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+ ---
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+ license: apache-2.0
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ pipeline_tag: text-generation
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+ ---
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+
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+ # Rose Pro
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+
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+ ## A Rose That Finally Found the 1100 Club
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+
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+ > I trained a model, watched the numbers climb,
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+ > And told myself, "This one will be prime."
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+ > I widened the model, increased the scale,
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+ > Then watched ArithMark politely fail.
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+ >
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+ > Eighty billion tokens went into the machine,
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+ > Surely this time my model would be clean.
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+ > The leaderboard smiled, the scores came through,
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+ > And said, "Nice little model. Here's some work for you."
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+ >
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+ > Every time I think I've finally learned,
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+ > Another benchmark shows where I was wrong.
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+ > Truly, I am blessed beyond compare;
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+ > **I keep discovering mistakes I can afford to train.**
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## Introduction
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+
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+ **Rose Pro** is the latest model in the Rose X1 line, with approximately **151.3 million parameters**.
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+
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+ It keeps the same general Rose X1 architecture while increasing the model's capacity, using **24 layers** and a **640-dimensional hidden representation**. The model was trained on approximately **80 billion tokens**.
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+
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+ And yes, I had expectations.
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+
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+ Quite reasonable ones, obviously.
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+
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+ I had a bigger model, more capacity, a mountain of tokens, and enough confidence to become suspicious.
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+
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+ Then the leaderboard arrived.
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+
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+ It did not exactly hand me a trophy.
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+
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+ It did, however, hand me something much more useful:
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+
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+ **another collection of things to learn.**
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## Model Overview
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+
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+ | Property | Value |
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+ |---|---|
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+ | **Model** | Rose Pro |
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+ | **Architecture** | Rose X1 |
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+ | **Parameters** | 151.274M |
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+ | **Layers** | 24 |
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+ | **Hidden Size** | 640 |
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+ | **Attention Heads** | 10 |
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+ | **KV Heads** | 10 |
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+ | **QK Norm** | Yes |
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+ | **Refresh Gates** | [9, 18] |
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+ | **Native Context Window** | 2048 |
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+ | **Training Tokens** | 79,967,283,200 |
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+ | **Validation Perplexity** | 5.08 |
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+ | **Optimizer** | muon_adamw |
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+
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+ The architecture itself is intentionally not explained in excessive detail here. Rose Pro remains part of the **Rose X1** family, and the interesting part of this release is less about repeating the architecture diagram and more about seeing what the model actually does with its increased capacity.
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+
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+ # The Chemistry of Benchmarks
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+
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+ This is probably my favorite part of the whole release.
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+ The Benchmarks are strange little ecosystem.
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+
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+ You put a model into it with millions of parameters, billions of tokens, a carefully designed architecture, and a considerable amount of optimism.
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+ Then the Benchmarks removes the optimism and gives you percentages.
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+ And suddenly you discover that one model is great at something, another model is better somewhere else, and a benchmark you thought would behave nicely has decided to personally insult you.
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+ That is the **chemistry of Becnhmarks**.
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+ Rose Pro does not dominate every benchmark, and I don't think it needs to.
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+ What matters more is the overall shape of the results and what those results teach me about the model.
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+ # Benchmark Results
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+ The following results are from **0-shot evaluation**.
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+ | Benchmark | Rose-Mini | Rose-Medium | Rose Pro |
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+ |---|---:|---:|---:|
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+ | **HellaSwag** | 28.95% | 35.29% | **38.24%** |
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+ | **PIQA** | 58.54% | 62.95% | **65.18%** |
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+ | **ARC-Easy** | 36.62% | 44.19% | **48.65%** |
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+ | **ARC-Challenge** | 24.32% | 26.19% | **26.96%** |
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+ | **WinoGrande** | 51.54% | 49.80% | **50.43%** |
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+ | **BoolQ** | 61.90% | 55.66% | **60.40%** |
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+ | **OpenBookQA** | 29.40% | 32.60% | **33.60%** |
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+ | **CommonsenseQA** | 19.74% | 21.21% | **19.49%** |
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+ | **LAMBADA** | 22.03% | 31.71% | **32.99%** |
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+ | **BLiMP** | 76.72% | 79.30% | **79.26%** |
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+ | **MMLU** | 23.24% | 23.98% | **26.13%** |
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+ | **SciQ** | 55.90% | 67.10% | **68.80%** |
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+ | **COPA** | 59.00% | 69.00% | **69.00%** |
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+ | **RACE** | 27.18% | 29.09% | **30.24%** |
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+ | **SWAG** | 44.32% | 52.79% | **55.39%** |
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+ | **TruthfulQA MC2** | 44.28% | 41.83% | **39.82%** |
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+ | **WikiText-2 Word PPL** | 46.05 | 27.67 | **25.05** |
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+ | **WikiText-2 Byte PPL** | 2.047 | 1.861 | **1.826** |
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+
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+ The results show a mixed but useful picture. Rose Pro moves strongly on several tasks while some benchmarks barely move and a few go backwards.
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+ Which is precisely why I don't want to turn this README into a victory speech.
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+ The model is good at some things.
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+ It is still learning how to behave itself at others.
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+ # ArithMark 3 & BananaMind
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+ These two deserve their own little section.
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+ | Model | ArithMark 3 | BananaMind Bench 1.1 |
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+ |---|---:|---:|
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+ | **Rose-Mini** | 36.50% | 1037.37 Elo |
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+ | **Rose-Medium** | 38.30% | 1098.7 Elo |
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+ | **Rose Pro** | **38.20%** | **1105 Elo** |
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+
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+ ## ArithMark 3
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+ Rose Pro scores **38.20%** on ArithMark 3.
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+ Rose-Medium scored **38.30%**.
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+ So I increased the model.
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+ I increased the width.
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+ And ArithMark looked at all of that and said:
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+ **38.20%.**
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+ Thank you.
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+ Very informative.
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+ But that is also exactly why I find these evaluations useful. Parameter count does not magically translate into proportional improvement on every task.
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+ Apparently I have to actually understand what is happening.
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+ How inconvenient.
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+ ## BananaMind Bench 1.1
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+ And then there is the number I had been waiting for.
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+ **Rose-Medium: 1098.7 Elo**
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+ **Rose Pro: 1105 Elo**
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+ I finally crossed **1100 Elo**.
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+ Is 1100 a scientifically meaningful boundary?
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+ No.
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+ Did 1098.7 bother me enough that I wanted to cross it?
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+ Absolutely.
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+ So I am going to enjoy this completely arbitrary victory.
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+ **1105.**
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+ Beautiful.
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+ # What I Learned This Time
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+ One thing has remained remarkably consistent throughout my model-building journey:
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+ **Every time I train a model, I learn something.**
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+ Sometimes it is about architecture.
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+ Sometimes it is about optimization.
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+ Sometimes it is about evaluation.
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+ And sometimes it is about a mistake that I would very much like to pretend I never made.
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+ But every model leaves me with something new to investigate.
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+ That is probably the most valuable part of building these models.
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+ I start with an idea.
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+ I train it.
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+ I evaluate it.
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+ Then the results politely inform me that my original understanding was only partially correct.
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+ And honestly?
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+ I think I am blessed.
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+ Not because every model performs exactly how I imagined.
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+ Quite the opposite.
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+ I am blessed because every training run gives me another opportunity to discover something I didn't know before.
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+ Apparently this is my preferred method of education.
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+ It is just considerably more expensive than reading a book.
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+ # Training Recipe: One More Thing to Change
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+ The Rose models so far have been trained using **cosine learning-rate scheduling**.
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+ For the next generation, I want to try something different.
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+ The upcoming models will explore **WSD learning-rate scheduling**.
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+ Not because cosine suddenly became illegal.
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+ I simply have another question I want to answer.
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+ And apparently the only way I know how to answer questions is to build another model.
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+ # What's Next?
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+ The Rose X1 journey is not finished.
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+ The next step will be the **Rose 1.5 series**, which will explore further changes to the training recipe and continue the work started with the current Rose models.
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+ Hopefully, the next leaderboard visit will contain fewer surprises.
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+ Knowing me, that statement probably guarantees the opposite.
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+ # Final Thoughts
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+ Rose Pro is not exactly the model I imagined when I started building it.
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+ Some results are encouraging.
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+ Some are competitive.
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+ Some are stubborn.
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+ And some are sitting there quietly reminding me that adding more parameters is not the same thing as solving the problem.
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+ But that is fine.
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+ The point of every model is not to prove that I was right.
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+ Sometimes the point is to find out where I was wrong.
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+ Rose Pro gave me another set of answers.
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+ It also gave me several new questions.
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+ And, most importantly:
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+ **1105 Elo.**
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+ I'll take it.
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+ For now.
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+ ---