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  library_name: transformers
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- tags: []
 
 
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- # Model Card for Model ID
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  <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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  ## Model Details
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  ### Model Description
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  <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
 
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- This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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  ### Model Sources [optional]
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  <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
 
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  ## Uses
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  ### Direct Use
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ### Out-of-Scope Use
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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- ### Recommendations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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- Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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  ## How to Get Started with the Model
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  Use the code below to get started with the model.
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  ## Training Details
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  ### Training Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- ### Training Procedure
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Training Hyperparameters
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- - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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- ## Evaluation
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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- ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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- #### Testing Data
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- #### Factors
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- #### Metrics
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- ### Results
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- #### Summary
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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- ## Environmental Impact
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- ### Compute Infrastructure
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- #### Hardware
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- #### Software
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  ## Citation [optional]
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  **APA:**
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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- ## Model Card Contact
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  [More Information Needed]
 
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  library_name: transformers
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+ license: mit
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+ base_model:
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+ - KuanP/PULSAR-pbmc
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+ # Model Card for PULSAR-pbmc
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  <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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+ **PULSAR** (Patient Understanding Leveraging Single-cell universAl Representation) is a multi-scale, multi-cellular foundation model for human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It transforms a set of single-cell transcriptomes into an interpretable **donor-level embedding** that preserves single-cell resolution while capturing multicellular composition and coordination.
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+ This repo hosts the **aligned PBMC model** (`PULSAR-aligned`) used to produce donor embeddings aligned for disease classification. A base-model is also available (see **Model Sources**).
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  ## Model Details
 
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  ### Model Description
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+ PULSAR (Patient Understanding Leveraging Single-cell universAl Representation) is a hierarchical, multi-scale foundation model for PBMC scRNA-seq that converts unordered sets of single cells into a 512-d donor embedding while preserving single-cell resolution. It integrates molecular priors from ESM2 protein embeddings, cellular representations via Universal Cell Embeddings (UCE, 1,280-d), and a Multicellular Transformer encoder–decoder trained with a high-masking, Masked Cell Modeling objective. Pretraining proceeds in two stages: a pan-tissue CELLxGENE corpus (≈36.2M cells; 6,807 samples) followed by continual pretraining on blood (≈8.74M cells; 2,588 samples). The resulting donor embeddings support zero-shot and lightweight-head downstream tasks, including large-scale reference mapping for disease classification (state-of-the-art accuracy with strong external generalization), regression of plasma proteomics from transcriptomes, forecasting of future outcomes (e.g., RA conversion in ACPA+ individuals and influenza vaccine responsiveness), and individualized cytokine perturbation modeling across donor, cellular, and gene levels. A “virtual instrument” conditions on cytokine protein embeddings to transform baseline donor states and, with the decoder and an optional UCE→expression head, generates perturbed cell distributions and gene programs. Attention over cells provides mechanistic interpretability, highlighting disease- and severity-relevant subsets and enriching for antigen-specific clonotypes in viral infection. PULSAR thus operationalizes the AI Virtual Cell vision by linking molecular, cellular, and multicellular organization into a unified, transferable representation for precision immunology.
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+ - **Developed by:** Kuan Pang (Stanford University, kuanpang@stanford.edu)
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+ - **Model type:** Transformer
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+ - **License:** MIT
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ### Model Sources [optional]
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+ - **Repository:**: https://github.com/snap-stanford/PULSAR
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+ - **Paper:** [TBD]
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+ - **Demo:** [TBD]
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+ - **Aligned version:** https://huggingface.co/KuanP/PULSAR-pbmc
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  ## Uses
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  ### Direct Use
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+ - Generate 512-d **donor embeddings** from PBMC scRNA-seq to:
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+ - Perform **reference mapping/retrieval** (kNN) for disease phenotypes
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  ### Out-of-Scope Use
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+ The model might not work for tissue types other than PBMC, which also includes cell sorting samples.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## How to Get Started with the Model
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  Use the code below to get started with the model.
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  ## Training Details
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  ### Training Data
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+ Stage-1 pretraining corpus: CZ CELLxGENE Census (LTS 2023-07-25), 36.2M cells, 6,807 samples across 53 tissues and 69 conditions.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ Stage-2 continual pretraining (blood focus): 8.736M cells, 2,588 blood/PBMC samples (balanced sexes; broad ages).
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+ More details can be found in the Paper and GitHub.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Citation [optional]
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  **APA:**
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  [More Information Needed]