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README.md
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- multimodal
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- vision-language-model
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- 3d-spatial-reasoning
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- qwen3_5
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- vggt
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- image-text-to-text
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language:
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- en
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---
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-
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-
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- Geometry encoder: `facebook/VGGT-1B`
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- Geometry encoder layers: `[11, 17, 23]`
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- Geometry fusion layers: `[0, 1, 2]`
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- Fusion method: `deepstack_language_add`
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- Geometry merger: `mlp`
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- Precision: `bfloat16`
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-
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/jzh15/SpatialStack.git
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pip install -e . --no-deps
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```
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```bash
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python scripts/inference/infer.py \
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--max-new-tokens 128
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```
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VSI-Bench
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```bash
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MODEL_PATH=Journey9ni/SpatialStack-Qwen3.5-4B \
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bash scripts/evaluation/eval.sh
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```
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##
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| Benchmark | Metric | Score |
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| --- | --- | ---: |
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| VSI-Bench | Average | 67.5 |
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| CV-Bench | Average | 85.5 |
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| CV-Bench | 3D | 92.2 |
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These numbers come from the SpatialStack project page and paper.
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## Limitations
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@article{zhang2026spatialstack,
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- multimodal
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- vision-language-model
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- 3d-spatial-reasoning
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- geometry
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- qwen3_5
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- vggt
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- image-text-to-text
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- cvpr2026
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language:
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- en
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model-index:
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- name: SpatialStack-Qwen3.5-4B
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results:
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- task:
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type: visual-question-answering
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name: 3D Spatial Reasoning
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dataset:
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type: vsibench
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name: VSI-Bench
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metrics:
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- type: accuracy
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name: Average
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value: 67.5
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- task:
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type: visual-question-answering
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name: 3D Spatial Reasoning
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dataset:
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type: cvbench
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name: CV-Bench
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metrics:
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- type: accuracy
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name: Average
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value: 85.5
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- type: accuracy
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name: 3D
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value: 92.2
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---
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<div align="center">
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# π SpatialStack-Qwen3.5-4B
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### Layered Geometry-Language Fusion for 3D VLM Spatial Reasoning
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**CVPR 2026**
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27437"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/π_Paper-arXiv-b31b1b.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://spatial-stack.github.io/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/π_Project-Site-4CAF50.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://github.com/jzh15/SpatialStack"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/π»_Code-GitHub-181717.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/Journey9ni/SpatialStackData"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/π¦_Data-HuggingFace-FFD21E.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/Journey9ni/SpatialStack-Qwen3.5-4B"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/π€_Model-HuggingFace-FF9D00.svg"></a>
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache_2.0-blue.svg">
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</div>
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---
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<div align="center">
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<img src="https://spatial-stack.github.io/static/images/fig1_teaser_v6.png" alt="SpatialStack Teaser" width="85%">
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</div>
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## π Overview
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**SpatialStack-Qwen3.5-4B** is a geometry-augmented vision-language model designed for **3D spatial reasoning**. It extends [Qwen3.5-4B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B) with a parallel [VGGT-1B](https://huggingface.co/facebook/VGGT-1B) geometry stream, using a novel **layered geometry-language fusion** mechanism that progressively aligns multi-level geometric and language features across model layers.
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> Geometry features from encoder layers **[11, 17, 23]** are projected and injected into decoder layers **[0, 1, 2]**, preserving both fine local structure and higher-level spatial context.
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## ποΈ Architecture
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<div align="center">
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<img src="https://spatial-stack.github.io/static/images/fig2_arch_v1.png" alt="SpatialStack Architecture" width="85%">
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</div>
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<table>
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<tr><td><b>Component</b></td><td><b>Detail</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td>Base Model</td><td><a href="https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B">Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td>Geometry Encoder</td><td><a href="https://huggingface.co/facebook/VGGT-1B">facebook/VGGT-1B</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td>Encoder Layers</td><td>[11, 17, 23]</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Fusion Layers</td><td>[0, 1, 2]</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Fusion Method</td><td>DeepStack Language-Add</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Geometry Merger</td><td>MLP</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Precision</td><td>bfloat16</td></tr>
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</table>
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## π Benchmark Results
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| Benchmark | Metric | Score |
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| **VSI-Bench** | Average | **67.5** |
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| **CV-Bench** | Average | **85.5** |
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| **CV-Bench** | 3D | **92.2** |
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> Results from the [SpatialStack project page](https://spatial-stack.github.io/) and [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27437).
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## π Quick Start
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### Installation
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/jzh15/SpatialStack.git
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pip install -e . --no-deps
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```
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> For full environment setup (PyTorch, flash_attn, Qwen3.5 dependencies), see the [repo README](https://github.com/jzh15/SpatialStack#setup).
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### Single-Image Inference
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```bash
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python scripts/inference/infer.py \
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--max-new-tokens 128
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```
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### VSI-Bench Evaluation
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```bash
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MODEL_PATH=Journey9ni/SpatialStack-Qwen3.5-4B \
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bash scripts/evaluation/eval.sh
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```
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## β οΈ Limitations
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- Requires a separate geometry encoder ([VGGT-1B](https://huggingface.co/facebook/VGGT-1B)) alongside the vision-language backbone.
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- Optimized for spatial reasoning benchmarks; not intended for general-purpose multimodal chat.
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- Not validated for safety-critical use, robotics deployment, or real-world decision making.
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## π Citation
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```bibtex
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@article{zhang2026spatialstack,
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