Text Generation
Transformers
Safetensors
qwen3_5
image-text-to-text
Merge
evolutionary-merge
darwin
darwin-v5
model-mri
reasoning
advanced-reasoning
chain-of-thought
thinking
qwen3.5
qwen
claude-opus
distillation
benchmark
open-source
apache-2.0
layer-wise-merge
coding-agent
tool-calling
long-context
conversational
Eval Results (legacy)
Update README.md
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README.md
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license: apache-2.0
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base_model:
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- Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B
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tags:
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- merge
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- evolutionary-merge
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# Darwin-9B-Opus
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*"Compact reasoning powerhouse — 9B parameters, graduate-level intelligence."*
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<p align="center">
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<
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<p align="center">
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<
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/Darwin-9B-Opus"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🚀_Space-9B_Live_Demo-purple?style=for-the-badge" alt="Space"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/FINAL-Bench/Darwin-35B-A3B-Opus"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🧬_Model-Darwin--35B--A3B--Opus-blue?style=for-the-badge" alt="35B Model"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/Darwin-35B-A3B-Opus"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🚀_Space-35B_Live_Demo-purple?style=for-the-badge" alt="35B Space"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/Leaderboard"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🏆_FINAL_Bench-Leaderboard-green?style=for-the-badge" alt="FINAL Bench"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/all-bench-leaderboard"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/📊_ALL_Bench-Leaderboard-orange?style=for-the-badge" alt="ALL Bench"></a>
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</p>
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---
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## Overview
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Darwin-9B-Opus is a
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---
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|---|---|
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| Architecture | Qwen3.5 Dense |
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| Total Parameters | 9B |
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| Precision | BF16 |
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| Context Length | 131,072 native |
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| Setup | VRAM | Status |
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| BF16 Full Precision | ~20 GB | |
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| NVIDIA
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| NVIDIA
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| NVIDIA
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| NVIDIA T4 16GB | 16 GB | ⚠️ Requires quantization |
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---
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trust_remote_code=True,
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)
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messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "Prove that
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text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
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inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=4096)
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---
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##
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↓
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[Phase 2] mergekit real merge + benchmark fitness selection
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↓ Faster convergence in MRI-narrowed search space
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↓
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[Phase 3] MRI Health Check — Profile the child model
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↓ Detect interference, function loss
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↓ Prescribe layer-specific ratio adjustments
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↓
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[Final] Darwin-9B-Opus
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```
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---
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|---|---|
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| Developer |
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| Engine | Darwin V5
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| Merge Backend | mergekit (DARE-TIES) |
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| Base Architecture | Qwen3.5-9B |
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---
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## Acknowledgements
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- **Korean Government** — GPU Support Program research grant
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- [Qwen Team](https://huggingface.co/Qwen) — Qwen3.5 base architecture
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- [mergekit](https://github.com/arcee-ai/mergekit) — Merge backend infrastructure
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---
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{vidraft_darwin_9b_opus,
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title = {Darwin-9B-Opus:
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author = {VIDRAFT},
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year = {2026},
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publisher = {Hugging Face},
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howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/FINAL-Bench/Darwin-9B-Opus}}
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}
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```
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---
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## Contact
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📧 **kkms1116@koreacu.ac.kr**
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license: apache-2.0
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base_model:
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- Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B
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- Jackrong/Qwen3.5-9B-Claude-4.6-Opus-Reasoning-Distilled
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tags:
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- merge
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- evolutionary-merge
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# Darwin-9B-Opus
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/FINAL-Bench/Darwin-9B-Opus"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model-Darwin--9B--Opus-blue?style=for-the-badge" alt="Model"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/Darwin-9B-Opus"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Space-9B_Live_Demo-purple?style=for-the-badge" alt="Space"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/FINAL-Bench/Darwin-35B-A3B-Opus"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model-Darwin--35B--A3B--Opus-blue?style=for-the-badge" alt="35B Model"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/Darwin-35B-A3B-Opus"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Space-35B_Live_Demo-purple?style=for-the-badge" alt="35B Space"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/Leaderboard"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/FINAL_Bench-Leaderboard-green?style=for-the-badge" alt="FINAL Bench"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/all-bench-leaderboard"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/ALL_Bench-Leaderboard-orange?style=for-the-badge" alt="ALL Bench"></a>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<img src="info.png" alt="Darwin-9B-Opus" width="100%">
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</p>
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> Qwen3.5 Dense 9B | Reasoning | Chain-of-Thought | 131K Context | 201 Languages | BF16 | Apache 2.0
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---
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## Technical Definitions
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| Term | Definition | Measurement |
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|---|---|---|
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| Model MRI | Layer-level profiling of tensor health indicators | L2 norm, Shannon entropy, std per tensor across all layers |
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| LayerMRI.compare_layers | Per-tensor A vs B quality comparison yielding optimal ratio_b | score = entropy * 0.5 + std * 0.3 + clamp(norm, 100) * 0.002 per model; ratio_b = score_b / (score_a + score_b) |
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| MRI-Guided Merge | Per-tensor merge ratios derived from parent diagnostics (70% MRI + 30% genome) | final_ratio = mri_ratio * 0.7 + genome_ratio * 0.3 |
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| DARE-TIES | Merge algorithm: random binary mask on delta, then weighted addition | merged = A + (B - A) * random_mask(density) * ratio |
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| Transplant A / B | When MRI ratio falls below 0.05 or above 0.95, one parent is used entirely | No interpolation — direct tensor copy |
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| Evolutionary Search | CMA-ES population evolution over genome space (ratio, attn, ffn, embed, density_a, density_b) | Phase 1: 200 steps heuristic proxy, Phase 2: 10 steps real benchmark |
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---
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## Overview
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Darwin-9B-Opus is a 9B dense parameter reasoning model created using Darwin V5. Both parent models share the identical Qwen3.5-9B architecture — the Mother is a LoRA SFT on the same base, not a different architecture.
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| Role | Model | Training |
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| Father | [Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B) | Original pre-training + RLHF |
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| Mother | [Jackrong/Qwen3.5-9B-Claude-4.6-Opus-Reasoning-Distilled](https://huggingface.co/Jackrong/Qwen3.5-9B-Claude-4.6-Opus-Reasoning-Distilled) | LoRA SFT with text-only Claude 4.6 Opus reasoning chains |
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---
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## How Darwin V5 Works
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Darwin V5 does not use mergekit or any external merge library. It implements DARE-TIES merge directly via PyTorch tensor operations, with MRI-guided per-layer ratios. The algorithm is inspired by the DARE-TIES method but re-implemented from scratch to support per-tensor diagnostic-guided ratios.
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### Merge Implementation (actual code logic)
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```python
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# For each tensor pair (A, B) across all safetensor shards:
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ta = model_a[key] # Father tensor
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tb = model_b[key] # Mother tensor
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# 1. MRI diagnoses both tensors
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diag_a = LayerMRI.diagnose_tensor(ta) # {norm, entropy, std}
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diag_b = LayerMRI.diagnose_tensor(tb) # {norm, entropy, std}
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# 2. Quality score comparison determines ratio_b
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score_a = diag_a["entropy"] * 0.5 + diag_a["std"] * 0.3 + min(diag_a["norm"], 100) * 0.002
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score_b = diag_b["entropy"] * 0.5 + diag_b["std"] * 0.3 + min(diag_b["norm"], 100) * 0.002
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mri_ratio = score_b / (score_a + score_b) # Higher = Mother is better
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# 3. Final ratio = MRI 70% + evolutionary genome 30%
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final_ratio = mri_ratio * 0.7 + genome_type_ratio * 0.3
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# 4. DARE-TIES merge with per-tensor ratio
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mask = torch.rand_like(tb) < density_b
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delta = (tb - ta) * mask
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merged = (ta + delta * final_ratio).bfloat16()
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```
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### Pipeline
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```
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Phase 0: Model MRI
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For every tensor in both parents, measure:
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- L2 norm (layer energy)
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- Shannon entropy (weight distribution uniformity)
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- Standard deviation (activation spread)
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Compare A vs B quality scores -> per-tensor ratio prescription
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Phase 1: Evolutionary Search (200 steps, heuristic proxy)
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Population of 20 genomes (ratio, attn, ffn, embed, density_a, density_b)
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Fitness: heuristic score based on genome balance + differentiation
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Selection -> SLERP crossover -> Gaussian mutation
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Phase 2: Real Merge + Benchmark (10 steps)
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Top genomes from Phase 1 undergo actual tensor merge
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Each merge: MRI prescription (70%) + genome ratio (30%)
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Fitness: real benchmark score (ARC-Challenge)
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Best model selected and auto-uploaded
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Phase 3: Health Check
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Layer-by-layer importance comparison: child vs both parents
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Detect interference (child >> parents) or function loss (parents >> child)
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```
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### What Makes This Different from Standard Merging
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| Capability | Standard DARE-TIES | Darwin V5 |
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| Implementation | mergekit library call | Direct PyTorch tensor operations |
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| Ratio selection | Uniform ratio across all tensors | Per-tensor ratio from MRI diagnosis |
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| Pre-merge analysis | None | Tensor-level norm/entropy/std profiling |
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| Ratio determination | Human-set or grid search | MRI 70% + evolutionary genome 30% |
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| Post-merge validation | Benchmark score only | Layer-by-layer child vs parents comparison |
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| Transplant support | No | ratio < 0.05 -> use A entirely, ratio > 0.95 -> use B entirely |
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| Failure diagnosis | "Score went down" | Per-tensor quality delta identifies problematic layers |
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---
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| Architecture | Qwen3.5 Dense (Gated DeltaNet hybrid) |
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| Total Parameters | 9B |
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| Precision | BF16 |
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| Context Length | 131,072 native |
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| Setup | VRAM | Status |
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| BF16 Full Precision | ~20 GB | |
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| NVIDIA RTX 4090 24GB | 24 GB | Comfortable |
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| NVIDIA A100 40GB | 40 GB | Very comfortable |
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| NVIDIA T4 16GB | 16 GB | Requires quantization |
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---
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messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "Prove that sqrt(2) is irrational."}]
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text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
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inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=4096)
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---
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## Evolution Details
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| Engine | Darwin V5 (Evolutionary Merge + Layer-Level Diagnostics) |
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| Merge Method | DARE-TIES (direct PyTorch implementation, no external library) |
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| MRI Integration | Per-tensor diagnosis: norm, entropy, std -> ratio prescription |
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| Ratio Formula | final_ratio = mri_ratio * 0.7 + genome_ratio * 0.3 |
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| Evolution | Phase 1: 200 steps proxy + Phase 2: 10 steps real benchmark |
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| Best Score | 0.8508 (ARC-Challenge) |
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| Infrastructure | 4 x NVIDIA H100 NVL (100GB each) |
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---
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## Acknowledgements
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- Korean Government — GPU Support Program research grant
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- [Qwen Team](https://huggingface.co/Qwen) — Qwen3.5 base architecture
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- [Jackrong](https://huggingface.co/Jackrong) — Claude 4.6 Opus Reasoning Distilled model
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- DARE-TIES algorithm — [Yadav et al., 2023](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.03099) (re-implemented, not library-dependent)
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| Developer | VIDRAFT |
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| Engine | Darwin V5 |
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| Base Architecture | Qwen3.5-9B |
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---
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{vidraft_darwin_9b_opus,
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title = {Darwin-9B-Opus: Diagnostic-Guided Evolutionary Merge},
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author = {VIDRAFT},
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year = {2026},
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publisher = {Hugging Face},
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howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/FINAL-Bench/Darwin-9B-Opus}}
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}
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+
```
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