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| 1 |
+
---
|
| 2 |
+
base_model:
|
| 3 |
+
- cservan/malbert-base-cased-128k
|
| 4 |
+
license: apache-2.0
|
| 5 |
+
language:
|
| 6 |
+
- en
|
| 7 |
+
- fr
|
| 8 |
+
pipeline_tag: text-classification
|
| 9 |
+
inference: false
|
| 10 |
+
tags:
|
| 11 |
+
- classification
|
| 12 |
+
- emails
|
| 13 |
+
- multilingual
|
| 14 |
+
- albert
|
| 15 |
+
- onnx
|
| 16 |
+
- mobile
|
| 17 |
+
- int8
|
| 18 |
+
widget:
|
| 19 |
+
- text: "Subject: Your order has shipped\n\nBody: Your order #12345 is on its way and will arrive by Monday."
|
| 20 |
+
example_title: Transaction (EN)
|
| 21 |
+
- text: "Subject: Réunion demain\n\nBody: Salut, peut-on reporter notre réunion de 14h à 15h ? Dis-moi."
|
| 22 |
+
example_title: Personal (FR)
|
| 23 |
+
- text: "Subject: Weekly Newsletter\n\nBody: Check out our latest deals! 50% off everything this weekend."
|
| 24 |
+
example_title: Newsletter (EN)
|
| 25 |
+
- text: "Subject: Alerte de sécurité\n\nBody: Une nouvelle connexion à votre compte depuis Paris, France. Vérifiez que c'est bien vous."
|
| 26 |
+
example_title: Alert (FR)
|
| 27 |
+
---
|
| 28 |
+
|
| 29 |
+
# Email Classifier (mALBERT ONNX)
|
| 30 |
+
|
| 31 |
+
A dual-head **mALBERT** classifier for email category + action prediction, optimized for on-device inference using ONNX Runtime. Bilingual (English + French), 24M parameters, 50.7 MB after INT8 quantization.
|
| 32 |
+
|
| 33 |
+
## Model Description
|
| 34 |
+
|
| 35 |
+
Classifies emails into 5 categories and predicts whether the recipient should take action:
|
| 36 |
+
|
| 37 |
+
| Category | Description |
|
| 38 |
+
|----------|-------------|
|
| 39 |
+
| **PERSONAL** | Direct 1:1 human communication, calendar invites from real people, direct messages. Excludes platform notifications. |
|
| 40 |
+
| **NEWSLETTER** | Marketing, promotions, subscribed content. Includes weekly digests, year-in-review recaps, marketing-flavored surveys with rewards. |
|
| 41 |
+
| **TRANSACTION** | Money or order events: receipts, charges, refunds, shipping confirmations with order/booking IDs, payslips, money-transfer notifications. |
|
| 42 |
+
| **ALERT** | Account, security, or infrastructure messages: password resets, login alerts, CI failures, booking-bound expiry, satisfaction surveys without rewards, named-product update notifications. |
|
| 43 |
+
| **SOCIAL** | Platform activity *between people*: post mentions, comment notifications, PR review requests from real users. Excludes automated platform mail (those are ALERT). |
|
| 44 |
+
|
| 45 |
+
The action flag is `true` only when the email requires a concrete response tied to something the user owns or initiated — pay to keep an existing booking, verify a code you requested, accept/decline a calendar invite, reply to a 1:1 message, security event needing verification, or a support ticket follow-up.
|
| 46 |
+
|
| 47 |
+
### Output Format
|
| 48 |
+
|
| 49 |
+
Single forward pass producing two tensors:
|
| 50 |
+
- `category_probs`: Float32[5] — softmax probabilities per category (argmax = predicted category)
|
| 51 |
+
- `action_prob`: Float32[1] — sigmoid probability of action required (threshold 0.5)
|
| 52 |
+
|
| 53 |
+
No text generation, no decoder, no beam search.
|
| 54 |
+
|
| 55 |
+
**Example:**
|
| 56 |
+
|
| 57 |
+
```
|
| 58 |
+
Input: "Subject: Your order has shipped\n\nBody: Your order #12345 is on its way..."
|
| 59 |
+
Output: category_probs → TRANSACTION (0.94), action_prob → 0.08 (NO_ACTION)
|
| 60 |
+
```
|
| 61 |
+
|
| 62 |
+
## Intended Use
|
| 63 |
+
|
| 64 |
+
- **Primary:** On-device email triage in mobile apps (iOS/Android)
|
| 65 |
+
- **Runtime:** ONNX Runtime React Native
|
| 66 |
+
- **Use case:** Prioritizing inbox, filtering noise, surfacing actionable emails
|
| 67 |
+
|
| 68 |
+
## Model Details
|
| 69 |
+
|
| 70 |
+
| Attribute | Value |
|
| 71 |
+
|-----------|-------|
|
| 72 |
+
| Base Model | `cservan/malbert-base-cased-128k` |
|
| 73 |
+
| Parameters | ~24M |
|
| 74 |
+
| Architecture | ALBERT encoder (parameter-shared, 1 physical block × 12 virtual layers) + dual classification heads |
|
| 75 |
+
| Pooling | `pooler_output` (SOP-pretrained linear + tanh) |
|
| 76 |
+
| ONNX Size | 50.7 MB (INT8 quantized, 1.8× compression from FP32) |
|
| 77 |
+
| Max Sequence | 384 tokens |
|
| 78 |
+
| Tokenizer | SentencePiece Unigram (128K vocab, French-aware) |
|
| 79 |
+
| Hidden Size | 768 |
|
| 80 |
+
| Special Tokens | `[CLS]=2`, `[SEP]=3`, `<pad>=0`, `<unk>=1` |
|
| 81 |
+
|
| 82 |
+
## Performance
|
| 83 |
+
|
| 84 |
+
Test set metrics (250 emails, balanced across categories, EN+FR):
|
| 85 |
+
|
| 86 |
+
| Metric | Score |
|
| 87 |
+
|--------|-------|
|
| 88 |
+
| **Category Accuracy** | **86.0%** (single seed) / **88.4%** (2-seed soft-vote ensemble) |
|
| 89 |
+
| **Action Accuracy** | **84.8%** |
|
| 90 |
+
| Quantization | INT8 dynamic, 20/20 PyTorch↔ONNX argmax parity |
|
| 91 |
+
|
| 92 |
+
### Per-language breakdown (single seed)
|
| 93 |
+
|
| 94 |
+
| | English | French |
|
| 95 |
+
|---|---|---|
|
| 96 |
+
| Category accuracy | 85.4% | **87.0%** |
|
| 97 |
+
| Action accuracy | 89.2% | 77.2% |
|
| 98 |
+
|
| 99 |
+
Notable: French slightly outperforms English on category — the multilingual signal is symmetric. Action accuracy retains an EN advantage (~12 pts) reflecting heavier representation of EN action patterns in training data.
|
| 100 |
+
|
| 101 |
+
### Per-class F1 (single seed)
|
| 102 |
+
|
| 103 |
+
| Class | Precision | Recall | F1 |
|
| 104 |
+
|---|---|---|---|
|
| 105 |
+
| ALERT | 0.885 | 0.900 | 0.893 |
|
| 106 |
+
| NEWSLETTER | 0.771 | 0.900 | 0.831 |
|
| 107 |
+
| PERSONAL | 0.917 | 0.892 | 0.904 |
|
| 108 |
+
| SOCIAL | 0.862 | 0.758 | 0.807 |
|
| 109 |
+
| TRANSACTION | 0.907 | 0.817 | 0.860 |
|
| 110 |
+
|
| 111 |
+
## Training Data
|
| 112 |
+
|
| 113 |
+
- **Source:** Personal Gmail inboxes (anonymized)
|
| 114 |
+
- **Languages:** English, French
|
| 115 |
+
- **Size:** 2,005 train / 251 val / 250 test (balanced)
|
| 116 |
+
- **Labeling:** Human-annotated with category + action flag, prompt-assisted with v7 labeling rules (precise tie-breakers for booking-bound deadlines, marketing recaps with reward language, CI/security automation, curated personalized outreach, satisfaction surveys with/without incentives)
|
| 117 |
+
- **Input format:** `Subject: ...\n\nBody: ...` (no instruction prefix)
|
| 118 |
+
|
| 119 |
+
## How to Use
|
| 120 |
+
|
| 121 |
+
### ONNX Runtime (React Native)
|
| 122 |
+
|
| 123 |
+
```typescript
|
| 124 |
+
import { InferenceSession, Tensor } from 'onnxruntime-react-native';
|
| 125 |
+
|
| 126 |
+
const session = await InferenceSession.create('model.onnx');
|
| 127 |
+
|
| 128 |
+
const outputs = await session.run({
|
| 129 |
+
input_ids: inputIdsTensor, // int64[1, seq_len]
|
| 130 |
+
attention_mask: attentionMaskTensor, // int64[1, seq_len]
|
| 131 |
+
token_type_ids: tokenTypeIdsTensor, // int64[1, seq_len], all zeros
|
| 132 |
+
});
|
| 133 |
+
|
| 134 |
+
const categoryProbs = outputs.category_probs.data; // Float32[5]
|
| 135 |
+
const actionProb = outputs.action_prob.data[0]; // Float32
|
| 136 |
+
```
|
| 137 |
+
|
| 138 |
+
### Python (PyTorch reference)
|
| 139 |
+
|
| 140 |
+
```python
|
| 141 |
+
from transformers import AutoTokenizer
|
| 142 |
+
import torch
|
| 143 |
+
|
| 144 |
+
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Ippoboi/malbert-email-classifier")
|
| 145 |
+
# Load DualHeadClassifier from checkpoint (see ml/scripts/train_classifier.py)
|
| 146 |
+
|
| 147 |
+
text = "Subject: Réunion demain\n\nBody: Peut-on reporter à 15h ?"
|
| 148 |
+
inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt", max_length=384, truncation=True)
|
| 149 |
+
|
| 150 |
+
with torch.no_grad():
|
| 151 |
+
cat_logits, act_logits = model(inputs["input_ids"], inputs["attention_mask"])
|
| 152 |
+
category = ["ALERT", "NEWSLETTER", "PERSONAL", "SOCIAL", "TRANSACTION"][cat_logits.argmax()]
|
| 153 |
+
action = torch.sigmoid(act_logits).item() > 0.5
|
| 154 |
+
```
|
| 155 |
+
|
| 156 |
+
### ONNX Runtime (Python)
|
| 157 |
+
|
| 158 |
+
```python
|
| 159 |
+
import onnxruntime as ort
|
| 160 |
+
from transformers import AutoTokenizer
|
| 161 |
+
import numpy as np
|
| 162 |
+
|
| 163 |
+
session = ort.InferenceSession("model.onnx")
|
| 164 |
+
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Ippoboi/malbert-email-classifier")
|
| 165 |
+
|
| 166 |
+
inputs = tokenizer(
|
| 167 |
+
"Subject: Your order has shipped\n\nBody: ...",
|
| 168 |
+
return_tensors="np",
|
| 169 |
+
max_length=384,
|
| 170 |
+
truncation=True,
|
| 171 |
+
padding="max_length",
|
| 172 |
+
)
|
| 173 |
+
cat_probs, act_prob = session.run(
|
| 174 |
+
["category_probs", "action_prob"],
|
| 175 |
+
{
|
| 176 |
+
"input_ids": inputs["input_ids"].astype(np.int64),
|
| 177 |
+
"attention_mask": inputs["attention_mask"].astype(np.int64),
|
| 178 |
+
"token_type_ids": np.zeros_like(inputs["input_ids"], dtype=np.int64),
|
| 179 |
+
},
|
| 180 |
+
)
|
| 181 |
+
categories = ["ALERT", "NEWSLETTER", "PERSONAL", "SOCIAL", "TRANSACTION"]
|
| 182 |
+
print(categories[cat_probs[0].argmax()], "action:", act_prob[0] > 0.5)
|
| 183 |
+
```
|
| 184 |
+
|
| 185 |
+
## Files
|
| 186 |
+
|
| 187 |
+
| File | Size | Description |
|
| 188 |
+
|------|------|-------------|
|
| 189 |
+
| `model.onnx` | 50.7 MB | INT8 quantized ONNX model |
|
| 190 |
+
| `tokenizer.json` | 8.2 MB | Fast tokenizer (SentencePiece Unigram, 128K vocab) |
|
| 191 |
+
| `spiece.model` | 2.3 MB | Raw SentencePiece vocab (optional, for Python reload) |
|
| 192 |
+
| `tokenizer_config.json` | 1.4 KB | Tokenizer config |
|
| 193 |
+
| `special_tokens_map.json` | 970 B | Special token names → IDs |
|
| 194 |
+
|
| 195 |
+
## Architecture
|
| 196 |
+
|
| 197 |
+
```
|
| 198 |
+
Input → ALBERT Encoder (12 virtual layers × 1 shared block, hidden=768)
|
| 199 |
+
↓
|
| 200 |
+
pooler_output (Linear+tanh on [CLS])
|
| 201 |
+
↓
|
| 202 |
+
┌─────┴─────┐
|
| 203 |
+
↓ ↓
|
| 204 |
+
Category Head Action Head
|
| 205 |
+
Linear(768→5) Linear(768→1)
|
| 206 |
+
↓ ↓
|
| 207 |
+
softmax sigmoid
|
| 208 |
+
↓ ↓
|
| 209 |
+
category_probs action_prob
|
| 210 |
+
```
|
| 211 |
+
|
| 212 |
+
ALBERT shares one physical transformer block across all 12 virtual layers. This gives ~24M total parameters (vs ~110M for an equivalent BERT-base) at the cost of representational capacity per virtual depth.
|
| 213 |
+
|
| 214 |
+
## Compared to Previous Model (MiniLM v1)
|
| 215 |
+
|
| 216 |
+
| | MiniLM v1 | mALBERT v3 (this) |
|
| 217 |
+
|---|---|---|
|
| 218 |
+
| Base architecture | XLM-R encoder, independent layers | ALBERT, parameter-shared |
|
| 219 |
+
| Parameters | ~117M | ~24M |
|
| 220 |
+
| ONNX size | 113 MB | **50.7 MB** |
|
| 221 |
+
| Max sequence | 256 | **384** |
|
| 222 |
+
| Vocab size | 250K | 128K |
|
| 223 |
+
| Category accuracy | 92.0% | 86.0% / 88.4% (ensemble) |
|
| 224 |
+
| Action accuracy | 82.8% | **84.8%** |
|
| 225 |
+
| FR cat parity | EN-favored | **EN/FR symmetric** |
|
| 226 |
+
|
| 227 |
+
mALBERT v3 trades raw category accuracy for **less than half the on-device footprint**, **wider context** (384 vs 256 tokens), and **balanced multilingual performance**. Action accuracy is higher; category accuracy is lower in absolute terms but the language gap closes.
|
| 228 |
+
|
| 229 |
+
## Limitations
|
| 230 |
+
|
| 231 |
+
- Trained on personal email patterns; may not generalize to enterprise/corporate email styles
|
| 232 |
+
- Classification accuracy depends on text quality (plain text preferred over heavy HTML)
|
| 233 |
+
- French action accuracy lags English by ~12 points; the v7 labeling prompt is EN-leaning in its action examples
|
| 234 |
+
- SOCIAL is the weakest category (F1 0.81) — smallest training class (268 examples) and shares features with NEWSLETTER for platform-mass-emails
|
| 235 |
+
- 384-token cap may truncate long emails; ~17% of training emails exceeded this limit
|
| 236 |
+
- ALBERT parameter sharing limits representational depth; for harder boundaries, a non-shared encoder (mDeBERTa-v3-base, MiniLM-L12) would have more capacity at higher inference cost
|
| 237 |
+
|
| 238 |
+
## License
|
| 239 |
+
|
| 240 |
+
Apache 2.0
|