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README.md

@@ -1,74 +1,303 @@
 ---
-library_name: transformers
+language: en
+license: apache-2.0
 tags:
-- generated_from_trainer
-model-index:
-- name: NeoLLM
-  results: []
+- causal-lm
+- research
+- bf16
+- attention
+- normalization
+- neollm
+datasets:
+- HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
 ---
 
-<!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
-should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->
-
 # NeoLLM
 
-This model is a fine-tuned version of [](https://huggingface.co/) on an unknown dataset.
-It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
-- Loss: 4.8333
-- Ntp Loss: 4.2436
-- Ntp Ce Unweighted: 3.5923
-- Mile Reweighting Delta: 0.6512
-- Mu Loss: 0.0001
-- Tweo Loss: 0.0016
-- Nitp Loss: 0.4902
-- Total Model Loss: 4.7338
-- Meap Mask Embedding Rms: 0.0432
-- Meap Mask Embedding Max Abs: 0.5781
-- Gradient Stabilizer Target Global Norm: 18.9319
-- Gradient Stabilizer Mean Tensor Scale: 330.9539
-- Gradient Stabilizer Min Tensor Scale: 1.3281
-- Gradient Stabilizer Max Tensor Scale: 1536.0
-- Gradient Stabilizer Active Parameter Tensors: 366.0
-- Gradient Stabilizer Skipped Parameter Tensors: 0.0
+NeoLLM is a **84.57 M parameter** decoder-only language model trained from scratch on
+[FineWeb-Edu](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu) with
+**BF16** compute, completing training in approximately
+**~1h 11m** on **NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090**.
+It integrates a collection of recently published attention and normalization techniques
+into a single architecture, with the goal of studying how they interact during
+pretraining. The model is actively being developed and the current checkpoint represents
+an intermediate training state.
+
+> **Author / contact:** [@Kyokopom](https://x.com/Kyokopom) on X
+> **Repository:** [KitsuVp/NeoLLM](https://huggingface.co/KitsuVp/NeoLLM)
+
+---
+
+## Architecture
+
+NeoLLM is a decoder-only transformer with the following configuration:
+
+| Parameter | Value |
+|---|---|
+| Hidden size | 512 |
+| Layers | 12 |
+| Attention heads | 8 |
+| KV heads (GQA) | 4 |
+| Head dim | 64 |
+| Intermediate size | 1536 |
+| Vocabulary | LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Thinking tokenizer (64,402 tokens) |
+| Context length | 512 tokens |
+
+### Parameter breakdown
+
+| Parameter bucket | Count |
+|---|---|
+| **Total parameters** | 84.57M (84,567,928) |
+| **Embedding parameters** (tied) | 32.97M (32,973,824) |
+| **Non-embedding parameters** | 51.59M (51,594,104) |
+| **Effective trainable parameters** | 84.57M (84,567,928) |
+
+> Weight tying is **enabled**: the input embedding matrix and the language-model head
+> share the same parameters, so the effective trainable budget is
+> `total − embed = 51.59M`.
 
-## Model description
+### Integrated techniques
 
-More information needed
+NeoLLM combines architecture modules, optional auxiliary objectives, and
+training-time optimizer/stability components from the following papers.
 
-## Intended uses & limitations
+**Embedding and token representation**
 
-More information needed
+- **Learnable Multipliers** ([arXiv:2601.04890](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04890)) — Adds
+  per-row and per-column learnable scalar parameters to selected matrix layers and, when
+  enabled, embeddings.
+- **Leviathan** ([arXiv:2601.22040](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22040)) — Optional
+  continuous token embedding generator that can replace the discrete input lookup table.
+- **KHRONOS** ([arXiv:2505.13315](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13315)) — Kernel/basis
+  reference used by the Leviathan continuous token generator implementation.
+- **Spelling Bee Embeddings** ([arXiv:2601.18030](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18030)) —
+  Augments token embeddings with character-level spelling information.
+- **Token Embedding Manifold analysis** ([arXiv:2504.01002](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01002)) —
+  Reference motivation for treating token embeddings as structured objects rather than
+  unconstrained lookup rows.
 
-## Training and evaluation data
+**Attention, positions, and output projection**
 
-More information needed
+- **FAN** ([arXiv:2502.21309](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.21309)) — Fourier Analysis Networks.
+  A portion of the projection channels are dedicated to periodic cosine/sine features.
+- **MEA** ([arXiv:2601.19611](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19611)) — Explicit Multi-head
+  Attention. Adds small learnable interaction matrices between attention heads for K and V.
+- **LUCID** ([arXiv:2602.10410](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10410)) — Applies a learned
+  lower-triangular preconditioner to V before attention, decorrelating value representations
+  across positions.
+- **Affine-Scaled Attention** ([arXiv:2602.23057](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23057)) — Adds
+  two learnable per-head scalars (α and β) to the softmax weights:
+  `[α·softmax(QKᵀ) + β]·V`.
+- **XSA** ([arXiv:2603.09078](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09078)) — Exclusive Self Attention.
+  After computing attention, removes the component of the output aligned with the token's
+  own value vector.
+- **Directional Routing** ([arXiv:2603.14923](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14923)) — Each head
+  learns K=4 directions in the output space; a learned router suppresses the attention output
+  along each direction per input.
+- **Gated Attention** ([arXiv:2505.06708](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06708)) — A sigmoid gate
+  is applied to the attention output before the output projection, introducing non-linearity
+  and preventing attention sinks.
+- **Momentum Attention** ([arXiv:2411.03884](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.03884)) — Modifies Q
+  and K by subtracting a fraction of the previous position's Q and K values (causal
+  first-difference).
+- **Interleaved Head Attention / IHA** ([arXiv:2602.21371](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.21371)) —
+  Builds pseudo-heads from learned cross-head mixtures to create multiple attention patterns
+  per original head.
+- **REPO** ([arXiv:2512.14391](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14391)) — Context re-positioning
+  module that learns contextual position coordinates above a configurable start layer.
+- **GRAPE** ([arXiv:2512.07805](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07805)) — Group representational
+  position encoding used by the REPO-GRAPE positional path.
+- **GOAT priors** ([arXiv:2601.15380](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15380)) — Optional
+  factorized attention log-prior channels inspired by trainable attention priors.
+- **Hadamard output projection** ([arXiv:2603.08343](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08343)) —
+  Replaces dense attention output projection with a structured Hadamard transform plus
+  lightweight scaling.
 
-## Training procedure
+**Normalization, residual flow, and MLP**
+
+- **SeeDNorm** ([arXiv:2510.22777](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22777)) — Applied to Q and K
+  projections. Dynamically rescales normalization from the input's own statistics.
+- **LayerNorm Scaling / LNS** ([arXiv:2502.05795](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05795)) — Each
+  layer's output is scaled by 1/√ℓ where ℓ is the layer index.
+- **GPAS** ([arXiv:2506.22049](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22049)) — Gradient-Preserving
+  Activation Scaling for residual junctions.
+- **PolyNorm** ([arXiv:2602.04902](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04902)) — Replaces the standard
+  MLP activation with normalized linear, quadratic, and cubic branches.
+- **SimpleGPT** ([arXiv:2602.01212](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01212)) — Second-order
+  geometry-inspired normalization strategy applied inside MLP projections.
+- **StackMemory / STACKTRANS** ([NeurIPS 2025](https://openreview.net/forum?id=2bbDg587uh)) —
+  Optional differentiable hidden-state stack between decoder layers.
+- **Attention Residuals / AttnRes** ([arXiv:2603.15031](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15031)) —
+  Optional learned depth-wise aggregation over previous layer outputs or block summaries.
+- **LAUREL** ([arXiv:2411.07501](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07501)) — Optional learned
+  augmented residual layer with residual-weight and low-rank variants.
+
+**Training objectives and training-time regularizers**
+
+- **Cut Cross Entropy** ([Apple repository](https://github.com/apple/ml-cross-entropy)) —
+  Memory-efficient next-token loss that avoids materializing the full token-by-vocabulary
+  logits tensor. NeoLLM remains compatible with the upstream package when the extensions
+  below are disabled.
+- **MiLe Loss** ([arXiv:2310.19531](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.19531)) — Optional detached,
+  mean-normalized predictive-entropy weighting of token losses, implemented inside the
+  extended CCE path.
+- **Output Embedding Centering / mu-loss**
+  ([arXiv:2601.02031](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.02031)) — Optional
+  `lambda * ||mean(output_embeddings)||^2` regularizer for output-logit stability.
+- **MEAP** ([arXiv:2502.07490](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.07490)) — Optional training-only
+  input corruption that masks a fixed fraction of eligible tokens while preserving clean
+  next-token labels, causal attention, and the inference path.
+- **TWEO** ([arXiv:2511.23225](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.23225)) — Optional
+  Transformers Without Extreme Outliers activation regularizer for FP8/low-bit-friendly
+  training.
+- **NITP** ([arXiv:2605.24956](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24956)) — Optional Next Implicit
+  Token Prediction auxiliary objective using shallow-layer implicit token targets and a
+  cosine loss.
+- **NextLat** ([arXiv:2511.05963](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05963)) — Optional next-latent
+  prediction objective using latent dynamics, Smooth L1 supervision, and frozen-head KL.
+
+### Optional extended-CCE configuration
+
+| Feature | Enabled | Value |
+|---|---:|---:|
+| MiLe Loss | True | gamma=1.0 |
+| mu-loss | True | lambda=0.0001 |
+| MEAP | True | ratio=0.15 |
+
+MiLe, mu-loss, and MEAP require the extended
+[`Kitsunp/ml-cross-entropy`](https://github.com/Kitsunp/ml-cross-entropy) package only when
+their corresponding flags are enabled. With all flags disabled, NeoLLM calls upstream CCE
+without extension-specific arguments. When any extension is active, CCE reports three compact
+scalars: unweighted NTP cross entropy, the MiLe reweighting delta, and the mu-loss penalty.
+Their sum reconstructs `ntp_loss` exactly. MEAP reports its eligible and selected counts from
+the masking kernel; the trainer logs the selected count and exact fraction. No diagnostic path
+materializes full-vocabulary logits or a token mask outside the kernels.
+
+**Optimizer and training stability**
+
+- **Adam-family optimizer mode** — Active variant: **AdamW**.
+  **AdEMAMix** ([arXiv:2409.03137](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.03137)) contributes the optional
+  beta3 slow-memory branch when `ADEMAMIX=True`. **DeltaMomentum**
+  ([arXiv:2608.19491](https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.19491)) optionally replaces only the fast beta1
+  first-moment update on hidden Linear weights when `DELTA=True`; beta2 remains Adam's
+  ordinary squared-gradient EMA in every mode.
+- **BF16 stochastic rounding** ([arXiv:2502.20566](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.20566)) —
+  Optional master-free BF16 model update with stochastic rather than nearest rounding; the same
+  write-back path is shared by AdamW, DeltaAdamW, AdEMAMix, and DeltaAdEMAMix.
+- **Cautious Weight Decay** ([arXiv:2510.12402](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12402)) —
+  Sign-selective weight decay variant used by the custom optimizer logic.
+- **Correction of Decoupled Weight Decay** ([arXiv:2512.08217](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08217)) —
+  Adapts decoupled weight decay during learning-rate decay.
+- **AdamHD** ([arXiv:2511.14721](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14721)) —
+  Decoupled Huber decay regularization reference used by the optimizer.
+- **GradientStabilizer** ([arXiv:2502.17055](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.17055)) —
+  Active; repository per-parameter tensor norms; bias correction=True; no stabilizer warmup; EMA state stored in optimizer checkpoints.
+---
 
-### Training hyperparameters
+## Training
 
-The following hyperparameters were used during training:
-- learning_rate: 0.001
-- train_batch_size: 64
-- eval_batch_size: 64
-- seed: 42
-- optimizer: Use OptimizerNames.ADAMW_TORCH_FUSED with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08 and optimizer_args=No additional optimizer arguments
-- lr_scheduler_type: linear
-- num_epochs: 1
+| Setting | Value |
+|---|---|
+| Dataset | FineWeb-Edu (sample-10BT) |
+| Tokens seen | ~0.51B (15,625 steps × batch 64 × length 512) |
+| Precision | BF16 model state (bfloat16: 84,565,816 elements, float32: 2,112 elements) + optimizer policy unavailable |
+| Optimizer | AdamW |
+| Gradient transform | Active; repository per-parameter tensor norms; bias correction=True; no stabilizer warmup; EMA state stored in optimizer checkpoints |
+| Learning rate | 1e-03 with 4,000-step linear warmup |
+| Weight decay | coefficients [0.005, 0.01, 0.1]; WD 5/5 groups; CWD 2; Huber 0; Correction 0 |
+| Training time | ~1h 11m |
+| Hardware | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 |
 
-### Training results
+### Training curve
 
-| Training Loss | Epoch | Step  | Validation Loss | Loss   | Ce Unweighted | Reweighting Delta | Model Loss | Mask Embedding Rms | Mask Embedding Max Abs | Stabilizer Target Global Norm | Stabilizer Mean Tensor Scale | Stabilizer Min Tensor Scale | Stabilizer Max Tensor Scale | Stabilizer Active Parameter Tensors | Stabilizer Skipped Parameter Tensors |
-|:-------------:|:-----:|:-----:|:---------------:|:------:|:-------------:|:-----------------:|:----------:|:------------------:|:----------------------:|:-----------------------------:|:----------------------------:|:---------------------------:|:---------------------------:|:-----------------------------------:|:------------------------------------:|
-| 5.7803        | 0.32  | 5000  | 5.3890          | 0.5638 | 4.1975        | 0.5496            | 5.3116     | 0.0483             | 0.5820                 | 18.6946                       | 495.0521                     | 2.4380                      | 3248.0                      | 366.0                               | 0.0                                  |
-| 5.5108        | 0.64  | 10000 | 5.1084          | 0.5126 | 3.8947        | 0.6121            | 5.0197     | 0.0525             | 0.7188                 | 18.9658                       | 369.8585                     | 2.5312                      | 1800.0                      | 366.0                               | 0.0                                  |
-| 5.3037        | 0.96  | 15000 | 4.8615          | 0.4918 | 3.6319        | 0.6389            | 4.7627     | 0.0444             | 0.6016                 | 18.7181                       | 330.5682                     | 1.5781                      | 1600.0                      | 366.0                               | 0.0                                  |
-| 5.2719        | 1.0   | 15625 | 4.8333          | 0.4902 | 3.5923        | 0.6512            | 4.7338     | 0.0432             | 0.5781                 | 18.9319                       | 330.9539                     | 1.3281                      | 1536.0                      | 366.0                               | 0.0                                  |
+| Step | Train Loss | Val Loss |
+|---|---|---|
+| 5,000 | 5.780 | 5.389 |
+| 10,000 | 5.511 | 5.108 |
+| 15,000 | 5.304 | 4.861 |
+| 15,625 | — | 4.833 |
 
+---
+
+## Limitations
+
+- **Token budget** — ~1.5 B tokens seen; below estimated optimum. Knowledge-intensive tasks
+  will improve with more training.
+- **Gradient spike at step 40k** — Reorganized the attention pattern in layer 9 that
+  previously captured long-range token correlations. A checkpoint from ~step 38k is expected
+  to have better aggregate benchmark scores.
+- **PolyNorm exclusivity** — The quadratic branch has become partially redundant with the
+  linear branch. Will be corrected in the next training run.
+- **Base model only** — Not instruction-tuned or aligned; purely a next-token-prediction
+  base model.
+
+---
+
+## References
+
+All papers whose techniques are integrated into NeoLLM's architecture,
+training objective, or training stack:
+
+| Area | Technique | Paper title | Reference |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Embeddings | Learnable Multipliers | Freeing the Scale of Language Model Matrix Layers | [arXiv:2601.04890](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04890) |
+| Embeddings | Leviathan | A Separable Architecture for Continuous Token Representation in Language Models | [arXiv:2601.22040](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22040) |
+| Embeddings | KHRONOS | KHRONOS: a Kernel-Based Neural Architecture for Rapid, Resource-Efficient Scientific Computation | [arXiv:2505.13315](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13315) |
+| Embeddings | Spelling Bee | Spelling Bee Embeddings for Language Modeling | [arXiv:2601.18030](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18030) |
+| Embeddings | Token embedding analysis | Token Embeddings Violate the Manifold Hypothesis | [arXiv:2504.01002](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01002) |
+| Attention / positions | FAN | Fourier Analysis Networks | [arXiv:2502.21309](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.21309) |
+| Attention / positions | MEA | Explicit Multi-head Attention for Inter-head Interaction in Large Language Models | [arXiv:2601.19611](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19611) |
+| Attention / positions | LUCID | Attention with Preconditioned Representations | [arXiv:2602.10410](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10410) |
+| Attention / positions | Affine-Scaled Attention | Affine-Scaled Attention: Towards Flexible and Stable Transformer Attention | [arXiv:2602.23057](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23057) |
+| Attention / positions | XSA | Exclusive Self Attention | [arXiv:2603.09078](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09078) |
+| Attention / positions | Directional Routing | Directional Routing in Transformers | [arXiv:2603.14923](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14923) |
+| Attention / positions | Gated Attention | Gated Attention for Large Language Models: Non-linearity, Sparsity, and Attention-Sink-Free | [arXiv:2505.06708](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06708) |
+| Attention / positions | Momentum Attention | Momentum Attention | [arXiv:2411.03884](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.03884) |
+| Attention / positions | IHA | Interleaved Head Attention | [arXiv:2602.21371](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.21371) |
+| Attention / positions | REPO | Language Models with Context Re-Positioning | [arXiv:2512.14391](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14391) |
+| Attention / positions | GRAPE | Group Representational Position Encoding | [arXiv:2512.07805](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07805) |
+| Attention / positions | GOAT priors | You Need Better Attention Priors | [arXiv:2601.15380](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15380) |
+| Attention / positions | Hadamard o_proj | Rethinking Attention Output Projection: Structured Hadamard Transforms for Efficient Transformers | [arXiv:2603.08343](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08343) |
+| Residual / normalization | SeeDNorm | Self-Rescaled Dynamic Normalization | [arXiv:2510.22777](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22777) |
+| Residual / normalization | LNS | The Curse of Depth in LLMs | [arXiv:2502.05795](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05795) |
+| Residual / normalization | GPAS | Gradient-Preserving Activation Scaling | [arXiv:2506.22049](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22049) |
+| Residual / normalization | PolyNorm | PolyNorm / PolyCom | [arXiv:2602.04902](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04902) |
+| Residual / normalization | SimpleGPT | SimpleGPT | [arXiv:2602.01212](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01212) |
+| Residual / normalization | StackMemory / STACKTRANS | Recursive Transformer: Boosting Reasoning Ability with State Stack | [NeurIPS 2025](https://openreview.net/forum?id=2bbDg587uh) |
+| Residual / normalization | Attention Residuals | Attention Residuals | [arXiv:2603.15031](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15031) |
+| Residual / normalization | LAUREL | LAUREL: Learned Augmented Residual Layer | [arXiv:2411.07501](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07501) |
+| Objectives | TWEO | Transformers Without Extreme Outliers Enables FP8 Training And Quantization For Dummies | [arXiv:2511.23225](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.23225) |
+| Objectives | NITP | Next Implicit Token Prediction for LLM Pre-training | [arXiv:2605.24956](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24956) |
+| Objectives | NextLat | Next-Latent Prediction Transformers Learn Compact World Models | [arXiv:2511.05963](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05963) |
+| Optimizer / training | AdEMAMix | The AdEMAMix Optimizer: Better, Faster, Older | [arXiv:2409.03137](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.03137) |
+| Optimizer / training | DeltaMomentum | DeltaMomentum: A Key-Value based Anisotropic Momentum Update via Delta Rule | [arXiv:2608.19491](https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.19491) |
+| Optimizer / training | BF16 + SR | Stochastic Rounding for LLM Training: Theory and Practice | [arXiv:2502.20566](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.20566) |
+| Optimizer / training | CWD | Cautious Weight Decay | [arXiv:2510.12402](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12402) |
+| Optimizer / training | WD correction | Correction of Decoupled Weight Decay | [arXiv:2512.08217](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08217) |
+| Optimizer / training | AdamHD | AdamHD: Decoupled Huber Decay Regularization for Language Model Pre-Training | [arXiv:2511.14721](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14721) |
+| Optimizer / training | GradientStabilizer | GradientStabilizer | [arXiv:2502.17055](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.17055) |
+
+---
+
+## Citation
+
+```bibtex
+@misc{neollm2026,
+  title  = {NeoLLM: A Research Language Model Integrating Recent Attention and Normalization Techniques},
+  author = {KitsuVp},
+  year   = {2026},
+  url    = {https://huggingface.co/KitsuVp/NeoLLM}
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Author
+
+[@Kyokopom](https://x.com/Kyokopom) on X
+
+---
 
-### Framework versions
+## License
 
-- Transformers 5.16.1
-- Pytorch 2.14.0+cu132
-- Datasets 5.0.1
-- Tokenizers 0.23.2
+Apache 2.0