---
license: mit
language:
  - nan
  - zh
  - en
library_name: GPT-SoVITS
tags:
  - text-to-speech
  - tts
  - voice-cloning
  - taiwanese
  - hokkien
  - poj
  - peh-oe-ji
  - gpt-sovits
pipeline_tag: text-to-speech
base_model:
  - lj1995/GPT-SoVITS
---

# GPT-SoVITS Taiwanese (Hokkien) — Trilingual S1 + r4 e15 S2

Pre-trained weights for the Taiwanese (Hokkien / Pe̍h-ōe-jī) fork of
[GPT-SoVITS](https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS). The S1 is
trilingual (TW + ZH + weak EN) thanks to embedding transplant; the S2
is a v2ProTw vocoder finetuned on Taiwanese audio.

**Inference code, sandhi preprocessor, training recipe, and Traditional
Chinese documentation:**
[github.com/KaedeTai/GPT-SoVITS](https://github.com/KaedeTai/GPT-SoVITS) ·
[TAIWANESE.md](https://github.com/KaedeTai/GPT-SoVITS/blob/main/TAIWANESE.md) ·
[TAIWANESE.zh-tw.md](https://github.com/KaedeTai/GPT-SoVITS/blob/main/TAIWANESE.zh-tw.md)

## Files

| File | Size | What |
|------|------|------|
| `s1_trilingual.ckpt` | 156 MB | S1 GPT — TW (sandhi-trained, e15) + transplanted base ZH/EN embeddings |
| `s2_r4_e15.pth` | 952 MB | S2 SoVITS v2ProTw — full-state ckpt at epoch 15 of finetune run r4 |

## Quick start

```bash
git clone https://github.com/KaedeTai/GPT-SoVITS.git
cd GPT-SoVITS
python3.11 -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install -r requirements.txt
./download_pretrained.sh   # upstream base pretraineds (BERT, hubert, etc.)

# Pull these weights
hf download KaedeTai/gpt-sovits-tw s1_trilingual.ckpt --local-dir ./models
hf download KaedeTai/gpt-sovits-tw s2_r4_e15.pth      --local-dir ./models

# One-line synthesis (POJ-with-diacritics in, mp3 out)
python -m tw_inference.tts_cli "Lí hó, sè-kài!" -o hello.mp3
```

Or the local web UI:

```bash
python -m tw_inference.webui   # → http://127.0.0.1:5557/
```

## Quality

| Language | Fluency | Pronunciation | Notes |
|----------|---------|---------------|-------|
| Taiwanese (POJ) | ~80 / 100 | ~75 / 100 | Single trained speaker; long sentences (>60 syllables) occasionally drift. |
| Mandarin (中文) | usable | usable | Preserved via embedding transplant from `s1v3` base. |
| English | weak | weak | Base never had real English; included for completeness only. |

Code-switching within one utterance is **not supported** — use
`{tw:...}` / `{zh:...}` markup per segment.

## Architecture

Two-stage TTS:

- **S1 (GPT)** — autoregressive token model mapping POJ phoneme tokens
  → SoVITS semantic codes. Vocabulary expanded from 732 → 1033 (301
  Taiwanese `tw_*` tokens added on top of the upstream Mandarin
  vocabulary). The trilingual variant preserves Mandarin by
  transplanting rows 0..731 of the embedding table from a clean
  `s1v3` checkpoint back into the TW-finetuned ckpt.
- **S2 (SoVITS v2Pro / v2ProTw)** — non-autoregressive vocoder; takes
  semantic codes + a speaker embedding (cnhubert + sv) and produces
  32 kHz mono waveform.
- **Sandhi preprocessor** — applies standard Taiwanese tone-sandhi
  rules to citation-tone POJ before tokenization, so the model sees
  the tone sequence speakers actually produce. 13 flags; defaults
  match the eval configuration that produced our best reported CER.

## Training data

- **MoE Tâi-uân-gí 教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典** example sentences
  (majority of the corpus).
- **Common Voice `nan-tw`** validated split.
- Multi-speaker. Per-segment 3-12 s, 32 kHz mono, loudness normalised.
- Labels: POJ with diacritics, pre-processed with the sandhi
  preprocessor so the written form matches the audio realisation.

Total: roughly 15-25 hours of paired audio + POJ.

## Evaluation

Reported quality is from human listening; ASR-based CER was used for
ablations but flattens out at the top of the quality curve.

| Test set | Stack | Mean POJ-CER (BreezeASR-26-derived) |
|----------|-------|--------------------------------------|
| Canonical 5-sentence | S1 trilingual e15 + S2 r4 e15 + sandhi v1 | **4.44%** |
| 13-sentence long content | same | ~15% |

Per-sentence breakdown for the 5-sentence set is in
[`tw_samples/eval_summary.json`](https://github.com/KaedeTai/GPT-SoVITS/blob/main/tw_samples/eval_summary.json)
in the GitHub repo. Demo mp3s are in
[`tw_samples/demo_*.mp3`](https://github.com/KaedeTai/GPT-SoVITS/tree/main/tw_samples).

## Known limitations

- **English is weak.** Don't ship this for English use cases.
- **Long sentences drift** past ~60 syllables. The inference pipeline
  splits at punctuation to mitigate but doesn't eliminate this.
- **Code-switching not supported** within a single utterance.
- **Single training speaker fidelity** is capped by the multi-speaker
  corpus heterogeneity; with a single-speaker corpus we'd expect
  higher voice consistency but narrower coverage.
- **POJ input only.** No built-in Han-character → POJ pipeline.
- **MPS nondeterminism.** Same seed + same machine still produces
  audibly different output across runs (5-10% spread).

## How this was built (short version)

The long version with lessons learned and what we'd do differently is
in [TAIWANESE.md](https://github.com/KaedeTai/GPT-SoVITS/blob/main/TAIWANESE.md#lessons-learned).
Short version:

1. **S2 first** (~24 h on M1 Max): full SoVITS v2ProTw finetune from
   `s2Gv2Pro.pth`. 15 epochs.
2. **S1 next** (~12-30 h): `s1_train_mps_arpa_freeze.py` from
   `s1v3.ckpt`, ARPA-row freeze, warmup → cosine LR (peak 1e-2, end
   1e-4, 2000-step warmup, 40k-step decay). Critical patch: upstream
   `lr_schedulers.py` had a hardcode locking every run to LR=0.002
   regardless of yaml; that's now removed.
3. **Sandhi-aligned labels are non-negotiable.** Training on
   citation-tone POJ when the recordings have natural sandhi produces
   a systematically mispronouncing model.
4. **Embedding transplant** for the trilingual variant: copy rows
   0..731 from a clean `s1v3` back into the TW-finetuned ckpt.
   Restores Mandarin without touching the trained TW rows.

## License & credits

- License: **MIT** (matches upstream GPT-SoVITS).
- Upstream: [RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS](https://github.com/RVC-Boss/GPT-SoVITS).
- TW adaptation: [KaedeTai](https://github.com/KaedeTai).
- Acknowledgments: MoE 教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 example sentence
  corpus, Common Voice `nan-tw` (Mozilla), BreezeASR-26 (MediaTek)
  for TW ASR eval, linshoufan/whisper-small-nan-tw-pinyin for POJ
  ASR.

## Citation

If you find this useful in academic work, please cite the upstream
GPT-SoVITS and this fork:

```bibtex
@misc{gpt-sovits-tw-2026,
  title  = {GPT-SoVITS Taiwanese (Hokkien) trilingual fork},
  author = {KaedeTai},
  year   = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/KaedeTai/gpt-sovits-tw}}
}
```