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  2. config.json +4 -0
  3. model.safetensors +2 -2
  4. training_args.bin +1 -1
README.md CHANGED
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  ---
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- language: en
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- license: apache-2.0
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  tags:
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- - causal-lm
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- - research
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- - fp8
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- - attention
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- - normalization
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- - neollm
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- datasets:
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- - HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
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  ---
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- # NeoLLM
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-
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- NeoLLM is a **135 M parameter** decoder-only language model trained from scratch on
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- [FineWeb-Edu](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu) in **FP8**
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- precision, completing training in approximately **6 hours** on a single NVIDIA RTX 5090.
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- It integrates a collection of recently published attention and normalization techniques
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- into a single architecture, with the goal of studying how they interact during
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- pretraining. The model is actively being developed and the current checkpoint represents
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- an intermediate training state.
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- > **Author / contact:** [@Kyokopom](https://x.com/Kyokopom) on X
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- > **Repository:** [KitsuVp/NeoLLM](https://huggingface.co/KitsuVp/NeoLLM)
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-
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- ---
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-
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- ## Architecture
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-
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- NeoLLM is a decoder-only transformer with the following configuration:
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-
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- | Parameter | Value |
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- |---|---|
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- | Hidden size | 512 |
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- | Layers | 12 |
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- | Attention heads | 8 |
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- | KV heads (GQA) | 2 |
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- | Head dim | 64 |
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- | Intermediate size | 1536 |
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- | Vocabulary | Qwen3 tokenizer (151,665 tokens) |
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- | Context length | 512 tokens |
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-
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- ### Parameter breakdown
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-
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- | Parameter bucket | Count |
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- |---|---|
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- | **Total parameters** | 132.62M (132,620,232) |
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- | **Embedding parameters** (tied) | 77.65M (77,652,480) |
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- | **Non-embedding parameters** | 54.97M (54,967,752) |
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- | **Effective trainable parameters** | 132.62M (132,620,232) |
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-
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- > Weight tying is **enabled**: the input embedding matrix and the language-model head
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- > share the same parameters, so the effective trainable budget is
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- > `total − embed = 54.97M`.
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-
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- ### Integrated techniques
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-
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- Each layer combines the following mechanisms simultaneously.
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-
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- **Normalization and residual stream**
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-
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- - **SeeDNorm** ([arXiv:2510.22777](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22777)) — Applied to Q and K
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- projections. Dynamically rescales the normalization based on the input's own statistics,
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- making the attention geometry more stable across varying input distributions.
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- - **PolyNorm** ([arXiv:2602.04902](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04902)) — Replaces the standard
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- MLP activation with three branches: linear (x), quadratic (x²), and cubic (x³) — each
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- normalized and combined with learned weights. This allows the MLP to express both linear
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- and non-linear relationships simultaneously.
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- - **GPAS** ([arXiv:2506.22049](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22049)) — Gradient-Preserving
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- Activation Scaling. Applied to residual connections between sublayers; helps gradients
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- flow more cleanly during training without distorting the residual stream.
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- - **LayerNorm Scaling / LNS** ([arXiv:2502.05795](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05795)) — Each
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- layer's output is scaled by 1/√ℓ where ℓ is the layer index. Directly addresses the
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- "Curse of Depth" in Pre-LN transformers.
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-
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- **Attention mechanisms**
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-
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- - **FAN** ([arXiv:2502.21309](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.21309)) — Fourier Analysis Networks.
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- A portion of the input projection channels are dedicated to representing periodic patterns
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- (cosine/sine pairs), while the remainder handle standard linear content.
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- - **MEA** ([arXiv:2601.19611](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19611)) — Explicit Multi-head
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- Attention. Adds small learnable interaction matrices between attention heads for K and V.
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- - **LUCID** ([arXiv:2602.10410](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10410)) — Applies a learned
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- lower-triangular preconditioner to V before attention, decorrelating value representations
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- across positions.
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- - **Affine-Scaled Attention** ([arXiv:2602.23057](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23057)) — Adds
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- two learnable per-head scalars (α and β) to the softmax weights:
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- `[α·softmax(QKᵀ) + β]·V`.
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- - **XSA** ([arXiv:2603.09078](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09078)) — Exclusive Self Attention.
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- After computing attention, removes the component of the output aligned with the token's
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- own value vector.
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- - **Directional Routing** ([arXiv:2603.14923](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14923)) — Each head
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- learns K=4 directions in the output space; a learned router suppresses the attention output
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- along each direction per input.
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- - **Gated Attention** ([arXiv:2505.06708](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06708)) — A sigmoid gate
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- is applied to the attention output before the output projection, introducing non-linearity
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- and preventing attention sinks.
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- - **Momentum Attention** ([arXiv:2411.03884](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.03884)) — Modifies Q
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- and K by subtracting a fraction of the previous position's Q and K values (causal
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- first-difference).
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-
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- **MLP**
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-
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- - **Learnable Multipliers** ([arXiv:2601.04890](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04890)) — Adds
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- per-row and per-column learnable scalar parameters to each linear layer.
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- - **SimpleGPT** ([arXiv:2602.01212](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01212)) — A normalization
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- strategy derived from second-order geometry analysis, applied inside MLP projections to
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- improve optimization stability.
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-
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- ---
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- ## Training
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-
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- | Setting | Value |
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- |---|---|
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- | Dataset | FineWeb-Edu (sample-10BT) |
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- | Tokens seen | ~1.54B (46,875 steps × batch 64 × length 512) |
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- | Precision | FP8 native (E4M3 weights/activations, E5M2 gradients) + BF16 fallback |
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- | Optimizer | Conda (Column-Normalized Adam) + GPA |
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- | Learning rate | 6e-04 with linear warmup (10 % of steps) |
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- | Weight decay | 0.1 |
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- | Training time | ~5h 20m |
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- | Hardware | NVIDIA RTX 5090 (single GPU) |
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-
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- ### Training curve
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-
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- | Step | Train Loss | Val Loss |
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- |---|---|---|
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- | 5,000 | 3.948 | 3.849 |
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- | 10,000 | 3.633 | 3.521 |
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- | 15,000 | 3.429 | 3.298 |
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- | 20,000 | 3.283 | 3.139 |
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- | 25,000 | 3.180 | 3.025 |
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- | 30,000 | 3.106 | 2.943 |
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- | 35,000 | 3.051 | 2.881 |
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- | 40,000 | 2.965 | 2.801 |
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- | 45,000 | 2.910 | 2.748 |
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- | 46,875 | — | 2.726 |
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- ---
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- ## Limitations
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- - **Token budget** ~1.5 B tokens seen; below estimated optimum. Knowledge-intensive tasks
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- will improve with more training.
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- - **Gradient spike at step 40k** — Reorganized the attention pattern in layer 9 that
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- previously captured long-range token correlations. A checkpoint from ~step 38k is expected
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- to have better aggregate benchmark scores.
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- - **PolyNorm exclusivity** — The quadratic branch has become partially redundant with the
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- linear branch. Will be corrected in the next training run.
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- - **Base model only** — Not instruction-tuned or aligned; purely a next-token-prediction
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- base model.
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- ---
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- ## References
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-
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- All papers whose techniques are integrated into NeoLLM's architecture:
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-
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- | Technique | Paper title | arXiv |
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- |---|---|---|
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- | SeeDNorm | Self-Rescaled Dynamic Normalization | [2510.22777](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22777) |
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- | MEA | Explicit Multi-head Attention | [2601.19611](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19611) |
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- | Learnable Multipliers | Freeing the Scale of Language Model Matrix Layers | [2601.04890](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04890) |
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- | Directional Routing | Directional Routing in Transformers | [2603.14923](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14923) |
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- | XSA | Exclusive Self Attention | [2603.09078](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09078) |
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- | Gated Attention | Gated Attention for LLMs | [2505.06708](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06708) |
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- | Affine-Scaled Attention | Affine-Scaled Attention | [2602.23057](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23057) |
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- | LNS | The Curse of Depth in LLMs | [2502.05795](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05795) |
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- | LUCID | Attention with Preconditioned Representations | [2602.10410](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10410) |
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- | FAN | Fourier Analysis Networks | [2502.21309](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.21309) |
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- | SimpleGPT | SimpleGPT | [2602.01212](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01212) |
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- | GPAS | Gradient-Preserving Activation Scaling | [2506.22049](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22049) |
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- | PolyNorm | PolyNorm / PolyCom | [2602.04902](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04902) |
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- | Momentum Attention | Momentum Attention | [2411.03884](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.03884) |
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- | TWEO (analysis ref.) | Transformers Without Extreme Outliers | [2511.23225](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.23225) |
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- ---
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- ## Citation
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- ```bibtex
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- @misc{neollm2026,
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- title = {NeoLLM: A Research Language Model Integrating Recent Attention and Normalization Techniques},
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- author = {KitsuVp},
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- year = {2026},
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- url = {https://huggingface.co/KitsuVp/NeoLLM}
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- }
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- ```
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- ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- ## Author
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- [@Kyokopom](https://x.com/Kyokopom) on X
 
 
 
 
 
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- ---
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- ## License
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- Apache 2.0
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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+ library_name: transformers
 
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  tags:
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+ - generated_from_trainer
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+ model-index:
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+ - name: NeoLLM
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+ results: []
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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+ <!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
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+ should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ # NeoLLM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ This model is a fine-tuned version of [](https://huggingface.co/) on an unknown dataset.
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+ It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
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+ - Loss: 3.4977
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ## Model description
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+ More information needed
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+ ## Intended uses & limitations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ More information needed
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+ ## Training and evaluation data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ More information needed
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+ ## Training procedure
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+ ### Training hyperparameters
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ The following hyperparameters were used during training:
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+ - learning_rate: 0.0006
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+ - train_batch_size: 64
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+ - eval_batch_size: 64
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+ - seed: 42
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+ - optimizer: Use OptimizerNames.ADAMW_TORCH_FUSED with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08 and optimizer_args=No additional optimizer arguments
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+ - lr_scheduler_type: linear
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+ - lr_scheduler_warmup_steps: 0.1
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+ - num_epochs: 1
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+ ### Training results
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+ | Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss |
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+ |:-------------:|:-----:|:-----:|:---------------:|
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+ | 4.2004 | 0.32 | 5000 | 4.1378 |
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+ | 3.7967 | 0.64 | 10000 | 3.7336 |
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+ | 3.5958 | 0.96 | 15000 | 3.5111 |
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+ | 3.5799 | 1.0 | 15625 | 3.4977 |
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+ ### Framework versions
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+ - Transformers 5.5.0
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+ - Pytorch 2.11.0+cu130
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+ - Datasets 4.8.4
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+ - Tokenizers 0.22.2
config.json CHANGED
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  "lucid_attention_eps": 1e-06,
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  "max_position_embeddings": 512,
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  "mea_component_key_value_heads": 2,
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