#include #include #include using namespace std; struct Instruction { string type; int a, x, b, y; }; long long k; vector program; void add_inst(string type, int a, int x, int b, int y) { program.push_back({type, a, x, b, y}); } // Helper to get current instruction index (1-based) int current_idx() { return program.size() + 1; } int main() { if (cin >> k) {} if (k == 1) { cout << "1" << endl; cout << "HALT PUSH 1 GOTO 1" << endl; return 0; } // Target cost W = k - 1 // Costs: C_0 = 2, C_i = 2*C_{i-1} + 6 long long W = k - 1; // Determine number of layers m vector min_costs; long long curr = 2; min_costs.push_back(curr); while (true) { long long next_c = 2 * curr + 6; if (next_c > W) break; min_costs.push_back(next_c); curr = next_c; } int m = min_costs.size() - 1; vector layer_costs(m + 1); vector k_waste(m + 1); layer_costs[m] = W; for (int i = m; i >= 1; --i) { long long target = (layer_costs[i] - 6) / 2; if (target % 2 != 0) target--; layer_costs[i-1] = target; k_waste[i] = (layer_costs[i] - 6 - 2 * layer_costs[i-1]) / 2; } k_waste[0] = (layer_costs[0] - 2) / 2; // Inst 1: HALT ... add_inst("HALT", 0, 0, 1, 0); // Placeholder y vector entry_indices(m + 1); vector return_patch_indices(m + 1); for (int i = 0; i <= m; ++i) { entry_indices[i] = current_idx(); int V_i1 = 2 * i + 1; int V_i2 = 2 * i + 2; if (i == 0) { // Layer 0 for (int w = 0; w < k_waste[0]; ++w) { int loop_push = current_idx(); add_inst("POP", 1024, loop_push, 1000, loop_push + 1); int loop_pop = current_idx(); add_inst("POP", 1000, loop_pop + 1, 1000, loop_pop); } int ret_inst = current_idx(); add_inst("POP", V_i1, 0, 1, 0); return_patch_indices[i] = ret_inst; } else { // Layer i > 0 int V_prev1 = 2 * (i - 1) + 1; // Entry_i add_inst("POP", 1024, current_idx(), V_prev1, entry_indices[i-1]); // Return_{i-1} handler int ret_handler_idx = current_idx(); program[return_patch_indices[i-1] - 1].x = ret_handler_idx; int transit_idx = ret_handler_idx + 1; int transit_len = 1 + 2 * k_waste[i] + 1; int check2_idx = transit_idx + transit_len; add_inst("POP", V_i1, transit_idx, 1024, check2_idx); // Transit add_inst("POP", 1024, current_idx(), V_i2, current_idx() + 1); for (int w = 0; w < k_waste[i]; ++w) { int loop_push = current_idx(); add_inst("POP", 1024, loop_push, 1000, loop_push + 1); int loop_pop = current_idx(); add_inst("POP", 1000, loop_pop + 1, 1000, loop_pop); } add_inst("POP", 1024, current_idx(), V_prev1, entry_indices[i-1]); // Check2 add_inst("POP", 1024, current_idx() + 1, 1024, current_idx()); int ret_inst = current_idx(); add_inst("POP", V_i2, 0, 1, 0); return_patch_indices[i] = ret_inst; } } program[0].y = entry_indices[m]; program[return_patch_indices[m] - 1].x = 1; cout << program.size() << endl; for (const auto& ins : program) { if (ins.type == "HALT") { cout << "HALT PUSH " << ins.b << " GOTO " << ins.y << endl; } else { cout << "POP " << ins.a << " GOTO " << ins.x << " PUSH " << ins.b << " GOTO " << ins.y << endl; } } return 0; }