ml-stable-diffusion/mlx/python/tests/test_array.py

# Copyright © 2023-2024 Apple Inc.

import gc
import operator
import os
import pickle
import platform
import sys
import unittest
import weakref
from copy import copy, deepcopy
from itertools import permutations

if platform.system() == "Windows":
    import psutil
else:
    import resource

import mlx.core as mx
import mlx_tests
import numpy as np

try:
    import tensorflow as tf

    has_tf = True
except ImportError as e:
    has_tf = False


class TestVersion(mlx_tests.MLXTestCase):
    def test_version(self):
        v = mx.__version__
        vnums = v.split(".")
        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(vnums), 3)
        v = ".".join(str(int(vn)) for vn in vnums[:3])
        self.assertEqual(v, mx.__version__[: len(v)])


class TestDtypes(mlx_tests.MLXTestCase):
    def test_dtypes(self):
        self.assertEqual(mx.bool_.size, 1)
        self.assertEqual(mx.uint8.size, 1)
        self.assertEqual(mx.uint16.size, 2)
        self.assertEqual(mx.uint32.size, 4)
        self.assertEqual(mx.uint64.size, 8)
        self.assertEqual(mx.int8.size, 1)
        self.assertEqual(mx.int16.size, 2)
        self.assertEqual(mx.int32.size, 4)
        self.assertEqual(mx.int64.size, 8)
        self.assertEqual(mx.float16.size, 2)
        self.assertEqual(mx.float32.size, 4)
        self.assertEqual(mx.bfloat16.size, 2)
        self.assertEqual(mx.complex64.size, 8)

        self.assertEqual(str(mx.bool_), "mlx.core.bool")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.uint8), "mlx.core.uint8")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.uint16), "mlx.core.uint16")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.uint32), "mlx.core.uint32")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.uint64), "mlx.core.uint64")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.int8), "mlx.core.int8")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.int16), "mlx.core.int16")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.int32), "mlx.core.int32")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.int64), "mlx.core.int64")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.float16), "mlx.core.float16")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.float32), "mlx.core.float32")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.bfloat16), "mlx.core.bfloat16")
        self.assertEqual(str(mx.complex64), "mlx.core.complex64")

    def test_scalar_conversion(self):
        dtypes = [
            "uint8",
            "uint16",
            "uint32",
            "uint64",
            "int8",
            "int16",
            "int32",
            "int64",
            "float16",
            "float32",
            "complex64",
        ]

        for dtype in dtypes:
            with self.subTest(dtype=dtype):
                x = np.array(2, dtype=getattr(np, dtype))
                y = np.min(x)

                self.assertEqual(x.dtype, y.dtype)
                self.assertTupleEqual(x.shape, y.shape)

                z = mx.array(y)
                self.assertEqual(np.array(z), x)
                self.assertEqual(np.array(z), y)
                self.assertEqual(z.dtype, getattr(mx, dtype))
                self.assertListEqual(list(z.shape), list(x.shape))
                self.assertListEqual(list(z.shape), list(y.shape))

    def test_finfo(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            mx.finfo(mx.int32)

        self.assertEqual(mx.finfo(mx.float32).min, np.finfo(np.float32).min)
        self.assertEqual(mx.finfo(mx.float32).max, np.finfo(np.float32).max)
        self.assertEqual(mx.finfo(mx.float32).eps, np.finfo(np.float32).eps)
        self.assertEqual(mx.finfo(mx.float32).dtype, mx.float32)

        self.assertEqual(mx.finfo(mx.float16).min, np.finfo(np.float16).min)
        self.assertEqual(mx.finfo(mx.float16).max, np.finfo(np.float16).max)
        self.assertEqual(mx.finfo(mx.float16).eps, np.finfo(np.float16).eps)
        self.assertEqual(mx.finfo(mx.float16).dtype, mx.float16)

    def test_iinfo(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            mx.iinfo(mx.float32)

        self.assertEqual(mx.iinfo(mx.int32).min, np.iinfo(np.int32).min)
        self.assertEqual(mx.iinfo(mx.int32).max, np.iinfo(np.int32).max)
        self.assertEqual(mx.iinfo(mx.int32).dtype, mx.int32)

        self.assertEqual(mx.iinfo(mx.uint32).min, np.iinfo(np.uint32).min)
        self.assertEqual(mx.iinfo(mx.uint32).max, np.iinfo(np.uint32).max)
        self.assertEqual(mx.iinfo(mx.int8).dtype, mx.int8)


class TestEquality(mlx_tests.MLXTestCase):
    def test_array_eq_array(self):
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        b = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        c = mx.array([1, 2, 4])
        self.assertTrue(mx.all(a == b))
        self.assertFalse(mx.all(a == c))

    def test_array_eq_scalar(self):
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        b = 1
        c = 4
        d = 2.5
        e = mx.array([1, 2.5, 3.25])
        self.assertTrue(mx.any(a == b))
        self.assertFalse(mx.all(a == c))
        self.assertFalse(mx.all(a == d))
        self.assertTrue(mx.any(a == e))

    def test_list_equals_array(self):
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        b = [1, 2, 3]
        c = [1, 2, 4]

        # mlx array equality returns false if is compared with any kind of
        # object which is not an mlx array
        self.assertFalse(a == b)
        self.assertFalse(a == c)

    def test_tuple_equals_array(self):
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        b = (1, 2, 3)
        c = (1, 2, 4)

        # mlx array equality returns false if is compared with any kind of
        # object which is not an mlx array
        self.assertFalse(a == b)
        self.assertFalse(a == c)


class TestInequality(mlx_tests.MLXTestCase):
    def test_array_ne_array(self):
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        b = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        c = mx.array([1, 2, 4])
        self.assertFalse(mx.any(a != b))
        self.assertTrue(mx.any(a != c))

    def test_array_ne_scalar(self):
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        b = 1
        c = 4
        d = 1.5
        e = 2.5
        f = mx.array([1, 2.5, 3.25])
        self.assertFalse(mx.all(a != b))
        self.assertTrue(mx.any(a != c))
        self.assertTrue(mx.any(a != d))
        self.assertTrue(mx.any(a != e))
        self.assertFalse(mx.all(a != f))

    def test_list_not_equals_array(self):
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        b = [1, 2, 3]
        c = [1, 2, 4]

        # mlx array inequality returns true if is compared with any kind of
        # object which is not an mlx array
        self.assertTrue(a != b)
        self.assertTrue(a != c)

    def test_dlx_device_type(self):
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        device_type, device_id = a.__dlpack_device__()
        self.assertIn(device_type, [1, 8, 13])
        self.assertEqual(device_id, 0)

        if device_type == 8:
            # Additional check if Metal is supposed to be available
            self.assertTrue(mx.metal.is_available())
        elif device_type == 1:
            # Additional check if CPU is the fallback
            self.assertFalse(mx.metal.is_available())

    def test_tuple_not_equals_array(self):
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        b = (1, 2, 3)
        c = (1, 2, 4)

        # mlx array inequality returns true if is compared with any kind of
        # object which is not an mlx array
        self.assertTrue(a != b)
        self.assertTrue(a != c)

    def test_obj_inequality_array(self):
        str_ = "hello"
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        lst_ = [1, 2, 3]
        tpl_ = (1, 2, 3)

        # check if object comparison(</>/<=/>=) with mlx array should throw an exception
        # if not, the tests will fail
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a < str_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a > str_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a <= str_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a >= str_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a < lst_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a > lst_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a <= lst_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a >= lst_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a < tpl_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a > tpl_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a <= tpl_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a >= tpl_

    def test_invalid_op_on_array(self):
        str_ = "hello"
        a = mx.array([1, 2.5, 3.25])
        lst_ = [1, 2.1, 3.25]
        tpl_ = (1, 2.5, 3.25)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a * str_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a *= str_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a /= lst_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a // lst_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a % lst_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a**tpl_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a & tpl_
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a | str_


class TestArray(mlx_tests.MLXTestCase):
    def test_array_basics(self):
        x = mx.array(1)
        self.assertEqual(x.size, 1)
        self.assertEqual(x.ndim, 0)
        self.assertEqual(x.itemsize, 4)
        self.assertEqual(x.nbytes, 4)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, ())
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.int32)
        self.assertEqual(x.item(), 1)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(x.item(), int))

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            len(x)

        x = mx.array(1, mx.uint32)
        self.assertEqual(x.item(), 1)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(x.item(), int))

        x = mx.array(1, mx.int64)
        self.assertEqual(x.item(), 1)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(x.item(), int))

        x = mx.array(1, mx.bfloat16)
        self.assertEqual(x.item(), 1.0)

        x = mx.array(1.0)
        self.assertEqual(x.size, 1)
        self.assertEqual(x.ndim, 0)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, ())
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)
        self.assertEqual(x.item(), 1.0)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(x.item(), float))

        x = mx.array(False)
        self.assertEqual(x.size, 1)
        self.assertEqual(x.ndim, 0)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, ())
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.bool_)
        self.assertEqual(x.item(), False)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(x.item(), bool))

        x = mx.array(complex(1, 1))
        self.assertEqual(x.ndim, 0)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, ())
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.complex64)
        self.assertEqual(x.item(), complex(1, 1))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(x.item(), complex))

        x = mx.array([True, False, True])
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.bool_)
        self.assertEqual(x.ndim, 1)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (3,))
        self.assertEqual(len(x), 3)

        x = mx.array([True, False, True], mx.float32)
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)

        x = mx.array([0, 1, 2])
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.int32)
        self.assertEqual(x.ndim, 1)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (3,))

        x = mx.array([0, 1, 2], mx.float32)
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)

        x = mx.array([0.0, 1.0, 2.0])
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)
        self.assertEqual(x.ndim, 1)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (3,))

        x = mx.array([1j, 1 + 0j])
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.complex64)
        self.assertEqual(x.ndim, 1)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (2,))

        # From tuple
        x = mx.array((1, 2, 3), mx.int32)
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.int32)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), [1, 2, 3])

    def test_bool_conversion(self):
        x = mx.array(True)
        self.assertTrue(x)
        x = mx.array(False)
        self.assertFalse(x)
        x = mx.array(1.0)
        self.assertTrue(x)
        x = mx.array(0.0)
        self.assertFalse(x)

    def test_int_type(self):
        x = mx.array(1)
        self.assertTrue(x.dtype == mx.int32)
        x = mx.array(2**32 - 1)
        self.assertTrue(x.dtype == mx.int64)
        x = mx.array(2**40)
        self.assertTrue(x.dtype == mx.int64)
        x = mx.array(2**32 - 1, dtype=mx.uint32)
        self.assertTrue(x.dtype == mx.uint32)
        x = mx.array([1, 2], dtype=mx.int64) + 0x80000000
        self.assertTrue(x.dtype == mx.int64)

    def test_construction_from_lists(self):
        x = mx.array([])
        self.assertEqual(x.size, 0)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (0,))
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)

        x = mx.array([[], [], []])
        self.assertEqual(x.size, 0)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (3, 0))
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)

        x = mx.array([[[], []], [[], []], [[], []]])
        self.assertEqual(x.size, 0)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (3, 2, 0))
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)

        # Check failure cases
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            x = mx.array([[[], []], [[]], [[], []]])

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            x = mx.array([[[], []], [[1.0, 2.0], []], [[], []]])

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            x = mx.array([[0, 1], [[0, 1], 1]])

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            x = mx.array([[0, 1], ["hello", 1]])

        x = mx.array([True, False, 3])
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.int32)

        x = mx.array([True, False, 3, 4.0])
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)

        x = mx.array([[True, False], [1, 3], [2, 4.0]])
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)

        x = mx.array([[1.0, 2.0], [0.0, 3.9]], mx.bool_)
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.bool_)
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(x, mx.array([[True, True], [False, True]])))

        x = mx.array([[1.0, 2.0], [0.0, 3.9]], mx.int32)
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(x, mx.array([[1, 2], [0, 3]])))

        x = mx.array([1 + 0j, 2j, True, 0], mx.complex64)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), [1 + 0j, 2j, 1 + 0j, 0j])

        xnp = np.array([0, 4294967295], dtype=np.uint32)
        x = mx.array([0, 4294967295], dtype=mx.uint32)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(x, xnp))

        xnp = np.array([0, 4294967295], dtype=np.float32)
        x = mx.array([0, 4294967295], dtype=mx.float32)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(x, xnp))

    def test_construction_from_lists_of_mlx_arrays(self):
        dtypes = [
            mx.bool_,
            mx.uint8,
            mx.uint16,
            mx.uint32,
            mx.uint64,
            mx.int8,
            mx.int16,
            mx.int32,
            mx.int64,
            mx.float16,
            mx.float32,
            mx.bfloat16,
            mx.complex64,
        ]
        for x_t, y_t in permutations(dtypes, 2):
            # check type promotion and numeric correctness
            x, y = mx.array([1.0], x_t), mx.array([2.0], y_t)
            z = mx.array([x, y])
            expected = mx.stack([x, y], axis=0)
            self.assertEqualArray(z, expected)

            # check heterogeneous construction with mlx arrays and python primitive types
            x, y = mx.array([True], x_t), mx.array([False], y_t)
            z = mx.array([[x, [2.0]], [[3.0], y]])
            expected = mx.array([[[x.item()], [2.0]], [[3.0], [y.item()]]], z.dtype)
            self.assertEqualArray(z, expected)

        # check when create from an array which does not contain memory to the raw data
        x = mx.array([1.0]).astype(mx.bfloat16)  # x does not hold raw data
        for y_t in dtypes:
            y = mx.array([2.0], y_t)
            z = mx.array([x, y])
            expected = mx.stack([x, y], axis=0)
            self.assertEqualArray(z, expected)

        # shape check from `stack()`
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as e:
            mx.array([x, 1.0])
        self.assertEqual(
            str(e.exception), "Initialization encountered non-uniform length."
        )

        # shape check from `validate_shape`
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as e:
            mx.array([1.0, x])
        self.assertEqual(
            str(e.exception), "Initialization encountered non-uniform length."
        )

        # check that `[mx.array, ...]` retains the `mx.array` in the graph
        def f(x):
            y = mx.array([x, mx.array([2.0])])
            return (2 * y).sum()

        x = mx.array([1.0])
        dfdx = mx.grad(f)
        self.assertEqual(dfdx(x).item(), 2.0)

    def test_init_from_array(self):
        x = mx.array(3.0)
        y = mx.array(x)

        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(x, y))

        y = mx.array(x, mx.int32)
        self.assertEqual(y.dtype, mx.int32)
        self.assertEqual(y.item(), 3)

        y = mx.array(x, mx.bool_)
        self.assertEqual(y.dtype, mx.bool_)
        self.assertEqual(y.item(), True)

        y = mx.array(x, mx.complex64)
        self.assertEqual(y.dtype, mx.complex64)
        self.assertEqual(y.item(), 3.0 + 0j)

    def test_array_repr(self):
        x = mx.array(True)
        self.assertEqual(str(x), "array(True, dtype=bool)")
        x = mx.array(1)
        self.assertEqual(str(x), "array(1, dtype=int32)")
        x = mx.array(1.0)
        self.assertEqual(str(x), "array(1, dtype=float32)")

        x = mx.array([1, 0, 1])
        self.assertEqual(str(x), "array([1, 0, 1], dtype=int32)")

        x = mx.array([1] * 6)
        expected = "array([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], dtype=int32)"
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)

        x = mx.array([1] * 7)
        expected = "array([1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 1], dtype=int32)"
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)

        x = mx.array([[1, 2], [1, 2], [1, 2]])
        expected = "array([[1, 2],\n       [1, 2],\n       [1, 2]], dtype=int32)"
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)

        x = mx.array([[[1, 2], [1, 2]], [[1, 2], [1, 2]]])
        expected = (
            "array([[[1, 2],\n"
            "        [1, 2]],\n"
            "       [[1, 2],\n"
            "        [1, 2]]], dtype=int32)"
        )
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)

        x = mx.array([[1, 2]] * 6)
        expected = (
            "array([[1, 2],\n"
            "       [1, 2],\n"
            "       [1, 2],\n"
            "       [1, 2],\n"
            "       [1, 2],\n"
            "       [1, 2]], dtype=int32)"
        )
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)
        x = mx.array([[1, 2]] * 7)
        expected = (
            "array([[1, 2],\n"
            "       [1, 2],\n"
            "       [1, 2],\n"
            "       ...,\n"
            "       [1, 2],\n"
            "       [1, 2],\n"
            "       [1, 2]], dtype=int32)"
        )
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)

        x = mx.array([1], dtype=mx.int8)
        expected = "array([1], dtype=int8)"
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)
        x = mx.array([1], dtype=mx.int16)
        expected = "array([1], dtype=int16)"
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)
        x = mx.array([1], dtype=mx.uint8)
        expected = "array([1], dtype=uint8)"
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)

        # Fp16 is not supported in all platforms
        x = mx.array([1.2], dtype=mx.float16)
        expected = "array([1.2002], dtype=float16)"
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)

        x = mx.array([1 + 1j], dtype=mx.complex64)
        expected = "array([1+1j], dtype=complex64)"
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)
        x = mx.array([1 - 1j], dtype=mx.complex64)
        expected = "array([1-1j], dtype=complex64)"

        x = mx.array([1 + 1j], dtype=mx.complex64)
        expected = "array([1+1j], dtype=complex64)"
        self.assertEqual(str(x), expected)
        x = mx.array([1 - 1j], dtype=mx.complex64)
        expected = "array([1-1j], dtype=complex64)"

    def test_array_to_list(self):
        types = [mx.bool_, mx.uint32, mx.int32, mx.int64, mx.float32]
        for t in types:
            x = mx.array(1, t)
            self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), 1)

        vals = [1, 2, 3, 4]
        x = mx.array(vals)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), vals)

        vals = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
        x = mx.array(vals)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), vals)

        vals = [[1, 0], [0, 1]]
        x = mx.array(vals, mx.bool_)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), vals)

        vals = [[1.5, 2.5], [3.5, 4.5]]
        x = mx.array(vals)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), vals)

        vals = [[[0.5, 1.5], [2.5, 3.5]], [[4.5, 5.5], [6.5, 7.5]]]
        x = mx.array(vals)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), vals)

        # Empty arrays
        vals = []
        x = mx.array(vals)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), vals)

        vals = [[], []]
        x = mx.array(vals)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), vals)

        # Complex arrays
        vals = [0.5 + 0j, 1.5 + 1j, 2.5 + 0j, 3.5 + 1j]
        x = mx.array(vals)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), vals)

        # Half types
        vals = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]
        x = mx.array(vals, dtype=mx.float16)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), vals)

        x = mx.array(vals, dtype=mx.bfloat16)
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), vals)

    def test_array_np_conversion(self):
        # Shape test
        a = np.array([])
        x = mx.array(a)
        self.assertEqual(x.size, 0)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (0,))
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)

        a = np.array([[], [], []])
        x = mx.array(a)
        self.assertEqual(x.size, 0)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (3, 0))
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)

        a = np.array([[[], []], [[], []], [[], []]])
        x = mx.array(a)
        self.assertEqual(x.size, 0)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (3, 2, 0))
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)

        # Content test
        a = 2.0 * np.ones((3, 5, 4))
        x = mx.array(a)
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.float32)
        self.assertEqual(x.ndim, 3)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (3, 5, 4))

        y = np.asarray(x)
        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(a, y))

        a = np.array(3, dtype=np.int32)
        x = mx.array(a)
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, mx.int32)
        self.assertEqual(x.ndim, 0)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, ())
        self.assertEqual(x.item(), 3)

        # mlx to numpy test
        x = mx.array([True, False, True])
        y = np.asarray(x)
        self.assertEqual(y.dtype, np.bool_)
        self.assertEqual(y.ndim, 1)
        self.assertEqual(y.shape, (3,))
        self.assertEqual(y[0], True)
        self.assertEqual(y[1], False)
        self.assertEqual(y[2], True)

        # complex64 mx <-> np
        cvals = [0j, 1, 1 + 1j]
        x = np.array(cvals)
        y = mx.array(x)
        self.assertEqual(y.dtype, mx.complex64)
        self.assertEqual(y.shape, (3,))
        self.assertEqual(y.tolist(), cvals)

        y = mx.array([0j, 1, 1 + 1j])
        x = np.asarray(y)
        self.assertEqual(x.dtype, np.complex64)
        self.assertEqual(x.shape, (3,))
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), cvals)

    def test_array_np_dtype_conversion(self):
        dtypes_list = [
            (mx.bool_, np.bool_),
            (mx.uint8, np.uint8),
            (mx.uint16, np.uint16),
            (mx.uint32, np.uint32),
            (mx.uint64, np.uint64),
            (mx.int8, np.int8),
            (mx.int16, np.int16),
            (mx.int32, np.int32),
            (mx.int64, np.int64),
            (mx.float16, np.float16),
            (mx.float32, np.float32),
            (mx.complex64, np.complex64),
        ]

        for mlx_dtype, np_dtype in dtypes_list:
            a_npy = np.random.uniform(low=0, high=100, size=(32,)).astype(np_dtype)
            a_mlx = mx.array(a_npy)

            self.assertEqual(a_mlx.dtype, mlx_dtype)
            self.assertTrue(np.allclose(a_mlx, a_npy))

            b_mlx = mx.random.uniform(
                low=0,
                high=10,
                shape=(32,),
            ).astype(mlx_dtype)
            b_npy = np.array(b_mlx)

            self.assertEqual(b_npy.dtype, np_dtype)

    def test_array_from_noncontiguous_np(self):
        for t in [np.int8, np.int32, np.float16, np.float32, np.complex64]:
            np_arr = np.random.uniform(size=(10, 10)).astype(np.complex64)
            np_arr = np_arr.T
            mx_arr = mx.array(np_arr)
            self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(np_arr, mx_arr))

    def test_array_np_shape_dim_check(self):
        a_npy = np.empty(2**31, dtype=np.bool_)
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as e:
            mx.array(a_npy)
        self.assertEqual(
            str(e.exception), "Shape dimension falls outside supported `int` range."
        )

    def test_dtype_promotion(self):
        dtypes_list = [
            (mx.bool_, np.bool_),
            (mx.uint8, np.uint8),
            (mx.uint16, np.uint16),
            (mx.uint32, np.uint32),
            (mx.uint64, np.uint64),
            (mx.int8, np.int8),
            (mx.int16, np.int16),
            (mx.int32, np.int32),
            (mx.int64, np.int64),
            (mx.float32, np.float32),
        ]

        promotion_pairs = permutations(dtypes_list, 2)

        for (mlx_dt_1, np_dt_1), (mlx_dt_2, np_dt_2) in promotion_pairs:
            with self.subTest(dtype1=np_dt_1, dtype2=np_dt_2):
                a_npy = np.ones((3,), dtype=np_dt_1)
                b_npy = np.ones((3,), dtype=np_dt_2)

                c_npy = a_npy + b_npy

                a_mlx = mx.ones((3,), dtype=mlx_dt_1)
                b_mlx = mx.ones((3,), dtype=mlx_dt_2)

                c_mlx = a_mlx + b_mlx

                self.assertEqual(c_mlx.dtype, mx.array(c_npy).dtype)

        a_mlx = mx.ones((3,), dtype=mx.float16)
        b_mlx = mx.ones((3,), dtype=mx.float32)
        c_mlx = a_mlx + b_mlx

        self.assertEqual(c_mlx.dtype, mx.float32)

        b_mlx = mx.ones((3,), dtype=mx.int32)
        c_mlx = a_mlx + b_mlx

        self.assertEqual(c_mlx.dtype, mx.float16)

    def test_dtype_python_scalar_promotion(self):
        tests = [
            (mx.bool_, operator.mul, False, mx.bool_),
            (mx.bool_, operator.mul, 0, mx.int32),
            (mx.bool_, operator.mul, 1.0, mx.float32),
            (mx.int8, operator.mul, False, mx.int8),
            (mx.int8, operator.mul, 0, mx.int8),
            (mx.int8, operator.mul, 1.0, mx.float32),
            (mx.int16, operator.mul, False, mx.int16),
            (mx.int16, operator.mul, 0, mx.int16),
            (mx.int16, operator.mul, 1.0, mx.float32),
            (mx.int32, operator.mul, False, mx.int32),
            (mx.int32, operator.mul, 0, mx.int32),
            (mx.int32, operator.mul, 1.0, mx.float32),
            (mx.int64, operator.mul, False, mx.int64),
            (mx.int64, operator.mul, 0, mx.int64),
            (mx.int64, operator.mul, 1.0, mx.float32),
            (mx.uint8, operator.mul, False, mx.uint8),
            (mx.uint8, operator.mul, 0, mx.uint8),
            (mx.uint8, operator.mul, 1.0, mx.float32),
            (mx.uint16, operator.mul, False, mx.uint16),
            (mx.uint16, operator.mul, 0, mx.uint16),
            (mx.uint16, operator.mul, 1.0, mx.float32),
            (mx.uint32, operator.mul, False, mx.uint32),
            (mx.uint32, operator.mul, 0, mx.uint32),
            (mx.uint32, operator.mul, 1.0, mx.float32),
            (mx.uint64, operator.mul, False, mx.uint64),
            (mx.uint64, operator.mul, 0, mx.uint64),
            (mx.uint64, operator.mul, 1.0, mx.float32),
            (mx.float32, operator.mul, False, mx.float32),
            (mx.float32, operator.mul, 0, mx.float32),
            (mx.float32, operator.mul, 1.0, mx.float32),
            (mx.float16, operator.mul, False, mx.float16),
            (mx.float16, operator.mul, 0, mx.float16),
            (mx.float16, operator.mul, 1.0, mx.float16),
        ]

        for dtype_in, f, v, dtype_out in tests:
            x = mx.array(0, dtype_in)
            y = f(x, v)
            self.assertEqual(y.dtype, dtype_out)

    def test_array_comparison(self):
        a = mx.array([0.0, 1.0, 5.0])
        b = mx.array([-1.0, 2.0, 5.0])

        self.assertEqual((a < b).tolist(), [False, True, False])
        self.assertEqual((a <= b).tolist(), [False, True, True])
        self.assertEqual((a > b).tolist(), [True, False, False])
        self.assertEqual((a >= b).tolist(), [True, False, True])

        self.assertEqual((a < 5).tolist(), [True, True, False])
        self.assertEqual((5 < a).tolist(), [False, False, False])
        self.assertEqual((5 <= a).tolist(), [False, False, True])
        self.assertEqual((a > 1).tolist(), [False, False, True])
        self.assertEqual((a >= 1).tolist(), [False, True, True])

    def test_array_neg(self):
        a = mx.array([-1.0, 4.0, 0.0])

        self.assertEqual((-a).tolist(), [1.0, -4.0, 0.0])

    def test_array_type_cast(self):
        a = mx.array([0.1, 2.3, -1.3])
        b = [0, 2, -1]

        self.assertEqual(a.astype(mx.int32).tolist(), b)
        self.assertEqual(a.astype(mx.int32).dtype, mx.int32)

        b = mx.array(b).astype(mx.float32)
        self.assertEqual(b.dtype, mx.float32)

    def test_array_iteration(self):
        a = mx.array([0, 1, 2])

        for i, x in enumerate(a):
            self.assertEqual(x.item(), i)

        a = mx.array([[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0], [5.0, 6.0]])
        x, y, z = a
        self.assertEqual(x.tolist(), [1.0, 2.0])
        self.assertEqual(y.tolist(), [3.0, 4.0])
        self.assertEqual(z.tolist(), [5.0, 6.0])

    def test_array_pickle(self):
        dtypes = [
            mx.int8,
            mx.int16,
            mx.int32,
            mx.int64,
            mx.uint8,
            mx.uint16,
            mx.uint32,
            mx.uint64,
            mx.float16,
            mx.float32,
            mx.bfloat16,
            mx.complex64,
        ]

        for dtype in dtypes:
            x = mx.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]], dtype=dtype)
            state = pickle.dumps(x)
            y = pickle.loads(state)
            self.assertEqualArray(y, x)

    def test_array_copy(self):
        dtypes = [
            mx.int8,
            mx.int16,
            mx.int32,
            mx.int64,
            mx.uint8,
            mx.uint16,
            mx.uint32,
            mx.uint64,
            mx.float16,
            mx.float32,
            mx.bfloat16,
            mx.complex64,
        ]

        for copy_function in [copy, deepcopy]:
            for dtype in dtypes:
                x = mx.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]], dtype=dtype)
                y = copy_function(x)
                self.assertEqualArray(y, x)

                y -= 1
                self.assertEqualArray(y, x - 1)

    def test_indexing(self):
        # Only ellipsis is a no-op
        a_mlx = mx.array([1])[...]
        self.assertEqual(a_mlx.shape, (1,))
        self.assertEqual(a_mlx.item(), 1)

        # Basic content check, slice indexing
        a_npy = np.arange(64, dtype=np.float32)
        a_mlx = mx.array(a_npy)
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[2:50:4]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[2:50:4]))

        # Basic content check, mlx array indexing
        a_npy = np.arange(64, dtype=np.int32)
        a_npy = a_npy.reshape((8, 8))
        a_mlx = mx.array(a_npy)
        idx_npy = np.array([0, 1, 2, 7, 5], dtype=np.uint32)
        idx_mlx = mx.array(idx_npy)
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[idx_mlx]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[idx_npy]))

        # Basic content check, int indexing
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[5]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[5]))
        self.assertEqual(len(a_sliced_npy.shape), len(a_npy[5].shape))
        self.assertEqual(len(a_sliced_npy.shape), 1)
        self.assertEqual(a_sliced_npy.shape[0], a_npy[5].shape[0])

        # Basic content check, negative indexing
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[-1]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_mlx, a_npy[-1]))

        # Basic content check, empty index
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[()]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[()]))

        # Basic content check, new axis
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[None]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[None]))

        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[:, None]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[:, None]))

        # Multi dim indexing, all ints
        self.assertEqual(a_mlx[0, 0].item(), 0)
        self.assertEqual(a_mlx[0, 0].ndim, 0)

        # Multi dim indexing, all slices
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[2:4, 5:]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[2:4, 5:]))

        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[:, 0:5]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[:, 0:5]))

        # Slicing, strides
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[:, ::2]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[:, ::2]))

        # Slicing, -ve index
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[-2:, :-1]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[-2:, :-1]))

        # Slicing, start > end
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[8:3]
        self.assertEqual(a_sliced_mlx.size, 0)

        # Slicing, Clipping past the end
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[7:10]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[7:10]))

        # Multi dim indexing, int and slices
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[0, :5]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[0, :5]))

        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[:, -1]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[:, -1]))

        # Multi dim indexing, int and array
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[idx_mlx, 0]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[idx_npy, 0]))

        # Multi dim indexing, array and slices
        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[idx_mlx, :5]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[idx_npy, :5]))

        a_sliced_mlx = a_mlx[:, idx_mlx]
        a_sliced_npy = np.asarray(a_sliced_mlx)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_sliced_npy, a_npy[:, idx_npy]))

        # Multi dim indexing with multiple arrays
        def check_slices(arr_np, *idx_np):
            arr_mlx = mx.array(arr_np)
            idx_mlx = [
                mx.array(idx) if isinstance(idx, np.ndarray) else idx for idx in idx_np
            ]
            slice_mlx = arr_mlx[tuple(idx_mlx)]
            self.assertTrue(
                np.array_equal(arr_np[tuple(idx_np)], arr_mlx[tuple(idx_mlx)])
            )

        a_np = np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
        check_slices(a_np, np.array([0, 1, 2, 3]), np.array([0, 1, 2, 3]))
        check_slices(a_np, np.array([0, 1, 2, 3]), np.array([1, 0, 3, 3]))
        check_slices(a_np, np.array([[0, 1]]), np.array([[0], [1], [3]]))

        a_np = np.arange(64).reshape(2, 4, 2, 4)
        check_slices(a_np, 0, np.array([0, 1, 2]))
        check_slices(a_np, slice(0, 1), np.array([0, 1, 2]))
        check_slices(
            a_np, slice(0, 1), np.array([0, 1, 2]), slice(None), slice(0, 4, 2)
        )
        check_slices(
            a_np, slice(0, 1), np.array([0, 1, 2]), slice(None), np.array([1, 2, 0])
        )
        check_slices(a_np, slice(0, 1), np.array([0, 1, 2]), 1, np.array([1, 2, 0]))
        check_slices(
            a_np, slice(0, 1), np.array([0, 1, 2]), np.array([1, 0, 0]), slice(0, 1)
        )
        check_slices(
            a_np,
            slice(0, 1),
            np.array([[0], [1], [2]]),
            np.array([[1, 0, 0]]),
            slice(0, 1),
        )
        check_slices(
            a_np,
            slice(0, 2),
            np.array([[0], [1], [2]]),
            slice(0, 2),
            np.array([[1, 0, 0]]),
        )
        for p in permutations([slice(None), slice(None), 0, np.array([1, 0])]):
            check_slices(a_np, *p)
        for p in permutations(
            [slice(None), slice(None), 0, np.array([1, 0]), None, None]
        ):
            check_slices(a_np, *p)
        for p in permutations([0, np.array([1, 0]), None, Ellipsis, slice(None)]):
            check_slices(a_np, *p)

        # Non-contiguous arrays in slicing
        a_mlx = mx.reshape(mx.arange(128), (16, 8))
        a_mlx = a_mlx[::2, :]
        a_np = np.array(a_mlx)
        idx_np = np.arange(8)[::2]
        idx_mlx = mx.arange(8)[::2]
        self.assertTrue(
            np.array_equal(a_np[idx_np, idx_np], np.array(a_mlx[idx_mlx, idx_mlx]))
        )

        # Slicing with negative indices and integer
        a_np = np.arange(10).reshape(5, 2)
        a_mlx = mx.array(a_np)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a_np[2:-1, 0], np.array(a_mlx[2:-1, 0])))

    def test_indexing_grad(self):
        x = mx.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]).astype(mx.float32)
        ind = mx.array([0, 1, 0]).astype(mx.float32)

        def index_fn(x, ind):
            return x[ind.astype(mx.int32)].sum()

        grad_x, grad_ind = mx.grad(index_fn, argnums=(0, 1))(x, ind)
        expected = mx.array([[2, 2], [1, 1]])

        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(grad_x, expected))
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(grad_ind, mx.zeros(ind.shape)))

    def test_setitem(self):
        a = mx.array(0)
        a[None] = 1
        self.assertEqual(a.item(), 1)

        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        a[0] = 2
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [2, 2, 3])

        a[-1] = 2
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [2, 2, 2])

        a[0] = mx.array([[[1]]])
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [1, 2, 2])

        a[:] = 0
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [0, 0, 0])

        a[None] = 1
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [1, 1, 1])

        a[0:1] = 2
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [2, 1, 1])

        a[0:2] = 3
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [3, 3, 1])

        a[0:3] = 4
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [4, 4, 4])

        a[0:1] = mx.array(0)
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [0, 4, 4])

        a[0:1] = mx.array([1])
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [1, 4, 4])

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a[0:1] = mx.array([2, 3])

        a[0:2] = mx.array([2, 2])
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [2, 2, 4])

        a[:] = mx.array([[[[1, 1, 1]]]])
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [1, 1, 1])

        # Array slices
        def check_slices(arr_np, update_np, *idx_np):
            arr_mlx = mx.array(arr_np)
            update_mlx = mx.array(update_np)
            idx_mlx = [
                mx.array(idx) if isinstance(idx, np.ndarray) else idx for idx in idx_np
            ]
            if len(idx_np) > 1:
                idx_np = tuple(idx_np)
                idx_mlx = tuple(idx_mlx)
            else:
                idx_np = idx_np[0]
                idx_mlx = idx_mlx[0]
            arr_np[idx_np] = update_np
            arr_mlx[idx_mlx] = update_mlx
            self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(arr_np, arr_mlx))

        check_slices(np.zeros((3, 3)), 1, 0)
        check_slices(np.zeros((3, 3)), 1, -1)
        check_slices(np.zeros((3, 3)), 1, slice(0, 2))
        check_slices(np.zeros((3, 3)), np.array([[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]]), slice(0, 2))

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a = mx.array(0)
            a[0] = mx.array(1)

        check_slices(np.zeros((3, 3)), 1, np.array([0, 1, 2]))
        check_slices(np.zeros((3, 3)), np.array(3), np.array([0, 1, 2]))
        check_slices(np.zeros((3, 3)), np.array([3]), np.array([0, 1, 2]))
        check_slices(np.zeros((3, 3)), np.array([3]), np.array([0, 1]))
        check_slices(np.zeros((3, 2)), np.array([[3, 3], [4, 4]]), np.array([0, 1]))
        check_slices(np.zeros((3, 2)), np.array([[3, 3], [4, 4]]), np.array([0, 1]))
        check_slices(
            np.zeros((3, 2)), np.array([[3, 3], [4, 4], [5, 5]]), np.array([0, 2, 1])
        )

        # Multiple slices
        a = mx.array(0)
        a[None, None] = 1
        self.assertEqual(a.item(), 1)

        a[None, None] = mx.array(2)
        self.assertEqual(a.item(), 2)

        a[None, None] = mx.array([[[3]]])
        self.assertEqual(a.item(), 3)

        a[()] = 4
        self.assertEqual(a.item(), 4)

        a_np = np.zeros((2, 3, 4, 5))
        check_slices(a_np, 1, np.array([0, 0]), slice(0, 2), slice(0, 3), 4)
        check_slices(
            a_np,
            np.arange(10).reshape(2, 5),
            np.array([0, 0]),
            np.array([0, 1]),
            np.array([2, 3]),
        )
        check_slices(
            a_np,
            np.array([[3], [4]]),
            np.array([0, 0]),
            np.array([0, 1]),
            np.array([2, 3]),
        )
        check_slices(
            a_np, np.arange(5), np.array([0, 0]), np.array([0, 1]), np.array([2, 3])
        )
        check_slices(np.zeros(5), np.arange(2), None, None, np.array([2, 3]))
        check_slices(
            np.zeros((4, 3, 4)),
            np.arange(3),
            np.array([2, 3]),
            slice(0, 3),
            np.array([2, 3]),
        )

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a = mx.zeros((4, 3, 4))
            a[mx.array([2, 3]), None, mx.array([2, 3])] = mx.arange(2)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a = mx.zeros((4, 3, 4))
            a[mx.array([2, 3]), None, mx.array([2, 3])] = mx.arange(3)

        check_slices(np.zeros((4, 3, 4)), 1, np.array([2, 3]), None, np.array([2, 1]))
        check_slices(
            np.zeros((4, 3, 4)), np.arange(4), np.array([2, 3]), None, np.array([2, 1])
        )
        check_slices(
            np.zeros((4, 3, 4)),
            np.arange(2 * 4).reshape(2, 1, 4),
            np.array([2, 3]),
            None,
            np.array([2, 1]),
        )

        check_slices(np.zeros((4, 4)), 1, slice(0, 2), slice(0, 2))
        check_slices(np.zeros((4, 4)), np.arange(2), slice(0, 2), slice(0, 2))
        check_slices(
            np.zeros((4, 4)), np.arange(2).reshape(2, 1), slice(0, 2), slice(0, 2)
        )
        check_slices(
            np.zeros((4, 4)), np.arange(4).reshape(2, 2), slice(0, 2), slice(0, 2)
        )

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a = mx.zeros((2, 2, 2))
            a[..., ...] = 1

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a = mx.zeros((2, 2, 2, 2, 2))
            a[0, ..., 0, ..., 0] = 1

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a = mx.zeros((2, 2))
            a[0, 0, 0] = 1

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a = mx.zeros((5, 4, 3))
            a[:, 0] = mx.ones((5, 1, 3))

        check_slices(np.zeros((2, 2, 2, 2)), 1, None, Ellipsis, None)
        check_slices(
            np.zeros((2, 2, 2, 2)), 1, np.array([0, 1]), Ellipsis, np.array([0, 1])
        )
        check_slices(
            np.zeros((2, 2, 2, 2)),
            np.arange(2 * 2 * 2).reshape(2, 2, 2),
            np.array([0, 1]),
            Ellipsis,
            np.array([0, 1]),
        )

        # Check slice assign with negative indices works
        a = mx.zeros((5, 5), mx.int32)
        a[2:-2, 2:-2] = 4
        self.assertEqual(a[2, 2].item(), 4)

        # Check slice array slice
        check_slices(
            np.zeros((5, 4, 4)),
            np.arange(4 * 2 * 3).reshape(4, 2, 3),
            slice(0, 4),
            np.array([1, 3]),
            slice(None, -1),
        )
        check_slices(
            np.zeros((5, 4, 4)),
            np.arange(4 * 2 * 2).reshape(4, 2, 2),
            slice(0, 4),
            np.array([1, 3]),
            slice(0, 4, 2),
        )

        check_slices(
            np.zeros((1, 10, 4)),
            np.arange(2 * 4).reshape(1, 2, 4),
            slice(None, None, None),
            np.array([1, 3]),
        )

        check_slices(
            np.zeros((3, 4, 5, 3)),
            np.arange(2 * 4 * 3 * 3).reshape(2, 4, 3, 3),
            np.array([2, 1]),
            slice(None, None, None),
            slice(None, None, 2),
            slice(None, None, None),
        )

        check_slices(
            np.zeros((3, 4, 5, 3)),
            np.arange(2 * 4 * 3 * 3).reshape(2, 4, 3, 3),
            np.array([2, 1]),
            slice(None, None, None),
            slice(None, None, 2),
        )

        check_slices(np.zeros((5, 4, 3)), np.ones((5, 3)), slice(None), 0)

        check_slices(np.zeros((5, 4, 3)), np.ones((5, 1, 3)), slice(None), slice(0, 1))
        check_slices(
            np.ones((3, 4, 4, 4)), np.zeros((4, 4)), 0, slice(0, 4), 3, slice(0, 4)
        )

        x = mx.zeros((2, 3, 4, 5, 3))
        x[..., 0] = 1.0
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(x[..., 0], mx.ones((2, 3, 4, 5))))

        x = mx.zeros((2, 3, 4, 5, 3))
        x[:, 0] = 1.0
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(x[:, 0], mx.ones((2, 4, 5, 3))))

        x = mx.zeros((2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2))
        x[0, 0] = 1
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(x[0, 0], mx.ones((2, 2, 2, 2))))

        a = mx.zeros((2, 2, 2))
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a[:, None, :] = mx.ones((2, 2, 2))

        # Ok, doesn't throw
        a[:, None, :] = mx.ones((2, 1, 2, 2))
        a[:, None, :] = mx.ones((2, 2))
        a[:, None, 0] = mx.ones((2,))
        a[:, None, 0] = mx.ones((1, 2))

    def test_array_at(self):
        a = mx.array(1)
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a.at.add(1)

        a = a.at[None].add(1)
        self.assertEqual(a.item(), 2)

        a = mx.array([0, 1, 2])
        a = a.at[1].add(2)
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [0, 3, 2])

        a = a.at[mx.array([0, 0, 0, 0])].add(1)
        self.assertEqual(a.tolist(), [4, 3, 2])

        a = mx.zeros((10, 10))
        a = a.at[0].add(mx.arange(10))
        self.assertEqual(a[0].tolist(), list(range(10)))

        a = mx.zeros((10, 10))
        index_x = mx.array([0, 2, 3, 7])
        index_y = mx.array([3, 3, 1, 2])
        u = mx.random.uniform(shape=(4,))
        a = a.at[index_x, index_y].add(u)
        self.assertTrue(mx.allclose(a.sum(), u.sum()))
        self.assertEqualArray(a.sum(), u.sum(), atol=1e-6, rtol=1e-5)
        self.assertEqual(a[index_x, index_y].tolist(), u.tolist())

        # Test all array.at ops
        a = mx.random.uniform(shape=(10, 5, 2))
        idx_x = mx.array([0, 4])
        update = mx.ones((2, 5))
        a[idx_x, :, 0] = 0
        a = a.at[idx_x, :, 0].add(update)
        self.assertEqualArray(a[idx_x, :, 0], update)
        a = a.at[idx_x, :, 0].subtract(update)
        self.assertEqualArray(a[idx_x, :, 0], mx.zeros_like(update))
        a = a.at[idx_x, :, 0].add(2 * update)
        self.assertEqualArray(a[idx_x, :, 0], 2 * update)
        a = a.at[idx_x, :, 0].multiply(2 * update)
        self.assertEqualArray(a[idx_x, :, 0], 4 * update)
        a = a.at[idx_x, :, 0].divide(3 * update)
        self.assertEqualArray(a[idx_x, :, 0], (4 / 3) * update)
        a[idx_x, :, 0] = 5
        update = mx.arange(10).reshape(2, 5)
        a = a.at[idx_x, :, 0].maximum(update)
        self.assertEqualArray(a[idx_x, :, 0], mx.maximum(a[idx_x, :, 0], update))
        a[idx_x, :, 0] = 5
        a = a.at[idx_x, :, 0].minimum(update)
        self.assertEqualArray(a[idx_x, :, 0], mx.minimum(a[idx_x, :, 0], update))

        update = mx.array([1.0, 2.0])[None, None, None]
        src = mx.array([1.0, 2.0])[None, :]
        src = src.at[0:1].add(update)
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(src, mx.array([[2.0, 4.0]])))

    def test_slice_negative_step(self):
        a_np = np.arange(20)
        a_mx = mx.array(a_np)

        # Basic negative slice
        b_np = a_np[::-1]
        b_mx = a_mx[::-1]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        # Bounds negative slice
        b_np = a_np[-3:3:-1]
        b_mx = a_mx[-3:3:-1]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        # Bounds negative slice
        b_np = a_np[25:-50:-1]
        b_mx = a_mx[25:-50:-1]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        # Jumping negative slice
        b_np = a_np[::-3]
        b_mx = a_mx[::-3]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        # Bounds and negative slice
        b_np = a_np[-3:3:-3]
        b_mx = a_mx[-3:3:-3]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        # Bounds and negative slice
        b_np = a_np[25:-50:-3]
        b_mx = a_mx[25:-50:-3]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        # Negative slice and ascending bounds
        b_np = a_np[0:20:-3]
        b_mx = a_mx[0:20:-3]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        # Multi-dim negative slices
        a_np = np.arange(3 * 6 * 4).reshape(3, 6, 4)
        a_mx = mx.array(a_np)

        # Flip each dim
        b_np = a_np[..., ::-1]
        b_mx = a_mx[..., ::-1]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        b_np = a_np[:, ::-1, :]
        b_mx = a_mx[:, ::-1, :]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        b_np = a_np[::-1, ...]
        b_mx = a_mx[::-1, ...]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        # Flip pairs of dims
        b_np = a_np[::-1, 1:5:2, ::-2]
        b_mx = a_mx[::-1, 1:5:2, ::-2]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        b_np = a_np[::-1, ::-2, 1:5:2]
        b_mx = a_mx[::-1, ::-2, 1:5:2]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

        # Flip all dims
        b_np = a_np[::-1, ::-3, ::-2]
        b_mx = a_mx[::-1, ::-3, ::-2]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(b_np, b_mx))

    def test_api(self):
        x = mx.array(np.random.rand(10, 10, 10))
        ops = [
            ("reshape", (100, -1)),
            "square",
            "sqrt",
            "rsqrt",
            "reciprocal",
            "exp",
            "log",
            "sin",
            "cos",
            "log1p",
            "abs",
            "log10",
            "log2",
            "conj",
            ("all", 1),
            ("any", 1),
            ("transpose", (0, 2, 1)),
            ("sum", 1),
            ("prod", 1),
            ("min", 1),
            ("max", 1),
            ("logcumsumexp", 1),
            ("logsumexp", 1),
            ("mean", 1),
            ("var", 1),
            ("argmin", 1),
            ("argmax", 1),
            ("cummax", 1),
            ("cummin", 1),
            ("cumprod", 1),
            ("cumsum", 1),
            ("diagonal", 0, 0, 1),
            ("flatten", 0, -1),
            ("moveaxis", 1, 2),
            ("round", 2),
            ("std", 1, True, 0),
            ("swapaxes", 1, 2),
        ]
        for op in ops:
            if isinstance(op, tuple):
                op, *args = op
            else:
                args = tuple()
            y1 = getattr(mx, op)(x, *args)
            y2 = getattr(x, op)(*args)
            self.assertEqual(y1.dtype, y2.dtype)
            self.assertEqual(y1.shape, y2.shape)
            self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(y1, y2))

        y1 = mx.split(x, 2)
        y2 = x.split(2)
        self.assertEqual(len(y1), 2)
        self.assertEqual(len(y1), len(y2))
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(y1[0], y2[0]))
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(y1[1], y2[1]))
        x = mx.array(np.random.rand(10, 10, 1))
        y1 = mx.squeeze(x, axis=2)
        y2 = x.squeeze(axis=2)
        self.assertEqual(y1.shape, y2.shape)
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(y1, y2))

    def test_memoryless_copy(self):
        a_mx = mx.ones((2, 2))
        b_mx = mx.broadcast_to(a_mx, (5, 2, 2))

        # Make np arrays without copy
        a_np = np.array(a_mx, copy=False)
        b_np = np.array(b_mx, copy=False)

        # Check that we get read-only array that does not own the underlying data
        self.assertFalse(a_np.flags.owndata)
        self.assertTrue(a_np.flags.writeable)

        # Check contents
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(np.ones((2, 2), dtype=np.float32), a_np))
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(np.ones((5, 2, 2), dtype=np.float32), b_np))

        # Check strides
        self.assertSequenceEqual(b_np.strides, (0, 8, 4))

    def test_np_array_conversion_copies_by_default(self):
        a_mx = mx.ones((2, 2))
        a_np = np.array(a_mx)
        self.assertTrue(a_np.flags.owndata)
        self.assertTrue(a_np.flags.writeable)

    def test_buffer_protocol(self):
        dtypes_list = [
            (mx.bool_, np.bool_, None),
            (mx.uint8, np.uint8, np.iinfo),
            (mx.uint16, np.uint16, np.iinfo),
            (mx.uint32, np.uint32, np.iinfo),
            (mx.uint64, np.uint64, np.iinfo),
            (mx.int8, np.int8, np.iinfo),
            (mx.int16, np.int16, np.iinfo),
            (mx.int32, np.int32, np.iinfo),
            (mx.int64, np.int64, np.iinfo),
            (mx.float16, np.float16, np.finfo),
            (mx.float32, np.float32, np.finfo),
            (mx.complex64, np.complex64, np.finfo),
        ]

        for mlx_dtype, np_dtype, info_fn in dtypes_list:
            a_np = np.random.uniform(low=0, high=100, size=(3, 4)).astype(np_dtype)
            if info_fn is not None:
                info = info_fn(np_dtype)
                a_np[0, 0] = info.min
                a_np[0, 1] = info.max
            a_mx = mx.array(a_np)
            for f in [lambda x: x, lambda x: x.T]:
                mv_mx = memoryview(f(a_mx))
                mv_np = memoryview(f(a_np))
                self.assertEqual(mv_mx.strides, mv_np.strides, f"{mlx_dtype}{np_dtype}")
                self.assertEqual(mv_mx.shape, mv_np.shape, f"{mlx_dtype}{np_dtype}")
                # correct buffer format for 8 byte (unsigned) 'long long' is Q/q, see
                # https://docs.python.org/3.10/library/struct.html#format-characters
                # numpy returns L/l, as 'long' is equivalent to 'long long' on 64bit machines, so q and l are equivalent
                # see https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/1908
                if np_dtype == np.uint64:
                    self.assertEqual(mv_mx.format, "Q", f"{mlx_dtype}{np_dtype}")
                elif np_dtype == np.int64:
                    self.assertEqual(mv_mx.format, "q", f"{mlx_dtype}{np_dtype}")
                else:
                    self.assertEqual(
                        mv_mx.format, mv_np.format, f"{mlx_dtype}{np_dtype}"
                    )
                self.assertFalse(mv_mx.readonly)
                back_to_npy = np.array(mv_mx, copy=False)
                self.assertEqualArray(
                    back_to_npy,
                    f(a_np),
                    atol=0,
                    rtol=0,
                )

        # extra test for bfloat16, which is not numpy convertible
        a_mx = mx.random.uniform(low=0, high=100, shape=(3, 4), dtype=mx.bfloat16)
        mv_mx = memoryview(a_mx)
        self.assertEqual(mv_mx.strides, (8, 2))
        self.assertEqual(mv_mx.shape, (3, 4))
        self.assertEqual(mv_mx.format, "B")
        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as cm:
            np.array(a_mx)
        e = cm.exception
        self.assertTrue("Item size 2 for PEP 3118 buffer format string" in str(e))

        # Test buffer protocol with non-arrays ie bytes
        a = ord("a") * 257 + mx.arange(10).astype(mx.int16)
        ab = bytes(a)
        self.assertEqual(len(ab), 20)
        if sys.byteorder == "little":
            self.assertEqual(b"aaaaaaaaaa", ab[1::2])
            self.assertEqual(b"abcdefghij", ab[::2])
        else:
            self.assertEqual(b"aaaaaaaaaa", ab[::2])
            self.assertEqual(b"abcdefghij", ab[1::2])

    def test_buffer_protocol_ref_counting(self):
        a = mx.arange(3)
        wr = weakref.ref(a)
        self.assertIsNotNone(wr())
        mv = memoryview(a)
        a = None
        self.assertIsNotNone(wr())
        mv = None
        self.assertIsNone(wr())

    def test_array_view_ref_counting(self):
        a = mx.arange(3)
        wr = weakref.ref(a)
        self.assertIsNotNone(wr())
        a_np = np.array(a, copy=False)
        a = None
        self.assertIsNotNone(wr())
        a_np = None
        self.assertIsNone(wr())

    @unittest.skipIf(not has_tf, "requires TensorFlow")
    def test_buffer_protocol_tf(self):
        dtypes_list = [
            (
                mx.bool_,
                tf.bool,
                np.bool_,
            ),
            (
                mx.uint8,
                tf.uint8,
                np.uint8,
            ),
            (
                mx.uint16,
                tf.uint16,
                np.uint16,
            ),
            (
                mx.uint32,
                tf.uint32,
                np.uint32,
            ),
            (mx.uint64, tf.uint64, np.uint64),
            (mx.int8, tf.int8, np.int8),
            (mx.int16, tf.int16, np.int16),
            (mx.int32, tf.int32, np.int32),
            (mx.int64, tf.int64, np.int64),
            (mx.float16, tf.float16, np.float16),
            (mx.float32, tf.float32, np.float32),
            (
                mx.complex64,
                tf.complex64,
                np.complex64,
            ),
        ]

        for mlx_dtype, tf_dtype, np_dtype in dtypes_list:
            a_np = np.random.uniform(low=0, high=100, size=(3, 4)).astype(np_dtype)
            a_tf = tf.constant(a_np, dtype=tf_dtype)
            a_mx = mx.array(np.array(a_tf))
            for f in [
                lambda x: x,
                lambda x: tf.transpose(x) if isinstance(x, tf.Tensor) else x.T,
            ]:
                mv_mx = memoryview(f(a_mx))
                mv_tf = memoryview(f(a_tf))
                if (mv_mx.c_contiguous and mv_tf.c_contiguous) or (
                    mv_mx.f_contiguous and mv_tf.f_contiguous
                ):
                    self.assertEqual(
                        mv_mx.strides, mv_tf.strides, f"{mlx_dtype}{tf_dtype}"
                    )
                self.assertEqual(mv_mx.shape, mv_tf.shape, f"{mlx_dtype}{tf_dtype}")
                self.assertFalse(mv_mx.readonly)
                back_to_npy = np.array(mv_mx)
                self.assertEqualArray(
                    back_to_npy,
                    f(a_tf),
                    atol=0,
                    rtol=0,
                )

    def test_logical_overloads(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            mx.array(1.0) & mx.array(1)
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            mx.array(1.0) | mx.array(1)

        self.assertEqual((mx.array(True) & True).item(), True)
        self.assertEqual((mx.array(True) & False).item(), False)
        self.assertEqual((mx.array(True) | False).item(), True)
        self.assertEqual((mx.array(False) | False).item(), False)
        self.assertEqual((~mx.array(False)).item(), True)
        self.assertEqual((mx.array(False) ^ True).item(), True)

    def test_inplace(self):
        iops = [
            "__iadd__",
            "__isub__",
            "__imul__",
            "__ifloordiv__",
            "__imod__",
            "__ipow__",
            "__ixor__",
        ]

        for op in iops:
            a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
            a_np = np.array(a)
            b = a
            b = getattr(a, op)(3)
            self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(a, b))
            out_np = getattr(a_np, op)(3)
            self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(out_np, a))

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            a = mx.array([1])
            a /= 1

        a = mx.array([2.0])
        b = a
        b /= 2
        self.assertEqual(b.item(), 1.0)
        self.assertEqual(b.item(), a.item())

        a = mx.array(True)
        b = a
        b &= False
        self.assertEqual(b.item(), False)
        self.assertEqual(b.item(), a.item())

        a = mx.array(False)
        b = a
        b |= True
        self.assertEqual(b.item(), True)
        self.assertEqual(b.item(), a.item())

        # In-place matmul on its own
        a = mx.array([[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]])
        b = a
        b @= a
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(a, b))

        a = mx.array(False)
        a ^= True
        self.assertEqual(a.item(), True)

    def test_inplace_preserves_ids(self):
        a = mx.array([1.0])
        orig_id = id(a)
        a += mx.array(2.0)
        self.assertEqual(id(a), orig_id)

        a[0] = 2.0
        self.assertEqual(id(a), orig_id)

        a -= mx.array(3.0)
        self.assertEqual(id(a), orig_id)

        a *= mx.array(3.0)
        self.assertEqual(id(a), orig_id)

    def test_load_from_pickled_np(self):
        a = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.int32)
        b = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(a))
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(mx.array(a), mx.array(b)))

        a = np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], dtype=np.float16)
        b = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(a))
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(mx.array(a), mx.array(b)))

    def test_multi_output_leak(self):
        def fun():
            a = mx.zeros((2**20))
            mx.eval(a)
            b, c = mx.divmod(a, a)
            del b, c

        fun()
        mx.synchronize()
        peak_1 = mx.get_peak_memory()
        fun()
        mx.synchronize()
        peak_2 = mx.get_peak_memory()
        self.assertEqual(peak_1, peak_2)

        def fun():
            a = mx.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
            b, _ = mx.divmod(a, a)
            return mx.log(b)

        fun()
        mx.synchronize()
        peak_1 = mx.get_peak_memory()
        fun()
        mx.synchronize()
        peak_2 = mx.get_peak_memory()
        self.assertEqual(peak_1, peak_2)

    def test_add_numpy(self):
        x = mx.array(1)
        y = np.array(2, dtype=np.int32)
        z = x + y
        self.assertEqual(z.dtype, mx.int32)
        self.assertEqual(z.item(), 3)

    def test_dlpack(self):
        x = mx.array(1, dtype=mx.int32)
        y = np.from_dlpack(x)
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(y, x))

        x = mx.array([[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]])
        y = np.from_dlpack(x)
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(y, x))

        x = mx.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
        x = x[::2, ::2]
        y = np.from_dlpack(x)
        self.assertTrue(mx.array_equal(y, x))

    def test_getitem_with_list(self):
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
        idx = [0, 2, 4]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a[idx], np.array(a)[idx]))

        a = mx.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
        idx = [0, 2]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a[idx], np.array(a)[idx]))

        a = mx.arange(10).reshape(5, 2)
        idx = [0, 2, 4]
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a[idx], np.array(a)[idx]))

        idx = [0, 2]
        a = mx.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
        anp = np.array(a)
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a[idx, 0], anp[idx, 0]))
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a[idx, :], anp[idx, :]))
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a[0, idx], anp[0, idx]))
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a[:, idx], anp[:, idx]))

    def test_setitem_with_list(self):
        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
        anp = np.array(a)
        idx = [0, 2, 4]
        a[idx] = 3
        anp[idx] = 3
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a, anp))

        a = mx.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
        idx = [0, 2]
        anp = np.array(a)
        a[idx] = 3
        anp[idx] = 3
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a, anp))

        a = mx.arange(10).reshape(5, 2)
        idx = [0, 2, 4]
        anp = np.array(a)
        a[idx] = 3
        anp[idx] = 3
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a, anp))

        idx = [0, 2]
        a = mx.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
        anp = np.array(a)
        a[idx, 0] = 1
        anp[idx, 0] = 1
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a, anp))

        a[idx, :] = 2
        anp[idx, :] = 2
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a, anp))

        a[0, idx] = 3
        anp[0, idx] = 3
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a, anp))

        a[:, idx] = 4
        anp[:, idx] = 4
        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a, anp))

    def test_array_namespace(self):
        a = mx.array(1.0)
        api = a.__array_namespace__()
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(api, "array"))
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(api, "add"))

    def test_to_scalar(self):
        a = mx.array(1)
        self.assertEqual(int(a), 1)
        self.assertEqual(float(a), 1)

        a = mx.array(1.5)
        self.assertEqual(float(a), 1.5)
        self.assertEqual(int(a), 1)

        a = mx.zeros((2, 1))
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            float(a)
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            int(a)

    def test_format(self):
        a = mx.arange(3)
        self.assertEqual(f"{a[0]:.2f}", "0.00")

        b = mx.array(0.35487)
        self.assertEqual(f"{b:.1f}", "0.4")

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            s = f"{a:.2f}"

        a = mx.array([1, 2, 3])
        self.assertEqual(f"{a}", "array([1, 2, 3], dtype=int32)")

    def test_deep_graphs(self):
        # The following tests should simply run cleanly without a segfault or
        # crash due to exceeding recursion depth limits.

        # Deep graph destroyed without eval
        x = mx.array([1.0, 2.0])
        for _ in range(100_000):
            x = mx.sin(x)
        del x

        # Duplicate input deep graph destroyed without eval
        x = mx.array([1.0, 2.0])
        for _ in range(100_000):
            x = x + x

        # Deep graph with siblings destroyed without eval
        x = mx.array([1, 2])
        for _ in range(100_000):
            x = mx.concatenate(mx.split(x, 2))
        del x

        # Deep graph with eval
        x = mx.array([1.0, 2.0])
        for _ in range(100_000):
            x = mx.sin(x)
        mx.eval(x)

    def test_siblings_without_eval(self):
        def get_mem():
            if platform.system() == "Windows":
                process = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
                return process.memory_info().peak_wset
            else:
                return resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF).ru_maxrss

        key = mx.array([1, 2])

        def t():
            a, b = mx.split(key, 2)
            a = mx.reshape(a, [])
            b = mx.reshape(b, [])
            return b

        mx.synchronize()
        t()
        gc.collect()
        expected = get_mem()
        for _ in range(100):
            t()
        used = get_mem()
        self.assertEqual(expected, used)

    def test_scalar_integer_conversion_overflow(self):
        y = mx.array(2000000000, dtype=mx.int32)
        x = 3000000000
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            y + x
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            mx.add(y, x)

    def test_real_imag(self):
        x = mx.array([1.0])
        self.assertEqual(x.real.item(), 1.0)
        self.assertEqual(x.imag.item(), 0.0)

        x = mx.array([1.0 + 1.0j])
        self.assertEqual(x.imag.item(), 1.0)
        self.assertEqual(x.real.item(), 1.0)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    mlx_tests.MLXTestRunner()