---
language:
  - en
  - zh
license: apache-2.0
library_name: rkllm
tags:
  - rkllm
  - rknn
  - rk3588
  - npu
  - qwen3-vl
  - vision-language
  - orange-pi
  - edge-ai
  - ocr
base_model: Qwen/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct
pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
---

# Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct for RKLLM v1.2.3 (RK3588 NPU)

Pre-converted [Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct) for the **Rockchip RK3588 NPU** using [rknn-llm](https://github.com/airockchip/rknn-llm) runtime v1.2.3.

Runs on **Orange Pi 5 Plus**, **Rock 5B**, **Radxa NX5**, and other RK3588-based SBCs with 8GB+ RAM.

## Files

| File | Size | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `qwen3-vl-2b-instruct_w8a8_rk3588.rkllm` | 2.3 GB | LLM decoder (W8A8 quantized) — shared by all vision resolutions |
| `qwen3-vl-2b_vision_448_rk3588.rknn` | 812 MB | Vision encoder @ 448×448 (default, 196 tokens) |
| `qwen3-vl-2b_vision_672_rk3588.rknn` | 854 MB | Vision encoder @ 672×672 (441 tokens) ⭐ **Recommended** |
| `qwen3-vl-2b_vision_896_rk3588.rknn` | 923 MB | Vision encoder @ 896×896 (784 tokens) |

## Choosing a Vision Encoder Resolution

The LLM decoder (`.rkllm`) is resolution-independent — only the vision encoder (`.rknn`) changes. Place **one** `.rknn` file alongside the `.rkllm` in your model directory, or rename alternatives to `.rknn.alt` to disable them.

| Resolution | Visual Tokens | Encoder Time* | Total Response* | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| **448×448** | 196 (14×14) | ~2s | ~5-10s | General scene description, fast responses |
| **672×672** ⭐ | 441 (21×21) | ~4s | ~9-11s | **Balanced: good detail + reasonable speed** |
| **896×896** | 784 (28×28) | ~12s | ~25-28s | Maximum detail, fine text/OCR tasks |

\*Measured on Orange Pi 5 Plus (16GB) with 14MB JPEG input, single image.

### Resolution Math

Qwen3-VL uses `patch_size=16` and `merge_size=2`, so:
- Resolution must be **divisible by 32** (16 × 2)
- Visual tokens = (height/32)² = 196 / 441 / 784 for 448 / 672 / 896

Higher resolution = more visual tokens = better fine detail but:
- Proportionally more NPU compute for the vision encoder
- More tokens for the LLM to process (longer prefill)
- Same decode speed (~15 tok/s) — only "time to first token" increases

## Quick Start

### Directory Structure

```
~/models/Qwen3-VL-2b/
    qwen3-vl-2b-instruct_w8a8_rk3588.rkllm   # LLM decoder (always needed)
    qwen3-vl-2b_vision_672_rk3588.rknn        # Active vision encoder
    qwen3-vl-2b_vision_448_rk3588.rknn.alt    # Alternative (inactive)
    qwen3-vl-2b_vision_896_rk3588.rknn.alt    # Alternative (inactive)
```

### Switching Resolution

To switch to a different resolution, rename the files:

```bash
cd ~/models/Qwen3-VL-2b/

# Deactivate current encoder
mv qwen3-vl-2b_vision_672_rk3588.rknn qwen3-vl-2b_vision_672_rk3588.rknn.alt

# Activate the 896 encoder
mv qwen3-vl-2b_vision_896_rk3588.rknn.alt qwen3-vl-2b_vision_896_rk3588.rknn

# Restart your API server
sudo systemctl restart rkllm-api
```

### Using with RKLLM API Server

This model is designed for use with the [RKLLM API Server](https://github.com/jdacostap/rkllm-api), which provides an OpenAI-compatible API for RK3588 NPU inference. The server auto-detects the vision encoder resolution from the `.rknn` file's input tensor attributes.

## Export Details

### LLM Decoder

- **Source**: [Qwen/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct)
- **Quantization**: W8A8 (8-bit weights, 8-bit activations)
- **Tool**: rkllm-toolkit v1.2.3
- **Context**: 4096 tokens

### Vision Encoders

- **Source**: Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct visual encoder weights
- **Export pipeline**: HuggingFace model → ONNX (`export_vision.py`) → RKNN (`export_vision_rknn.py`)
- **Tool**: rknn-toolkit2 v2.3.2
- **Precision**: FP32 (no quantization — vision encoder quality is critical)
- **Target**: rk3588

The 448 encoder was converted with default settings from rknn-llm. The 672 and 896 encoders were re-exported with custom `--height` and `--width` flags to `export_vision.py` and `export_vision_rknn.py` from the [rknn-llm multimodal demo](https://github.com/airockchip/rknn-llm/tree/main/examples/multimodal_model_demo/export).

### Re-exporting at a Custom Resolution

To export the vision encoder at a different resolution (must be divisible by 32):

```bash
# Activate the export environment
source ~/rkllm-env/bin/activate
cd ~/rknn-llm/examples/multimodal_model_demo

# Step 1: Export HuggingFace model to ONNX
python3 export/export_vision.py \
  --path ~/models-hf/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct \
  --model_name qwen3-vl \
  --height 672 --width 672 \
  --device cpu

# Step 2: Convert ONNX to RKNN
python3 export/export_vision_rknn.py \
  --path ./onnx/qwen3-vl_vision.onnx \
  --model_name qwen3-vl \
  --target-platform rk3588 \
  --height 672 --width 672
```

**Memory requirements**: ~20 GB RAM (or swap) for 672×672, ~35 GB for 896×896. CPU-only export works fine (no GPU needed).

**Dependencies** (in a Python 3.10 venv):
- `rknn-toolkit2 >= 2.3.2`
- `torch == 2.4.0`
- `transformers >= 4.57.0`
- `onnx >= 1.18.0`

## Performance Benchmarks

Tested on **Orange Pi 5 Plus (16GB RAM)**, RK3588 SoC, RKNPU driver 0.9.8:

| Metric | 448×448 | 672×672 | 896×896 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vision encode time | ~2 s | ~4 s | ~12 s |
| Total VL response | 5–10 s | 9–11 s | 25–28 s |
| Text-only decode | ~15 tok/s | ~15 tok/s | ~15 tok/s |
| Peak RAM (VL inference) | ~5.5 GB | ~6.5 GB | ~8.5 GB |
| RKNN file size | 812 MB | 854 MB | 923 MB |

## Known Limitations

- **OCR accuracy**: The 2B-parameter LLM is the bottleneck for OCR tasks, not the vision encoder resolution. Higher resolution helps with fine detail but the model may still misread characters.
- **Fixed resolution**: Each `.rknn` file is compiled for a specific input resolution. Images are automatically resized (with aspect-ratio-preserving padding) to match. There is no dynamic resolution switching within a single model file.
- **REGTASK warnings**: The 672 and 896 encoders produce "bit width exceeds limit" register-field warnings during RKNN conversion. These are cosmetic in rknn-toolkit2 v2.3.2 and do not affect runtime inference on the RK3588.

## License

Apache 2.0, inherited from [Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct).

## Credits

- **Model**: [Qwen Team](https://huggingface.co/Qwen) for Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct
- **Runtime**: [Rockchip / airockchip](https://github.com/airockchip/rknn-llm) for rkllm-toolkit and rknn-toolkit2
- **API Server**: [RKLLM API Server](https://github.com/jdacostap/rkllm-api) — OpenAI-compatible server for RK3588 NPU