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1fd0050 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 | #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stack>
#include <random>
#include <chrono>
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 500005;
int n, m;
int a[10];
vector<int> adj[MAXN];
// Tarjan's Algorithm for SCC
int dfn[MAXN], low[MAXN], timer;
int stk[MAXN], top;
bool in_stk[MAXN];
int scc[MAXN], scc_cnt;
int scc_size[MAXN];
void tarjan(int u) {
dfn[u] = low[u] = ++timer;
stk[++top] = u;
in_stk[u] = true;
for (int v : adj[u]) {
if (!dfn[v]) {
tarjan(v);
low[u] = min(low[u], low[v]);
} else if (in_stk[v]) {
low[u] = min(low[u], dfn[v]);
}
}
if (low[u] == dfn[u]) {
scc_cnt++;
int v;
do {
v = stk[top--];
in_stk[v] = false;
scc[v] = scc_cnt;
scc_size[scc_cnt]++;
} while (u != v);
}
}
// Logic variables
vector<int> scc_adj[MAXN];
int in_degree[MAXN];
int scc_rank[MAXN]; // Topological order rank
int scc_sz_by_rank[MAXN];
vector<int> nodes_in_scc[MAXN];
// DFS Solver state
bool visited[MAXN];
int current_scc_visited[MAXN]; // Count of visited nodes in each scc rank
vector<int> adj_sorted[MAXN];
int out_deg_same[MAXN]; // Helper for Warnsdorff's heuristic
// Random number generator
mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
// Backtracking control
long long operations = 0;
const long long MAX_OPS = 90000000; // Heuristic operation limit
bool found = false;
struct State {
int u;
int idx; // current index in adj_sorted[u]
};
vector<int> best_path;
void solve() {
// 1. Find SCCs
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if (!dfn[i]) tarjan(i);
// 2. Build Condensation Graph
for (int u = 1; u <= n; u++) {
for (int v : adj[u]) {
if (scc[u] != scc[v]) {
scc_adj[scc[u]].push_back(scc[v]);
in_degree[scc[v]]++;
}
}
}
// 3. Topological Sort of SCCs
vector<int> q;
for (int i = 1; i <= scc_cnt; i++) {
sort(scc_adj[i].begin(), scc_adj[i].end());
scc_adj[i].erase(unique(scc_adj[i].begin(), scc_adj[i].end()), scc_adj[i].end());
if (in_degree[i] == 0) q.push_back(i);
}
vector<int> topo_order;
int head = 0;
while(head < q.size()){
int u = q[head++];
topo_order.push_back(u);
for(int v : scc_adj[u]){
in_degree[v]--;
if(in_degree[v] == 0) q.push_back(v);
}
}
// 4. Assign ranks based on topological order
// Since a Hamiltonian Path exists, the condensation graph must allow a linear traversal.
// The topological sort index effectively gives the order of SCCs in that path.
for(int i=0; i<topo_order.size(); ++i){
scc_rank[topo_order[i]] = i;
scc_sz_by_rank[i] = scc_size[topo_order[i]];
nodes_in_scc[i].reserve(scc_size[topo_order[i]]);
}
for(int i=1; i<=n; ++i){
nodes_in_scc[scc_rank[scc[i]]].push_back(i);
}
// 5. Calculate 'out_deg_same' for Warnsdorff's heuristic
for(int u=1; u<=n; ++u){
int r_u = scc_rank[scc[u]];
for(int v : adj[u]){
if(scc_rank[scc[v]] == r_u) {
out_deg_same[u]++;
}
}
}
// 6. Sort adjacency lists with heuristic
// Heuristic: Prefer same-SCC neighbors first (sorted by their out-degree), then next-SCC neighbors.
for(int u=1; u<=n; ++u){
int r_u = scc_rank[scc[u]];
vector<pair<int, int>> neighbors; // {priority, v}
for(int v : adj[u]){
int r_v = scc_rank[scc[v]];
if(r_v == r_u) {
neighbors.push_back({0, v});
} else if (r_v == r_u + 1) {
neighbors.push_back({1, v});
}
// Edges skipping SCCs (u -> u+k where k>1) or going back are ignored
// because they violate the Hamiltonian Path structure (must visit all nodes).
}
sort(neighbors.begin(), neighbors.end(), [&](const pair<int,int>& a, const pair<int,int>& b){
if(a.first != b.first) return a.first < b.first;
if(a.first == 0) {
// For same SCC, use Warnsdorff's rule: pick neighbor with fewer available moves.
return out_deg_same[a.second] < out_deg_same[b.second];
}
return false;
});
for(auto &p : neighbors) adj_sorted[u].push_back(p.second);
}
// 7. Randomized DFS with Backtracking/Restarts
vector<int>& start_nodes = nodes_in_scc[0];
vector<State> dfs_stack;
dfs_stack.reserve(n);
while(operations < MAX_OPS && !found) {
// Reset state for new attempt
for(int i=1; i<=n; ++i) visited[i] = false;
for(int i=0; i<scc_cnt; ++i) current_scc_visited[i] = 0;
dfs_stack.clear();
if(start_nodes.empty()) break;
int start_node = start_nodes[rng() % start_nodes.size()];
visited[start_node] = true;
current_scc_visited[scc_rank[scc[start_node]]]++;
dfs_stack.push_back({start_node, 0});
// Save initial path
if(dfs_stack.size() > best_path.size()){
best_path.clear();
for(auto &st : dfs_stack) best_path.push_back(st.u);
}
while(!dfs_stack.empty()){
operations++;
if(operations > MAX_OPS) break;
State &top_state = dfs_stack.back();
int u = top_state.u;
if(dfs_stack.size() == n) {
found = true;
break;
}
int next_v = -1;
int r_u = scc_rank[scc[u]];
// Try to find a valid next neighbor
while(top_state.idx < adj_sorted[u].size()){
int v = adj_sorted[u][top_state.idx];
top_state.idx++;
if(!visited[v]){
int r_v = scc_rank[scc[v]];
bool can_go = false;
if(r_v == r_u) {
can_go = true;
} else if (r_v == r_u + 1) {
// Can only move to next SCC if we visited all nodes in current SCC
if(current_scc_visited[r_u] == scc_sz_by_rank[r_u]){
can_go = true;
}
}
if(can_go){
next_v = v;
break;
}
}
}
if(next_v != -1) {
visited[next_v] = true;
current_scc_visited[scc_rank[scc[next_v]]]++;
dfs_stack.push_back({next_v, 0});
// Update best path if this path is longer
if(dfs_stack.size() > best_path.size()){
best_path.clear();
for(auto &st : dfs_stack) best_path.push_back(st.u);
}
} else {
// Backtrack
visited[u] = false;
current_scc_visited[scc_rank[scc[u]]]--;
dfs_stack.pop_back();
}
}
if(found) {
best_path.clear();
for(auto &st : dfs_stack) best_path.push_back(st.u);
break;
}
}
}
int main() {
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(NULL);
if(!(cin >> n >> m)) return 0;
for(int i=0; i<10; ++i) cin >> a[i];
for(int i=0; i<m; ++i){
int u, v;
cin >> u >> v;
adj[u].push_back(v);
}
solve();
cout << best_path.size() << "\n";
for(int i=0; i<best_path.size(); ++i){
cout << best_path[i] << (i == best_path.size()-1 ? "" : " ");
}
cout << "\n";
return 0;
} |