---
language: en
license: apache-2.0
tags:
  - marine-biology
  - metagenomics
  - environmental-modeling
  - protein-domains
  - tara-oceans
  - pfam
  - pytorch
library_name: pytorch
pipeline_tag: tabular-regression
---

# ELF-NET: Environment-Linked Functional Network

Bidirectional neural network checkpoints linking marine environmental variables to microalgal protein domain (Pfam) abundance profiles from the TARA Oceans metagenomic dataset.

## Model Description

ELF-NET consists of two complementary prediction directions:

### env2pfam (Environment → Pfam Abundance)
Predicts the abundance of thousands of Pfam protein domains at a marine sampling site given 94 environmental features (30 oceanographic/atmospheric variables + 64 AlphaEarth spectral eigenvectors).

### pfam2env (Pfam Abundance → Environmental Features)
Predicts 64 environmental features from observed Pfam domain abundance profiles (9,611 input domains).

## Repository Structure

```
├── env2pfam/
│   ├── algagpt_full/       # AlgaGPT-extracted proteomes, full architecture
│   ├── algagpt_light/      # AlgaGPT-extracted proteomes, light architecture
│   ├── pythia_full/        # LA4SR-Pythia-extracted proteomes, full architecture
│   └── pythia_light/       # LA4SR-Pythia-extracted proteomes, light architecture
├── pfam2env/
│   ├── full/               # Full architecture
│   └── light/              # Light architecture
└── README.md
```

Each subdirectory contains:
- `best_model.pt` — PyTorch checkpoint (model_state_dict, optimizer_state_dict, best_val_loss)
- `config.json` — Hyperparameters and feature lists
- `final_metrics.json` — Train/val/test metrics
- `training_history.json` — Per-epoch training curves

## Architectures

### env2pfam Full
```
Input(94) → Linear(512) + BN + ReLU + Dropout(0.2)
         → Linear(1024) + BN + ReLU + Dropout(0.2)
         → Linear(2048) + BN + ReLU + Dropout(0.2)
         → Linear(4096) + BN + ReLU + Dropout(0.2)
         → Linear(output_dim)
```

### env2pfam Light
```
Input(94) → Linear(256) + BN + ReLU + Dropout(0.2)
         → Linear(512) + BN + ReLU + Dropout(0.2)
         → Linear(1024) + BN + ReLU + Dropout(0.2)
         → Linear(2048) + BN + ReLU + Dropout(0.2)
         → Linear(output_dim)
```

### pfam2env Full
```
InputBatchNorm(9611) → Linear(2048) + ReLU + Dropout
                     → Linear(512) + ReLU + Dropout
                     → Linear(128) + ReLU + Dropout
                     → Linear(64)
```

### pfam2env Light
```
InputBatchNorm(9611) → Linear(512) + ReLU + Dropout
                     → Linear(256) + ReLU + Dropout
                     → Linear(128) + ReLU + Dropout
                     → Linear(64)
```

## Performance

### env2pfam (Environment → Pfam)

| Variant | Dataset | Output Dim | LR | Test R² | Test MSE | Test MAE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| **pythia_full** | LA4SR-Pythia | 17,245 | 1e-3 | **0.1487** | 14.597 | 2.411 |
| pythia_light | LA4SR-Pythia | 17,245 | 1e-4 | 0.1432 | 14.561 | 2.454 |
| algagpt_full | AlgaGPT | 20,318 | 1e-3 | 0.1189 | 14.006 | 2.381 |
| algagpt_light | AlgaGPT | 20,318 | 1e-4 | 0.1070 | 14.136 | 2.415 |

R² is the mean across all output Pfam dimensions. The modest R² values reflect the high dimensionality of the output space (17K–20K Pfam domains) and the inherent stochasticity of metagenomic sampling.

### pfam2env (Pfam → Environment)

| Variant | Input Dim | LR | Test R² | Test MSE | Test MAE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| full | 9,611 | 1e-3 | -0.0057 | 0.00931 | 0.0724 |
| light | 9,611 | 1e-3 | -0.0055 | 0.00931 | 0.0724 |

Negative R² indicates performance near the mean-prediction baseline. These checkpoints document the pfam→env direction of the bidirectional framework and are included for completeness and reproducibility.

## Input Features (env2pfam)

**30 environmental variables:**
- Air temperature (mean, max, min, range °C)
- Precipitation (mean mm)
- Solar radiation (MJ/m²)
- Elevation (m), bathymetry (m), distance to coast (km)
- Land cover class
- Sea surface temperature (SST mean, max, min, range °C; MODIS SST mean)
- Chlorophyll-a (mean, max, min mg/m³)
- Normalized fluorescence line height (NFLH mean)
- Particulate organic carbon (POC mean mg/m³)
- Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs at 412, 443, 469, 488, 531, 547, 555, 645, 667, 678 nm)

**64 AlphaEarth spectral eigenvectors** (A00–A63)

## Datasets

Two LLM-mediated proteome extraction strategies were applied to TARA Oceans metagenomic assemblies:

- **LA4SR-Pythia**: 2,049 samples → 17,245 Pfam domains
- **AlgaGPT**: 2,044 samples → 20,318 Pfam domains

Both used SNAP gene prediction followed by hmmsearch against the Pfam database. The different extraction strategies yield different protein sets and domain profiles from the same underlying metagenomes.

## Training Details

- **Framework**: PyTorch
- **Loss**: MSE
- **Optimizer**: Adam (weight_decay=1e-4 for pfam2env)
- **Scheduler**: Cosine annealing (pfam2env)
- **Early stopping**: Patience 20 (env2pfam) / 30 (pfam2env)
- **Batch size**: 32
- **Max epochs**: 200
- **Seed**: 42
- **Hardware**: CUDA GPU

## Usage

```python
import torch
import json

# Load model config
with open("env2pfam/pythia_full/config.json") as f:
    config = json.load(f)

# Load checkpoint
checkpoint = torch.load(
    "env2pfam/pythia_full/best_model.pt",
    map_location="cpu",
    weights_only=False
)
state_dict = checkpoint["model_state_dict"]

# Reconstruct model (requires the ELF-NET model class)
# model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
```

## Citation

If you use these checkpoints, please cite the associated manuscript (citation forthcoming).

## License

Apache 2.0