File size: 5,559 Bytes
1fd0050
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <map>
#include <random>

using namespace std;

// Global variables to store state
int N;
long long K;
map<pair<int, int>, long long> memo;
int queries_count = 0;

// Function to perform a query with memoization
long long query(int r, int c) {
    if (r < 1 || r > N || c < 1 || c > N) return 2e18; // Should not happen
    if (memo.count({r, c})) return memo[{r, c}];
    
    // Safety check for query limit
    if (queries_count >= 50000) return 2e18; 

    cout << "QUERY " << r << " " << c << endl;
    long long val;
    cin >> val;
    memo[{r, c}] = val;
    queries_count++;
    return val;
}

int main() {
    // Optimize I/O operations
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(NULL);

    if (!(cin >> N >> K)) return 0;

    // lo[i] is the first candidate column in row i
    // hi[i] is the last candidate column in row i
    // Initially all cells are candidates
    vector<int> lo(N + 1, 1);
    vector<int> hi(N + 1, N);
    
    // Random number generator
    mt19937_64 rng(1337);

    while (true) {
        // Identify valid rows and calculate total active size
        long long active_size = 0;
        vector<int> valid_rows;
        for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
            if (lo[i] <= hi[i]) {
                active_size += (hi[i] - lo[i] + 1);
                valid_rows.push_back(i);
            }
        }

        // Heuristic to switch to final collection
        // If active size is small or we are running out of queries, fetch all remaining candidates
        if (active_size <= 2500 || (50000 - queries_count) <= active_size + 100) {
            vector<long long> candidates;
            candidates.reserve(active_size);
            for (int r : valid_rows) {
                for (int c = lo[r]; c <= hi[r]; ++c) {
                    candidates.push_back(query(r, c));
                }
            }
            sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end());
            
            // Calculate how many elements strictly smaller than the active set are already counted
            long long smaller_count = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
                smaller_count += (lo[i] - 1);
            }
            
            long long index = K - smaller_count - 1; 
            if (index < 0) index = 0;
            if (index >= candidates.size()) index = candidates.size() - 1;
            
            cout << "DONE " << candidates[index] << endl;
            return 0;
        }

        // Sampling to pick a good pivot
        int samples_cnt = 25; 
        if (active_size < samples_cnt) samples_cnt = active_size;
        
        vector<long long> samples;
        for (int s = 0; s < samples_cnt; ++s) {
            long long idx = uniform_int_distribution<long long>(0, active_size - 1)(rng);
            // Locate the cell (r, c) corresponding to linear index idx
            int r_idx = -1, c_idx = -1;
            long long current = 0;
            for (int r : valid_rows) {
                long long width = hi[r] - lo[r] + 1;
                if (idx < current + width) {
                    r_idx = r;
                    c_idx = lo[r] + (idx - current);
                    break;
                }
                current += width;
            }
            if (r_idx != -1) samples.push_back(query(r_idx, c_idx));
        }
        sort(samples.begin(), samples.end());

        // Select pivot based on approximate location of K
        long long smaller_count_global = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) smaller_count_global += (lo[i] - 1);
        long long needed = K - smaller_count_global;
        
        double ratio = (double)needed / active_size;
        int sample_idx = (int)(ratio * samples.size());
        if (sample_idx < 0) sample_idx = 0;
        if (sample_idx >= samples.size()) sample_idx = samples.size() - 1;
        
        long long pivot = samples[sample_idx];

        // Rank the pivot in the matrix using the saddleback search idea within active region
        long long count_le = 0;
        vector<int> p(N + 1);
        
        int c = N; 
        for (int r = 1; r <= N; ++r) {
            count_le += (lo[r] - 1);
            
            // Limit c by the current row's upper bound (and previous row's c, implicit by loop structure)
            c = min(c, hi[r]);
            
            if (lo[r] > hi[r]) {
                // Inactive row: boundary is fixed at hi[r]
                p[r] = c;
            } else {
                // Active row: find largest c such that a[r][c] <= pivot
                while (c >= lo[r]) {
                    long long val = query(r, c);
                    if (val > pivot) {
                        c--;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                p[r] = c;
                count_le += (c - lo[r] + 1);
            }
        }
        
        // Update boundaries based on pivot rank
        if (count_le < K) {
            // pivot is strictly smaller than answer
            // Discard elements <= pivot (so indices <= p[r])
            for (int r = 1; r <= N; ++r) {
                if (lo[r] <= hi[r])
                    lo[r] = max(lo[r], p[r] + 1);
            }
        } else {
            // pivot is >= answer
            // Discard elements > pivot (so indices > p[r])
            for (int r = 1; r <= N; ++r) {
                if (lo[r] <= hi[r])
                    hi[r] = min(hi[r], p[r]);
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}