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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- sentence-transformers
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- sentence-embeddings
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- multi-task-learning
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- reinforcement-learning
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- semantic-similarity
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- nli
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- paraphrase-detection
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datasets:
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- sentence-transformers/stsb
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- nyu-mll/multi_nli
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- quora
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- google-research-datasets/paws
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- nyu-mll/glue
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pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
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base_model: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
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model-index:
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- name: FireDevourerEmbedder-RL-v3.6
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results:
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- task:
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type: semantic-similarity
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name: Semantic Textual Similarity
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dataset:
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type: sentence-transformers/stsb
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name: STS-B
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metrics:
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- type: pearson_spearman_avg
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value: 0.3366
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- task:
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type: natural-language-inference
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name: Natural Language Inference
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dataset:
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type: nyu-mll/multi_nli
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name: MultiNLI
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metrics:
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- type: accuracy
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value: 0.7465
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- task:
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type: text-classification
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name: Question Duplicate Detection
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dataset:
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type: quora
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name: QQP
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metrics:
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- type: accuracy
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value: 0.8636
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- task:
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type: text-classification
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name: Paraphrase Detection
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dataset:
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type: google-research-datasets/paws
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name: PAWS
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metrics:
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- type: accuracy
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value: 0.8459
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- task:
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type: text-classification
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name: Paraphrase Detection
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dataset:
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type: nyu-mll/glue
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name: MRPC
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metrics:
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- type: accuracy
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value: 0.7744
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---
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# FireDevourerEmbedder-RL-v3.6
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A multi-task sentence embedding model that uses **Reinforcement Learning** to dynamically optimize task weights during training. The model learns to balance multiple NLU tasks simultaneously, producing robust sentence embeddings suitable for semantic similarity, natural language inference, and paraphrase detection.
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## Key Innovation
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FireDevourerEmbedder introduces an **RL-based adaptive task weighting system** that automatically adjusts the importance of each training task based on validation performance. Instead of using fixed task weights, a policy network learns optimal weight distributions during training, leading to better overall performance across diverse NLU benchmarks.
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## Why Multi-Task? Information-Dense Embeddings
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The core philosophy behind FireDevourerEmbedder is that **multi-task learning creates richer, more information-dense embeddings** than single-task approaches.
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By training with multiple task heads simultaneously, the shared encoder is forced to learn representations that capture:
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| Dimension | Learned From | What It Captures |
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|-----------|--------------|------------------|
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| **Semantic Similarity** | STS-B | Fine-grained meaning overlap |
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| **Logical Relationships** | MultiNLI | Entailment, contradiction, neutrality |
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| **Question Semantics** | QQP | Intent and duplicate detection |
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| **Adversarial Patterns** | PAWS | Word-order sensitivity, paraphrase robustness |
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| **Domain Awareness** | All datasets | Context-appropriate representations |
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This results in embeddings that are:
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- **More robust** - trained to handle diverse linguistic phenomena
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- **More transferable** - generalize better to unseen tasks
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- **More informative** - each dimension of the embedding vector carries meaningful semantic signal
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Unlike single-task embedders that optimize for one objective, FireDevourerEmbedder's embeddings simultaneously encode multiple facets of meaning, making them suitable for a wide range of downstream applications without fine-tuning.
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## Model Details
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| Property | Value |
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|----------|-------|
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| **Base Model** | [sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2) |
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| **Hidden Size** | 384 |
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| **Version** | v3.6 |
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| **Training Steps** | 80,000 |
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| **Total Parameters** | ~22M |
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## Architecture
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The model consists of a shared BERT encoder with task-specific output heads:
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```
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Input Sentence(s)
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│
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▼
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┌─────────────────────────┐
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│ MiniLM-L6-v2 Encoder │
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│ (384-dim output) │
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└─────────────────────────┘
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│
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▼
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Mean Pooling
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│
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├──► STS Head (384→1) ──► Similarity Score [0,1]
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├──► NLI Head (384→3) ──► [Contradiction, Neutral, Entailment]
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├──► QQP Head (384→2) ──► [Not Duplicate, Duplicate]
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├──► PAWS Head (384→2) ──► [Not Paraphrase, Paraphrase]
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└──► Domain Head (384→5) ──► [General, Entailment, Questions, Adversarial, News]
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```
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## Performance
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| Task | Dataset | Metric | Score |
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|------|---------|--------|-------|
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| Question Duplicate Detection | QQP | Accuracy + F1 | **0.8636** |
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| Paraphrase Detection | PAWS | Accuracy + F1 | **0.8459** |
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| Paraphrase Detection | MRPC | Accuracy + F1 | **0.7744** |
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| Natural Language Inference | MultiNLI | Accuracy + F1 | **0.7465** |
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| Semantic Textual Similarity | STS-B | Pearson/Spearman | **0.3366** |
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| | | **Average** | **0.7134** |
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## Training Details
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### Datasets
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The model was trained on 5 balanced datasets with 100,000 samples each (500,000 total):
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| Dataset | Task Type | Domain | Samples |
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|---------|-----------|--------|---------|
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| [STS-B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/stsb) | Semantic Similarity | General | 100,000 |
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| [MultiNLI](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nyu-mll/multi_nli) | Natural Language Inference | Entailment | 100,000 |
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| [QQP](https://huggingface.co/datasets/quora) | Duplicate Question Detection | Questions | 100,000 |
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| [PAWS](https://huggingface.co/datasets/google-research-datasets/paws) | Paraphrase Detection | Adversarial | 100,000 |
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| [MRPC](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nyu-mll/glue) | Paraphrase Detection | News | 100,000 |
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### Data Augmentation Strategy
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To prevent training bias, all datasets were balanced to exactly **100,000 samples** each:
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| Dataset | Original Size | Augmentation Method |
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|---------|---------------|---------------------|
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| STS-B | ~8,600 | Repetition (~12x) + pair swapping |
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| MultiNLI | ~433,000 | Subsampling |
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| QQP | ~400,000 | Subsampling |
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| PAWS | ~49,000 | Repetition (~2x) + pair swapping |
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| MRPC | ~3,600 | Repetition (~10x, capped) + pair swapping |
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**Why this matters:**
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- Without balancing, larger datasets (QQP, MultiNLI) would dominate training
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- Smaller but valuable datasets (MRPC, STS-B) would be underrepresented
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- Equal representation ensures the model learns equally from all task types
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**Augmentation techniques:**
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- **Repetition**: Smaller datasets repeated up to 10x maximum to prevent memorization
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- **Sentence pair swapping**: For symmetric tasks, (A, B) pairs also trained as (B, A)
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### Training Configuration
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| Parameter | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| Epochs | 3 |
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| Batch Size | 16 |
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| Learning Rate | 2e-5 |
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| Total Steps | 93,750 |
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| Warmup Steps | 9,375 (10%) |
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| Evaluation Frequency | Every 10,000 steps |
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| Early Stopping | 3 consecutive decreases |
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| Training Time | 3.29 hours |
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### RL Weight Adaptation System
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The model uses a policy network to dynamically adjust task weights during training:
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| Parameter | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| RL Learning Rate | 0.001 |
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| State Dimension | 6 (5 task scores + average) |
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| Action Dimension | 5 (weight deltas) |
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| Hidden Dimension | 32 |
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| Delta Scale | ±5% per update |
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| Update Frequency | Every 10,000 steps |
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**Weight Evolution During Training:**
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| Task | Initial Weight | Final Weight | Change |
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|------|---------------|--------------|--------|
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| STS | 0.250 | 0.282 | +0.032 |
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| NLI | 0.300 | 0.337 | +0.037 |
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| QQP | 0.200 | 0.063 | -0.137 |
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| PAWS | 0.150 | 0.173 | +0.023 |
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| MRPC | 0.100 | 0.145 | +0.045 |
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The RL system learned to reduce QQP weight (already high-performing) while increasing weights for harder tasks.
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## Training Progress
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| Version | Step | Average Score | Best Task | Improvement |
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|---------|------|---------------|-----------|-------------|
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| v3.1 | 10,000 | 0.6133 | QQP (0.8093) | +0.6133 |
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| v3.2 | 20,000 | 0.6430 | QQP (0.8351) | +0.0297 |
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| v3.3 | 30,000 | 0.6813 | QQP (0.8391) | +0.0383 |
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| v3.4 | 40,000 | 0.6925 | QQP (0.8527) | +0.0111 |
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| v3.5 | 50,000 | 0.7099 | QQP (0.8579) | +0.0175 |
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| **v3.6** | **80,000** | **0.7134** | **QQP (0.8636)** | **+0.0035** |
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## Usage
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### Installation
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```bash
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pip install torch transformers
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```
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### Loading the Model
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```python
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import torch
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
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# Load tokenizer and base model
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("path/to/FireDevourerEmbedder-RL-v3.6")
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base_model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2")
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# Load checkpoint
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checkpoint = torch.load("path/to/FireDevourerEmbedder-RL-v3.6/full_checkpoint.pt")
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# Load model weights (you'll need to reconstruct the full model class)
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# See the training script for the complete FireDevourerEmbedder class definition
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```
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### Computing Embeddings
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```python
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def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask):
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"""Apply mean pooling to get sentence embeddings."""
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token_embeddings = model_output[0]
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input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float()
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return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9)
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def get_embedding(text, model, tokenizer):
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"""Get sentence embedding for a single text."""
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inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt", padding=True, truncation=True, max_length=512)
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with torch.no_grad():
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outputs = model(**inputs)
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return mean_pooling(outputs, inputs["attention_mask"])
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# Example
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embedding = get_embedding("This is a sample sentence.", model, tokenizer)
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print(f"Embedding shape: {embedding.shape}") # [1, 384]
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```
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### Computing Similarity
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```python
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from torch.nn.functional import cosine_similarity
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sentence1 = "A man is eating pizza"
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sentence2 = "A person is eating food"
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emb1 = get_embedding(sentence1, model, tokenizer)
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emb2 = get_embedding(sentence2, model, tokenizer)
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similarity = cosine_similarity(emb1, emb2)
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print(f"Similarity: {similarity.item():.4f}") # ~0.9448
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```
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### Task-Specific Predictions
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```python
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# After loading the full model with task heads:
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def predict_nli(sentence1, sentence2, model, tokenizer):
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"""Predict entailment relationship."""
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# Get embeddings for both sentences
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emb1 = get_embedding(sentence1, model, tokenizer)
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emb2 = get_embedding(sentence2, model, tokenizer)
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# Combine embeddings (concatenate with element-wise difference and product)
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combined = torch.cat([emb1, emb2, torch.abs(emb1 - emb2), emb1 * emb2], dim=-1)
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# Pass through NLI head
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logits = model.nli_head(combined)
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prediction = torch.argmax(logits, dim=-1)
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labels = ["Contradiction", "Neutral", "Entailment"]
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return labels[prediction.item()]
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# Example
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result = predict_nli("It's raining outside", "The weather is sunny", model, tokenizer)
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print(f"NLI Prediction: {result}") # Contradiction
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```
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## Evaluation Results
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### Test Suite Statistics (20 diverse test cases)
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**Cosine Similarity:**
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| Statistic | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| Mean | 0.8001 |
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| Std | 0.1562 |
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| Min | 0.3139 |
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| Max | 0.9831 |
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| Median | 0.8149 |
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**STS Score:**
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| Statistic | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| Mean | 0.5672 |
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| Std | 0.2270 |
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| Min | 0.0182 |
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| Max | 0.9468 |
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| Median | 0.5788 |
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### Example Predictions
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| Sentence 1 | Sentence 2 | Cosine Sim | NLI | Domain |
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|------------|------------|------------|-----|--------|
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| "A man is eating pizza" | "A person is eating food" | 0.9448 | Entailment | General |
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| "It's raining outside" | "The weather is sunny" | 0.7124 | Contradiction | Entailment |
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| "How do I learn Python?" | "What's the best way to learn Python?" | 0.8915 | Entailment | Questions |
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| "The quick brown fox jumps..." | "A fast brown fox leaps..." | 0.7837 | Entailment | General |
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## Intended Use
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### Best Use Cases
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- **Semantic Search**: Finding similar documents or passages
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- **Duplicate Detection**: Identifying duplicate questions or content
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- **Paraphrase Mining**: Finding paraphrased text pairs
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- **Clustering**: Grouping similar sentences or documents
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- **Natural Language Inference**: Determining textual entailment
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### Limitations
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- **STS-B Performance**: The model shows lower performance on fine-grained semantic similarity regression (0.3366). For tasks requiring precise similarity scores, consider using dedicated STS models.
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- **English Only**: Trained exclusively on English data.
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- **Max Length**: 512 tokens maximum input length.
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- **Adversarial Robustness**: While trained on PAWS adversarial data, performance on novel adversarial examples may vary.
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## Training Loss Progression
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| Epoch | STS Loss | NLI Loss | QQP Loss | PAWS Loss | MRPC Loss | Domain Loss | Total Loss |
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|-------|----------|----------|----------|-----------|-----------|-------------|------------|
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| 1 | 0.0073 | 0.2508 | 0.0742 | 0.0966 | 0.0287 | 0.0529 | 0.4977 |
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| 2 | 0.0038 | 0.1970 | 0.0430 | 0.0638 | 0.0025 | 0.0196 | 0.3211 |
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| 367 |
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| 3 | 0.0031 | 0.1822 | 0.0221 | 0.0479 | 0.0009 | 0.0141 | 0.2631 |
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| 369 |
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## Citation
|
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| 371 |
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If you use this model in your research, please cite:
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| 373 |
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```bibtex
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@misc{firedevourerembedder2025,
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author = {Asad, Zain},
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| 376 |
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title = {FireDevourerEmbedder: Multi-Task Sentence Embeddings with RL-Adaptive Task Weighting},
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year = {2025},
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publisher = {Hugging Face},
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| 379 |
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url = {https://huggingface.co/zainasad/FireDevourerEmbedder-RL-v3.6}
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| 380 |
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}
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| 381 |
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```
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| 383 |
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## Author
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| 384 |
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| 385 |
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**Zain Asad**
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| 387 |
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## License
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| 388 |
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| 389 |
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MIT License
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