File size: 3,818 Bytes
1fd0050 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 | #include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(nullptr);
int T;
if (!(cin >> T)) return 0;
while (T--) {
int n;
cin >> n;
vector<int> p(n + 1);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) cin >> p[i];
vector<vector<int>> g(n + 1);
vector<int> eu(n), ev(n);
for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; ++i) {
int u, v;
cin >> u >> v;
eu[i] = u;
ev[i] = v;
g[u].push_back(v);
g[v].push_back(u);
}
// Edge ID matrix for O(1) lookup
vector<vector<int>> edgeID(n + 1, vector<int>(n + 1, -1));
for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; ++i) {
int u = eu[i], v = ev[i];
edgeID[u][v] = i;
edgeID[v][u] = i;
}
// Leaf peeling order
vector<int> deg(n + 1);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) deg[i] = (int)g[i].size();
vector<int> order;
order.reserve(n);
queue<int> q;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
if (deg[i] <= 1) q.push(i);
}
vector<bool> removed(n + 1, false);
while (!q.empty()) {
int v = q.front();
q.pop();
if (removed[v]) continue;
removed[v] = true;
order.push_back(v);
for (int to : g[v]) {
if (!removed[to]) {
if (--deg[to] == 1) q.push(to);
}
}
}
if ((int)order.size() != n) {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
if (!removed[i]) order.push_back(i);
}
// Active vertices
vector<bool> active(n + 1, true);
// Token positions
vector<int> pos(n + 1);
for (int v = 1; v <= n; ++v) {
int tok = p[v];
pos[tok] = v;
}
vector<int> ops;
ops.reserve((size_t)n * (size_t)n);
vector<int> parent(n + 1);
// Process vertices in leaf-peeling order except last
for (int idx = 0; idx < n - 1; ++idx) {
int v = order[idx];
if (!active[v]) continue;
if (p[v] == v) {
active[v] = false;
continue;
}
int start = pos[v];
// BFS on active subgraph from start to v
fill(parent.begin(), parent.end(), -1);
queue<int> qq;
parent[start] = start;
qq.push(start);
while (!qq.empty()) {
int x = qq.front();
qq.pop();
if (x == v) break;
for (int y : g[x]) {
if (!active[y]) continue;
if (parent[y] != -1) continue;
parent[y] = x;
qq.push(y);
}
}
// Reconstruct path from start to v
int x = v;
vector<int> path;
while (x != start) {
path.push_back(x);
x = parent[x];
}
path.push_back(start);
reverse(path.begin(), path.end());
// Perform swaps along the path
for (int i = 0; i + 1 < (int)path.size(); ++i) {
int a = path[i];
int b = path[i + 1];
int eid = edgeID[a][b];
ops.push_back(eid);
int tokA = p[a], tokB = p[b];
p[a] = tokB;
p[b] = tokA;
pos[tokA] = b;
pos[tokB] = a;
}
active[v] = false;
}
// Output operations
cout << ops.size() << "\n";
for (int eid : ops) {
cout << 1 << " " << eid << "\n";
}
}
return 0;
} |