                    connection_timeout=self.timeout,
+                )
+                return
+            except (
+                smbprotocol.exceptions.SMBAuthenticationError,
+                smbprotocol.exceptions.LogonFailure,
+            ):
+                # These exceptions should not be repeated, as they clearly indicate
+                # that the credentials are invalid and not a network issue.
+                raise
+            except ValueError as exc:
+                if re.findall(r"\[Errno -\d+]", str(exc)):
+                    # This exception is raised by the smbprotocol.transport:Tcp.connect
+                    # and originates from socket.gaierror (OSError). These exceptions might
+                    # be raised due to network instability. We will retry to connect.
+                    retried_errors.append(exc)
+                else:
+                    # All another ValueError exceptions should be raised, as they are not
+                    # related to network issues.
+                    raise
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # Save the exception and retry to connect. This except might be dropped
+                # in the future, once all exceptions suited for retry are identified.
+                retried_errors.append(exc)
+
+            if attempt < self.register_session_retries:
+                time.sleep(next(wait_times))
+
+        # Raise last exception to inform user about the connection issues.
+        # Note: Should we use ExceptionGroup to raise all exceptions?
+        raise retried_errors[-1]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        return infer_storage_options(path)["path"]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        # smb://workgroup;user:password@host:port/share/folder/file.csv
+        out = infer_storage_options(path)
+        out.pop("path", None)
+        out.pop("protocol", None)
+        return out
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        if create_parents:
+            smbclient.makedirs(wpath, exist_ok=False, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            smbclient.mkdir(wpath, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        if _share_has_path(path):
+            wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+            smbclient.makedirs(wpath, exist_ok=exist_ok, port=self._port)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        if _share_has_path(path):
+            wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+            smbclient.rmdir(wpath, port=self._port)
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+        if S_ISDIR(stats.st_mode):
+            stype = "directory"
+        elif S_ISLNK(stats.st_mode):
+            stype = "link"
+        else:
+            stype = "file"
+        res = {
+            "name": path + "/" if stype == "directory" else path,
+            "size": stats.st_size,
+            "type": stype,
+            "uid": stats.st_uid,
+            "gid": stats.st_gid,
+            "time": stats.st_atime,
+            "mtime": stats.st_mtime,
+        }
+        return res
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        """Return the created timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(stats.st_ctime, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        """Return the modified timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(stats.st_mtime, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        unc = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        listed = smbclient.listdir(unc, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+        dirs = ["/".join([path.rstrip("/"), p]) for p in listed]
+        if detail:
+            dirs = [self.info(d) for d in dirs]
+        return dirs
+
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=-1,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        block_size: int or None
+            If 0, no buffering, 1, line buffering, >1, buffer that many bytes
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        By specifying 'share_access' in 'kwargs' it is possible to override the
+        default shared access setting applied in the constructor of this object.
+        """
+        if self.auto_mkdir and "w" in mode:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path), exist_ok=True)
+        bls = block_size if block_size is not None and block_size >= 0 else -1
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        share_access = kwargs.pop("share_access", self.share_access)
+        if "w" in mode and autocommit is False:
+            temp = _as_temp_path(self.host, path, self.temppath)
+            return SMBFileOpener(
+                wpath, temp, mode, port=self._port, block_size=bls, **kwargs
+            )
+        return smbclient.open_file(
+            wpath,
+            mode,
+            buffering=bls,
+            share_access=share_access,
+            port=self._port,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def copy(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        """Copy within two locations in the same filesystem"""
+        wpath1 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path1)
+        wpath2 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path2)
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path2), exist_ok=True)
+        smbclient.copyfile(wpath1, wpath2, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        if _share_has_path(path):
+            wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+            stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port)
+            if S_ISDIR(stats.st_mode):
+                smbclient.rmdir(wpath, port=self._port)
+            else:
+                smbclient.remove(wpath, port=self._port)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, recursive=None, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        wpath1 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path1)
+        wpath2 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path2)
+        smbclient.rename(wpath1, wpath2, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+
+
+def _as_unc_path(host, path):
+    rpath = path.replace("/", "\\")
+    unc = f"\\\\{host}{rpath}"
+    return unc
+
+
+def _as_temp_path(host, path, temppath):
+    share = path.split("/")[1]
+    temp_file = f"/{share}{temppath}/{uuid.uuid4()}"
+    unc = _as_unc_path(host, temp_file)
+    return unc
+
+
+def _share_has_path(path):
+    parts = path.count("/")
+    if path.endswith("/"):
+        return parts > 2
+    return parts > 1
+
+
+class SMBFileOpener:
+    """writes to remote temporary file, move on commit"""
+
+    def __init__(self, path, temp, mode, port=445, block_size=-1, **kwargs):
+        self.path = path
+        self.temp = temp
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.block_size = block_size
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.smbfile = None
+        self._incontext = False
+        self.port = port
+        self._open()
+
+    def _open(self):
+        if self.smbfile is None or self.smbfile.closed:
+            self.smbfile = smbclient.open_file(
+                self.temp,
+                self.mode,
+                port=self.port,
+                buffering=self.block_size,
+                **self.kwargs,
+            )
+
+    def commit(self):
+        """Move temp file to definitive on success."""
+        # TODO: use transaction support in SMB protocol
+        smbclient.replace(self.temp, self.path, port=self.port)
+
+    def discard(self):
+        """Remove the temp file on failure."""
+        smbclient.remove(self.temp, port=self.port)
+
+    def __fspath__(self):
+        return self.path
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.smbfile.__iter__()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        return getattr(self.smbfile, item)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._incontext = True
+        return self.smbfile.__enter__()
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        self._incontext = False
+        self.smbfile.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/tar.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/tar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41bd894a4e3f1b3b2318f9b28d690dada72d670a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/tar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import logging
+import tarfile
+
+import fsspec
+from fsspec.archive import AbstractArchiveFileSystem
+from fsspec.compression import compr
+from fsspec.utils import infer_compression
+
+typemap = {b"0": "file", b"5": "directory"}
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("tar")
+
+
+class TarFileSystem(AbstractArchiveFileSystem):
+    """Compressed Tar archives as a file-system (read-only)
+
+    Supports the following formats:
+    tar.gz, tar.bz2, tar.xz
+    """
+
+    root_marker = ""
+    protocol = "tar"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fo="",
+        index_store=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        compression=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        target_options = target_options or {}
+
+        if isinstance(fo, str):
+            self.of = fsspec.open(fo, protocol=target_protocol, **target_options)
+            fo = self.of.open()  # keep the reference
+
+        # Try to infer compression.
+        if compression is None:
+            name = None
+
+            # Try different ways to get hold of the filename. `fo` might either
+            # be a `fsspec.LocalFileOpener`, an `io.BufferedReader` or an
+            # `fsspec.AbstractFileSystem` instance.
+            try:
+                # Amended io.BufferedReader or similar.
+                # This uses a "protocol extension" where original filenames are
+                # propagated to archive-like filesystems in order to let them
+                # infer the right compression appropriately.
+                if hasattr(fo, "original"):
+                    name = fo.original
+
+                # fsspec.LocalFileOpener
+                elif hasattr(fo, "path"):
+                    name = fo.path
+
+                # io.BufferedReader
+                elif hasattr(fo, "name"):
+                    name = fo.name
+
+                # fsspec.AbstractFileSystem
+                elif hasattr(fo, "info"):
+                    name = fo.info()["name"]
+
+            except Exception as ex:
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"Unable to determine file name, not inferring compression: {ex}"
+                )
+
+            if name is not None:
+                compression = infer_compression(name)
+                logger.info(f"Inferred compression {compression} from file name {name}")
+
+        if compression is not None:
+            # TODO: tarfile already implements compression with modes like "'r:gz'",
+            #  but then would seek to offset in the file work?
+            fo = compr[compression](fo)
+
+        self._fo_ref = fo
+        self.fo = fo  # the whole instance is a context
+        self.tar = tarfile.TarFile(fileobj=self.fo)
+        self.dir_cache = None
+
+        self.index_store = index_store
+        self.index = None
+        self._index()
+
+    def _index(self):
+        # TODO: load and set saved index, if exists
+        out = {}
+        for ti in self.tar:
+            info = ti.get_info()
+            info["type"] = typemap.get(info["type"], "file")
+            name = ti.get_info()["name"].rstrip("/")
+            out[name] = (info, ti.offset_data)
+
+        self.index = out
+        # TODO: save index to self.index_store here, if set
+
+    def _get_dirs(self):
+        if self.dir_cache is not None:
+            return
+
+        # This enables ls to get directories as children as well as files
+        self.dir_cache = {
+            dirname: {"name": dirname, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+            for dirname in self._all_dirnames(self.tar.getnames())
+        }
+        for member in self.tar.getmembers():
+            info = member.get_info()
+            info["name"] = info["name"].rstrip("/")
+            info["type"] = typemap.get(info["type"], "file")
+            self.dir_cache[info["name"]] = info
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError("Read-only filesystem implementation")
+        details, offset = self.index[path]
+        if details["type"] != "file":
+            raise ValueError("Can only handle regular files")
+        return self.tar.extractfile(path)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Commits any write changes to the file. Done on ``del`` too."""
+        self.tar.close()
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "tar"):
+            self.close()
+            del self.tar
+        if hasattr(self, "of") and hasattr(self.of, "__exit__"):
+            self.of.__exit__(None, None, None)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/webhdfs.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/webhdfs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e3048b6a3638cf34e400804a3057521e720b6e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/webhdfs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+# https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r1.0.4/webhdfs.html
+
+import logging
+import os
+import secrets
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+import uuid
+from contextlib import suppress
+from datetime import datetime
+from urllib.parse import quote
+
+import requests
+
+from ..spec import AbstractBufferedFile, AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options, tokenize
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("webhdfs")
+
+
+class WebHDFS(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """
+    Interface to HDFS over HTTP using the WebHDFS API. Supports also HttpFS gateways.
+
+    Four auth mechanisms are supported:
+
+    insecure: no auth is done, and the user is assumed to be whoever they
+        say they are (parameter ``user``), or a predefined value such as
+        "dr.who" if not given
+    spnego: when kerberos authentication is enabled, auth is negotiated by
+        requests_kerberos https://github.com/requests/requests-kerberos .
+        This establishes a session based on existing kinit login and/or
+        specified principal/password; parameters are passed with ``kerb_kwargs``
+    token: uses an existing Hadoop delegation token from another secured
+        service. Indeed, this client can also generate such tokens when
+        not insecure. Note that tokens expire, but can be renewed (by a
+        previously specified user) and may allow for proxying.
+    basic-auth: used when both parameter ``user`` and parameter ``password``
+        are provided.
+
+    """
+
+    tempdir = str(tempfile.gettempdir())
+    protocol = "webhdfs", "webHDFS"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=50070,
+        kerberos=False,
+        token=None,
+        user=None,
+        password=None,
+        proxy_to=None,
+        kerb_kwargs=None,
+        data_proxy=None,
+        use_https=False,
+        session_cert=None,
+        session_verify=True,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        host: str
+            Name-node address
+        port: int
+            Port for webHDFS
+        kerberos: bool
+            Whether to authenticate with kerberos for this connection
+        token: str or None
+            If given, use this token on every call to authenticate. A user
+            and user-proxy may be encoded in the token and should not be also
+            given
+        user: str or None
+            If given, assert the user name to connect with
+        password: str or None
+            If given, assert the password to use for basic auth. If password
+            is provided, user must be provided also
+        proxy_to: str or None
+            If given, the user has the authority to proxy, and this value is
+            the user in who's name actions are taken
+        kerb_kwargs: dict
+            Any extra arguments for HTTPKerberosAuth, see
+            `<https://github.com/requests/requests-kerberos/blob/master/requests_kerberos/kerberos_.py>`_
+        data_proxy: dict, callable or None
+            If given, map data-node addresses. This can be necessary if the
+            HDFS cluster is behind a proxy, running on Docker or otherwise has
+            a mismatch between the host-names given by the name-node and the
+            address by which to refer to them from the client. If a dict,
+            maps host names ``host->data_proxy[host]``; if a callable, full
+            URLs are passed, and function must conform to
+            ``url->data_proxy(url)``.
+        use_https: bool
+            Whether to connect to the Name-node using HTTPS instead of HTTP
+        session_cert: str or Tuple[str, str] or None
+            Path to a certificate file, or tuple of (cert, key) files to use
+            for the requests.Session
+        session_verify: str, bool or None
+            Path to a certificate file to use for verifying the requests.Session.
+        kwargs
+        """
+        if self._cached:
+            return
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.url = f"{'https' if use_https else 'http'}://{host}:{port}/webhdfs/v1"
+        self.kerb = kerberos
+        self.kerb_kwargs = kerb_kwargs or {}
+        self.pars = {}
+        self.proxy = data_proxy or {}
+        if token is not None:
+            if user is not None or proxy_to is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "If passing a delegation token, must not set "
+                    "user or proxy_to, as these are encoded in the"
+                    " token"
+                )
+            self.pars["delegation"] = token
+        self.user = user
+        self.password = password
+
+        if password is not None:
+            if user is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "If passing a password, the user must also be"
+                    "set in order to set up the basic-auth"
+                )
+        else:
+            if user is not None:
+                self.pars["user.name"] = user
+
+        if proxy_to is not None:
+            self.pars["doas"] = proxy_to
+        if kerberos and user is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "If using Kerberos auth, do not specify the "
+                "user, this is handled by kinit."
+            )
+
+        self.session_cert = session_cert
+        self.session_verify = session_verify
+
+        self._connect()
+
+        self._fsid = f"webhdfs_{tokenize(host, port)}"
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return self._fsid
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        self.session = requests.Session()
+
+        if self.session_cert:
+            self.session.cert = self.session_cert
+
+        self.session.verify = self.session_verify
+
+        if self.kerb:
+            from requests_kerberos import HTTPKerberosAuth
+
+            self.session.auth = HTTPKerberosAuth(**self.kerb_kwargs)
+
+        if self.user is not None and self.password is not None:
+            from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
+
+            self.session.auth = HTTPBasicAuth(self.user, self.password)
+
+    def _call(self, op, method="get", path=None, data=None, redirect=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path) if path is not None else ""
+        url = self._apply_proxy(self.url + quote(path, safe="/="))
+        args = kwargs.copy()
+        args.update(self.pars)
+        args["op"] = op.upper()
+        logger.debug("sending %s with %s", url, method)
+        out = self.session.request(
+            method=method.upper(),
+            url=url,
+            params=args,
+            data=data,
+            allow_redirects=redirect,
+        )
+        if out.status_code in [400, 401, 403, 404, 500]:
+            try:
+                err = out.json()
+                msg = err["RemoteException"]["message"]
+                exp = err["RemoteException"]["exception"]
+            except (ValueError, KeyError):
+                pass
+            else:
+                if exp in ["IllegalArgumentException", "UnsupportedOperationException"]:
+                    raise ValueError(msg)
+                elif exp in ["SecurityException", "AccessControlException"]:
+                    raise PermissionError(msg)
+                elif exp in ["FileNotFoundException"]:
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(msg)
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError(msg)
+        out.raise_for_status()
+        return out
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        replication=None,
+        permissions=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            File location
+        mode: str
+            'rb', 'wb', etc.
+        block_size: int
+            Client buffer size for read-ahead or write buffer
+        autocommit: bool
+            If False, writes to temporary file that only gets put in final
+            location upon commit
+        replication: int
+            Number of copies of file on the cluster, write mode only
+        permissions: str or int
+            posix permissions, write mode only
+        kwargs
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        WebHDFile instance
+        """
+        block_size = block_size or self.blocksize
+        return WebHDFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            tempdir=self.tempdir,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            replication=replication,
+            permissions=permissions,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _process_info(info):
+        info["type"] = info["type"].lower()
+        info["size"] = info["length"]
+        return info
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        return infer_storage_options(path)["path"]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(urlpath):
+        out = infer_storage_options(urlpath)
+        out.pop("path", None)
+        out.pop("protocol", None)
+        if "username" in out:
+            out["user"] = out.pop("username")
+        return out
+
+    def info(self, path):
+        out = self._call("GETFILESTATUS", path=path)
+        info = out.json()["FileStatus"]
+        info["name"] = path
+        return self._process_info(info)
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        """Return the created timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        # The API does not provide creation time, so we use modification time
+        info = self.info(path)
+        mtime = info.get("modificationTime", None)
+        if mtime is not None:
+            return datetime.fromtimestamp(mtime / 1000)
+        raise RuntimeError("Could not retrieve creation time (modification time).")
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        """Return the modified timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        info = self.info(path)
+        mtime = info.get("modificationTime", None)
+        if mtime is not None:
+            return datetime.fromtimestamp(mtime / 1000)
+        raise RuntimeError("Could not retrieve modification time.")
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        out = self._call("LISTSTATUS", path=path)
+        infos = out.json()["FileStatuses"]["FileStatus"]
+        for info in infos:
+            self._process_info(info)
+            info["name"] = path.rstrip("/") + "/" + info["pathSuffix"]
+        if detail:
+            return sorted(infos, key=lambda i: i["name"])
+        else:
+            return sorted(info["name"] for info in infos)
+
+    def content_summary(self, path):
+        """Total numbers of files, directories and bytes under path"""
+        out = self._call("GETCONTENTSUMMARY", path=path)
+        return out.json()["ContentSummary"]
+
+    def ukey(self, path):
+        """Checksum info of file, giving method and result"""
+        out = self._call("GETFILECHECKSUM", path=path, redirect=False)
+        if "Location" in out.headers:
+            location = self._apply_proxy(out.headers["Location"])
+            out2 = self.session.get(location)
+            out2.raise_for_status()
+            return out2.json()["FileChecksum"]
+        else:
+            out.raise_for_status()
+            return out.json()["FileChecksum"]
+
+    def home_directory(self):
+        """Get user's home directory"""
+        out = self._call("GETHOMEDIRECTORY")
+        return out.json()["Path"]
+
+    def get_delegation_token(self, renewer=None):
+        """Retrieve token which can give the same authority to other uses
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        renewer: str or None
+            User who may use this token; if None, will be current user
+        """
+        if renewer:
+            out = self._call("GETDELEGATIONTOKEN", renewer=renewer)
+        else:
+            out = self._call("GETDELEGATIONTOKEN")
+        t = out.json()["Token"]
+        if t is None:
+            raise ValueError("No token available for this user/security context")
+        return t["urlString"]
+
+    def renew_delegation_token(self, token):
+        """Make token live longer. Returns new expiry time"""
+        out = self._call("RENEWDELEGATIONTOKEN", method="put", token=token)
+        return out.json()["long"]
+
+    def cancel_delegation_token(self, token):
+        """Stop the token from being useful"""
+        self._call("CANCELDELEGATIONTOKEN", method="put", token=token)
+
+    def chmod(self, path, mod):
+        """Set the permission at path
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            location to set (file or directory)
+        mod: str or int
+            posix epresentation or permission, give as oct string, e.g, '777'
+            or 0o777
+        """
+        self._call("SETPERMISSION", method="put", path=path, permission=mod)
+
+    def chown(self, path, owner=None, group=None):
+        """Change owning user and/or group"""
+        kwargs = {}
+        if owner is not None:
+            kwargs["owner"] = owner
+        if group is not None:
+            kwargs["group"] = group
+        self._call("SETOWNER", method="put", path=path, **kwargs)
+
+    def set_replication(self, path, replication):
+        """
+        Set file replication factor
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            File location (not for directories)
+        replication: int
+            Number of copies of file on the cluster. Should be smaller than
+            number of data nodes; normally 3 on most systems.
+        """
+        self._call("SETREPLICATION", path=path, method="put", replication=replication)
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, **kwargs):
+        self._call("MKDIRS", method="put", path=path)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        if exist_ok is False and self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError(path)
+        self.mkdir(path)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        self._call("RENAME", method="put", path=path1, destination=path2)
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, **kwargs):
+        self._call(
+            "DELETE",
+            method="delete",
+            path=path,
+            recursive="true" if recursive else "false",
+        )
+
+    def rm_file(self, path, **kwargs):
+        self.rm(path)
+
+    def cp_file(self, lpath, rpath, **kwargs):
+        with self.open(lpath) as lstream:
+            tmp_fname = "/".join([self._parent(rpath), f".tmp.{secrets.token_hex(16)}"])
+            # Perform an atomic copy (stream to a temporary file and
+            # move it to the actual destination).
+            try:
+                with self.open(tmp_fname, "wb") as rstream:
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(lstream, rstream)
+                self.mv(tmp_fname, rpath)
+            except BaseException:
+                with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+                    self.rm(tmp_fname)
+                raise
+
+    def _apply_proxy(self, location):
+        if self.proxy and callable(self.proxy):
+            location = self.proxy(location)
+        elif self.proxy:
+            # as a dict
+            for k, v in self.proxy.items():
+                location = location.replace(k, v, 1)
+        return location
+
+
+class WebHDFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    """A file living in HDFS over webHDFS"""
+
+    def __init__(self, fs, path, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(fs, path, **kwargs)
+        kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+        if kwargs.get("permissions", None) is None:
+            kwargs.pop("permissions", None)
+        if kwargs.get("replication", None) is None:
+            kwargs.pop("replication", None)
+        self.permissions = kwargs.pop("permissions", 511)
+        tempdir = kwargs.pop("tempdir")
+        if kwargs.pop("autocommit", False) is False:
+            self.target = self.path
+            self.path = os.path.join(tempdir, str(uuid.uuid4()))
+
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        """Write one part of a multi-block file upload
+
+        Parameters
+        ==========
+        final: bool
+            This is the last block, so should complete file, if
+            self.autocommit is True.
+        """
+        out = self.fs.session.post(
+            self.location,
+            data=self.buffer.getvalue(),
+            headers={"content-type": "application/octet-stream"},
+        )
+        out.raise_for_status()
+        return True
+
+    def _initiate_upload(self):
+        """Create remote file/upload"""
+        kwargs = self.kwargs.copy()
+        if "a" in self.mode:
+            op, method = "APPEND", "POST"
+        else:
+            op, method = "CREATE", "PUT"
+            kwargs["overwrite"] = "true"
+        out = self.fs._call(op, method, self.path, redirect=False, **kwargs)
+        location = self.fs._apply_proxy(out.headers["Location"])
+        if "w" in self.mode:
+            # create empty file to append to
+            out2 = self.fs.session.put(
+                location, headers={"content-type": "application/octet-stream"}
+            )
+            out2.raise_for_status()
+            # after creating empty file, change location to append to
+            out2 = self.fs._call("APPEND", "POST", self.path, redirect=False, **kwargs)
+            self.location = self.fs._apply_proxy(out2.headers["Location"])
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        start = max(start, 0)
+        end = min(self.size, end)
+        if start >= end or start >= self.size:
+            return b""
+        out = self.fs._call(
+            "OPEN", path=self.path, offset=start, length=end - start, redirect=False
+        )
+        out.raise_for_status()
+        if "Location" in out.headers:
+            location = out.headers["Location"]
+            out2 = self.fs.session.get(self.fs._apply_proxy(location))
+            return out2.content
+        else:
+            return out.content
+
+    def commit(self):
+        self.fs.mv(self.path, self.target)
+
+    def discard(self):
+        self.fs.rm(self.path)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/zip.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/zip.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..485307a34f8daba70eb30bfda713c95893bbdb0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/zip.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import os
+import zipfile
+
+import fsspec
+from fsspec.archive import AbstractArchiveFileSystem
+
+
+class ZipFileSystem(AbstractArchiveFileSystem):
+    """Read/Write contents of ZIP archive as a file-system
+
+    Keeps file object open while instance lives.
+
+    This class is pickleable, but not necessarily thread-safe
+    """
+
+    root_marker = ""
+    protocol = "zip"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fo="",
+        mode="r",
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        compression=zipfile.ZIP_STORED,
+        allowZip64=True,
+        compresslevel=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fo: str or file-like
+            Contains ZIP, and must exist. If a str, will fetch file using
+            :meth:`~fsspec.open_files`, which must return one file exactly.
+        mode: str
+            Accept: "r", "w", "a"
+        target_protocol: str (optional)
+            If ``fo`` is a string, this value can be used to override the
+            FS protocol inferred from a URL
+        target_options: dict (optional)
+            Kwargs passed when instantiating the target FS, if ``fo`` is
+            a string.
+        compression, allowZip64, compresslevel: passed to ZipFile
+            Only relevant when creating a ZIP
+        """
+        super().__init__(self, **kwargs)
+        if mode not in set("rwa"):
+            raise ValueError(f"mode '{mode}' no understood")
+        self.mode = mode
+        if isinstance(fo, (str, os.PathLike)):
+            if mode == "a":
+                m = "r+b"
+            else:
+                m = mode + "b"
+            fo = fsspec.open(
+                fo, mode=m, protocol=target_protocol, **(target_options or {})
+            )
+        self.force_zip_64 = allowZip64
+        self.of = fo
+        self.fo = fo.__enter__()  # the whole instance is a context
+        self.zip = zipfile.ZipFile(
+            self.fo,
+            mode=mode,
+            compression=compression,
+            allowZip64=allowZip64,
+            compresslevel=compresslevel,
+        )
+        self.dir_cache = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        # zip file paths are always relative to the archive root
+        return super()._strip_protocol(path).lstrip("/")
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "zip"):
+            self.close()
+            del self.zip
+        if hasattr(self, "of") and hasattr(self.of, "__exit__"):
+            self.of.__exit__(None, None, None)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Commits any write changes to the file. Done on ``del`` too."""
+        self.zip.close()
+
+    def _get_dirs(self):
+        if self.dir_cache is None or self.mode in set("wa"):
+            # when writing, dir_cache is always in the ZipFile's attributes,
+            # not read from the file.
+            files = self.zip.infolist()
+            self.dir_cache = {
+                dirname.rstrip("/"): {
+                    "name": dirname.rstrip("/"),
+                    "size": 0,
+                    "type": "directory",
+                }
+                for dirname in self._all_dirnames(self.zip.namelist())
+            }
+            for z in files:
+                f = {s: getattr(z, s, None) for s in zipfile.ZipInfo.__slots__}
+                f.update(
+                    {
+                        "name": z.filename.rstrip("/"),
+                        "size": z.file_size,
+                        "type": ("directory" if z.is_dir() else "file"),
+                    }
+                )
+                self.dir_cache[f["name"]] = f
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, **kwargs):
+        # override upstream, because we know the exact file size in this case
+        self.zip.writestr(path, value, **kwargs)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if "r" in mode and self.mode in set("wa"):
+            if self.exists(path):
+                raise OSError("ZipFS can only be open for reading or writing, not both")
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        if "r" in self.mode and "w" in mode:
+            raise OSError("ZipFS can only be open for reading or writing, not both")
+        out = self.zip.open(path, mode.strip("b"), force_zip64=self.force_zip_64)
+        if "r" in mode:
+            info = self.info(path)
+            out.size = info["size"]
+            out.name = info["name"]
+        return out
+
+    def find(self, path, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        def to_parts(_path: str):
+            return list(filter(None, _path.replace("\\", "/").split("/")))
+
+        if not isinstance(path, str):
+            path = str(path)
+
+        # Remove the leading slash, as the zip file paths are always
+        # given without a leading slash
+        path = path.lstrip("/")
+        path_parts = to_parts(path)
+        path_depth = len(path_parts)
+
+        self._get_dirs()
+
+        result = {}
+        # To match posix find, if an exact file name is given, we should
+        # return only that file
+        if path in self.dir_cache and self.dir_cache[path]["type"] == "file":
+            result[path] = self.dir_cache[path]
+            return result if detail else [path]
+
+        for file_path, file_info in self.dir_cache.items():
+            if len(file_parts := to_parts(file_path)) < path_depth or any(
+                a != b for a, b in zip(path_parts, file_parts)
+            ):
+                # skip parent folders and mismatching paths
+                continue
+
+            if file_info["type"] == "directory":
+                if withdirs and file_path not in result:
+                    result[file_path.strip("/")] = file_info
+                continue
+
+            if file_path not in result:
+                result[file_path] = file_info if detail else None
+
+        if maxdepth:
+            result = {
+                k: v for k, v in result.items() if k.count("/") < maxdepth + path_depth
+            }
+        return result if detail else sorted(result)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/json.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c53a24913d0b28f4b53a163b97ff8f58abeb031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import json
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from contextlib import suppress
+from pathlib import PurePath
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
+
+from .registry import _import_class, get_filesystem_class
+from .spec import AbstractFileSystem
+
+
+class FilesystemJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
+    include_password: ClassVar[bool] = True
+
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(o, AbstractFileSystem):
+            return o.to_dict(include_password=self.include_password)
+        if isinstance(o, PurePath):
+            cls = type(o)
+            return {"cls": f"{cls.__module__}.{cls.__name__}", "str": str(o)}
+
+        return super().default(o)
+
+    def make_serializable(self, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Recursively converts an object so that it can be JSON serialized via
+        :func:`json.dumps` and :func:`json.dump`, without actually calling
+        said functions.
+        """
+        if isinstance(obj, (str, int, float, bool)):
+            return obj
+        if isinstance(obj, Mapping):
+            return {k: self.make_serializable(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
+        if isinstance(obj, Sequence):
+            return [self.make_serializable(v) for v in obj]
+
+        return self.default(obj)
+
+
+class FilesystemJSONDecoder(json.JSONDecoder):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        object_hook: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None = None,
+        parse_float: Callable[[str], Any] | None = None,
+        parse_int: Callable[[str], Any] | None = None,
+        parse_constant: Callable[[str], Any] | None = None,
+        strict: bool = True,
+        object_pairs_hook: Callable[[list[tuple[str, Any]]], Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.original_object_hook = object_hook
+
+        super().__init__(
+            object_hook=self.custom_object_hook,
+            parse_float=parse_float,
+            parse_int=parse_int,
+            parse_constant=parse_constant,
+            strict=strict,
+            object_pairs_hook=object_pairs_hook,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def try_resolve_path_cls(cls, dct: dict[str, Any]):
+        with suppress(Exception):
+            fqp = dct["cls"]
+
+            path_cls = _import_class(fqp)
+
+            if issubclass(path_cls, PurePath):
+                return path_cls
+
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def try_resolve_fs_cls(cls, dct: dict[str, Any]):
+        with suppress(Exception):
+            if "cls" in dct:
+                try:
+                    fs_cls = _import_class(dct["cls"])
+                    if issubclass(fs_cls, AbstractFileSystem):
+                        return fs_cls
+                except Exception:
+                    if "protocol" in dct:  # Fallback if cls cannot be imported
+                        return get_filesystem_class(dct["protocol"])
+
+                    raise
+
+        return None
+
+    def custom_object_hook(self, dct: dict[str, Any]):
+        if "cls" in dct:
+            if (obj_cls := self.try_resolve_fs_cls(dct)) is not None:
+                return AbstractFileSystem.from_dict(dct)
+            if (obj_cls := self.try_resolve_path_cls(dct)) is not None:
+                return obj_cls(dct["str"])
+
+        if self.original_object_hook is not None:
+            return self.original_object_hook(dct)
+
+        return dct
+
+    def unmake_serializable(self, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Inverse function of :meth:`FilesystemJSONEncoder.make_serializable`.
+        """
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
+            obj = self.custom_object_hook(obj)
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
+            return {k: self.unmake_serializable(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
+        if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+            return [self.unmake_serializable(v) for v in obj]
+
+        return obj
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/mapping.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/mapping.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..752eef35273b13eded7297e2e801b58e436a25b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/mapping.py
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+import array
+import logging
+import posixpath
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from functools import cached_property
+
+from fsspec.core import url_to_fs
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.mapping")
+
+
+class FSMap(MutableMapping):
+    """Wrap a FileSystem instance as a mutable wrapping.
+
+    The keys of the mapping become files under the given root, and the
+    values (which must be bytes) the contents of those files.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    root: string
+        prefix for all the files
+    fs: FileSystem instance
+    check: bool (=True)
+        performs a touch at the location, to check for write access.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> fs = FileSystem(**parameters)  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> d = FSMap('my-data/path/', fs)  # doctest: +SKIP
+    or, more likely
+    >>> d = fs.get_mapper('my-data/path/')
+
+    >>> d['loc1'] = b'Hello World'  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> list(d.keys())  # doctest: +SKIP
+    ['loc1']
+    >>> d['loc1']  # doctest: +SKIP
+    b'Hello World'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, root, fs, check=False, create=False, missing_exceptions=None):
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.root = fs._strip_protocol(root)
+        self._root_key_to_str = fs._strip_protocol(posixpath.join(root, "x"))[:-1]
+        if missing_exceptions is None:
+            missing_exceptions = (
+                FileNotFoundError,
+                IsADirectoryError,
+                NotADirectoryError,
+            )
+        self.missing_exceptions = missing_exceptions
+        self.check = check
+        self.create = create
+        if create:
+            if not self.fs.exists(root):
+                self.fs.mkdir(root)
+        if check:
+            if not self.fs.exists(root):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Path {root} does not exist. Create "
+                    f" with the ``create=True`` keyword"
+                )
+            self.fs.touch(root + "/a")
+            self.fs.rm(root + "/a")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def dirfs(self):
+        """dirfs instance that can be used with the same keys as the mapper"""
+        from .implementations.dirfs import DirFileSystem
+
+        return DirFileSystem(path=self._root_key_to_str, fs=self.fs)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """Remove all keys below root - empties out mapping"""
+        logger.info("Clear mapping at %s", self.root)
+        try:
+            self.fs.rm(self.root, True)
+            self.fs.mkdir(self.root)
+        except:  # noqa: E722
+            pass
+
+    def getitems(self, keys, on_error="raise"):
+        """Fetch multiple items from the store
+
+        If the backend is async-able, this might proceed concurrently
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        keys: list(str)
+            They keys to be fetched
+        on_error : "raise", "omit", "return"
+            If raise, an underlying exception will be raised (converted to KeyError
+            if the type is in self.missing_exceptions); if omit, keys with exception
+            will simply not be included in the output; if "return", all keys are
+            included in the output, but the value will be bytes or an exception
+            instance.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        dict(key, bytes|exception)
+        """
+        keys2 = [self._key_to_str(k) for k in keys]
+        oe = on_error if on_error == "raise" else "return"
+        try:
+            out = self.fs.cat(keys2, on_error=oe)
+            if isinstance(out, bytes):
+                out = {keys2[0]: out}
+        except self.missing_exceptions as e:
+            raise KeyError from e
+        out = {
+            k: (KeyError() if isinstance(v, self.missing_exceptions) else v)
+            for k, v in out.items()
+        }
+        return {
+            key: out[k2] if on_error == "raise" else out.get(k2, KeyError(k2))
+            for key, k2 in zip(keys, keys2)
+            if on_error == "return" or not isinstance(out[k2], BaseException)
+        }
+
+    def setitems(self, values_dict):
+        """Set the values of multiple items in the store
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        values_dict: dict(str, bytes)
+        """
+        values = {self._key_to_str(k): maybe_convert(v) for k, v in values_dict.items()}
+        self.fs.pipe(values)
+
+    def delitems(self, keys):
+        """Remove multiple keys from the store"""
+        self.fs.rm([self._key_to_str(k) for k in keys])
+
+    def _key_to_str(self, key):
+        """Generate full path for the key"""
+        if not isinstance(key, str):
+            # raise TypeError("key must be of type `str`, got `{type(key).__name__}`"
+            warnings.warn(
+                "from fsspec 2023.5 onward FSMap non-str keys will raise TypeError",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            if isinstance(key, list):
+                key = tuple(key)
+            key = str(key)
+        return f"{self._root_key_to_str}{key}".rstrip("/")
+
+    def _str_to_key(self, s):
+        """Strip path of to leave key name"""
+        return s[len(self.root) :].lstrip("/")
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key, default=None):
+        """Retrieve data"""
+        k = self._key_to_str(key)
+        try:
+            result = self.fs.cat(k)
+        except self.missing_exceptions as exc:
+            if default is not None:
+                return default
+            raise KeyError(key) from exc
+        return result
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=None):
+        """Pop data"""
+        result = self.__getitem__(key, default)
+        try:
+            del self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        return result
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        """Store value in key"""
+        key = self._key_to_str(key)
+        self.fs.mkdirs(self.fs._parent(key), exist_ok=True)
+        self.fs.pipe_file(key, maybe_convert(value))
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return (self._str_to_key(x) for x in self.fs.find(self.root))
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.fs.find(self.root))
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        """Remove key"""
+        try:
+            self.fs.rm(self._key_to_str(key))
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise KeyError from exc
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        """Does key exist in mapping?"""
+        path = self._key_to_str(key)
+        return self.fs.isfile(path)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return FSMap, (self.root, self.fs, False, False, self.missing_exceptions)
+
+
+def maybe_convert(value):
+    if isinstance(value, array.array) or hasattr(value, "__array__"):
+        # bytes-like things
+        if hasattr(value, "dtype") and value.dtype.kind in "Mm":
+            # The buffer interface doesn't support datetime64/timdelta64 numpy
+            # arrays
+            value = value.view("int64")
+        value = bytes(memoryview(value))
+    return value
+
+
+def get_mapper(
+    url="",
+    check=False,
+    create=False,
+    missing_exceptions=None,
+    alternate_root=None,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """Create key-value interface for given URL and options
+
+    The URL will be of the form "protocol://location" and point to the root
+    of the mapper required. All keys will be file-names below this location,
+    and their values the contents of each key.
+
+    Also accepts compound URLs like zip::s3://bucket/file.zip , see ``fsspec.open``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    url: str
+        Root URL of mapping
+    check: bool
+        Whether to attempt to read from the location before instantiation, to
+        check that the mapping does exist
+    create: bool
+        Whether to make the directory corresponding to the root before
+        instantiating
+    missing_exceptions: None or tuple
+        If given, these exception types will be regarded as missing keys and
+        return KeyError when trying to read data. By default, you get
+        (FileNotFoundError, IsADirectoryError, NotADirectoryError)
+    alternate_root: None or str
+        In cases of complex URLs, the parser may fail to pick the correct part
+        for the mapper root, so this arg can override
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FSMap`` instance, the dict-like key-value store.
+    """
+    # Removing protocol here - could defer to each open() on the backend
+    fs, urlpath = url_to_fs(url, **kwargs)
+    root = alternate_root if alternate_root is not None else urlpath
+    return FSMap(root, fs, check, create, missing_exceptions=missing_exceptions)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/parquet.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/parquet.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6e03fb14f9ec9224804a2ccb77bb84fe3390952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/parquet.py
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+import io
+import json
+import warnings
+
+import fsspec
+
+from .core import url_to_fs
+from .spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+from .utils import merge_offset_ranges
+
+# Parquet-Specific Utilities for fsspec
+#
+# Most of the functions defined in this module are NOT
+# intended for public consumption. The only exception
+# to this is `open_parquet_file`, which should be used
+# place of `fs.open()` to open parquet-formatted files
+# on remote file systems.
+
+
+class AlreadyBufferedFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def open_parquet_files(
+    path: list[str],
+    fs: None | fsspec.AbstractFileSystem = None,
+    metadata=None,
+    columns: None | list[str] = None,
+    row_groups: None | list[int] = None,
+    storage_options: None | dict = None,
+    engine: str = "auto",
+    max_gap: int = 64_000,
+    max_block: int = 256_000_000,
+    footer_sample_size: int = 1_000_000,
+    filters: None | list[list[list[str]]] = None,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """
+    Return a file-like object for a single Parquet file.
+
+    The specified parquet `engine` will be used to parse the
+    footer metadata, and determine the required byte ranges
+    from the file. The target path will then be opened with
+    the "parts" (`KnownPartsOfAFile`) caching strategy.
+
+    Note that this method is intended for usage with remote
+    file systems, and is unlikely to improve parquet-read
+    performance on local file systems.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    path: str
+        Target file path.
+    metadata: Any, optional
+        Parquet metadata object. Object type must be supported
+        by the backend parquet engine. For now, only the "fastparquet"
+        engine supports an explicit `ParquetFile` metadata object.
+        If a metadata object is supplied, the remote footer metadata
+        will not need to be transferred into local memory.
+    fs: AbstractFileSystem, optional
+        Filesystem object to use for opening the file. If nothing is
+        specified, an `AbstractFileSystem` object will be inferred.
+    engine : str, default "auto"
+        Parquet engine to use for metadata parsing. Allowed options
+        include "fastparquet", "pyarrow", and "auto". The specified
+        engine must be installed in the current environment. If
+        "auto" is specified, and both engines are installed,
+        "fastparquet" will take precedence over "pyarrow".
+    columns: list, optional
+        List of all column names that may be read from the file.
+    row_groups : list, optional
+        List of all row-groups that may be read from the file. This
+        may be a list of row-group indices (integers), or it may be
+        a list of `RowGroup` metadata objects (if the "fastparquet"
+        engine is used).
+    storage_options : dict, optional
+        Used to generate an `AbstractFileSystem` object if `fs` was
+        not specified.
+    max_gap : int, optional
+        Neighboring byte ranges will only be merged when their
+        inter-range gap is <= `max_gap`. Default is 64KB.
+    max_block : int, optional
+        Neighboring byte ranges will only be merged when the size of
+        the aggregated range is <= `max_block`. Default is 256MB.
+    footer_sample_size : int, optional
+        Number of bytes to read from the end of the path to look
+        for the footer metadata. If the sampled bytes do not contain
+        the footer, a second read request will be required, and
+        performance will suffer. Default is 1MB.
+    filters : list[list], optional
+        List of filters to apply to prevent reading row groups, of the
+        same format as accepted by the loading engines. Ignored if
+        ``row_groups`` is specified.
+    **kwargs :
+        Optional key-word arguments to pass to `fs.open`
+    """
+
+    # Make sure we have an `AbstractFileSystem` object
+    # to work with
+    if fs is None:
+        path0 = path
+        if isinstance(path, (list, tuple)):
+            path = path[0]
+        fs, path = url_to_fs(path, **(storage_options or {}))
+    else:
+        path0 = path
+
+    # For now, `columns == []` not supported, is the same
+    # as all columns
+    if columns is not None and len(columns) == 0:
+        columns = None
+
+    # Set the engine
+    engine = _set_engine(engine)
+
+    if isinstance(path0, (list, tuple)):
+        paths = path0
+    elif "*" in path:
+        paths = fs.glob(path)
+    elif path0.endswith("/"):  # or fs.isdir(path):
+        paths = [
+            _
+            for _ in fs.find(path, withdirs=False, detail=False)
+            if _.endswith((".parquet", ".parq"))
+        ]
+    else:
+        paths = [path]
+
+    data = _get_parquet_byte_ranges(
+        paths,
+        fs,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        columns=columns,
+        row_groups=row_groups,
+        engine=engine,
+        max_gap=max_gap,
+        max_block=max_block,
+        footer_sample_size=footer_sample_size,
+        filters=filters,
+    )
+
+    # Call self.open with "parts" caching
+    options = kwargs.pop("cache_options", {}).copy()
+    return [
+        AlreadyBufferedFile(
+            fs=None,
+            path=fn,
+            mode="rb",
+            cache_type="parts",
+            cache_options={
+                **options,
+                "data": ranges,
+            },
+            size=max(_[1] for _ in ranges),
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+        for fn, ranges in data.items()
+    ]
+
+
+def open_parquet_file(*args, **kwargs):
+    """Create files tailed to reading specific parts of parquet files
+
+    Please see ``open_parquet_files`` for details of the arguments. The
+    difference is, this function always returns a single ``AlreadyBufferedFile``,
+    whereas `open_parquet_files`` always returns a list of files, even if
+    there are one or zero matching parquet files.
+    """
+    return open_parquet_files(*args, **kwargs)[0]
+
+
+def _get_parquet_byte_ranges(
+    paths,
+    fs,
+    metadata=None,
+    columns=None,
+    row_groups=None,
+    max_gap=64_000,
+    max_block=256_000_000,
+    footer_sample_size=1_000_000,
+    engine="auto",
+    filters=None,
+):
+    """Get a dictionary of the known byte ranges needed
+    to read a specific column/row-group selection from a
+    Parquet dataset. Each value in the output dictionary
+    is intended for use as the `data` argument for the
+    `KnownPartsOfAFile` caching strategy of a single path.
+    """
+
+    # Set engine if necessary
+    if isinstance(engine, str):
+        engine = _set_engine(engine)
+
+    # Pass to a specialized function if metadata is defined
+    if metadata is not None:
+        # Use the provided parquet metadata object
+        # to avoid transferring/parsing footer metadata
+        return _get_parquet_byte_ranges_from_metadata(
+            metadata,
+            fs,
+            engine,
+            columns=columns,
+            row_groups=row_groups,
+            max_gap=max_gap,
+            max_block=max_block,
+            filters=filters,
+        )
+
+    # Populate global paths, starts, & ends
+    if columns is None and row_groups is None and filters is None:
+        # We are NOT selecting specific columns or row-groups.
+        #
+        # We can avoid sampling the footers, and just transfer
+        # all file data with cat_ranges
+        result = {path: {(0, len(data)): data} for path, data in fs.cat(paths).items()}
+    else:
+        # We ARE selecting specific columns or row-groups.
+        #
+        # Get file sizes asynchronously
+        file_sizes = fs.sizes(paths)
+        data_paths = []
+        data_starts = []
+        data_ends = []
+        # Gather file footers.
+        # We just take the last `footer_sample_size` bytes of each
+        # file (or the entire file if it is smaller than that)
+        footer_starts = [
+            max(0, file_size - footer_sample_size) for file_size in file_sizes
+        ]
+        footer_samples = fs.cat_ranges(paths, footer_starts, file_sizes)
+
+        # Check our footer samples and re-sample if necessary.
+        large_footer = []
+        for i, path in enumerate(paths):
+            footer_size = int.from_bytes(footer_samples[i][-8:-4], "little")
+            real_footer_start = file_sizes[i] - (footer_size + 8)
+            if real_footer_start < footer_starts[i]:
+                large_footer.append((i, real_footer_start))
+        if large_footer:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Not enough data was used to sample the parquet footer. "
+                f"Try setting footer_sample_size >= {large_footer}."
+            )
+            path0 = [paths[i] for i, _ in large_footer]
+            starts = [_[1] for _ in large_footer]
+            ends = [file_sizes[i] - footer_sample_size for i, _ in large_footer]
+            data = fs.cat_ranges(path0, starts, ends)
+            for i, (path, start, block) in enumerate(zip(path0, starts, data)):
+                footer_samples[i] = block + footer_samples[i]
+                footer_starts[i] = start
+        result = {
+            path: {(start, size): data}
+            for path, start, size, data in zip(
+                paths, footer_starts, file_sizes, footer_samples
+            )
+        }
+
+        # Calculate required byte ranges for each path
+        for i, path in enumerate(paths):
+            # Use "engine" to collect data byte ranges
+            path_data_starts, path_data_ends = engine._parquet_byte_ranges(
+                columns,
+                row_groups=row_groups,
+                footer=footer_samples[i],
+                footer_start=footer_starts[i],
+                filters=filters,
+            )
+
+            data_paths += [path] * len(path_data_starts)
+            data_starts += path_data_starts
+            data_ends += path_data_ends
+
+        # Merge adjacent offset ranges
+        data_paths, data_starts, data_ends = merge_offset_ranges(
+            data_paths,
+            data_starts,
+            data_ends,
+            max_gap=max_gap,
+            max_block=max_block,
+            sort=True,
+        )
+
+        # Transfer the data byte-ranges into local memory
+        _transfer_ranges(fs, result, data_paths, data_starts, data_ends)
+
+    # Add b"PAR1" to headers
+    _add_header_magic(result)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _get_parquet_byte_ranges_from_metadata(
+    metadata,
+    fs,
+    engine,
+    columns=None,
+    row_groups=None,
+    max_gap=64_000,
+    max_block=256_000_000,
+    filters=None,
+):
+    """Simplified version of `_get_parquet_byte_ranges` for
+    the case that an engine-specific `metadata` object is
+    provided, and the remote footer metadata does not need to
+    be transferred before calculating the required byte ranges.
+    """
+
+    # Use "engine" to collect data byte ranges
+    data_paths, data_starts, data_ends = engine._parquet_byte_ranges(
+        columns, row_groups=row_groups, metadata=metadata, filters=filters
+    )
+
+    # Merge adjacent offset ranges
+    data_paths, data_starts, data_ends = merge_offset_ranges(
+        data_paths,
+        data_starts,
+        data_ends,
+        max_gap=max_gap,
+        max_block=max_block,
+        sort=False,  # Should be sorted
+    )
+
+    # Transfer the data byte-ranges into local memory
+    result = {fn: {} for fn in list(set(data_paths))}
+    _transfer_ranges(fs, result, data_paths, data_starts, data_ends)
+
+    # Add b"PAR1" to header
+    _add_header_magic(result)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _transfer_ranges(fs, blocks, paths, starts, ends):
+    # Use cat_ranges to gather the data byte_ranges
+    ranges = (paths, starts, ends)
+    for path, start, stop, data in zip(*ranges, fs.cat_ranges(*ranges)):
+        blocks[path][(start, stop)] = data
+
+
+def _add_header_magic(data):
+    # Add b"PAR1" to file headers
+    for path in list(data):
+        add_magic = True
+        for k in data[path]:
+            if k[0] == 0 and k[1] >= 4:
+                add_magic = False
+                break
+        if add_magic:
+            data[path][(0, 4)] = b"PAR1"
+
+
+def _set_engine(engine_str):
+    # Define a list of parquet engines to try
+    if engine_str == "auto":
+        try_engines = ("fastparquet", "pyarrow")
+    elif not isinstance(engine_str, str):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Failed to set parquet engine! "
+            "Please pass 'fastparquet', 'pyarrow', or 'auto'"
+        )
+    elif engine_str not in ("fastparquet", "pyarrow"):
+        raise ValueError(f"{engine_str} engine not supported by `fsspec.parquet`")
+    else:
+        try_engines = [engine_str]
+
+    # Try importing the engines in `try_engines`,
+    # and choose the first one that succeeds
+    for engine in try_engines:
+        try:
+            if engine == "fastparquet":
+                return FastparquetEngine()
+            elif engine == "pyarrow":
+                return PyarrowEngine()
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+    # Raise an error if a supported parquet engine
+    # was not found
+    raise ImportError(
+        f"The following parquet engines are not installed "
+        f"in your python environment: {try_engines}."
+        f"Please install 'fastparquert' or 'pyarrow' to "
+        f"utilize the `fsspec.parquet` module."
+    )
+
+
+class FastparquetEngine:
+    # The purpose of the FastparquetEngine class is
+    # to check if fastparquet can be imported (on initialization)
+    # and to define a `_parquet_byte_ranges` method. In the
+    # future, this class may also be used to define other
+    # methods/logic that are specific to fastparquet.
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        import fastparquet as fp
+
+        self.fp = fp
+
+    def _parquet_byte_ranges(
+        self,
+        columns,
+        row_groups=None,
+        metadata=None,
+        footer=None,
+        footer_start=None,
+        filters=None,
+    ):
+        # Initialize offset ranges and define ParqetFile metadata
+        pf = metadata
+        data_paths, data_starts, data_ends = [], [], []
+        if filters and row_groups:
+            raise ValueError("filters and row_groups cannot be used together")
+        if pf is None:
+            pf = self.fp.ParquetFile(io.BytesIO(footer))
+
+        # Convert columns to a set and add any index columns
+        # specified in the pandas metadata (just in case)
+        column_set = None if columns is None else {c.split(".", 1)[0] for c in columns}
+        if column_set is not None and hasattr(pf, "pandas_metadata"):
+            md_index = [
+                ind
+                for ind in pf.pandas_metadata.get("index_columns", [])
+                # Ignore RangeIndex information
+                if not isinstance(ind, dict)
+            ]
+            column_set |= set(md_index)
+
+        # Check if row_groups is a list of integers
+        # or a list of row-group metadata
+        if filters:
+            from fastparquet.api import filter_row_groups
+
+            row_group_indices = None
+            row_groups = filter_row_groups(pf, filters)
+        elif row_groups and not isinstance(row_groups[0], int):
+            # Input row_groups contains row-group metadata
+            row_group_indices = None
+        else:
+            # Input row_groups contains row-group indices
+            row_group_indices = row_groups
+            row_groups = pf.row_groups
+        if column_set is not None:
+            column_set = [
+                _ if isinstance(_, list) else _.split(".") for _ in column_set
+            ]
+
+        # Loop through column chunks to add required byte ranges
+        for r, row_group in enumerate(row_groups):
+            # Skip this row-group if we are targeting
+            # specific row-groups
+            if row_group_indices is None or r in row_group_indices:
+                # Find the target parquet-file path for `row_group`
+                fn = pf.row_group_filename(row_group)
+
+                for column in row_group.columns:
+                    name = column.meta_data.path_in_schema
+                    # Skip this column if we are targeting specific columns
+                    if column_set is None or _cmp(name, column_set):
+                        file_offset0 = column.meta_data.dictionary_page_offset
+                        if file_offset0 is None:
+                            file_offset0 = column.meta_data.data_page_offset
+                        num_bytes = column.meta_data.total_compressed_size
+                        if footer_start is None or file_offset0 < footer_start:
+                            data_paths.append(fn)
+                            data_starts.append(file_offset0)
+                            data_ends.append(
+                                min(
+                                    file_offset0 + num_bytes,
+                                    footer_start or (file_offset0 + num_bytes),
+                                )
+                            )
+
+        if metadata:
+            # The metadata in this call may map to multiple
+            # file paths. Need to include `data_paths`
+            return data_paths, data_starts, data_ends
+        return data_starts, data_ends
+
+
+class PyarrowEngine:
+    # The purpose of the PyarrowEngine class is
+    # to check if pyarrow can be imported (on initialization)
+    # and to define a `_parquet_byte_ranges` method. In the
+    # future, this class may also be used to define other
+    # methods/logic that are specific to pyarrow.
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        import pyarrow.parquet as pq
+
+        self.pq = pq
+
+    def _parquet_byte_ranges(
+        self,
+        columns,
+        row_groups=None,
+        metadata=None,
+        footer=None,
+        footer_start=None,
+        filters=None,
+    ):
+        if metadata is not None:
+            raise ValueError("metadata input not supported for PyarrowEngine")
+        if filters:
+            # there must be a way!
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        data_starts, data_ends = [], []
+        md = self.pq.ParquetFile(io.BytesIO(footer)).metadata
+
+        # Convert columns to a set and add any index columns
+        # specified in the pandas metadata (just in case)
+        column_set = None if columns is None else set(columns)
+        if column_set is not None:
+            schema = md.schema.to_arrow_schema()
+            has_pandas_metadata = (
+                schema.metadata is not None and b"pandas" in schema.metadata
+            )
+            if has_pandas_metadata:
+                md_index = [
+                    ind
+                    for ind in json.loads(
+                        schema.metadata[b"pandas"].decode("utf8")
+                    ).get("index_columns", [])
+                    # Ignore RangeIndex information
+                    if not isinstance(ind, dict)
+                ]
+                column_set |= set(md_index)
+        if column_set is not None:
+            column_set = [
+                _[:1] if isinstance(_, list) else _.split(".")[:1] for _ in column_set
+            ]
+
+        # Loop through column chunks to add required byte ranges
+        for r in range(md.num_row_groups):
+            # Skip this row-group if we are targeting
+            # specific row-groups
+            if row_groups is None or r in row_groups:
+                row_group = md.row_group(r)
+                for c in range(row_group.num_columns):
+                    column = row_group.column(c)
+                    name = column.path_in_schema.split(".")
+                    # Skip this column if we are targeting specific columns
+                    if column_set is None or _cmp(name, column_set):
+                        meta = column.to_dict()
+                        # Any offset could be the first one
+                        file_offset0 = min(
+                            _
+                            for _ in [
+                                meta.get("dictionary_page_offset"),
+                                meta.get("data_page_offset"),
+                                meta.get("index_page_offset"),
+                            ]
+                            if _ is not None
+                        )
+                        if file_offset0 < footer_start:
+                            data_starts.append(file_offset0)
+                            data_ends.append(
+                                min(
+                                    meta["total_compressed_size"] + file_offset0,
+                                    footer_start,
+                                )
+                            )
+
+        data_starts.append(footer_start)
+        data_ends.append(footer_start + len(footer))
+        return data_starts, data_ends
+
+
+def _cmp(name, column_set):
+    return any(all(a == b for a, b in zip(name, _)) for _ in column_set)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/registry.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/registry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..305d1e8908504fb6c38e94708bd7f20dba722705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/registry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib
+import types
+import warnings
+
+__all__ = ["registry", "get_filesystem_class", "default"]
+
+# internal, mutable
+_registry: dict[str, type] = {}
+
+# external, immutable
+registry = types.MappingProxyType(_registry)
+default = "file"
+
+
+def register_implementation(name, cls, clobber=False, errtxt=None):
+    """Add implementation class to the registry
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name: str
+        Protocol name to associate with the class
+    cls: class or str
+        if a class: fsspec-compliant implementation class (normally inherits from
+        ``fsspec.AbstractFileSystem``, gets added straight to the registry. If a
+        str, the full path to an implementation class like package.module.class,
+        which gets added to known_implementations,
+        so the import is deferred until the filesystem is actually used.
+    clobber: bool (optional)
+        Whether to overwrite a protocol with the same name; if False, will raise
+        instead.
+    errtxt: str (optional)
+        If given, then a failure to import the given class will result in this
+        text being given.
+    """
+    if isinstance(cls, str):
+        if name in known_implementations and clobber is False:
+            if cls != known_implementations[name]["class"]:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Name ({name}) already in the known_implementations and clobber "
+                    f"is False"
+                )
+        else:
+            known_implementations[name] = {
+                "class": cls,
+                "err": errtxt or f"{cls} import failed for protocol {name}",
+            }
+
+    else:
+        if name in registry and clobber is False:
+            if _registry[name] is not cls:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Name ({name}) already in the registry and clobber is False"
+                )
+        else:
+            _registry[name] = cls
+
+
+# protocols mapped to the class which implements them. This dict can be
+# updated with register_implementation
+known_implementations = {
+    "abfs": {
+        "class": "adlfs.AzureBlobFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install adlfs to access Azure Datalake Gen2 and Azure Blob Storage",
+    },
+    "adl": {
+        "class": "adlfs.AzureDatalakeFileSystem",
+        "err": (
+            "Azure Data Lake Storage Gen1 is retired and no longer supported. Please "
+            "install adlfs and use the `az://` protocol to access Azure Blob Storage "
+            "and Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 instead."
+        ),
+    },
+    "arrow_hdfs": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.arrow.HadoopFileSystem",
+        "err": "pyarrow and local java libraries required for HDFS",
+    },
+    "async_wrapper": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.asyn_wrapper.AsyncFileSystemWrapper",
+    },
+    "asynclocal": {
+        "class": "morefs.asyn_local.AsyncLocalFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install 'morefs[asynclocalfs]' to use AsyncLocalFileSystem",
+    },
+    "asyncwrapper": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.asyn_wrapper.AsyncFileSystemWrapper",
+    },
+    "az": {
+        "class": "adlfs.AzureBlobFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install adlfs to access Azure Datalake Gen2 and Azure Blob Storage",
+    },
+    "blockcache": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.cached.CachingFileSystem"},
+    "box": {
+        "class": "boxfs.BoxFileSystem",
+        "err": "Please install boxfs to access BoxFileSystem",
+    },
+    "cached": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.cached.CachingFileSystem"},
+    "dask": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.dask.DaskWorkerFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install dask distributed to access worker file system",
+    },
+    "data": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.data.DataFileSystem"},
+    "dbfs": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.dbfs.DatabricksFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install the requests package to use the DatabricksFileSystem",
+    },
+    "dir": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.dirfs.DirFileSystem"},
+    "dropbox": {
+        "class": "dropboxdrivefs.DropboxDriveFileSystem",
+        "err": (
+            'DropboxFileSystem requires "dropboxdrivefs","requests" and "'
+            '"dropbox" to be installed'
+        ),
+    },
+    "dvc": {
+        "class": "dvc.api.DVCFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install dvc to access DVCFileSystem",
+    },
+    "file": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.local.LocalFileSystem"},
+    "filecache": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.cached.WholeFileCacheFileSystem"},
+    "ftp": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.ftp.FTPFileSystem"},
+    "gcs": {
+        "class": "gcsfs.GCSFileSystem",
+        "err": "Please install gcsfs to access Google Storage",
+    },
+    "gdrive": {
+        "class": "gdrive_fsspec.GoogleDriveFileSystem",
+        "err": "Please install gdrive_fs for access to Google Drive",
+    },
+    "generic": {"class": "fsspec.generic.GenericFileSystem"},
+    "gist": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.gist.GistFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install the requests package to use the gist FS",
+    },
+    "git": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.git.GitFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install pygit2 to browse local git repos",
+    },
+    "github": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.github.GithubFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install the requests package to use the github FS",
+    },
+    "gs": {
+        "class": "gcsfs.GCSFileSystem",
+        "err": "Please install gcsfs to access Google Storage",
+    },
+    "hdfs": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.arrow.HadoopFileSystem",
+        "err": "pyarrow and local java libraries required for HDFS",
+    },
+    "hf": {
+        "class": "huggingface_hub.HfFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install huggingface_hub to access HfFileSystem",
+    },
+    "http": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.http.HTTPFileSystem",
+        "err": 'HTTPFileSystem requires "requests" and "aiohttp" to be installed',
+    },
+    "https": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.http.HTTPFileSystem",
+        "err": 'HTTPFileSystem requires "requests" and "aiohttp" to be installed',
+    },
+    "jlab": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.jupyter.JupyterFileSystem",
+        "err": "Jupyter FS requires requests to be installed",
+    },
+    "jupyter": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.jupyter.JupyterFileSystem",
+        "err": "Jupyter FS requires requests to be installed",
+    },
+    "lakefs": {
+        "class": "lakefs_spec.LakeFSFileSystem",
+        "err": "Please install lakefs-spec to access LakeFSFileSystem",
+    },
+    "libarchive": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.libarchive.LibArchiveFileSystem",
+        "err": "LibArchive requires to be installed",
+    },
+    "local": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.local.LocalFileSystem"},
+    "memory": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.memory.MemoryFileSystem"},
+    "oci": {
+        "class": "ocifs.OCIFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install ocifs to access OCI Object Storage",
+    },
+    "ocilake": {
+        "class": "ocifs.OCIFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install ocifs to access OCI Data Lake",
+    },
+    "oss": {
+        "class": "ossfs.OSSFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install ossfs to access Alibaba Object Storage System",
+    },
+    "pyscript": {
+        "class": "pyscript_fsspec_client.client.PyscriptFileSystem",
+        "err": "This only runs in a pyscript context",
+    },
+    "reference": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.reference.ReferenceFileSystem"},
+    "root": {
+        "class": "fsspec_xrootd.XRootDFileSystem",
+        "err": (
+            "Install fsspec-xrootd to access xrootd storage system. "
+            "Note: 'root' is the protocol name for xrootd storage systems, "
+            "not referring to root directories"
+        ),
+    },
+    "s3": {"class": "s3fs.S3FileSystem", "err": "Install s3fs to access S3"},
+    "s3a": {"class": "s3fs.S3FileSystem", "err": "Install s3fs to access S3"},
+    "sftp": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.sftp.SFTPFileSystem",
+        "err": 'SFTPFileSystem requires "paramiko" to be installed',
+    },
+    "simplecache": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.cached.SimpleCacheFileSystem"},
+    "smb": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.smb.SMBFileSystem",
+        "err": 'SMB requires "smbprotocol" or "smbprotocol[kerberos]" installed',
+    },
+    "ssh": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.sftp.SFTPFileSystem",
+        "err": 'SFTPFileSystem requires "paramiko" to be installed',
+    },
+    "tar": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.tar.TarFileSystem"},
+    "tos": {
+        "class": "tosfs.TosFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install tosfs to access ByteDance volcano engine Tinder Object Storage",
+    },
+    "tosfs": {
+        "class": "tosfs.TosFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install tosfs to access ByteDance volcano engine Tinder Object Storage",
+    },
+    "wandb": {"class": "wandbfs.WandbFS", "err": "Install wandbfs to access wandb"},
+    "webdav": {
+        "class": "webdav4.fsspec.WebdavFileSystem",
+        "err": "Install webdav4 to access WebDAV",
+    },
+    "webhdfs": {
+        "class": "fsspec.implementations.webhdfs.WebHDFS",
+        "err": 'webHDFS access requires "requests" to be installed',
+    },
+    "zip": {"class": "fsspec.implementations.zip.ZipFileSystem"},
+}
+
+assert list(known_implementations) == sorted(known_implementations), (
+    "Not in alphabetical order"
+)
+
+
+def get_filesystem_class(protocol):
+    """Fetch named protocol implementation from the registry
+
+    The dict ``known_implementations`` maps protocol names to the locations
+    of classes implementing the corresponding file-system. When used for the
+    first time, appropriate imports will happen and the class will be placed in
+    the registry. All subsequent calls will fetch directly from the registry.
+
+    Some protocol implementations require additional dependencies, and so the
+    import may fail. In this case, the string in the "err" field of the
+    ``known_implementations`` will be given as the error message.
+    """
+    if not protocol:
+        protocol = default
+
+    if protocol not in registry:
+        if protocol not in known_implementations:
+            raise ValueError(f"Protocol not known: {protocol}")
+        bit = known_implementations[protocol]
+        try:
+            register_implementation(protocol, _import_class(bit["class"]))
+        except ImportError as e:
+            raise ImportError(bit.get("err")) from e
+    cls = registry[protocol]
+    if getattr(cls, "protocol", None) in ("abstract", None):
+        cls.protocol = protocol
+
+    return cls
+
+
+s3_msg = """Your installed version of s3fs is very old and known to cause
+severe performance issues, see also https://github.com/dask/dask/issues/10276
+
+To fix, you should specify a lower version bound on s3fs, or
+update the current installation.
+"""
+
+
+def _import_class(fqp: str):
+    """Take a fully-qualified path and return the imported class or identifier.
+
+    ``fqp`` is of the form "package.module.klass" or
+    "package.module:subobject.klass".
+
+    Warnings
+    --------
+    This can import arbitrary modules. Make sure you haven't installed any modules
+    that may execute malicious code at import time.
+    """
+    if ":" in fqp:
+        mod, name = fqp.rsplit(":", 1)
+    else:
+        mod, name = fqp.rsplit(".", 1)
+
+    is_s3 = mod == "s3fs"
+    mod = importlib.import_module(mod)
+    if is_s3 and mod.__version__.split(".") < ["0", "5"]:
+        warnings.warn(s3_msg)
+    for part in name.split("."):
+        mod = getattr(mod, part)
+
+    if not isinstance(mod, type):
+        raise TypeError(f"{fqp} is not a class")
+
+    return mod
+
+
+def filesystem(protocol, **storage_options):
+    """Instantiate filesystems for given protocol and arguments
+
+    ``storage_options`` are specific to the protocol being chosen, and are
+    passed directly to the class.
+    """
+    if protocol == "arrow_hdfs":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The 'arrow_hdfs' protocol has been deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in the future. Specify it as 'hdfs'.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    cls = get_filesystem_class(protocol)
+    return cls(**storage_options)
+
+
+def available_protocols():
+    """Return a list of the implemented protocols.
+
+    Note that any given protocol may require extra packages to be importable.
+    """
+    return list(known_implementations)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/spec.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/spec.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a390bf06096ed26936dcfd6f6ac0d97848e14598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/spec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2290 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import threading
+import warnings
+import weakref
+from errno import ESPIPE
+from glob import has_magic
+from hashlib import sha256
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
+
+from .callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from .config import apply_config, conf
+from .dircache import DirCache
+from .transaction import Transaction
+from .utils import (
+    _unstrip_protocol,
+    glob_translate,
+    isfilelike,
+    other_paths,
+    read_block,
+    stringify_path,
+    tokenize,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec")
+
+
+def make_instance(cls, args, kwargs):
+    return cls(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class _Cached(type):
+    """
+    Metaclass for caching file system instances.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Instances are cached according to
+
+    * The values of the class attributes listed in `_extra_tokenize_attributes`
+    * The arguments passed to ``__init__``.
+
+    This creates an additional reference to the filesystem, which prevents the
+    filesystem from being garbage collected when all *user* references go away.
+    A call to the :meth:`AbstractFileSystem.clear_instance_cache` must *also*
+    be made for a filesystem instance to be garbage collected.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        # Note: we intentionally create a reference here, to avoid garbage
+        # collecting instances when all other references are gone. To really
+        # delete a FileSystem, the cache must be cleared.
+        if conf.get("weakref_instance_cache"):  # pragma: no cover
+            # debug option for analysing fork/spawn conditions
+            cls._cache = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
+        else:
+            cls._cache = {}
+        cls._pid = os.getpid()
+
+    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs = apply_config(cls, kwargs)
+        extra_tokens = tuple(
+            getattr(cls, attr, None) for attr in cls._extra_tokenize_attributes
+        )
+        strip_tokenize_options = {
+            k: kwargs.pop(k) for k in cls._strip_tokenize_options if k in kwargs
+        }
+        if getattr(cls, "async_impl", False) and not kwargs.get("asynchronous", False):
+            token = tokenize(cls, cls._pid, *args, *extra_tokens, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            token = tokenize(
+                cls, cls._pid, threading.get_ident(), *args, *extra_tokens, **kwargs
+            )
+        skip = kwargs.pop("skip_instance_cache", False)
+        if os.getpid() != cls._pid:
+            cls._cache.clear()
+            cls._pid = os.getpid()
+        if not skip and cls.cachable and token in cls._cache:
+            cls._latest = token
+            return cls._cache[token]
+        else:
+            obj = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs, **strip_tokenize_options)
+            # Setting _fs_token here causes some static linters to complain.
+            obj._fs_token_ = token
+            obj.storage_args = args
+            obj.storage_options = kwargs
+            if obj.async_impl and obj.mirror_sync_methods:
+                from .asyn import mirror_sync_methods
+
+                mirror_sync_methods(obj)
+
+            if cls.cachable and not skip:
+                cls._latest = token
+                cls._cache[token] = obj
+            return obj
+
+
+class AbstractFileSystem(metaclass=_Cached):
+    """
+    An abstract super-class for pythonic file-systems
+
+    Implementations are expected to be compatible with or, better, subclass
+    from here.
+    """
+
+    cachable = True  # this class can be cached, instances reused
+    _cached = False
+    blocksize = 2**22
+    sep = "/"
+    protocol: ClassVar[str | tuple[str, ...]] = "abstract"
+    _latest = None
+    async_impl = False
+    mirror_sync_methods = False
+    root_marker = ""  # For some FSs, may require leading '/' or other character
+    transaction_type = Transaction
+
+    #: Extra *class attributes* that should be considered when hashing.
+    _extra_tokenize_attributes = ()
+    #: *storage options* that should not be considered when hashing.
+    _strip_tokenize_options = ()
+
+    # Set by _Cached metaclass
+    storage_args: tuple[Any, ...]
+    storage_options: dict[str, Any]
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **storage_options):
+        """Create and configure file-system instance
+
+        Instances may be cachable, so if similar enough arguments are seen
+        a new instance is not required. The token attribute exists to allow
+        implementations to cache instances if they wish.
+
+        A reasonable default should be provided if there are no arguments.
+
+        Subclasses should call this method.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        use_listings_cache, listings_expiry_time, max_paths:
+            passed to ``DirCache``, if the implementation supports
+            directory listing caching. Pass use_listings_cache=False
+            to disable such caching.
+        skip_instance_cache: bool
+            If this is a cachable implementation, pass True here to force
+            creating a new instance even if a matching instance exists, and prevent
+            storing this instance.
+        asynchronous: bool
+        loop: asyncio-compatible IOLoop or None
+        """
+        if self._cached:
+            # reusing instance, don't change
+            return
+        self._cached = True
+        self._intrans = False
+        self._transaction = None
+        self._invalidated_caches_in_transaction = []
+        self.dircache = DirCache(**storage_options)
+
+        if storage_options.pop("add_docs", None):
+            warnings.warn("add_docs is no longer supported.", FutureWarning)
+
+        if storage_options.pop("add_aliases", None):
+            warnings.warn("add_aliases has been removed.", FutureWarning)
+        # This is set in _Cached
+        self._fs_token_ = None
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        """Persistent filesystem id that can be used to compare filesystems
+        across sessions.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def _fs_token(self):
+        return self._fs_token_
+
+    def __dask_tokenize__(self):
+        return self._fs_token
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return int(self._fs_token, 16)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, type(self)) and self._fs_token == other._fs_token
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return make_instance, (type(self), self.storage_args, self.storage_options)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        """Turn path from fully-qualified to file-system-specific
+
+        May require FS-specific handling, e.g., for relative paths or links.
+        """
+        if isinstance(path, list):
+            return [cls._strip_protocol(p) for p in path]
+        path = stringify_path(path)
+        protos = (cls.protocol,) if isinstance(cls.protocol, str) else cls.protocol
+        for protocol in protos:
+            if path.startswith(protocol + "://"):
+                path = path[len(protocol) + 3 :]
+            elif path.startswith(protocol + "::"):
+                path = path[len(protocol) + 2 :]
+        path = path.rstrip("/")
+        # use of root_marker to make minimum required path, e.g., "/"
+        return path or cls.root_marker
+
+    def unstrip_protocol(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """Format FS-specific path to generic, including protocol"""
+        protos = (self.protocol,) if isinstance(self.protocol, str) else self.protocol
+        for protocol in protos:
+            if name.startswith(f"{protocol}://"):
+                return name
+        return f"{protos[0]}://{name}"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        """If kwargs can be encoded in the paths, extract them here
+
+        This should happen before instantiation of the class; incoming paths
+        then should be amended to strip the options in methods.
+
+        Examples may look like an sftp path "sftp://user@host:/my/path", where
+        the user and host should become kwargs and later get stripped.
+        """
+        # by default, nothing happens
+        return {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current(cls):
+        """Return the most recently instantiated FileSystem
+
+        If no instance has been created, then create one with defaults
+        """
+        if cls._latest in cls._cache:
+            return cls._cache[cls._latest]
+        return cls()
+
+    @property
+    def transaction(self):
+        """A context within which files are committed together upon exit
+
+        Requires the file class to implement `.commit()` and `.discard()`
+        for the normal and exception cases.
+        """
+        if self._transaction is None:
+            self._transaction = self.transaction_type(self)
+        return self._transaction
+
+    def start_transaction(self):
+        """Begin write transaction for deferring files, non-context version"""
+        self._intrans = True
+        self._transaction = self.transaction_type(self)
+        return self.transaction
+
+    def end_transaction(self):
+        """Finish write transaction, non-context version"""
+        self.transaction.complete()
+        self._transaction = None
+        # The invalid cache must be cleared after the transaction is completed.
+        for path in self._invalidated_caches_in_transaction:
+            self.invalidate_cache(path)
+        self._invalidated_caches_in_transaction.clear()
+
+    def invalidate_cache(self, path=None):
+        """
+        Discard any cached directory information
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: string or None
+            If None, clear all listings cached else listings at or under given
+            path.
+        """
+        # Not necessary to implement invalidation mechanism, may have no cache.
+        # But if have, you should call this method of parent class from your
+        # subclass to ensure expiring caches after transacations correctly.
+        # See the implementation of FTPFileSystem in ftp.py
+        if self._intrans:
+            self._invalidated_caches_in_transaction.append(path)
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Create directory entry at path
+
+        For systems that don't have true directories, may create an for
+        this instance only and not touch the real filesystem
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            location
+        create_parents: bool
+            if True, this is equivalent to ``makedirs``
+        kwargs:
+            may be permissions, etc.
+        """
+        pass  # not necessary to implement, may not have directories
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        """Recursively make directories
+
+        Creates directory at path and any intervening required directories.
+        Raises exception if, for instance, the path already exists but is a
+        file.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            leaf directory name
+        exist_ok: bool (False)
+            If False, will error if the target already exists
+        """
+        pass  # not necessary to implement, may not have directories
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        """Remove a directory, if empty"""
+        pass  # not necessary to implement, may not have directories
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        """List objects at path.
+
+        This should include subdirectories and files at that location. The
+        difference between a file and a directory must be clear when details
+        are requested.
+
+        The specific keys, or perhaps a FileInfo class, or similar, is TBD,
+        but must be consistent across implementations.
+        Must include:
+
+        - full path to the entry (without protocol)
+        - size of the entry, in bytes. If the value cannot be determined, will
+          be ``None``.
+        - type of entry, "file", "directory" or other
+
+        Additional information
+        may be present, appropriate to the file-system, e.g., generation,
+        checksum, etc.
+
+        May use refresh=True|False to allow use of self._ls_from_cache to
+        check for a saved listing and avoid calling the backend. This would be
+        common where listing may be expensive.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+        detail: bool
+            if True, gives a list of dictionaries, where each is the same as
+            the result of ``info(path)``. If False, gives a list of paths
+            (str).
+        kwargs: may have additional backend-specific options, such as version
+            information
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        List of strings if detail is False, or list of directory information
+        dicts if detail is True.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _ls_from_cache(self, path):
+        """Check cache for listing
+
+        Returns listing, if found (may be empty list for a directly that exists
+        but contains nothing), None if not in cache.
+        """
+        parent = self._parent(path)
+        try:
+            return self.dircache[path.rstrip("/")]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        try:
+            files = [
+                f
+                for f in self.dircache[parent]
+                if f["name"] == path
+                or (f["name"] == path.rstrip("/") and f["type"] == "directory")
+            ]
+            if len(files) == 0:
+                # parent dir was listed but did not contain this file
+                raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+            return files
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+    def walk(self, path, maxdepth=None, topdown=True, on_error="omit", **kwargs):
+        """Return all files under the given path.
+
+        List all files, recursing into subdirectories; output is iterator-style,
+        like ``os.walk()``. For a simple list of files, ``find()`` is available.
+
+        When topdown is True, the caller can modify the dirnames list in-place (perhaps
+        using del or slice assignment), and walk() will
+        only recurse into the subdirectories whose names remain in dirnames;
+        this can be used to prune the search, impose a specific order of visiting,
+        or even to inform walk() about directories the caller creates or renames before
+        it resumes walk() again.
+        Modifying dirnames when topdown is False has no effect. (see os.walk)
+
+        Note that the "files" outputted will include anything that is not
+        a directory, such as links.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Root to recurse into
+        maxdepth: int
+            Maximum recursion depth. None means limitless, but not recommended
+            on link-based file-systems.
+        topdown: bool (True)
+            Whether to walk the directory tree from the top downwards or from
+            the bottom upwards.
+        on_error: "omit", "raise", a callable
+            if omit (default), path with exception will simply be empty;
+            If raise, an underlying exception will be raised;
+            if callable, it will be called with a single OSError instance as argument
+        kwargs: passed to ``ls``
+        """
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        full_dirs = {}
+        dirs = {}
+        files = {}
+
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+        try:
+            listing = self.ls(path, detail=True, **kwargs)
+        except (FileNotFoundError, OSError) as e:
+            if on_error == "raise":
+                raise
+            if callable(on_error):
+                on_error(e)
+            return
+
+        for info in listing:
+            # each info name must be at least [path]/part , but here
+            # we check also for names like [path]/part/
+            pathname = info["name"].rstrip("/")
+            name = pathname.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+            if info["type"] == "directory" and pathname != path:
+                # do not include "self" path
+                full_dirs[name] = pathname
+                dirs[name] = info
+            elif pathname == path:
+                # file-like with same name as give path
+                files[""] = info
+            else:
+                files[name] = info
+
+        if not detail:
+            dirs = list(dirs)
+            files = list(files)
+
+        if topdown:
+            # Yield before recursion if walking top down
+            yield path, dirs, files
+
+        if maxdepth is not None:
+            maxdepth -= 1
+            if maxdepth < 1:
+                if not topdown:
+                    yield path, dirs, files
+                return
+
+        for d in dirs:
+            yield from self.walk(
+                full_dirs[d],
+                maxdepth=maxdepth,
+                detail=detail,
+                topdown=topdown,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        if not topdown:
+            # Yield after recursion if walking bottom up
+            yield path, dirs, files
+
+    def find(self, path, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        """List all files below path.
+
+        Like posix ``find`` command without conditions
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+        maxdepth: int or None
+            If not None, the maximum number of levels to descend
+        withdirs: bool
+            Whether to include directory paths in the output. This is True
+            when used by glob, but users usually only want files.
+        kwargs are passed to ``ls``.
+        """
+        # TODO: allow equivalent of -name parameter
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        out = {}
+
+        # Add the root directory if withdirs is requested
+        # This is needed for posix glob compliance
+        if withdirs and path != "" and self.isdir(path):
+            out[path] = self.info(path)
+
+        for _, dirs, files in self.walk(path, maxdepth, detail=True, **kwargs):
+            if withdirs:
+                files.update(dirs)
+            out.update({info["name"]: info for name, info in files.items()})
+        if not out and self.isfile(path):
+            # walk works on directories, but find should also return [path]
+            # when path happens to be a file
+            out[path] = {}
+        names = sorted(out)
+        if not detail:
+            return names
+        else:
+            return {name: out[name] for name in names}
+
+    def du(self, path, total=True, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, **kwargs):
+        """Space used by files and optionally directories within a path
+
+        Directory size does not include the size of its contents.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+        total: bool
+            Whether to sum all the file sizes
+        maxdepth: int or None
+            Maximum number of directory levels to descend, None for unlimited.
+        withdirs: bool
+            Whether to include directory paths in the output.
+        kwargs: passed to ``find``
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Dict of {path: size} if total=False, or int otherwise, where numbers
+        refer to bytes used.
+        """
+        sizes = {}
+        if withdirs and self.isdir(path):
+            # Include top-level directory in output
+            info = self.info(path)
+            sizes[info["name"]] = info["size"]
+        for f in self.find(path, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=withdirs, **kwargs):
+            info = self.info(f)
+            sizes[info["name"]] = info["size"]
+        if total:
+            return sum(sizes.values())
+        else:
+            return sizes
+
+    def glob(self, path, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        """Find files by glob-matching.
+
+        Pattern matching capabilities for finding files that match the given pattern.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            The glob pattern to match against
+        maxdepth: int or None
+            Maximum depth for ``'**'`` patterns. Applied on the first ``'**'`` found.
+            Must be at least 1 if provided.
+        kwargs:
+            Additional arguments passed to ``find`` (e.g., detail=True)
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        List of matched paths, or dict of paths and their info if detail=True
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Supported patterns:
+        - '*': Matches any sequence of characters within a single directory level
+        - ``'**'``: Matches any number of directory levels (must be an entire path component)
+        - '?': Matches exactly one character
+        - '[abc]': Matches any character in the set
+        - '[a-z]': Matches any character in the range
+        - '[!abc]': Matches any character NOT in the set
+
+        Special behaviors:
+        - If the path ends with '/', only folders are returned
+        - Consecutive '*' characters are compressed into a single '*'
+        - Empty brackets '[]' never match anything
+        - Negated empty brackets '[!]' match any single character
+        - Special characters in character classes are escaped properly
+
+        Limitations:
+        - ``'**'`` must be a complete path component (e.g., ``'a/**/b'``, not ``'a**b'``)
+        - No brace expansion ('{a,b}.txt')
+        - No extended glob patterns ('+(pattern)', '!(pattern)')
+        """
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        import re
+
+        seps = (os.path.sep, os.path.altsep) if os.path.altsep else (os.path.sep,)
+        ends_with_sep = path.endswith(seps)  # _strip_protocol strips trailing slash
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        append_slash_to_dirname = ends_with_sep or path.endswith(
+            tuple(sep + "**" for sep in seps)
+        )
+        idx_star = path.find("*") if path.find("*") >= 0 else len(path)
+        idx_qmark = path.find("?") if path.find("?") >= 0 else len(path)
+        idx_brace = path.find("[") if path.find("[") >= 0 else len(path)
+
+        min_idx = min(idx_star, idx_qmark, idx_brace)
+
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+        withdirs = kwargs.pop("withdirs", True)
+
+        if not has_magic(path):
+            if self.exists(path, **kwargs):
+                if not detail:
+                    return [path]
+                else:
+                    return {path: self.info(path, **kwargs)}
+            else:
+                if not detail:
+                    return []  # glob of non-existent returns empty
+                else:
+                    return {}
+        elif "/" in path[:min_idx]:
+            min_idx = path[:min_idx].rindex("/")
+            root = path[: min_idx + 1]
+            depth = path[min_idx + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+        else:
+            root = ""
+            depth = path[min_idx + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+
+        if "**" in path:
+            if maxdepth is not None:
+                idx_double_stars = path.find("**")
+                depth_double_stars = path[idx_double_stars:].count("/") + 1
+                depth = depth - depth_double_stars + maxdepth
+            else:
+                depth = None
+
+        allpaths = self.find(
+            root, maxdepth=depth, withdirs=withdirs, detail=True, **kwargs
+        )
+
+        pattern = glob_translate(path + ("/" if ends_with_sep else ""))
+        pattern = re.compile(pattern)
+
+        out = {
+            p: info
+            for p, info in sorted(allpaths.items())
+            if pattern.match(
+                p + "/"
+                if append_slash_to_dirname and info["type"] == "directory"
+                else p
+            )
+        }
+
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return list(out)
+
+    def exists(self, path, **kwargs):
+        """Is there a file at the given path"""
+        try:
+            self.info(path, **kwargs)
+            return True
+        except:  # noqa: E722
+            # any exception allowed bar FileNotFoundError?
+            return False
+
+    def lexists(self, path, **kwargs):
+        """If there is a file at the given path (including
+        broken links)"""
+        return self.exists(path)
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        """Give details of entry at path
+
+        Returns a single dictionary, with exactly the same information as ``ls``
+        would with ``detail=True``.
+
+        The default implementation calls ls and could be overridden by a
+        shortcut. kwargs are passed on to ```ls()``.
+
+        Some file systems might not be able to measure the file's size, in
+        which case, the returned dict will include ``'size': None``.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        dict with keys: name (full path in the FS), size (in bytes), type (file,
+        directory, or something else) and other FS-specific keys.
+        """
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        out = self.ls(self._parent(path), detail=True, **kwargs)
+        out = [o for o in out if o["name"].rstrip("/") == path]
+        if out:
+            return out[0]
+        out = self.ls(path, detail=True, **kwargs)
+        path = path.rstrip("/")
+        out1 = [o for o in out if o["name"].rstrip("/") == path]
+        if len(out1) == 1:
+            if "size" not in out1[0]:
+                out1[0]["size"] = None
+            return out1[0]
+        elif len(out1) > 1 or out:
+            return {"name": path, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def checksum(self, path):
+        """Unique value for current version of file
+
+        If the checksum is the same from one moment to another, the contents
+        are guaranteed to be the same. If the checksum changes, the contents
+        *might* have changed.
+
+        This should normally be overridden; default will probably capture
+        creation/modification timestamp (which would be good) or maybe
+        access timestamp (which would be bad)
+        """
+        return int(tokenize(self.info(path)), 16)
+
+    def size(self, path):
+        """Size in bytes of file"""
+        return self.info(path).get("size", None)
+
+    def sizes(self, paths):
+        """Size in bytes of each file in a list of paths"""
+        return [self.size(p) for p in paths]
+
+    def isdir(self, path):
+        """Is this entry directory-like?"""
+        try:
+            return self.info(path)["type"] == "directory"
+        except OSError:
+            return False
+
+    def isfile(self, path):
+        """Is this entry file-like?"""
+        try:
+            return self.info(path)["type"] == "file"
+        except:  # noqa: E722
+            return False
+
+    def read_text(self, path, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, **kwargs):
+        """Get the contents of the file as a string.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            URL of file on this filesystems
+        encoding, errors, newline: same as `open`.
+        """
+        with self.open(
+            path,
+            mode="r",
+            encoding=encoding,
+            errors=errors,
+            newline=newline,
+            **kwargs,
+        ) as f:
+            return f.read()
+
+    def write_text(
+        self, path, value, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        """Write the text to the given file.
+
+        An existing file will be overwritten.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            URL of file on this filesystems
+        value: str
+            Text to write.
+        encoding, errors, newline: same as `open`.
+        """
+        with self.open(
+            path,
+            mode="w",
+            encoding=encoding,
+            errors=errors,
+            newline=newline,
+            **kwargs,
+        ) as f:
+            return f.write(value)
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        """Get the content of a file
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: URL of file on this filesystems
+        start, end: int
+            Bytes limits of the read. If negative, backwards from end,
+            like usual python slices. Either can be None for start or
+            end of file, respectively
+        kwargs: passed to ``open()``.
+        """
+        # explicitly set buffering off?
+        with self.open(path, "rb", **kwargs) as f:
+            if start is not None:
+                if start >= 0:
+                    f.seek(start)
+                else:
+                    f.seek(max(0, f.size + start))
+            if end is not None:
+                if end < 0:
+                    end = f.size + end
+                return f.read(end - f.tell())
+            return f.read()
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        """Set the bytes of given file"""
+        if mode == "create" and self.exists(path):
+            # non-atomic but simple way; or could use "xb" in open(), which is likely
+            # not as well supported
+            raise FileExistsError
+        with self.open(path, "wb", **kwargs) as f:
+            f.write(value)
+
+    def pipe(self, path, value=None, **kwargs):
+        """Put value into path
+
+        (counterpart to ``cat``)
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: string or dict(str, bytes)
+            If a string, a single remote location to put ``value`` bytes; if a dict,
+            a mapping of {path: bytesvalue}.
+        value: bytes, optional
+            If using a single path, these are the bytes to put there. Ignored if
+            ``path`` is a dict
+        """
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            self.pipe_file(self._strip_protocol(path), value, **kwargs)
+        elif isinstance(path, dict):
+            for k, v in path.items():
+                self.pipe_file(self._strip_protocol(k), v, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("path must be str or dict")
+
+    def cat_ranges(
+        self, paths, starts, ends, max_gap=None, on_error="return", **kwargs
+    ):
+        """Get the contents of byte ranges from one or more files
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        paths: list
+            A list of of filepaths on this filesystems
+        starts, ends: int or list
+            Bytes limits of the read. If using a single int, the same value will be
+            used to read all the specified files.
+        """
+        if max_gap is not None:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        if not isinstance(paths, list):
+            raise TypeError
+        if not isinstance(starts, list):
+            starts = [starts] * len(paths)
+        if not isinstance(ends, list):
+            ends = [ends] * len(paths)
+        if len(starts) != len(paths) or len(ends) != len(paths):
+            raise ValueError
+        out = []
+        for p, s, e in zip(paths, starts, ends):
+            try:
+                out.append(self.cat_file(p, s, e, **kwargs))
+            except Exception as e:
+                if on_error == "return":
+                    out.append(e)
+                else:
+                    raise
+        return out
+
+    def cat(self, path, recursive=False, on_error="raise", **kwargs):
+        """Fetch (potentially multiple) paths' contents
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        recursive: bool
+            If True, assume the path(s) are directories, and get all the
+            contained files
+        on_error : "raise", "omit", "return"
+            If raise, an underlying exception will be raised (converted to KeyError
+            if the type is in self.missing_exceptions); if omit, keys with exception
+            will simply not be included in the output; if "return", all keys are
+            included in the output, but the value will be bytes or an exception
+            instance.
+        kwargs: passed to cat_file
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        dict of {path: contents} if there are multiple paths
+        or the path has been otherwise expanded
+        """
+        paths = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive, **kwargs)
+        if (
+            len(paths) > 1
+            or isinstance(path, list)
+            or paths[0] != self._strip_protocol(path)
+        ):
+            out = {}
+            for path in paths:
+                try:
+                    out[path] = self.cat_file(path, **kwargs)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if on_error == "raise":
+                        raise
+                    if on_error == "return":
+                        out[path] = e
+            return out
+        else:
+            return self.cat_file(paths[0], **kwargs)
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK, outfile=None, **kwargs):
+        """Copy single remote file to local"""
+        from .implementations.local import LocalFileSystem
+
+        if isfilelike(lpath):
+            outfile = lpath
+        elif self.isdir(rpath):
+            os.makedirs(lpath, exist_ok=True)
+            return None
+
+        fs = LocalFileSystem(auto_mkdir=True)
+        fs.makedirs(fs._parent(lpath), exist_ok=True)
+
+        with self.open(rpath, "rb", **kwargs) as f1:
+            if outfile is None:
+                outfile = open(lpath, "wb")
+
+            try:
+                callback.set_size(getattr(f1, "size", None))
+                data = True
+                while data:
+                    data = f1.read(self.blocksize)
+                    segment_len = outfile.write(data)
+                    if segment_len is None:
+                        segment_len = len(data)
+                    callback.relative_update(segment_len)
+            finally:
+                if not isfilelike(lpath):
+                    outfile.close()
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        rpath,
+        lpath,
+        recursive=False,
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        maxdepth=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Copy file(s) to local.
+
+        Copies a specific file or tree of files (if recursive=True). If lpath
+        ends with a "/", it will be assumed to be a directory, and target files
+        will go within. Can submit a list of paths, which may be glob-patterns
+        and will be expanded.
+
+        Calls get_file for each source.
+        """
+        if isinstance(lpath, list) and isinstance(rpath, list):
+            # No need to expand paths when both source and destination
+            # are provided as lists
+            rpaths = rpath
+            lpaths = lpath
+        else:
+            from .implementations.local import (
+                LocalFileSystem,
+                make_path_posix,
+                trailing_sep,
+            )
+
+            source_is_str = isinstance(rpath, str)
+            rpaths = self.expand_path(
+                rpath, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth, **kwargs
+            )
+            if source_is_str and (not recursive or maxdepth is not None):
+                # Non-recursive glob does not copy directories
+                rpaths = [p for p in rpaths if not (trailing_sep(p) or self.isdir(p))]
+                if not rpaths:
+                    return
+
+            if isinstance(lpath, str):
+                lpath = make_path_posix(lpath)
+
+            source_is_file = len(rpaths) == 1
+            dest_is_dir = isinstance(lpath, str) and (
+                trailing_sep(lpath) or LocalFileSystem().isdir(lpath)
+            )
+
+            exists = source_is_str and (
+                (has_magic(rpath) and source_is_file)
+                or (not has_magic(rpath) and dest_is_dir and not trailing_sep(rpath))
+            )
+            lpaths = other_paths(
+                rpaths,
+                lpath,
+                exists=exists,
+                flatten=not source_is_str,
+            )
+
+        callback.set_size(len(lpaths))
+        for lpath, rpath in callback.wrap(zip(lpaths, rpaths)):
+            with callback.branched(rpath, lpath) as child:
+                self.get_file(rpath, lpath, callback=child, **kwargs)
+
+    def put_file(
+        self, lpath, rpath, callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK, mode="overwrite", **kwargs
+    ):
+        """Copy single file to remote"""
+        if mode == "create" and self.exists(rpath):
+            raise FileExistsError
+        if os.path.isdir(lpath):
+            self.makedirs(rpath, exist_ok=True)
+            return None
+
+        with open(lpath, "rb") as f1:
+            size = f1.seek(0, 2)
+            callback.set_size(size)
+            f1.seek(0)
+
+            self.mkdirs(self._parent(os.fspath(rpath)), exist_ok=True)
+            with self.open(rpath, "wb", **kwargs) as f2:
+                while f1.tell() < size:
+                    data = f1.read(self.blocksize)
+                    segment_len = f2.write(data)
+                    if segment_len is None:
+                        segment_len = len(data)
+                    callback.relative_update(segment_len)
+
+    def put(
+        self,
+        lpath,
+        rpath,
+        recursive=False,
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        maxdepth=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Copy file(s) from local.
+
+        Copies a specific file or tree of files (if recursive=True). If rpath
+        ends with a "/", it will be assumed to be a directory, and target files
+        will go within.
+
+        Calls put_file for each source.
+        """
+        if isinstance(lpath, list) and isinstance(rpath, list):
+            # No need to expand paths when both source and destination
+            # are provided as lists
+            rpaths = rpath
+            lpaths = lpath
+        else:
+            from .implementations.local import (
+                LocalFileSystem,
+                make_path_posix,
+                trailing_sep,
+            )
+
+            source_is_str = isinstance(lpath, str)
+            if source_is_str:
+                lpath = make_path_posix(lpath)
+            fs = LocalFileSystem()
+            lpaths = fs.expand_path(
+                lpath, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth, **kwargs
+            )
+            if source_is_str and (not recursive or maxdepth is not None):
+                # Non-recursive glob does not copy directories
+                lpaths = [p for p in lpaths if not (trailing_sep(p) or fs.isdir(p))]
+                if not lpaths:
+                    return
+
+            source_is_file = len(lpaths) == 1
+            dest_is_dir = isinstance(rpath, str) and (
+                trailing_sep(rpath) or self.isdir(rpath)
+            )
+
+            rpath = (
+                self._strip_protocol(rpath)
+                if isinstance(rpath, str)
+                else [self._strip_protocol(p) for p in rpath]
+            )
+            exists = source_is_str and (
+                (has_magic(lpath) and source_is_file)
+                or (not has_magic(lpath) and dest_is_dir and not trailing_sep(lpath))
+            )
+            rpaths = other_paths(
+                lpaths,
+                rpath,
+                exists=exists,
+                flatten=not source_is_str,
+            )
+
+        callback.set_size(len(rpaths))
+        for lpath, rpath in callback.wrap(zip(lpaths, rpaths)):
+            with callback.branched(lpath, rpath) as child:
+                self.put_file(lpath, rpath, callback=child, **kwargs)
+
+    def head(self, path, size=1024):
+        """Get the first ``size`` bytes from file"""
+        with self.open(path, "rb") as f:
+            return f.read(size)
+
+    def tail(self, path, size=1024):
+        """Get the last ``size`` bytes from file"""
+        with self.open(path, "rb") as f:
+            f.seek(max(-size, -f.size), 2)
+            return f.read()
+
+    def cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def copy(
+        self, path1, path2, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, on_error=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        """Copy within two locations in the filesystem
+
+        on_error : "raise", "ignore"
+            If raise, any not-found exceptions will be raised; if ignore any
+            not-found exceptions will cause the path to be skipped; defaults to
+            raise unless recursive is true, where the default is ignore
+        """
+        if on_error is None and recursive:
+            on_error = "ignore"
+        elif on_error is None:
+            on_error = "raise"
+
+        if isinstance(path1, list) and isinstance(path2, list):
+            # No need to expand paths when both source and destination
+            # are provided as lists
+            paths1 = path1
+            paths2 = path2
+        else:
+            from .implementations.local import trailing_sep
+
+            source_is_str = isinstance(path1, str)
+            paths1 = self.expand_path(
+                path1, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth, **kwargs
+            )
+            if source_is_str and (not recursive or maxdepth is not None):
+                # Non-recursive glob does not copy directories
+                paths1 = [p for p in paths1 if not (trailing_sep(p) or self.isdir(p))]
+                if not paths1:
+                    return
+
+            source_is_file = len(paths1) == 1
+            dest_is_dir = isinstance(path2, str) and (
+                trailing_sep(path2) or self.isdir(path2)
+            )
+
+            exists = source_is_str and (
+                (has_magic(path1) and source_is_file)
+                or (not has_magic(path1) and dest_is_dir and not trailing_sep(path1))
+            )
+            paths2 = other_paths(
+                paths1,
+                path2,
+                exists=exists,
+                flatten=not source_is_str,
+            )
+
+        for p1, p2 in zip(paths1, paths2):
+            try:
+                self.cp_file(p1, p2, **kwargs)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                if on_error == "raise":
+                    raise
+
+    def expand_path(
+        self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, assume_literal=False, **kwargs
+    ):
+        """Turn one or more globs or directories into a list of all matching paths
+        to files or directories.
+
+        kwargs are passed to ``glob`` or ``find``, which may in turn call ``ls``
+        """
+
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        if isinstance(path, (str, os.PathLike)):
+            out = self.expand_path([path], recursive, maxdepth, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            out = set()
+            path = [self._strip_protocol(p) for p in path]
+            for p in path:
+                if not assume_literal and has_magic(p):
+                    bit = set(self.glob(p, maxdepth=maxdepth, **kwargs))
+                    out |= bit
+                    if recursive:
+                        # glob call above expanded one depth so if maxdepth is defined
+                        # then decrement it in expand_path call below. If it is zero
+                        # after decrementing then avoid expand_path call.
+                        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth <= 1:
+                            continue
+                        out |= set(
+                            self.expand_path(
+                                list(bit),
+                                recursive=recursive,
+                                maxdepth=maxdepth - 1 if maxdepth is not None else None,
+                                assume_literal=True,
+                                **kwargs,
+                            )
+                        )
+                    continue
+                elif recursive:
+                    rec = set(
+                        self.find(
+                            p, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=True, detail=False, **kwargs
+                        )
+                    )
+                    out |= rec
+                if p not in out and (recursive is False or self.exists(p)):
+                    # should only check once, for the root
+                    out.add(p)
+        if not out:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        return sorted(out)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        """Move file(s) from one location to another"""
+        if path1 == path2:
+            logger.debug("%s mv: The paths are the same, so no files were moved.", self)
+        else:
+            # explicitly raise exception to prevent data corruption
+            self.copy(
+                path1, path2, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth, on_error="raise"
+            )
+            self.rm(path1, recursive=recursive)
+
+    def rm_file(self, path):
+        """Delete a file"""
+        self._rm(path)
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        """Delete one file"""
+        # this is the old name for the method, prefer rm_file
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        """Delete files.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str or list of str
+            File(s) to delete.
+        recursive: bool
+            If file(s) are directories, recursively delete contents and then
+            also remove the directory
+        maxdepth: int or None
+            Depth to pass to walk for finding files to delete, if recursive.
+            If None, there will be no limit and infinite recursion may be
+            possible.
+        """
+        path = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+        for p in reversed(path):
+            self.rm_file(p)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parent(cls, path):
+        path = cls._strip_protocol(path)
+        if "/" in path:
+            parent = path.rsplit("/", 1)[0].lstrip(cls.root_marker)
+            return cls.root_marker + parent
+        else:
+            return cls.root_marker
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Return raw bytes-mode file-like from the file-system"""
+        return AbstractBufferedFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            mode,
+            block_size,
+            autocommit,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        cache_options=None,
+        compression=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Return a file-like object from the filesystem
+
+        The resultant instance must function correctly in a context ``with``
+        block.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Target file
+        mode: str like 'rb', 'w'
+            See builtin ``open()``
+            Mode "x" (exclusive write) may be implemented by the backend. Even if
+            it is, whether  it is checked up front or on commit, and whether it is
+            atomic is implementation-dependent.
+        block_size: int
+            Some indication of buffering - this is a value in bytes
+        cache_options : dict, optional
+            Extra arguments to pass through to the cache.
+        compression: string or None
+            If given, open file using compression codec. Can either be a compression
+            name (a key in ``fsspec.compression.compr``) or "infer" to guess the
+            compression from the filename suffix.
+        encoding, errors, newline: passed on to TextIOWrapper for text mode
+        """
+        import io
+
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if "b" not in mode:
+            mode = mode.replace("t", "") + "b"
+
+            text_kwargs = {
+                k: kwargs.pop(k)
+                for k in ["encoding", "errors", "newline"]
+                if k in kwargs
+            }
+            return io.TextIOWrapper(
+                self.open(
+                    path,
+                    mode,
+                    block_size=block_size,
+                    cache_options=cache_options,
+                    compression=compression,
+                    **kwargs,
+                ),
+                **text_kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            ac = kwargs.pop("autocommit", not self._intrans)
+            f = self._open(
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                autocommit=ac,
+                cache_options=cache_options,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+            if compression is not None:
+                from fsspec.compression import compr
+                from fsspec.core import get_compression
+
+                compression = get_compression(path, compression)
+                compress = compr[compression]
+                f = compress(f, mode=mode[0])
+
+            if not ac and "r" not in mode:
+                self.transaction.files.append(f)
+            return f
+
+    def touch(self, path, truncate=True, **kwargs):
+        """Create empty file, or update timestamp
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            file location
+        truncate: bool
+            If True, always set file size to 0; if False, update timestamp and
+            leave file unchanged, if backend allows this
+        """
+        if truncate or not self.exists(path):
+            with self.open(path, "wb", **kwargs):
+                pass
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError  # update timestamp, if possible
+
+    def ukey(self, path):
+        """Hash of file properties, to tell if it has changed"""
+        return sha256(str(self.info(path)).encode()).hexdigest()
+
+    def read_block(self, fn, offset, length, delimiter=None):
+        """Read a block of bytes from
+
+        Starting at ``offset`` of the file, read ``length`` bytes.  If
+        ``delimiter`` is set then we ensure that the read starts and stops at
+        delimiter boundaries that follow the locations ``offset`` and ``offset
+        + length``.  If ``offset`` is zero then we start at zero.  The
+        bytestring returned WILL include the end delimiter string.
+
+        If offset+length is beyond the eof, reads to eof.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fn: string
+            Path to filename
+        offset: int
+            Byte offset to start read
+        length: int
+            Number of bytes to read. If None, read to end.
+        delimiter: bytes (optional)
+            Ensure reading starts and stops at delimiter bytestring
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> fs.read_block('data/file.csv', 0, 13)  # doctest: +SKIP
+        b'Alice, 100\\nBo'
+        >>> fs.read_block('data/file.csv', 0, 13, delimiter=b'\\n')  # doctest: +SKIP
+        b'Alice, 100\\nBob, 200\\n'
+
+        Use ``length=None`` to read to the end of the file.
+        >>> fs.read_block('data/file.csv', 0, None, delimiter=b'\\n')  # doctest: +SKIP
+        b'Alice, 100\\nBob, 200\\nCharlie, 300'
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        :func:`fsspec.utils.read_block`
+        """
+        with self.open(fn, "rb") as f:
+            size = f.size
+            if length is None:
+                length = size
+            if size is not None and offset + length > size:
+                length = size - offset
+            return read_block(f, offset, length, delimiter)
+
+    def to_json(self, *, include_password: bool = True) -> str:
+        """
+        JSON representation of this filesystem instance.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        include_password: bool, default True
+            Whether to include the password (if any) in the output.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        JSON string with keys ``cls`` (the python location of this class),
+        protocol (text name of this class's protocol, first one in case of
+        multiple), ``args`` (positional args, usually empty), and all other
+        keyword arguments as their own keys.
+
+        Warnings
+        --------
+        Serialized filesystems may contain sensitive information which have been
+        passed to the constructor, such as passwords and tokens. Make sure you
+        store and send them in a secure environment!
+        """
+        from .json import FilesystemJSONEncoder
+
+        return json.dumps(
+            self,
+            cls=type(
+                "_FilesystemJSONEncoder",
+                (FilesystemJSONEncoder,),
+                {"include_password": include_password},
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_json(blob: str) -> AbstractFileSystem:
+        """
+        Recreate a filesystem instance from JSON representation.
+
+        See ``.to_json()`` for the expected structure of the input.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        blob: str
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        file system instance, not necessarily of this particular class.
+
+        Warnings
+        --------
+        This can import arbitrary modules (as determined by the ``cls`` key).
+        Make sure you haven't installed any modules that may execute malicious code
+        at import time.
+        """
+        from .json import FilesystemJSONDecoder
+
+        return json.loads(blob, cls=FilesystemJSONDecoder)
+
+    def to_dict(self, *, include_password: bool = True) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        JSON-serializable dictionary representation of this filesystem instance.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        include_password: bool, default True
+            Whether to include the password (if any) in the output.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Dictionary with keys ``cls`` (the python location of this class),
+        protocol (text name of this class's protocol, first one in case of
+        multiple), ``args`` (positional args, usually empty), and all other
+        keyword arguments as their own keys.
+
+        Warnings
+        --------
+        Serialized filesystems may contain sensitive information which have been
+        passed to the constructor, such as passwords and tokens. Make sure you
+        store and send them in a secure environment!
+        """
+        from .json import FilesystemJSONEncoder
+
+        json_encoder = FilesystemJSONEncoder()
+
+        cls = type(self)
+        proto = self.protocol
+
+        storage_options = dict(self.storage_options)
+        if not include_password:
+            storage_options.pop("password", None)
+
+        return dict(
+            cls=f"{cls.__module__}:{cls.__name__}",
+            protocol=proto[0] if isinstance(proto, (tuple, list)) else proto,
+            args=json_encoder.make_serializable(self.storage_args),
+            **json_encoder.make_serializable(storage_options),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_dict(dct: dict[str, Any]) -> AbstractFileSystem:
+        """
+        Recreate a filesystem instance from dictionary representation.
+
+        See ``.to_dict()`` for the expected structure of the input.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        dct: Dict[str, Any]
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        file system instance, not necessarily of this particular class.
+
+        Warnings
+        --------
+        This can import arbitrary modules (as determined by the ``cls`` key).
+        Make sure you haven't installed any modules that may execute malicious code
+        at import time.
+        """
+        from .json import FilesystemJSONDecoder
+
+        json_decoder = FilesystemJSONDecoder()
+
+        dct = dict(dct)  # Defensive copy
+
+        cls = FilesystemJSONDecoder.try_resolve_fs_cls(dct)
+        if cls is None:
+            raise ValueError("Not a serialized AbstractFileSystem")
+
+        dct.pop("cls", None)
+        dct.pop("protocol", None)
+
+        return cls(
+            *json_decoder.unmake_serializable(dct.pop("args", ())),
+            **json_decoder.unmake_serializable(dct),
+        )
+
+    def _get_pyarrow_filesystem(self):
+        """
+        Make a version of the FS instance which will be acceptable to pyarrow
+        """
+        # all instances already also derive from pyarrow
+        return self
+
+    def get_mapper(self, root="", check=False, create=False, missing_exceptions=None):
+        """Create key/value store based on this file-system
+
+        Makes a MutableMapping interface to the FS at the given root path.
+        See ``fsspec.mapping.FSMap`` for further details.
+        """
+        from .mapping import FSMap
+
+        return FSMap(
+            root,
+            self,
+            check=check,
+            create=create,
+            missing_exceptions=missing_exceptions,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def clear_instance_cache(cls):
+        """
+        Clear the cache of filesystem instances.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Unless overridden by setting the ``cachable`` class attribute to False,
+        the filesystem class stores a reference to newly created instances. This
+        prevents Python's normal rules around garbage collection from working,
+        since the instances refcount will not drop to zero until
+        ``clear_instance_cache`` is called.
+        """
+        cls._cache.clear()
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        """Return the created timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        """Return the modified timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def tree(
+        self,
+        path: str = "/",
+        recursion_limit: int = 2,
+        max_display: int = 25,
+        display_size: bool = False,
+        prefix: str = "",
+        is_last: bool = True,
+        first: bool = True,
+        indent_size: int = 4,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a tree-like structure of the filesystem starting from the given path as a string.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+            path: Root path to start traversal from
+            recursion_limit: Maximum depth of directory traversal
+            max_display: Maximum number of items to display per directory
+            display_size: Whether to display file sizes
+            prefix: Current line prefix for visual tree structure
+            is_last: Whether current item is last in its level
+            first: Whether this is the first call (displays root path)
+            indent_size: Number of spaces by indent
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+            str: A string representing the tree structure.
+
+        Example
+        -------
+            >>> from fsspec import filesystem
+
+            >>> fs = filesystem('ftp', host='test.rebex.net', user='demo', password='password')
+            >>> tree = fs.tree(display_size=True, recursion_limit=3, indent_size=8, max_display=10)
+            >>> print(tree)
+        """
+
+        def format_bytes(n: int) -> str:
+            """Format bytes as text."""
+            for prefix, k in (
+                ("P", 2**50),
+                ("T", 2**40),
+                ("G", 2**30),
+                ("M", 2**20),
+                ("k", 2**10),
+            ):
+                if n >= 0.9 * k:
+                    return f"{n / k:.2f} {prefix}b"
+            return f"{n}B"
+
+        result = []
+
+        if first:
+            result.append(path)
+
+        if recursion_limit:
+            indent = " " * indent_size
+            contents = self.ls(path, detail=True)
+            contents.sort(
+                key=lambda x: (x.get("type") != "directory", x.get("name", ""))
+            )
+
+            if max_display is not None and len(contents) > max_display:
+                displayed_contents = contents[:max_display]
+                remaining_count = len(contents) - max_display
+            else:
+                displayed_contents = contents
+                remaining_count = 0
+
+            for i, item in enumerate(displayed_contents):
+                is_last_item = (i == len(displayed_contents) - 1) and (
+                    remaining_count == 0
+                )
+
+                branch = (
+                    "└" + ("─" * (indent_size - 2))
+                    if is_last_item
+                    else "├" + ("─" * (indent_size - 2))
+                )
+                branch += " "
+                new_prefix = prefix + (
+                    indent if is_last_item else "│" + " " * (indent_size - 1)
+                )
+
+                name = os.path.basename(item.get("name", ""))
+
+                if display_size and item.get("type") == "directory":
+                    sub_contents = self.ls(item.get("name", ""), detail=True)
+                    num_files = sum(
+                        1 for sub_item in sub_contents if sub_item.get("type") == "file"
+                    )
+                    num_folders = sum(
+                        1
+                        for sub_item in sub_contents
+                        if sub_item.get("type") == "directory"
+                    )
+
+                    if num_files == 0 and num_folders == 0:
+                        size = " (empty folder)"
+                    elif num_files == 0:
+                        size = f" ({num_folders} subfolder{'s' if num_folders > 1 else ''})"
+                    elif num_folders == 0:
+                        size = f" ({num_files} file{'s' if num_files > 1 else ''})"
+                    else:
+                        size = f" ({num_files} file{'s' if num_files > 1 else ''}, {num_folders} subfolder{'s' if num_folders > 1 else ''})"
+                elif display_size and item.get("type") == "file":
+                    size = f" ({format_bytes(item.get('size', 0))})"
+                else:
+                    size = ""
+
+                result.append(f"{prefix}{branch}{name}{size}")
+
+                if item.get("type") == "directory" and recursion_limit > 0:
+                    result.append(
+                        self.tree(
+                            path=item.get("name", ""),
+                            recursion_limit=recursion_limit - 1,
+                            max_display=max_display,
+                            display_size=display_size,
+                            prefix=new_prefix,
+                            is_last=is_last_item,
+                            first=False,
+                            indent_size=indent_size,
+                        )
+                    )
+
+            if remaining_count > 0:
+                more_message = f"{remaining_count} more item(s) not displayed."
+                result.append(
+                    f"{prefix}{'└' + ('─' * (indent_size - 2))} {more_message}"
+                )
+
+        return "\n".join(_ for _ in result if _)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Aliases
+
+    def read_bytes(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.cat_file`."""
+        return self.cat_file(path, start=start, end=end, **kwargs)
+
+    def write_bytes(self, path, value, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.pipe_file`."""
+        self.pipe_file(path, value, **kwargs)
+
+    def makedir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.mkdir`."""
+        return self.mkdir(path, create_parents=create_parents, **kwargs)
+
+    def mkdirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.makedirs`."""
+        return self.makedirs(path, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+
+    def listdir(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.ls`."""
+        return self.ls(path, detail=detail, **kwargs)
+
+    def cp(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.copy`."""
+        return self.copy(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def move(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.mv`."""
+        return self.mv(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def stat(self, path, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.info`."""
+        return self.info(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def disk_usage(self, path, total=True, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.du`."""
+        return self.du(path, total=total, maxdepth=maxdepth, **kwargs)
+
+    def rename(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.mv`."""
+        return self.mv(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def delete(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.rm`."""
+        return self.rm(path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+
+    def upload(self, lpath, rpath, recursive=False, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.put`."""
+        return self.put(lpath, rpath, recursive=recursive, **kwargs)
+
+    def download(self, rpath, lpath, recursive=False, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.get`."""
+        return self.get(rpath, lpath, recursive=recursive, **kwargs)
+
+    def sign(self, path, expiration=100, **kwargs):
+        """Create a signed URL representing the given path
+
+        Some implementations allow temporary URLs to be generated, as a
+        way of delegating credentials.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+             The path on the filesystem
+        expiration : int
+            Number of seconds to enable the URL for (if supported)
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        URL : str
+            The signed URL
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        NotImplementedError : if method is not implemented for a filesystem
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Sign is not implemented for this filesystem")
+
+    def _isfilestore(self):
+        # Originally inherited from pyarrow DaskFileSystem. Keeping this
+        # here for backwards compatibility as long as pyarrow uses its
+        # legacy fsspec-compatible filesystems and thus accepts fsspec
+        # filesystems as well
+        return False
+
+
+class AbstractBufferedFile(io.IOBase):
+    """Convenient class to derive from to provide buffering
+
+    In the case that the backend does not provide a pythonic file-like object
+    already, this class contains much of the logic to build one. The only
+    methods that need to be overridden are ``_upload_chunk``,
+    ``_initiate_upload`` and ``_fetch_range``.
+    """
+
+    DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE = 5 * 2**20
+    _details = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size="default",
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Template for files with buffered reading and writing
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fs: instance of FileSystem
+        path: str
+            location in file-system
+        mode: str
+            Normal file modes. Currently only 'wb', 'ab' or 'rb'. Some file
+            systems may be read-only, and some may not support append.
+        block_size: int
+            Buffer size for reading or writing, 'default' for class default
+        autocommit: bool
+            Whether to write to final destination; may only impact what
+            happens when file is being closed.
+        cache_type: {"readahead", "none", "mmap", "bytes"}, default "readahead"
+            Caching policy in read mode. See the definitions in ``core``.
+        cache_options : dict
+            Additional options passed to the constructor for the cache specified
+            by `cache_type`.
+        size: int
+            If given and in read mode, suppressed having to look up the file size
+        kwargs:
+            Gets stored as self.kwargs
+        """
+        from .core import caches
+
+        self.path = path
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.blocksize = (
+            self.DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE if block_size in ["default", None] else block_size
+        )
+        self.loc = 0
+        self.autocommit = autocommit
+        self.end = None
+        self.start = None
+        self.closed = False
+
+        if cache_options is None:
+            cache_options = {}
+
+        if "trim" in kwargs:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Passing 'trim' to control the cache behavior has been deprecated. "
+                "Specify it within the 'cache_options' argument instead.",
+                FutureWarning,
+            )
+            cache_options["trim"] = kwargs.pop("trim")
+
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+        if mode not in {"ab", "rb", "wb", "xb"}:
+            raise NotImplementedError("File mode not supported")
+        if mode == "rb":
+            if size is not None:
+                self.size = size
+            else:
+                self.size = self.details["size"]
+            self.cache = caches[cache_type](
+                self.blocksize, self._fetch_range, self.size, **cache_options
+            )
+        else:
+            self.buffer = io.BytesIO()
+            self.offset = None
+            self.forced = False
+            self.location = None
+
+    @property
+    def details(self):
+        if self._details is None:
+            self._details = self.fs.info(self.path)
+        return self._details
+
+    @details.setter
+    def details(self, value):
+        self._details = value
+        self.size = value["size"]
+
+    @property
+    def full_name(self):
+        return _unstrip_protocol(self.path, self.fs)
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        # get around this attr being read-only in IOBase
+        # use getattr here, since this can be called during del
+        return getattr(self, "_closed", True)
+
+    @closed.setter
+    def closed(self, c):
+        self._closed = c
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        if "w" in self.mode:
+            return id(self)
+        else:
+            return int(tokenize(self.details), 16)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Files are equal if they have the same checksum, only in read mode"""
+        if self is other:
+            return True
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, type(self))
+            and self.mode == "rb"
+            and other.mode == "rb"
+            and hash(self) == hash(other)
+        )
+
+    def commit(self):
+        """Move from temp to final destination"""
+
+    def discard(self):
+        """Throw away temporary file"""
+
+    def info(self):
+        """File information about this path"""
+        if self.readable():
+            return self.details
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Info not available while writing")
+
+    def tell(self):
+        """Current file location"""
+        return self.loc
+
+    def seek(self, loc, whence=0):
+        """Set current file location
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        loc: int
+            byte location
+        whence: {0, 1, 2}
+            from start of file, current location or end of file, resp.
+        """
+        loc = int(loc)
+        if not self.mode == "rb":
+            raise OSError(ESPIPE, "Seek only available in read mode")
+        if whence == 0:
+            nloc = loc
+        elif whence == 1:
+            nloc = self.loc + loc
+        elif whence == 2:
+            nloc = self.size + loc
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid whence ({whence}, should be 0, 1 or 2)")
+        if nloc < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Seek before start of file")
+        self.loc = nloc
+        return self.loc
+
+    def write(self, data):
+        """
+        Write data to buffer.
+
+        Buffer only sent on flush() or if buffer is greater than
+        or equal to blocksize.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        data: bytes
+            Set of bytes to be written.
+        """
+        if not self.writable():
+            raise ValueError("File not in write mode")
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file.")
+        if self.forced:
+            raise ValueError("This file has been force-flushed, can only close")
+        out = self.buffer.write(data)
+        self.loc += out
+        if self.buffer.tell() >= self.blocksize:
+            self.flush()
+        return out
+
+    def flush(self, force=False):
+        """
+        Write buffered data to backend store.
+
+        Writes the current buffer, if it is larger than the block-size, or if
+        the file is being closed.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        force: bool
+            When closing, write the last block even if it is smaller than
+            blocks are allowed to be. Disallows further writing to this file.
+        """
+
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("Flush on closed file")
+        if force and self.forced:
+            raise ValueError("Force flush cannot be called more than once")
+        if force:
+            self.forced = True
+
+        if self.readable():
+            # no-op to flush on read-mode
+            return
+
+        if not force and self.buffer.tell() < self.blocksize:
+            # Defer write on small block
+            return
+
+        if self.offset is None:
+            # Initialize a multipart upload
+            self.offset = 0
+            try:
+                self._initiate_upload()
+            except:
+                self.closed = True
+                raise
+
+        if self._upload_chunk(final=force) is not False:
+            self.offset += self.buffer.seek(0, 2)
+            self.buffer = io.BytesIO()
+
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        """Write one part of a multi-block file upload
+
+        Parameters
+        ==========
+        final: bool
+            This is the last block, so should complete file, if
+            self.autocommit is True.
+        """
+        # may not yet have been initialized, may need to call _initialize_upload
+
+    def _initiate_upload(self):
+        """Create remote file/upload"""
+        pass
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Get the specified set of bytes from remote"""
+        return self.fs.cat_file(self.path, start=start, end=end)
+
+    def read(self, length=-1):
+        """
+        Return data from cache, or fetch pieces as necessary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        length: int (-1)
+            Number of bytes to read; if <0, all remaining bytes.
+        """
+        length = -1 if length is None else int(length)
+        if self.mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError("File not in read mode")
+        if length < 0:
+            length = self.size - self.loc
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file.")
+        if length == 0:
+            # don't even bother calling fetch
+            return b""
+        out = self.cache._fetch(self.loc, self.loc + length)
+
+        logger.debug(
+            "%s read: %i - %i %s",
+            self,
+            self.loc,
+            self.loc + length,
+            self.cache._log_stats(),
+        )
+        self.loc += len(out)
+        return out
+
+    def readinto(self, b):
+        """mirrors builtin file's readinto method
+
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html#io.RawIOBase.readinto
+        """
+        out = memoryview(b).cast("B")
+        data = self.read(out.nbytes)
+        out[: len(data)] = data
+        return len(data)
+
+    def readuntil(self, char=b"\n", blocks=None):
+        """Return data between current position and first occurrence of char
+
+        char is included in the output, except if the end of the tile is
+        encountered first.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        char: bytes
+            Thing to find
+        blocks: None or int
+            How much to read in each go. Defaults to file blocksize - which may
+            mean a new read on every call.
+        """
+        out = []
+        while True:
+            start = self.tell()
+            part = self.read(blocks or self.blocksize)
+            if len(part) == 0:
+                break
+            found = part.find(char)
+            if found > -1:
+                out.append(part[: found + len(char)])
+                self.seek(start + found + len(char))
+                break
+            out.append(part)
+        return b"".join(out)
+
+    def readline(self):
+        """Read until and including the first occurrence of newline character
+
+        Note that, because of character encoding, this is not necessarily a
+        true line ending.
+        """
+        return self.readuntil(b"\n")
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        out = self.readline()
+        if out:
+            return out
+        raise StopIteration
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def readlines(self):
+        """Return all data, split by the newline character, including the newline character"""
+        data = self.read()
+        lines = data.split(b"\n")
+        out = [l + b"\n" for l in lines[:-1]]
+        if data.endswith(b"\n"):
+            return out
+        else:
+            return out + [lines[-1]]
+        # return list(self)  ???
+
+    def readinto1(self, b):
+        return self.readinto(b)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close file
+
+        Finalizes writes, discards cache
+        """
+        if getattr(self, "_unclosable", False):
+            return
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        try:
+            if self.mode == "rb":
+                self.cache = None
+            else:
+                if not getattr(self, "forced", True):
+                    self.flush(force=True)
+
+                if self.fs is not None:
+                    self.fs.invalidate_cache(self.path)
+                    self.fs.invalidate_cache(self.fs._parent(self.path))
+        finally:
+            self.closed = True
+
+    def readable(self):
+        """Whether opened for reading"""
+        return "r" in self.mode and not self.closed
+
+    def seekable(self):
+        """Whether is seekable (only in read mode)"""
+        return self.readable()
+
+    def writable(self):
+        """Whether opened for writing"""
+        return self.mode in {"wb", "ab", "xb"} and not self.closed
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        if self.mode != "rb":
+            raise RuntimeError("Pickling a writeable file is not supported")
+
+        return reopen, (
+            self.fs,
+            self.path,
+            self.mode,
+            self.blocksize,
+            self.loc,
+            self.size,
+            self.autocommit,
+            self.cache.name if self.cache else "none",
+            self.kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if not self.closed:
+            self.close()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"<File-like object {type(self.fs).__name__}, {self.path}>"
+
+    __repr__ = __str__
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.close()
+
+
+def reopen(fs, path, mode, blocksize, loc, size, autocommit, cache_type, kwargs):
+    file = fs.open(
+        path,
+        mode=mode,
+        block_size=blocksize,
+        autocommit=autocommit,
+        cache_type=cache_type,
+        size=size,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
+    if loc > 0:
+        file.seek(loc)
+    return file
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ed2ad802ecaf021106c25c03112f29e75c7b2f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+import os
+from hashlib import md5
+
+import pytest
+
+from fsspec.implementations.local import LocalFileSystem
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.copy import AbstractCopyTests  # noqa: F401
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.get import AbstractGetTests  # noqa: F401
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.open import AbstractOpenTests  # noqa: F401
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.pipe import AbstractPipeTests  # noqa: F401
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.put import AbstractPutTests  # noqa: F401
+
+
+class BaseAbstractFixtures:
+    """
+    Abstract base class containing fixtures that are used by but never need to
+    be overridden in derived filesystem-specific classes to run the abstract
+    tests on such filesystems.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0(self, fs, fs_join, fs_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on remote filesystem that is used for many cp/get/put tests.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._bulk_operations_scenario_0(fs, fs_join, fs_path)
+        yield source
+        fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_glob_edge_cases_files(self, fs, fs_join, fs_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on remote filesystem that is used for glob edge cases cp/get/put tests.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._glob_edge_cases_files(fs, fs_join, fs_path)
+        yield source
+        fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix(self, fs, fs_join, fs_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on remote filesystem that is used to check cp/get/put on directory
+        and file with the same name prefixes.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix(fs, fs_join, fs_path)
+        yield source
+        fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_10_files_with_hashed_names(self, fs, fs_join, fs_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on remote filesystem that is used to check cp/get/put files order
+        when source and destination are lists.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._10_files_with_hashed_names(fs, fs_join, fs_path)
+        yield source
+        fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_target(self, fs, fs_join, fs_path):
+        """
+        Return name of remote directory that does not yet exist to copy into.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        target = fs_join(fs_path, "target")
+        yield target
+        if fs.exists(target):
+            fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_bulk_operations_scenario_0(self, local_fs, local_join, local_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on local filesystem that is used for many cp/get/put tests.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._bulk_operations_scenario_0(local_fs, local_join, local_path)
+        yield source
+        local_fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_glob_edge_cases_files(self, local_fs, local_join, local_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on local filesystem that is used for glob edge cases cp/get/put tests.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._glob_edge_cases_files(local_fs, local_join, local_path)
+        yield source
+        local_fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix(
+        self, local_fs, local_join, local_path
+    ):
+        """
+        Scenario on local filesystem that is used to check cp/get/put on directory
+        and file with the same name prefixes.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix(
+            local_fs, local_join, local_path
+        )
+        yield source
+        local_fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_10_files_with_hashed_names(self, local_fs, local_join, local_path):
+        """
+        Scenario on local filesystem that is used to check cp/get/put files order
+        when source and destination are lists.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        source = self._10_files_with_hashed_names(local_fs, local_join, local_path)
+        yield source
+        local_fs.rm(source, recursive=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_target(self, local_fs, local_join, local_path):
+        """
+        Return name of local directory that does not yet exist to copy into.
+
+        Cleans up at the end of each test it which it is used.
+        """
+        target = local_join(local_path, "target")
+        yield target
+        if local_fs.exists(target):
+            local_fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+
+    def _glob_edge_cases_files(self, some_fs, some_join, some_path):
+        """
+        Scenario that is used for glob edge cases cp/get/put tests.
+        Creates the following directory and file structure:
+
+        📁 source
+        ├── 📄 file1
+        ├── 📄 file2
+        ├── 📁 subdir0
+        │   ├── 📄 subfile1
+        │   ├── 📄 subfile2
+        │   └── 📁 nesteddir
+        │       └── 📄 nestedfile
+        └── 📁 subdir1
+            ├── 📄 subfile1
+            ├── 📄 subfile2
+            └── 📁 nesteddir
+                └── 📄 nestedfile
+        """
+        source = some_join(some_path, "source")
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(source, "file1"))
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(source, "file2"))
+
+        for subdir_idx in range(2):
+            subdir = some_join(source, f"subdir{subdir_idx}")
+            nesteddir = some_join(subdir, "nesteddir")
+            some_fs.makedirs(nesteddir)
+            some_fs.touch(some_join(subdir, "subfile1"))
+            some_fs.touch(some_join(subdir, "subfile2"))
+            some_fs.touch(some_join(nesteddir, "nestedfile"))
+
+        return source
+
+    def _bulk_operations_scenario_0(self, some_fs, some_join, some_path):
+        """
+        Scenario that is used for many cp/get/put tests. Creates the following
+        directory and file structure:
+
+        📁 source
+        ├── 📄 file1
+        ├── 📄 file2
+        └── 📁 subdir
+            ├── 📄 subfile1
+            ├── 📄 subfile2
+            └── 📁 nesteddir
+                └── 📄 nestedfile
+        """
+        source = some_join(some_path, "source")
+        subdir = some_join(source, "subdir")
+        nesteddir = some_join(subdir, "nesteddir")
+        some_fs.makedirs(nesteddir)
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(source, "file1"))
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(source, "file2"))
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(subdir, "subfile1"))
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(subdir, "subfile2"))
+        some_fs.touch(some_join(nesteddir, "nestedfile"))
+        return source
+
+    def _dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix(self, some_fs, some_join, some_path):
+        """
+        Scenario that is used to check cp/get/put on directory and file with
+        the same name prefixes. Creates the following directory and file structure:
+
+        📁 source
+        ├── 📄 subdir.txt
+        └── 📁 subdir
+            └── 📄 subfile.txt
+        """
+        source = some_join(some_path, "source")
+        subdir = some_join(source, "subdir")
+        file = some_join(source, "subdir.txt")
+        subfile = some_join(subdir, "subfile.txt")
+        some_fs.makedirs(subdir)
+        some_fs.touch(file)
+        some_fs.touch(subfile)
+        return source
+
+    def _10_files_with_hashed_names(self, some_fs, some_join, some_path):
+        """
+        Scenario that is used to check cp/get/put files order when source and
+        destination are lists. Creates the following directory and file structure:
+
+        📁 source
+        └── 📄 {hashed([0-9])}.txt
+        """
+        source = some_join(some_path, "source")
+        for i in range(10):
+            hashed_i = md5(str(i).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+            path = some_join(source, f"{hashed_i}.txt")
+            some_fs.pipe(path=path, value=f"{i}".encode())
+        return source
+
+
+class AbstractFixtures(BaseAbstractFixtures):
+    """
+    Abstract base class containing fixtures that may be overridden in derived
+    filesystem-specific classes to run the abstract tests on such filesystems.
+
+    For any particular filesystem some of these fixtures must be overridden,
+    such as ``fs`` and ``fs_path``, and others may be overridden if the
+    default functions here are not appropriate, such as ``fs_join``.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError("This function must be overridden in derived classes")
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_join(self):
+        """
+        Return a function that joins its arguments together into a path.
+
+        Most fsspec implementations join paths in a platform-dependent way,
+        but some will override this to always use a forward slash.
+        """
+        return os.path.join
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_path(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError("This function must be overridden in derived classes")
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def local_fs(self):
+        # Maybe need an option for auto_mkdir=False?  This is only relevant
+        # for certain implementations.
+        return LocalFileSystem(auto_mkdir=True)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_join(self):
+        """
+        Return a function that joins its arguments together into a path, on
+        the local filesystem.
+        """
+        return os.path.join
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def local_path(self, tmpdir):
+        return tmpdir
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def supports_empty_directories(self):
+        """
+        Return whether this implementation supports empty directories.
+        """
+        return True
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def fs_sanitize_path(self):
+        return lambda x: x
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/common.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/common.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..22e7c4140404ab2a8928689721419cf05c2760b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS = {
+    "argnames": ("path", "recursive", "maxdepth", "expected"),
+    "argvalues": [
+        ("fil?1", False, None, ["file1"]),
+        ("fil?1", True, None, ["file1"]),
+        ("file[1-2]", False, None, ["file1", "file2"]),
+        ("file[1-2]", True, None, ["file1", "file2"]),
+        ("*", False, None, ["file1", "file2"]),
+        (
+            "*",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir0/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("*", True, 1, ["file1", "file2"]),
+        (
+            "*",
+            True,
+            2,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("*1", False, None, ["file1"]),
+        (
+            "*1",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("*1", True, 2, ["file1", "subdir1/subfile1", "subdir1/subfile2"]),
+        (
+            "**",
+            False,
+            None,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir0/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        (
+            "**",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir0/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("**", True, 1, ["file1", "file2"]),
+        (
+            "**",
+            True,
+            2,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir0/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        (
+            "**",
+            False,
+            2,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "file2",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("**/*1", False, None, ["file1", "subdir0/subfile1", "subdir1/subfile1"]),
+        (
+            "**/*1",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "file1",
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        ("**/*1", True, 1, ["file1"]),
+        (
+            "**/*1",
+            True,
+            2,
+            ["file1", "subdir0/subfile1", "subdir1/subfile1", "subdir1/subfile2"],
+        ),
+        ("**/*1", False, 2, ["file1", "subdir0/subfile1", "subdir1/subfile1"]),
+        ("**/subdir0", False, None, []),
+        ("**/subdir0", True, None, ["subfile1", "subfile2", "nesteddir/nestedfile"]),
+        ("**/subdir0/nested*", False, 2, []),
+        ("**/subdir0/nested*", True, 2, ["nestedfile"]),
+        ("subdir[1-2]", False, None, []),
+        ("subdir[1-2]", True, None, ["subfile1", "subfile2", "nesteddir/nestedfile"]),
+        ("subdir[1-2]", True, 2, ["subfile1", "subfile2"]),
+        ("subdir[0-1]", False, None, []),
+        (
+            "subdir[0-1]",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir0/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/nesteddir/nestedfile",
+            ],
+        ),
+        (
+            "subdir[0-1]/*fil[e]*",
+            False,
+            None,
+            [
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+            ],
+        ),
+        (
+            "subdir[0-1]/*fil[e]*",
+            True,
+            None,
+            [
+                "subdir0/subfile1",
+                "subdir0/subfile2",
+                "subdir1/subfile1",
+                "subdir1/subfile2",
+            ],
+        ),
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/copy.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/copy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e39e57e5f7d52bfda8ab5e2398b04cc2303630a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/copy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,557 @@
+from hashlib import md5
+from itertools import product
+
+import pytest
+
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.common import GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS
+
+
+class AbstractCopyTests:
+    def test_copy_file_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1a
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            fs.touch(fs_join(target, "dummy"))
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        target_file2 = fs_join(target, "file2")
+        target_subfile1 = fs_join(target, "subfile1")
+
+        # Copy from source directory
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "file2"), target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        # Copy from sub directory
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Remove copied files
+        fs.rm([target_file2, target_subfile1])
+        assert not fs.exists(target_file2)
+        assert not fs.exists(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Repeat with trailing slash on target
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "file2"), target + "/")
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target + "/")
+        assert fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+    def test_copy_file_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0, fs_target
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1b
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.cp(
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), fs_join(target, "newdir/")
+        )  # Note trailing slash
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_copy_file_to_file_in_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1c
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            fs.touch(fs_join(target, "dummy"))
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), fs_join(target, "newfile"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newfile"))
+
+    def test_copy_file_to_file_in_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0, fs_target
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1d
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.cp(
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), fs_join(target, "newdir", "newfile")
+        )
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "newfile"))
+
+    def test_copy_directory_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1e
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.cp(s, t)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.cp(s, t, recursive=True)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        fs_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.cp(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+    def test_copy_directory_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1f
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.cp(s, t)
+            if supports_empty_directories:
+                assert fs.ls(target) == []
+            else:
+                with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+                    fs.ls(target)
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.cp(s, t, recursive=True)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.cp(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    def test_copy_glob_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(
+                [
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        fs_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                    [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+                )
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.cp(
+                    fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=1
+                )
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                    [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+                )
+
+    def test_copy_glob_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0, fs_target
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1h
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.cp(
+                    fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=1
+                )
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argnames"],
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argvalues"],
+    )
+    def test_copy_glob_edge_cases(
+        self,
+        path,
+        recursive,
+        maxdepth,
+        expected,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_glob_edge_cases_files,
+        fs_target,
+        fs_sanitize_path,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = fs_glob_edge_cases_files
+
+        target = fs_target
+
+        for new_dir, target_slash in product([True, False], [True, False]):
+            fs.mkdir(target)
+
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir") if new_dir else target
+            t = t + "/" if target_slash else t
+
+            fs.copy(fs_join(source, path), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+
+            output = fs.find(target)
+            if new_dir:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    fs_sanitize_path(fs_join(target, "newdir", p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            else:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    fs_sanitize_path(fs_join(target, p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            assert sorted(output) == sorted(prefixed_expected)
+
+            try:
+                fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+    def test_copy_list_of_files_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        fs_target,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2a
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            fs_join(source, "file1"),
+            fs_join(source, "file2"),
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            fs.cp(source_files, t)
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file2"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+
+            fs.rm(
+                [
+                    fs_join(target, "file1"),
+                    fs_join(target, "file2"),
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+    def test_copy_list_of_files_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0, fs_target
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2b
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            fs_join(source, "file1"),
+            fs_join(source, "file2"),
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        fs.cp(source_files, fs_join(target, "newdir") + "/")  # Note trailing slash
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "file1"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "file2"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_copy_two_files_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0, fs_target
+    ):
+        # This is a duplicate of test_copy_list_of_files_to_new_directory and
+        # can eventually be removed.
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        assert not fs.exists(target)
+        fs.cp([fs_join(source, "file1"), fs_join(source, "file2")], target)
+
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file1"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file2"))
+
+    def test_copy_directory_without_files_with_same_name_prefix(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        fs_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Create the test dirs
+        source = fs_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix
+        target = fs_target
+
+        # Test without glob
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir"), target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile.txt"))
+        assert not fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+        fs.rm([fs_join(target, "subfile.txt")])
+        if supports_empty_directories:
+            assert fs.ls(target) == []
+        else:
+            assert not fs.exists(target)
+
+        # Test with glob
+        fs.cp(fs_join(source, "subdir*"), target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile.txt"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+    def test_copy_with_source_and_destination_as_list(
+        self, fs, fs_target, fs_join, fs_10_files_with_hashed_names
+    ):
+        # Create the test dir
+        source = fs_10_files_with_hashed_names
+        target = fs_target
+
+        # Create list of files for source and destination
+        source_files = []
+        destination_files = []
+        for i in range(10):
+            hashed_i = md5(str(i).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+            source_files.append(fs_join(source, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+            destination_files.append(fs_join(target, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+
+        # Copy and assert order was kept
+        fs.copy(path1=source_files, path2=destination_files)
+
+        for i in range(10):
+            file_content = fs.cat(destination_files[i]).decode("utf-8")
+            assert file_content == str(i)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/get.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/get.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..851ab81ee581e74cac41c64c83ef0af75826d6b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/get.py
@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+from hashlib import md5
+from itertools import product
+
+import pytest
+
+from fsspec.implementations.local import make_path_posix
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.common import GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS
+
+
+class AbstractGetTests:
+    def test_get_file_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1a
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+        assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+
+        target_file2 = local_join(target, "file2")
+        target_subfile1 = local_join(target, "subfile1")
+
+        # Copy from source directory
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "file2"), target)
+        assert local_fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        # Copy from sub directory
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target)
+        assert local_fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Remove copied files
+        local_fs.rm([target_file2, target_subfile1])
+        assert not local_fs.exists(target_file2)
+        assert not local_fs.exists(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Repeat with trailing slash on target
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "file2"), target + "/")
+        assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+        assert local_fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target + "/")
+        assert local_fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+    def test_get_file_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1b
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.get(
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), local_join(target, "newdir/")
+        )  # Note trailing slash
+
+        assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+        assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_get_file_to_file_in_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1c
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), local_join(target, "newfile"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newfile"))
+
+    def test_get_file_to_file_in_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1d
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.get(
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+            local_join(target, "newdir", "newfile"),
+        )
+        assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "newfile"))
+
+    def test_get_directory_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1e
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+        assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.get(s, t)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.get(s, t, recursive=True)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        local_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        local_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(
+                    local_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile")
+                )
+
+                local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.get(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        local_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+    def test_get_directory_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1f
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = local_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.get(s, t)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.get(s, t, recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(
+                local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile")
+            )
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.get(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    def test_get_glob_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile2"))
+            assert not local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            local_fs.rm(
+                [
+                    local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                    local_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        local_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        local_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.get(
+                    fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=1
+                )
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        local_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+    def test_get_glob_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1h
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(
+                local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile")
+            )
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+            local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(
+                    local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile")
+                )
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(local_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.get(
+                    fs_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=1
+                )
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                local_fs.rm(local_fs.ls(target, detail=False), recursive=True)
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argnames"],
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argvalues"],
+    )
+    def test_get_glob_edge_cases(
+        self,
+        path,
+        recursive,
+        maxdepth,
+        expected,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_glob_edge_cases_files,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = fs_glob_edge_cases_files
+
+        target = local_target
+
+        for new_dir, target_slash in product([True, False], [True, False]):
+            local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+            t = local_join(target, "newdir") if new_dir else target
+            t = t + "/" if target_slash else t
+
+            fs.get(fs_join(source, path), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+
+            output = local_fs.find(target)
+            if new_dir:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    make_path_posix(local_join(target, "newdir", p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            else:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    make_path_posix(local_join(target, p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            assert sorted(output) == sorted(prefixed_expected)
+
+            try:
+                local_fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+    def test_get_list_of_files_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2a
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            fs_join(source, "file1"),
+            fs_join(source, "file2"),
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            fs.get(source_files, t)
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "file1"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "file2"))
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile1"))
+
+            local_fs.rm(
+                [
+                    local_join(target, "file1"),
+                    local_join(target, "file2"),
+                    local_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+    def test_get_list_of_files_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2b
+        source = fs_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = local_target
+        local_fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            fs_join(source, "file1"),
+            fs_join(source, "file2"),
+            fs_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        fs.get(source_files, local_join(target, "newdir") + "/")  # Note trailing slash
+        assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "file1"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "file2"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_get_directory_recursive(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_path, local_fs, local_join, local_target
+    ):
+        # https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/issues/1062
+        # Recursive cp/get/put of source directory into non-existent target directory.
+        src = fs_join(fs_path, "src")
+        src_file = fs_join(src, "file")
+        fs.mkdir(src)
+        fs.touch(src_file)
+
+        target = local_target
+
+        # get without slash
+        assert not local_fs.exists(target)
+        for loop in range(2):
+            fs.get(src, target, recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+
+            if loop == 0:
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "file"))
+                assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "src"))
+            else:
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "file"))
+                assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "src"))
+                assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "src", "file"))
+
+        local_fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+
+        # get with slash
+        assert not local_fs.exists(target)
+        for loop in range(2):
+            fs.get(src + "/", target, recursive=True)
+            assert local_fs.isdir(target)
+            assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "file"))
+            assert not local_fs.exists(local_join(target, "src"))
+
+    def test_get_directory_without_files_with_same_name_prefix(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+        fs_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix,
+    ):
+        # Create the test dirs
+        source = fs_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix
+        target = local_target
+
+        # Test without glob
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir"), target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subfile.txt"))
+        assert not local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+        local_fs.rm([local_join(target, "subfile.txt")])
+        assert local_fs.ls(target) == []
+
+        # Test with glob
+        fs.get(fs_join(source, "subdir*"), target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert local_fs.isdir(local_join(target, "subdir"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir", "subfile.txt"))
+        assert local_fs.isfile(local_join(target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+    def test_get_with_source_and_destination_as_list(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        local_fs,
+        local_join,
+        local_target,
+        fs_10_files_with_hashed_names,
+    ):
+        # Create the test dir
+        source = fs_10_files_with_hashed_names
+        target = local_target
+
+        # Create list of files for source and destination
+        source_files = []
+        destination_files = []
+        for i in range(10):
+            hashed_i = md5(str(i).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+            source_files.append(fs_join(source, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+            destination_files.append(
+                make_path_posix(local_join(target, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+            )
+
+        # Copy and assert order was kept
+        fs.get(rpath=source_files, lpath=destination_files)
+
+        for i in range(10):
+            file_content = local_fs.cat(destination_files[i]).decode("utf-8")
+            assert file_content == str(i)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/mv.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/mv.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39f6caa3de815e024fa84de2acecc986c823ed29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/mv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import os
+
+import pytest
+
+import fsspec
+
+
+def test_move_raises_error_with_tmpdir(tmpdir):
+    # Create a file in the temporary directory
+    source = tmpdir.join("source_file.txt")
+    source.write("content")
+
+    # Define a destination that simulates a protected or invalid path
+    destination = tmpdir.join("non_existent_directory/destination_file.txt")
+
+    # Instantiate the filesystem (assuming the local file system interface)
+    fs = fsspec.filesystem("file")
+
+    # Use the actual file paths as string
+    with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+        fs.mv(str(source), str(destination))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("recursive", (True, False))
+def test_move_raises_error_with_tmpdir_permission(recursive, tmpdir):
+    # Create a file in the temporary directory
+    source = tmpdir.join("source_file.txt")
+    source.write("content")
+
+    # Create a protected directory (non-writable)
+    protected_dir = tmpdir.mkdir("protected_directory")
+    protected_path = str(protected_dir)
+
+    # Set the directory to read-only
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        os.system(f'icacls "{protected_path}" /deny Everyone:(W)')
+    else:
+        os.chmod(protected_path, 0o555)  # Sets the directory to read-only
+
+    # Define a destination inside the protected directory
+    destination = protected_dir.join("destination_file.txt")
+
+    # Instantiate the filesystem (assuming the local file system interface)
+    fs = fsspec.filesystem("file")
+
+    # Try to move the file to the read-only directory, expecting a permission error
+    with pytest.raises(PermissionError):
+        fs.mv(str(source), str(destination), recursive=recursive)
+
+    # Assert the file was not created in the destination
+    assert not os.path.exists(destination)
+
+    # Cleanup: Restore permissions so the directory can be cleaned up
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        os.system(f'icacls "{protected_path}" /remove:d Everyone')
+    else:
+        os.chmod(protected_path, 0o755)  # Restore write permission for cleanup
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/open.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/open.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb75ea852276fb8d834345883813b8e27a0ae24c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/open.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import pytest
+
+
+class AbstractOpenTests:
+    def test_open_exclusive(self, fs, fs_target):
+        with fs.open(fs_target, "wb") as f:
+            f.write(b"data")
+        with fs.open(fs_target, "rb") as f:
+            assert f.read() == b"data"
+        with pytest.raises(FileExistsError):
+            fs.open(fs_target, "xb")
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/pipe.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/pipe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ecca96e9d23ff268a253c48269d5cca451ea270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/pipe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import pytest
+
+
+class AbstractPipeTests:
+    def test_pipe_exclusive(self, fs, fs_target):
+        fs.pipe_file(fs_target, b"data")
+        assert fs.cat_file(fs_target) == b"data"
+        with pytest.raises(FileExistsError):
+            fs.pipe_file(fs_target, b"data", mode="create")
+        fs.pipe_file(fs_target, b"new data", mode="overwrite")
+        assert fs.cat_file(fs_target) == b"new data"
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/put.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/put.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fc349977f0384d9fc86126498be5c6ad99a21d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/tests/abstract/put.py
@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+from hashlib import md5
+from itertools import product
+
+import pytest
+
+from fsspec.tests.abstract.common import GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS
+
+
+class AbstractPutTests:
+    def test_put_file_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_join,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1a
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            fs.touch(fs_join(target, "dummy"))
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        target_file2 = fs_join(target, "file2")
+        target_subfile1 = fs_join(target, "subfile1")
+
+        # Copy from source directory
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "file2"), target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        # Copy from sub directory
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Remove copied files
+        fs.rm([target_file2, target_subfile1])
+        assert not fs.exists(target_file2)
+        assert not fs.exists(target_subfile1)
+
+        # Repeat with trailing slash on target
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "file2"), target + "/")
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+        assert fs.isfile(target_file2)
+
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), target + "/")
+        assert fs.isfile(target_subfile1)
+
+    def test_put_file_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_target, local_join, local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1b
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.put(
+            local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), fs_join(target, "newdir/")
+        )  # Note trailing slash
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_put_file_to_file_in_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_join,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1c
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            fs.touch(fs_join(target, "dummy"))
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"), fs_join(target, "newfile"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newfile"))
+
+    def test_put_file_to_file_in_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_target, local_join, local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1d
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        fs.put(
+            local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+            fs_join(target, "newdir", "newfile"),
+        )
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "newfile"))
+
+    def test_put_directory_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1e
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.put(s, t)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.put(s, t, recursive=True)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        fs_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.put(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            if source_slash:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir", "nesteddir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "subdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+    def test_put_directory_to_new_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1f
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for source_slash, target_slash in zip([False, True], [False, True]):
+            s = fs_join(source, "subdir")
+            if source_slash:
+                s += "/"
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive does nothing
+            fs.put(s, t)
+            if supports_empty_directories:
+                assert fs.ls(target) == []
+            else:
+                with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+                    fs.ls(target)
+
+            # With recursive
+            fs.put(s, t, recursive=True)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+            # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+            fs.put(s, t, recursive=True, maxdepth=1)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    def test_put_glob_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_join,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(
+                [
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                        fs_join(target, "nesteddir"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                    [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+                )
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.put(
+                    local_join(source, "subdir", glob),
+                    t,
+                    recursive=recursive,
+                    maxdepth=1,
+                )
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(
+                    [
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                        fs_join(target, "subfile2"),
+                    ],
+                    recursive=True,
+                )
+                assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                    [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+                )
+
+    def test_put_glob_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_target, local_join, local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1h
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir")
+            if target_slash:
+                t += "/"
+
+            # Without recursive
+            fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", "*"), t)
+            assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+            fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+            # With recursive
+            for glob, recursive in zip(["*", "**"], [True, False]):
+                fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir", glob), t, recursive=recursive)
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir", "nestedfile"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+                # Limit recursive by maxdepth
+                fs.put(
+                    local_join(source, "subdir", glob),
+                    t,
+                    recursive=recursive,
+                    maxdepth=1,
+                )
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile2"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "nesteddir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "subdir"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subdir"))
+
+                fs.rm(fs_join(target, "newdir"), recursive=True)
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argnames"],
+        GLOB_EDGE_CASES_TESTS["argvalues"],
+    )
+    def test_put_glob_edge_cases(
+        self,
+        path,
+        recursive,
+        maxdepth,
+        expected,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_glob_edge_cases_files,
+        local_join,
+        fs_sanitize_path,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 1g
+        source = local_glob_edge_cases_files
+
+        target = fs_target
+
+        for new_dir, target_slash in product([True, False], [True, False]):
+            fs.mkdir(target)
+
+            t = fs_join(target, "newdir") if new_dir else target
+            t = t + "/" if target_slash else t
+
+            fs.put(local_join(source, path), t, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+
+            output = fs.find(target)
+            if new_dir:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    fs_sanitize_path(fs_join(target, "newdir", p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            else:
+                prefixed_expected = [
+                    fs_sanitize_path(fs_join(target, p)) for p in expected
+                ]
+            assert sorted(output) == sorted(prefixed_expected)
+
+            try:
+                fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+    def test_put_list_of_files_to_existing_directory(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_join,
+        local_bulk_operations_scenario_0,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2a
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+        if not supports_empty_directories:
+            # Force target directory to exist by adding a dummy file
+            dummy = fs_join(target, "dummy")
+            fs.touch(dummy)
+        assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            local_join(source, "file1"),
+            local_join(source, "file2"),
+            local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        for target_slash in [False, True]:
+            t = target + "/" if target_slash else target
+
+            fs.put(source_files, t)
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file1"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file2"))
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "subfile1"))
+
+            fs.rm(
+                [
+                    fs_join(target, "file1"),
+                    fs_join(target, "file2"),
+                    fs_join(target, "subfile1"),
+                ],
+                recursive=True,
+            )
+            assert fs.ls(target, detail=False) == (
+                [] if supports_empty_directories else [dummy]
+            )
+
+    def test_put_list_of_files_to_new_directory(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_target, local_join, local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+    ):
+        # Copy scenario 2b
+        source = local_bulk_operations_scenario_0
+
+        target = fs_target
+        fs.mkdir(target)
+
+        source_files = [
+            local_join(source, "file1"),
+            local_join(source, "file2"),
+            local_join(source, "subdir", "subfile1"),
+        ]
+
+        fs.put(source_files, fs_join(target, "newdir") + "/")  # Note trailing slash
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "newdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "file1"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "file2"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "newdir", "subfile1"))
+
+    def test_put_directory_recursive(
+        self, fs, fs_join, fs_target, local_fs, local_join, local_path
+    ):
+        # https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/issues/1062
+        # Recursive cp/get/put of source directory into non-existent target directory.
+        src = local_join(local_path, "src")
+        src_file = local_join(src, "file")
+        local_fs.mkdir(src)
+        local_fs.touch(src_file)
+
+        target = fs_target
+
+        # put without slash
+        assert not fs.exists(target)
+        for loop in range(2):
+            fs.put(src, target, recursive=True)
+            assert fs.isdir(target)
+
+            if loop == 0:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file"))
+                assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "src"))
+            else:
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file"))
+                assert fs.isdir(fs_join(target, "src"))
+                assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "src", "file"))
+
+        fs.rm(target, recursive=True)
+
+        # put with slash
+        assert not fs.exists(target)
+        for loop in range(2):
+            fs.put(src + "/", target, recursive=True)
+            assert fs.isdir(target)
+            assert fs.isfile(fs_join(target, "file"))
+            assert not fs.exists(fs_join(target, "src"))
+
+    def test_put_directory_without_files_with_same_name_prefix(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        fs_join,
+        fs_target,
+        local_join,
+        local_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix,
+        supports_empty_directories,
+    ):
+        # Create the test dirs
+        source = local_dir_and_file_with_same_name_prefix
+        target = fs_target
+
+        # Test without glob
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir"), fs_target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(fs_target, "subfile.txt"))
+        assert not fs.isfile(fs_join(fs_target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+        fs.rm([fs_join(target, "subfile.txt")])
+        if supports_empty_directories:
+            assert fs.ls(target) == []
+        else:
+            assert not fs.exists(target)
+
+        # Test with glob
+        fs.put(local_join(source, "subdir*"), fs_target, recursive=True)
+
+        assert fs.isdir(fs_join(fs_target, "subdir"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(fs_target, "subdir", "subfile.txt"))
+        assert fs.isfile(fs_join(fs_target, "subdir.txt"))
+
+    def test_copy_with_source_and_destination_as_list(
+        self, fs, fs_target, fs_join, local_join, local_10_files_with_hashed_names
+    ):
+        # Create the test dir
+        source = local_10_files_with_hashed_names
+        target = fs_target
+
+        # Create list of files for source and destination
+        source_files = []
+        destination_files = []
+        for i in range(10):
+            hashed_i = md5(str(i).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+            source_files.append(local_join(source, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+            destination_files.append(fs_join(target, f"{hashed_i}.txt"))
+
+        # Copy and assert order was kept
+        fs.put(lpath=source_files, rpath=destination_files)
+
+        for i in range(10):
+            file_content = fs.cat(destination_files[i]).decode("utf-8")
+            assert file_content == str(i)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/transaction.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/transaction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77293f63ecc5f611e19d849ef236d53e9c258efc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/transaction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+from collections import deque
+
+
+class Transaction:
+    """Filesystem transaction write context
+
+    Gathers files for deferred commit or discard, so that several write
+    operations can be finalized semi-atomically. This works by having this
+    instance as the ``.transaction`` attribute of the given filesystem
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, fs, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fs: FileSystem instance
+        """
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.files = deque()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        """End transaction and commit, if exit is not due to exception"""
+        # only commit if there was no exception
+        self.complete(commit=exc_type is None)
+        if self.fs:
+            self.fs._intrans = False
+            self.fs._transaction = None
+            self.fs = None
+
+    def start(self):
+        """Start a transaction on this FileSystem"""
+        self.files = deque()  # clean up after previous failed completions
+        self.fs._intrans = True
+
+    def complete(self, commit=True):
+        """Finish transaction: commit or discard all deferred files"""
+        while self.files:
+            f = self.files.popleft()
+            if commit:
+                f.commit()
+            else:
+                f.discard()
+        self.fs._intrans = False
+        self.fs._transaction = None
+        self.fs = None
+
+
+class FileActor:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.files = []
+
+    def commit(self):
+        for f in self.files:
+            f.commit()
+        self.files.clear()
+
+    def discard(self):
+        for f in self.files:
+            f.discard()
+        self.files.clear()
+
+    def append(self, f):
+        self.files.append(f)
+
+
+class DaskTransaction(Transaction):
+    def __init__(self, fs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fs: FileSystem instance
+        """
+        import distributed
+
+        super().__init__(fs)
+        client = distributed.default_client()
+        self.files = client.submit(FileActor, actor=True).result()
+
+    def complete(self, commit=True):
+        """Finish transaction: commit or discard all deferred files"""
+        if commit:
+            self.files.commit().result()
+        else:
+            self.files.discard().result()
+        self.fs._intrans = False
+        self.fs = None
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/utils.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b06dd581417eca1e90a19ef25fb14dcd3cf9c9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/fsspec/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import logging
+import math
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, Sequence
+from functools import partial
+from hashlib import md5
+from importlib.metadata import version
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pathlib
+    from typing import TypeGuard
+
+    from fsspec.spec import AbstractFileSystem
+
+
+DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE = 5 * 2**20
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def infer_storage_options(
+    urlpath: str, inherit_storage_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Infer storage options from URL path and merge it with existing storage
+    options.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    urlpath: str or unicode
+        Either local absolute file path or URL (hdfs://namenode:8020/file.csv)
+    inherit_storage_options: dict (optional)
+        Its contents will get merged with the inferred information from the
+        given path
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Storage options dict.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> infer_storage_options('/mnt/datasets/test.csv')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    {"protocol": "file", "path", "/mnt/datasets/test.csv"}
+    >>> infer_storage_options(
+    ...     'hdfs://username:pwd@node:123/mnt/datasets/test.csv?q=1',
+    ...     inherit_storage_options={'extra': 'value'},
+    ... )  # doctest: +SKIP
+    {"protocol": "hdfs", "username": "username", "password": "pwd",
+    "host": "node", "port": 123, "path": "/mnt/datasets/test.csv",
+    "url_query": "q=1", "extra": "value"}
+    """
+    # Handle Windows paths including disk name in this special case
+    if (
+        re.match(r"^[a-zA-Z]:[\\/]", urlpath)
+        or re.match(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9]+://", urlpath) is None
+    ):
+        return {"protocol": "file", "path": urlpath}
+
+    parsed_path = urlsplit(urlpath)
+    protocol = parsed_path.scheme or "file"
+    if parsed_path.fragment:
+        path = "#".join([parsed_path.path, parsed_path.fragment])
+    else:
+        path = parsed_path.path
+    if protocol == "file":
+        # Special case parsing file protocol URL on Windows according to:
+        # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj710207.aspx
+        windows_path = re.match(r"^/([a-zA-Z])[:|]([\\/].*)$", path)
+        if windows_path:
+            drive, path = windows_path.groups()
+            path = f"{drive}:{path}"
+
+    if protocol in ["http", "https"]:
+        # for HTTP, we don't want to parse, as requests will anyway
+        return {"protocol": protocol, "path": urlpath}
+
+    options: dict[str, Any] = {"protocol": protocol, "path": path}
+
+    if parsed_path.netloc:
+        # Parse `hostname` from netloc manually because `parsed_path.hostname`
+        # lowercases the hostname which is not always desirable (e.g. in S3):
+        # https://github.com/dask/dask/issues/1417
+        options["host"] = parsed_path.netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[-1].rsplit(":", 1)[0]
+
+        if protocol in ("s3", "s3a", "gcs", "gs"):
+            options["path"] = options["host"] + options["path"]
+        else:
+            options["host"] = options["host"]
+        if parsed_path.port:
+            options["port"] = parsed_path.port
+        if parsed_path.username:
+            options["username"] = parsed_path.username
+        if parsed_path.password:
+            options["password"] = parsed_path.password
+
+    if parsed_path.query:
+        options["url_query"] = parsed_path.query
+    if parsed_path.fragment:
+        options["url_fragment"] = parsed_path.fragment
+
+    if inherit_storage_options:
+        update_storage_options(options, inherit_storage_options)
+
+    return options
+
+
+def update_storage_options(
+    options: dict[str, Any], inherited: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+) -> None:
+    if not inherited:
+        inherited = {}
+    collisions = set(options) & set(inherited)
+    if collisions:
+        for collision in collisions:
+            if options.get(collision) != inherited.get(collision):
+                raise KeyError(
+                    f"Collision between inferred and specified storage "
+                    f"option:\n{collision}"
+                )
+    options.update(inherited)
+
+
+# Compression extensions registered via fsspec.compression.register_compression
+compressions: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+
+def infer_compression(filename: str) -> str | None:
+    """Infer compression, if available, from filename.
+
+    Infer a named compression type, if registered and available, from filename
+    extension. This includes builtin (gz, bz2, zip) compressions, as well as
+    optional compressions. See fsspec.compression.register_compression.
+    """
+    extension = os.path.splitext(filename)[-1].strip(".").lower()
+    if extension in compressions:
+        return compressions[extension]
+    return None
+
+
+def build_name_function(max_int: float) -> Callable[[int], str]:
+    """Returns a function that receives a single integer
+    and returns it as a string padded by enough zero characters
+    to align with maximum possible integer
+
+    >>> name_f = build_name_function(57)
+
+    >>> name_f(7)
+    '07'
+    >>> name_f(31)
+    '31'
+    >>> build_name_function(1000)(42)
+    '0042'
+    >>> build_name_function(999)(42)
+    '042'
+    >>> build_name_function(0)(0)
+    '0'
+    """
+    # handle corner cases max_int is 0 or exact power of 10
+    max_int += 1e-8
+
+    pad_length = int(math.ceil(math.log10(max_int)))
+
+    def name_function(i: int) -> str:
+        return str(i).zfill(pad_length)
+
+    return name_function
+
+
+def seek_delimiter(file: IO[bytes], delimiter: bytes, blocksize: int) -> bool:
+    r"""Seek current file to file start, file end, or byte after delimiter seq.
+
+    Seeks file to next chunk delimiter, where chunks are defined on file start,
+    a delimiting sequence, and file end. Use file.tell() to see location afterwards.
+    Note that file start is a valid split, so must be at offset > 0 to seek for
+    delimiter.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    file: a file
+    delimiter: bytes
+        a delimiter like ``b'\n'`` or message sentinel, matching file .read() type
+    blocksize: int
+        Number of bytes to read from the file at once.
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Returns True if a delimiter was found, False if at file start or end.
+
+    """
+
+    if file.tell() == 0:
+        # beginning-of-file, return without seek
+        return False
+
+    # Interface is for binary IO, with delimiter as bytes, but initialize last
+    # with result of file.read to preserve compatibility with text IO.
+    last: bytes | None = None
+    while True:
+        current = file.read(blocksize)
+        if not current:
+            # end-of-file without delimiter
+            return False
+        full = last + current if last else current
+        try:
+            if delimiter in full:
+                i = full.index(delimiter)
+                file.seek(file.tell() - (len(full) - i) + len(delimiter))
+                return True
+            elif len(current) < blocksize:
+                # end-of-file without delimiter
+                return False
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            pass
+        last = full[-len(delimiter) :]
+
+
+def read_block(
+    f: IO[bytes],
+    offset: int,
+    length: int | None,
+    delimiter: bytes | None = None,
+    split_before: bool = False,
+) -> bytes:
+    """Read a block of bytes from a file
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    f: File
+        Open file
+    offset: int
+        Byte offset to start read
+    length: int
+        Number of bytes to read, read through end of file if None
+    delimiter: bytes (optional)
+        Ensure reading starts and stops at delimiter bytestring
+    split_before: bool (optional)
+        Start/stop read *before* delimiter bytestring.
+
+
+    If using the ``delimiter=`` keyword argument we ensure that the read
+    starts and stops at delimiter boundaries that follow the locations
+    ``offset`` and ``offset + length``.  If ``offset`` is zero then we
+    start at zero, regardless of delimiter.  The bytestring returned WILL
+    include the terminating delimiter string.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    >>> from io import BytesIO  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> f = BytesIO(b'Alice, 100\\nBob, 200\\nCharlie, 300')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> read_block(f, 0, 13)  # doctest: +SKIP
+    b'Alice, 100\\nBo'
+
+    >>> read_block(f, 0, 13, delimiter=b'\\n')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    b'Alice, 100\\nBob, 200\\n'
+
+    >>> read_block(f, 10, 10, delimiter=b'\\n')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    b'Bob, 200\\nCharlie, 300'
+    """
+    if delimiter:
+        f.seek(offset)
+        found_start_delim = seek_delimiter(f, delimiter, 2**16)
+        if length is None:
+            return f.read()
+        start = f.tell()
+        length -= start - offset
+
+        f.seek(start + length)
+        found_end_delim = seek_delimiter(f, delimiter, 2**16)
+        end = f.tell()
+
+        # Adjust split location to before delimiter if seek found the
+        # delimiter sequence, not start or end of file.
+        if found_start_delim and split_before:
+            start -= len(delimiter)
+
+        if found_end_delim and split_before:
+            end -= len(delimiter)
+
+        offset = start
+        length = end - start
+
+    f.seek(offset)
+
+    # TODO: allow length to be None and read to the end of the file?
+    assert length is not None
+    b = f.read(length)
+    return b
+
+
+def tokenize(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
+    """Deterministic token
+
+    (modified from dask.base)
+
+    >>> tokenize([1, 2, '3'])
+    '9d71491b50023b06fc76928e6eddb952'
+
+    >>> tokenize('Hello') == tokenize('Hello')
+    True
+    """
+    if kwargs:
+        args += (kwargs,)
+    try:
+        h = md5(str(args).encode())
+    except ValueError:
+        # FIPS systems: https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/issues/380
+        h = md5(str(args).encode(), usedforsecurity=False)
+    return h.hexdigest()
+
+
+def stringify_path(filepath: str | os.PathLike[str] | pathlib.Path) -> str:
+    """Attempt to convert a path-like object to a string.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    filepath: object to be converted
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    filepath_str: maybe a string version of the object
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Objects supporting the fspath protocol are coerced according to its
+    __fspath__ method.
+
+    For backwards compatibility with older Python version, pathlib.Path
+    objects are specially coerced.
+
+    Any other object is passed through unchanged, which includes bytes,
+    strings, buffers, or anything else that's not even path-like.
+    """
+    if isinstance(filepath, str):
+        return filepath
+    elif hasattr(filepath, "__fspath__"):
+        return filepath.__fspath__()
+    elif hasattr(filepath, "path"):
+        return filepath.path
+    else:
+        return filepath  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+def make_instance(
+    cls: Callable[..., T], args: Sequence[Any], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+) -> T:
+    inst = cls(*args, **kwargs)
+    inst._determine_worker()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    return inst
+
+
+def common_prefix(paths: Iterable[str]) -> str:
+    """For a list of paths, find the shortest prefix common to all"""
+    parts = [p.split("/") for p in paths]
+    lmax = min(len(p) for p in parts)
+    end = 0
+    for i in range(lmax):
+        end = all(p[i] == parts[0][i] for p in parts)
+        if not end:
+            break
+    i += end
+    return "/".join(parts[0][:i])
+
+
+def other_paths(
+    paths: list[str],
+    path2: str | list[str],
+    exists: bool = False,
+    flatten: bool = False,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """In bulk file operations, construct a new file tree from a list of files
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    paths: list of str
+        The input file tree
+    path2: str or list of str
+        Root to construct the new list in. If this is already a list of str, we just
+        assert it has the right number of elements.
+    exists: bool (optional)
+        For a str destination, it is already exists (and is a dir), files should
+        end up inside.
+    flatten: bool (optional)
+        Whether to flatten the input directory tree structure so that the output files
+        are in the same directory.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    list of str
+    """
+
+    if isinstance(path2, str):
+        path2 = path2.rstrip("/")
+
+        if flatten:
+            path2 = ["/".join((path2, p.split("/")[-1])) for p in paths]
+        else:
+            cp = common_prefix(paths)
+            if exists:
+                cp = cp.rsplit("/", 1)[0]
+            if not cp and all(not s.startswith("/") for s in paths):
+                path2 = ["/".join([path2, p]) for p in paths]
+            else:
+                path2 = [p.replace(cp, path2, 1) for p in paths]
+    else:
+        assert len(paths) == len(path2)
+    return path2
+
+
+def is_exception(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(obj, BaseException)
+
+
+def isfilelike(f: Any) -> TypeGuard[IO[bytes]]:
+    return all(hasattr(f, attr) for attr in ["read", "close", "tell"])
+
+
+def get_protocol(url: str) -> str:
+    url = stringify_path(url)
+    parts = re.split(r"(\:\:|\://)", url, maxsplit=1)
+    if len(parts) > 1:
+        return parts[0]
+    return "file"
+
+
+def get_file_extension(url: str) -> str:
+    url = stringify_path(url)
+    ext_parts = url.rsplit(".", 1)
+    if len(ext_parts) > 1:
+        return ext_parts[-1]
+    return ""
+
+
+def can_be_local(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Can the given URL be used with open_local?"""
+    from fsspec import get_filesystem_class
+
+    try:
+        return getattr(get_filesystem_class(get_protocol(path)), "local_file", False)
+    except (ValueError, ImportError):
+        # not in registry or import failed
+        return False
+
+
+def get_package_version_without_import(name: str) -> str | None:
+    """For given package name, try to find the version without importing it
+
+    Import and package.__version__ is still the backup here, so an import
+    *might* happen.
+
+    Returns either the version string, or None if the package
+    or the version was not readily  found.
+    """
+    if name in sys.modules:
+        mod = sys.modules[name]
+        if hasattr(mod, "__version__"):
+            return mod.__version__
+    try:
+        return version(name)
+    except:  # noqa: E722
+        pass
+    try:
+        import importlib
+
+        mod = importlib.import_module(name)
+        return mod.__version__
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+        return None
+
+
+def setup_logging(
+    logger: logging.Logger | None = None,
+    logger_name: str | None = None,
+    level: str = "DEBUG",
+    clear: bool = True,
+) -> logging.Logger:
+    if logger is None and logger_name is None:
+        raise ValueError("Provide either logger object or logger name")
+    logger = logger or logging.getLogger(logger_name)
+    handle = logging.StreamHandler()
+    formatter = logging.Formatter(
+        "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(funcName)s -- %(message)s"
+    )
+    handle.setFormatter(formatter)
+    if clear:
+        logger.handlers.clear()
+    logger.addHandler(handle)
+    logger.setLevel(level)
+    return logger
+
+
+def _unstrip_protocol(name: str, fs: AbstractFileSystem) -> str:
+    return fs.unstrip_protocol(name)
+
+
+def mirror_from(
+    origin_name: str, methods: Iterable[str]
+) -> Callable[[type[T]], type[T]]:
+    """Mirror attributes and methods from the given
+    origin_name attribute of the instance to the
+    decorated class"""
+
+    def origin_getter(method: str, self: Any) -> Any:
+        origin = getattr(self, origin_name)
+        return getattr(origin, method)
+
+    def wrapper(cls: type[T]) -> type[T]:
+        for method in methods:
+            wrapped_method = partial(origin_getter, method)
+            setattr(cls, method, property(wrapped_method))
+        return cls
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def nullcontext(obj: T) -> Iterator[T]:
+    yield obj
+
+
+def merge_offset_ranges(
+    paths: list[str],
+    starts: list[int] | int,
+    ends: list[int] | int,
+    max_gap: int = 0,
+    max_block: int | None = None,
+    sort: bool = True,
+) -> tuple[list[str], list[int], list[int]]:
+    """Merge adjacent byte-offset ranges when the inter-range
+    gap is <= `max_gap`, and when the merged byte range does not
+    exceed `max_block` (if specified). By default, this function
+    will re-order the input paths and byte ranges to ensure sorted
+    order. If the user can guarantee that the inputs are already
+    sorted, passing `sort=False` will skip the re-ordering.
+    """
+    # Check input
+    if not isinstance(paths, list):
+        raise TypeError
+    if not isinstance(starts, list):
+        starts = [starts] * len(paths)
+    if not isinstance(ends, list):
+        ends = [ends] * len(paths)
+    if len(starts) != len(paths) or len(ends) != len(paths):
+        raise ValueError
+
+    # Early Return
+    if len(starts) <= 1:
+        return paths, starts, ends
+
+    starts = [s or 0 for s in starts]
+    # Sort by paths and then ranges if `sort=True`
+    if sort:
+        paths, starts, ends = (
+            list(v)
+            for v in zip(
+                *sorted(
+                    zip(paths, starts, ends),
+                )
+            )
+        )
+    remove = []
+    for i, (path, start, end) in enumerate(zip(paths, starts, ends)):
+        if any(
+            e is not None and p == path and start >= s and end <= e and i != i2
+            for i2, (p, s, e) in enumerate(zip(paths, starts, ends))
+        ):
+            remove.append(i)
+    paths = [p for i, p in enumerate(paths) if i not in remove]
+    starts = [s for i, s in enumerate(starts) if i not in remove]
+    ends = [e for i, e in enumerate(ends) if i not in remove]
+
+    if paths:
+        # Loop through the coupled `paths`, `starts`, and
+        # `ends`, and merge adjacent blocks when appropriate
+        new_paths = paths[:1]
+        new_starts = starts[:1]
+        new_ends = ends[:1]
+        for i in range(1, len(paths)):
+            if paths[i] == paths[i - 1] and new_ends[-1] is None:
+                continue
+            elif (
+                paths[i] != paths[i - 1]
+                or ((starts[i] - new_ends[-1]) > max_gap)
+                or (max_block is not None and (ends[i] - new_starts[-1]) > max_block)
+            ):
+                # Cannot merge with previous block.
+                # Add new `paths`, `starts`, and `ends` elements
+                new_paths.append(paths[i])
+                new_starts.append(starts[i])
+                new_ends.append(ends[i])
+            else:
+                # Merge with the previous block by updating the
+                # last element of `ends`
+                new_ends[-1] = ends[i]
+        return new_paths, new_starts, new_ends
+
+    # `paths` is empty. Just return input lists
+    return paths, starts, ends
+
+
+def file_size(filelike: IO[bytes]) -> int:
+    """Find length of any open read-mode file-like"""
+    pos = filelike.tell()
+    try:
+        return filelike.seek(0, 2)
+    finally:
+        filelike.seek(pos)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def atomic_write(path: str, mode: str = "wb"):
+    """
+    A context manager that opens a temporary file next to `path` and, on exit,
+    replaces `path` with the temporary file, thereby updating `path`
+    atomically.
+    """
+    fd, fn = tempfile.mkstemp(
+        dir=os.path.dirname(path), prefix=os.path.basename(path) + "-"
+    )
+    try:
+        with open(fd, mode) as fp:
+            yield fp
+    except BaseException:
+        with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+            os.unlink(fn)
+        raise
+    else:
+        os.replace(fn, path)
+
+
+def _translate(pat, STAR, QUESTION_MARK):
+    # Copied from: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/106703.
+    res: list[str] = []
+    add = res.append
+    i, n = 0, len(pat)
+    while i < n:
+        c = pat[i]
+        i = i + 1
+        if c == "*":
+            # compress consecutive `*` into one
+            if (not res) or res[-1] is not STAR:
+                add(STAR)
+        elif c == "?":
+            add(QUESTION_MARK)
+        elif c == "[":
+            j = i
+            if j < n and pat[j] == "!":
+                j = j + 1
+            if j < n and pat[j] == "]":
+                j = j + 1
+            while j < n and pat[j] != "]":
+                j = j + 1
+            if j >= n:
+                add("\\[")
+            else:
+                stuff = pat[i:j]
+                if "-" not in stuff:
+                    stuff = stuff.replace("\\", r"\\")
+                else:
+                    chunks = []
+                    k = i + 2 if pat[i] == "!" else i + 1
+                    while True:
+                        k = pat.find("-", k, j)
+                        if k < 0:
+                            break
+                        chunks.append(pat[i:k])
+                        i = k + 1
+                        k = k + 3
+                    chunk = pat[i:j]
+                    if chunk:
+                        chunks.append(chunk)
+                    else:
+                        chunks[-1] += "-"
+                    # Remove empty ranges -- invalid in RE.
+                    for k in range(len(chunks) - 1, 0, -1):
+                        if chunks[k - 1][-1] > chunks[k][0]:
+                            chunks[k - 1] = chunks[k - 1][:-1] + chunks[k][1:]
+                            del chunks[k]
+                    # Escape backslashes and hyphens for set difference (--).
+                    # Hyphens that create ranges shouldn't be escaped.
+                    stuff = "-".join(
+                        s.replace("\\", r"\\").replace("-", r"\-") for s in chunks
+                    )
+                # Escape set operations (&&, ~~ and ||).
+                stuff = re.sub(r"([&~|])", r"\\\1", stuff)
+                i = j + 1
+                if not stuff:
+                    # Empty range: never match.
+                    add("(?!)")
+                elif stuff == "!":
+                    # Negated empty range: match any character.
+                    add(".")
+                else:
+                    if stuff[0] == "!":
+                        stuff = "^" + stuff[1:]
+                    elif stuff[0] in ("^", "["):
+                        stuff = "\\" + stuff
+                    add(f"[{stuff}]")
+        else:
+            add(re.escape(c))
+    assert i == n
+    return res
+
+
+def glob_translate(pat):
+    # Copied from: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/106703.
+    # The keyword parameters' values are fixed to:
+    # recursive=True, include_hidden=True, seps=None
+    """Translate a pathname with shell wildcards to a regular expression."""
+    if os.path.altsep:
+        seps = os.path.sep + os.path.altsep
+    else:
+        seps = os.path.sep
+    escaped_seps = "".join(map(re.escape, seps))
+    any_sep = f"[{escaped_seps}]" if len(seps) > 1 else escaped_seps
+    not_sep = f"[^{escaped_seps}]"
+    one_last_segment = f"{not_sep}+"
+    one_segment = f"{one_last_segment}{any_sep}"
+    any_segments = f"(?:.+{any_sep})?"
+    any_last_segments = ".*"
+    results = []
+    parts = re.split(any_sep, pat)
+    last_part_idx = len(parts) - 1
+    for idx, part in enumerate(parts):
+        if part == "*":
+            results.append(one_segment if idx < last_part_idx else one_last_segment)
+            continue
+        if part == "**":
+            results.append(any_segments if idx < last_part_idx else any_last_segments)
+            continue
+        elif "**" in part:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Invalid pattern: '**' can only be an entire path component"
+            )
+        if part:
+            results.extend(_translate(part, f"{not_sep}*", not_sep))
+        if idx < last_part_idx:
+            results.append(any_sep)
+    res = "".join(results)
+    return rf"(?s:{res})\Z"
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_C.cp313-win_amd64.pyd b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_C.cp313-win_amd64.pyd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d58f891b46857d9c73549806aef260fd7f5a1793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_C.cp313-win_amd64.pyd
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:9980e2370fde18817f1691a4242f24c93c961caa15e8872078a0f37a5fbf8efc
+size 201728
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d2790da74333710de2bb6e2b99528fe1b85e2e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+import torch
+from torch._functorch.deprecated import (
+    combine_state_for_ensemble,
+    functionalize,
+    grad,
+    grad_and_value,
+    hessian,
+    jacfwd,
+    jacrev,
+    jvp,
+    make_functional,
+    make_functional_with_buffers,
+    vjp,
+    vmap,
+)
+
+# utilities. Maybe these should go in their own namespace in the future?
+from torch._functorch.make_functional import (
+    FunctionalModule,
+    FunctionalModuleWithBuffers,
+)
+
+# Was never documented
+from torch._functorch.python_key import make_fx
+
+
+# Top-level APIs. Please think carefully before adding something to the
+# top-level namespace:
+# - private helper functions should go into torch._functorch
+# - very experimental things should go into functorch.experimental
+# - compilation related things should go into functorch.compile
+
+
+__version__ = torch.__version__
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/aot_autograd/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/aot_autograd/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bef6245f7a0f900c71b5350dcec65c19c260cd78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/aot_autograd/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# This file has moved to under torch/_functorch. It is not public API.
+# If you are not a PyTorch developer and you are relying on the following
+# imports, please file an issue.
+from torch._functorch.aot_autograd import (
+    aot_autograd_decompositions,
+    KNOWN_TYPES,
+    PytreeThunk,
+)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/eager_transforms/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/eager_transforms/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37df7424c4056760388c6b0d17288e4571fde359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/eager_transforms/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This file has moved to under torch/_functorch. It is not public API.
+# If you are not a PyTorch developer and you are relying on the following
+# imports, please file an issue.
+from torch._functorch.eager_transforms import (
+    _assert_wrapped_functional,
+    _unwrap_functional_tensor,
+)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/make_functional/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/make_functional/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c96ce28510b5172edbc3941b232c2221e75397de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/make_functional/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# This file has moved to under torch/_functorch. It is not public API.
+# If you are not a PyTorch developer and you are relying on the following
+# imports, please file an issue.
+from torch._functorch.make_functional import _swap_state
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/vmap/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/vmap/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec274ba24ad6b3f28798c42bfe92c8b14670a51e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/_src/vmap/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# This file has moved to under torch/_functorch. It is not public API.
+# If you are not a PyTorch developer and you are relying on the following
+# imports, please file an issue.
+from torch._functorch.vmap import (
+    _add_batch_dim,
+    _broadcast_to_and_flatten,
+    _create_batched_inputs,
+    _get_name,
+    _process_batched_inputs,
+    _remove_batch_dim,
+    _unwrap_batched,
+    _validate_and_get_batch_size,
+    Tensor,
+    tree_flatten,
+    tree_unflatten,
+)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/compile/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/compile/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cff66e3aeef73f96273b6c4c77c74e3f1153f4b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/compile/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from torch._functorch import config
+from torch._functorch.aot_autograd import (
+    aot_function,
+    aot_module,
+    aot_module_simplified,
+    compiled_function,
+    compiled_module,
+    get_aot_compilation_context,
+    get_aot_graph_name,
+    get_graph_being_compiled,
+    make_boxed_compiler,
+    make_boxed_func,
+)
+from torch._functorch.compilers import (
+    debug_compile,
+    default_decompositions,
+    draw_graph_compile,
+    memory_efficient_fusion,
+    nnc_jit,
+    nop,
+    print_compile,
+    ts_compile,
+)
+from torch._functorch.fx_minifier import minifier
+from torch._functorch.partitioners import (
+    default_partition,
+    draw_graph,
+    min_cut_rematerialization_partition,
+)
+from torch._functorch.python_key import pythonkey_decompose
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b47289b1bd6ae3e1d315706632b944fd7c4dcd16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+import dis
+import inspect
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import functorch._C
+import torch
+from functorch._C import dim as _C
+
+from .tree_map import tree_flatten, tree_map
+from .wrap_type import wrap_type
+
+
+_C._patch_tensor_class()
+dims, DimList, dimlists = _C.dims, _C.DimList, _C.dimlists
+
+
+class DimensionMismatchError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class DimensionBindError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+from . import op_properties
+
+
+# use dict to avoid writing C++ bindings for set
+pointwise = dict.fromkeys(op_properties.pointwise, True)
+
+use_c = True
+if not use_c:
+    from . import reference
+
+
+class _Tensor:
+    # fast path around slow wrapping/unwrapping logic for simply queries used
+    # by the implementation...
+
+    @property
+    def dims(self):
+        return tuple(d for d in self._levels if isinstance(d, Dim))
+
+    def dim(self):
+        return self.ndim
+
+    if use_c:
+        __torch_function__ = classmethod(_C.__torch_function__)
+        expand = _C._instancemethod(_C.expand)
+    else:
+        __torch_function__ = reference.__torch_function__
+        expand = reference.expand
+
+    index = _C._instancemethod(_C.index)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        tensor, levels, ndim = self._tensor, self._levels, self.ndim
+        return f"{tensor}\nwith dims={tuple(l + ndim if isinstance(l, int) else l for l in levels)} sizes={tuple(tensor.size())}"
+
+
+TensorLike = (_Tensor, torch.Tensor)
+
+
+class Dim(_C.Dim, _Tensor):
+    # note that _C.Dim comes before tensor because we want the Dim API for things like size to take precendence.
+    # Tensor defines format, but we want to print Dims with special formatting
+    __format__ = object.__format__
+
+
+class Tensor(_Tensor, _C.Tensor):
+    if not use_c:
+        from_batched = staticmethod(_C.Tensor_from_batched)
+    from_positional = staticmethod(_C.Tensor_from_positional)
+    sum = _C._instancemethod(_C.Tensor_sum)
+
+
+def cat(tensors, dim, new_dim):
+    n = dims()
+    return stack(tensors, n, dim).index([n, dim], new_dim)
+
+
+if use_c:
+    _wrap = _C._wrap
+
+    def _def(name, *args, **kwargs):
+        orig = getattr(torch.Tensor, name)
+        setattr(_Tensor, name, _C._instancemethod(_wrap(orig, *args, **kwargs)))
+
+    t__getitem__ = _C._instancemethod(_C.__getitem__)
+    stack = _C.stack
+    split = _C._instancemethod(_C.split)
+else:
+    _wrap, _def = reference._wrap, reference._def
+    t__getitem__ = reference.t__getitem__
+    stack = reference.stack
+    split = reference.split
+
+# note: there is no python reference
+t__setitem__ = _C._instancemethod(_C.__setitem__)
+# this is patched in the C API because otherwise torch.Tensor will
+# no longer be considered a sequence and things will break
+# torch.Tensor.__getitem__ = t__getitem__
+
+_Tensor.__getitem__ = t__getitem__
+# torch.Tensor.__setitem__ = t__setitem__
+_Tensor.__setitem__ = t__setitem__
+
+torch.Tensor.split = split
+_Tensor.split = split
+torch.Tensor.expand = _C._instancemethod(_C.expand)
+torch.Tensor.index = _C._instancemethod(_C.index)
+wrap_type(use_c, _Tensor, torch.Tensor, _Tensor.__torch_function__)
+del _Tensor.ndim
+
+if use_c:
+    _Tensor.order = _C._instancemethod(_C.order)
+else:
+    _Tensor.order = reference.positional
+
+_def("mean")
+_def("sum")
+_def("all")
+_def("amax")
+_def("amin")
+_def("aminmax")
+_def("any")
+_def("count_nonzero")
+_def("logsumexp")
+_def("nanmean")
+_def("nansum")
+_def("prod")
+_def("std", keepdim_offset=2)
+_def("var", keepdim_offset=2)
+_def("max", single_dim=True)
+_def("min", single_dim=True)
+_def("argmax", single_dim=True)
+_def("argmin", single_dim=True)
+_def("kthvalue", single_dim=True)
+_def("median", single_dim=True)
+_def("nanmedian", single_dim=True)
+_def("mode", single_dim=True)
+_def("sort", reduce=False)
+_def("argsort", reduce=False)
+_def("unbind", single_dim=True)
+_def("chunk", dim_offset=1, reduce=False)
+_def("cummax", single_dim=True, reduce=False)
+_def("cummin", single_dim=True, reduce=False)
+_def("cumprod", single_dim=True, reduce=False)
+_def("cumprod_", single_dim=True, reduce=False)
+_def("cumsum", single_dim=True, reduce=False)
+_def("cumsum_", single_dim=True, reduce=False)
+_def("logcumsumexp", single_dim=True, reduce=False)
+_def("renorm", dim_offset=1, single_dim=True, reduce=False)
+_def("softmax", single_dim=True, reduce=False)
+softmax = _wrap(torch.nn.functional.softmax, single_dim=True, reduce=False)
+
+# stuff to handle in the future, because they require special
+# binding logic for dims
+# cross
+# diag_embed
+# diagonal
+# diagonal_scatter
+# diff
+# nanquantile
+# quantile
+# roll
+# rot90
+# topk (new dimes on output)
+# should these all be subsumed by inplace indexing?
+# index_add_
+# index_add
+# index_copy
+# index_copy_
+# index_fill
+# index_fill_
+# index_select
+# scatter
+# scatter_
+# scatter_add
+# scatter_add_
+# scatter_reduce
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/batch_tensor.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/batch_tensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..234e731e825bd0a55a80a1a55d90ea43b0586080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/batch_tensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from torch._C._functorch import _vmap_add_layers, _vmap_remove_layers
+
+
+_enabled = False
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _enable_layers(dims):
+    global _enabled
+    assert not _enabled
+    input = sorted((d._level, d.size) for d in dims if not isinstance(d, int))
+    n = len(input)
+    try:
+        _vmap_add_layers(input)
+        _enabled = True
+        yield
+    finally:
+        _enabled = False
+        _vmap_remove_layers(n)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/delayed_mul_tensor.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/delayed_mul_tensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2aefbe0bf0010c0e6fd410290163100e0d843c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/delayed_mul_tensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+import torch
+
+from . import _Tensor, Tensor
+from .reference import _dims, _enable_layers, llist, ltuple
+
+
+class DelayedMulTensor(_Tensor):
+    def __init__(self, lhs, rhs):
+        self._lhs, self._rhs = lhs, rhs
+        self._data = None
+        self._levels_data = None
+        self._has_device = lhs._has_device or rhs._has_device
+        self._batchtensor_data = None
+        self._tensor_data = None
+
+    @property
+    def _levels(self):
+        if self._levels_data is None:
+            levels = llist(self._lhs._levels)
+            for l in self._rhs._levels:
+                if l not in levels:
+                    levels.append(l)
+            self._levels_data = ltuple(levels)
+        return self._levels_data
+
+    @property
+    def _batchtensor(self):
+        if self._batchtensor_data is None:
+            with _enable_layers(self._levels):
+                print("bt multiply fallback")
+                self._batchtensor_data = self._lhs._batchtensor * self._rhs._batchtensor
+        return self._batchtensor_data
+
+    @property
+    def _tensor(self):
+        if self._tensor_data is None:
+            self._tensor_data = Tensor.from_batched(
+                self._batchtensor, self._has_device
+            )._tensor
+        return self._tensor_data
+
+    @property
+    def ndim(self):
+        return self._batchtensor.ndim
+
+    @property
+    def dims(self):
+        return ltuple(super().dims)
+
+    def sum(self, dim):
+        dims = _dims(dim, 0, False, False)
+        n = ord("a")
+        all_levels = self._levels
+
+        def to_char(d):
+            return chr(n + all_levels.index(d))
+
+        plhs, levelslhs = self._lhs._tensor, self._lhs._levels
+        prhs, levelsrhs = self._rhs._tensor, self._rhs._levels
+        new_levels = [l for l in self._levels if l not in dims]
+        fmt = "".join(
+            [
+                *(to_char(d) for d in levelslhs),
+                ",",
+                *(to_char(d) for d in levelsrhs),
+                "->",
+                *(to_char(d) for d in new_levels),
+            ]
+        )
+        result_data = torch.einsum(fmt, (plhs, prhs))
+        return Tensor.from_positional(result_data, new_levels, True)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/dim.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/dim.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..809a78f5731ccfabab3b337107188f278188ae80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/dim.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+import dis
+import inspect
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Union
+
+from . import DimList
+
+
+_vmap_levels = []
+
+
+@dataclass
+class LevelInfo:
+    level: int
+    alive: bool = True
+
+
+class Dim:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, size: Union[None, int] = None):
+        self.name = name
+        self._size = None
+        self._vmap_level = None
+        if size is not None:
+            self.size = size
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if self._vmap_level is not None:
+            _vmap_active_levels[self._vmap_stack].alive = False  # noqa: F821
+            while (
+                not _vmap_levels[-1].alive and current_level() == _vmap_levels[-1].level  # noqa: F821
+            ):
+                _vmap_decrement_nesting()  # noqa: F821
+                _vmap_levels.pop()
+
+    @property
+    def size(self):
+        assert self.is_bound
+        return self._size
+
+    @size.setter
+    def size(self, size: int):
+        from . import DimensionBindError
+
+        if self._size is None:
+            self._size = size
+            self._vmap_level = _vmap_increment_nesting(size, "same")  # noqa: F821
+            self._vmap_stack = len(_vmap_levels)
+            _vmap_levels.append(LevelInfo(self._vmap_level))
+
+        elif self._size != size:
+            raise DimensionBindError(
+                f"Dim '{self}' previously bound to a dimension of size {self._size} cannot bind to a dimension of size {size}"
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def is_bound(self):
+        return self._size is not None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.name
+
+
+def extract_name(inst):
+    assert inst.opname == "STORE_FAST" or inst.opname == "STORE_NAME"
+    return inst.argval
+
+
+_cache = {}
+
+
+def dims(lists=0):
+    frame = inspect.currentframe()
+    assert frame is not None
+    calling_frame = frame.f_back
+    assert calling_frame is not None
+    code, lasti = calling_frame.f_code, calling_frame.f_lasti
+    key = (code, lasti)
+    if key not in _cache:
+        first = lasti // 2 + 1
+        instructions = list(dis.get_instructions(calling_frame.f_code))
+        unpack = instructions[first]
+
+        if unpack.opname == "STORE_FAST" or unpack.opname == "STORE_NAME":
+            # just a single dim, not a list
+            name = unpack.argval
+            ctor = Dim if lists == 0 else DimList
+            _cache[key] = lambda: ctor(name=name)
+        else:
+            assert unpack.opname == "UNPACK_SEQUENCE"
+            ndims = unpack.argval
+            names = tuple(
+                extract_name(instructions[first + 1 + i]) for i in range(ndims)
+            )
+            first_list = len(names) - lists
+            _cache[key] = lambda: tuple(
+                Dim(n) if i < first_list else DimList(name=n)
+                for i, n in enumerate(names)
+            )
+    return _cache[key]()
+
+
+def _dim_set(positional, arg):
+    def convert(a):
+        if isinstance(a, Dim):
+            return a
+        else:
+            assert isinstance(a, int)
+            return positional[a]
+
+    if arg is None:
+        return positional
+    elif not isinstance(arg, (Dim, int)):
+        return tuple(convert(a) for a in arg)
+    else:
+        return (convert(arg),)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/magic_trace.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/magic_trace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ad92632a2ef08b300493d9e63c8a7d3ab8e9749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/magic_trace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+import os
+import signal
+import subprocess
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def magic_trace(output="trace.fxt", magic_trace_cache="/tmp/magic-trace"):
+    pid = os.getpid()
+    if not os.path.exists(magic_trace_cache):
+        print(f"Downloading magic_trace to: {magic_trace_cache}")
+        subprocess.run(
+            [
+                "wget",
+                "-O",
+                magic_trace_cache,
+                "-q",
+                "https://github.com/janestreet/magic-trace/releases/download/v1.0.2/magic-trace",
+            ]
+        )
+        subprocess.run(["chmod", "+x", magic_trace_cache])
+    args = [magic_trace_cache, "attach", "-pid", str(pid), "-o", output]
+    p = subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, encoding="utf-8")
+    while True:
+        x = p.stderr.readline()
+        print(x)
+        if "Attached" in x:
+            break
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        p.send_signal(signal.SIGINT)
+        r = p.wait()
+        print(p.stderr.read())
+        p.stderr.close()
+        if r != 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"magic_trace exited abnormally: {r}")
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/op_properties.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/op_properties.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fda08afb60f75d635b5590735e7320700ed8594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/op_properties.py
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+import torch
+
+
+# pointwise operators can go through a faster pathway
+
+tensor_magic_methods = ["add", ""]
+pointwise_magic_methods_with_reverse = (
+    "add",
+    "sub",
+    "mul",
+    "floordiv",
+    "div",
+    "truediv",
+    "mod",
+    "pow",
+    "lshift",
+    "rshift",
+    "and",
+    "or",
+    "xor",
+)
+pointwise_magic_methods = (
+    *(x for m in pointwise_magic_methods_with_reverse for x in (m, "r" + m)),
+    "eq",
+    "gt",
+    "le",
+    "lt",
+    "ge",
+    "gt",
+    "ne",
+    "neg",
+    "pos",
+    "abs",
+    "invert",
+    "iadd",
+    "isub",
+    "imul",
+    "ifloordiv",
+    "idiv",
+    "itruediv",
+    "imod",
+    "ipow",
+    "ilshift",
+    "irshift",
+    "iand",
+    "ior",
+    "ixor",
+    "int",
+    "long",
+    "float",
+    "complex",
+)
+
+pointwise_methods = (*(f"__{m}__" for m in pointwise_magic_methods),)
+
+pointwise = (
+    *(getattr(torch.Tensor, m) for m in pointwise_methods),
+    torch.nn.functional.dropout,
+    torch.where,
+    torch.Tensor.abs,
+    torch.abs,
+    torch.Tensor.acos,
+    torch.acos,
+    torch.Tensor.acosh,
+    torch.acosh,
+    torch.Tensor.add,
+    torch.add,
+    torch.Tensor.addcdiv,
+    torch.addcdiv,
+    torch.Tensor.addcmul,
+    torch.addcmul,
+    torch.Tensor.addr,
+    torch.addr,
+    torch.Tensor.angle,
+    torch.angle,
+    torch.Tensor.asin,
+    torch.asin,
+    torch.Tensor.asinh,
+    torch.asinh,
+    torch.Tensor.atan,
+    torch.atan,
+    torch.Tensor.atan2,
+    torch.atan2,
+    torch.Tensor.atanh,
+    torch.atanh,
+    torch.Tensor.bitwise_and,
+    torch.bitwise_and,
+    torch.Tensor.bitwise_left_shift,
+    torch.bitwise_left_shift,
+    torch.Tensor.bitwise_not,
+    torch.bitwise_not,
+    torch.Tensor.bitwise_or,
+    torch.bitwise_or,
+    torch.Tensor.bitwise_right_shift,
+    torch.bitwise_right_shift,
+    torch.Tensor.bitwise_xor,
+    torch.bitwise_xor,
+    torch.Tensor.ceil,
+    torch.ceil,
+    torch.celu,
+    torch.nn.functional.celu,
+    torch.Tensor.clamp,
+    torch.clamp,
+    torch.Tensor.clamp_max,
+    torch.clamp_max,
+    torch.Tensor.clamp_min,
+    torch.clamp_min,
+    torch.Tensor.copysign,
+    torch.copysign,
+    torch.Tensor.cos,
+    torch.cos,
+    torch.Tensor.cosh,
+    torch.cosh,
+    torch.Tensor.deg2rad,
+    torch.deg2rad,
+    torch.Tensor.digamma,
+    torch.digamma,
+    torch.Tensor.div,
+    torch.div,
+    torch.dropout,
+    torch.nn.functional.dropout,
+    torch.nn.functional.elu,
+    torch.Tensor.eq,
+    torch.eq,
+    torch.Tensor.erf,
+    torch.erf,
+    torch.Tensor.erfc,
+    torch.erfc,
+    torch.Tensor.erfinv,
+    torch.erfinv,
+    torch.Tensor.exp,
+    torch.exp,
+    torch.Tensor.exp2,
+    torch.exp2,
+    torch.Tensor.expm1,
+    torch.expm1,
+    torch.feature_dropout,
+    torch.Tensor.float_power,
+    torch.float_power,
+    torch.Tensor.floor,
+    torch.floor,
+    torch.Tensor.floor_divide,
+    torch.floor_divide,
+    torch.Tensor.fmod,
+    torch.fmod,
+    torch.Tensor.frac,
+    torch.frac,
+    torch.Tensor.frexp,
+    torch.frexp,
+    torch.Tensor.gcd,
+    torch.gcd,
+    torch.Tensor.ge,
+    torch.ge,
+    torch.nn.functional.gelu,
+    torch.nn.functional.glu,
+    torch.Tensor.gt,
+    torch.gt,
+    torch.Tensor.hardshrink,
+    torch.hardshrink,
+    torch.nn.functional.hardshrink,
+    torch.nn.functional.hardsigmoid,
+    torch.nn.functional.hardswish,
+    torch.nn.functional.hardtanh,
+    torch.Tensor.heaviside,
+    torch.heaviside,
+    torch.Tensor.hypot,
+    torch.hypot,
+    torch.Tensor.i0,
+    torch.i0,
+    torch.Tensor.igamma,
+    torch.igamma,
+    torch.Tensor.igammac,
+    torch.igammac,
+    torch.Tensor.isclose,
+    torch.isclose,
+    torch.Tensor.isfinite,
+    torch.isfinite,
+    torch.Tensor.isinf,
+    torch.isinf,
+    torch.Tensor.isnan,
+    torch.isnan,
+    torch.Tensor.isneginf,
+    torch.isneginf,
+    torch.Tensor.isposinf,
+    torch.isposinf,
+    torch.Tensor.isreal,
+    torch.isreal,
+    torch.Tensor.kron,
+    torch.kron,
+    torch.Tensor.lcm,
+    torch.lcm,
+    torch.Tensor.ldexp,
+    torch.ldexp,
+    torch.Tensor.le,
+    torch.le,
+    torch.nn.functional.leaky_relu,
+    torch.Tensor.lerp,
+    torch.lerp,
+    torch.Tensor.lgamma,
+    torch.lgamma,
+    torch.Tensor.log,
+    torch.log,
+    torch.Tensor.log10,
+    torch.log10,
+    torch.Tensor.log1p,
+    torch.log1p,
+    torch.Tensor.log2,
+    torch.log2,
+    torch.nn.functional.logsigmoid,
+    torch.Tensor.logical_and,
+    torch.logical_and,
+    torch.Tensor.logical_not,
+    torch.logical_not,
+    torch.Tensor.logical_or,
+    torch.logical_or,
+    torch.Tensor.logical_xor,
+    torch.logical_xor,
+    torch.Tensor.logit,
+    torch.logit,
+    torch.Tensor.lt,
+    torch.lt,
+    torch.Tensor.maximum,
+    torch.maximum,
+    torch.Tensor.minimum,
+    torch.minimum,
+    torch.nn.functional.mish,
+    torch.Tensor.mvlgamma,
+    torch.mvlgamma,
+    torch.Tensor.nan_to_num,
+    torch.nan_to_num,
+    torch.Tensor.ne,
+    torch.ne,
+    torch.Tensor.neg,
+    torch.neg,
+    torch.Tensor.nextafter,
+    torch.nextafter,
+    torch.Tensor.outer,
+    torch.outer,
+    torch.polar,
+    torch.Tensor.polygamma,
+    torch.polygamma,
+    torch.Tensor.positive,
+    torch.positive,
+    torch.Tensor.pow,
+    torch.pow,
+    torch.Tensor.prelu,
+    torch.prelu,
+    torch.nn.functional.prelu,
+    torch.Tensor.rad2deg,
+    torch.rad2deg,
+    torch.Tensor.reciprocal,
+    torch.reciprocal,
+    torch.Tensor.relu,
+    torch.relu,
+    torch.nn.functional.relu,
+    torch.nn.functional.relu6,
+    torch.Tensor.remainder,
+    torch.remainder,
+    torch.Tensor.round,
+    torch.round,
+    torch.rrelu,
+    torch.nn.functional.rrelu,
+    torch.Tensor.rsqrt,
+    torch.rsqrt,
+    torch.rsub,
+    torch.selu,
+    torch.nn.functional.selu,
+    torch.Tensor.sgn,
+    torch.sgn,
+    torch.Tensor.sigmoid,
+    torch.sigmoid,
+    torch.nn.functional.sigmoid,
+    torch.Tensor.sign,
+    torch.sign,
+    torch.Tensor.signbit,
+    torch.signbit,
+    torch.nn.functional.silu,
+    torch.Tensor.sin,
+    torch.sin,
+    torch.Tensor.sinc,
+    torch.sinc,
+    torch.Tensor.sinh,
+    torch.sinh,
+    torch.nn.functional.softplus,
+    torch.nn.functional.softshrink,
+    torch.Tensor.sqrt,
+    torch.sqrt,
+    torch.Tensor.square,
+    torch.square,
+    torch.Tensor.sub,
+    torch.sub,
+    torch.Tensor.tan,
+    torch.tan,
+    torch.Tensor.tanh,
+    torch.tanh,
+    torch.nn.functional.tanh,
+    torch.threshold,
+    torch.nn.functional.threshold,
+    torch.trapz,
+    torch.Tensor.true_divide,
+    torch.true_divide,
+    torch.Tensor.trunc,
+    torch.trunc,
+    torch.Tensor.xlogy,
+    torch.xlogy,
+    torch.rand_like,
+)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/reference.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/reference.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b25b1193762f0632d6483190234c0978a6088508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/reference.py
@@ -0,0 +1,643 @@
+# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+# reference python implementations for C ops
+import torch
+from functorch._C import dim as _C
+
+from . import op_properties
+from .batch_tensor import _enable_layers
+from .tree_map import tree_flatten, tree_map
+
+
+DimList = _C.DimList
+import operator
+from functools import reduce
+
+
+# use dict to avoid writing C++ bindings for set
+pointwise = set(op_properties.pointwise)
+
+
+def prod(x):
+    return reduce(operator.mul, x, 1)
+
+
+def _wrap_dim(d, N, keepdim):
+    from . import Dim
+
+    if isinstance(d, Dim):
+        assert not keepdim, "cannot preserve first-class dimensions with keepdim=True"
+        return d
+    elif d >= 0:
+        return d - N
+    else:
+        return d
+
+
+def _dims(d, N, keepdim, single_dim):
+    from . import Dim
+
+    if isinstance(d, (Dim, int)):
+        return ltuple((_wrap_dim(d, N, keepdim),))
+    assert not single_dim, f"expected a single dimension or int but found: {d}"
+    return ltuple(_wrap_dim(x, N, keepdim) for x in d)
+
+
+def _bind_dims_to_size(lhs_size, rhs, lhs_debug):
+    from . import DimensionMismatchError
+
+    not_bound = tuple((i, r) for i, r in enumerate(rhs) if not r.is_bound)
+    if len(not_bound) == 1:
+        idx, d = not_bound[0]
+        rhs_so_far = prod(r.size for r in rhs if r.is_bound)
+        if lhs_size % rhs_so_far != 0:
+            rhs_s = tuple("?" if not r.is_bound else str(r.size) for r in rhs)
+            raise DimensionMismatchError(
+                f"inferred dimension does not evenly fit into larger dimension: {lhs_size} vs {rhs_s}"
+            )
+        new_size = lhs_size // rhs_so_far
+        d.size = new_size
+    elif len(not_bound) > 1:
+        rhs_s = tuple("?" if not r.is_bound else str(r.size) for r in rhs)
+        raise DimensionMismatchError(
+            f"cannot infer the size of two dimensions at once: {rhs} with sizes {rhs_s}"
+        )
+    else:
+        rhs_size = prod(r.size for r in rhs)
+        if lhs_size != rhs_size:
+            raise DimensionMismatchError(
+                f"Dimension sizes to do not match ({lhs_size} != {rhs_size}) when matching {lhs_debug} to {rhs}"
+            )
+
+
+def _tensor_levels(inp):
+    from . import _Tensor
+
+    if isinstance(inp, _Tensor):
+        return inp._tensor, llist(inp._levels), inp._has_device
+    else:
+        return inp, llist(range(-inp.ndim, 0)), True
+
+
+def _match_levels(v, from_levels, to_levels):
+    view = []
+    permute = []
+    requires_view = False
+    size = v.size()
+    for t in to_levels:
+        try:
+            idx = from_levels.index(t)
+            permute.append(idx)
+            view.append(size[idx])
+        except ValueError:
+            view.append(1)
+            requires_view = True
+    if permute != list(range(len(permute))):
+        v = v.permute(*permute)
+    if requires_view:
+        v = v.view(*view)
+    return v
+
+
+# make a single dimension positional but do not permute it,
+# used to do multi-tensor operators where the dim being acted on
+# should not physically move if possible
+def _positional_no_permute(self, dim, expand_dim=False):
+    from . import Tensor
+
+    ptensor, levels = self._tensor, llist(self._levels)
+    try:
+        idx = levels.index(dim)
+    except ValueError:
+        if not expand_dim:
+            raise
+        idx = 0
+        ptensor = ptensor.expand(dim.size, *ptensor.size())
+        levels.insert(0, 0)
+    idx_batched = 0
+    for i in range(idx):
+        if isinstance(levels[i], int):
+            levels[i] -= 1
+            idx_batched += 1
+    levels[idx] = -idx_batched - 1
+    return Tensor.from_positional(ptensor, levels, self._has_device), idx_batched
+
+
+def seq(a, b):
+    from . import Dim
+
+    if isinstance(a, Dim) != isinstance(b, Dim):
+        return False
+    if isinstance(a, Dim):
+        return a is b
+    else:
+        return a == b
+
+
+class isin:
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        for x in self:
+            if seq(item, x):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def index(self, item):
+        for i, x in enumerate(self):
+            if seq(item, x):
+                return i
+        raise ValueError
+
+
+class llist(isin, list):
+    pass
+
+
+class ltuple(isin, tuple):
+    pass
+
+
+empty_dict = {}
+
+
+@classmethod
+def __torch_function__(self, orig, cls, args, kwargs=empty_dict):
+    from . import _Tensor, Tensor, TensorLike
+    from .delayed_mul_tensor import DelayedMulTensor
+
+    if orig is torch.Tensor.__mul__:
+        lhs, rhs = args
+        if (
+            isinstance(lhs, _Tensor)
+            and isinstance(rhs, _Tensor)
+            and lhs.ndim == 0
+            and rhs.ndim == 0
+        ):
+            return DelayedMulTensor(lhs, rhs)
+    all_dims = llist()
+    flat_args, unflatten = tree_flatten((args, kwargs))
+    device_holding_tensor = None
+    for f in flat_args:
+        if isinstance(f, _Tensor):
+            if f._has_device:
+                device_holding_tensor = f._batchtensor
+            for d in f.dims:
+                if d not in all_dims:
+                    all_dims.append(d)
+
+    def unwrap(t):
+        if isinstance(t, _Tensor):
+            r = t._batchtensor
+            if device_holding_tensor is not None and not t._has_device:
+                r = r.to(device=device_holding_tensor.device)
+            return r
+        return t
+
+    if orig in pointwise:
+        result_levels = llist()
+        to_expand = []
+        for i, f in enumerate(flat_args):
+            if isinstance(f, TensorLike):
+                ptensor, levels, _ = _tensor_levels(f)
+                if (
+                    isinstance(f, _Tensor)
+                    and not f._has_device
+                    and device_holding_tensor is not None
+                ):
+                    ptensor = ptensor.to(device=device_holding_tensor.device)
+                flat_args[i] = ptensor
+                for l in levels:
+                    if l not in result_levels:
+                        result_levels.append(l)
+                to_expand.append((i, levels))
+
+        for i, levels in to_expand:
+            flat_args[i] = _match_levels(flat_args[i], levels, result_levels)
+        args, kwargs = unflatten(flat_args)
+        result = orig(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        def wrap(t):
+            if isinstance(t, TensorLike):
+                return Tensor.from_positional(
+                    t, result_levels, device_holding_tensor is not None
+                )
+            return t
+
+        return tree_map(wrap, result)
+    else:
+
+        def wrap(t):
+            if isinstance(t, TensorLike):
+                return Tensor.from_batched(t, device_holding_tensor is not None)
+            return t
+
+        with _enable_layers(all_dims):
+            print(f"batch_tensor for {orig}")
+            args, kwargs = unflatten(unwrap(f) for f in flat_args)
+            result = orig(*args, **kwargs)
+            # print("END", orig)
+            return tree_map(wrap, result)
+
+
+def positional(self, *dims):
+    from . import Dim, DimensionBindError, Tensor
+
+    ptensor, levels = self._tensor, llist(self._levels)
+    flat_dims = llist()
+    view = []
+    needs_view = False
+    ndim = self.ndim
+    for d in dims:
+        if isinstance(d, DimList):
+            flat_dims.extend(d)
+            view.extend(e.size for e in d)
+        elif isinstance(d, Dim):
+            flat_dims.append(d)
+            view.append(d.size)
+        elif isinstance(d, int):
+            d = _wrap_dim(d, ndim, False)
+            flat_dims.append(d)
+            view.append(ptensor.size(d))
+        else:
+            flat_dims.extend(d)
+            view.append(prod(e.size for e in d))
+            needs_view = True
+
+    permute = list(range(len(levels)))
+    for i, d in enumerate(flat_dims):
+        try:
+            idx = levels.index(d)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise DimensionBindError(
+                f"tensor of dimensions {self.dims} does not contain dim {d}"
+            ) from e
+        p = permute[idx]
+        del levels[idx]
+        del permute[idx]
+        levels.insert(i, 0)
+        permute.insert(i, p)
+    ptensor = ptensor.permute(*permute)
+    seen = 0
+    for i in range(len(levels) - 1, -1, -1):
+        if isinstance(levels[i], int):
+            seen += 1
+            levels[i] = -seen
+    result = Tensor.from_positional(ptensor, levels, self._has_device)
+    if needs_view:
+        result = result.reshape(*view, *result.size()[len(flat_dims) :])
+    return result
+
+
+def _contains_dim(input):
+    from . import Dim
+
+    for i in input:
+        if isinstance(i, Dim):
+            return True
+
+
+def expand(self, *sizes):
+    if not _contains_dim(sizes):
+        return self.__torch_function__(torch.Tensor.expand, None, (self, *sizes))
+    dims = sizes
+    sizes = [d.size for d in dims] + [-1] * self.ndim
+    self = self.expand(*sizes)
+    return self[dims]
+
+
+_not_present = object()
+
+
+def _getarg(name, offset, args, kwargs, default):
+    if len(args) > offset:
+        return args[offset]
+    return kwargs.get(name, default)
+
+
+def _patcharg(name, offset, args, kwargs, value):
+    if len(args) > offset:
+        args[offset] = value
+    else:
+        kwargs[name] = value
+
+
+def _wrap(
+    orig, dim_offset=0, keepdim_offset=1, dim_name="dim", single_dim=False, reduce=True
+):
+    from . import Dim, Tensor, TensorLike
+
+    def fn(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        dim = _getarg(dim_name, dim_offset, args, kwargs, _not_present)
+        if dim is _not_present or (single_dim and not isinstance(dim, Dim)):
+            with _enable_layers(self.dims):
+                print(f"dim fallback batch_tensor for {orig}")
+                return Tensor.from_batched(
+                    orig(self._batchtensor, *args, **kwargs), self._has_device
+                )
+        keepdim = (
+            _getarg("keepdim", keepdim_offset, args, kwargs, False) if reduce else False
+        )
+        t, levels = self._tensor, llist(self._levels)
+        dims = _dims(dim, self._batchtensor.ndim, keepdim, single_dim)
+        dim_indices = tuple(levels.index(d) for d in dims)
+        if reduce and not keepdim:
+            new_levels = [l for i, l in enumerate(levels) if i not in dim_indices]
+        else:
+            new_levels = levels
+
+        if len(dim_indices) == 1:
+            dim_indices = dim_indices[
+                0
+            ]  # so that dims that really only take a single argument work...
+        args = list(args)
+        _patcharg(dim_name, dim_offset, args, kwargs, dim_indices)
+
+        def wrap(t):
+            if isinstance(t, TensorLike):
+                return Tensor.from_positional(t, new_levels, self._has_device)
+            return t
+
+        with _enable_layers(new_levels):
+            print(f"dim used batch_tensor for {orig}")
+            r = orig(t, *args, **kwargs)
+            return tree_map(wrap, r)
+
+    return fn
+
+
+def _def(name, *args, **kwargs):
+    from . import _Tensor
+
+    orig = getattr(torch.Tensor, name)
+    setattr(_Tensor, name, _wrap(orig, *args, **kwargs))
+
+
+no_slice = slice(None)
+
+_orig_getitem = torch.Tensor.__getitem__
+
+
+class dim_tracker:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.dims = llist()
+        self.count = []
+
+    def record(self, d):
+        if d not in self.dims:
+            self.dims.append(d)
+            self.count.append(1)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, d):
+        return self.count[self.dims.index(d)]
+
+
+def t__getitem__(self, input):
+    from . import _Tensor, Dim, DimensionBindError, DimList, Tensor, TensorLike
+
+    # * bail to original example if we have a single non-Dim tensor, or a non-tensor
+    # * locate ... or an unbound tensor list, and determine its size, bind dim list
+    #   (remember that None does not count to the total dim count)
+    # * bind simple dims and dim-packs to their sizes, count the number of uses of each dim,
+    #   produce the re-view if needed
+    # * for each single-use dim index, replace with no_slice and mark that it will be added
+    #   (keep track of whether we have to call super)
+    # * call super if needed
+    # * if we have dims to bind, bind them (it will help if we eliminated ... and None before)
+    # this handles bool indexing handling, as well as some other simple cases.
+
+    is_simple = (
+        not isinstance(input, Dim)
+        and not isinstance(input, (tuple, list))
+        and
+        # WAR for functorch bug where zero time tensors in getitem are not handled correctly.
+        not (isinstance(input, TensorLike) and input.ndim == 0)
+    )
+
+    if is_simple:
+        if isinstance(self, _Tensor):
+            return _Tensor.__torch_function__(_orig_getitem, None, (self, input))
+        else:
+            return _orig_getitem(self, input)
+
+    # can further optimize this case
+    if not isinstance(input, tuple):
+        input = [input]
+    else:
+        input = list(input)
+
+    dims_indexed = 0
+    expanding_object = None
+    dimlists = []
+    for i, s in enumerate(input):
+        if s is ... or isinstance(s, DimList) and not s.is_bound:
+            if expanding_object is not None:
+                msg = (
+                    "at most one ... or unbound dimension list can exist in indexing list but"
+                    f" found 2 at offsets {i} and {expanding_object}"
+                )
+                raise DimensionBindError(msg)
+            expanding_object = i
+
+        if isinstance(s, DimList):
+            dims_indexed += len(s) if s.is_bound else 0
+            dimlists.append(i)
+        elif s is not None and s is not ...:
+            dims_indexed += 1
+
+    ndim = self.ndim
+    if dims_indexed > ndim:
+        raise IndexError(
+            f"at least {dims_indexed} indices were supplied but the tensor only has {ndim} dimensions."
+        )
+    if expanding_object is not None:
+        expanding_ndims = ndim - dims_indexed
+        obj = input[expanding_object]
+        if obj is ...:
+            input[expanding_object : expanding_object + 1] = [
+                no_slice
+            ] * expanding_ndims
+        else:
+            obj.bind_len(expanding_ndims)
+    # flatten the dimslists into the indexing
+    for i in reversed(dimlists):
+        input[i : i + 1] = input[i]
+    dims_indexed = 0
+    requires_view = False
+    size = self.size()
+    view_sizes = []
+    dims_seen = dim_tracker()
+
+    def add_dims(t):
+        if not isinstance(t, _Tensor):
+            return
+        for d in t.dims:
+            dims_seen.record(d)
+
+    add_dims(self)
+    dim_packs = []
+    for i, idx in enumerate(input):
+        if idx is None:
+            input[i] = no_slice
+            view_sizes.append(1)
+            requires_view = True
+        else:
+            sz = size[dims_indexed]
+            if isinstance(idx, Dim):
+                idx.size = sz
+                dims_seen.record(idx)
+                view_sizes.append(sz)
+            elif isinstance(idx, (tuple, list)) and idx and isinstance(idx[0], Dim):
+                for d in idx:
+                    dims_seen.record(idx)
+                _bind_dims_to_size(sz, idx, f"offset {i}")
+                view_sizes.extend(d.size for d in idx)
+                requires_view = True
+                dim_packs.append(i)
+            else:
+                add_dims(idx)
+                view_sizes.append(sz)
+            dims_indexed += 1
+    if requires_view:
+        self = self.view(*view_sizes)
+    for i in reversed(dim_packs):
+        input[i : i + 1] = input[i]
+
+    # currenty:
+    # input is flat, containing either Dim, or Tensor, or something valid for standard indexing
+    # self may have first-class dims as well.
+
+    # to index:
+    # drop the first class dims from self, they just become direct indices of their positions
+
+    # figure out the dimensions of the indexing tensors: union of all the dims in the tensors in the index.
+    # these dimensions will appear and need to be bound at the first place tensor occures
+
+    if isinstance(self, _Tensor):
+        ptensor_self, levels = self._tensor, list(self._levels)
+        # indices to ptensor rather than self which has first-class dimensions
+        input_it = iter(input)
+        flat_inputs = [next(input_it) if isinstance(l, int) else l for l in levels]
+        has_device = self._has_device
+        to_pad = 0
+    else:
+        ptensor_self, flat_inputs = self, input
+        to_pad = ptensor_self.ndim - len(flat_inputs)
+        has_device = True
+
+    result_levels = []
+    index_levels = []
+    tensor_insert_point = None
+    to_expand = {}
+    requires_getindex = False
+    for i, inp in enumerate(flat_inputs):
+        if isinstance(inp, Dim) and dims_seen[inp] == 1:
+            flat_inputs[i] = no_slice
+            result_levels.append(inp)
+        elif isinstance(inp, TensorLike):
+            requires_getindex = True
+            if tensor_insert_point is None:
+                tensor_insert_point = len(result_levels)
+            ptensor, levels, _ = _tensor_levels(inp)
+            to_expand[i] = levels
+            flat_inputs[i] = ptensor
+            for l in levels:
+                if l not in index_levels:
+                    index_levels.append(l)
+        else:
+            requires_getindex = True
+            result_levels.append(0)
+
+    if tensor_insert_point is not None:
+        result_levels[tensor_insert_point:tensor_insert_point] = index_levels
+
+    for i, levels in to_expand.items():
+        flat_inputs[i] = _match_levels(flat_inputs[i], levels, index_levels)
+
+    if requires_getindex:
+        result = _orig_getitem(ptensor_self, flat_inputs)
+    else:
+        result = ptensor_self
+
+    next_positional = -1
+    if to_pad > 0:
+        result_levels.extend([0] * to_pad)
+    for i, r in enumerate(reversed(result_levels)):
+        if isinstance(r, int):
+            result_levels[-1 - i] = next_positional
+            next_positional -= 1
+
+    return Tensor.from_positional(result, result_levels, has_device)
+
+
+# XXX - dim is optional and can be the outer-most dimension...
+def stack(tensors, new_dim, dim=0, out=None):
+    if isinstance(dim, int):
+        return torch.stack(tensors, dim, out).index(dim, new_dim)
+    index = None
+    if out is not None:
+        out, index = _positional_no_permute(out, dim, expand_dim=True)
+    ptensors = []
+    for t in tensors:
+        pt, pi = _positional_no_permute(t, dim, expand_dim=True)
+        if index is not None and pi != index:
+            pt = pt.move_dim(pi, index)
+        else:
+            index = pi
+        ptensors.append(pt)
+    pr = torch.stack(ptensors, index, out=out)
+    return pr.index((index, index + 1), (new_dim, dim))
+
+
+_orig_split = torch.Tensor.split
+
+
+def split(self, split_size_or_sections, dim=0):
+    from . import _Tensor, Dim
+
+    if isinstance(split_size_or_sections, int) or any(
+        isinstance(t, int) for t in split_size_or_sections
+    ):
+        if isinstance(dim, Dim):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "when dim is specified as a Dim object, split sizes must also be dimensions."
+            )
+        return _orig_split(self, split_size_or_sections, dim=dim)
+
+    if isinstance(dim, Dim):
+        assert isinstance(self, _Tensor), f"Tensor does not have dimension {dim}"
+        self, dim = _positional_no_permute(self, dim)
+
+    size = self.size(dim)
+    total_bound_size = 0
+    unbound = []
+    sizes = []
+    for i, d in enumerate(split_size_or_sections):
+        if d.is_bound:
+            sizes.append(d.size)
+            total_bound_size += d.size
+        else:
+            sizes.append(0)
+            unbound.append(i)
+
+    if unbound:
+        assert (
+            total_bound_size <= size
+        ), f"result dimensions are larger than original: {total_bound_size} vs {size} ({split_size_or_sections})"
+        remaining_size = size - total_bound_size
+        chunk_size = -(-remaining_size // len(unbound))
+        for u in unbound:
+            sz = min(chunk_size, remaining_size)
+            split_size_or_sections[u].size = sz
+            sizes[u] = sz
+            remaining_size -= sz
+    else:
+        assert (
+            total_bound_size == size
+        ), f"result dimensions do not match original: {total_bound_size} vs {size} ({split_size_or_sections})"
+    return tuple(
+        t.index(dim, d)
+        for d, t in zip(split_size_or_sections, _orig_split(self, sizes, dim=dim))
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/tree_map.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/tree_map.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..014a44b95d1890bc8456bc64be6f093e2b433cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/tree_map.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+from functorch._C import dim
+
+
+tree_flatten = dim.tree_flatten
+
+
+def tree_map(fn, tree):
+    vs, unflatten = tree_flatten(tree)
+    return unflatten(fn(v) for v in vs)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/wrap_type.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/wrap_type.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..797ce6c34c5cbbe519e07b3c68bceb9350b98b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/dim/wrap_type.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+from types import (
+    BuiltinMethodType,
+    FunctionType,
+    GetSetDescriptorType,
+    MethodDescriptorType,
+    WrapperDescriptorType,
+)
+
+from functorch._C import dim as _C
+
+
+_wrap_method = _C._wrap_method
+
+FUNC_TYPES = (
+    FunctionType,
+    MethodDescriptorType,
+    BuiltinMethodType,
+    WrapperDescriptorType,
+)
+PROPERTY_TYPES = (GetSetDescriptorType, property)
+
+
+def _py_wrap_method(orig, __torch_function__):
+    def impl(*args, **kwargs):
+        return __torch_function__(orig, None, args, kwargs)
+
+    return impl
+
+
+def wrap_type(use_c, to_patch, pattern, __torch_function__):
+    if use_c:
+        wrap_method = _wrap_method
+    else:
+        wrap_method = _py_wrap_method
+
+    all = {}
+    for t in reversed(pattern.mro()[:-1]):  # skip object
+        all.update(t.__dict__)
+
+    def wrap_attr(orig):
+        return property(wrap_method(orig.__get__, __torch_function__))
+
+    for name, obj in all.items():
+        if name in (
+            "__dict__",
+            "__new__",
+            "__init__",
+            "__repr__",
+            "__weakref__",
+            "__doc__",
+            "__module__",
+            "__dir__",
+        ):
+            continue
+
+        # skip things that have been overloaded
+        # things that come from object like `__eq__` still need to be patched, however.
+        if hasattr(to_patch, name) and getattr(to_patch, name) is not getattr(
+            object, name, None
+        ):
+            continue
+
+        if isinstance(obj, FUNC_TYPES):
+            setattr(to_patch, name, wrap_method(obj, __torch_function__))
+        elif isinstance(obj, PROPERTY_TYPES):
+            setattr(to_patch, name, wrap_attr(obj))
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/einops/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/einops/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef17a03c09e65c20bff38b7ed2d2b1e05f18f780
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/einops/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .rearrange import rearrange
+
+
+__all__ = ["rearrange"]
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/einops/_parsing.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/einops/_parsing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bcf705938908f6f92cd7cb1ed10e3150eff31f23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/einops/_parsing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+"""Adapted from https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/blob/36c7bb16e57d6e57f8f3050f9e07abdf3f00469f/einops/parsing.py.
+
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2018 Alex Rogozhnikov
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import keyword
+import warnings
+from typing import Collection, List, Mapping, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+
+
+_ellipsis: str = "\u2026"  # NB, this is a single unicode symbol. String is used as it is not a list, but can be iterated
+
+
+class AnonymousAxis:
+    """Used by `ParsedExpression` to represent an axis with a size (> 1), but no associated identifier.
+
+    Note: Different instances of this class are not equal to each other, even if they have the same value.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self.value = int(value)
+        if self.value < 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Anonymous axis should have positive length, not {self.value}"
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.value}-axis"
+
+
+class ParsedExpression:
+    """Structure containing information about one side of an `einops`-style pattern (e.g. 'b c (h w)')."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        expression: str,
+        *,
+        allow_underscore: bool = False,
+        allow_duplicates: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Parse the expression and store relevant metadata.
+
+        Args:
+            expression (str): the `einops`-pattern to parse
+            allow_underscore (bool): whether to allow axis identifier names to begin with an underscore
+            allow_duplicates (bool): whether to allow an identifier to appear more than once in the expression
+        """
+        self.has_ellipsis: bool = False
+        self.has_ellipsis_parenthesized: Optional[bool] = None
+        self.identifiers: Set[Union[str, AnonymousAxis]] = set()
+        # that's axes like 2, 3, 4 or 5. Axes with size 1 are exceptional and replaced with empty composition
+        self.has_non_unitary_anonymous_axes: bool = False
+        # composition keeps structure of composite axes, see how different corner cases are handled in tests
+        self.composition: List[Union[List[Union[str, AnonymousAxis]], str]] = []
+        if "." in expression:
+            if "..." not in expression:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Expression may contain dots only inside ellipsis (...)"
+                )
+            if str.count(expression, "...") != 1 or str.count(expression, ".") != 3:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Expression may contain dots only inside ellipsis (...); only one ellipsis for tensor "
+                )
+            expression = expression.replace("...", _ellipsis)
+            self.has_ellipsis = True
+
+        bracket_group: Optional[List[Union[str, AnonymousAxis]]] = None
+
+        def add_axis_name(x: str) -> None:
+            if x in self.identifiers:
+                if not (allow_underscore and x == "_") and not allow_duplicates:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Indexing expression contains duplicate dimension '{x}'"
+                    )
+            if x == _ellipsis:
+                self.identifiers.add(_ellipsis)
+                if bracket_group is None:
+                    self.composition.append(_ellipsis)
+                    self.has_ellipsis_parenthesized = False
+                else:
+                    bracket_group.append(_ellipsis)
+                    self.has_ellipsis_parenthesized = True
+            else:
+                is_number = str.isdecimal(x)
+                if is_number and int(x) == 1:
+                    # handling the case of anonymous axis of length 1
+                    if bracket_group is None:
+                        self.composition.append([])
+                    else:
+                        pass  # no need to think about 1s inside parenthesis
+                    return
+                is_axis_name, reason = self.check_axis_name_return_reason(
+                    x, allow_underscore=allow_underscore
+                )
+                if not (is_number or is_axis_name):
+                    raise ValueError(f"Invalid axis identifier: {x}\n{reason}")
+                axis_name: Union[str, AnonymousAxis] = (
+                    AnonymousAxis(x) if is_number else x
+                )
+                self.identifiers.add(axis_name)
+                if is_number:
+                    self.has_non_unitary_anonymous_axes = True
+                if bracket_group is None:
+                    self.composition.append([axis_name])
+                else:
+                    bracket_group.append(axis_name)
+
+        current_identifier = None
+        for char in expression:
+            if char in "() ":
+                if current_identifier is not None:
+                    add_axis_name(current_identifier)
+                current_identifier = None
+                if char == "(":
+                    if bracket_group is not None:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "Axis composition is one-level (brackets inside brackets not allowed)"
+                        )
+                    bracket_group = []
+                elif char == ")":
+                    if bracket_group is None:
+                        raise ValueError("Brackets are not balanced")
+                    self.composition.append(bracket_group)
+                    bracket_group = None
+            elif str.isalnum(char) or char in ["_", _ellipsis]:
+                if current_identifier is None:
+                    current_identifier = char
+                else:
+                    current_identifier += char
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unknown character '{char}'")
+
+        if bracket_group is not None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Imbalanced parentheses in expression: '{expression}'")
+        if current_identifier is not None:
+            add_axis_name(current_identifier)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def check_axis_name_return_reason(
+        name: str, allow_underscore: bool = False
+    ) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+        """Check if the given axis name is valid, and a message explaining why if not.
+
+        Valid axes names are python identifiers except keywords, and should not start or end with an underscore.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): the axis name to check
+            allow_underscore (bool): whether axis names are allowed to start with an underscore
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[bool, str]: whether the axis name is valid, a message explaining why if not
+        """
+        if not str.isidentifier(name):
+            return False, "not a valid python identifier"
+        elif name[0] == "_" or name[-1] == "_":
+            if name == "_" and allow_underscore:
+                return True, ""
+            return False, "axis name should should not start or end with underscore"
+        else:
+            if keyword.iskeyword(name):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f"It is discouraged to use axes names that are keywords: {name}",
+                    RuntimeWarning,
+                )
+            if name in ["axis"]:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "It is discouraged to use 'axis' as an axis name and will raise an error in future",
+                    FutureWarning,
+                )
+            return True, ""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def check_axis_name(name: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if the name is a valid axis name.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): the axis name to check
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: whether the axis name is valid
+        """
+        is_valid, _ = ParsedExpression.check_axis_name_return_reason(name)
+        return is_valid
+
+
+def parse_pattern(
+    pattern: str, axes_lengths: Mapping[str, int]
+) -> Tuple[ParsedExpression, ParsedExpression]:
+    """Parse an `einops`-style pattern into a left-hand side and right-hand side `ParsedExpression` object.
+
+    Args:
+        pattern (str): the `einops`-style rearrangement pattern
+        axes_lengths (Mapping[str, int]): any additional length specifications for dimensions
+
+    Returns:
+       Tuple[ParsedExpression, ParsedExpression]: a tuple containing the left-hand side and right-hand side expressions
+    """
+    # adapted from einops.einops._prepare_transformation_recipe
+    # https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/blob/230ac1526c1f42c9e1f7373912c7f8047496df11/einops/einops.py
+    try:
+        left_str, right_str = pattern.split("->")
+    except ValueError:
+        raise ValueError("Pattern must contain a single '->' separator") from None
+
+    if _ellipsis in axes_lengths:
+        raise ValueError(f"'{_ellipsis}' is not an allowed axis identifier")
+
+    left = ParsedExpression(left_str)
+    right = ParsedExpression(right_str)
+
+    if not left.has_ellipsis and right.has_ellipsis:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Ellipsis found in right side, but not left side of a pattern {pattern}"
+        )
+    if left.has_ellipsis and left.has_ellipsis_parenthesized:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Ellipsis is parenthesis in the left side is not allowed: {pattern}"
+        )
+
+    return left, right
+
+
+def validate_rearrange_expressions(
+    left: ParsedExpression, right: ParsedExpression, axes_lengths: Mapping[str, int]
+) -> None:
+    """Perform expression validations that are specific to the `rearrange` operation.
+
+    Args:
+        left (ParsedExpression): left-hand side expression
+        right (ParsedExpression): right-hand side expression
+        axes_lengths (Mapping[str, int]): any additional length specifications for dimensions
+    """
+    for length in axes_lengths.values():
+        if (length_type := type(length)) is not int:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"rearrange axis lengths must be integers, got: {length_type}"
+            )
+
+    if left.has_non_unitary_anonymous_axes or right.has_non_unitary_anonymous_axes:
+        raise ValueError("rearrange only supports unnamed axes of size 1")
+
+    difference = set.symmetric_difference(left.identifiers, right.identifiers)
+    if len(difference) > 0:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Identifiers only on one side of rearrange expression (should be on both): {difference}"
+        )
+
+    unmatched_axes = axes_lengths.keys() - left.identifiers
+    if len(unmatched_axes) > 0:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Identifiers not found in rearrange expression: {unmatched_axes}"
+        )
+
+
+def comma_separate(collection: Collection[Union[str, Collection[str]]]) -> str:
+    """Convert a collection of strings representing first class dims into a comma-separated string.
+
+    Args:
+        collection (Collection[Union[str, Collection[str]]]): the collection of strings to convert
+
+    Returns:
+        str: the comma-separated string
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> comma_separate(("d0",))
+        'd0'
+
+        >>> comma_separate(("d0", "d1", "d2", "d3"))
+        'd0, d1, d2, d3'
+
+        >>> comma_separate([("d1", "d4")])
+        '(d1, d4)'
+
+        >>> comma_separate([("d0",), (), ("d1",), ("d2",), ("d3", "d4")])
+        '(d0,), (), (d1,), (d2,), (d3, d4)'
+    """
+    return ", ".join(
+        item
+        if isinstance(item, str)
+        else f"({comma_separate(item)}{',' if len(item) == 1 else ''})"
+        for item in collection
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/einops/rearrange.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/einops/rearrange.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ceaecfde584ceec7fda2f18090f6cac3ca044f70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/einops/rearrange.py
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Sequence, Tuple, Union
+
+import torch
+from functorch._C import dim as _C
+
+from ._parsing import (
+    _ellipsis,
+    AnonymousAxis,
+    comma_separate,
+    parse_pattern,
+    validate_rearrange_expressions,
+)
+
+
+__all__ = ["rearrange"]
+
+dims = _C.dims
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(256)
+def _create_rearrange_callable(
+    tensor_ndim: int, pattern: str, **axes_lengths: int
+) -> Callable[[torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor]:
+    r"""Translate an `einops`-style pattern into a callable that performs the rearrange using first-class dimensions.
+
+    Since the an equivalent result is computed for tensors with the same number of dimensions, with the same pattern and
+    specified axes lengths, this function can be memoized.
+
+    Args:
+        tensor_ndim (int): the number of dimensions in the tensor to rearrange
+        pattern (str): the `einops`-style rearrangement pattern
+        axes_lengths (int): any additional length specifications for dimensions
+
+    Returns:
+        Callable[[torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor]: a callable that performs the rearrangement
+    """
+    left, right = parse_pattern(pattern, axes_lengths)
+    validate_rearrange_expressions(left, right, axes_lengths)
+
+    n_anon_dims = sum(not dim for dim in left.composition)
+    if left.has_ellipsis:
+        n_ellipsis_dims = tensor_ndim - (len(left.composition) - 1)
+        n_named_dims = len(left.identifiers) - 1
+
+        if (pattern_ndim := n_anon_dims + n_named_dims) > tensor_ndim:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Number of dimensions in pattern ({pattern_ndim}) must be less than or equal to the number of "
+                f"dimensions in the tensor ({tensor_ndim})"
+            )
+    else:
+        n_ellipsis_dims = 0
+        n_named_dims = len(left.identifiers)
+
+        if (pattern_ndim := len(left.composition)) != tensor_ndim:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Number of dimensions in pattern ({pattern_ndim}) must be equal to the number of dimensions in "
+                f"the tensor ({tensor_ndim})"
+            )
+    n_dims = n_named_dims + n_ellipsis_dims + n_anon_dims
+
+    if n_dims == 0:
+        # an identity rearrangement on a 0-dimension tensor
+        return lambda tensor: tensor
+
+    first_class_dims: Tuple[str, ...] = tuple(f"d{i}" for i in range(n_dims))
+    identifier_dim_map: Dict[Union[str, AnonymousAxis], Tuple[str, ...]] = {}
+    anon_axes: List[AnonymousAxis] = []
+
+    # map the left-hand side identifiers to strings representing first class dims
+    dims_i = 0
+    for dimension in left.composition:
+        if isinstance(dimension, list):
+            for identifier in dimension:
+                # non-unitary anon axes are not allowed in rearrange & unitary anon axes are represented as empty lists
+                assert isinstance(identifier, str)
+                identifier_dim_map[identifier] = (first_class_dims[dims_i],)
+                dims_i += 1
+            if not dimension:
+                # unitary anonymous axis
+                anon_axis = AnonymousAxis("1")
+                identifier_dim_map[anon_axis] = (first_class_dims[dims_i],)
+                anon_axes.append(anon_axis)
+                dimension.append(anon_axis)
+                dims_i += 1
+        elif dimension == _ellipsis:
+            identifier = _ellipsis
+            identifier_dim_map[identifier] = tuple(
+                first_class_dims[dims_i + j] for j in range(n_ellipsis_dims)
+            )
+            dims_i += n_ellipsis_dims
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected dimension: {dimension}")
+
+    def composition_to_dims(
+        composition: Sequence[Union[List[Union[str, AnonymousAxis]], str]],
+    ) -> List[Union[str, Tuple[str, ...]]]:
+        """Convert a `ParsedExpression.composition` into a `Tensor.__getitem__` index of strings representing first
+        class dims."""
+        dim_composition: List[Union[str, Tuple[str, ...]]] = []
+        for dimension in composition:
+            if isinstance(dimension, list):
+                dim_composition.append(
+                    tuple(
+                        dim
+                        for identifier in dimension
+                        for dim in identifier_dim_map[identifier]
+                    )
+                )
+            elif dimension == _ellipsis:
+                dim_composition.extend(identifier_dim_map[_ellipsis])
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unexpected dimension: {dimension}")
+        return dim_composition
+
+    left_dims = composition_to_dims(left.composition)
+    right_dims = composition_to_dims(right.composition)
+    anon_dims = tuple(identifier_dim_map[axis][0] for axis in anon_axes)
+    specified_lengths = tuple(
+        (identifier_dim_map[axis][0], length) for axis, length in axes_lengths.items()
+    )
+
+    custom_rearrange_callable_name = "do_rearrange"
+    custom_rearrange_callable_code = (
+        (
+            f"def {custom_rearrange_callable_name}(tensor):\n"
+            f"    {comma_separate(first_class_dims)} = dims({n_dims})\n"
+        )
+        + (
+            "".join(
+                f"    {dim}.size = {length}\n" for (dim, length) in specified_lengths
+            )
+            if specified_lengths
+            else ""
+        )
+        + f"    tensor = tensor[{comma_separate(left_dims)}].order({comma_separate(right_dims)})\n"
+        + (
+            f"    return tensor.sum({comma_separate([anon_dims])}, keepdim=False)\n"
+            if anon_dims
+            else "    return tensor\n"
+        )
+    )
+
+    exec(custom_rearrange_callable_code)
+    return locals()[custom_rearrange_callable_name]
+
+
+def rearrange(
+    tensor: Union[torch.Tensor, List[torch.Tensor], Tuple[torch.Tensor, ...]],
+    pattern: str,
+    **axes_lengths: int,
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    r"""A native implementation of `einops.rearrange`, a reader-friendly smart element reordering for multidimensional
+    tensors. This operation includes functionality of transpose (axes permutation), reshape (view), squeeze, unsqueeze,
+    stack, concatenate and other operations.
+
+    See: https://einops.rocks/api/rearrange/
+
+    Args:
+        tensor (Tensor or sequence of Tensor): the tensor(s) to rearrange
+        pattern (str): the rearrangement pattern
+        axes_lengths (int): any additional length specifications for dimensions
+
+    Returns:
+        Tensor: the rearranged tensor
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> # suppose we have a set of 32 images in "h w c" format (height-width-channel)
+        >>> images = torch.randn((32, 30, 40, 3))
+
+        >>> # stack along first (batch) axis, output is a single array
+        >>> rearrange(images, "b h w c -> b h w c").shape
+        torch.Size([32, 30, 40, 3])
+
+        >>> # concatenate images along height (vertical axis), 960 = 32 * 30
+        >>> rearrange(images, "b h w c -> (b h) w c").shape
+        torch.Size([960, 40, 3])
+
+        >>> # concatenated images along horizontal axis, 1280 = 32 * 40
+        >>> rearrange(images, "b h w c -> h (b w) c").shape
+        torch.Size([30, 1280, 3])
+
+        >>> # reordered axes to "b c h w" format for deep learning
+        >>> rearrange(images, "b h w c -> b c h w").shape
+        torch.Size([32, 3, 30, 40])
+
+        >>> # flattened each image into a vector, 3600 = 30 * 40 * 3
+        >>> rearrange(images, "b h w c -> b (c h w)").shape
+        torch.Size([32, 3600])
+
+        >>> # split each image into 4 smaller (top-left, top-right, bottom-left, bottom-right), 128 = 32 * 2 * 2
+        >>> rearrange(images, "b (h1 h) (w1 w) c -> (b h1 w1) h w c", h1=2, w1=2).shape
+        torch.Size([128, 15, 20, 3])
+
+        >>> # space-to-depth operation
+        >>> rearrange(images, "b (h h1) (w w1) c -> b h w (c h1 w1)", h1=2, w1=2).shape
+        torch.Size([32, 15, 20, 12])
+    """
+    if not isinstance(tensor, torch.Tensor):
+        tensor = torch.stack(tensor)
+
+    rearrange_callable = _create_rearrange_callable(
+        tensor.ndim, pattern, **axes_lengths
+    )
+
+    return rearrange_callable(tensor)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/experimental/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/experimental/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00af1abcc55fd733e473cfa413da38ef5898bbcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/experimental/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# PyTorch forward-mode is not mature yet
+from functorch import functionalize
+from torch._functorch.apis import chunk_vmap
+from torch._functorch.batch_norm_replacement import replace_all_batch_norm_modules_
+from torch._functorch.eager_transforms import hessian, jacfwd, jvp
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/experimental/control_flow.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/experimental/control_flow.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f048e20c84b409c1d3d75dc9831b2f6fa4d4bad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/experimental/control_flow.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from torch import cond  # noqa: F401
+from torch._higher_order_ops.cond import UnsupportedAliasMutationException  # noqa: F401
+from torch._higher_order_ops.map import (  # noqa: F401
+    _stack_pytree,
+    _unstack_pytree,
+    map,
+)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/experimental/ops.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/experimental/ops.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..144515478f0c537ee28ba46f72e3a70f08858f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/functorch/experimental/ops.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from torch._ops import HigherOrderOperator  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c69047b2eb8235994febeeae1da4a82365a240a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uv
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a2f639061cc4a203f7109d8335d28076442c61d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: h11
+Version: 0.16.0
+Summary: A pure-Python, bring-your-own-I/O implementation of HTTP/1.1
+Home-page: https://github.com/python-hyper/h11
+Author: Nathaniel J. Smith
+Author-email: njs@pobox.com
+License: MIT
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Networking
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Dynamic: author
+Dynamic: author-email
+Dynamic: classifier
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: home-page
+Dynamic: license
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: requires-python
+Dynamic: summary
+
+h11
+===
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/python-hyper/h11.svg?branch=master
+   :target: https://travis-ci.org/python-hyper/h11
+   :alt: Automated test status
+
+.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/python-hyper/h11/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
+   :target: https://codecov.io/gh/python-hyper/h11
+   :alt: Test coverage
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/h11/badge/?version=latest
+   :target: http://h11.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
+   :alt: Documentation Status
+
+This is a little HTTP/1.1 library written from scratch in Python,
+heavily inspired by `hyper-h2 <https://hyper-h2.readthedocs.io/>`_.
+
+It's a "bring-your-own-I/O" library; h11 contains no IO code
+whatsoever. This means you can hook h11 up to your favorite network
+API, and that could be anything you want: synchronous, threaded,
+asynchronous, or your own implementation of `RFC 6214
+<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6214>`_ -- h11 won't judge you.
+(Compare this to the current state of the art, where every time a `new
+network API <https://trio.readthedocs.io/>`_ comes along then someone
+gets to start over reimplementing the entire HTTP protocol from
+scratch.) Cory Benfield made an `excellent blog post describing the
+benefits of this approach
+<https://lukasa.co.uk/2015/10/The_New_Hyper/>`_, or if you like video
+then here's his `PyCon 2016 talk on the same theme
+<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cC3_jGwl_U>`_.
+
+This also means that h11 is not immediately useful out of the box:
+it's a toolkit for building programs that speak HTTP, not something
+that could directly replace ``requests`` or ``twisted.web`` or
+whatever. But h11 makes it much easier to implement something like
+``requests`` or ``twisted.web``.
+
+At a high level, working with h11 goes like this:
+
+1) First, create an ``h11.Connection`` object to track the state of a
+   single HTTP/1.1 connection.
+
+2) When you read data off the network, pass it to
+   ``conn.receive_data(...)``; you'll get back a list of objects
+   representing high-level HTTP "events".
+
+3) When you want to send a high-level HTTP event, create the
+   corresponding "event" object and pass it to ``conn.send(...)``;
+   this will give you back some bytes that you can then push out
+   through the network.
+
+For example, a client might instantiate and then send a
+``h11.Request`` object, then zero or more ``h11.Data`` objects for the
+request body (e.g., if this is a POST), and then a
+``h11.EndOfMessage`` to indicate the end of the message. Then the
+server would then send back a ``h11.Response``, some ``h11.Data``, and
+its own ``h11.EndOfMessage``. If either side violates the protocol,
+you'll get a ``h11.ProtocolError`` exception.
+
+h11 is suitable for implementing both servers and clients, and has a
+pleasantly symmetric API: the events you send as a client are exactly
+the ones that you receive as a server and vice-versa.
+
+`Here's an example of a tiny HTTP client
+<https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/blob/master/examples/basic-client.py>`_
+
+It also has `a fine manual <https://h11.readthedocs.io/>`_.
+
+FAQ
+---
+
+*Whyyyyy?*
+
+I wanted to play with HTTP in `Curio
+<https://curio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial.html>`__ and `Trio
+<https://trio.readthedocs.io>`__, which at the time didn't have any
+HTTP libraries. So I thought, no big deal, Python has, like, a dozen
+different implementations of HTTP, surely I can find one that's
+reusable. I didn't find one, but I did find Cory's call-to-arms
+blog-post. So I figured, well, fine, if I have to implement HTTP from
+scratch, at least I can make sure no-one *else* has to ever again.
+
+*Should I use it?*
+
+Maybe. You should be aware that it's a very young project. But, it's
+feature complete and has an exhaustive test-suite and complete docs,
+so the next step is for people to try using it and see how it goes
+:-). If you do then please let us know -- if nothing else we'll want
+to talk to you before making any incompatible changes!
+
+*What are the features/limitations?*
+
+Roughly speaking, it's trying to be a robust, complete, and non-hacky
+implementation of the first "chapter" of the HTTP/1.1 spec: `RFC 7230:
+HTTP/1.1 Message Syntax and Routing
+<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230>`_. That is, it mostly focuses on
+implementing HTTP at the level of taking bytes on and off the wire,
+and the headers related to that, and tries to be anal about spec
+conformance. It doesn't know about higher-level concerns like URL
+routing, conditional GETs, cross-origin cookie policies, or content
+negotiation. But it does know how to take care of framing,
+cross-version differences in keep-alive handling, and the "obsolete
+line folding" rule, so you can focus your energies on the hard /
+interesting parts for your application, and it tries to support the
+full specification in the sense that any useful HTTP/1.1 conformant
+application should be able to use h11.
+
+It's pure Python, and has no dependencies outside of the standard
+library.
+
+It has a test suite with 100.0% coverage for both statements and
+branches.
+
+Currently it supports Python 3 (testing on 3.8-3.12) and PyPy 3.
+The last Python 2-compatible version was h11 0.11.x.
+(Originally it had a Cython wrapper for `http-parser
+<https://github.com/nodejs/http-parser>`_ and a beautiful nested state
+machine implemented with ``yield from`` to postprocess the output. But
+I had to take these out -- the new *parser* needs fewer lines-of-code
+than the old *parser wrapper*, is written in pure Python, uses no
+exotic language syntax, and has more features. It's sad, really; that
+old state machine was really slick. I just need a few sentences here
+to mourn that.)
+
+I don't know how fast it is. I haven't benchmarked or profiled it yet,
+so it's probably got a few pointless hot spots, and I've been trying
+to err on the side of simplicity and robustness instead of
+micro-optimization. But at the architectural level I tried hard to
+avoid fundamentally bad decisions, e.g., I believe that all the
+parsing algorithms remain linear-time even in the face of pathological
+input like slowloris, and there are no byte-by-byte loops. (I also
+believe that it maintains bounded memory usage in the face of
+arbitrary/pathological input.)
+
+The whole library is ~800 lines-of-code. You can read and understand
+the whole thing in less than an hour. Most of the energy invested in
+this so far has been spent on trying to keep things simple by
+minimizing special-cases and ad hoc state manipulation; even though it
+is now quite small and simple, I'm still annoyed that I haven't
+figured out how to make it even smaller and simpler. (Unfortunately,
+HTTP does not lend itself to simplicity.)
+
+The API is ~feature complete and I don't expect the general outlines
+to change much, but you can't judge an API's ergonomics until you
+actually document and use it, so I'd expect some changes in the
+details.
+
+*How do I try it?*
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+  $ pip install h11
+  $ git clone git@github.com:python-hyper/h11
+  $ cd h11/examples
+  $ python basic-client.py
+
+and go from there.
+
+*License?*
+
+MIT
+
+*Code of conduct?*
+
+Contributors are requested to follow our `code of conduct
+<https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md>`_ in
+all project spaces.
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/REQUESTED b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/REQUESTED
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diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1eb3c49d99559863120cfb8433fc8738fba43ba9
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+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (78.1.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f080eae848f759c9173bfc0c79506357ebe5090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Nathaniel J. Smith <njs@pobox.com> and other contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d24def711344ec6f4da2108f7d5c9261eb35f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+h11
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..989e92c3458681a6f0be72ae4105ea742750d328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# A highish-level implementation of the HTTP/1.1 wire protocol (RFC 7230),
+# containing no networking code at all, loosely modelled on hyper-h2's generic
+# implementation of HTTP/2 (and in particular the h2.connection.H2Connection
+# class). There's still a bunch of subtle details you need to get right if you
+# want to make this actually useful, because it doesn't implement all the
+# semantics to check that what you're asking to write to the wire is sensible,
+# but at least it gets you out of dealing with the wire itself.
+
+from h11._connection import Connection, NEED_DATA, PAUSED
+from h11._events import (
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    Data,
+    EndOfMessage,
+    Event,
+    InformationalResponse,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+)
+from h11._state import (
+    CLIENT,
+    CLOSED,
+    DONE,
+    ERROR,
+    IDLE,
+    MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL,
+    MUST_CLOSE,
+    SEND_BODY,
+    SEND_RESPONSE,
+    SERVER,
+    SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+)
+from h11._util import LocalProtocolError, ProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError
+from h11._version import __version__
+
+PRODUCT_ID = "python-h11/" + __version__
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    "Connection",
+    "NEED_DATA",
+    "PAUSED",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+    "Data",
+    "EndOfMessage",
+    "Event",
+    "InformationalResponse",
+    "Request",
+    "Response",
+    "CLIENT",
+    "CLOSED",
+    "DONE",
+    "ERROR",
+    "IDLE",
+    "MUST_CLOSE",
+    "SEND_BODY",
+    "SEND_RESPONSE",
+    "SERVER",
+    "SWITCHED_PROTOCOL",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_abnf.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_abnf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..933587fba22290d7eb7df4c88e12f1e61702b8ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_abnf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+# We use native strings for all the re patterns, to take advantage of string
+# formatting, and then convert to bytestrings when compiling the final re
+# objects.
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#whitespace
+#  OWS            = *( SP / HTAB )
+#                 ; optional whitespace
+OWS = r"[ \t]*"
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#rule.token.separators
+#   token          = 1*tchar
+#
+#   tchar          = "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "*"
+#                  / "+" / "-" / "." / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
+#                  / DIGIT / ALPHA
+#                  ; any VCHAR, except delimiters
+token = r"[-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+"
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#header.fields
+#  field-name     = token
+field_name = token
+
+# The standard says:
+#
+#  field-value    = *( field-content / obs-fold )
+#  field-content  = field-vchar [ 1*( SP / HTAB ) field-vchar ]
+#  field-vchar    = VCHAR / obs-text
+#  obs-fold       = CRLF 1*( SP / HTAB )
+#                 ; obsolete line folding
+#                 ; see Section 3.2.4
+#
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234#appendix-B.1
+#
+#   VCHAR          =  %x21-7E
+#                  ; visible (printing) characters
+#
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#rule.quoted-string
+#   obs-text       = %x80-FF
+#
+# However, the standard definition of field-content is WRONG! It disallows
+# fields containing a single visible character surrounded by whitespace,
+# e.g. "foo a bar".
+#
+# See: https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=7230&eid=4189
+#
+# So our definition of field_content attempts to fix it up...
+#
+# Also, we allow lots of control characters, because apparently people assume
+# that they're legal in practice (e.g., google analytics makes cookies with
+# \x01 in them!):
+#   https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/issues/57
+# We still don't allow NUL or whitespace, because those are often treated as
+# meta-characters and letting them through can lead to nasty issues like SSRF.
+vchar = r"[\x21-\x7e]"
+vchar_or_obs_text = r"[^\x00\s]"
+field_vchar = vchar_or_obs_text
+field_content = r"{field_vchar}+(?:[ \t]+{field_vchar}+)*".format(**globals())
+
+# We handle obs-fold at a different level, and our fixed-up field_content
+# already grows to swallow the whole value, so ? instead of *
+field_value = r"({field_content})?".format(**globals())
+
+#  header-field   = field-name ":" OWS field-value OWS
+header_field = (
+    r"(?P<field_name>{field_name})"
+    r":"
+    r"{OWS}"
+    r"(?P<field_value>{field_value})"
+    r"{OWS}".format(**globals())
+)
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#request.line
+#
+#   request-line   = method SP request-target SP HTTP-version CRLF
+#   method         = token
+#   HTTP-version   = HTTP-name "/" DIGIT "." DIGIT
+#   HTTP-name      = %x48.54.54.50 ; "HTTP", case-sensitive
+#
+# request-target is complicated (see RFC 7230 sec 5.3) -- could be path, full
+# URL, host+port (for connect), or even "*", but in any case we are guaranteed
+# that it contists of the visible printing characters.
+method = token
+request_target = r"{vchar}+".format(**globals())
+http_version = r"HTTP/(?P<http_version>[0-9]\.[0-9])"
+request_line = (
+    r"(?P<method>{method})"
+    r" "
+    r"(?P<target>{request_target})"
+    r" "
+    r"{http_version}".format(**globals())
+)
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#status.line
+#
+#   status-line = HTTP-version SP status-code SP reason-phrase CRLF
+#   status-code    = 3DIGIT
+#   reason-phrase  = *( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )
+status_code = r"[0-9]{3}"
+reason_phrase = r"([ \t]|{vchar_or_obs_text})*".format(**globals())
+status_line = (
+    r"{http_version}"
+    r" "
+    r"(?P<status_code>{status_code})"
+    # However, there are apparently a few too many servers out there that just
+    # leave out the reason phrase:
+    #   https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/345#issuecomment-281756036
+    #   https://github.com/seanmonstar/httparse/issues/29
+    # so make it optional. ?: is a non-capturing group.
+    r"(?: (?P<reason>{reason_phrase}))?".format(**globals())
+)
+
+HEXDIG = r"[0-9A-Fa-f]"
+# Actually
+#
+#      chunk-size     = 1*HEXDIG
+#
+# but we impose an upper-limit to avoid ridiculosity. len(str(2**64)) == 20
+chunk_size = r"({HEXDIG}){{1,20}}".format(**globals())
+# Actually
+#
+#     chunk-ext      = *( ";" chunk-ext-name [ "=" chunk-ext-val ] )
+#
+# but we aren't parsing the things so we don't really care.
+chunk_ext = r";.*"
+chunk_header = (
+    r"(?P<chunk_size>{chunk_size})"
+    r"(?P<chunk_ext>{chunk_ext})?"
+    r"{OWS}\r\n".format(
+        **globals()
+    )  # Even though the specification does not allow for extra whitespaces,
+    # we are lenient with trailing whitespaces because some servers on the wild use it.
+)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_connection.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e37d82a82a882c072cb938a90eb4486b51cdad99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
+# This contains the main Connection class. Everything in h11 revolves around
+# this.
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    cast,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    overload,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from ._events import (
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    Data,
+    EndOfMessage,
+    Event,
+    InformationalResponse,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+)
+from ._headers import get_comma_header, has_expect_100_continue, set_comma_header
+from ._readers import READERS, ReadersType
+from ._receivebuffer import ReceiveBuffer
+from ._state import (
+    _SWITCH_CONNECT,
+    _SWITCH_UPGRADE,
+    CLIENT,
+    ConnectionState,
+    DONE,
+    ERROR,
+    MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL,
+    SEND_BODY,
+    SERVER,
+    SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+)
+from ._util import (  # Import the internal things we need
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    Sentinel,
+)
+from ._writers import WRITERS, WritersType
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = ["Connection", "NEED_DATA", "PAUSED"]
+
+
+class NEED_DATA(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class PAUSED(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+# If we ever have this much buffered without it making a complete parseable
+# event, we error out. The only time we really buffer is when reading the
+# request/response line + headers together, so this is effectively the limit on
+# the size of that.
+#
+# Some precedents for defaults:
+# - node.js: 80 * 1024
+# - tomcat: 8 * 1024
+# - IIS: 16 * 1024
+# - Apache: <8 KiB per line>
+DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE = 16 * 1024
+
+
+# RFC 7230's rules for connection lifecycles:
+# - If either side says they want to close the connection, then the connection
+#   must close.
+# - HTTP/1.1 defaults to keep-alive unless someone says Connection: close
+# - HTTP/1.0 defaults to close unless both sides say Connection: keep-alive
+#   (and even this is a mess -- e.g. if you're implementing a proxy then
+#   sending Connection: keep-alive is forbidden).
+#
+# We simplify life by simply not supporting keep-alive with HTTP/1.0 peers. So
+# our rule is:
+# - If someone says Connection: close, we will close
+# - If someone uses HTTP/1.0, we will close.
+def _keep_alive(event: Union[Request, Response]) -> bool:
+    connection = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"connection")
+    if b"close" in connection:
+        return False
+    if getattr(event, "http_version", b"1.1") < b"1.1":
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _body_framing(
+    request_method: bytes, event: Union[Request, Response]
+) -> Tuple[str, Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[int]]]:
+    # Called when we enter SEND_BODY to figure out framing information for
+    # this body.
+    #
+    # These are the only two events that can trigger a SEND_BODY state:
+    assert type(event) in (Request, Response)
+    # Returns one of:
+    #
+    #    ("content-length", count)
+    #    ("chunked", ())
+    #    ("http/1.0", ())
+    #
+    # which are (lookup key, *args) for constructing body reader/writer
+    # objects.
+    #
+    # Reference: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.3
+    #
+    # Step 1: some responses always have an empty body, regardless of what the
+    # headers say.
+    if type(event) is Response:
+        if (
+            event.status_code in (204, 304)
+            or request_method == b"HEAD"
+            or (request_method == b"CONNECT" and 200 <= event.status_code < 300)
+        ):
+            return ("content-length", (0,))
+        # Section 3.3.3 also lists another case -- responses with status_code
+        # < 200. For us these are InformationalResponses, not Responses, so
+        # they can't get into this function in the first place.
+        assert event.status_code >= 200
+
+    # Step 2: check for Transfer-Encoding (T-E beats C-L):
+    transfer_encodings = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"transfer-encoding")
+    if transfer_encodings:
+        assert transfer_encodings == [b"chunked"]
+        return ("chunked", ())
+
+    # Step 3: check for Content-Length
+    content_lengths = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"content-length")
+    if content_lengths:
+        return ("content-length", (int(content_lengths[0]),))
+
+    # Step 4: no applicable headers; fallback/default depends on type
+    if type(event) is Request:
+        return ("content-length", (0,))
+    else:
+        return ("http/1.0", ())
+
+
+################################################################
+#
+# The main Connection class
+#
+################################################################
+
+
+class Connection:
+    """An object encapsulating the state of an HTTP connection.
+
+    Args:
+        our_role: If you're implementing a client, pass :data:`h11.CLIENT`. If
+            you're implementing a server, pass :data:`h11.SERVER`.
+
+        max_incomplete_event_size (int):
+            The maximum number of bytes we're willing to buffer of an
+            incomplete event. In practice this mostly sets a limit on the
+            maximum size of the request/response line + headers. If this is
+            exceeded, then :meth:`next_event` will raise
+            :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        our_role: Type[Sentinel],
+        max_incomplete_event_size: int = DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._max_incomplete_event_size = max_incomplete_event_size
+        # State and role tracking
+        if our_role not in (CLIENT, SERVER):
+            raise ValueError(f"expected CLIENT or SERVER, not {our_role!r}")
+        self.our_role = our_role
+        self.their_role: Type[Sentinel]
+        if our_role is CLIENT:
+            self.their_role = SERVER
+        else:
+            self.their_role = CLIENT
+        self._cstate = ConnectionState()
+
+        # Callables for converting data->events or vice-versa given the
+        # current state
+        self._writer = self._get_io_object(self.our_role, None, WRITERS)
+        self._reader = self._get_io_object(self.their_role, None, READERS)
+
+        # Holds any unprocessed received data
+        self._receive_buffer = ReceiveBuffer()
+        # If this is true, then it indicates that the incoming connection was
+        # closed *after* the end of whatever's in self._receive_buffer:
+        self._receive_buffer_closed = False
+
+        # Extra bits of state that don't fit into the state machine.
+        #
+        # These two are only used to interpret framing headers for figuring
+        # out how to read/write response bodies. their_http_version is also
+        # made available as a convenient public API.
+        self.their_http_version: Optional[bytes] = None
+        self._request_method: Optional[bytes] = None
+        # This is pure flow-control and doesn't at all affect the set of legal
+        # transitions, so no need to bother ConnectionState with it:
+        self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+    @property
+    def states(self) -> Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]]:
+        """A dictionary like::
+
+           {CLIENT: <client state>, SERVER: <server state>}
+
+        See :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+
+        """
+        return dict(self._cstate.states)
+
+    @property
+    def our_state(self) -> Type[Sentinel]:
+        """The current state of whichever role we are playing. See
+        :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+        """
+        return self._cstate.states[self.our_role]
+
+    @property
+    def their_state(self) -> Type[Sentinel]:
+        """The current state of whichever role we are NOT playing. See
+        :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+        """
+        return self._cstate.states[self.their_role]
+
+    @property
+    def they_are_waiting_for_100_continue(self) -> bool:
+        return self.their_role is CLIENT and self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+
+    def start_next_cycle(self) -> None:
+        """Attempt to reset our connection state for a new request/response
+        cycle.
+
+        If both client and server are in :data:`DONE` state, then resets them
+        both to :data:`IDLE` state in preparation for a new request/response
+        cycle on this same connection. Otherwise, raises a
+        :exc:`LocalProtocolError`.
+
+        See :ref:`keepalive-and-pipelining`.
+
+        """
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        self._cstate.start_next_cycle()
+        self._request_method = None
+        # self.their_http_version gets left alone, since it presumably lasts
+        # beyond a single request/response cycle
+        assert not self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states)
+
+    def _process_error(self, role: Type[Sentinel]) -> None:
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        self._cstate.process_error(role)
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states)
+
+    def _server_switch_event(self, event: Event) -> Optional[Type[Sentinel]]:
+        if type(event) is InformationalResponse and event.status_code == 101:
+            return _SWITCH_UPGRADE
+        if type(event) is Response:
+            if (
+                _SWITCH_CONNECT in self._cstate.pending_switch_proposals
+                and 200 <= event.status_code < 300
+            ):
+                return _SWITCH_CONNECT
+        return None
+
+    # All events go through here
+    def _process_event(self, role: Type[Sentinel], event: Event) -> None:
+        # First, pass the event through the state machine to make sure it
+        # succeeds.
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        if role is CLIENT and type(event) is Request:
+            if event.method == b"CONNECT":
+                self._cstate.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_CONNECT)
+            if get_comma_header(event.headers, b"upgrade"):
+                self._cstate.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_UPGRADE)
+        server_switch_event = None
+        if role is SERVER:
+            server_switch_event = self._server_switch_event(event)
+        self._cstate.process_event(role, type(event), server_switch_event)
+
+        # Then perform the updates triggered by it.
+
+        if type(event) is Request:
+            self._request_method = event.method
+
+        if role is self.their_role and type(event) in (
+            Request,
+            Response,
+            InformationalResponse,
+        ):
+            event = cast(Union[Request, Response, InformationalResponse], event)
+            self.their_http_version = event.http_version
+
+        # Keep alive handling
+        #
+        # RFC 7230 doesn't really say what one should do if Connection: close
+        # shows up on a 1xx InformationalResponse. I think the idea is that
+        # this is not supposed to happen. In any case, if it does happen, we
+        # ignore it.
+        if type(event) in (Request, Response) and not _keep_alive(
+            cast(Union[Request, Response], event)
+        ):
+            self._cstate.process_keep_alive_disabled()
+
+        # 100-continue
+        if type(event) is Request and has_expect_100_continue(event):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = True
+        if type(event) in (InformationalResponse, Response):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+        if role is CLIENT and type(event) in (Data, EndOfMessage):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states, event)
+
+    def _get_io_object(
+        self,
+        role: Type[Sentinel],
+        event: Optional[Event],
+        io_dict: Union[ReadersType, WritersType],
+    ) -> Optional[Callable[..., Any]]:
+        # event may be None; it's only used when entering SEND_BODY
+        state = self._cstate.states[role]
+        if state is SEND_BODY:
+            # Special case: the io_dict has a dict of reader/writer factories
+            # that depend on the request/response framing.
+            framing_type, args = _body_framing(
+                cast(bytes, self._request_method), cast(Union[Request, Response], event)
+            )
+            return io_dict[SEND_BODY][framing_type](*args)  # type: ignore[index]
+        else:
+            # General case: the io_dict just has the appropriate reader/writer
+            # for this state
+            return io_dict.get((role, state))  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    # This must be called after any action that might have caused
+    # self._cstate.states to change.
+    def _respond_to_state_changes(
+        self,
+        old_states: Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]],
+        event: Optional[Event] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Update reader/writer
+        if self.our_state != old_states[self.our_role]:
+            self._writer = self._get_io_object(self.our_role, event, WRITERS)
+        if self.their_state != old_states[self.their_role]:
+            self._reader = self._get_io_object(self.their_role, event, READERS)
+
+    @property
+    def trailing_data(self) -> Tuple[bytes, bool]:
+        """Data that has been received, but not yet processed, represented as
+        a tuple with two elements, where the first is a byte-string containing
+        the unprocessed data itself, and the second is a bool that is True if
+        the receive connection was closed.
+
+        See :ref:`switching-protocols` for discussion of why you'd want this.
+        """
+        return (bytes(self._receive_buffer), self._receive_buffer_closed)
+
+    def receive_data(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """Add data to our internal receive buffer.
+
+        This does not actually do any processing on the data, just stores
+        it. To trigger processing, you have to call :meth:`next_event`.
+
+        Args:
+            data (:term:`bytes-like object`):
+                The new data that was just received.
+
+                Special case: If *data* is an empty byte-string like ``b""``,
+                then this indicates that the remote side has closed the
+                connection (end of file). Normally this is convenient, because
+                standard Python APIs like :meth:`file.read` or
+                :meth:`socket.recv` use ``b""`` to indicate end-of-file, while
+                other failures to read are indicated using other mechanisms
+                like raising :exc:`TimeoutError`. When using such an API you
+                can just blindly pass through whatever you get from ``read``
+                to :meth:`receive_data`, and everything will work.
+
+                But, if you have an API where reading an empty string is a
+                valid non-EOF condition, then you need to be aware of this and
+                make sure to check for such strings and avoid passing them to
+                :meth:`receive_data`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing, but after calling this you should call :meth:`next_event`
+            to parse the newly received data.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError:
+                Raised if you pass an empty *data*, indicating EOF, and then
+                pass a non-empty *data*, indicating more data that somehow
+                arrived after the EOF.
+
+                (Calling ``receive_data(b"")`` multiple times is fine,
+                and equivalent to calling it once.)
+
+        """
+        if data:
+            if self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                raise RuntimeError("received close, then received more data?")
+            self._receive_buffer += data
+        else:
+            self._receive_buffer_closed = True
+
+    def _extract_next_receive_event(
+        self,
+    ) -> Union[Event, Type[NEED_DATA], Type[PAUSED]]:
+        state = self.their_state
+        # We don't pause immediately when they enter DONE, because even in
+        # DONE state we can still process a ConnectionClosed() event. But
+        # if we have data in our buffer, then we definitely aren't getting
+        # a ConnectionClosed() immediately and we need to pause.
+        if state is DONE and self._receive_buffer:
+            return PAUSED
+        if state is MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL or state is SWITCHED_PROTOCOL:
+            return PAUSED
+        assert self._reader is not None
+        event = self._reader(self._receive_buffer)
+        if event is None:
+            if not self._receive_buffer and self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                # In some unusual cases (basically just HTTP/1.0 bodies), EOF
+                # triggers an actual protocol event; in that case, we want to
+                # return that event, and then the state will change and we'll
+                # get called again to generate the actual ConnectionClosed().
+                if hasattr(self._reader, "read_eof"):
+                    event = self._reader.read_eof()
+                else:
+                    event = ConnectionClosed()
+        if event is None:
+            event = NEED_DATA
+        return event  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def next_event(self) -> Union[Event, Type[NEED_DATA], Type[PAUSED]]:
+        """Parse the next event out of our receive buffer, update our internal
+        state, and return it.
+
+        This is a mutating operation -- think of it like calling :func:`next`
+        on an iterator.
+
+        Returns:
+            : One of three things:
+
+            1) An event object -- see :ref:`events`.
+
+            2) The special constant :data:`NEED_DATA`, which indicates that
+               you need to read more data from your socket and pass it to
+               :meth:`receive_data` before this method will be able to return
+               any more events.
+
+            3) The special constant :data:`PAUSED`, which indicates that we
+               are not in a state where we can process incoming data (usually
+               because the peer has finished their part of the current
+               request/response cycle, and you have not yet called
+               :meth:`start_next_cycle`). See :ref:`flow-control` for details.
+
+        Raises:
+            RemoteProtocolError:
+                The peer has misbehaved. You should close the connection
+                (possibly after sending some kind of 4xx response).
+
+        Once this method returns :class:`ConnectionClosed` once, then all
+        subsequent calls will also return :class:`ConnectionClosed`.
+
+        If this method raises any exception besides :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`
+        then that's a bug -- if it happens please file a bug report!
+
+        If this method raises any exception then it also sets
+        :attr:`Connection.their_state` to :data:`ERROR` -- see
+        :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+
+        if self.their_state is ERROR:
+            raise RemoteProtocolError("Can't receive data when peer state is ERROR")
+        try:
+            event = self._extract_next_receive_event()
+            if event not in [NEED_DATA, PAUSED]:
+                self._process_event(self.their_role, cast(Event, event))
+            if event is NEED_DATA:
+                if len(self._receive_buffer) > self._max_incomplete_event_size:
+                    # 431 is "Request header fields too large" which is pretty
+                    # much the only situation where we can get here
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(
+                        "Receive buffer too long", error_status_hint=431
+                    )
+                if self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                    # We're still trying to complete some event, but that's
+                    # never going to happen because no more data is coming
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError("peer unexpectedly closed connection")
+            return event
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._process_error(self.their_role)
+            if isinstance(exc, LocalProtocolError):
+                exc._reraise_as_remote_protocol_error()
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    @overload
+    def send(self, event: ConnectionClosed) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def send(
+        self, event: Union[Request, InformationalResponse, Response, Data, EndOfMessage]
+    ) -> bytes:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def send(self, event: Event) -> Optional[bytes]:
+        ...
+
+    def send(self, event: Event) -> Optional[bytes]:
+        """Convert a high-level event into bytes that can be sent to the peer,
+        while updating our internal state machine.
+
+        Args:
+            event: The :ref:`event <events>` to send.
+
+        Returns:
+            If ``type(event) is ConnectionClosed``, then returns
+            ``None``. Otherwise, returns a :term:`bytes-like object`.
+
+        Raises:
+            LocalProtocolError:
+                Sending this event at this time would violate our
+                understanding of the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
+
+        If this method raises any exception then it also sets
+        :attr:`Connection.our_state` to :data:`ERROR` -- see
+        :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        data_list = self.send_with_data_passthrough(event)
+        if data_list is None:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return b"".join(data_list)
+
+    def send_with_data_passthrough(self, event: Event) -> Optional[List[bytes]]:
+        """Identical to :meth:`send`, except that in situations where
+        :meth:`send` returns a single :term:`bytes-like object`, this instead
+        returns a list of them -- and when sending a :class:`Data` event, this
+        list is guaranteed to contain the exact object you passed in as
+        :attr:`Data.data`. See :ref:`sendfile` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        if self.our_state is ERROR:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Can't send data when our state is ERROR")
+        try:
+            if type(event) is Response:
+                event = self._clean_up_response_headers_for_sending(event)
+            # We want to call _process_event before calling the writer,
+            # because if someone tries to do something invalid then this will
+            # give a sensible error message, while our writers all just assume
+            # they will only receive valid events. But, _process_event might
+            # change self._writer. So we have to do a little dance:
+            writer = self._writer
+            self._process_event(self.our_role, event)
+            if type(event) is ConnectionClosed:
+                return None
+            else:
+                # In any situation where writer is None, process_event should
+                # have raised ProtocolError
+                assert writer is not None
+                data_list: List[bytes] = []
+                writer(event, data_list.append)
+                return data_list
+        except:
+            self._process_error(self.our_role)
+            raise
+
+    def send_failed(self) -> None:
+        """Notify the state machine that we failed to send the data it gave
+        us.
+
+        This causes :attr:`Connection.our_state` to immediately become
+        :data:`ERROR` -- see :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        self._process_error(self.our_role)
+
+    # When sending a Response, we take responsibility for a few things:
+    #
+    # - Sometimes you MUST set Connection: close. We take care of those
+    #   times. (You can also set it yourself if you want, and if you do then
+    #   we'll respect that and close the connection at the right time. But you
+    #   don't have to worry about that unless you want to.)
+    #
+    # - The user has to set Content-Length if they want it. Otherwise, for
+    #   responses that have bodies (e.g. not HEAD), then we will automatically
+    #   select the right mechanism for streaming a body of unknown length,
+    #   which depends on depending on the peer's HTTP version.
+    #
+    # This function's *only* responsibility is making sure headers are set up
+    # right -- everything downstream just looks at the headers. There are no
+    # side channels.
+    def _clean_up_response_headers_for_sending(self, response: Response) -> Response:
+        assert type(response) is Response
+
+        headers = response.headers
+        need_close = False
+
+        # HEAD requests need some special handling: they always act like they
+        # have Content-Length: 0, and that's how _body_framing treats
+        # them. But their headers are supposed to match what we would send if
+        # the request was a GET. (Technically there is one deviation allowed:
+        # we're allowed to leave out the framing headers -- see
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3.2 . But it's just as
+        # easy to get them right.)
+        method_for_choosing_headers = cast(bytes, self._request_method)
+        if method_for_choosing_headers == b"HEAD":
+            method_for_choosing_headers = b"GET"
+        framing_type, _ = _body_framing(method_for_choosing_headers, response)
+        if framing_type in ("chunked", "http/1.0"):
+            # This response has a body of unknown length.
+            # If our peer is HTTP/1.1, we use Transfer-Encoding: chunked
+            # If our peer is HTTP/1.0, we use no framing headers, and close the
+            # connection afterwards.
+            #
+            # Make sure to clear Content-Length (in principle user could have
+            # set both and then we ignored Content-Length b/c
+            # Transfer-Encoding overwrote it -- this would be naughty of them,
+            # but the HTTP spec says that if our peer does this then we have
+            # to fix it instead of erroring out, so we'll accord the user the
+            # same respect).
+            headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"content-length", [])
+            if self.their_http_version is None or self.their_http_version < b"1.1":
+                # Either we never got a valid request and are sending back an
+                # error (their_http_version is None), so we assume the worst;
+                # or else we did get a valid HTTP/1.0 request, so we know that
+                # they don't understand chunked encoding.
+                headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"transfer-encoding", [])
+                # This is actually redundant ATM, since currently we
+                # unconditionally disable keep-alive when talking to HTTP/1.0
+                # peers. But let's be defensive just in case we add
+                # Connection: keep-alive support later:
+                if self._request_method != b"HEAD":
+                    need_close = True
+            else:
+                headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"transfer-encoding", [b"chunked"])
+
+        if not self._cstate.keep_alive or need_close:
+            # Make sure Connection: close is set
+            connection = set(get_comma_header(headers, b"connection"))
+            connection.discard(b"keep-alive")
+            connection.add(b"close")
+            headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"connection", sorted(connection))
+
+        return Response(
+            headers=headers,
+            status_code=response.status_code,
+            http_version=response.http_version,
+            reason=response.reason,
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_events.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca1c3adbde2c4e7710482a18e3471f91f1da610e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+# High level events that make up HTTP/1.1 conversations. Loosely inspired by
+# the corresponding events in hyper-h2:
+#
+#     http://python-hyper.org/h2/en/stable/api.html#events
+#
+# Don't subclass these. Stuff will break.
+
+import re
+from abc import ABC
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+
+from ._abnf import method, request_target
+from ._headers import Headers, normalize_and_validate
+from ._util import bytesify, LocalProtocolError, validate
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = [
+    "Event",
+    "Request",
+    "InformationalResponse",
+    "Response",
+    "Data",
+    "EndOfMessage",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+]
+
+method_re = re.compile(method.encode("ascii"))
+request_target_re = re.compile(request_target.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class Event(ABC):
+    """
+    Base class for h11 events.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class Request(Event):
+    """The beginning of an HTTP request.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: method
+
+       An HTTP method, e.g. ``b"GET"`` or ``b"POST"``. Always a byte
+       string. :term:`Bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>` and native
+       strings containing only ascii characters will be automatically
+       converted to byte strings.
+
+    .. attribute:: target
+
+       The target of an HTTP request, e.g. ``b"/index.html"``, or one of the
+       more exotic formats described in `RFC 7320, section 5.3
+       <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-5.3>`_. Always a byte
+       string. :term:`Bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>` and native
+       strings containing only ascii characters will be automatically
+       converted to byte strings.
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("method", "headers", "target", "http_version")
+
+    method: bytes
+    headers: Headers
+    target: bytes
+    http_version: bytes
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        method: Union[bytes, str],
+        headers: Union[Headers, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]], List[Tuple[str, str]]],
+        target: Union[bytes, str],
+        http_version: Union[bytes, str] = b"1.1",
+        _parsed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        if isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            object.__setattr__(self, "headers", headers)
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(
+                self, "headers", normalize_and_validate(headers, _parsed=_parsed)
+            )
+        if not _parsed:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "method", bytesify(method))
+            object.__setattr__(self, "target", bytesify(target))
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", bytesify(http_version))
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "method", method)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "target", target)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", http_version)
+
+        # "A server MUST respond with a 400 (Bad Request) status code to any
+        # HTTP/1.1 request message that lacks a Host header field and to any
+        # request message that contains more than one Host header field or a
+        # Host header field with an invalid field-value."
+        # -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-5.4
+        host_count = 0
+        for name, value in self.headers:
+            if name == b"host":
+                host_count += 1
+        if self.http_version == b"1.1" and host_count == 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Missing mandatory Host: header")
+        if host_count > 1:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Found multiple Host: headers")
+
+        validate(method_re, self.method, "Illegal method characters")
+        validate(request_target_re, self.target, "Illegal target characters")
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class _ResponseBase(Event):
+    __slots__ = ("headers", "http_version", "reason", "status_code")
+
+    headers: Headers
+    http_version: bytes
+    reason: bytes
+    status_code: int
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        headers: Union[Headers, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]], List[Tuple[str, str]]],
+        status_code: int,
+        http_version: Union[bytes, str] = b"1.1",
+        reason: Union[bytes, str] = b"",
+        _parsed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        if isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            object.__setattr__(self, "headers", headers)
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(
+                self, "headers", normalize_and_validate(headers, _parsed=_parsed)
+            )
+        if not _parsed:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "reason", bytesify(reason))
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", bytesify(http_version))
+            if not isinstance(status_code, int):
+                raise LocalProtocolError("status code must be integer")
+            # Because IntEnum objects are instances of int, but aren't
+            # duck-compatible (sigh), see gh-72.
+            object.__setattr__(self, "status_code", int(status_code))
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "reason", reason)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", http_version)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "status_code", status_code)
+
+        self.__post_init__()
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class InformationalResponse(_ResponseBase):
+    """An HTTP informational response.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: status_code
+
+       The status code of this response, as an integer. For an
+       :class:`InformationalResponse`, this is always in the range [100,
+       200).
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for
+       details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: reason
+
+       The reason phrase of this response, as a byte string. For example:
+       ``b"OK"``, or ``b"Not Found"``.
+
+    """
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if not (100 <= self.status_code < 200):
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "InformationalResponse status_code should be in range "
+                "[100, 200), not {}".format(self.status_code)
+            )
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class Response(_ResponseBase):
+    """The beginning of an HTTP response.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: status_code
+
+       The status code of this response, as an integer. For an
+       :class:`Response`, this is always in the range [200,
+       1000).
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: reason
+
+       The reason phrase of this response, as a byte string. For example:
+       ``b"OK"``, or ``b"Not Found"``.
+
+    """
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if not (200 <= self.status_code < 1000):
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "Response status_code should be in range [200, 1000), not {}".format(
+                    self.status_code
+                )
+            )
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class Data(Event):
+    """Part of an HTTP message body.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: data
+
+       A :term:`bytes-like object` containing part of a message body. Or, if
+       using the ``combine=False`` argument to :meth:`Connection.send`, then
+       any object that your socket writing code knows what to do with, and for
+       which calling :func:`len` returns the number of bytes that will be
+       written -- see :ref:`sendfile` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: chunk_start
+
+       A marker that indicates whether this data object is from the start of a
+       chunked transfer encoding chunk. This field is ignored when when a Data
+       event is provided to :meth:`Connection.send`: it is only valid on
+       events emitted from :meth:`Connection.next_event`. You probably
+       shouldn't use this attribute at all; see
+       :ref:`chunk-delimiters-are-bad` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: chunk_end
+
+       A marker that indicates whether this data object is the last for a
+       given chunked transfer encoding chunk. This field is ignored when when
+       a Data event is provided to :meth:`Connection.send`: it is only valid
+       on events emitted from :meth:`Connection.next_event`. You probably
+       shouldn't use this attribute at all; see
+       :ref:`chunk-delimiters-are-bad` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("data", "chunk_start", "chunk_end")
+
+    data: bytes
+    chunk_start: bool
+    chunk_end: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, data: bytes, chunk_start: bool = False, chunk_end: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        object.__setattr__(self, "data", data)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "chunk_start", chunk_start)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "chunk_end", chunk_end)
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+# XX FIXME: "A recipient MUST ignore (or consider as an error) any fields that
+# are forbidden to be sent in a trailer, since processing them as if they were
+# present in the header section might bypass external security filters."
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#chunked.trailer.part
+# Unfortunately, the list of forbidden fields is long and vague :-/
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class EndOfMessage(Event):
+    """The end of an HTTP message.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Default value: ``[]``
+
+       Any trailing headers attached to this message, represented as a list of
+       (name, value) pairs. See :ref:`the header normalization rules
+       <headers-format>` for details.
+
+       Must be empty unless ``Transfer-Encoding: chunked`` is in use.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("headers",)
+
+    headers: Headers
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        headers: Union[
+            Headers, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]], List[Tuple[str, str]], None
+        ] = None,
+        _parsed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = Headers([])
+        elif not isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            headers = normalize_and_validate(headers, _parsed=_parsed)
+
+        object.__setattr__(self, "headers", headers)
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ConnectionClosed(Event):
+    """This event indicates that the sender has closed their outgoing
+    connection.
+
+    Note that this does not necessarily mean that they can't *receive* further
+    data, because TCP connections are composed to two one-way channels which
+    can be closed independently. See :ref:`closing` for details.
+
+    No fields.
+    """
+
+    pass
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_headers.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_headers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..31da3e2b23b55a624b36f105e62a6902e63286aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_headers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+import re
+from typing import AnyStr, cast, List, overload, Sequence, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+
+from ._abnf import field_name, field_value
+from ._util import bytesify, LocalProtocolError, validate
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._events import Request
+
+try:
+    from typing import Literal
+except ImportError:
+    from typing_extensions import Literal  # type: ignore
+
+CONTENT_LENGTH_MAX_DIGITS = 20  # allow up to 1 billion TB - 1
+
+
+# Facts
+# -----
+#
+# Headers are:
+#   keys: case-insensitive ascii
+#   values: mixture of ascii and raw bytes
+#
+# "Historically, HTTP has allowed field content with text in the ISO-8859-1
+# charset [ISO-8859-1], supporting other charsets only through use of
+# [RFC2047] encoding.  In practice, most HTTP header field values use only a
+# subset of the US-ASCII charset [USASCII]. Newly defined header fields SHOULD
+# limit their field values to US-ASCII octets.  A recipient SHOULD treat other
+# octets in field content (obs-text) as opaque data."
+# And it deprecates all non-ascii values
+#
+# Leading/trailing whitespace in header names is forbidden
+#
+# Values get leading/trailing whitespace stripped
+#
+# Content-Disposition actually needs to contain unicode semantically; to
+# accomplish this it has a terrifically weird way of encoding the filename
+# itself as ascii (and even this still has lots of cross-browser
+# incompatibilities)
+#
+# Order is important:
+# "a proxy MUST NOT change the order of these field values when forwarding a
+# message"
+# (and there are several headers where the order indicates a preference)
+#
+# Multiple occurences of the same header:
+# "A sender MUST NOT generate multiple header fields with the same field name
+# in a message unless either the entire field value for that header field is
+# defined as a comma-separated list [or the header is Set-Cookie which gets a
+# special exception]" - RFC 7230. (cookies are in RFC 6265)
+#
+# So every header aside from Set-Cookie can be merged by b", ".join if it
+# occurs repeatedly. But, of course, they can't necessarily be split by
+# .split(b","), because quoting.
+#
+# Given all this mess (case insensitive, duplicates allowed, order is
+# important, ...), there doesn't appear to be any standard way to handle
+# headers in Python -- they're almost like dicts, but... actually just
+# aren't. For now we punt and just use a super simple representation: headers
+# are a list of pairs
+#
+#   [(name1, value1), (name2, value2), ...]
+#
+# where all entries are bytestrings, names are lowercase and have no
+# leading/trailing whitespace, and values are bytestrings with no
+# leading/trailing whitespace. Searching and updating are done via naive O(n)
+# methods.
+#
+# Maybe a dict-of-lists would be better?
+
+_content_length_re = re.compile(rb"[0-9]+")
+_field_name_re = re.compile(field_name.encode("ascii"))
+_field_value_re = re.compile(field_value.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class Headers(Sequence[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]):
+    """
+    A list-like interface that allows iterating over headers as byte-pairs
+    of (lowercased-name, value).
+
+    Internally we actually store the representation as three-tuples,
+    including both the raw original casing, in order to preserve casing
+    over-the-wire, and the lowercased name, for case-insensitive comparisions.
+
+    r = Request(
+        method="GET",
+        target="/",
+        headers=[("Host", "example.org"), ("Connection", "keep-alive")],
+        http_version="1.1",
+    )
+    assert r.headers == [
+        (b"host", b"example.org"),
+        (b"connection", b"keep-alive")
+    ]
+    assert r.headers.raw_items() == [
+        (b"Host", b"example.org"),
+        (b"Connection", b"keep-alive")
+    ]
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_full_items"
+
+    def __init__(self, full_items: List[Tuple[bytes, bytes, bytes]]) -> None:
+        self._full_items = full_items
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._full_items)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return list(self) == list(other)  # type: ignore
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._full_items)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<Headers(%s)>" % repr(list(self))
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx: int) -> Tuple[bytes, bytes]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        _, name, value = self._full_items[idx]
+        return (name, value)
+
+    def raw_items(self) -> List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+        return [(raw_name, value) for raw_name, _, value in self._full_items]
+
+
+HeaderTypes = Union[
+    List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+    List[Tuple[bytes, str]],
+    List[Tuple[str, bytes]],
+    List[Tuple[str, str]],
+]
+
+
+@overload
+def normalize_and_validate(headers: Headers, _parsed: Literal[True]) -> Headers:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def normalize_and_validate(headers: HeaderTypes, _parsed: Literal[False]) -> Headers:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def normalize_and_validate(
+    headers: Union[Headers, HeaderTypes], _parsed: bool = False
+) -> Headers:
+    ...
+
+
+def normalize_and_validate(
+    headers: Union[Headers, HeaderTypes], _parsed: bool = False
+) -> Headers:
+    new_headers = []
+    seen_content_length = None
+    saw_transfer_encoding = False
+    for name, value in headers:
+        # For headers coming out of the parser, we can safely skip some steps,
+        # because it always returns bytes and has already run these regexes
+        # over the data:
+        if not _parsed:
+            name = bytesify(name)
+            value = bytesify(value)
+            validate(_field_name_re, name, "Illegal header name {!r}", name)
+            validate(_field_value_re, value, "Illegal header value {!r}", value)
+        assert isinstance(name, bytes)
+        assert isinstance(value, bytes)
+
+        raw_name = name
+        name = name.lower()
+        if name == b"content-length":
+            lengths = {length.strip() for length in value.split(b",")}
+            if len(lengths) != 1:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("conflicting Content-Length headers")
+            value = lengths.pop()
+            validate(_content_length_re, value, "bad Content-Length")
+            if len(value) > CONTENT_LENGTH_MAX_DIGITS:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("bad Content-Length")
+            if seen_content_length is None:
+                seen_content_length = value
+                new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+            elif seen_content_length != value:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("conflicting Content-Length headers")
+        elif name == b"transfer-encoding":
+            # "A server that receives a request message with a transfer coding
+            # it does not understand SHOULD respond with 501 (Not
+            # Implemented)."
+            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.1
+            if saw_transfer_encoding:
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "multiple Transfer-Encoding headers", error_status_hint=501
+                )
+            # "All transfer-coding names are case-insensitive"
+            # -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-4
+            value = value.lower()
+            if value != b"chunked":
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "Only Transfer-Encoding: chunked is supported",
+                    error_status_hint=501,
+                )
+            saw_transfer_encoding = True
+            new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+        else:
+            new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+    return Headers(new_headers)
+
+
+def get_comma_header(headers: Headers, name: bytes) -> List[bytes]:
+    # Should only be used for headers whose value is a list of
+    # comma-separated, case-insensitive values.
+    #
+    # The header name `name` is expected to be lower-case bytes.
+    #
+    # Connection: meets these criteria (including cast insensitivity).
+    #
+    # Content-Length: technically is just a single value (1*DIGIT), but the
+    # standard makes reference to implementations that do multiple values, and
+    # using this doesn't hurt. Ditto, case insensitivity doesn't things either
+    # way.
+    #
+    # Transfer-Encoding: is more complex (allows for quoted strings), so
+    # splitting on , is actually wrong. For example, this is legal:
+    #
+    #    Transfer-Encoding: foo; options="1,2", chunked
+    #
+    # and should be parsed as
+    #
+    #    foo; options="1,2"
+    #    chunked
+    #
+    # but this naive function will parse it as
+    #
+    #    foo; options="1
+    #    2"
+    #    chunked
+    #
+    # However, this is okay because the only thing we are going to do with
+    # any Transfer-Encoding is reject ones that aren't just "chunked", so
+    # both of these will be treated the same anyway.
+    #
+    # Expect: the only legal value is the literal string
+    # "100-continue". Splitting on commas is harmless. Case insensitive.
+    #
+    out: List[bytes] = []
+    for _, found_name, found_raw_value in headers._full_items:
+        if found_name == name:
+            found_raw_value = found_raw_value.lower()
+            for found_split_value in found_raw_value.split(b","):
+                found_split_value = found_split_value.strip()
+                if found_split_value:
+                    out.append(found_split_value)
+    return out
+
+
+def set_comma_header(headers: Headers, name: bytes, new_values: List[bytes]) -> Headers:
+    # The header name `name` is expected to be lower-case bytes.
+    #
+    # Note that when we store the header we use title casing for the header
+    # names, in order to match the conventional HTTP header style.
+    #
+    # Simply calling `.title()` is a blunt approach, but it's correct
+    # here given the cases where we're using `set_comma_header`...
+    #
+    # Connection, Content-Length, Transfer-Encoding.
+    new_headers: List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+    for found_raw_name, found_name, found_raw_value in headers._full_items:
+        if found_name != name:
+            new_headers.append((found_raw_name, found_raw_value))
+    for new_value in new_values:
+        new_headers.append((name.title(), new_value))
+    return normalize_and_validate(new_headers)
+
+
+def has_expect_100_continue(request: "Request") -> bool:
+    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.1.1
+    # "A server that receives a 100-continue expectation in an HTTP/1.0 request
+    # MUST ignore that expectation."
+    if request.http_version < b"1.1":
+        return False
+    expect = get_comma_header(request.headers, b"expect")
+    return b"100-continue" in expect
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_readers.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_readers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..576804cc282032526e0a932c9853d586a094bad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_readers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+# Code to read HTTP data
+#
+# Strategy: each reader is a callable which takes a ReceiveBuffer object, and
+# either:
+# 1) consumes some of it and returns an Event
+# 2) raises a LocalProtocolError (for consistency -- e.g. we call validate()
+#    and it might raise a LocalProtocolError, so simpler just to always use
+#    this)
+# 3) returns None, meaning "I need more data"
+#
+# If they have a .read_eof attribute, then this will be called if an EOF is
+# received -- but this is optional. Either way, the actual ConnectionClosed
+# event will be generated afterwards.
+#
+# READERS is a dict describing how to pick a reader. It maps states to either:
+# - a reader
+# - or, for body readers, a dict of per-framing reader factories
+
+import re
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, NoReturn, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from ._abnf import chunk_header, header_field, request_line, status_line
+from ._events import Data, EndOfMessage, InformationalResponse, Request, Response
+from ._receivebuffer import ReceiveBuffer
+from ._state import (
+    CLIENT,
+    CLOSED,
+    DONE,
+    IDLE,
+    MUST_CLOSE,
+    SEND_BODY,
+    SEND_RESPONSE,
+    SERVER,
+)
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError, Sentinel, validate
+
+__all__ = ["READERS"]
+
+header_field_re = re.compile(header_field.encode("ascii"))
+obs_fold_re = re.compile(rb"[ \t]+")
+
+
+def _obsolete_line_fold(lines: Iterable[bytes]) -> Iterable[bytes]:
+    it = iter(lines)
+    last: Optional[bytes] = None
+    for line in it:
+        match = obs_fold_re.match(line)
+        if match:
+            if last is None:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("continuation line at start of headers")
+            if not isinstance(last, bytearray):
+                # Cast to a mutable type, avoiding copy on append to ensure O(n) time
+                last = bytearray(last)
+            last += b" "
+            last += line[match.end() :]
+        else:
+            if last is not None:
+                yield last
+            last = line
+    if last is not None:
+        yield last
+
+
+def _decode_header_lines(
+    lines: Iterable[bytes],
+) -> Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    for line in _obsolete_line_fold(lines):
+        matches = validate(header_field_re, line, "illegal header line: {!r}", line)
+        yield (matches["field_name"], matches["field_value"])
+
+
+request_line_re = re.compile(request_line.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+def maybe_read_from_IDLE_client(buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Optional[Request]:
+    lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+    if lines is None:
+        if buf.is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line():
+            raise LocalProtocolError("illegal request line")
+        return None
+    if not lines:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("no request line received")
+    matches = validate(
+        request_line_re, lines[0], "illegal request line: {!r}", lines[0]
+    )
+    return Request(
+        headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines[1:])), _parsed=True, **matches
+    )
+
+
+status_line_re = re.compile(status_line.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+def maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server(
+    buf: ReceiveBuffer,
+) -> Union[InformationalResponse, Response, None]:
+    lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+    if lines is None:
+        if buf.is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line():
+            raise LocalProtocolError("illegal request line")
+        return None
+    if not lines:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("no response line received")
+    matches = validate(status_line_re, lines[0], "illegal status line: {!r}", lines[0])
+    http_version = (
+        b"1.1" if matches["http_version"] is None else matches["http_version"]
+    )
+    reason = b"" if matches["reason"] is None else matches["reason"]
+    status_code = int(matches["status_code"])
+    class_: Union[Type[InformationalResponse], Type[Response]] = (
+        InformationalResponse if status_code < 200 else Response
+    )
+    return class_(
+        headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines[1:])),
+        _parsed=True,
+        status_code=status_code,
+        reason=reason,
+        http_version=http_version,
+    )
+
+
+class ContentLengthReader:
+    def __init__(self, length: int) -> None:
+        self._length = length
+        self._remaining = length
+
+    def __call__(self, buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Union[Data, EndOfMessage, None]:
+        if self._remaining == 0:
+            return EndOfMessage()
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(self._remaining)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        self._remaining -= len(data)
+        return Data(data=data)
+
+    def read_eof(self) -> NoReturn:
+        raise RemoteProtocolError(
+            "peer closed connection without sending complete message body "
+            "(received {} bytes, expected {})".format(
+                self._length - self._remaining, self._length
+            )
+        )
+
+
+chunk_header_re = re.compile(chunk_header.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class ChunkedReader:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._bytes_in_chunk = 0
+        # After reading a chunk, we have to throw away the trailing \r\n.
+        # This tracks the bytes that we need to match and throw away.
+        self._bytes_to_discard = b""
+        self._reading_trailer = False
+
+    def __call__(self, buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Union[Data, EndOfMessage, None]:
+        if self._reading_trailer:
+            lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+            if lines is None:
+                return None
+            return EndOfMessage(headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines)))
+        if self._bytes_to_discard:
+            data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(len(self._bytes_to_discard))
+            if data is None:
+                return None
+            if data != self._bytes_to_discard[: len(data)]:
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    f"malformed chunk footer: {data!r} (expected {self._bytes_to_discard!r})"
+                )
+            self._bytes_to_discard = self._bytes_to_discard[len(data) :]
+            if self._bytes_to_discard:
+                return None
+            # else, fall through and read some more
+        assert self._bytes_to_discard == b""
+        if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+            # We need to refill our chunk count
+            chunk_header = buf.maybe_extract_next_line()
+            if chunk_header is None:
+                return None
+            matches = validate(
+                chunk_header_re,
+                chunk_header,
+                "illegal chunk header: {!r}",
+                chunk_header,
+            )
+            # XX FIXME: we discard chunk extensions. Does anyone care?
+            self._bytes_in_chunk = int(matches["chunk_size"], base=16)
+            if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+                self._reading_trailer = True
+                return self(buf)
+            chunk_start = True
+        else:
+            chunk_start = False
+        assert self._bytes_in_chunk > 0
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(self._bytes_in_chunk)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        self._bytes_in_chunk -= len(data)
+        if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+            self._bytes_to_discard = b"\r\n"
+            chunk_end = True
+        else:
+            chunk_end = False
+        return Data(data=data, chunk_start=chunk_start, chunk_end=chunk_end)
+
+    def read_eof(self) -> NoReturn:
+        raise RemoteProtocolError(
+            "peer closed connection without sending complete message body "
+            "(incomplete chunked read)"
+        )
+
+
+class Http10Reader:
+    def __call__(self, buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Optional[Data]:
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(999999999)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        return Data(data=data)
+
+    def read_eof(self) -> EndOfMessage:
+        return EndOfMessage()
+
+
+def expect_nothing(buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> None:
+    if buf:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("Got data when expecting EOF")
+    return None
+
+
+ReadersType = Dict[
+    Union[Type[Sentinel], Tuple[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]]],
+    Union[Callable[..., Any], Dict[str, Callable[..., Any]]],
+]
+
+READERS: ReadersType = {
+    (CLIENT, IDLE): maybe_read_from_IDLE_client,
+    (SERVER, IDLE): maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server,
+    (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE): maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server,
+    (CLIENT, DONE): expect_nothing,
+    (CLIENT, MUST_CLOSE): expect_nothing,
+    (CLIENT, CLOSED): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, DONE): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, MUST_CLOSE): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, CLOSED): expect_nothing,
+    SEND_BODY: {
+        "chunked": ChunkedReader,
+        "content-length": ContentLengthReader,
+        "http/1.0": Http10Reader,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5c4e08a56f5081e87103f38b4add6ce1b730204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+__all__ = ["ReceiveBuffer"]
+
+
+# Operations we want to support:
+# - find next \r\n or \r\n\r\n (\n or \n\n are also acceptable),
+#   or wait until there is one
+# - read at-most-N bytes
+# Goals:
+# - on average, do this fast
+# - worst case, do this in O(n) where n is the number of bytes processed
+# Plan:
+# - store bytearray, offset, how far we've searched for a separator token
+# - use the how-far-we've-searched data to avoid rescanning
+# - while doing a stream of uninterrupted processing, advance offset instead
+#   of constantly copying
+# WARNING:
+# - I haven't benchmarked or profiled any of this yet.
+#
+# Note that starting in Python 3.4, deleting the initial n bytes from a
+# bytearray is amortized O(n), thanks to some excellent work by Antoine
+# Martin:
+#
+#     https://bugs.python.org/issue19087
+#
+# This means that if we only supported 3.4+, we could get rid of the code here
+# involving self._start and self.compress, because it's doing exactly the same
+# thing that bytearray now does internally.
+#
+# BUT unfortunately, we still support 2.7, and reading short segments out of a
+# long buffer MUST be O(bytes read) to avoid DoS issues, so we can't actually
+# delete this code. Yet:
+#
+#     https://pythonclock.org/
+#
+# (Two things to double-check first though: make sure PyPy also has the
+# optimization, and benchmark to make sure it's a win, since we do have a
+# slightly clever thing where we delay calling compress() until we've
+# processed a whole event, which could in theory be slightly more efficient
+# than the internal bytearray support.)
+blank_line_regex = re.compile(b"\n\r?\n", re.MULTILINE)
+
+
+class ReceiveBuffer:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._data = bytearray()
+        self._next_line_search = 0
+        self._multiple_lines_search = 0
+
+    def __iadd__(self, byteslike: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> "ReceiveBuffer":
+        self._data += byteslike
+        return self
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(len(self))
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._data)
+
+    # for @property unprocessed_data
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(self._data)
+
+    def _extract(self, count: int) -> bytearray:
+        # extracting an initial slice of the data buffer and return it
+        out = self._data[:count]
+        del self._data[:count]
+
+        self._next_line_search = 0
+        self._multiple_lines_search = 0
+
+        return out
+
+    def maybe_extract_at_most(self, count: int) -> Optional[bytearray]:
+        """
+        Extract a fixed number of bytes from the buffer.
+        """
+        out = self._data[:count]
+        if not out:
+            return None
+
+        return self._extract(count)
+
+    def maybe_extract_next_line(self) -> Optional[bytearray]:
+        """
+        Extract the first line, if it is completed in the buffer.
+        """
+        # Only search in buffer space that we've not already looked at.
+        search_start_index = max(0, self._next_line_search - 1)
+        partial_idx = self._data.find(b"\r\n", search_start_index)
+
+        if partial_idx == -1:
+            self._next_line_search = len(self._data)
+            return None
+
+        # + 2 is to compensate len(b"\r\n")
+        idx = partial_idx + 2
+
+        return self._extract(idx)
+
+    def maybe_extract_lines(self) -> Optional[List[bytearray]]:
+        """
+        Extract everything up to the first blank line, and return a list of lines.
+        """
+        # Handle the case where we have an immediate empty line.
+        if self._data[:1] == b"\n":
+            self._extract(1)
+            return []
+
+        if self._data[:2] == b"\r\n":
+            self._extract(2)
+            return []
+
+        # Only search in buffer space that we've not already looked at.
+        match = blank_line_regex.search(self._data, self._multiple_lines_search)
+        if match is None:
+            self._multiple_lines_search = max(0, len(self._data) - 2)
+            return None
+
+        # Truncate the buffer and return it.
+        idx = match.span(0)[-1]
+        out = self._extract(idx)
+        lines = out.split(b"\n")
+
+        for line in lines:
+            if line.endswith(b"\r"):
+                del line[-1]
+
+        assert lines[-2] == lines[-1] == b""
+
+        del lines[-2:]
+
+        return lines
+
+    # In theory we should wait until `\r\n` before starting to validate
+    # incoming data. However it's interesting to detect (very) invalid data
+    # early given they might not even contain `\r\n` at all (hence only
+    # timeout will get rid of them).
+    # This is not a 100% effective detection but more of a cheap sanity check
+    # allowing for early abort in some useful cases.
+    # This is especially interesting when peer is messing up with HTTPS and
+    # sent us a TLS stream where we were expecting plain HTTP given all
+    # versions of TLS so far start handshake with a 0x16 message type code.
+    def is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            # HTTP header line must not contain non-printable characters
+            # and should not start with a space
+            return self._data[0] < 0x21
+        except IndexError:
+            return False
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_state.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_state.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3ad444b043e3f3d6c05c2d9d84d5119312bfaa34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_state.py
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+################################################################
+# The core state machine
+################################################################
+#
+# Rule 1: everything that affects the state machine and state transitions must
+# live here in this file. As much as possible goes into the table-based
+# representation, but for the bits that don't quite fit, the actual code and
+# state must nonetheless live here.
+#
+# Rule 2: this file does not know about what role we're playing; it only knows
+# about HTTP request/response cycles in the abstract. This ensures that we
+# don't cheat and apply different rules to local and remote parties.
+#
+#
+# Theory of operation
+# ===================
+#
+# Possibly the simplest way to think about this is that we actually have 5
+# different state machines here. Yes, 5. These are:
+#
+# 1) The client state, with its complicated automaton (see the docs)
+# 2) The server state, with its complicated automaton (see the docs)
+# 3) The keep-alive state, with possible states {True, False}
+# 4) The SWITCH_CONNECT state, with possible states {False, True}
+# 5) The SWITCH_UPGRADE state, with possible states {False, True}
+#
+# For (3)-(5), the first state listed is the initial state.
+#
+# (1)-(3) are stored explicitly in member variables. The last
+# two are stored implicitly in the pending_switch_proposals set as:
+#   (state of 4) == (_SWITCH_CONNECT in pending_switch_proposals)
+#   (state of 5) == (_SWITCH_UPGRADE in pending_switch_proposals)
+#
+# And each of these machines has two different kinds of transitions:
+#
+# a) Event-triggered
+# b) State-triggered
+#
+# Event triggered is the obvious thing that you'd think it is: some event
+# happens, and if it's the right event at the right time then a transition
+# happens. But there are somewhat complicated rules for which machines can
+# "see" which events. (As a rule of thumb, if a machine "sees" an event, this
+# means two things: the event can affect the machine, and if the machine is
+# not in a state where it expects that event then it's an error.) These rules
+# are:
+#
+# 1) The client machine sees all h11.events objects emitted by the client.
+#
+# 2) The server machine sees all h11.events objects emitted by the server.
+#
+#    It also sees the client's Request event.
+#
+#    And sometimes, server events are annotated with a _SWITCH_* event. For
+#    example, we can have a (Response, _SWITCH_CONNECT) event, which is
+#    different from a regular Response event.
+#
+# 3) The keep-alive machine sees the process_keep_alive_disabled() event
+#    (which is derived from Request/Response events), and this event
+#    transitions it from True -> False, or from False -> False. There's no way
+#    to transition back.
+#
+# 4&5) The _SWITCH_* machines transition from False->True when we get a
+#    Request that proposes the relevant type of switch (via
+#    process_client_switch_proposals), and they go from True->False when we
+#    get a Response that has no _SWITCH_* annotation.
+#
+# So that's event-triggered transitions.
+#
+# State-triggered transitions are less standard. What they do here is couple
+# the machines together. The way this works is, when certain *joint*
+# configurations of states are achieved, then we automatically transition to a
+# new *joint* state. So, for example, if we're ever in a joint state with
+#
+#   client: DONE
+#   keep-alive: False
+#
+# then the client state immediately transitions to:
+#
+#   client: MUST_CLOSE
+#
+# This is fundamentally different from an event-based transition, because it
+# doesn't matter how we arrived at the {client: DONE, keep-alive: False} state
+# -- maybe the client transitioned SEND_BODY -> DONE, or keep-alive
+# transitioned True -> False. Either way, once this precondition is satisfied,
+# this transition is immediately triggered.
+#
+# What if two conflicting state-based transitions get enabled at the same
+# time?  In practice there's only one case where this arises (client DONE ->
+# MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL versus DONE -> MUST_CLOSE), and we resolve it by
+# explicitly prioritizing the DONE -> MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL transition.
+#
+# Implementation
+# --------------
+#
+# The event-triggered transitions for the server and client machines are all
+# stored explicitly in a table. Ditto for the state-triggered transitions that
+# involve just the server and client state.
+#
+# The transitions for the other machines, and the state-triggered transitions
+# that involve the other machines, are written out as explicit Python code.
+#
+# It'd be nice if there were some cleaner way to do all this. This isn't
+# *too* terrible, but I feel like it could probably be better.
+#
+# WARNING
+# -------
+#
+# The script that generates the state machine diagrams for the docs knows how
+# to read out the EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS and STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS
+# tables. But it can't automatically read the transitions that are written
+# directly in Python code. So if you touch those, you need to also update the
+# script to keep it in sync!
+from typing import cast, Dict, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from ._events import *
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, Sentinel
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = [
+    "CLIENT",
+    "SERVER",
+    "IDLE",
+    "SEND_RESPONSE",
+    "SEND_BODY",
+    "DONE",
+    "MUST_CLOSE",
+    "CLOSED",
+    "MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL",
+    "SWITCHED_PROTOCOL",
+    "ERROR",
+]
+
+
+class CLIENT(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SERVER(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+# States
+class IDLE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SEND_RESPONSE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SEND_BODY(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class DONE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class MUST_CLOSE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class CLOSED(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class ERROR(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+# Switch types
+class MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SWITCHED_PROTOCOL(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class _SWITCH_UPGRADE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class _SWITCH_CONNECT(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+EventTransitionType = Dict[
+    Type[Sentinel],
+    Dict[
+        Type[Sentinel],
+        Dict[Union[Type[Event], Tuple[Type[Event], Type[Sentinel]]], Type[Sentinel]],
+    ],
+]
+
+EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS: EventTransitionType = {
+    CLIENT: {
+        IDLE: {Request: SEND_BODY, ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        SEND_BODY: {Data: SEND_BODY, EndOfMessage: DONE},
+        DONE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MUST_CLOSE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        CLOSED: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL: {},
+        SWITCHED_PROTOCOL: {},
+        ERROR: {},
+    },
+    SERVER: {
+        IDLE: {
+            ConnectionClosed: CLOSED,
+            Response: SEND_BODY,
+            # Special case: server sees client Request events, in this form
+            (Request, CLIENT): SEND_RESPONSE,
+        },
+        SEND_RESPONSE: {
+            InformationalResponse: SEND_RESPONSE,
+            Response: SEND_BODY,
+            (InformationalResponse, _SWITCH_UPGRADE): SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+            (Response, _SWITCH_CONNECT): SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+        },
+        SEND_BODY: {Data: SEND_BODY, EndOfMessage: DONE},
+        DONE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MUST_CLOSE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        CLOSED: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        SWITCHED_PROTOCOL: {},
+        ERROR: {},
+    },
+}
+
+StateTransitionType = Dict[
+    Tuple[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]], Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]]
+]
+
+# NB: there are also some special-case state-triggered transitions hard-coded
+# into _fire_state_triggered_transitions below.
+STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS: StateTransitionType = {
+    # (Client state, Server state) -> new states
+    # Protocol negotiation
+    (MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL, SWITCHED_PROTOCOL): {CLIENT: SWITCHED_PROTOCOL},
+    # Socket shutdown
+    (CLOSED, DONE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (CLOSED, IDLE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (ERROR, DONE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (DONE, CLOSED): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (IDLE, CLOSED): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (DONE, ERROR): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+}
+
+
+class ConnectionState:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Extra bits of state that don't quite fit into the state model.
+
+        # If this is False then it enables the automatic DONE -> MUST_CLOSE
+        # transition. Don't set this directly; call .keep_alive_disabled()
+        self.keep_alive = True
+
+        # This is a subset of {UPGRADE, CONNECT}, containing the proposals
+        # made by the client for switching protocols.
+        self.pending_switch_proposals: Set[Type[Sentinel]] = set()
+
+        self.states: Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]] = {CLIENT: IDLE, SERVER: IDLE}
+
+    def process_error(self, role: Type[Sentinel]) -> None:
+        self.states[role] = ERROR
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_keep_alive_disabled(self) -> None:
+        self.keep_alive = False
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_client_switch_proposal(self, switch_event: Type[Sentinel]) -> None:
+        self.pending_switch_proposals.add(switch_event)
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_event(
+        self,
+        role: Type[Sentinel],
+        event_type: Type[Event],
+        server_switch_event: Optional[Type[Sentinel]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        _event_type: Union[Type[Event], Tuple[Type[Event], Type[Sentinel]]] = event_type
+        if server_switch_event is not None:
+            assert role is SERVER
+            if server_switch_event not in self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "Received server _SWITCH_UPGRADE event without a pending proposal"
+                )
+            _event_type = (event_type, server_switch_event)
+        if server_switch_event is None and _event_type is Response:
+            self.pending_switch_proposals = set()
+        self._fire_event_triggered_transitions(role, _event_type)
+        # Special case: the server state does get to see Request
+        # events.
+        if _event_type is Request:
+            assert role is CLIENT
+            self._fire_event_triggered_transitions(SERVER, (Request, CLIENT))
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def _fire_event_triggered_transitions(
+        self,
+        role: Type[Sentinel],
+        event_type: Union[Type[Event], Tuple[Type[Event], Type[Sentinel]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        state = self.states[role]
+        try:
+            new_state = EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS[role][state][event_type]
+        except KeyError:
+            event_type = cast(Type[Event], event_type)
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "can't handle event type {} when role={} and state={}".format(
+                    event_type.__name__, role, self.states[role]
+                )
+            ) from None
+        self.states[role] = new_state
+
+    def _fire_state_triggered_transitions(self) -> None:
+        # We apply these rules repeatedly until converging on a fixed point
+        while True:
+            start_states = dict(self.states)
+
+            # It could happen that both these special-case transitions are
+            # enabled at the same time:
+            #
+            #    DONE -> MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL
+            #    DONE -> MUST_CLOSE
+            #
+            # For example, this will always be true of a HTTP/1.0 client
+            # requesting CONNECT.  If this happens, the protocol switch takes
+            # priority. From there the client will either go to
+            # SWITCHED_PROTOCOL, in which case it's none of our business when
+            # they close the connection, or else the server will deny the
+            # request, in which case the client will go back to DONE and then
+            # from there to MUST_CLOSE.
+            if self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                if self.states[CLIENT] is DONE:
+                    self.states[CLIENT] = MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL
+
+            if not self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                if self.states[CLIENT] is MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL:
+                    self.states[CLIENT] = DONE
+
+            if not self.keep_alive:
+                for role in (CLIENT, SERVER):
+                    if self.states[role] is DONE:
+                        self.states[role] = MUST_CLOSE
+
+            # Tabular state-triggered transitions
+            joint_state = (self.states[CLIENT], self.states[SERVER])
+            changes = STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS.get(joint_state, {})
+            self.states.update(changes)
+
+            if self.states == start_states:
+                # Fixed point reached
+                return
+
+    def start_next_cycle(self) -> None:
+        if self.states != {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: DONE}:
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                f"not in a reusable state. self.states={self.states}"
+            )
+        # Can't reach DONE/DONE with any of these active, but still, let's be
+        # sure.
+        assert self.keep_alive
+        assert not self.pending_switch_proposals
+        self.states = {CLIENT: IDLE, SERVER: IDLE}
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_util.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6718445290770e028ea2f1f662026c9a0b0991db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict, NoReturn, Pattern, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "validate",
+    "bytesify",
+]
+
+
+class ProtocolError(Exception):
+    """Exception indicating a violation of the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
+
+    This as an abstract base class, with two concrete base classes:
+    :exc:`LocalProtocolError`, which indicates that you tried to do something
+    that HTTP/1.1 says is illegal, and :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`, which
+    indicates that the remote peer tried to do something that HTTP/1.1 says is
+    illegal. See :ref:`error-handling` for details.
+
+    In addition to the normal :exc:`Exception` features, it has one attribute:
+
+    .. attribute:: error_status_hint
+
+       This gives a suggestion as to what status code a server might use if
+       this error occurred as part of a request.
+
+       For a :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`, this is useful as a suggestion for
+       how you might want to respond to a misbehaving peer, if you're
+       implementing a server.
+
+       For a :exc:`LocalProtocolError`, this can be taken as a suggestion for
+       how your peer might have responded to *you* if h11 had allowed you to
+       continue.
+
+       The default is 400 Bad Request, a generic catch-all for protocol
+       violations.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, error_status_hint: int = 400) -> None:
+        if type(self) is ProtocolError:
+            raise TypeError("tried to directly instantiate ProtocolError")
+        Exception.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.error_status_hint = error_status_hint
+
+
+# Strategy: there are a number of public APIs where a LocalProtocolError can
+# be raised (send(), all the different event constructors, ...), and only one
+# public API where RemoteProtocolError can be raised
+# (receive_data()). Therefore we always raise LocalProtocolError internally,
+# and then receive_data will translate this into a RemoteProtocolError.
+#
+# Internally:
+#   LocalProtocolError is the generic "ProtocolError".
+# Externally:
+#   LocalProtocolError is for local errors and RemoteProtocolError is for
+#   remote errors.
+class LocalProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    def _reraise_as_remote_protocol_error(self) -> NoReturn:
+        # After catching a LocalProtocolError, use this method to re-raise it
+        # as a RemoteProtocolError. This method must be called from inside an
+        # except: block.
+        #
+        # An easy way to get an equivalent RemoteProtocolError is just to
+        # modify 'self' in place.
+        self.__class__ = RemoteProtocolError  # type: ignore
+        # But the re-raising is somewhat non-trivial -- you might think that
+        # now that we've modified the in-flight exception object, that just
+        # doing 'raise' to re-raise it would be enough. But it turns out that
+        # this doesn't work, because Python tracks the exception type
+        # (exc_info[0]) separately from the exception object (exc_info[1]),
+        # and we only modified the latter. So we really do need to re-raise
+        # the new type explicitly.
+        # On py3, the traceback is part of the exception object, so our
+        # in-place modification preserved it and we can just re-raise:
+        raise self
+
+
+class RemoteProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    pass
+
+
+def validate(
+    regex: Pattern[bytes], data: bytes, msg: str = "malformed data", *format_args: Any
+) -> Dict[str, bytes]:
+    match = regex.fullmatch(data)
+    if not match:
+        if format_args:
+            msg = msg.format(*format_args)
+        raise LocalProtocolError(msg)
+    return match.groupdict()
+
+
+# Sentinel values
+#
+# - Inherit identity-based comparison and hashing from object
+# - Have a nice repr
+# - Have a *bonus property*: type(sentinel) is sentinel
+#
+# The bonus property is useful if you want to take the return value from
+# next_event() and do some sort of dispatch based on type(event).
+
+_T_Sentinel = TypeVar("_T_Sentinel", bound="Sentinel")
+
+
+class Sentinel(type):
+    def __new__(
+        cls: Type[_T_Sentinel],
+        name: str,
+        bases: Tuple[type, ...],
+        namespace: Dict[str, Any],
+        **kwds: Any
+    ) -> _T_Sentinel:
+        assert bases == (Sentinel,)
+        v = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace, **kwds)
+        v.__class__ = v  # type: ignore
+        return v
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return self.__name__
+
+
+# Used for methods, request targets, HTTP versions, header names, and header
+# values. Accepts ascii-strings, or bytes/bytearray/memoryview/..., and always
+# returns bytes.
+def bytesify(s: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview, int, str]) -> bytes:
+    # Fast-path:
+    if type(s) is bytes:
+        return s
+    if isinstance(s, str):
+        s = s.encode("ascii")
+    if isinstance(s, int):
+        raise TypeError("expected bytes-like object, not int")
+    return bytes(s)
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_version.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..76e7327b8617c9d12236f511414d5eb58e98a44b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# This file must be kept very simple, because it is consumed from several
+# places -- it is imported by h11/__init__.py, execfile'd by setup.py, etc.
+
+# We use a simple scheme:
+#   1.0.0 -> 1.0.0+dev -> 1.1.0 -> 1.1.0+dev
+# where the +dev versions are never released into the wild, they're just what
+# we stick into the VCS in between releases.
+#
+# This is compatible with PEP 440:
+#   http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440/
+# via the use of the "local suffix" "+dev", which is disallowed on index
+# servers and causes 1.0.0+dev to sort after plain 1.0.0, which is what we
+# want. (Contrast with the special suffix 1.0.0.dev, which sorts *before*
+# 1.0.0.)
+
+__version__ = "0.16.0"
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_writers.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_writers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..939cdb912a9debaea07fbf3a9ac04549c44d077c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/_writers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# Code to read HTTP data
+#
+# Strategy: each writer takes an event + a write-some-bytes function, which is
+# calls.
+#
+# WRITERS is a dict describing how to pick a reader. It maps states to either:
+# - a writer
+# - or, for body writers, a dict of framin-dependent writer factories
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from ._events import Data, EndOfMessage, Event, InformationalResponse, Request, Response
+from ._headers import Headers
+from ._state import CLIENT, IDLE, SEND_BODY, SEND_RESPONSE, SERVER
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, Sentinel
+
+__all__ = ["WRITERS"]
+
+Writer = Callable[[bytes], Any]
+
+
+def write_headers(headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+    # "Since the Host field-value is critical information for handling a
+    # request, a user agent SHOULD generate Host as the first header field
+    # following the request-line." - RFC 7230
+    raw_items = headers._full_items
+    for raw_name, name, value in raw_items:
+        if name == b"host":
+            write(b"%s: %s\r\n" % (raw_name, value))
+    for raw_name, name, value in raw_items:
+        if name != b"host":
+            write(b"%s: %s\r\n" % (raw_name, value))
+    write(b"\r\n")
+
+
+def write_request(request: Request, write: Writer) -> None:
+    if request.http_version != b"1.1":
+        raise LocalProtocolError("I only send HTTP/1.1")
+    write(b"%s %s HTTP/1.1\r\n" % (request.method, request.target))
+    write_headers(request.headers, write)
+
+
+# Shared between InformationalResponse and Response
+def write_any_response(
+    response: Union[InformationalResponse, Response], write: Writer
+) -> None:
+    if response.http_version != b"1.1":
+        raise LocalProtocolError("I only send HTTP/1.1")
+    status_bytes = str(response.status_code).encode("ascii")
+    # We don't bother sending ascii status messages like "OK"; they're
+    # optional and ignored by the protocol. (But the space after the numeric
+    # status code is mandatory.)
+    #
+    # XX FIXME: could at least make an effort to pull out the status message
+    # from stdlib's http.HTTPStatus table. Or maybe just steal their enums
+    # (either by import or copy/paste). We already accept them as status codes
+    # since they're of type IntEnum < int.
+    write(b"HTTP/1.1 %s %s\r\n" % (status_bytes, response.reason))
+    write_headers(response.headers, write)
+
+
+class BodyWriter:
+    def __call__(self, event: Event, write: Writer) -> None:
+        if type(event) is Data:
+            self.send_data(event.data, write)
+        elif type(event) is EndOfMessage:
+            self.send_eom(event.headers, write)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            assert False
+
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+#
+# These are all careful not to do anything to 'data' except call len(data) and
+# write(data). This allows us to transparently pass-through funny objects,
+# like placeholder objects referring to files on disk that will be sent via
+# sendfile(2).
+#
+class ContentLengthWriter(BodyWriter):
+    def __init__(self, length: int) -> None:
+        self._length = length
+
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        self._length -= len(data)
+        if self._length < 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Too much data for declared Content-Length")
+        write(data)
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        if self._length != 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Too little data for declared Content-Length")
+        if headers:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Content-Length and trailers don't mix")
+
+
+class ChunkedWriter(BodyWriter):
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        # if we encoded 0-length data in the naive way, it would look like an
+        # end-of-message.
+        if not data:
+            return
+        write(b"%x\r\n" % len(data))
+        write(data)
+        write(b"\r\n")
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        write(b"0\r\n")
+        write_headers(headers, write)
+
+
+class Http10Writer(BodyWriter):
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        write(data)
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        if headers:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("can't send trailers to HTTP/1.0 client")
+        # no need to close the socket ourselves, that will be taken care of by
+        # Connection: close machinery
+
+
+WritersType = Dict[
+    Union[Tuple[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]], Type[Sentinel]],
+    Union[
+        Dict[str, Type[BodyWriter]],
+        Callable[[Union[InformationalResponse, Response], Writer], None],
+        Callable[[Request, Writer], None],
+    ],
+]
+
+WRITERS: WritersType = {
+    (CLIENT, IDLE): write_request,
+    (SERVER, IDLE): write_any_response,
+    (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE): write_any_response,
+    SEND_BODY: {
+        "chunked": ChunkedWriter,
+        "content-length": ContentLengthWriter,
+        "http/1.0": Http10Writer,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/py.typed b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5642f79f21d872f010979dcf6f0c4a415acc19d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/h11/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Marker
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c69047b2eb8235994febeeae1da4a82365a240a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uv
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29f81d812f3e768fa89638d1f72920dbfd1413a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet-1.5.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
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+
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+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
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+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
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+
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+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
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+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
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+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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+   limitations under the License.
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet/__init__.py b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..96ed54a8a066d681e4973e5841a0f5577b619698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from .hf_xet import *
+
+__doc__ = hf_xet.__doc__
+if hasattr(hf_xet, "__all__"):
+    __all__ = hf_xet.__all__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet/hf_xet.pyd b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet/hf_xet.pyd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e16560b5bf76c392b7dd6b1abd5ff237d426269a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/Lib/site-packages/hf_xet/hf_xet.pyd
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:7567c8ba058af873ec3ad498d8aa33800571121e6421a59ff8ea6f40c28eb4da
+size 9417216