diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes index f0a0b88dc931d2f2a6c383381c847ce28cbce2f5..e00c63ff7c15eccce605c9ab453d24bab8f1719d 100644 --- a/.gitattributes +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -63,3 +63,4 @@ corpora/timit/dr5-mbgt0/si711.wav filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text corpora/framenet_v17/docs/book.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text corpora/framenet_v17/docs/GeneralReleaseNotes1.7.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text corpora/framenet_v17/miscXML/lemma_to_wordformR1.7.xml filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +corpora/wordnet2022/data.noun filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a10.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a10.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e0b963d4d23cac825ce401862eccab11af1b3db --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +Sample A10 from The Oregonian, [Portland] October 24, 1961, p.8 "DA Selects..." +"Political Aid" +"School Board Requested" +"War Mothers Plan..." +"Board Views School" + November 29, 1961, p. 12 "Labor Chief..." +"11 Enter race" +"Delegates Vow..." + October 24, 1961, p.8 "Judge In Fraud Trial" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,008 words 383 (19.1%) quotes 3 symbolsA10

Used by permission of The Oregonian

 The Oregonian, [Portland]

Typographical Errors: ritiuality [0190]Diety [1330]conpired [1890]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Vincent G. Ierulli has been appointed temporary assistant district attorney , it was announced Monday by Charles E. Raymond , District Attorney . +

+

Ierulli will replace Desmond D. Connall who has been called to active military service but is expected back on the job by March 31 . +

+

Ierulli , 29 , has been practicing in Portland since November , 1959 . +He is a graduate of Portland University and the Northwestern College of Law . +He is married and the father of three children . +

+

Helping foreign countries to build a sound political structure is more important than aiding them economically , E. M. Martin , assistant secretary of state for economic affairs told members of the World Affairs Council Monday night . +

+

Martin , who has been in office in Washington , D. C. , for 13 months spoke at the council's annual meeting at the Multnomah Hotel . +He told some 350 persons that the United States' challenge was to help countries build their own societies their own ways , following their own paths . +

+

`` We must persuade them to enjoy a way of life which , if not identical , is congenial with ours '' , he said but adding that if they do not develop the kind of society they themselves want it will lack ritiuality and loyalty . +

+

Patience needed +Insuring that the countries have a freedom of choice , he said , was the biggest detriment to the Soviet Union . +

+

He cited East Germany where after 15 years of Soviet rule it has become necessary to build a wall to keep the people in , and added , `` so long as people rebel , we must not give up '' . +

+

Martin called for patience on the part of Americans . +

+

`` The countries are trying to build in a decade the kind of society we took a century to build '' , he said . +

+

By leaving our doors open the United States gives other peoples the opportunity to see us and to compare , he said . +

+

Individual help best +`` We have no reason to fear failure , but we must be extraordinarily patient '' , the assistant secretary said . +

+

Economically , Martin said , the United States could best help foreign countries by helping them help themselves . +Private business is more effective than government aid , he explained , because individuals are able to work with the people themselves . +

+

The United States must plan to absorb the exported goods of the country , at what he termed a `` social cost '' . +

+

Martin said the government has been working to establish firmer prices on primary products which may involve the total income of one country . +

+

The Portland school board was asked Monday to take a positive stand towards developing and coordinating with Portland's civil defense more plans for the city's schools in event of attack . +

+

But there seemed to be some difference of opinion as to how far the board should go , and whose advice it should follow . +

+

The board members , after hearing the coordination plea from Mrs. Ralph H. Molvar , 1409 SW Maplecrest Dr. , said they thought they had already been cooperating . +

+

Chairman C. Richard Mears pointed out that perhaps this was not strictly a school board problem , in case of atomic attack , but that the board would cooperate so far as possible to get the children to where the parents wanted them to go . +

+

Dr. Melvin W. Barnes , superintendent , said he thought the schools were waiting for some leadership , perhaps on the national level , to make sure that whatever steps of planning they took would `` be more fruitful '' , and that he had found that other school districts were not as far along in their planning as this district . +

+

`` Los Angeles has said they would send the children to their homes in case of disaster '' , he said . +`` Nobody really expects to evacuate . +I think everybody is agreed that we need to hear some voice on the national level that would make some sense and in which we would have some confidence in following . +

+

Mrs. Molvar , who kept reiterating her request that they `` please take a stand '' , said , `` We must have faith in somebody -- on the local level , and it wouldn't be possible for everyone to rush to a school to get their children '' . +

+

Dr. Barnes said that there seemed to be feeling that evacuation plans , even for a high school where there were lots of cars `` might not be realistic and would not work '' . +

+

Mrs. Molvar asked again that the board join in taking a stand in keeping with Jack Lowe's program . +The board said it thought it had gone as far as instructed so far and asked for more information to be brought at the next meeting . +

+

It was generally agreed that the subject was important and the board should be informed on what was done , is going to be done and what it thought should be done . +Salem ( AP ) +-- The statewide meeting of war mothers Tuesday in Salem will hear a greeting from Gov. Mark Hatfield . +

+

Hatfield also is scheduled to hold a public United Nations Day reception in the state capitol on Tuesday . +

+

His schedule calls for a noon speech Monday in Eugene at the Emerald Empire Kiwanis Club . +

+

He will speak to Willamette University Young Republicans Thursday night in Salem . +

+

On Friday he will go to Portland for the swearing in of Dean Bryson as Multnomah County Circuit Judge . +

+

He will attend a meeting of the Republican State Central Committee Saturday in Portland and see the Washington-Oregon football game . +

+

Beaverton School District No. 48 board members examined blueprints and specifications for two proposed junior high schools at a Monday night workshop session . +

+

A bond issue which would have provided some $3.5 million for construction of the two 900-student schools was defeated by district voters in January . +

+

Last week the board , by a 4 to 3 vote , decided to ask voters whether they prefer the 6-3-3 ( junior high school ) system or the 8-4 system . +Board members indicated Monday night this would be done by an advisory poll to be taken on Nov. 15 , the same date as a $581,000 bond election for the construction of three new elementary schools . +

+

Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg will speak Sunday night at the Masonic Temple at a $25-a-plate dinner honoring Sen. Wayne L. Morse , Aj . +

+

The dinner is sponsored by organized labor and is scheduled for 7 p.m. . +

+

Secretary Goldberg and Sen. Morse will hold a joint press conference at the Roosevelt Hotel at 4:30 p.m. Sunday , Blaine Whipple , executive secretary of the Democratic Party of Oregon , reported Tuesday . +

+

Other speakers for the fund-raising dinner include Reps. Edith Green and Al Ullman , Labor Commissioner Norman Nilsen and Mayor Terry Schrunk , all Democrats . +Oak Grove ( special ) +-- Three positions on the Oak Lodge Water district board of directors have attracted 11 candidates . +The election will be Dec. 4 from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. . +Polls will be in the water office . +

+

Incumbent Richard Salter seeks re-election and is opposed by Donald Huffman for the five-year term . +Incumbent William Brod is opposed in his re-election bid by Barbara Njust , Miles C. Bubenik and Frank Lee . +

+

Five candidates seek the place vacated by Secretary Hugh G. Stout . +Seeking this two-year term are James Culbertson , Dwight M. Steeves , James C. Piersee , W.M. Sexton and Theodore W. Heitschmidt . +

+

A stronger stand on their beliefs and a firmer grasp on their future were taken Friday by delegates to the 29th general council of the Assemblies of God , in session at the Memorial Coliseum . +

+

The council revised , in an effort to strengthen , the denomination's 16 basic beliefs adopted in 1966 . +

+

The changes , unanimously adopted , were felt necessary in the face of modern trends away from the Bible . +The council agreed it should more firmly state its belief in and dependence on the Bible . +

+

At the adoption , the Rev. T. F. Zimmerman , general superintendent , commented , `` The Assemblies of God has been a bulwark for fundamentalism in these modern days and has , without compromise , stood for the great truths of the Bible for which men in the past have been willing to give their lives '' . +

+

New point added +Many changes involved minor editing and clarification ; ; +however , the first belief stood for entire revision with a new third point added to the list . +

+

The first of 16 beliefs of the denomination , now reads : +

+

`` The scriptures , both Old and New Testament , are verbally inspired of God and are the revelation of God to man , the infallible , authoritative rule of faith and conduct '' . +

+

The third belief , in six points , emphasizes the Diety of the Lord Jesus Christ , and : +

+

-- emphasizes the Virgin birth +

+

-- the sinless life of Christ +

+

-- His miracles +

+

-- His substitutionary work on the cross +

+

-- His bodily resurrection from the dead +

+

-- and His exaltation to the right hand of God . +

+

Super again elected +Friday afternoon the Rev. T. F. Zimmerman was reelected for his second consecutive two-year term as general superintendent of Assemblies of God . +His offices are in Springfield , Mo. . +Election came on the nominating ballot . +

+

Friday night the delegates heard the need for their forthcoming program , `` Breakthrough '' scheduled to fill the churches for the next two years . +In his opening address Wednesday the Rev. Mr. Zimmerman , urged the delegates to consider a 10-year expansion program , with `` Breakthrough '' the theme for the first two years . +

+

The Rev. R. L. Brandt , national secretary of the home missions department , stressed the need for the first two years' work . +

+

`` Surveys show that one out of three Americans has vital contact with the church . +This means that more than 100 million have no vital touch with the church or religious life '' , he told delegates Friday . +

+

Church loses pace +Talking of the rapid population growth ( upwards of 12,000 babies born daily ) with an immigrant entering the United States every 1-1/2 minutes , he said `` our organization has not been keeping pace with this challenge '' . +

+

`` In 35 years we have opened 7,000 churches '' , the Rev. Mr. Brandt said , adding that the denomination had a national goal of one church for every 10,000 persons . +

+

`` In this light we need 1,000 churches in Illinois , where we have 200 ; ; +800 in Southern New England , we have 60 ; ; +we need 100 in Rhode Island , we have none '' , he said . +

+

To step up the denomination's program , the Rev. Mr. Brandt suggested the vision of 8,000 new Assemblies of God churches in the next 10 years . +

+

To accomplish this would necessitate some changes in methods , he said . +

+

' church meets change ' +`` The church's ability to change her methods is going to determine her ability to meet the challenge of this hour '' . +

+

A capsule view of proposed plans includes : +

+

-- Encouraging by every means , all existing Assemblies of God churches to start new churches . +

+

-- Engaging mature , experienced men to pioneer or open new churches in strategic population centers . +

+

-- Surrounding pioneer pastors with vocational volunteers ( laymen , who will be urged to move into the area of new churches in the interest of lending their support to the new project ) . +

+

-- Arranging for ministerial graduates to spend from 6-12 months as apprentices in well-established churches . +

+

U.S. Dist. Judge Charles L. Powell denied all motions made by defense attorneys Monday in Portland's insurance fraud trial . +

+

Denials were of motions of dismissal , continuance , mistrial , separate trial , acquittal , striking of testimony and directed verdict . +

+

In denying motions for dismissal , Judge Powell stated that mass trials have been upheld as proper in other courts and that `` a person may join a conspiracy without knowing who all of the conspirators are '' . +

+

Attorney Dwight L. Schwab , in behalf of defendant Philip Weinstein , argued there is no evidence linking Weinstein to the conspiracy , but Judge Powell declared this is a matter for the jury to decide . +

+

Proof lack charged +Schwab also declared there is no proof of Weinstein's entering a conspiracy to use the U.S. mails to defraud , to which federal prosecutor A. Lawrence Burbank replied : +

+

`` It is not necessary that a defendant actually have conpired to use the U.S. mails to defraud as long as there is evidence of a conspiracy , and the mails were then used to carry it out '' . +

+

In the afternoon , defense attorneys began the presentation of their cases with opening statements , some of which had been deferred until after the government had called witnesses and presented its case . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a26.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a26.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a523c5e2ea7a151ebadc39298fe5d1ceb8c517b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a26.xml @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +Sample A26 from The Dallas Morning News, April 9, 1961, sec. 4, p.1 "Morton Foods; Chip Stock" by Al Altwegg +"Dallas Is World Center" by Tom Milligan +"Dallas Auto Sales Gain" by Rudy Rochelle +"Sales Execs To Honor" +"FHA's Role Questioned" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,031 words 30 (1.5%) quotes 1 symbolA26

Used by permission of The Dallas Morning News

 The Dallas Morning News, April 9, 1961, sec. 4, p.1

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Probably the hottest thing that has hit the Dallas investment community in years was the Morton Foods stock issue , which was sold to the public during the past week . +

+

For many reasons , the demand to buy shares in the Dallas-headquartered company was tremendous . +It was not a case of the investment bankers having to sell the stock ; ; +it was more one of allotting a few shares to a number of customers and explaining to others why they had no more to sell . +

+

Investors who wanted 100 shares in many cases ended up with 25 , and customers who had put in a bid to buy 400 shares found themselves with 100 and counted themselves lucky to get that many . +

+

In fact , very few customers , anywhere in the nation , were able to get more than 100 shares . +Some Dallas investment firms got only 100 shares , for all of their customers . +

+

A measure of how hot the stock was , can be found in what happened to it on the market as soon as trading began . +

+

The stock was sold in the underwriting at a price of $12.50 a share . +The first over-the-counter trade Wednesday afternoon at Eppler , Guerin & Turner , the managing underwriter , was at $17 a share . +And from that the stock moved right on up until it was trading Thursday morning at around $22 a share . +

+

But the Morton Foods issue was hot long before it was on the market . +Indeed , from the moment the reports of the coming issue first started circulating in Dallas last January , the inquiries and demand for the stock started building up . +

+

Letters by the reams came in from investment firms all over the nation , all of them wanting to get a part of the shares that would be sold ( 185,000 to the public at $12.50 , with another 5,000 reserved for Morton Foods employes at $11.50 a share ) . +

+

There was even a cable in French from a bank in Switzerland that had somehow learned about the Dallas stock offering . +`` We subscribe 500 shares of Morton Foods of Texas . +Cable confirmation '' , it said translated . +But E.G.T. could not let the Swiss bank have even 10 shares . +

+

After it allotted shares to 41 underwriters and 52 selling group members from coast to coast there were not many shares for anyone . +

+

But the result of it all was , E.G.T. partner Dean Guerin believes , an effective distribution of the stock to owners all over the nation . +

+

`` I feel confident the stock will qualify for the ' national list ' '' , he said , meaning its market price would be quoted regularly in newspapers all over the country . +

+

He was also pleased with the wide distribution because he thought it proved again his argument that Dallas investment men can do just as good a job as the big New York investment bankers claim only they can do . +

+

But what made the Morton Foods stock issue such a hot one ? ? +

+

The answer is that it was a combination of circumstances . +

+

First , the general stock market has been boiling upward for the last few months , driving stocks of all kinds up . +As a result , it is not easy to find a stock priced as the Morton issue was priced ( at roughly 10 times 1960 earnings , to yield a little over 5 per cent on the 64-cent anticipated dividend ) . +

+

Second , the `` potato chip industry '' has caught the fancy of investors lately , and until Morton Foods came along there were only two potato chip stocks -- Frito and H. W. Lay -- on the market . +

+

Both of those have had dynamic run-ups in price on the market in recent months , both were selling at higher price-earnings and yield bases than Morton was coming to market at , and everyone who knew anything about it expected the Morton stock to have a fast run-up . +

+

And third , the potato chip industry has taken on the flavor of a `` growth '' industry in the public mind of late . +Foods , which long had been considered `` recession resistant '' but hardly dynamic stocks , have been acting like growth stocks , going to higher price-earnings ratios . +

+

The potato chip industry these days is growing , not only as a result of population increase and public acceptance of convenience foods , but also because of a combination of circumstances that has led to growth by merger . +

+

The history of the U.S. potato chip industry is that many of today's successful companies got started during the deep depression days . +Those that remain are those that were headed by strong executives , men with the abilities to last almost 30 years in the competitive survival of the fittest . +

+

But today many of those men are reaching retirement age and suddenly realizing that they face an estate tax problem with their closely held companies and also that they have no second-echelon management in their firms . +

+

So they go looking for mergers with other firms that have publicly quoted stock , and almost daily they pound on the doors of firms like Frito . +

+

All those things combined to make the Morton Foods stock the hot issue that it was and is . +

+

Now , if Morton's newest product , a corn chip known as Chip-o's , turns out to sell as well as its stock did , the stock may turn out to be worth every cent of the prices that the avid buyers bid it up to . +Dallas and North Texas is known world-wide as the manufacturing and distribution center of cotton gin machinery and supplies , valued in the millions of dollars . +

+

More than 10 companies maintain facilities in Dallas and one large manufacturer is located to the north at Sherman . +

+

It is no coincidence that the Texas Cotton Ginner's Association is meeting here this week for the 46th time in their 52-year history . +

+

The exhibition of cotton ginning machinery at the State Fair grounds is valued at more than a million dollars . +It weighs in the tons , so the proximity of factory and exhibition area makes it possible for an outstanding exhibit each year . +

+

A modern cotton gin plant costs in the neighborhood of $250,000 , and it's a safe assumption that a large percentage of new gins in the U.S. and foreign countries contain machinery made in this area . +

+

The Murray Co. of Texas , Inc. , originated in Dallas in 1896 . +They've occupied a 22-acre site since the early 1900's . +More than 700 employees make gin machinery that's sold anywhere cotton is grown . +

+

Murray makes a complete line of ginning equipment except for driers and cleaners , and this machinery is purchased from a Dallas-based firm . +

+

The Continental Gin Co. began operations in Dallas in 1899 . +The present company is a combination of several smaller ones that date back to 1834 . +

+

Headquarters is in Birmingham , Ala. . +Factories are located here and in Prattville , Ala. . +About 40 per cent of the manufacturing is done at the Dallas plant by more than 200 employes . +

+

The company sells a complete line of gin machinery all over the cotton-growing world . +

+

Hardwicke-Etter Co. of Sherman makes a full line of gin machinery and equipment . +The firm recently expanded domestic sales into the Southeastern states as a result of an agreement with Cen-Tennial Gin Co. . +They export also . +

+

The company began operation in 1900 with hardware and oil mill supplies . +In 1930 , they began making cotton processing equipment . +Presently , Hardwicke-Etter employs 300-450 people , depending on the season of the year . +

+

The Lummus Cotton Gin Co. has had a sales and service office in Dallas since 1912 . +Factory operations are in Columbus , Ga. . +The district office here employs about 65 . +

+

The Moss Gordin Lint Cleaner Co. and Gordin Unit System of Ginning have joint headquarters here . +The cleaner equipment firm began operations in 1953 and the unit system , which turns out a complete ginning system , began operations in 1959 . +

+

Gordin manufacturing operations are in Lubbock . +

+

The John E. Mitchell Co. began work in Dallas in 1928 . +The firm is prominent in making equipment for cleaning seed cotton , driers , and heaters , and they lay claim to being the first maker ( 1910 ) of boil extraction equipment . +

+

The increase in mechanical harvesting of cotton makes cleaning and drying equipment a must for modern gin operation . +

+

Mitchell employs a total of about 400 people . +They export cotton ginning machinery . +

+

The Hinckley Gin Supply Co. is a maker of `` overhead equipment '' . +This includes driers , cleaners , burr extractors , separators and piping that's located above gin stands in a complete gin . +

+

The firm began operations back in 1925 and sells equipment in the central cotton belt , including the Mississippi Delta . +

+

The Cen-Tennial Gin Supply Co. has home offices and factory facilities here . +They make gin saws and deal in parts , supplies and some used gin machinery . +

+

The Stacy Co. makes cleaning and drying equipment for sale largely in Texas . +They've been in Dallas since 1921 . +

+

Cotton Belt Gin Service , Inc. of Dallas makes gin saws and started here 14 years ago . +They distribute equipment in 11 states . +The firm also handles gin and oil mill supplies such as belting , bearings , etc. . +

+

Cotton processing equipment is a sizable segment of Dallas business economy . +New car sales in Dallas County during March showed slight signs of recovering from the doldrums which have characterized sales this year . +

+

Registrations of new cars in Dallas County cracked the 3,000 mark in March for the first time this year . +

+

Totaling 3,399 , sales jumped 14 per cent over February's 2,963 . +However , compared with March 1960 new car sales of 4,441 , this March was off 23 per cent . +

+

On a quarter-to-quarter comparison , the first quarter of 1961 total of 9,273 cars was 21 per cent behind the previous year's 3-month total of 11,744 . +

+

This year-to-year decline for Dallas County closely follows the national trend -- estimated sales of domestic cars in the U.S. for first three months of 1961 were about 1,212,000 or 80 per cent of the total in the first quarter a year earlier . +

+

With the March pickup , dealers are optimistic that the April-June quarter will equal or top last year . +The March gain plus this optimism has been encouraging enough to prompt auto makers to boost production schedules for the next quarter . +

+

On the local level , compacts continue to grab a larger share of the market at the expense of lower-priced standard models and foreign cars . +Only three standard models -- Buick , Chrysler , and Mercury -- had slight year-to-year gains in March sales in the county . +

+

The top 3 students from 11 participating Dallas County high schools will be honored by the Dallas Sales Executives Club at a banquet at 6 p.m. Tuesday in the Sam Houston Room of the Sheraton-Dallas Hotel as the club winds up its annual Distributive Education project . +

+

Now in its third year , the program is designed to provide a laboratory for those youngsters seeking careers in marketing and salesmanship . +Business firms provide 20 weeks of practical employment to supplement classroom instruction in these fields . +

+

More than 500 juniors and seniors are taking part in the program and 100 firms offer jobs on an educational rather than a need basis . +

+

Principal address will be delivered by Gerald T. Owens , national sales manager for Isodine Pharmical Corp. of New York . +

+

The 33 honored students are : Mike Trigg , Raymond Arrington , and Ronald Kaminsky of Bryan Adams , Janice Whitney , Fil Terral , and Carl David Page of W. H. Adamson ; ; +Bill Burke , Tommie Freeman , and Lawrence Paschall of N. R. Crozier Tech. Paulah Thompson , Gerald Kestner , and Nancy Stephenson of Hillcrest ; ; +Arnold Hayes , Mary Ann Shay , and Lloyd Satterfield of Thomas Jefferson ; ; +

+

William Cluck , Deloris Carrel Carty , and Edna Earl Eaton of North Dallas ; ; +Patricia Ann Neal , Johnny Carruthers , and David McLauchlin of Rylie of Seagoville ; ; +David Wolverton , Sharon Flanagan , and James Weaver of W. W. Samuels ; ; +William Austin , Gary Hammond , and Ronnie Davis of South Oak Cliff ; ; +Bill Eaton , Carolyn Milton , and Ronnie Bert Stone of Sunset ; ; +and Charles Potter , Ronnie Moore , and Robert Bailey of Woodrow Wilson . +

+

The Kennedy administration's new housing and urban renewal proposals , particularly their effect on the Federal Housing Administration , came under fire in Dallas last week . +

+

The Administration's proposals , complex and sweeping as they are , all deal with fringe areas of the housing market rather than its core , stated Caron S. Stallard , first vice-president of the Mortgage Bankers Association of America . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a28.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a28.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f0f0f3d4757ce22478d3ca193fa44ea812e4c5d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a28.xml @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +Sample A28 from The Wall Street Journal October 4, 1961, "Rural Recovery" by Richard D. James +"Tax Report" + May 11, 1961, "April Retail Sales" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,013 words 153 (7.6%) quotes Typo: affects [for effects] [0520]A28

Used by permission of The Wall Street Journal

 The Wall Street Journal

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Elburn , Ill. +-- Farm machinery dealer Bob Houtz tilts back in a battered chair and tells of a sharp pickup in sales : `` We've sold four corn pickers since Labor Day and have good prospects for 10 more . +We sold only four pickers all last year '' . +

+

Gus Ehlers , competitor of Mr. Houtz in this farm community , says his business since August 1 is running 50% above a year earlier . +`` Before then , my sales during much of the year had lagged behind 1960 by 20% '' , he says . +

+

Though the sales gains these two dealers are experiencing are above average for their business , farm equipment sales are climbing in most rural areas . +Paradoxically , the sales rise is due in large measure to Government efforts to slash farm output . +Although the Administration's program cut crop acreage to the lowest point since 1934 , farmers , with the help of extra fertilizer and good weather , are getting such high yields per acre that many are being forced to buy new harvesting machines . +Fields of corn and some other crops in many cases are so dense that older equipment cannot handle them efficiently . +The higher price supports provided by the new legislation , together with rising prices for farm products , are pushing up farm income , making it possible for farmers to afford the new machinery . +

+

Seven of the eight companies that turn out full lines of farm machinery say sales by their dealers since the start of August have shown gains averaging nearly 10% above last year . +`` In August our dealers sold 13% more farm machinery than a year earlier and in September retail sales were 14% higher than last year '' , says Mark V. Keeler , farm equipment vice president of International Harvester Co. . +For the year to date , sales of the company's farm equipment dealers still lag about 5% behind 1960 . +

+

Two of three report gains +Among individual dealers questioned in nearly a score of states , two out of three report their sales since August 1 show sizable gains from a year earlier , with the increases ranging from 5% to 50% . +Not all sections are showing an upswing , however ; ; +the drought-seared North Central states are the most notable exceptions to the uptrend . +

+

The significance of the pickup in farm machinery sales extends beyond the farm equipment industry . +The demand for farm machinery is regarded as a yardstick of rural buying generally . +Farmers spend more of their income on tractors and implements than on any other group of products . +More than 20 million people live on farms and they own a fourth of the nation's trucks , buy more gasoline than any other industry and provide a major market for home appliances , chemicals and other products . +

+

Farmers are so eager for new machinery that they're haggling less over prices than they did a year ago , dealers report . +

+

`` Farmers aren't as price conscious as last year so we can get more money on a sale '' , says Jack Martin , who sells J. I. Case tractors and implements in Sioux City , Iowa . +`` This morning , we allowed a farmer $600 on the old picker he traded in on a new $2,700 model . +Last year , we probably would have given him $700 for a comparable machine '' . +Mr. Martin sold 21 tractors in August ; ; +in August of 1960 , he sold seven . +

+

Dealers' stocks down +With dealer stocks of new equipment averaging about 25% below a year ago , the affects of the rural recovery are being felt almost immediately by the country's farm equipment manufacturers . +For example , farm equipment shipments of International Harvester in August climbed about 5% above a year earlier , Mr. Keeler reports . +

+

Tractor production at Massey-Ferguson , Ltd. , of Toronto in July and August rose to 2,418 units from 869 in the like period a year earlier , says John Staiger , vice president . +

+

With the lower dealer inventories and the stepped-up demand some manufacturers believe there could be shortages of some implements . +Merritt D. Hill , Ford Motor Co. vice president , says his company is starting to get calls daily from dealers demanding immediate delivery or wanting earlier shipping dates on orders for corn pickers . +

+

Except for a few months in late 1960 and early 1961 , retail farm equipment sales have trailed year-earlier levels since the latter part of 1959 . +The rise in sales last winter was checked when the Government's new feed grain program was adopted ; ; +the program resulted in a cutback of around 20% in planted acreage and , as a result , reduced the immediate need for machines . +

+

Nearly all of the farm equipment manufacturers and dealers say the upturn in sales has resulted chiefly from the recent improvement in crop prospects . +Total farm output for this year is officially forecast at 129% of the 1947-49 average , three points higher than the July 1 estimate and exactly equal to the final figure for 1960 . +

+

The Government also is aiding farmers' income prospects . +Agriculture Department economists estimate the Government this year will hand farmers $1.4 billion in special subsidies and incentive payments , well above the record $1.1 billion of 1958 and about double the $639 million of 1960 . +Price support loans may total another $1 billion this year . +With cash receipts from marketings expected to be slightly above 1960 , farmers' gross income is estimated at $39.5 billion , $1.5 billion above 1960's record high . +Net income may reach $12.7 billion , up $1 billion from 1960 and the highest since 1953 . +The Government reported last week that the index of prices received by farmers rose in the month ended at mid-September for the third consecutive month , reaching 242% of the 1910-14 average compared with 237% at mid-July . +

+

Kennedy opposes any widespread relief from a High Court depletion ruling . +

+

The Supreme Court decision in mid-1960 was in the case of a company making sewer pipe from clay which it mined . +The company , in figuring its taxable earnings , deducted a percentage of the revenue it received for its finished products . +Such `` depletion allowances '' , in the form of percentages of sales are authorized by tax law for specified raw materials producers using up their assets . +The High Court held that the company must apply its percentage allowance to the value of the raw materials removed from the ground , not to the revenue from finished products . +

+

A measure passed by Congress just before adjourning softened the ruling's impact , on prior-year returns still under review , for clay-mining companies that make brick and tile products . +The measure allows such companies in those years to apply their mineral depletion allowances to 50% of the value of the finished products rather than the lower value of raw clay alone . +

+

President Kennedy , in signing the relief measure into law , stressed he regarded it as an exception . +`` My approval of this bill should not be viewed as establishing a precedent for the enactment of similar legislation for other mineral industries '' , the President said . +

+

Charitable deductions come in for closer scrutiny by the I.R.S. . +

+

The Service announced that taxpayers making such claims may be called on to furnish a statement from the recipient organization showing the date , purpose , amount and other particulars of the contribution . +Requests for substantiation , the Service indicated , can be especially expected in cases where it suspects the donor received some material benefit in return , such as tickets to a show . +

+

In such an instance , revenuers stressed , the deduction must be reduced by the value of the benefit received . +

+

A rule on the Federal deductibility of state taxes is contested . +

+

A realty corporation in Louisiana owed no tax , under Federal law , on its gain from the sale of property disposed of in line with a plan of liquidation . +Louisiana , however , collected an income tax on the profits from the sale . +The corporation , in filing its final Federal income return , claimed the state tax payment as a deductible expense , as permitted under U.S. tax law . +

+

The Revenue Service disallowed the claim , invoking a law provision that generally bars deductions for expenses incurred in connection with what it said was tax-exempt income . +The Tax Court rejected this view . +It said the tax-freedom of the gain in this case stemmed not from the exempt status of the income but from a special rule on corporate liquidations . +

+

The Tax Court decision and a similar earlier finding by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals challenges a year-old I.R.S. ruling on the subject . +The Service has not said what its next step will be . +

+

Peace Corps volunteers are assured a tax benefit under the law creating the agency . +It provides that the $1,800 termination payment each cadet is to get , after serving a two-year hitch without pay , will be spread over both years , not taxed in its entirety at a possibly higher rate in the year received . +

+

The owner of a public relations firm owed no income tax on payments he received from a client company and `` kicked back '' to the company's advertising manager , the Tax Court ruled . +The taxpayer testified that in order to retain the account he had to pad his invoices and pay the excess to the manager . +The Court upheld the taxpayer's contention that these `` kickbacks '' were not his income though they passed through his hands . +The Court limited its decision to the tax issue involved , commenting : `` It is not our province to pass judgment on the morality of the transaction '' . +

+

A portable kerosene range designed for use aboard boats is sold with a special railing to keep it from moving with the motion of the vessel . +The Revenue Service said the addition of the attachment does not keep the range from coming under the Federal manufacturers' excise tax on household-type appliances . +

+

Hiring the wife for one's company may win her tax-aided retirement income . +

+

A spouse employed by a corporation her husband controls , for example , may be entitled to distributions under the company's pension plan as well as to her own Social Security coverage . +She would be taxed on the pensions when received , of course , but the company's contributions would be tax-free . +

+

A frequent pitfall in this sort of arrangement , experts warn , is a tendency to pay the wife more than her job is worth and to set aside an excessive amount for her as retirement income . +In that event , they note , the Revenue Service might declare the pension plan is discriminatory and deny it tax privileges under the law . +

+

Possible upshots : The company could be denied a deduction for its pension payments , or those payments for the wife and other employes could be ruled taxable to them in the year made . +

+

State briefs : Voters in four counties containing and bordering Denver authorized the imposition of an additional 2% sales tax within that area . +Colorado has a 2% sales tax . +Denver itself collects a 1% sales tax which is to be absorbed in the higher area tax . +The Washington state supreme court ruled that the state's occupation tax applied to sales , made at cost to an oil company , by a wholly-owned subsidiary set up to purchase certain supplies without divulging the identity of the parent . +The state's occupation tax is computed on gross sales . +The court held that the tax applied to non-profit sales because the corporations realized economic benefits by doing business as two separate entities . +Washington +-- Consumer spending edged down in April after rising for two consecutive months , the Government reported . +

+

The Commerce Department said seasonally adjusted sales of retail stores dropped to slightly under $18 billion in April , down 1% from the March level of more than $18.2 billion . +April sales also were 5% below those of April last year , when volume reached a record for any month , $18.9 billion ( see chart on Page One ) . +

+

The seasonal adjustment takes into account such factors as Easter was on April 2 this year , two weeks earlier than in 1960 , and pre-Easter buying was pushed into March . +

+

Commerce Department officials were inclined to explain the April sales decline as a reaction from a surge of consumer buying in March . +Adjusted sales that month were up a relatively steep 2.5% from those of the month before , which in turn were slightly higher than the January low of $17.8 billion . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a33.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a33.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66afef1a680d4ac1d64bcd90613d2ed360fff992 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a33.xml @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +Sample A33 from The Washington Post August 23, 1961, sec. C, p.1 "Snubbed in His Lifetime" by Maxine Cheshire +"JFK Follows An Open Door" by Marie Smith + "How They Got The Booking" +"Art Hath Charms" + October 16, 1961, sec. B, "Scottish Rite Group" +"Family Service Helps" +"Showers Put Damper" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,043 words 274 (13.4%) quotes 6 symbolsA33

Used by permission of The Washington Post

 The Washington Post

Arbitrary Hyphens: full-time [1240]Typographical Errors: completeset [0050]collonaded [1360]mantlepiece [0230]preceeded [1830]af [for of]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

At last the White House is going to get some much-copied furniture by that master American craftsman , Duncan Phyfe , whose designs were snubbed in his lifetime when the U. S. Presidents of the 19th Century sent abroad for their furnishings . +

+

The American Institute of Decorators has acquired a rare complete set of sofas and chairs which are to be placed in the Executive Mansion's library . +The suite has been in the same family since the early 1800's . +The gift is being presented by `` heirs and descendants of the Rutherford family of New Jersey , whose famous estate , `` Tranquility '' , was located near the Duncan Phyfe workshop at Andover , N. J. . +

+

Authenticated pieces of Duncan Phyfe furniture are uncommon , although millions of American homes today display pieces patterned after the style trends he set 150 years ago . +This acquisition is a matched , perfect set -- consisting of two sofas six feet long , plus six sidechairs and two armchairs . +

+

The AID has undertaken the redecoration of the White House library as a project in connection with the work being done by First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy's Fine Arts Advisory Committee to secure antiques for the presidential home . +It is the AID's intention to create in the library `` a miniature museum of Americana '' before completed refurbishing is unveiled early this fall . +

+

The room will also feature another rarity many antiquarians would consider more important than the Duncan Phyfe furniture . +The AID has found a mantlepiece attributed to Samuel McIntyre of Salem , Mass. , an architect and woodcarver who competed for the designing of the Capitol here in 1792 . +

+

The mantel was found in a recently demolished Salem house and is being fitted over the White House library fireplace . +It will be painted to match the paneling in the room . +

+

The AID committee's chairman in charge of the redecoration , Mrs. Henry Francis Lenygon , was in town yesterday to consult with White House staff members on the project . +Mrs. Lenygon's committee associates , announced formally yesterday by the AID in New York , include Mrs. Allen Lehman McCluskey and Stephen J. Jussel , both wellknown Manhattan decorators . +Regional representatives appointed to serve from each section of the country include Frank E. Barnes of Boston . +

+

President Kennedy couldn't stay away from his desk for the 75-minute young people's concert played on the White House lawn yesterday by the 85-piece Transylvania Symphony Orchestra from Brevard , N. C. . +But he left the doors to his office open so he could hear the music . +

+

At 4 p.m. the President left the White House to welcome the young musicians , students from the ages of 12 to 18 who spend six weeks at the Brevard Music Center summer camp , and to greet the 325 crippled , cardiac and blind children from the District area who were special guests at the concert . +

+

It was the first in the series of `` Concerts for Young People by Young People '' to be sponsored by First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy at the White House . +She was not present yesterday , however , to enjoy the music or watch the faces of the delighted audience . +

+

She is vacationing at the Kennedy summer home in Hyannis Port , Mass. , and in his welcoming remarks , the President said he was representing her . +

+

As he approached the open bandstand , erected facing the South entrance to the Executive Mansion , the band struck up the `` Star Spangled Banner '' and followed it with `` Hail To The Chief '' . +

+

`` I think they played Hail To The Chief better than the Marine Corps Band , and we are grateful to them '' , President Kennedy remarked after mounting the bandstand and shaking hands with conductor James Christian Pfohl . +

+

After paying tribute to the conductor and his white-clad youthful students , President Kennedy said , `` As an American I have the greatest possible pride in the work that is being done in dozens of schools stretching across the United States -- schools where devoted teachers are studying with interested young men and women and opening up the whole wide horizon of serious music '' . +

+

He added `` I think that sometimes in this country we are not aware as we should be of the extraordinary work that is being done in this field '' . +

+

Displaying his knowledge of music , the New England-born President remarked that `` probably the best chamber music in the world is played in Vermont , by young Americans -- and here in this school where they have produced extraordinary musicians and teachers , and their work is being duplicated all across the United States . +

+

`` This is a great national cultural asset , and therefore it is a great source of satisfaction to me , representing as I do today my wife , to welcome all of you here today at the White House '' . +

+

As he left the bandstand to return to his office , the slender , sun-tanned Chief Executive paused along the way to shake hands with the members of the audience in wheel chairs forming the first row under the field tent set up for the guests . +

+

He expressed surprise to learn that pretty , blonde Patricia Holbrook , 16 , of Mount Rainier , had attended the Joseph P. Kennedy School for the Handicapped in Boston . +`` The nuns there do a wonderful work '' , the President commented . +Patricia now attends the C. Melvin Sharpe Health School in the District . +

+

Each of the children invited to the concert wore a name tag marked with a red , white and blue ribbon . +They enjoyed lemonade and cookies served before and during the concert by teenage sons and daughters of members of the White House staff . +

+

Many of the music-loving members of the President's staff gathered around the tent listening and watching the rapt attention given by the young seated audience . +And it turned out to be more of a family affair than expected . +Henry Hall Wilson , a student at the music camp 25 years ago and now on the President's staff as liaison representative with the House of Representatives , turned guest conductor for a Sousa march , the `` Stars and Stripes Forever '' . +

+

Transylvania Symphony Conductor Pfohl said yesterday that Mrs. Kennedy's Social Secretary , Letitia Baldrige , told about plans for White House youth concerts before the National Symphony Orchestra League in Philadelphia last spring . +

+

He said he contacted a friend , Henry Hall Wilson , on the President's staff and asked whether his orchestra could play , in the series . +A flow of correspondence between Pfohl and Miss Baldrige resulted in an invitation to the 85-student North Carolina group to play the first concert . +

+

One of the most interested `` students '' on the tour which the Brevard group took at the National Gallery yesterday following their concert at the White House , was Letitia Baldrige , social secretary to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy . +

+

`` I was an art major in college '' , Miss Baldrige explained . +`` I've been here so many times I couldn't count them '' . +She turned out to be a fan , too , of Margaret Bouton , the Gallery's associate curator of education . +

+

Miss Bouton headed up one of the four groups that went on simultaneous tours after the Gallery had closed at 5 p.m. . +The Brevard group of 85 arrived at the Gallery at 6 p.m. , remaining for about 45 minutes . +

+

The Brevard visitors had very little to say at the beginning of the tour but warmed up later . +They decided that they thought Rembrandt's self-portrait made him look `` sad '' ; ; +they noticed Roman buildings in the background of Raphael's `` Alba Madonna '' and `` texture '' in a Monet painting of Rheims Cathedral . +Everybody had heard of Van Gogh , the French impressionist . +

+

Gallery Director John Walker greeted the group , standing on one of the benches in the downstairs lobby to speak to them . +He pointed out to the young musicians that the National Gallery `` is the only museum in the country to have a full-time music director , Richard Bales . +I'm sure you've heard of him and his record , ' The Confederacy ' '' . +

+

Along with the gallery aide who explained the various paintings and sculptures to each group , went one of the Gallery's blue-uniformed guards . +

+

In 45 minutes , the Gallery leaders had given the students a quick rundown on art from the Renaissance to the late 19th Century . +

+

A few of them said they `` preferred contemporary art '' . +

+

Among the other artists , whose paintings were discussed were Boucher , Courbet , Fra Angelico . +

+

The thing that impressed one of the visitors the most was the Gallery's rotunda fountain `` because it's on the second floor '' . +

+

That imposing , somewhat austere , and seemingly remote collonaded building with the sphynxes perched on its threshold at 1733 16th St. nw. took on bustling life yesterday . +

+

More than 250 Scottish Rite Masons and guests gathered in their House of the Temple to pay tribute to their most prominent leader , Albert Pike , who headed the Scottish Rite from 1859 to 1891 . +

+

They came together in the huge , high-ceilinged Council Chamber to hear the late leader eulogized . +C. Wheeler Barnes of Denver , head of the Scottish Rite in Colorado , praised Pike as a historian , author , poet , journalist , lawyer , jurist , soldier and musician , who devoted most of his mature years to the strengthening of the Masonic Order . +

+

The ceremony ended with the laying of a wreath at the crypt of Pike in the House of the Temple . +A reception and tea followed . +

+

About 1500 delegates are expected to register today for the biennial session of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States . +

+

The opening session of the 5-day session will begin at 10 a.m. today . +There will be a pilgrimage to Mount Vernon at 2:30 p.m. . +A wreath will be placed at the tomb of George Washington , one of this Nation's first Masons -- a past master of Washington-Alexandria Lodge 22 in Alexandria . +

+

The marriage of John and Mary Black had clearly reached the breaking point after eight years . +

+

John had a job in a small firm where the work was dull and monotonous . +He would come home in the evening tired and discouraged -- in no frame of mind to play with their three children , or spend much time chatting with his wife . +

+

Hurt by his lack of interest and attention , Mary complained often that he didn't help around the house , and that he didn't really care about the family . +She accused him of ignoring her . +He in turn told her she demanded too much . +They were both discouraged , disgusted and miserable . +

+

Mary decided she had had enough . +Without any definite plan in mind , she went to a judge to see what could be done . +The judge listened quietly as the young woman poured out her frustrations -- then discussing with her the possibility of seeking aid from Family Service before going to a lawyer . +

+

Family Service , sharing in UGF , has five agencies in the Washington area . +They offer to the people of this community case work service and counseling on a wide variety of family problems . +

+

Because neither of them really wanted their marriage to break up , Mr. and Mrs. Black agreed to a series of interviews at Family Service of Northern Virginia , the agency nearest them . +For nearly a year , they have been receiving counseling , separately and together , in an effort to understand and overcome the antagonisms which had given rise to the possibility of divorce . +The interviews have led each of them to a new appreciation of the problems confronting the other . +They are now working together toward solving their difficulties . +

+

John received a promotion in his firm . +He gives credit for the promotion to his new outlook on life . +Mary is cheery and gay when her husband comes home in the evenings , and the children's bed-time is frequently preceeded by a session of happy , family rough-housing . +

+

To outsiders , the Blacks seem to be an ordinary , happy family , and they are -- but with a difference . +They know the value of being just that -- an ordinary , happy family . +

+

Family Service has helped hundreds of families in this area . +Perhaps to some their work does not seem particularly vital . +But to the families it serves , their help cannot be measured . +Family Service could not open its doors to a single family without the financial support of the United Givers Fund . +

+

Anticipated heavy traffic along the Skyline Drive failed to materialize yesterday , park rangers said , and those who made the trip got a leisurely view of the fall colors through skies swept clear of haze . +

+

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Used by permission of Time, Inc.

 "National Affairs" + Time magazine, 77: 3 (January 13, 1961), 13-16. 0010-1930 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: far-out [0990]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The nation +the three-front war +At a closed-door session on Capitol Hill last week , Secretary of State Christian Herter made his final report to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on U.S. affairs abroad . +Afterward , Tennessee's Democratic Senator Albert Gore summed it up for newsmen . +What Herter presented , said Gore , was `` not a very encouraging review '' . +That was something of an understatement in a week when the underlying conflict between the West and Communism erupted on three fronts . +While Communists were undermining United Nations efforts to rescue the Congo from chaos , two other Communist offensives stirred the Eisenhower Administration into emergency conferences and serious decisions . +1 ) Cuba . +

+

Hours after a parade of his new Soviet tanks and artillery , Dictator Fidel Castro suddenly confronted the U.S. with a blunt and drastic demand : within 48 hours , the U.S. had to reduce its embassy and consulate staffs in Cuba to a total of eleven persons ( the embassy staff alone totaled 87 U.S. citizens , plus 120 Cuban employees ) . +President Eisenhower held an 8:30 a.m. meeting with top military and foreign-policy advisers , decided to break off diplomatic relations immediately . +`` There is a limit to what the United States in self-respect can endure '' , said the President . +`` That limit has now been reached '' . +

+

Through Secretary Herter , Ike offered President-elect Kennedy an opportunity to associate his new Administration with the breakoff decision . +Kennedy , through Secretary-designate of State Dean Rusk , declined . +He thus kept his hands free for any action after Jan. 20 , although reaction to the break was generally favorable in the U.S. and Latin America ( see the hemisphere ) . +2 ) Laos . +

+

After a White House huddle between the President and top lieutenants , the Defense Department reacted sharply to a cry from the pro-Western government of Laos that several battalions of Communist troops had invaded Laos from North Viet Nam . +`` In view of the present situation in Laos '' , said the Pentagon's announcement , `` we are taking normal precautionary actions to increase the readiness of our forces in the Pacific '' . +Cutting short a holiday at Hong Kong , the aircraft carriers Lexington and Bennington steamed off into the South China Sea , accompanied by a swarm of destroyers , plus troopships loaded with marines . +On the U.S.'s island base of Okinawa , Task Force 116 , made up of Army , Navy , Marine and Air Force units , got braced to move southward on signal . +

+

But by week's end the Laotian cry of invasion was read as an exaggeration ( see foreign news ) , and the U.S. was agreeing with its cautious British and French allies that a neutralist -- rather than a pro-Western -- government might be best for Laos . +French & Indians . +

+

There was a moral of sorts in the Laotian situation that said much about all other cold-war fronts . +Political , economic and military experts were all agreed that chaotic , mountainous little Laos was the last place in the world to fight a war -- and they were probably right . +`` It would be like fighting the French and Indian War all over again '' , said one military man . +But why was Laos the new Southeast Asian battleground ? ? +

+

At Geneva in 1954 , to get the war in Indo-China settled , the British and French gave in to Russian and Communist Chinese demands and agreed to the setting up of a Communist state , North Viet Nam -- which then , predictably , became a base for Communist operations against neighboring South Viet Nam and Laos . +The late Secretary of State John Foster Dulles considered the 1954 Geneva agreement a specimen of appeasement , saw that resolution would be needed to keep it from becoming a calamity for the West . +He began the diplomatic discussions that resulted in the establishment of Aj . +`` The important thing from now on '' , he said , `` is not to mourn the past but to seize the future opportunity to prevent the loss in northern Viet Nam from leading to the extension of Communism throughout Southeast Asia '' . +

+

Russian tanks and artillery parading through the streets of Havana , Russian intrigue in the Congo , and Russian arms drops in Laos ( using the same Ilyushin transports that were used to carry Communist agents to the Congo ) made it plain once more that the cold war was all of a piece in space and time . +Soviet Premier Khrushchev sent New Year's hopes for peace to President-elect Kennedy , and got a cool acknowledgment in reply . +Considering the state of the whole world , the cold war's three exposed fronts did not seem terribly ominous ; ; +but , in Senator Gore's words , it was `` not a very encouraging '' situation that would confront John F. Kennedy on Inauguration Day . +

+

The Congress +turmoil in the House +As the 87th Congress began its sessions last week , liberal Democrats were ready for a finish fight to open the sluice gates controlled by the House Rules Committee and permit the free flow of liberal legislation to the floor . +The liberal pressure bloc ( which coyly masquerades under the name Democratic Study Group ) had fought the committee before , and had always lost . +This time , they were much better prepared and organized , and the political climate was favorable . +They had the unspoken support of President-elect Kennedy , whose own legislative program was menaced by the Rules Committee bottleneck . +And counting noses , they seemed to have the votes to work their will . +Deadly deadlock . +

+

There were two possible methods of breaching the conservative barriers around the Rules Committee : 1 ) to pack it with additional liberals and break the conservative-liberal deadlock , or 2 ) to remove one of the conservatives -- namely Mississippi's 14-term William Meyers Colmer ( pronounced Calmer ) . +Caucusing , the liberals decided to go after Colmer , which actually was the more drastic course , since seniority in the House is next to godliness . +

+

A dour , gangling man with a choppy gait , Colmer looks younger than his 70 years , has gradually swung from a moderate , internationalist position to that of a diehard conservative . +He is generally and initially suspicious of any federal project , unless it happens to benefit his Gulf Coast constituents . +He is , of course , a segregationist , but he says he has never made an `` anti-Negro '' speech . +For 20 years he has enjoyed his power on the Rules Committee . +There his vote , along with those of Chairman Howard Smith , the courtly Virginia judge , and the four Republican members , could and often did produce a 6-6 deadlock that blocked far-out , Democratic-sponsored welfare legislation ( a tactic often acceptable to the Rayburn-Johnson congressional leadership to avoid embarrassing votes ) . +Equal treatment . +

+

There was sufficient pretext to demand Colmer's ouster : he had given his lukewarm support to the anti-Kennedy electors in Mississippi . +Reprisals are not unheard of in such situations , but the recent tendency has been for the Congress to forgive its prodigal sons . +In 1949 the Dixiecrats escaped unscathed after their 1948 rebellion against Harry Truman , and in 1957 , after Congressman Adam Clayton Powell campaigned for Dwight Eisenhower in 1956 , his fellow Democrats did not touch his committee assignments , although they did strip him temporarily of his patronage . +( In the heat of the anti-Colmer drive last week , Judge Smith threatened reprisal against Powell . +Said he : `` We will see whether whites and Negroes are treated the same around here '' . +) But Speaker Sam Rayburn , after huddling in Palm Beach with President-elect Kennedy , decided that this year something had to be done about the Rules Committee -- and that he was the only man who could do anything effective . +

+

In a tense , closed-door session with Judge Smith , Rayburn attempted to work out a compromise : to add three new members to the Rules Committee ( two Democrats , including one Southerner , and one Republican ) . +Smith flatly rejected the offer , and Mister Sam thereupon decided to join the rebels . +The next morning he summoned a group of top Democrats to his private office and broke the news : he would lead the fight to oust Colmer , whom he is said to regard as `` an inferior man '' . +

+

News of Rayburn's commitment soon leaked out . +When Missouri's Clarence Cannon got the word , he turned purple . +`` Unconscionable '' ! ! +He shouted , and rushed off to the Speaker's Room to object : `` A dangerous precedent '' ! ! +Cannon , a powerful , conservative man , brought welcome support to the Smith-Colmer forces : as chairman of the Appropriations Committee , he holds over each member the dreadful threat of excluding this or that congressional district from federal pork-barrel projects . +Sitting quietly on an equally big pork barrel was another Judge Smith ally , Georgia's Carl Vinson , chairman of the Armed Services Committee . +Threat of war . +

+

As the battle raged in the cloakrooms and caucuses , it became clear that Judge Smith could lose . +His highest count of supporters numbered 72 -- and he needed nearly twice that number to control the 260-member Democratic caucus . +The liberals , smelling blood , were faced with the necessity of winning three big votes -- in the Democratic Committee on Committees , in the full party caucus , and on the floor of the House -- before they could oust Colmer . +( One big question : If Colmer was to be purged , what should the House do about the other three senior Mississippians who supported the maverick electors ? ? +) In all three arenas , they seemed certain of victory -- especially with Sam Rayburn applying his whiplash . +

+

But in the prospect of winning the battle loomed the specter of losing a costlier war . +If the Southerners were sufficiently aroused , they could very well cut the Kennedy legislative program to ribbons from their vantage point of committee chairmanships , leaving Sam Rayburn leading a truncated , unworkable party . +With that possibility in mind , Arkansas' Wilbur Mills deliberately delayed calling a meeting of the Committee on Committees , and coolheaded Democrats sought to bring Rayburn and Smith together again to work out some sort of face-saving compromise . +`` Here are two old men , mad at each other and too proud to pick up the phone '' , said a House Democratic leader . +`` One wants a little more power , and the other doesn't want to give up any '' . +Battle in the senate +The Senate launched the 87th Congress with its own version of an ancient liberal-conservative battle , but in contrast with the House's guerrilla war it seemed as pro forma as a Capitol guide's speech . +Question at issue : How big a vote should be necessary to restrict Senate debate -- and thereby cut off legislation-delaying filibusters ? ? +

+

A wide-ranging , bipartisan force -- from Minnesota's Democratic Hubert Humphrey to Massachusetts' Republican Leverett Saltonstall -- was drawn up against a solid phalanx of Southern Democrats , who have traditionally used the filibuster to stop civil rights bills . +New Mexico's Clint Anderson offered a resolution to change the Senate's notorious Rule 22 to allow three-fifths of the Senators present and voting to cut off debate , instead of the current hard-to-get two-thirds . +Fair Dealer Humphrey upped the ante , asked cloture power for a mere majority of Senators . +Georgia's Dick Russell objected politely , and the battle was joined . +

+

Privately , the liberals admitted that the Humphrey amendment had no chance of passage . +Privately , they also admitted that their hopes for Clint Anderson's three-fifths modification depended on none other than Republican Richard Nixon . +In 1957 Nixon delivered a significant opinion that a majority of Senators had the power to adopt new rules at the beginning of each new Congress , and that any rules laid down by previous Congresses were not binding . +

+

Armed with the Nixon opinion , the Senate liberals rounded up their slim majority and prepared to choke off debate on the filibuster battle this week . +Hopefully , the perennial battle of Rule 22 then would be fought to a settlement once and for all . +

+

Republicans +last act +Since Election Day , Vice President Richard Nixon had virtually retired -- by his own wish -- from public view . +But with the convening of the new Congress , he was the public man again , presiding over the Senate until John Kennedy's Inauguration . +One day last week , Nixon faced a painful constitutional chore that required him to officiate at a joint session of Congress to hear the official tally of the Electoral College vote , and then to make `` sufficient declaration '' of the election of the man who defeated him in the tight 1960 presidential election . +Nixon fulfilled his assignment with grace , then went beyond the required `` sufficient declaration '' . +

+

`` This is the first time in 100 years that a candidate for the presidency announced the result of an election in which he was defeated '' , he said . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/d05.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/d05.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a90740513d56f3c601f9a35f26fb350a9e0d640 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/d05.xml @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +Sample D05 from Perry Miller "Theodore Parker: Apostasy within Liberalism" + The Harvard Theological Review, LIV: 4 (October, 1961), 280-285 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,119 words 364 (17.2%) quotesD05

Copyright 1961 by the Faculty of Divinity in Harvard University. Used by

 Perry Miller "Theodore Parker: Apostasy within Liberalism" + The Harvard Theological Review, LIV: 4 (October, 1961), 280-285 +

Typographical Error: majesterial [1890]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Furthermore , as an encouragement to revisionist thinking , it manifestly is fair to admit that any fraternity has a constitutional right to refuse to accept persons it dislikes . +The Unitarian clergy were an exclusive club of cultivated gentlemen -- as the term was then understood in the Back Bay -- and Parker was definitely not a gentleman , either in theology or in manners . +Ezra Stiles Gannett , an honorable representative of the sanhedrin , addressed himself frankly to the issue in 1845 , insisting that Parker should not be persecuted or calumniated and that in this republic no power to restrain him by force could exist . +Even so , Gannett judiciously argued , the Association could legitimately decide that Parker `` should not be encouraged nor assisted in diffusing his opinions by those who differ from him in regard to their correctness '' . +We today are not entitled to excoriate honest men who believed Parker to be downright pernicious and who barred their pulpits against his demand to poison the minds of their congregations . +One can even argue -- though this is a delicate matter -- that every justification existed for their returning the Public Lecture to the First Church , and so to suppress it , rather than let Parker use it as a sounding board for his propaganda when his turn should come to occupy it . +Finally , it did seem clear as day to these clergymen , as Gannett's son explained in the biography of his father , they had always contended for the propriety of their claim to the title of Christians . +Their demand against the Calvinist Orthodoxy for intellectual liberty had never meant that they would follow `` free inquiry '' to the extreme of proclaiming Christianity a `` natural '' religion . +

+

Grant all this -- still , when modern Unitarianism and the Harvard Divinity School recall with humorous affection the insults Parker lavished upon them , or else argue that after all Parker received the treatment he invited , they betray an uneasy conscience . +Whenever New England liberalism is reminded of the dramatic confrontation of Parker and the fraternity on January 23 , 1843 -- while it may defend the privilege of Chandler Robbins to demand that Parker leave the Association , while it may plead that Dr. N. L. Frothingham had every warrant for stating , `` The difference between Trinitarians and Unitarians is a difference in Christianity ; ; +the difference between Mr. Parker and the Association is a difference between no Christianity and Christianity '' -- despite these supposed conclusive assurances , the modern liberal heaves repeatedly a sigh of relief , of positive thanksgiving , that the Association never quite brought itself officially to expel Parker . +Had it done so , the blot on its escutcheon would have remained indelible , nor could the Harvard Divinity School assemble today to honor Parker's insurgence other than by getting down on its collective knees and crying `` peccavi '' . +

+

Happily for posterity , then , the Boston Association did not actually command Parker to leave the room , though it came too close for comfort to what would have been an unforgivable brutality . +Fortunately , the honor of the denomination can attest that Cyrus Bartol defended Parker's sincerity , as did also Gannett and Chandler Robbins ; ; +whereupon Parker broke down into convulsions of weeping and rushed out of the room , though not out of the Fellowship . +In the hall , after adjournment , Dr. Frothingham took him warmly by the hand and requested Parker to visit him -- whereupon our burly Theodore again burst into tears . +

+

All this near tragedy , which to us borders on comedy , enables us to tell the story over and over again , always warming ourselves with a glow of complacency . +It was indeed a near thing , but somehow the inherent decency of New England ( which we inherit ) did triumph . +Parker was never excommunicated . +To the extent that he was ostracized or even reviled , we solace ourselves by saying he asked for it . +Yet , even after all these stratagems , the conscience of Christian liberality is still not laid to rest , any more than is the conscience of Harvard University for having done the abject penance for its rejection of Ralph Waldo Emerson's The Divinity School Address of naming its hall of philosophy after him . +In both cases the stubborn fact remains : liberalism gave birth to two brilliant apostates , both legitimate offspring of its loins , and when brought to the test , it behaved shabbily . +Suppose they both had ventured into realms which their colleagues thought infidel : is this the way gentlemen settle frank differences of opinion ? ? +Is it after all possible that no matter how the liberals trumpet their confidence in human dignity they are exposed to a contagion of fear more insidious than any conservative has ever to worry about ? ? +

+

However , there is a crucial difference between the two histories . +Emerson evaded the problem by shoving it aside , or rather by leaving it behind him : he walked out of the Unitarian communion , so that it could lick the wound of his departure , preserve its self-respect and eventually accord him pious veneration . +Parker insisted upon not resigning , even when the majority wanted him to depart , upon daring the Fellowship to throw him out . +Hence he was in his lifetime , as is the memory of him afterwards , a canker within the liberal sensitivity . +He still points an accusing finger at all of us , telling us we have neither the courage to support him nor the energy to cut his throat . +

+

Actually , the dispute between Parker and the society of his time , both ecclesiastical and social , was a real one , a bitter one . +It cannot be smoothed over by now cherishing his sarcasms as delightful bits of self-deprecation or by solemnly calling for a reconsideration of the justice of the objections to him . +The fact is incontestable : that liberal world of Unitarian Boston was narrow-minded , intellectually sterile , smug , afraid of the logical consequences of its own mild ventures into iconoclasm , and quite prepared to resort to hysterical repressions when its brittle foundations were threatened . +Parker , along with Garrison and Charles Sumner , showed a magnificent moral bravery when facing mobs mobilized in defense of the Mexican War and slavery . +Nevertheless , we can find reasons for respecting even the bigotry of the populace ; ; +their passions were genuine , and the division between them and the abolitionists is clear-cut . +But Parker as the ultra-liberal minister within the pale of a church which had proclaimed itself the repository of liberality poses a different problem , which is not to be resolved by holding him up as the champion of freedom . +Even though his theological theses have become , to us , commonplaces , the fundamental interrogation he phrased is very much with us . +It has been endlessly rephrased , but I may here put it thus : at what point do the tolerant find themselves obliged to become intolerant ? ? +And then , as they become aware that they have reached the end of their patience , what do they , to their dismay , learn for the first time about themselves ? ? +

+

There can be no doubt , the Boston of that era could be exquisitely cruel in enforcing its canons of behavior . +The gentle Channing , revered by all Bostonians , orthodox or Unitarian , wrote to a friend in Louisville that among its many virtues Boston did not abound in a tolerant spirit , that the yoke of opinion crushed individuality of judgment and action : `` No city in the world is governed so little by a police , and so much by mutual inspections and what is called public sentiment . +We stand more in awe of one another than most people . +Opinion is less individual or runs more into masses , and often rules with a rod of iron '' . +Even more poignantly , and with the insight of a genius , Channing added -- remember , this is Channing , not Parker ! ! +-- that should a minister in Boston trust himself to his heart , should he `` speak without book , and consequently break some law of speech , or be hurried into some daring hyperbole , he should find little mercy '' . +

+

Channing wrote this -- in a letter ! ! +I think it fair to say that he never quite reached such candor in his sermons . +But Theodore Parker , commencing his mission to the world-at-large , disguised as the minister of a `` twenty-eighth Congregational Church '' which bore no resemblance to the Congregational polities descended from the founders ( among which were still the Unitarian churches ) , made explicit from the beginning that the conflict between him and the Hunkerish society was not something which could be evaporated into a genteel difference about clerical decorum . +Because he spoke openly with what Channing had prophesied someone might -- with daring hyperbole -- Parker vindicated Channing's further prophecy that he who committed this infraction of taste would promptly discover how little mercy liberals were disposed to allow to libertarians who appeared to them libertines . +An institutionalized liberalism proved itself fundamentally an institution , and only within those defined limits a license . +

+

By reminding ourselves of these factors in the situation , we should , I am sure , come to a fresh realization , however painful it be , that the battle between Parker and his neighbors was fought in earnest . +He arraigned the citizens in language of so little courtesy that they had to respond with , at the least , resentment . +What otherwise could `` the lawyer , doctor , minister , the men of science and letters '' do when told that they had `` become the cherubim and seraphim and the three archangels who stood before the golden throne of the merchant , and continually cried , ' Holy , holy , holy is the Almighty Dollar ' `` ? ? +Nor , when we recollect how sensitive were the emotions of the old Puritan stock in regard to the recent tides of immigration , should we be astonished that their thin lips were compressed into a white line of rage as Parker snarled at them thus : `` Talk about the Catholics voting as the bishop tells ! ! +Reproach the Catholics for it ! ! +You and I do the same thing . +There are a great many bishops who have never had a cross on their bosom , nor a mitre on their head , who appeal not to the authority of the Pope at Rome , but to the Almighty Dollar , a pope much nearer home . +Boston has been controlled by a few capitalists , lawyers and other managers , who told the editors what to say and the preachers what to think '' . +This was war . +Parker meant business . +And he took repeated care to let his colleagues know that he intended them : `` Even the Unitarian churches have caught the malaria , and are worse than those who deceived them '' -- which implied that they were very bad indeed . +It was `` Duty '' he said that his parents had given him as a rule -- beyond even the love that suffused his being and the sense of humor with which he was largely supplied -- and it was duty he would perform , though it cost him acute pain and exhausted him by the age of fifty . +Parker could weep -- and he wept astonishingly often and on the slightest provocation -- but the psychology of those tears was entirely compatible with a remorseless readiness to massacre his opponents . +`` If it gave me pleasure to say hard things '' , he wrote , `` I would shut up forever '' . +We have to tell ourselves that when Parker spoke in this vein , he believed what he said , because he could continue , `` But the truth , which cost me bitter tears to say , I must speak , though it cost other tears hotter than fire '' . +Because he copiously shed his own tears , and yielded himself up as a living sacrifice to the impersonalized conscience of New England , he was not disturbed by the havoc he worked in other people's consciences . +

+

Our endeavor to capture even a faint sense of how strenuous was the fight is muffled by our indifference to the very issue which in the Boston of 1848 seemed to be the central hope of its Christian survival , that of the literal , factual historicity of the miracles as reported in the Four Gospels . +It is idle to ask why we are no longer disturbed if somebody , professing the deepest piety , decides anew that it is of no importance whether or not Christ transformed the water into wine at eleven A.M. on the third of August , A.D. 32 . +We have no answer as to why we are not alarmed . +So we are the more prepared to give Parker the credit for having taken the right side in an unnecessary controversy , to salute his courage , and to pass on , happily forgetting both him and the entire episode . +We have not the leisure , or the patience , or the skill , to comprehend what was working in the mind and heart of a then recent graduate from the Harvard Divinity School who would muster the audacity to contradict his most formidable instructor , the majesterial Andrews Norton , by saying that , while he believed Jesus `` like other religious teachers '' , worked miracles , `` I see not how a miracle proves a doctrine '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/d12.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/d12.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94137fd00689711783bd553fbe134134209bde99 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/d12.xml @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +Sample D12 from Kenneth Underwood and Elden Jacobsen, "Probing the Ethics of Realtors," + Christianity and Crisis, XXI: 9 (May 9, 1961), 96-98 + Used by permission. 0010-1970 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,031 words 107 (5.3%) quotes 3 symbolsD12

Kenneth Underwood and Elden Jacobsen, "Probing the Ethics of Realtors," + Christianity and Crisis, XXI: 9 (May 9, 1961), 96-98 + Used by permission. 0010-1970 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: non-white [0620]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Much more than shelter , housing symbolizes social status , a sense of `` belonging '' , acceptance within a given group or neighborhood , identification with particular cultural values and social institutions , feelings of pride and worth , aspirations and hopes basic to human well-being . +For almost one-sixth of the national population discrimination in the free selection of residence casts a considerable shadow upon these values assumed as self-evident by most Americans . +

+

Few business groups in recent years have come under heavier pressure to face these realities than real estate brokers and home builders . +This pressure has urged re-evaluation of the assumptions underlying their professional ethics ; ; +it has sought new sympathy for the human aspirations of racial minority groups in this country . +It is not surprising that , as spokesman for real estate interests , the National Association of Real Estate Boards ( NAREB ) and its local associations have sought to limit and often ignore much of this pressure . +

+

How does the local realtor see himself in the context of housing restrictions based on race , religion or ethnic attachment ? ? +What does he conceive his role to be in this area of social unrest ? ? +What ought to be , what is his potential role as a force for constructive social change ? ? +What social , ethical and theological insights can the church and university help him bring to bear upon his situation ? ? +

+

Recently , a group of the faculty at Wesleyan University's Public Affairs Center sought some answers to these questions . +Several New England realtors were invited to participate in a small colloquium of property lawyers , political scientists , economists , social psychologists , social ethicists and theologians . +Here , in an atmosphere of forthrightness and mutual criticism , each sought to bring his particular insights to bear upon the question of discrimination in housing and the part each man present played in it . +

+

For a number of years , Wesleyan has been drawing varied groups of political and business leaders into these informal discussions with members of the faculty and student body , attempting to explore and clarify aspects of their responsibility for public policy . +This article presents our observations of that session , of the realtors as they saw themselves and as the faculty and students saw them . +

+

Such conversation quickly reveals an ethically significant ambivalence in the self-images held by most realtors . +Within the membership of this group , as has been found true of men in other professional or trade associations , the most ready portrayal of oneself to `` the public '' is that of a neutral agent simply serving the interests of a seller or buyer and mediating between them . +Professional responsibility is seen to consist largely in serving the wishes of the client fairly and in an efficient manner . +But as conversation goes on , particularly among the realtors themselves , another image emerges , that of considerable power and influence in the community . +Obviously , much more than customer expectation is determining the realtor's role . +Judgments are continually rendered regarding the potential buyers' income , educational level and above all , racial extraction ; ; +and whether these would qualify them for `` congenial '' , `` happy '' relations to other people in certain community areas . +

+

A narrow professionalism +How explicit such factors have been historically is evident in any chronology of restrictive covenant cases or in a review of NAREB's Code of Ethics Article 34 in the Code , adopted in 1924 , states that `` a Realtor should never be instrumental in introducing into a neighborhood a character of property or occupancy , members of any race or nationality or any individuals whose presence will clearly be detrimental to property values in that neighborhood '' . +Though the reference to race was stricken by the association in 1950 , being an agent of such `` detrimental '' influences still appears as the cardinal sin realtors see themselves committed to avoid . +

+

The rationale for this avoidance was most frequently expressed in economic terms ; ; +all feared the supposed stigma they believed would inevitably attach to any realtor who openly introduced non-white , particularly Negro , peoples into all-white , restricted areas . +They would become tagged as men not interested in being purely real estate `` professionals '' but agitators for some kind of `` cause '' or `` reform '' , and this was no longer to be a `` pro '' . +

+

Obviously what we are confronted with here is the identification of `` professional '' with narrow skills and specialization , the effective servicing of a client , rather than responsiveness to the wider and deeper meaning and associations of one's work . +These men -- for the most part educated in our `` best '' New England colleges , well established financially and socially in the community -- under kindly but insistent probing , reveal little or no objective or explicit criteria or data for their generalizations about the interests and attitudes of the people they claim to serve , or about the public responses that actually follow their occasional breach of a `` client-service relationship '' . +

+

This narrow `` professionalism '' does not even fit the present realities of their situation , as the pressure of minorities and the power and respectability of the realtors increase . +As our discussion continued , the inadequacy of the `` client relationship '' as an interpretation of their `` way of operating '' became evident . +Realtors live in their communities as specialists in a given area of work , as members of social and professional organizations , as citizens and civic leaders , as church laymen , as university alumni , as newspaper readers , etc. . +From such communal roles the realtor finds the substance that shapes his moral understanding . +

+

It seems to us that choices exercised by realtors in moral situations center in at least three areas : ( 1 ) the various ways in which they interpret a particular social issue ; ; +( 2 ) their pattern of involvement in the regular legal and political processes ; ; +and , most pervasively , ( 3 ) their interpretation of who is a `` real pro '' , of what it means to be a professional man in a technical , fragmented society . +

+

( 1 ) Most of the realtors minimized their own understanding of and role in the racial issue , pleading that they only reflect the attitudes and intentions of their society . +There is some reality to this ; ; +the Commission on Race and Housing concluded that `` there is no reason to believe that real estate men are either more or less racially prejudiced , on the whole , than any other segment of the American population '' . +But such a reaction obscures the powerful efforts made in the past by both NAREB and its local boards for the maintenance of restrictive clauses and practices . +Also , it does not recognize the elements of choice and judgment continually employed . +

+

Like business and university groups generally , these men had very limited knowledge of recent sociological and psychological studies and findings that might illumine the decisions they make . +Realtors , both generally and in this group , have invariably equated residential integration with a decline in property values , a circumstance viewed with considerable apprehension . +

+

Recent studies by the Commission on Race and Housing and others , however , point to a vast complex of factors that often do not warrant this conclusion . +There are increasing numbers of neighborhoods that are integrated residentially without great loss of property values , the white population having taken the initiative in preparing the areas for an appreciation of the Negroes' desire for well-kept housing , privacy , etc. . +Data on the decline of property values in an area after a new racial group enters it has to be assessed in terms of the trends in property values before the group comes in . +Often they are able to get in only because the area is declining economically . +

+

Significantly , no realtor and few of the faculty present were familiar with any of the six volumes ( published by the University of California Press ) that present the commission's findings . +No one anticipates any radical shift in this situation , but questions concerning reading habits , the availability of such data and the places where it is discussed must surely be raised . +The role of both church and university as sources of information and settings within which the implications of such information may be explored needs consideration . +

+

Relevant `` facts '' , however , extend beyond considerations of property values and maintenance of `` harmonious '' neighborhoods . +Discussion of minority housing necessarily involves such basic issues as the intensity of one's democratic conviction and religious belief concerning equality of opportunity , the function and limitations of government in the securing of such equality , and the spotlight that world opinion plays upon local incidents of racial agitation and strife . +

+

`` Against the grain of creation '' +( 2 ) Realtors realize , of course , that they are involved in an increasingly complex legal and political system that is opening up opportunities for leverage on their relation to clients as well as opportunities for evasion of their responsibility for racial discrimination in housing . +On the positive side , recent Federal action has largely undermined the legal sanction so long enjoyed by the segregationist position ; ; +anti-discriminatory statutes in housing have now been adopted by thirteen states and , while specific provisions have varied , the tendency is clearly toward expanding coverage . +

+

Realtors in attendance at the colloquium expressed interest , for example , in Connecticut's new housing law as setting standards of equity that they would like `` to have to obey '' , but in support of which none had been willing to go on public record . +As far as they were aware , the Connecticut Association of Real Estate Boards had not officially opposed the bill's passage or lobbied in its support . +( This has not been the case everywhere . +In 1957 , the Real Estate Boards of New York City actively opposed the then pending private housing anti-discrimination law . +Official reasoning : the bill was a `` wanton invasion of basic property rights '' . +

+

There are sins of omission as well as commission ; ; +the attitude adopted by realtors and their associations , either negative or positive , plays a large part in the public acceptance of such measures and the degree to which they may be effectively enforced . +Judicial opinion since the Supreme Court decision on Shelley v. Kraemer ( 1948 ) has rendered racial restrictive covenants unenforcible . +Such a decision should have placed a powerful weapon in the hands of the entire housing industry , but there is little evidence that realtors , or at least their associations , have repudiated the principle in such clauses . +

+

In the states that have passed laws preventing discrimination in the sale or rental of housing , support by real estate associations for compliance and broadened coverage through additional legislation could help remove the label of `` social reformism '' that most realtors individually seem determined to avoid . +But as yet , no real estate board has been willing officially to support such laws or to admit the permissibility of introducing minority buyers into all-white neighborhoods . +

+

One of the roles of the social scientist , ethicist or theologian in our discussions with the realtors became that of encouraging greater awareness of the opportunities offered by the legal and political processes for the exercise of broad social responsibilities in their work . +But responsiveness to these opportunities presumes that all of us judge the good as a human good and not simply as a professional , white , American good . +Such judgments are meaningful only in so far as persons are members of a world , let us say a community , that embraces Scarsdale or Yonkers , but is also infinitely richer since it is all-inclusive . +

+

That community of all creation is , then , the ultimate object of our loyalty and the concrete norm of all moral judgment . +Racial discrimination is wrong , then , not because it goes against the grain of a faculty member trying to converse with a few realtors but because it goes against the grain of creation and against the will of the Creator . +Thus , moral issues concerning the nature of the legal and political processes take on theological dimensions . +

+

A fragmented Society +( 3 ) Over the years , individuals engaged in the sale of real estate have developed remarkable unity in the methods and practices employed . +Most realtors and real estate brokers talk of themselves as `` professional people '' with the cultural and moral values held by the traditional professions . +But what significance attaches to `` professional '' , beyond the narrow sense of skillfulness in meeting a client's stated needs as already noted ? ? +Our faculty and students pressed this issue more than any other . +

+

As a theologian in the group pointed out , a professional was , before the modern period of technical specialization , one who `` professed '' to be a bearer and critic of his culture in the use of his particular skills . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/e23.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/e23.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37b7be8424b9a64463568ad1d443a22779ed9a0f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/e23.xml @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +Sample E23 from Norman Kent, "The Watercolor Art of Roy M. Mason" + American Artist, 25:3 (March, 1961), 28-33, 64-65 + Used by permission0010-1760 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,001 words 861 (43.0%) quotes 1 formulaE23

Norman Kent, "The Watercolor Art of Roy M. Mason" + American Artist, 25:3 (March, 1961), 28-33, 64-65 + Used by permission0010-1760 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Roy Mason is essentially a landscape painter whose style and direction has a kinship with the English watercolorists of the early nineteenth century , especially the beautifully patterned art of John Sell Cotman . +And like this English master , Mason realizes his subjects in large , simplified masses which , though they seem effortless , are in reality the result of skilled design born of hard work and a thorough distillation of the natural form that inspired them . +

+

As a boy Roy Mason began the long process of extracting the goodness of the out-of-doors , its tang of weather , its change of seasons , its variable moods . +His father , a professional engraver and an amateur landscape painter , took his sons on numerous hunting expeditions , and imparted to them his knowledge and love of nature . +Out of this background of hunting and fishing , it was only natural that Roy first painted subjects he knew best : hunters in the field , fishermen in the stream , ducks and geese on the wing -- almost always against a vast backdrop of weather landscape . +It is this subject matter that has brought Mason a large and enthusiastic following among sportsmen , but it is his exceptional performance with this motif that commends him to artists and discerning collectors . +

+

Mason had to earn the privilege of devoting himself exclusively to painting . +Like many others , he had to work hard , long hours in a struggling family business which , though it was allied to art of a kind -- the design and production of engraved seals -- bore no relation to the painting of pictures . +But it did teach Roy the basic techniques of commercial art , and later , for twelve years , he and his sister Nina conducted an advertising art studio in Philadelphia . +On the death of their father , they returned to their home in Batavia , New York . +After more years of concentrated effort , Roy and his brother Max finally established a thriving family business at the old stand . +

+

During all this time Roy continued to paint , first only on weekends , and then , as the family business permitted , for longer periods . +Gradually he withdrew from the shop altogether , and for the past thirty years , he has worked independently as a painter , except for his continued hunting and fishing expeditions . +But even on these , the palette often takes over while the shotgun cools off ! ! +

+

Except for a rich friendship with the painter , Chauncey Ryder who gave him the only professional instruction he ever had -- and this was limited to a few lessons , though the two artists often went on painting trips together -- Roy developed his art by himself . +In the best tradition , he first taught himself to see , then to draw with accuracy and assurance , and then to paint . +He worked in oil for years before beginning his work in watercolor , and his first public recognition and early honors , including his election to the Academy , were for his essays in the heavier medium . +Gradually watercolor claimed his greater affection until today it has become his major , if not exclusive , technique . +

+

It has been my privilege to paint with Roy Mason on numerous occasions , mostly in the vicinity of Batavia . +More often than not I have found easy excuse to leave my own work and stand at a respectable distance where I could watch this man transform raw nature into a composed , not imitative , painting . +What I have observed time and time again is a process of integration , integration that begins as abstract design and gradually takes on recognizable form ; ; +color patterns that are made to weave throughout the whole composition ; ; +and that over-all , amazing control of large washes which is the Mason stylemark . +Finally come those little flicks of a rigger brush and the job is done . +Inspiring -- yes ; ; +instructive -- maybe ; ; +duplicable -- no ! ! +

+

But for the technical fact , we have the artist's own testimony : +

+

`` Of late years , I find that I like best to work out-of-doors . +First I make preliminary watercolor sketches in quarter scale ( approximately Af inches ) in which I pay particular attention to the design principles of three simple values -- the lightest light , the middle tone , and the darkest dark -- by reducing the forms of my subject to these large patterns . +If a human figure or wild life are to be part of the projected final picture , I try to place them in the initial sketch . +For me , these will belong more completely to their surroundings if they are conceived in this early stage , though I freely admit that I do not hesitate to add or eliminate figures on the full sheet when it serves my final purpose . +

+

`` I am thoroughly convinced that most watercolors suffer because the artist expects nature will do his composing for him ; ; +as a result , such pictures are only a literal translation of what the artist finds in the scene before him . +Just because a tree or other object appears in a certain spot is absolutely no reason to place it in the same position in the painting , unless the position serves the design of the whole composition . +If the artist would study his work more thoroughly and move certain units in his design , often only slightly , finer pictures would result . +Out of long experience I have found that incidental figures and other objects like trees , logs , and bushes can be traced from the original sketch and moved about in the major areas on the final sheet until they occupy the right position , which I call clicking . +

+

`` Speed in painting a picture is valid only when it imparts spontaneity and crispness , but unless the artist has lots of experience so that he can control rapid execution , he would do well to take these first sketches and soberly reorder their design to achieve a unified composition . +

+

`` If I have seemed to emphasize the structure of the composition , I mean to project equal concern for color . +Often , in working out-of-doors under all conditions of light and atmosphere , a particular passage that looked favorable in relation to the subject will be too bright , too dull , or too light , or too dark when viewed indoors in a mat . +When this occurs , I make the change on the sketch or on the final watercolor -- if I have been working on a full sheet in the field . +

+

`` When working from one of my sketches I square it up and project its linear form freehand to the watercolor sheet with charcoal . +When this linear draft is completed , I dust it down to a faint image . +From this point , I paint in as direct a manner as possible , by flowing on the washes with as pure a color mixture as I can manage . +However , first I thoughtfully study my sketch for improvement of color and design along the lines I have described . +Then I plan my attack : the parts I will finish first , the range of values , the accenting of minor details -- all in all , mechanics of producing the finished job with a maximum of crispness . +The longer I work , the more I am sure that for me , at least , a workmanlike method is important . +Trial and error are better placed in the preliminary sketch than in hoping for miracles in the final painting . +

+

`` As for materials , I use the best available . +I work on a watercolor easel in the field , and frequently resort to a large garden umbrella to protect my eyes from undue strain . +In my studio I work at a tilt-top table , but leave the paper unfixed so that I can move it freely to control the washes . +I have used a variety of heavy-weight hand-made papers , but prefer an English make , rough surface , in 400-pound weight . +After selecting a sheet and inspecting it for flaws ( even the best sometimes has foreign ' nubbins ' on its surface ) , I sponge it thoroughly on both sides with clean , cold water . +Then I dry the sheet under mild pressure so that it will lie flat as a board . +

+

`` In addition to the usual tools , I make constant use of cleansing tissue , not only to wipe my brushes , but to mop up certain areas , to soften edges , and to open up lights in dark washes . +The great absorbency of this tissue and the fact that it is easier to control than a sponge makes it an ideal tool for the watercolorist . +I also use a small electric hand-blower to dry large washes in the studio . +

+

`` My brushes are different from those used by most watercolorists , for I combine the sable and the bristle . +The red sables are 8 ; ; +two riggers , 6 and 10 ; ; +and a very large , flat wash brush . +The bristles are a Fitch 2 and a one-half inch brush shaved to a sharp chisel edge . +

+

`` My usual palette consists of top-quality colors : alizarin crimson , orange , raw sienna , raw umber , burnt sienna , sepia , cerulean blue , cobalt blue , French ultramarine blue , Winsor green , Hooker's green 2 , cadmium yellow pale , yellow ochre , Payne's gray , charcoal gray , Davy's gray , and ivory black '' . +

+

In analyzing the watercolors of Roy Mason , the first thing that comes to mind is their essential decorativeness , yet this word has such a varied connotation that it needs some elaboration here . +True , a Mason watercolor is unmistakably a synthesis of nature rather than a detailed inventory . +Unlike many decorative patterns that present a static flat convention , this artist's pictures are full of atmosphere and climate . +

+

Long observation has taught Mason that most landscape can be reduced to three essential planes : a foreground in sharp focus -- either a light area with dark accents or a dark one with lights ; ; +a middle distance often containing the major motif ; ; +and a background , usually a silhouetted form foiled against the sky . +In following this general principle , Mason provides the observer with a natural eye progression from foreground to background , and the illusion of depth is instantly created . +

+

When painting , Mason's physical eyes are half-closed , while his mind's eye is wide open , and this circumstance accounts in part for the impression he wishes to convey . +He does not insist on telling all he knows about any given subject ; ; +rather his pictures invite the observer to draw on his memory , his imagination , his nostalgia . +It is for this reason that Roy avoids selecting subjects that require specific recognition of place for their enjoyment . +His pictures generalize , though they are inspired by a particular locale ; ; +they universalize in terms of weather , skies , earth , and people . +By dealing with common landscape in an uncommon way , Roy Mason has found a particular niche in American landscape art . +Living with his watercolors is a vicarious experience of seeing nature distilled through the eyes of a sensitive interpretor , a breath and breadth of the outdoor world to help man honor the Creator of it all . +

+

The artist was born in Gilbert Mills , New York , in 1886 , and until two years ago when he and his wife moved to California , he lived in western New York , in Batavia . +When I looked up the actual date of his birth and found it to be March 15th , I realized that Roy was born under the right zodiacal sign for a watercolorist : the water sign of Pisces ( February 18 thru March 20 ) . +And how very often a water plane is featured in his landscapes , and how appropriate that he should appear in American Artist again , in his natal month of March ! ! +

+

Over the years , beginning in 1929 , Mason has been awarded seventeen major prizes including two gold medals ; ; +two Ranger Fund purchase awards ; ; +the Joseph Pennell Memorial Medal ; ; +two American Watercolor Society prizes ; ; +the Blair Purchase Prize for watercolor , Art Institute of Chicago ; ; +and others in Buffalo , New York , Chautauqua , New Haven , Rochester , Rockport , and most recently , the $300 prize for a watercolor at the Laguna Beach Art Association , +

+

He was elected to the National Academy of Design as an Associate in the oil class in 1931 ( after receiving his first Ranger Fund Purchase Prize at the Academy in 1930 ) , and elevated to Academicianship in 1940 . +Other memberships include the American Watercolor Society , Philadelphia Water Color Club , Allied Artists of America , Audubon Artists , Baltimore Watercolor Society . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/e35.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/e35.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6baddd43d0bf4a0cdaa31d6fa3e263993630cff0 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/e35.xml @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +Sample E35 from [Anonymous,] "The Industrial revolution in Housing" + House and Home, XX:4 (October, 1961), 120-127 + Used by permission0010-1780 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,000 words 342 (17.1%) quotes 22 symbols 2 formulasE35

[Anonymous,] "The Industrial revolution in Housing" + House and Home, XX:4 (October, 1961), 120-127 + Used by permission0010-1780 +

Typographical Error: at little at [for as little as] [1110]Note: fork-lift [0920] forklift [1020]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

New rule no. 2 : : +Don't build from the outside in -- try to build from the inside out +

+

Don't insert your components into fixed openings , they may or may not fit ; ; +position your components before you close them in . +For example : +

+

Don't wall in your kitchen before you hang the wall cabinets and set the appliances . +It's a lot quicker and easier to dimension the kitchen to fit the cabinets and erect the end wall after they are all in place . +

+

Set your bathtub before you close in the end of the bathroom . +Don't try to wrestle a 400-lb. tub Af through a narrow doorway . +

+

Finish your plumbing before you frame it in ( most economical framing is a thin non-bearing partition on either side of the pipes ) . +

+

Finish installing and connecting up your furnace and your water heater before you wall them in . +There is no better way to waste time than trying to install a furnace in a finished Af closet . +

+

Don't position your studs before you insert your windows in conventional construction ; ; +that way you may pay more to shim the window into place than you paid for the window . +You can save all that shimming time if you set your windows in one , two , three order -- first the stud on one side , then the window , then the stud on the other side . +

+

Install your disappearing stair ( or stairs ) to the attic and finish your overhead ducts before you drywall the ceiling . +

+

Don't close in your house until everything has been carried in . +Last wall Bob Schmitt erects is the wall between the house and garage . +That way he can truck his parts right indoors and unload them under the roof . +

+

No auto maker would dream of putting the head on the engine before he fitted the pistons in the block . +And trailer makers , those most industrialized and therefore most efficient of homebuilders , say they save hundreds of dollars by always building from the inside out . +

+

New rule no. 3 : rethink everything to get all the big savings the revolution in materials handling offers you +

+

This revolution is the biggest build-better-for-less news of all , because : 1 . +

+

It makes it easy to handle much heavier units , so you can plan to build with much bigger and heavier prefabricated components like those shown in the pictures alongside . +2 . +

+

It makes materials handling the only construction cost that ( like earthmoving and roadbuilding ) should be lower today than in 1929 . +3 . +

+

It changes the answers to `` Who should do what , and where '' ? ? +It lessens the need for costly on-site fabrication and increases the chance for shop fabrication , where almost everything can be made better and cheaper . +4 . +

+

It changes the answers on when to do what at the site . +For example , instead of putting in your driveways last ( as many builders do ) you can now save money by putting them in first . +Instead of closing the house in first ( as most builders do ) you can now cut your costs by not closing it in until you have to ( see p 121 ) . +5 . +

+

It changes the answers on builder-dealer relations . +Not so long ago many builders were finding they could cut their costs by `` buying direct '' and short-cutting the dealer . +But now many of these same builders are finding they can cut their costs more by teaming up with a dealer who has volume enough to afford the most efficient specialized equipment to deliver everything just where it is needed -- drywall inside the house , siding along the sides , trusses on the walls , roofing on the roof , etc. . +

+

Says Clarence Thompson : `` We dealers must earn our mark-up by performing a service for the builder cheaper than he could do it himself '' . +The revolution now under way in materials handling makes this much easier . +The revolution is well under way , but much more remains to be done +. +Five years ago a House & Home Round Table cosponsored by the Lumber Dealers' Research Council reported unhappily : +

+

`` Only one lumber dealer in ten is equipped to handle unit loads ; ; +only one box car in eight has the wide doors needed for unit loads ; ; +only one producer in a hundred is equipped to package and ship unit loads ; ; +only one builder in a thousand is equipped to receive unit loads . +

+

`` So from raw materials to finished erection the costs of materials handling ( most of it inefficient ) add up to one-fourth of the total construction cost of housing '' . +

+

`` That House & Home Round Table was the real starting point for today's revolution in materials handling '' , says Clarence Thompson , long chairman of the Lumber Dealers' Research Council . +`` It made our whole industry recognize the need for a new kind of teamwork between manufacturer , carrier , equipment maker , dealer , and builder , all working together to cut the cost of materials handling . +Before that we lumber dealers were working almost single-handed on the problem '' . +Here is where things stand today : +1 . +

+

Almost all of the 3,000 lumber dealers who cater primarily to the new-house market and supply 90% of this year's new houses are mechanized . +There are few areas left where a builder cannot find a dealer equipped to save him money by delivering everything at lower cost just where his workmen will need it . +2 . +

+

Practically all bulky housing products can now be ordered in standard units palletized or unitized for mechanical handling -- including lumber , asphalt shingles , glass block , face brick , plaster , lime , hardboard , gypsum wallboard and sheathing , cement , insulation sheathing , floor tile , acoustical tile , plaster base , and asbestos shingles . +3 . +

+

Truck and materials-handling equipment makers now offer specialized units to meet almost every homebuilding need . +For some significant new items see the pictures . +4 . +

+

More than 50% of all lumber is unitized ; ; +an NLRDA survey found that at least 492 lumber mills will strap their shipments for mechanized handling . +Of these , 376 said they make no extra charge for strapping in standard units , because they save enough on mechanized carloading to offset their strapping cost . +Most of the others will swallow their $.50 to $3 charge rather than lose a good customer . +`` With a 15,500-lb. fork-lift , dealers can unload unitized lumber from wide-door box cars for $.30/mbf compared with $1.65 or more to unload loose lumber one piece at a time '' , says James Wright of Aj . +5 . +

+

Lumber dealers and lumber manufacturers have agreed on a standard unit for unitized shipments -- 48'' '' wide by a nominal 30'' '' high ( or six McCracken packets 24'' '' wide by nominal 7'' '' high ) . +These units make it easy to load as much as 48,000 bd/ft ( say 120,000 lb in a 50' box car ) much more than the average for loose-loaded cars . +6 . +

+

The railroads have responded by adding 20,000 more box cars with doors 12' or wider for forklift unloading ( a 21% increase while the total number of box cars was falling 6% ) and by cutting their freight rates twice on lumber shipped in heavily loaded cars . +First was a 1958 cut of more than 50% on that portion of the load in excess of 40,000 lb ; ; +later came a 1961 cut on the West Coast ( still pending elsewhere ) of $.07/cwt on 70,000 lb-plus carloads ( which works out to more than $4/mbf on that portion of the load in excess of 70,000 lb . +7 . +

+

More unitized lumber is being shipped on flat cars , and NLRDA studies show that flat cars loaded with the new Type 6-B floating-load method can be unloaded for as little as $.054/mbf . +For long hauls these shipments should be protected with water-proof paper . +This costs from $.75 to $2.30/mbf , but the cover can pay off if the lumber is to be stored in the open . +These carriers cut handling costs for the dealer -- and the builder +. +Says NRLDA's James Wright : `` Since 1958 carriers that move material from the yard to the job site have undergone more radical changes than any of the dealer's other equipment '' . +

+

The reason : today's components and lumber packages are far too bulky to be handled by a truckdriver and a helper . +So manufacturers have pioneered a new type of vehicle -- the self-unloading carrier . +It cuts the lumber dealer's cost because it takes only one man -- the driver -- to unload it , and because it unloads in a fraction of the time and at a fraction of the cost of hand unloading . +And it helps the builder because it can handle a more efficiently packaged load , can deliver it to the best spot ( in some cases , right on the roof or inside the house ) , and never takes any of the builder's high-priced labor to help unload it . +

+

Says Wright : `` Our survey shows that one third of the retail dealers plan to increase the mechanization of their materials handling in the coming two years . +And most of the gain will be in self-unloading vehicles '' . +

+

New rule no. 4 : : +Restudy what your men do , to help them waste less of the time you pay for +. +Half the manhours you pay for on most jobs are wasted because the job was not planned right , so the right tools were not handy at the right place at the right time , or the right materials were not delivered to the handiest spots or materials were not stacked in the right order for erection , or you bought cheap materials that took too long to fit , or your workmen had to come back twice to finish a job they could have done on one trip . +

+

Even `` America's most efficient builder '' , Bob Schmitt of Berea , hopes to cut his labor costs another $2,000 per house as a result of the time-&-motion studies now being completed on his operation by industrial efficiency engineers from the Stanley Works . +Already this study has suggested ways to cut his foundation manhours from 170 to 105 by eliminating idle time and wasted motion . +

+

Builder Eddie Carr of Washington , past president of NAHB , cut his bricklaying costs $150 a house by adopting the `` SCR masonry process '' worked out after careful time-&-motion studies by the Structural Clay Products Research Foundation to help bricklayers do better work for less . +A midwestern builder cut his labor costs per thousand bricks from $81 to $43.50 by adopting this same process , cut them another $7.50 to $36 by buying his bricks in convenient , easy-to-spot 100-brick packages . +The SCR process , with its precision corner-posts , its precision guide lines , its working level scaffold , and its hand-level brick supply takes eight manhours to get set , but once ready it makes it easy for bricklayers to lay a thousand bricks a day . +See page 156 . +

+

One good way to cut your labor waste is to make sure you are using just the right number of men in each crew . +Reports Jim Lendrum : `` By studying men on the job , we found that two men -- a carpenter and a helper -- can lay a floor faster than three . +We found that three men -- two carpenters and a helper -- can put up wall panels or trusses more economically than four men -- because four men don't make two teams ; ; +they make one inefficient three-men-and-a-helper team . +We found that wherever you can use two teams on a job , five men , not four , is the magic number '' . +

+

No house was ever built that could not have been built better for less if the work had been better planned and the work better scheduled . +

+

New rule no. 5 : : +Don't waste any $.10-a-minute time on green lumber to save $.03 a stud +

+

This is the most penny-wise , pound-foolish chisel a builder can commit . +

+

Green lumber was all very well back in the days of wet plaster , when the framing lumber was bound to swell and then shrink as tons of water dried out the gypsum . +But now that all production builders build with drywall and all smart builders build with panels , green lumber is an anachronism you cannot afford . +

+

Green studs cost about $.65 ; ; +dry studs cost less than $.03 more . +So if a green stud makes a carpenter or a drywall finisher or anybody else waste even 20 seconds , the green stud becomes more expensive than a dry stud . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f13.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f13.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ddca1e8b0d0adc3ec7c3121050e7745ee3552d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f13.xml @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +Sample F13 from Orlin J. Scoville, Part-Time Farming + Farmers Buletin No. 2178. United States Department of Agriculture, + December, 1961, Pp.2-3,5-7 0010-1780 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,076 wordsF13

Orlin J. Scoville, Part-Time Farming + Farmers Buletin No. 2178. United States Department of Agriculture, + December, 1961, Pp.2-3,5-7 0010-1780 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: labor-saving [0140]Typographical Error: sometime [for sometimes] [0520]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Farming is confining . +The farmer's life must be arranged to meet the demands of crops and livestock . +

+

Livestock must be tended every day , routinely . +A slight change in the work schedule may cut the production of cows or chickens . +

+

Even if there are no livestock , the farmer cannot leave the farm for long periods , particularly during the growing season . +

+

The worker who lives on a farm cannot change jobs readily . +He cannot leave the farm to take work in another locality on short notice ; ; +such a move may mean a loss of capital . +

+

Hard physical labor and undesirable hours are a part of life . +The farmer must get up early , and , at times , work late at night . +Frequently he must work long hours in the hot sun or cold rain . +No matter how well work is planned , bad weather or unexpected setbacks can cause extra work that must be caught up . +

+

It may not be profitable for a part-time farmer to own the labor-saving machinery that a full-time farmer can invest in profitably . +

+

Production may fall far below expectations . +Drought , hail , disease , and insects take their toll of crops . +Sickness or loss of some of the livestock may cut into the owner's earnings , even into his capital . +

+

Returns for money and labor invested may be small even in a good year . +

+

The high cost of land , supplies , and labor make it difficult to farm profitably on a part-time basis . +Land within commuting distance of a growing city is usually high in price , higher if it has subdivision possibilities . +Part-time farmers generally must pay higher prices for supplies than full-time farmers because they buy in smaller quantities . +If the farm is in an industrial area where wages are high , farm labor costs will also be high . +

+

A part-time farmer needs unusual skill to get as high production per hen , per cow , or per acre as can be obtained by a competent full-time farmer . +It will frequently be uneconomical for him to own the most up-to-date equipment . +He may have to depend upon custom service for specialized operations , such as spraying or threshing , and for these , he may have to wait his turn . +There will be losses caused by emergencies that arise while he is away at his off-farm job . +

+

The farm may be an additional burden if the main job is lost . +This may be true whether the farm is owned or rented . +

+

If the farm is rented , the rent must be paid . +If it is owned , taxes must be paid , and if the place is not free of mortgage , there will be interest and payments on the principal to take care of . +Advantages +

+

A farm provides a wholesome and healthful environment for children . +It gives them room to play and plenty of fresh air . +The children can do chores adapted to their age and ability . +Caring for a calf , a pig , or some chickens develops in children a sense of responsibility for work . +

+

Part-time farming gives a measure of security if the regular job is lost , provided the farm is owned free of debt and furnishes enough income to meet fixed expenses and minimum living costs . +

+

For some retired persons , part-time farming is a good way to supplement retirement income . +It is particularly suitable for those who need to work or exercise out of doors for their health . +

+

Generally , the same level of living costs less in the country than in the city . +The savings are not as great , however , as is sometime supposed . +Usually , the cost of food and shelter will be somewhat less on the farm and the cost of transportation and utilities somewhat more . +Where schools , fire and police protection , and similar municipal services are of equal quality in city and country , real estate taxes are usually about the same . +

+

A part-time farmer and his family can use their spare time profitably . +

+

Some persons consider the work on a farm recreational . +For some white-collar workers it is a welcome change from the regular job , and a physical conditioner . +

+

Land , labor , and equipment needed +Part-time farming can take comparatively little land , labor , and equipment -- or a great deal . +It depends on the kind and the scale of the farming operation . +

+

General requirements for land , labor , and equipment are discussed below . +Specific requirements for each of various types of enterprises are discussed on pages 8 to 14 . +Land +Three quarters to 1 acre of good land is enough for raising fruits and vegetables for home use , and for a small flock of chickens , a cow , and two pigs . +You could not , of course , raise feed for the livestock on a plot this small . +

+

If you want to raise feed or carry out some enterprise on a larger scale , you'll need more land . +

+

In deciding how much land you want , take into account the amount you'll need to bring in the income you expect . +But consider also how much you and your family can keep up along with your other work . +The cost of land and the prospects for appreciation in value may influence your decision . +Some part-time farmers buy more land than they need in anticipation of suburban development . +This is a highly speculative venture . +

+

Sometimes a desired acreage is offered only as part of a larger tract . +When surplus land is not expensive to buy or to keep up , it is usually better to buy it than to buy so small an acreage that the development of adjoining properties might impair the residential value of the farm . +Labor +If you have a year-round , full-time job you can't expect to grow much more than your family uses -- unless other members of the family do a good deal of the work or you hire help . +As a rule , part-time farmers hire little help . +

+

In deciding on the enterprises to be managed by family labor , compare the amount of labor that can be supplied by the family with the labor needs of various enterprises listed in table 1 . +

+

List the number of hours the family can be expected to work each month . +You may want to include your own regular vacation period if you have one . +Do not include all your spare time or all your family's spare time -- only what you are willing to use for farm work . +Equipment +If you are going to produce for home use only , you will need only hand tools . +You will probably want to hire someone to do the plowing , however . +

+

For larger plantings , you'll need some kind of power for plowing , harrowing , disking , and cultivating . +If you have a planting of half an acre or more you may want to buy a small garden tractor ( available for $300 to $500 with attachments , 1960 prices ) . +These tractors are not entirely satisfactory for plowing , particularly on heavier soils , so you may still want to hire someone to do the plowing . +

+

Cost of power and machinery is often a serious problem to the small-scale farmer . +If you are going to farm for extra cash income on a part-time basis you must keep in mind the needed machinery investments when you choose among farm enterprises . +

+

You can keep your machinery investment down by buying good secondhand machinery , by sharing the cost and upkeep of machinery with a neighbor , and by hiring someone with machinery to do certain jobs . +If an expensive and specialized piece of machinery is needed -- such as a spray rig , a combine , or a binder -- it is better to pay someone with a machine to do the work . +

+

Selecting a farm +Before you look for a farm you'll need to know ( 1 ) the kind and scale of farming you want to undertake ; ; +and ( 2 ) whether you want to buy or rent . +

+

Information on pages 8 to 14 may help you in deciding on the kind and scale of your farming venture . +

+

If you are not well acquainted with the area in which you wish to locate , or if you are not sure that you and your family will like and make a success of farming , usually you would do better to rent a place for a year or two before you buy . +

+

Discussed below are some of the main things to look for when you select a part-time farm . +Location +nearness to work . +-- +Choose a location within easy commuting distance of both the regular job and other employment opportunities . +Then if you change jobs you won't necessarily have to sell the farm . +The presence of alternative job opportunities also will make the place easier to sell if that should become desirable . +

+

Obviously the farm should be on an all-weather road . +Nearness to markets . +-- +If you grow anything to sell you will need markets nearby . +If you plan to sell fresh vegetables or whole milk , for example , you should be close to a town or city . +Kind of neighborhood . +-- +Look for a farm in a neighborhood of well-kept homes . +There are slums in the country as well as in the city . +Few rural areas are protected by zoning . +A tavern , filling station , junk yard , rendering plant , or some other business may go up near enough to hurt your home or to hurt its value . +Facilities in the area . +-- +Check on the schools in the area , the quality of teaching , and the provision for transportation to and from them . +

+

Find out whether fire protection , sewage system , gas , water mains , and electrical lines are available in the locality . +If these facilities are not at the door , getting them may cost more than you expect . +You may have to provide them yourself or get along without them . +

+

You cannot get along without an adequate supply of pure water . +If you are considering a part-time farm where the water must be provided by a well , find out if there is a good well on the farm or the probable cost of having one drilled . +A pond may provide adequate water for livestock and garden . +Pond water can be filtered for human use , but most part-time farmers would not want to go to so much trouble . +The following amounts of water are needed per day for livestock and domestic uses . +Topography and soil +Is the land suited to the crops you intend to raise ? ? +If you can't tell , get help from your county agricultural agent or other local specialist . +Soil type , drainage , or degree of slope can make the difference between good crops and poor ones . +Small areas that aren't right for a certain crop may lie next to areas that are well suited to that crop . +The house +Will the house on any part-time farm you are considering make a satisfactory full-time residence ? ? +How much will it cost to do any necessary modernizing and redecorating ? ? +If the house is not wired adequately for electricity or if plumbing or a central heating system must be installed , check into the cost of making these improvements . +

+

Buying a farm +The value of the farm to you will depend on -- +Its worth as a place to live . +

+

The value of the products you can raise on it . +

+

The possibilities of selling the property later on for suburban subdivision . +

+

Decide first what the place is worth to you and your family as a home in comparison with what it would cost to live in town . +Take into account the difference in city and county taxes , insurance rates , utility rates , and the cost of travel to work . +

+

Next , estimate the value of possible earnings of the farm . +To do this , set up a plan on paper for operating the farm . +List the kind and quantity of things the farm can be expected to produce in an average year . +Estimate the value of the produce at normal prices . +The total is the probably gross income from farming . +

+

To find estimated net farm income , subtract estimated annual farming expenditures from probable gross income from farming . +Include as expenditures an allowance for depreciation of farm buildings and equipment . +Also count as an expense a charge for the labor to be contributed by the family . +It may be hard to decide what this labor is worth , but charge something for it . +Otherwise , you may pay too much for the farm and get nothing for your labor . +

+

To figure the value of the farm in terms of investment income , divide the estimated annual net farm income by the percentage that you could expect to get in interest if the money were invested in some other way . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f46.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f46.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9c859dd441987f5249e7b6b671c1a27da0b32abd --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f46.xml @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +Sample F46 from Russell Baker, An American in Washington + New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961. Pp. 118-127 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,018 words 94 (4.7%) quotes 1 symbolF46

Used by permission 0010-1920

 Russell Baker, An American in Washington + New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961. Pp. 118-127 +

Typographical Error: Uncle's Sam's [0260]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

They would not be pleased to have it published back home that they planned a frolic in Paris or Hong Kong at the Treasury's expense . +They would be particularly displeased with the State Department if it were the source of such reports . +Few things are more perilous for the State Department than a displeased congressman . +

+

The reason for this bears explaining for those who may wonder why State spends so much of its diplomatic energy on Congress when the Russians are so available . +First , the State Department is unique among government agencies for its lack of public supporters . +The farmers may be aroused if Congress cuts into the Agriculture Department's budget . +Businessmen will rise if Congress attacks the Commerce Department . +Labor restrains undue brutality toward the Labor Department ; ; +the Chamber of Commerce , assaults upon the Treasury . +A kaleidoscope of pressure groups make it unpleasant for the congressman who becomes ugly toward the Department of Health , Education , and Welfare . +The congressman's patriotism is always involved when he turns upon the Defense Department . +Tampering with the Post Office may infuriate every voter who can write . +

+

With all these agencies , the congressman must constantly check the political wind and trim his sails accordingly . +No such political restraint subdues his blood when he gazes upon the State Department in anger . +

+

In many sections he may even reap applause from press and public for giving it a good lesson . +After all , the money dispensed by State goes not to the farmer , the laborer , or the businessman , but to foreigners . +Not only do these foreigners not vote for American congressmen ; ; +they are also probably ungrateful for Uncle's Sam's bounty . +And are not the State Department men who dispense this largesse merely crackpots and do-gooders who have never met a payroll ? ? +Will not the righteous congressman be cheered at the polls if he reminds them to get right with America and if he saves the taxpayer some money by spoiling a few of their schemes ? ? +The chances are excellent that he will . +

+

The result is that the State Department's perpetual position before Congress is the resigned pose of the whipping boy who expects to be kicked whenever the master has had a dyspeptic outing with his wife . +People in this position do not offend the master by relating his peccadilloes to the newspapers . +State keeps the junketeering list a secret . +

+

The Department expects and receives no thanks from Congress for its discretion . +Congress is a harsh master . +State is expected to arrange the touring Cicero's foreign itinerary ; ; +its embassies are expected to supply him with reams of local money to pay his way ; ; +embassy workers are expected to entertain him according to his whim , frequently with their savings for the children's college tuition . +

+

But come the next session of Congress , State can expect only that its summer guest will bite its hand when it goes to the Capitol asking money for diplomatic entertaining expenses abroad or for living expenses for its diplomats . +The congressman who , in Paris , may have stuffed his wallet with enough franc notes to paper the roof of Notre-Dame will systematically scream that a $200 increase in entertainment allowance for a second secretary is tantamount to debauchery of the Treasury . +

+

In the matter of money State's most unrelenting watchdog during the Eisenhower years was Representative John J. Rooney , of Brooklyn , who controlled the purse for diplomatic administrative expenses . +Diplomats stayed up nights thinking of ways to attain peaceful coexistence , not with Nikita Khrushchev , but with John Rooney . +Nothing worked . +In the most confidential whispers ambassadors told of techniques they had tried to bring Rooney around -- friendly persuasion , groveling abasement , pressure subtly exerted through other powerful congressmen , tales of heartbreak and penury among a threadbare diplomatic corps . +Rooney remained untouched . +

+

`` The trouble , '' explained Loy Henderson , then Deputy Undersecretary for Administration , `` is that when we get into an argument with him about this thing , it always turns out that Rooney knows more about our budget than we do '' . +

+

One year the Department collected a file of case histories to document its argument that men in the field were paying the government's entertainment bills out of personal income . +News of the project reached the press . +Next day , reports went through the Department that Rooney had been outraged by what he considered a patent attempt to put public pressure on him for increased entertainment allowances and had sworn an oath that , that year , expense allowances would not rise a dollar . +They didn't . +

+

The Department's constant fight with the House for money is a polite minuet compared with its periodic bloody engagements with the Senate . +Armed with constitutional power to negate the Executive's foreign policy , the Senate carries a big stick and is easily provoked to use it on the State Department's back , or on the head of the Secretary of State . +

+

With its power to investigate , the Senate can paralyze the Secretary by keeping him in a state of perpetual testimony before committees , as it did with Dean Acheson . +John Foster Dulles escaped by keeping his personal show on the road and because Lyndon Johnson , who was then operating the Senate , refused to let it become an Inquisition . +During Dulles's first two years in office , while Republicans ran the Senate , the Department was at the mercy of men who had thirsted for its blood since 1945 . +

+

An internal police operation managed by Scott McLeod , a former F.B.I. man installed as security officer upon congressional insistence , was part of the vengeance . +So was the attack upon Charles E. Bohlen when Eisenhower appointed him Ambassador to Moscow . +The principal mauler , however , was Senator Joseph McCarthy . +Where Acheson had fought a gallant losing battle for the Department , Dulles fed the crocodile with his subordinates . +Fretting privately but eschewing public defense of his terrorized bureaucrats , Dulles remained serene and detached while the hatchet men had their way . +

+

In view of Eisenhower's reluctance to concede that anything was amiss in the Terror , it is doubtful that heroic intervention by Dulles could have produced anything but disaster for him and the country's foreign policy . +In any event , the example of Acheson's trampling by the Senate did not encourage Dulles to provoke it . +He elected to `` get along '' . +

+

During this dark chapter in State Department history , men who had offered foreign-policy ideas later proven wrong by events filled the tumbrels sent up to Capitol Hill . +Their old errors of judgment were equated , in the curious logic of the time , with present treasonous intent . +Their successors , absorbing the lesson , made it a point to have few ideas . +

+

This , in turn , brought a new fashion in senatorial criticism as the Democrats took control . +In the new style , the Department was berated as intellectually barren and unable to produce the vital ideas needed to outwit the Russians . +For three or four years in the mid-1950's , this complaint was heard rumbling up from the Senate floor whenever there was a dull legislative afternoon . +It became smart to say that the fault was with Dulles because he would not countenance thinking done by anyone but himself . +

+

An equally tenable thesis is that the dearth of new thought was created by the Senate's own penchant for crucifying anyone whose ideas seem unorthodox to the next generation . +

+

Getting along with foreigners +there are ninety-eight foreign embassies and legations in Washington . +They range from the Soviet Embassy on Sixteenth Street , a gray shuttered pile suggesting a funeral-accessories display house , to what Congressman Rooney has called `` that monstrosity on Thirty-fourth Street '' , the modern cement-and-glass chancery of the Belgians . +

+

Here is the world of the chauffeured limousine and the gossip reporter , of caviar on stale crackers and the warm martini , of the poseur , the spy , the party crasher , and the patriot , of the rented tails , the double cross , and the tired Lothario . +

+

Into its chanceries each day pour reports from ministries around the earth and an endless stream of home-office instructions on how to handle Uncle Sam in an infinite variety of contingencies . +Here are hatched plans for getting a share of the American bounty , the secret of the anti-missile missile , or an invitation to dinner . +Out of it each week go hundreds of thousands of words purporting to inform home ministries about what is really happening inside Washington . +Some , like the British and the French , maintain an elaborate system of personal contacts and have experts constantly studying special areas of the American scene . +Other embassies cable home The New York Times without changing a comma . +

+

Each has its peculiar style . +The Soviet Embassy is popularly regarded as Russian espionage headquarters . +When Ambassador Mikhail Menshikov took it over in 1957 from Georgi Zaroubin , he made a determined effort to change this idea . +Menshikov hit Washington with a TV announcer's grin and a hearty handclasp . +To everyone's astonishment he seemed no more like the run-of-the-mine Russian ambassador than George Babbitt was like Fyodor Pavlovitch Karamazov . +

+

Where his predecessors had glowered , Menshikov smiled . +Where they had affected the bleak social style of embalmers' assistants , Menshikov went abroad gorgeous in white tie and tails . +Overnight he became the most available man in Washington . +Speeches by the Soviet ambassador became the vogue as he obliged rural Maryland Rotarians and National Press Club alike . +In Senator Joseph McCarthy's phrase , it was the most unheard-of thing ever heard of . +A newspaperman who met him at a reception swore that he asked Menshikov : `` What should we call you '' ? ? +And that Menshikov replied : `` Just call me Mike '' . +

+

`` Smilin' Mike '' was the sobriquet Washington gave him . +His English was usable and he used it fearlessly . +Toasting in champagne one night at the embassy , he hoisted his glass to a senator's wife and gaily cried : `` Up your bottom '' ! ! +For a few giddy months that coincided with one of Moscow's smiling moods , he was the sensation of Washington . +At the State Department , hard-bitten Russian experts complained that the Capitol was out of its wits . +Newspaper punditry was inspired to remind everyone that Judas , too , had been able to smile . +

+

The Menshikov interlude ended as larks with the Russians usually end . +Finding peaceful coexistence temporarily unsuitable because of domestic politics , Moscow resumed scowling and `` Smilin' Mike '' dropped quietly out of the press except for an occasional story reporting that he had been stoned somewhere in the Middle West . +

+

The most inscrutable embassies are the Arabs' , and the most inscrutable of the Arabs are the Saudi Arabians . +When King Saud visited Washington , the overwhelming question consuming the press was the size of his family . +Rumor had it that his children numbered in the hundreds . +The State Department was little help on this , or on much else about Saudi Arabia . +A reporter who consulted a Middle East Information officer for routine vital statistics got nowhere until the State Department man produced from his bottom desk drawer a brochure published by the Arabian-American Oil Company . +`` This is where I get my information from '' , he confided . +`` But bring it right back . +It's the only copy I've got '' . +

+

The size of Saud's family was still being debated when the King appeared for his first meeting with Eisenhower . +When it ended , a dusky sheik in desert robes flowed into Hagerty's office to report on the interview . +The massed reporters brushed aside the customary bromides about Saudi-American friendship to bore in on the central question . +How many children did the King have ? ? +

+

`` Twenty-one '' , replied the sheik . +

+

And how many of these were sons ? ? +

+

`` Twenty-five '' , the sheik replied . +

+

`` Do you mean to tell us '' , a reporter asked , `` that the King has twenty-one children , twenty-five of whom are sons '' ? ? +

+

The sheik smiled and murmured : `` That is precisely correct '' . +

+

The Egyptians are noted for elusiveness of language . +When Dag Hammarskjold was negotiating the Middle East peace after Israel's 1956 invasion of Egypt , he soon found himself speaking the mysterious phrases of Cairo , a language as anarchic as Casey Stengel's . +The reports of President Nasser's pledges which Hammarskjold was relaying from Cairo to Washington became increasingly incomprehensible to other diplomats , including the Israeli Foreign Minister , Mrs. Golda Meir . +Finally he reported that Nasser was ready to make a concrete commitment in return for Israeli concessions . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g04.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g04.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed1edcdd631881ff5e09e1ce0b6d0733931af59e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g04.xml @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +Sample G04 from Eugene Burdick, "The Invisible Aborigine" + Harper's Magazine, 223:1336 (September, 1961), 70-72 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,074 words 299 (14.4%) quotesG04

Copyright 1961 by Eugene Burdick. Used by permission 0010-1690

 Eugene Burdick, "The Invisible Aborigine" + Harper's Magazine, 223:1336 (September, 1961), 70-72 +

Note: Australian words [0750, 0990, 1330, 1640]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Suddenly , however , their posture changed and the game ended . +They went as rigid as black statuary six figures , lean and tall and angular , went still . +Their heads were in the air sniffing . +They all swung at the same instant in the same direction . +They saw it before I did , even with my binoculars . +It was nothing more than a tiny distant rain squall , a dull gray sheet which reached from a layer of clouds to the earth . +In the 360 degrees of horizon it obscured only a degree , no more . +A white man would not have seen it . +The aborigines fastened upon it with a concentration beyond pathos . +Watching , they waited until the squall thickened and began to move in a long drifting slant across the dry burning land . +At once the whole band set off at a lope . +They were chasing a rain cloud . +

+

They went after the squall as mercilessly as a wolf pack after an abandoned cow . +I followed them in the jeep and now they did not care . +The games were over , this was life . +Occasionally , for no reason that I could see , they would suddenly alter the angle of their trot . +Sometimes I guessed it was because the rain squall had changed direction . +Sometimes it was to skirt a gulley . +Their gait is impossible to convey in words . +It has nothing of the proud stride of the trained runner about it , it is not a lope , it is not done with style or verve . +It is the gait of the human who must run to live : arms dangling , legs barely swinging over the ground , head hung down and only occasionally swinging up to see the target , a loose motion that is just short of stumbling and yet is wonderfully graceful . +It is a barely controlled skimming of the ground . +

+

They ran for three hours . +Finally , avoiding hummocks and seeking low ground , they intercepted the rain squall . +For ten minutes they ran beneath the squall , raising their arms and , for the first time , shouting and capering . +Then the wind died and the rain squall held steady . +They were studying the ground . +Suddenly one of them shouted , ran a few feet , bent forward and put his mouth to the ground . +He had found a depression with rain water in it . +He bent down , a black cranelike figure , and put his mouth to the ground . +

+

With a lordly and generous gesture , the discoverer stood up and beckoned to the closest of his fellows . +The other trotted over and swooped at the tiny puddle . +In an instant he had sucked it dry . +

+

The aborigine lives on the cruelest land I have ever seen . +Which does not mean that it is ugly . +Part of it is , of course . +There are thousands of square miles of salt pan which are hideous . +They are huge areas which have been swept by winds for so many centuries that there is no soil left , but only deep bare ridges fifty or sixty yards apart with ravines between them thirty or forty feet deep and the only thing that moves is a scuttling layer of sand . +Such stretches have an inhuman moonlike quality . +But much of the land which the aborigine wanders looks as if it should be hospitable . +It is softened by the saltbush and the bluebush , has a peaceful quality , the hills roll softly . +

+

The malignancy of such a landscape has been beautifully described by the Australian Charles Bean . +He tells of three men who started out on a trip across a single paddock , a ten-by-ten-mile square owned by a sheep grazer . +They went well-equipped with everything except knowledge of the `` outback '' country . +

+

The countryside looked like a beautiful open park with gentle slopes and soft gray tree-clumps . +Nothing appalling or horrible rushed upon these men . +Only there happened -- nothing . +There might have been a pool of cool water behind any of these tree-clumps : only -- there was not . +It might have rained , any time ; ; +only -- it did not . +There might have been a fence or a house just over the next rise ; ; +only -- there was not . +They lay , with the birds hopping from branch to branch above them and the bright sky peeping down at them . +No one came '' . +

+

The white men died . +And countless others like them have died . +Even today range riders will come upon mummified bodies of men who attempted nothing more difficult than a twenty-mile hike and slowly lost direction , were tortured by the heat , driven mad by the constant and unfulfilled promise of the landscape , and who finally died . +

+

The aborigine is not deceived ; ; +he knows that the land is hard and pitiless . +He knows that the economy of life in the `` outback '' is awful . +There is no room for error or waste . +Any organism that falters or misperceives the signals or weakens is done . +I do not know if such a way of life can come to be a self-conscious challenge , but I suspect that it can . +Perhaps this is what gives the aborigine his odd air of dignity . +

+

The family at the boulder +seeing an aborigine today is a difficult thing . +Many of them have drifted into the cities and towns and seaports . +Others are confined to vast reservations , and not only does the Australian government justifiably not wish them to be viewed as exhibits in a zoo , but on their reservations they are extremely fugitive , shunning camps , coming together only for corroborees at which their strange culture comes to its highest pitch -- which is very low indeed . +

+

I persuaded an Australian friend who had lived `` outback '' for years to take me to see some aborigines living in the bush . +It was a difficult and ambiguous kind of negotiation , even though the rancher was said to be expert in his knowledge of the aborigines and their language . +Finally , however , the arrangements were made and we drove out into the bush in a Land Rover . +We followed the asphalt road for a few miles and then swung off onto a smaller road which was nothing more than two tire marks on the earth . +The rancher went a mile down this road and then , when he reached a big red boulder , swung off the road . +At once he started to glance toward the instrument panel . +It took me a moment to realize what was odd about that panel : there was a gimbaled compass welded to it , which rocked gently back and forth as the Land Rover bounced about . +The rancher was navigating his way across the flatland . +

+

`` Do you always navigate like this '' ? ? +I asked . +

+

`` Damned right '' , he said . +`` Once I get out on the flat I do . +Some chaps that know an area well can make their way by landmarks , a tree here , a wash here , a boulder there . +But if you don't know the place like the palm of your hand , you'd better use a compass and the speedometer . +Two miles northeast , then five miles southwest that sort of thing . +Very simple '' . +

+

He was right . +The landscape kept repeating itself . +I would try to memorize landmarks and saw in a half-hour that it was hopeless . +Finally we approached the bivouac of the aborigines . +They were camped beside a large column-shaped boulder : a man , his lubra , and two children . +The sun was not yet high and all of them were in the small area of shade cast by the boulder . +

+

There was also a dog , a dingo dog . +Its ribs showed , it was a yellow nondescript color , it suffered from a variety of sores , hair had scabbed off its body in patches . +It lay with its head on its paws and only its eyes moving , watching us carefully . +It struck me as a very bright and very malnourished dog . +No one patted the dog . +It was not a pet . +It was a worker . +

+

`` The buggers love shade '' , the rancher said . +`` I suppose because it saves them some loss of body water . +They'll move around that rock all day , following the shade . +During the hottest part of the day , of course , the sun comes straight down and there isn't any shade '' . +

+

We drove close to the boulder , stopped the Land Rover , and walked over toward the family . +

+

The man was leaning against the rock . +He gazed away from us as we approached . +He was over six feet tall and very thin . +His legs were narrow and very long . +Every bone and muscle in his body showed , but he did not give the appearance of starving . +He had long black hair and a wispy beard . +The ridges over his eyes were huge and his eyelids were half shut . +There was something about his face that disturbed me and it took several seconds to realize what . +It was not merely that flies were crawling over his face but his narrowed eyelids did not blink when the flies crawled into his eye sockets . +A fly would crawl down the bulging forehead , into the socket of the eye , walk along the man's lashes and across the wet surface of the eyeball , and the eye did not blink . +The Australian and I both were wearing insect repellent and were not badly bothered by insects , but my eyes watered as we stood watching the aborigine . +

+

I turned to look at the lubra . +She remained squatting on her heels all the time we were there ; ; +like the man , she was entirely naked . +Her long thin arms moved in a slow rhythmical gesture over the family possessions which were placed in front of her . +There were two rubbing sticks for making fire , two stones shaped roughly like knives , a woven-root container which held a few pounds of dried worms and the dead body of some rodent . +There was also a long wooden spear and a woomera , a spear-throwing device which gives the spear an enormous velocity and high accuracy . +There was also a boomerang , elaborately carved . +Everything was burnished with sweat and grease so that all of the objects seemed to have been carved from the same material and to be ageless . +

+

The two children , both boys , wandered around the Australian and me for a few moments and then returned to their work . +They squatted on their heels with their heads bent far forward , their eyes only a few inches from the ground . +They had located the runway of a colony of ants and as the ants came out of the ground , the boys picked them up , one at a time , and pinched them dead . +The tiny bodies , dropped onto a dry leaf , made a pile as big as a small apple . +

+

The odor here was more powerful than that which surrounded the town aborigines . +The smell at first was more surprising than unpleasant . +It was also subtly familiar , for it was the odor of the human body , but multiplied innumerable times because of the fact that the aborigines never bathed . +One's impulse is to say that the smell was a stink and unpleasant . +But that is a cliche and a dishonest one . +The smell is sexual , but so powerfully so that a civilized nose must deny it . +

+

Their skin was covered with a thin coating of sweat and dirt which had almost the consistency of a second skin . +They roll at night in ashes to keep warm and their second skin has a light dusty cast to it . +In spots such as the elbows and knees the second skin is worn off and I realized the aborigines were much darker than they appeared ; ; +as if the coating of sweat , dirt , and ashes were a cosmetic . +The boys had beautiful dark eyes and unlike their father they brushed constantly at the flies and blinked their eyes . +

+

`` That smell is something , eh , mate '' ? ? +The Australian asked . +`` They swear that every person smells different and every family smells different from every other . +At the corroborees , when they get to dancing and sweating , you'll see them rubbing up against a man who's supposed to have a specially good smell . +Idje , here '' , and he nodded at the man , `` is said to have great odor . +The stink is all the same to me , but I really think they can make one another out blindfolded '' . +

+

`` Here , Idje , you fella like tabac '' ? ? +He said sharply . +Idje still stared over our shoulders at the horizon . +The Australian stopped trying to talk a pidgin I could understand , and spoke strange words from deep in his chest . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g08.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g08.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..12ce1f409a86a0abe39294cc04f278e7b5f83b43 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g08.xml @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +Sample G08 from Frank Murphy, "New Southern Fiction: Urban or Agrarian?" + The Carolina Quarterly, 13:2 (Spring, 1961), 18-25 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,028 words 193 (9.5%) quotesG08

Used by permission0010-1900

 Frank Murphy, "New Southern Fiction: Urban or Agrarian?" + The Carolina Quarterly, 13:2 (Spring, 1961), 18-25 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: big-daddy [0200]Arbitrary No Hyphen: backwoods [1480]Note: sentence fragment quoted [1360-1380]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Tobacco Road is dead . +Long live Tobacco Road . +

+

Nostalgic Yankee readers of Erskine Caldwell are today informed by proud Georgians that Tobacco Road is buried beneath a four-lane super highway , over which travel each day suburbanite businessmen more concerned with the Dow-Jones average than with the cotton crop . +Thus we are compelled to face the urbanization of the South -- an urbanization which , despite its dramatic and overwhelming effects upon the Southern culture , has been utterly ignored by the bulk of Southern writers . +Indeed , it seems that only in today's Southern fiction does Tobacco Road , with all the traditional trimmings of sowbelly and cornbread and mint juleps , continue to live -- but only as a weary , overexploited phantom . +

+

Those writers known collectively as the `` Southern school '' have received accolades from even those critics least prone to eulogize ; ; +according to many critics , in fact , the South has led the North in literature since the Civil War , both quantitatively and qualitatively . +Such writers as William Faulkner and Robert Penn Warren have led the field of somewhat less important writers in a sort of post-bellum renaissance . +It is interesting , however , that despite this strong upsurge in Southern writing , almost none of the writers has forsaken the firmly entrenched concept of the white-suited big-daddy colonel sipping a mint julep as he silently recounts the revenue from the season's cotton and tobacco crops ; ; +of the stereotyped Negro servants chanting hymns as they plow the fields ; ; +of these and a host of other antiquated legends that deny the South its progressive leaps of the past century . +This is not to say that the South is no longer agrarian ; ; +such a statement would be the rankest form of oversimplification . +But the South is , and has been for the past century , engaged in a wide-sweeping urbanization which , oddly enough , is not reflected in its literature . +

+

In 1900 the South was only 15% urban ; ; +in 1950 it had become 47.1% urban . +In a mere half-century the South has more than tripled its urban status . +There is a New South emerging , a South losing the folksy traditions of an agrarian society with the rapidity of an avalanche -- especially within recent decades . +As the New South snowballs toward further urbanization , it becomes more and more homogeneous with the North -- a tendency which Willard Thorp terms `` Yankeefication '' , as evidenced in such cities as Charlotte , Birmingham , and Houston . +It is said that , even at the present stage of Southern urbanization , such a city as Atlanta is not distinctly unlike Columbus or Trenton . +Undoubtedly even the old Southern stalwart Richmond has felt the new wind : William Styron mentions in his latest novel an avenue named for Bankhead McGruder , a Civil War general , now renamed , in typical California fashion , `` Buena Vista Terrace '' . +The effects of television and other mass media are erasing regional dialects and localisms with a startling force . +As for progress , the `` backward South '' can boast of Baton Rouge , which increased its population between 1940 and 1950 by two hundred and sixty-two percent , to 126,000 , the second largest growth of the period for all cities over 25,000 . +

+

The field , then , is ripe for new Southerners to step to the fore and write of this twentieth-century phenomenon , the Southern Yankeefication : the new urban economy , the city-dweller , the pains of transition , the labor problems ; ; +the list is , obviously , endless . +But these sources have not been tapped . +Truman Capote is still reveling in Southern Gothicism , exaggerating the old Southern legends into something beautiful and grotesque , but as unreal as -- or even more unreal than -- yesterday . +William Styron , while facing the changing economy with a certain uneasy reluctance , insists he is not to be classified as a Southern writer and yet includes traditional Southern concepts in everything he publishes . +Even the great god Faulkner , the South's one probable contender for literary immortality , has little concerned himself with these matters ; ; +such are simply not within his bounded province . +

+

Where are the writers to treat these changes ? ? +Has the agrarian tradition become such an addiction that the switch to urbanism is somehow dreaded or unwanted ? ? +Perhaps present writers hypnotically cling to the older order because they consider it useful and reliable through repeated testings over the decades . +Lacking the pioneer spirit necessary to write of a new economy , these writers seem to be contenting themselves with an old one that is now as defunct as Confederate money . +

+

An example of the changes which have crept over the Southern region may be seen in the Southern Negro's quest for a position in the white-dominated society , a problem that has been reflected in regional fiction especially since 1865 . +Today the Negro must discover his role in an industrialized South , which indicates that the racial aspect of the Southern dilemma hasn't changed radically , but rather has gradually come to be reflected in this new context , this new coat of paint . +The Negro faces as much , if not more , difficulty in fitting himself into an urban economy as he did in an agrarian one . +This represents a gradual change in an ever-present social problem . +But there have been abrupt changes as well : the sit-ins , the picket lines , the bus strikes -- all of these were unheard-of even ten years ago . +Today's evidence , such as the fact that only three Southern states ( South Carolina , Alabama and Mississippi ) still openly defy integration , would have astounded many of yesterday's Southerners into speechlessness . +

+

Other examples of gradual changes that have affected the Negro have been his moving up , row by row , in the buses ; ; +his requesting , and often getting , higher wages , better working conditions , better schools -- changes that were slowly emerging even before the Supreme Court decision of 1954 . +Then came this decision , which sped the process of gaining equality ( or perhaps hindered it ; ; +only historical evolution will determine which ) : an abrupt change . +

+

Since 1954 the Negro's desire for social justice has led to an ironically anarchical rebellion . +He has frequently refused to move from white lunch counters , refused to obey local laws which he considers unjust , while in other cases he has appealed to federal laws . +This bold self-assertion , after decades of humble subservience , is indeed a twentieth-century phenomenon , an abrupt change in the Southern way of existence . +A new order is thrusting itself into being . +A new South is emerging after the post-bellum years of hesitation , uncertainty , and lack of action from the Negro in defining his new role in the amorphously defined socio-political organizations of the white man . +

+

The modern Negro has not made a decisive debut into Southern fiction . +It is clear that , while most writers enjoy picturing the Negro as a woolly-headed , humble old agrarian who mutters `` yassuhs '' and `` sho' nufs '' with blissful deference to his white employer ( or , in Old South terms , `` massuh '' ) , this stereotype is doomed to become in reality as obsolete as Caldwell's Lester . +While there may still be many Faulknerian Lucas Beauchamps scattered through the rural South , such men appear to be a vanishing breed . +Writers openly admit that the Negro is easier to write than the white man ; ; +but they obviously mean by this , not a Negro personality , but a Negro type . +Presenting an individualized Negro character , it would seem , is one of the most difficult assignments a Southern writer could tackle ; ; +and the success of such an endeavor is , as suggested above , glaringly rare . +

+

Just as the Negro situation points up the gradual and abrupt changes affecting Southern life , it also points up the non-representation of urbanism in Southern literature . +The book concerned with the Negro's role in an urban society is rare indeed ; ; +recently only Keith Wheeler's novel , Peaceable Lane , has openly faced the problem . +

+

All but the most rabid of Confederate flag wavers admit that the Old Southern tradition is defunct in actuality and sigh that its passing was accompanied by the disappearance of many genteel and aristocratic traditions of the reputedly languid ante-bellum way of life . +Many earlier writers , mourning the demise of the old order , tended to romanticize and exaggerate this `` gracious Old South '' imagery , creating such lasting impressions as Margaret Mitchell's `` Tara '' Plantation . +Modern writers , who are supposed to keep their fingers firmly upon the pulse of their subjects , insist upon drawing out this legend , prolonging its burial , when it well deserves a rest after the overexploitation of the past century . +Perhaps these writers have been too deeply moved by this romanticizing ; ; +but they can hardly deny that , exaggerated or not , the old panorama is dead . +As John T. Westbrook says in his article , `` Twilight Of Southern Regionalism '' ( Southwest Review , Winter 1957 ) : `` The miasmal mausoleum where an Old South , already too minutely autopsied in prose and poetry , should be left to rest in peace , forever dead and ( let us fervently hope ) forever done with '' . +

+

Westbrook further bemoans the Southern writers' creation of an unreal image of their homeland , which is too readily assimilated by both foreign readers and visiting Yankees : `` Our northerner is suspicious of all this crass evidence ( of urbanization ) presented to his senses . +It bewilders and befuddles him . +He is too deeply steeped in William Faulkner and Robert Penn Warren . +The fumes of progress are in his nose and the bright steel of industry towers before his eyes , but his heart is away in Yoknapatawpha County with razorback hogs and night riders . +On this trip to the South he wants , above all else , to sniff the effluvium of backwoods-and-sand-hill subhumanity and to see at least one barn burn at midnight '' . +Obviously , such a Northern tourist's purpose is somewhat akin to a child's experience with Disneyland : he wants to see a world of make-believe . +

+

In the meantime , while the South has been undergoing this phenomenal modernization that is so disappointing to the curious Yankee , Southern writers have certainly done little to reflect and promote their region's progress . +Willard Thorp , in his new book , American Writing In The Twentieth Century , observes , quite validly it seems : `` Certain subjects are conspicuously absent or have been only lightly touched . +No Southern novelist has done for Atlanta or Birmingham what Herrick , Dreiser , and Farrell did for Chicago or Dos Passos did for New York . +There are almost no fictional treatments of the industrialized south '' . +Not a single Southern author , major or minor , has made the urban problems of an urban South his primary source material . +

+

Faulkner , for one , appears to be safe from the accusing fingers of all assailants in this regard . +Faulkner culminates the Southern legend perhaps more masterfully than it has ever been , or could ever be , done . +He has made it his , and his it remains , irrevocably . +He treats it with a mythological , universal application . +

+

As his disciples boast , even though his emphasis is elsewhere , Faulkner does show his awareness of the changing order of the South quite keenly , as can be proven by a quick recalling of his Sartoris and Snopes families . +Even two decades ago in Go Down , Moses Faulkner was looking to the more urban future with a glimmer of hope that through its youth and its new way of life the South might be reborn and the curse of slavery erased from its soil . +Yet his concern even here is with a slowly changing socio-economic order in general , and he never deals with such specific aspects of this change as the urban and industrial impact . +

+

Faulkner traces , in his vast and overpowering saga of Yoknapatawpha County , the gradual changes which seep into the South , building layer upon layer of minute , subtle innovation which eventually tend largely to hide the Old Way . +Thus Faulkner reminds us , and wisely , that the `` new '' South has gradually evolved out of the Old South , and consequently its agrarian roots persist . +Yet he presents a realm of source material which may well serve other writers if not himself : the problems with which a New South must grapple in groping through a blind adolescence into the maturity of urbanization . +With new mechanization the modern farmer must perform the work of six men : a machine stands between the agrarian and his soil . +The thousands of city migrants who desert the farms yearly must readjust with even greater stress and tension : the sacred wilderness is gradually surrendering to suburbs and research parks and industrial areas . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g38.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g38.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b64ebbe51df8212f7d765bb355f462febd0bb30b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g38.xml @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +Sample G38 from Bertrand A. Goldgar, The Curse of Party: Swift's Relations with + Addison and Steele. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, + 1961. Pp. 140-145. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,010 words 264 (13.1%) quotesG38

Used by permission. 0010-1820

 Bertrand A. Goldgar, The Curse of Party: Swift's Relations with + Addison and Steele. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, + 1961. Pp. 140-145. +

Note: Eighteenth Century spelling and punctuation in quotations.

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

She describes , first , the imaginary reaction of a foreigner puzzled by this `` unseasonable exultation '' ; ; +he is answered by a confused , honest Englishman . +The reasons for the Whig joy on this occasion are found to be their expectation of regaining control of the government , their delight at the prospect of a new war , their hopes of having the Tories hanged , and so on . +As for the author of the Englishman , Mrs. Manley sarcastically deplores that the sole defense of the Protestant cause should be left to `` Ridpath , Dick Steele , and their Associates , with the Apostles of Young Man's Coffee-House '' . +

+

Another controversy typical of the war between the Englishman and the Examiner centered on Robert ( later Viscount ) Molesworth , a Whig leader in Ireland and a member of the Irish Privy Council . +On December 21 , the day that the Irish House of Commons petitioned for removal of Sir Constantine Phipps , their Tory Lord Chancellor , Molesworth reportedly made this remark on the defense of Phipps by Convocation : `` They that have turned the world upside down , are come hither also '' . +Upon complaints from the Lower House of Convocation to the House of Lords , he was removed from the Privy Council , his remark having been represented as a blasphemous affront to the clergy . +Steele , who had earlier praised Molesworth in Tatler No. 189 , now defended him in Englishman No. 46 , depicting his removal as a setback to the Constitution . +On the other hand , Molesworth was naturally assailed in the Tory press . +Swift , in the Dublin edition of A Preface to the Bishop of Sarum's Introduction , indicated his feelings by including Molesworth , along with Toland , Tindal , and Collins , in the group of those who , like Burnet , are engaged in attacking all Convocations of the clergy . +In the same way he coupled Molesworth and Wharton in a letter to Archbishop King , and he had earlier described him as `` the worst of them '' in some `` Observations '' on the Irish Privy Council submitted to Oxford . +A month later , in The Publick Spirit Of The Whigs , he used Steele's defense of Molesworth as evidence of his disrespect for the clergy , calling Steele's position an affront to the `` whole Convocation of Ireland '' . +On this issue , then , as on so many in these months , Steele and Swift took rigidly opposed points of view . +

+

In the early months of 1714 , the battle between Swift and Steele over the issue of the Succession entered its major phase . +The preliminaries ended with the publication of Steele's Crisis on January 19 , and from that point on the fight proceeded at a rapid pace . +In answer to The Crisis , Swift produced The Publick Spirit Of The Whigs , his most extensive and bitter attack on his old friend . +By this time , as we shall see , the Tories were already planning to `` punish '' Steele for his political writing by expelling him from the House of Commons . +Despite his defense of himself in the final paper of the Englishman and in his speech before the House , their efforts were successful . +Steele lost his seat in Parliament , and his personal quarrel with Swift , by now a public issue , thus reached its climax . +

+

Of all the Whig tracts written in support of the Succession , The Crisis is perhaps the most significant . +Certainly it is the most pretentious and elaborate . +Hanoverian agents assisted in promoting circulation , said to have reached 40,000 , and if one may judge by the reaction of Swift and other government writers , the work must have had considerable impact . +Steele's main business here is to arouse public opinion to the immediate danger of a Stuart Restoration . +To this end , the first and longest section of the tract cites all the laws enacted since the Revolution to defend England against the `` Arbitrary Power of a Popish Prince '' . +In his comment on these laws Steele sounds all the usual notes of current Whig propaganda , ranging from a criticism of the Tory peace to an attack on the dismissal of Marlborough ; ; +but his principal theme is that the intrigues of the Tories , `` our Popish or Jacobite Party '' , pose an immediate threat to Church and State . +Like Burnet , he deplores the indifference of the people in the face of the crisis . +Treasonable books striking at the Hanoverian Succession , he complains , are allowed to pass unnoticed . +In this connection , Swift , too , is drawn in for attack : `` The Author of The Conduct Of The Allies has dared to drop Insinuations about altering the Succession '' . +In his effort to stir the public from its lethargy , Steele goes so far as to list Catholic atrocities of the sort to be expected in the event of a Stuart Restoration , and , with rousing rhetoric , he asserts that the only preservation from these `` Terrours '' is to be found in the laws he has so tediously cited . +`` It is no time '' , he writes , `` to talk with Hints and Innuendos , but openly and honestly to profess our Sentiments before our Enemies have compleated and put their Designs in Execution against us '' . +

+

Steele apparently professed his sentiments in this book too openly and honestly for his own good , since the government was soon to use it as evidence against him in his trial before the House . +In the final issues of the Englishman , which ended just as the new session of Parliament began , he provided his enemies with still more ammunition . +For example , No. 56 printed the patent giving the Electoral Prince the title of Duke of Cambridge . +In a few months the Duke was to be the center of a controversy of some significance on the touchy question of the Protestant Succession . +At the order of the Dowager Electress , the Hanoverian agents , supported by the Whig leaders , demanded that a writ of summons be issued which would call the Duke to England to sit in Parliament , thus further insuring the Succession by establishing a Hanoverian Prince in England before the Queen's death . +Anne was furious , and Bolingbroke advised that the request be refused . +Oxford , realizing that the law required the issuance of the writ , took the opposite view , for which the Queen never forgave him . +Accordingly the request was granted , but the Elector himself , who had not been consulted by his mother , rejected the proposal and recalled his agent Schutz , whose impolitic handling of the affair had caused the Hanoverian interest to suffer and had made Oxford's dismissal more likely than ever . +Steele in this paper is indicating his sympathy for such a plan . +A few days after this Englishman appeared , Defoe reported to Oxford that Steele was expected to move in Parliament that the Duke be called over ; ; +Defoe then commented , `` If they Could Draw that young Gentleman into Their Measures They would show themselves quickly , for they are not asham'd to Say They want only a head to Make a beginning '' . +

+

The final issue of the Englishman , No. 57 for February 15 , ran to some length and was printed as a separate pamphlet , entitled The Englishman : Being the Close of the Paper So-called . +Steele's purpose is to present a general defense of his political writing and a resume of the themes which had occupied him in the Englishman ; ; +but there is much here also which bears directly on his personal quarrel with Swift . +Thus he complains , with considerable justice , that the Tory writers have resorted to libel instead of answering his arguments . +His birth , education , and fortune , he says , have all been ridiculed simply because he has spoken with the freedom of an Englishman , and he assures the reader that `` whoever talks with me , is speaking to a Gentleman born '' . +As notable examples of this abuse , he quotes passages from the Examiner , `` that Destroyer of all things '' , and The Character of Richard Steele , which he here attributes to Swift . +Though put in rather maudlin terms , Steele's defense of himself has a reasonable basis . +His point is simply that the Tories have showered him with personal satire , despite the fact that as a private subject he has a right to speak on political matters without affronting the prerogative of the Sovereign . +He claims , too , that his political convictions are simply those which are called `` Revolution Principles '' and which are accepted by moderate men in both parties . +

+

The final section of this pamphlet is of special interest in a consideration of Steele's relations with Swift . +It purports to be a letter from Steele to a friend at court , who , in Miss Blanchard's opinion , could only be meant as Swift . +Steele first answers briefly the charges which his `` dear old Friend '' has made about his pamphlet on Dunkirk and his Crisis . +Then he launches into an attack on the Tory ministers , whom he calls the `` New Converts '' ; ; +by this term he means to ridicule their professions of acting in the interest of the Church despite their own education and manner of life -- a gibe , in other words , at the `` Presbyterianism '' in Harley's family and at Bolingbroke's reputed impiety . +The Tory leaders , he insinuates , are cynically using the Church as a political `` By-word '' to increase party friction and keep themselves in power . +This is the principal point made in this final section of Englishman No. 57 , and it caps Steele's efforts in his other writing of these months to counteract the notion of the Tories as a `` Church Party '' supported by the body of the clergy . +

+

Next , Steele turns his attention to the `` Courtier '' he is addressing . +He explains that there are sometimes honorable courtiers , but that too often a man who succeeds at court does not hesitate to sacrifice his Sovereign and nation to his own avarice and ambition . +Such , he implies , is the case with his friend , who is not really a new convert himself but merely a favorer of new converts . +If `` Jack the Courtier '' is really to be taken as Swift , the following remark is obviously Steele's comment on Swift's change of parties and its effect on their friendship : `` I assure you , dear Jack , when I first found out such an Allay in you , as makes you of so malleable a Constitution , that you may be worked into any Form an Artificer pleases , I foresaw I should not enjoy your Favour much longer '' . +He closes his `` letter '' by demanding that Dunkirk be demolished , that the Pretender be forced to move farther away from the coast of England , and that the Queen and the House of Hanover come to a better understanding . +The last point was soon to be included in the `` seditious '' remarks used against him in Parliament . +

+

The Examiner , during Steele's trial a month later , printed an answer from the `` Courtier '' addressed to `` R. S. '' at Button's coffee-house . +He reviews Steele's entrance into politics and finds that his present difficulties are due to his habit of attributing to his own abilities and talents achievements which more properly should be credited to the indulgence of his friends . +Once more , in other words , Steele is said to be indebted to Swift for his `` wit '' ; ; +this was the form in which their private feud most often appeared in the Tory press , especially the Examiner . +In The Publick Spirit of the Whigs , it may be noted , Swift himself contemptuously dismissed Steele's reference to his friend at court : `` I suppose by the Style of old Friend , and the like , it must be some Body there of his own Level ; ; +among whom , his Party have indeed more Friends than I could wish '' . +

+

On February 16 , Steele took his seat in Parliament . +By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets , and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament . +On the very day that the parliamentary session began , another `` Infamous Libel '' appeared , entitled A Letter From The Facetious Dr. Andrew Tripe , At Bath , To The Venerable Nestor Ironside . +It is filled with the usual personal abuse of Steele , especially of his physical appearance ; ; +in the opening paragraph , too , Steele is accused of extreme egotism , of giving `` himself the preference to all the learned , his contemporaries , from Dr. Swift himself , even down to Poet Cr--spe of the Customhouse '' . +

+

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Copyright 1961 by W. A. Swanberg. Used by permission of Charles

 W. A. Swanberg, Citizen Hearst: A Biography of William Randolph + Hearst. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1961. Pp. 212-216. +

Arbitrary No Hyphen: bulldoze [0600]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

`` Suppose you take Mr. Hearst's morning American at $10,000 a year '' , Brisbane proposed . +`` You could come down to the office once a day , look over a few exchanges , dictate an editorial , and then have the remainder of your time for your more serious literary labors . +If within one year you can make a success out of the American , you can practically name your own salary thereafter . +Of course , if you don't make the American a success , Hearst will have no further use for you '' . +

+

The blue-eyed Watson decided that he would dislike living in New York , and the deal fell through . +Hearst's luck was even poorer when he had a chat with Franklin K. Lane , a prominent California journalist and reform politician , whom he asked for his support . +Lane was still burning because he had narrowly missed election as governor of California in 1902 and laid his defeat to the antagonism of Hearst's San Francisco Examiner . +Hearst disclaimed blame for this , but the conversation , according to Lane , ended on a tart note . +

+

`` Mr. Lane '' , Hearst said , `` if you ever wish anything that I can do , all you will have to do will be to send me a telegram asking , and it will be done '' . +

+

`` Mr. Hearst '' , Lane replied as he left , `` if you ever get a telegram from me asking you to do anything , you can put the telegram down as a forgery '' . +

+

Hearst took a brief respite to hurry home to New York to become a father . +On April 10 , 1904 , his first child was born , a son named George after the late Senator . +Hearst saw his wife and child , sent a joyful message to his mother in California , and soon returned to Washington , where on April 22 , for the first time , he opened his mouth in Congress . +

+

This was not before the House but before the Judiciary Committee , where he asked for action on one of his pet bills , that calling for an investigation of the coal-railroad monopoly . +Attorney Shearn had worked on this for two years and had succeeded in getting a report supporting his stand from the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York . +Hearst had spent more than $60,000 of his own money in the probe , but still Attorney General Knox was quiescent . +

+

Six of the railroads carrying coal to Tidewater from the Pennsylvania fields , Hearst said , not only had illegal agreements with coal operators but owned outright at least eleven mines . +They had watered their stock at immense profit , then had raised the price of coal fifty cents a ton , netting themselves another $20,000,000 in annual profit . +

+

`` The Attorney General has been brooding over that evidence like an old hen on a doorknob for eighteen months '' , Hearst said . +`` He has not acted in any way , and won't let anyone take it away from him . +What I want is to have this evidence come before Congress and if the Attorney General does not report it , as I am very sure he won't , as he has refused to do anything of the kind , I then wish that a committee of seven Representatives be appointed with power to take the evidence . +

+

The Congressman tried hard , but failed . +This was the very sort of legislation that Roosevelt himself had in mind . +There can be little doubt that there was a conspiracy in Washington , overt or implied , to block anything Hearst wanted , even if it was something good . +Hatred tied his hands in Congress . +Roosevelt and others considered him partly responsible for the murder of McKinley . +They were repelled by his noisy newspapers , his personal publicity , his presumptuous campaign for the Presidential nomination , and by the swelling cloud of rumor about his moral lapses . +He might get votes from his constituents , but he would never get a helping hand in Congress . +He was the House pariah . +Even the regular Democrats disowned him . +Inherently incapable of cooperating with others , he ran his own show regardless of how many party-line Democratic toes he stepped on . +He was a political maverick , a reformer with his own program , determined to bulldoze it through or to blazon the infamy of those who balked him . +He showed little interest in measures put forward by the regular Democrats . +He sought to run Congress as he ran his New York American or Journal , a scheme veteran legislators resisted . +For a freshman Congressman to read political Lessons to graybeard Democrats was poor policy for one who needed to make friends . +He soon quarreled with all the party leaders in the House , and came to be regarded with detestation by regular Democrats as a professional radical leading a small pack of obedient terriers whose constant snapping was demoralizing to party discipline . +

+

To old-line Democrats , the Hearst Presidential boom , now in full cry , was the joke of the new century . +Yet no leader had come to the fore who seemed likely to give the puissant T. R. a semblance of a race . +There was talk of dragging old ex-President Cleveland out of retirement for another try . +Some preferred Judge Alton B. Parker of New York . +There was a host of dark horses . +The sneers at Hearst changed to concern when it was seen that he had strong support in many parts of the country . +Platoons of Hearst agents were traveling from state to state in a surprisingly successful search for delegates at the coming convention , and there were charges that money was doing a large part of the persuading . +Just when it was needed for the campaign , Hearst Paper No. 8 , the Boston American , began publication . +A Bay State supporter said , `` Mr. Hearst's fight has been helped along greatly by the starting of his paper in Boston '' . +His candidacy affected his journalism somewhat . +He ordered his editors to tone down on sensationalism and to refrain from using such words as `` seduction '' , `` rape '' , `` abortion '' , `` criminal assault '' and `` born out of wedlock '' . +

+

In a story headed , `` Hearst Offers Cash '' , the Republican New York Tribune spread the money rumor , quoting an unnamed `` Hearst supporter '' as saying : +

+

`` The argument that is cutting most ice is that Hearst is the only candidate who is fighting the trusts fearlessly and who would use all the powers of government to disrupt them if he were elected . +The Hearst men say that if Hearst is nominated , he and his immediate friends will contribute to the Democratic National Committee the sum of $1,500,000 . +This , it is urged , would relieve the national committee from the necessity of appealing to the trust magnates . +The alternative to this is that if a conservative candidate is nominated the national committee will have to appeal to the trusts for their campaign funds , and in doing this will incur obligations which would make a Democratic victory absolutely fruitless . +The average Democratic politician , especially in the country districts , is hungry for the spoils of office . +It has been a long time since he has seen any campaign money , and when the proposition is laid down to him as the friends of Mr. Hearst are laying it down these days he is quite likely to get aboard the Hearst bandwagon '' . +

+

If anything , the conservative Democrats were more opposed to Hearst than the Republicans . +In his own state of New York , the two Democratic bellwethers , State Leader Hill and Tammany Boss Murphy , were saying nothing openly against Hearst but industriously boosting their own favorites , Murphy being for Cleveland and Hill for Parker . +They had lost twice with the radical Bryan , and were having no part of Hearst , whom they considered more radical than Bryan . +But his increasing strength in the West looked menacing . +It caused Henry Watterson to sound a blast in his Louisville Courier-Journal : +

+

`` Does any sane Democrat believe that Mr. Hearst , a person unknown even to his constituency and his colleagues , without a word or act in the public life of his country , past or present , that can be shown to be his to commend him , could by any possibility be elected President of the United States ? ? +But there is a Hearst barrel . +

+

More splenetic was Senator Edward Carmack of Tennessee , a Parker man . +`` The nomination of Hearst would compass the ruin of the party '' , Carmack said . +`` It would be a disgrace , and , as I have already said to the people of Tennessee , if Hearst is nominated , we may as well pen a dispatch , and send it back from the field of battle : ' All is lost , including our honor ' '' . +

+

A lone pro-Hearst voice from New York City was that of William Devery , who had been expelled as a Tammany leader but still claimed strong influence in his own district . +`` I understand [ Hearst ] is a candidate for Presidential honors '' , Devery said without cracking a smile . +`` There's nothing like buildin' from the bottom up . +If he's going to the St. Louis convention as a delegate we ought to know it . +He's got a lot of friends , and he ought to come along and let us know if he wants our help '' . +

+

Hearst won the Iowa state convention , but ran into a bitter battle in Indiana before losing to Parker , drawing an angry statement from Indiana's John W. Kern : +

+

`` We are menaced for the first time in the history of the Republic by the open and unblushing effort of a multi-millionaire to purchase the Presidential nomination . +Our state has been overrun with a gang of paid agents and retainers . +As for the paid Hessians from other states , we are here to instruct the Indiana Democracy in their duty , I have nothing but contempt . +The Hearst dollar mark is all over them . +

+

The talk of a Hearst `` barrel '' was increasing . +Another Indiana observer later commented , `` Perhaps we shall never know how much was spent ( by Hearst ) , but if as much money was expended elsewhere as in Indiana a liberal fortune was squandered '' . +

+

In his fight for the Illinois and Indiana delegations , Hearst made several trips to Chicago to confer with Andrew Lawrence , the former San Francisco Examiner man who was now his Chicago kingpin , and once to meet with Bryan . +On one visit he stopped at the office of the American , where he was known surreptitiously as `` the Great White Chief '' , and for the first time met his managing editor , fat Moses Koenigsberg . +Koenigsberg never did learn what Hearst wanted , for the latter shook hands and moved toward the door . +

+

`` Never mind , thank you '' , he said . +`` I must hurry to catch my train '' . +

+

Another editor pointed despairingly at a bundle of letters that had accumulated for him , saying , `` But Mr. Hearst , what shall I do with this correspondence '' ? ? +

+

`` I'll show you '' , Hearst replied , grinning . +He took the stack of mail and tossed it into the waste basket . +`` Don't bother . +Every letter answers itself in a couple of weeks '' . +

+

2 . +The Hearst `` barrel '' +Hearst hopped into a private railroad car with Max Ihmsen and made an arduous personal canvass for delegates in the western and southern states , always wearing a frock coat , listening intently to local politicians , and generally making a good impression . +He laughed at a story that he planned to bolt the party if he was not nominated . +

+

`` I should , of course '' , he said , `` like any other man , be honored and gratified should the Democrats see fit to nominate me . +But I do not have to be bribed by office to be a Democrat . +I have supported the Democratic party in the last five campaigns . +I supported Cleveland three times and Bryan twice . +I intend to support the nominee of the party at St. Louis , whoever he may be '' . +

+

The Hearst press followed the Chief's progress at the various state conventions with its usual admiring attention , stressing the `` enthusiasm '' and `` loyalty '' he inspired . +This was historic in its way , for it marked the first time an American Presidential aspirant had advertised his own virtues in his own string of newspapers spanning the land . +

+

Yet his editors did not abandon their sense of story value . +When Nan Patterson , a stunning and money-minded chorus girl who had appeared in a Floradora road show , rode down Broadway in a hansom cab with her married lover , Frank Young , she stopped the cab to disclose that Young had been shot dead , tearfully insisting that he had shot himself although experts said he could not have done so . +

+

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Used by permission. 0010-1690

 Joseph Wood Krutch, "If You Don't Mind My Saying So" + The American Scholar, 31: 1 (Winter, 1961-1962), 120, 122, 124. +

Arbitrary Hyphen: weasel-worded [1020]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

We often say of a person that he `` looks young for his age '' or `` old for his age '' . +Yet even in the more extreme of such cases we seldom go very far astray in guessing what his age actually is . +And this means , I suppose , that almost invariably age reveals itself by easily recognizable signs engraved on both the body and the mind . +`` Young for his age '' means only the presence of some minor characteristic not quite usual . +Stigmata quite sufficient for diagnosis are nevertheless there . +An assumption of youth , or the presence of a few youthful characteristics , deceives no more successfully than rouge or dyed hair . +`` Looking young for your age '' means `` for your age '' and it means no more . +

+

A mind expressing itself in words may reveal itself a little less obviously as old or young . +Its surface loses its bloom and submits to its wrinkles in ways less immediately obvious than the body does . +Youth may be , and often is , skeptical , cynical or despairing ; ; +age may be idealistic , believing and much given to professions of optimism . +But there is , nevertheless , always a subtle difference in the way in which supposedly similar opinions are held . +The pessimism of the young is defiant , anxious to confess or even exaggerate its ostensible gloom , and so exuberant as to reveal the fact that it regards its ability to face up to the awful truth as more than enough to compensate for the awfulness of that truth . +Similarly the optimism of age protests too much . +If it proclaims that the best is yet to be , it always arouses , at least in the young , either a suspicious question or perhaps the exclamation of the Negro youth who saw on a tombstone the inscription , `` I am not dead but sleeping '' . +`` Boy , you ain't fooling nobody but yourself '' . +

+

We may say of some unfortunates that they were never young . +We cannot truthfully say of anyone who has succeeded in entering deep into his sixties that he was never old . +Those famous lines of the Greek Anthology with which a fading beauty dedicates her mirror at the shrine of a goddess reveal a wise attitude : `` Venus , take my votive glass , Since I am not what I was , What from this day I shall be , Venus , let me never see '' . +

+

No good can come of contemplating the sad , inevitable fact that once youth has passed `` a worse and worse time still succeeds the former '' . +But there are at least two reasons for contemplating one's mind in even a cracked mirror . +One is that there sometimes are real although inadequate compensations in growing old . +Serenity , if one is fortunate enough to achieve it , is not so good as joy , but it is something . +Even to be `` from hope and fear set free '' is at least better than to have lost the first without having got rid of the second . +The other reason ( and the one with which I am here concerned ) is that one thus becomes inclined to inquire of any opinion , or change of opinion , whether it represents the wisdom of experience or is only the result of the difference between youth and age which is as inevitable as the all too obvious physical differences . +One may be exasperatingly aware that if the answer is favorable it will be judged such only by those of one's own age . +But at least the question has been raised . +Many readers of this department no doubt discount certain of my opinions for the simple reason that they can guess pretty accurately , even if they have never actually been told , what my age is . +At least I should like them to know that I know these discounts are being made . +

+

Let me then ( and in public ) glance into the mirror . +I have known some men and women who said that the selves they are told about or even remember seem utter strangers to them now ; ; +that their remote past is as discontinuous with their present selves , as lacking in any conscious likeness to their mature personality , as the self of a butterfly may be imagined discontinuous with that of the caterpillar it once was . +For my part I find it difficult to conceive such a state of affairs . +I have changed and I have reversed opinions ; ; +but I am so aware of an uninterrupted continuity of the persona or ego that I see only as absurd the tendency of some psychologists from Heraclitus to Pirandello and Proust to regard consciousness as no more than a flux amid which nothing remains unchanged . +So far as I am concerned , the child is unmistakably father to the man , despite the obvious fact that child and father differ greatly -- sometimes for the better and sometimes for the worse . +

+

Fundamental values , temperament and the way in which one approaches a conviction change less , of course , than specific opinions . +That fact is very clearly illustrated in the case of the many present-day intellectuals who were Communists or near-Communists in their youth and are now so extremely conservative ( or reactionary , as many would say ) that they can define no important political conviction that does not seem so far from even a centrist position as to make the distinction between Mr. Nixon and Mr. Khrushchev for them hardly worth noting . +But in ways more fundamental than specific political opinions they are still what they always were : passionate , sure without a shadow of doubt of whatever it is that they are sure of , capable of seeing black and white only and , therefore , committed to the logical extreme of whatever it is they are temporarily committed to . +

+

To those of my readers who find many of my opinions morally , or politically , or sociologically antiquated ( and I have reason to know that there are some such ) , I would like to say what I have already hinted , namely , that some of my opinions may indeed be subject to some discount on the simple ground that I am no longer young and therefore incapable of being youthful of mind . +But I will also remind them that I have always been inclined to skepticism , to a kind of Laodicean lack of commitment so far as public affairs are concerned ; ; +so that , although not as eager as I once was to be disapproved of , I can still resist prevailing opinions . +

+

At about the age of twelve I became a Spencerian liberal , and I have always considered myself a liberal of some kind even though the definition has changed repeatedly since Spencer became a reactionary . +Several times in my youth I voted the Socialist ticket , but less because I was Socialist than because I was not either a Republican or a Democrat , and I voted for Franklin Roosevelt every time he was a candidate . +Yet during the years when I was on the staff of The Nation , I tried to the limit the patience of the editors on almost every occasion when I was permitted to write an editorial having a bearing on a political or social question . +

+

Never once during the trying thirties did I come so close to succumbing to the private climate of opinion as to grant Russian communism even that most weasel-worded of encomiums `` an interesting experiment '' . +There are few things of which I am prouder than of that unblemished record . +Many of my friends at the time thought that I had received a well-deserved condemnation when Lincoln Steffens denounced me in a review of one of my books as a perfect example of the obsolete man who could understand and sympathize only with the dead past . +But he , as I can now retort , was the man who could see so short a distance ahead that after a visit to Russia he gave voice to the famous exclamation : `` I have seen the future and it works '' . +

+

The favorite excuse of those who have now recanted their approval of communism is that they did not know how things would develop . +With this excuse I have never been much impressed . +There was , it seems to me , enough in the openly declared principles and intentions of Russian leaders to alienate honorable men without their having to wait to see how it would turn out . +

+

Once many years ago I sat at dinner next to Arthur Train , and the subject of The Nation came up . +He asked me suddenly , `` What are your political opinions '' ? ? +`` Well '' , I replied , `` some of my colleagues on the paper regard me as a rank reactionary '' . +After a moment's thought he replied , `` That still leaves you a lot of latitude '' . +And I suppose it did . +

+

I never have been , and am not now , any kind of utopian . +When I first came across Samuel Johnson's pronouncement , `` the remedy for the ills of life is palliative rather than radical '' , it seemed to me to sum up the profoundest of political and social truths . +It will probably explain more of my attitudes toward society than any other phrase or principle could . +

+

Why did I choose to fill these pages in this particular issue with this mixture of rather tenuous reflections and autobiography ? ? +The reason is , I think , my awareness that my remarks last quarter on pacifism may well have served to confirm the opinion of some that my tendency to skepticism and dissent gets us nowhere , and that I am simply too old to hope . +I would , however , like to suggest that , wrong though I may be , the tendency to see dilemmas rather than solutions is one of which I have been a victim ever since I can remember , and therefore not merely a senile phenomenon . +I know that one must act . +But one need not always be sure that the action is either wise or conclusive . +

+

Apropos of what some would call cynicism , I remember an anecdote the source of which I forget . +It concerns a small-town minister who staged an impressive object lesson by confining a lion and a lamb together in the same cage outside his church door . +Not only his parishioners , but the whole town and , ultimately , the whole county were enormously impressed by this object lesson . +One day he was visited by a delegation of would-be imitators who wanted to know his secret . +`` How on earth do you manage it ? ? +What is the trick '' ? ? +`` Why '' , he replied , `` it is perfectly simple ; ; +there is no trick involved . +All you have to do is put in a fresh lamb from time to time '' . +Cynical ? ? +Blasphemous ? ? +Not really , it seems to me . +The promise that the lion and the lamb will lie down together was given in the future tense . +It is not something that can be expected to happen now . +

+

Without really changing the general subject , I take this opportunity to confess that I am troubled by doubts , not only about pacifism , but also when asked to join in the protest against a law that most of those who consider themselves humane and liberal seem to regard as obviously barbarous ; ; +namely , the law that prescribes the death penalty for murder when there seem to be no extenuating circumstances . +It is not that I am unaware of the force of their strongest contention . +Life , they say , should be regarded as sacred and , therefore , as something that neither an individual nor his society has a right to take away . +In fact I cannot imagine myself condemning a man to the noose or the electric chair if I had to take , as an individual , the responsibility for his death . +Just as I know I would make a bad soldier even though I cannot sincerely call myself a pacifist , so too I would not be either a hangman by profession or , if I could avoid it , even a member of a hanging jury . +Despite these facts the question `` : : +Should no murderer ever be executed '' ? ? +Seems to me to create a dilemma not to be satisfactorily disposed of by a simple negative answer . +

+

Punishment of the wrongdoer , so liberals are inclined to say , can have only three possible justifications : revenge , reformation or deterrent example . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j03.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j03.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..efc30598164ac31cff950e15fa52386a8930eb60 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j03.xml @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +Sample J03 from Harry H. Hull, "The Normal Forces and Their Thermodynamic Significance," + Transactions of the Society of Rheology, V (1961), 120-125. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,023 words 15 (0.7%) quotes 25 symbols 28 formulasJ03

Used by permission. 0010-1750

 Harry H. Hull, "The Normal Forces and Their Thermodynamic Significance," + Transactions of the Society of Rheology, V (1961), 120-125. +

Typographical Error: as [for is] [0570]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

A band viscometer is shown in Figure 2 . +It consists of two blocks with flat surfaces held apart by shims . +There is a small well in the top in which the fluid or paste to be tested is placed . +A tape of cellulose acetate is pulled between the blocks and the tape pulls the fluid or paste with it between the parallel faces of the blocks . +In normal use weights are hung on the end of the tape and allowed to pull the tape and the material to be tested between the blocks . +After it has reached terminal velocity , the time for the tape to travel a known distance is recorded . +By the use of various weights , data for a force-rate of shear graph can be obtained . +The instrument used for this work was a slight modification of that previously described . +

+

In this test a Af tape was pulled between the blocks with a motor and pulley at a rate of Af with a clearance of 0.002'' '' on each side of the tape . +This gives a rate of shear of Af . +This , however , can only be considered approximate , as the diameter of the pulley was increased by the build-up of tape and the tape was occasionally removed from the pulley during the runs . +The face of one block contained a hole 1/16'' '' in diameter which led to a manometer for the measurement of the normal pressure . +

+

Although there were only four fluids tested , it was apparent that there were two distinct types . +Two of the fluids showed a high-positive normal pressure when undergoing shear , and two showed small negative pressures which were negligible in comparison with the amount of the positive pressures generated by the other two . +

+

Figure 3 shows the data on a silicone fluid , labeled 12,500 cps which gave a high positive normal pressure . +Although the tape was run for over 1 hr. , a steady state was not reached , and it was concluded that the reason for this was that the back pressure of the manometer was built up from the material fed from between the blocks and this was available at a very slow rate . +A system had to be used which did not depend upon the feeding of the fluid into the manometer if measurements of the normal pressure were to be made in a reasonable time . +A back pressure was then introduced , and the rise or fall of the material in the manometer indicated which was greater , the normal pressure in the block or the back pressure . +By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere . +The actual pressure was not determined because the pressure was beyond the upper limit of the apparatus on hand . +

+

The two fluids which gave the small negative pressures were polybutenes with molecular weights which were stated to be 520 and 300 . +These are fluids which one would expect to be less viscoelastic or more Newtonian because of their lower molecular weight . +The maximum suction was 3.25'' '' of test fluid measured from the top of the block , and steady states were apparently reached with these fluids . +It is presumed that this negative head was associated with some geometric factor of the assembly , since different readings were obtained with the same fluid and the only apparent difference was the assembly and disassembly of the apparatus . +This negative pressure is not explained by the velocity head Af since this is not sufficient to explain the readings by several magnitudes . +

+

These experiments can be considered exploratory only . +However , they do demonstrate the presence of large normal pressures in the presence of flat shear fields which were forecast by the theory in the first part of the paper . +They also give information which will aid in the design of a more satisfactory instrument for the measurement of the normal pressures . +Such an instrument would be useful for the characterization of many commercial materials as well as theoretical studies . +The elasticity is a parameter of fluids which is not subject to simple measurement at present , and it is a parameter which is probably varying in an unknown manner with many commercial materials . +Such an instrument is expected to be especially useful if it could be used to measure the elasticity of heavy pastes such as printing inks , paints , adhesives , molten plastics , and bread dough , for the elasticity is related to those various properties termed `` length '' , `` shortness '' , `` spinnability '' , etc. , which are usually judged by subjective methods at present . +

+

The actual change Af caused by a shear field is calculated by multiplying the pressure differential times the volume , just as it is for any gravitational or osmotic pressure head . +If the volume is the molal volume , then Af is obtained on a molal basis which is the customary terminology of the chemists . +

+

Although the Af calculation is obvious by analogy with that for gravitational field and osmotic pressure , it is interesting to confirm it by a method which can be generalized to include related effects . +Consider a shear field with a height of H and a cross-sectional area of A opposed by a manometer with a height of H ( referred to the same base as H ) and a cross-sectional area of A . +If Af is the change per unit volume in Gibbs function caused by the shear field at constant P and T , and **yr is the density of the fluid , then the total potential energy of the system above the reference height is Af . +Af is the work necessary to fill the manometer column from the reference height to H . +The total volume of the system above the reference height is Af , and H can be eliminated to obtain an equation for the total potential energy of the system in terms of H . +The minimum total potential energy is found by taking the derivative with respect to H and equating to zero . +This gives Af , which is the pressure . +This is interesting for it combines both the thermodynamic concept of a minimum Gibbs function for equilibrium and minimum mechanical potential energy for equilibrium . +This method can be extended to include the concentration differences caused by shear fields . +The relation between osmotic pressure and the Gibbs function may also be developed in an analogous way . +

+

In the above development we have applied the thermodynamics of equilibrium ( referred to by some as thermostatics ) to the steady state . +This can be justified thermodynamically in this case , and this will be done in a separate paper which is being prepared . +This has an interesting analogy with the assumption stated by Philippoff that `` the deformational mechanics of elastic solids can be applied to flowing solutions '' . +There is one exception to the above statement as has been pointed out , and that is that fluids can relax by flowing into fields of lower rates of shear , so the statement should be modified by stating that the mechanics are similar . +If the mechanics are similar , we can also infer that the thermodynamics will also be similar . +

+

The concept of the strain energy as a Gibbs function difference Af and exerting a force normal to the shearing face is compatible with the information obtained from optical birefringence studies of fluids undergoing shear . +Essentially these birefringence studies show that at low rates of shear a tension is present at 45-degrees to the direction of shear , and as the rate of shear increases , the direction of the maximum tension moves asymptotically toward the direction of shear . +According to Philippoff , the recoverable shear S is given by Af where **yc is the angle of extinction . +From this and the force of deformation it should be possible to calculate the elastic energy of deformation which should be equal to the Af calculated from the pressure normal to the shearing face . +

+

There is another means which should show the direction and relative value of the stresses in viscoelastic fluids that is not mentioned as such in the literature , and that is the shape of the suspended drops of low viscosity fluids in shear fields . +These droplets are distorted by the normal forces just as a balloon would be pulled or pressed out of shape in one's hands . +These droplets appear to be ellipsoids , and it is mathematically convenient to assume that they are . +If they are not ellipsoids , the conclusions will be a reasonable approximation . +The direction of the tension of minimum pressure is , of course , given by the direction of the major axis of the ellipsoids . +Mason and Taylor both show that the major axis of the ellipsoids is at 45-degrees at low rates of shear and that it approaches the direction of shear with increased rates of shear . +( Some suspensions break up before they are near to the direction of shear , and some become asymptotic to it without breakup . +) This is , of course , a similar type of behavior to that indicated by birefringence studies . +The relative forces can be calculated from the various radii of curvature if we assume : ( A ) The surface tension is uniform on the surface of the drop . +( B ) That because of the low viscosity of the fluid , the internal pressure is the same in all directions . +( C ) The kinetic effects are negligible . +( D ) Since the shape of the drop conforms to the force field , it does not appreciably affect the distribution of forces in the fluid . +

+

These are reasonable assumptions with low viscosity fluids suspended in high viscosity fluids which are subjected to low rates of shear . +Just as the pressure exerted by surface tension in a spherical drop is Af and the pressure exerted by surface tension on a cylindrical shape is Af , the pressure exerted by any curved surface is Af , where **yg is the interfacial tension and Af and Af are the two radii of curvature . +This formula is given by Rumscheidt and Mason . +If A is the major axis of an ellipsoid and B and C are the other two axes , the radius of curvature in the ab plane at the end of the axis Af , and the difference in pressure along the A and B axes is Af . +

+

There are no data published in the literature on the shape of low viscosity drops to confirm the above formulas . +However , there are photographs of suspended drops of cyclohexanol phthalate ( viscosity 155 poises ) suspended in corn syrup of 71 poises in a paper by Mason and Bartok . +This viscosity of the material in the drops is , of course , not negligible . +Measurements on the photograph in this paper give Af at the maximum rate of shear of Af . +If it is assumed that the formula given by Lodge of cosec Af applies , the pressure difference along the major axes can be calculated from the angle of inclination of the major axis , and from this the interfacial tension can be calculated . +Its value was Af from the above data . +This appears to be high , as would be expected from the appreciable viscosity of the material in the drops . +

+

It is appropriate to call attention to certain thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas that are analogous to rubber-like deformation . +The internal energy of an ideal gas depends on temperature only and is independent of pressure or volume . +In other words , if an ideal gas is compressed and kept at constant temperature , the work done in compressing it is completely converted into heat and transferred to the surrounding heat sink . +This means that work equals Q which in turn equals Af . +

+

There is a well-known relationship between probability and entropy which states that Af , where **zq is the probability that state ( i.e. , volume for an ideal gas ) could be reached by chance alone . +This is known as conformational entropy . +This conformational entropy is , in this case , equal to the usual entropy , for there are no other changes or other energies involved . +Note that though the ideal gas itself contains no additional energy , the compressed gas does exert an increased pressure . +The energy for any isothermal work done by the perfect gas must come as thermal energy from its surroundings . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j49.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j49.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..632c6b6f6fd58b6981d8061d922fe44ac15cd509 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j49.xml @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +Sample J49 from Robert J. Havighurst, "Social-Class Influence on American Education," + chapter V of Social Forces Influencing American Education. The + Sixtieth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of + Education. Edited by Nelson B. Henry. Part II, pp. 130-135. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,020 words 18 (0.9%) quotesJ49

Copyrightby The National Study for the Study of Education. Used by

 Robert J. Havighurst, "Social-Class Influence on American Education," + chapter V of Social Forces Influencing American Education. The + Sixtieth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of + Education. Edited by Nelson B. Henry. Part II, pp. 130-135. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The next question is whether board members favor their own social classes in their roles as educational policy-makers . +On the whole , it appears that they do not favor their own social classes in an explicit way . +Seldom is there an issue in which class lines can be clearly drawn . +A hypothetical issue of this sort might deal with the establishment of a free public junior college in a community where there already was a good private college which served the middle-class youth adequately but was too expensive for working-class youth . +In situations of this sort the board generally favors the expansion of free education . +Campbell studied the records of 172 school board members in twelve western cities over the period of 1931 - 40 and found `` little or no relationship between certain social and economic factors and school board competence '' , as judged by a panel of professional educators who studied the voting records on educational issues . +

+

The few cases of clear favoritism along social-class lines are as likely as not to involve representatives of the working class on the school board who favor some such practice as higher wages for janitors rather than pay increases for teachers , and such issues are not issues of educational policy . +

+

In general , it appears that trustees and board members attempt to represent the public interest in their administration of educational policy , and this is made easier by the fact that the dominant values of the society are middle-class values , which are generally thought to be valid for the entire society . +There have been very few cases of explicit conflict of interest between the middle class and any other class in the field of educational policy . +If there were more such cases , it would be easier to answer the question whether the policy-makers favor their own social classes . +

+

There is currently a major controversy of public education in which group interests and values are heavily engaged . +This is the issue of segregated schools in the South . +In this case it is primarily a matter of conflict of racial groups rather than social-class groups . +Thus , the white middle and lower classes are arrayed against the Negro middle and lower classes . +This conflict may be resolved in a way which will suit white middle-class people better than it suits white lower-class people . +If this happens , there may be some class conflict in the South , with school boards and school teachers taking the middle-class position . +

+

The educational profession +The members of the educational profession have a major voice in the determination of educational policy , their position being strongest in the universities . +They are mostly upper-middle- and lower-middle-class people , with a few in the upper class . +Do they make class-biased decisions ? ? +

+

In a society dominated by middle-class values and working in an institution which transmits and strengthens these social values , it is clear that the educational profession must work for the values which are characteristic of the society . +There is no problem here . +The problem arises , if it does arise , when the educator has to make a choice or a decision within the area of his professional competence , but which bears some relation to the social structure . +For instance , in giving school grades or in making recommendations for the award of a college scholarship , does he consciously or unconsciously favor students of one or another social class ? ? +Again , in deciding on the content and method of his teaching , does he favor a curriculum which will make his students stronger competitors in the race for higher economic status , or does he favor a curriculum which strengthens students in other ways ? ? +

+

The answers to questions such as these certainly depend to some extent upon the educator's own social-class position and also upon his social history , as well as upon his personality and what he conceives his mission to be as an educator . +In a set of case studies of teachers with various social-class backgrounds , Wattenberg illustrates a variety of approaches to students and to teaching which depend upon the teacher's personality as well as on his social-class background . +One upward-mobile teacher may be a hard taskmaster for lower-class pupils because she wants them to develop the attitudes and skills that will enable them to climb , while another upward-mobile teacher may be a very permissive person with lower-class pupils because he knows their disadvantages and deprivations at home , and he hopes to encourage them by friendly treatment . +

+

One social-class factor which plays a large part in educational policy today is the fact that a great many school and college teachers are upward mobile from urban lower-class and lower-middle-class families . +Their own experience in the social system influences their work and attitudes as teachers . +While this influence is a complex matter , depending upon personality factors in the individual as well as upon his social-class experience , there probably are some general statements about social-class background and educational policy that can be made with a fair degree of truth . +

+

Teachers who have been upward mobile probably see education as most valuable for their students if it serves students as it has served them ; ; +that is , they are likely to favor a kind of education that has vocational-advancement value . +This does not necessarily mean that such teachers will favor vocational education , as contrasted with liberal education , but they are likely to favor an approach to liberal education which has a maximal vocational-advancement value , as against a kind of `` pure '' liberal education that is not designed to help people get better jobs . +

+

There is no doubt that higher education since World War 2 , has moved away from `` pure '' liberal education toward greater emphasis on technology and specialization . +There are several causes for this , one being rapid economic development with increasing numbers of of middle-class positions requiring engineering or scientific training . +But another cause may lie in the experience of so many new postwar faculty members with their own use of education as a means of social advancement . +

+

Compared with the college and university faculty members of the period from 1900 to 1930 , the new postwar faculty members consist of more children of immigrants and more children of urban working-class fathers . +Their experience is quite in contrast with that of children of upper- and upper-middle-class native-born parents , who are more likely to regard education as good for its own sake and to discount the vocational emphases in the curriculum . +

+

The `` public interest '' groups +Educational policies are formed by several groups who are officially or unofficially appointed to act in the public interest . +Legislators are one such group , and state legislators have major responsibility for educational legislation . +They generally vote so as to serve their own constituency , and if the constituency should be solidly middle class or solidly lower class , they might be expected to vote and work for middle- or for lower-class interests in education . +However , there are relatively few such political constituencies , and , as has been pointed out , there is seldom a clear-cut distinction between the educational interests of one social class and those of another . +

+

Another public interest group is the commission of laymen or educators which is appointed to study an educational problem and to make recommendations . +Generally these commissions work earnestly to represent the interest of the entire society , as they conceive it . +Nevertheless , their conclusions and recommendations cannot please everybody , and they often represent a particular economic or political point of view . +For instance , there have been two Presidential Commissions on higher education since World War 2 . +President Truman's Commission on Higher Education tended to take a liberal , expansionist position , while President Eisenhower's Committee on Education Beyond the High School was slightly more conservative . +Both Commissions consisted of upper-middle- and upper-class people , who attempted to act in the public interest . +

+

An example of a more definite class bias is noted in proceedings of the Commission on the Financing of Higher Education sponsored by the Association of American Universities and supported by the Rockefeller Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation . +This Commission recommended against the use of federal government funds for the assistance of private universities and against a broad program of government-supported scholarships . +This might be said to be an upper- or an upper-middle-class bias , but the Commission published as one of its staff studies a book by Byron S. Hollingshead entitled Who Should Go To College ? ? +Which recommended a federal government scholarship program . +Furthermore , the Commission set up the Council for Financial Aid to Education as a means of encouraging private business to increase its support of private higher education . +Thus , the Commission acted with a sense of social responsibility within the area of its own convictions about the problem of government support to private education . +

+

Then there are the trustees and officers of the great educational foundations , who inevitably exert an influence on educational decisions by their support or refusal to support various educational programs , experiments , and demonstrations . +These people are practically always upper- or upper-middle-class persons , who attempt to act in what they regard as the interest of the entire society . +

+

Finally there are the parent organizations and the laymen's organizations such as the National Association of Parents and Teachers , and the Citizens Committee on Public Schools . +These have an upper-middle-class leadership and a middle-class membership , with rare exceptions , where working-class parents are active in local P.-T.A. matters . +Like the other policy-making groups , these are middle class in their educational attitudes , and they attempt to act in the general public interest , as they see it . +

+

In general , it appears that educational decisions and educational policies are made by people who intend to act in the interests of the society as a whole . +They are predominantly middle- and upper-class people , and undoubtedly share the values and attitudes of those classes . +They may be unaware of the existence of lower-class values and consequently fail to take them into account . +But there is very little frank and conscious espousal of the interests of any one social class by the people who have the power to make decisions in education . +They think of themselves as trustees for the entire society and try to serve the entire society . +

+

Attempts to influence social structure through education +Educational policy in the United States has as an explicit goal the maximization of economic and cultural opportunity . +In so far as this goal is achieved , the society becomes more fluid , artificial barriers to social mobility are reduced , and people at the lower end of the social hierarchy share more fully in the material and cultural goods of society . +On the other hand , there is a counterbalancing purpose in education which is to pass on the advantages of the parents to their children . +This leads to efforts at exclusiveness through private schools and to the maintenance of social stratification in the schools . +Both of these purposes exist side by side without much overt conflict under present conditions . +

+

Maximizing economic and cultural opportunity +The broad expansion of free education results both in raising the average economic and cultural level of the society and in promoting fluidity within the social structure . +Fifty years ago the general raising of the school-leaving age to sixteen was an example of this movement . +During the past decade the program has been carried on through expansion of free higher education in state universities , state colleges , and community colleges . +The reaffirmation of American faith in the comprehensive high school , as expressed in the Conant study , is another indication of the liveliness of the ideal of maximizing opportunity through the equalizing of educational opportunity . +

+

The recent federal government's student-loan program is another step in the direction of making higher education more available to lower-status youth . +It is probably more effective than the expanded scholarship programs of the past decade , because the scholarship programs mainly aided the students with the best academic records ( who were usually middle-class ) , and these students tended to use the scholarship funds to go to more expensive colleges . +Meanwhile , the private colleges have increased their tuition rates so much that they have raised an economic barrier which dwarfs their scholarship funds . +The gains in educational opportunity during the past decade have taken place largely in the publicly supported institutions . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/l15.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/l15.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8233dd85b31ad5b09cd9ec781601287bddce57eb --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/l15.xml @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ +Sample L15 from Doris Miles Disney, Mrs. Meeker's Money. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1961. Pp. 72-78. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 569 (28.4%) quotesL15

Used by permission of Doris M. Disney. 0009-1800

 Doris Miles Disney, Mrs. Meeker's Money. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1961. Pp. 72-78. +

Typographical Error: advise [for advice] [0940]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

`` Through a door conveniently unlocked '' , Madden supplemented . +

+

`` That damn door '' , said the police chief . +

+

`` A gift horse to be viewed with suspicion '' . +Madden's dark face wore a meditative look . +`` If there was collusion between an outside murderer and a member of the household it would be an elementary precaution to check on the door later . +And it makes a very poor red herring for an inside job . +Much better to break a cellar window '' . +

+

`` Don't forget , there was the hope it would pass for a natural death '' , Pauling reminded him . +

+

`` Well , with a house as big as that there must be at least one cellar window that wouldn't be noticed right away unless there was a police investigation '' . +

+

`` Yeah . +And a pane of glass isn't hard to '' -- +

+

The telephone interrupted him . +He scooped up the receiver and said , `` Police chief '' , into the mouthpiece , and then , `` Oh yes , Mr. Benson . +I was hoping I'd hear from you today '' . +

+

With his free hand he pulled a pad and pencil toward him and began to make notes as he listened , saying , `` Uh-huh '' and `` I see '' at intervals . +

+

At last he said , `` Well , thank you for calling , Mr. Benson . +Although there was no doubt in my mind and we've been handling it as one I'm glad to have it made official '' . +

+

He hung up . +`` Coroner '' , he said to Madden . +`` He's just heard from the pathologist who says Mrs. Meeker apparently died from suffocation '' . +Pauling looked at his notes . +`` Many minute hemorrhages in the lungs ; ; +particles of lint and thread in the mouth and nostrils . +Scrapings from the bed linen identical with the lint and thread found in the nasal and oral cavities . +No other cause of death apparent . +Trachea clear of mucus and foreign objects . +Brain examined for thrombosis , clot or hemorrhage . +No signs of these , no gross hemorrhage of lungs , heart , brain or stomach '' . +He paused . +`` That's about it . +Oh , the time of death . +The duration of the digestive process varies , the pathologist says , but the empty stomach and the findings in the upper gastrointestinal tract indicate that Mrs. Meeker died several hours after her seven-o'clock dinner . +Probably around midnight , give or take an hour either way '' . +

+

Pauling paused again . +`` So there it is '' , he said . +`` Not your problem , of course , unless Johnston and the murderer are one and the same '' . +

+

They discussed this possibility . +However likely it was , Pauling said , he couldn't limit himself to it . +He had to look for other prospects , other motives until more conclusive evidence pointing to Johnston came to light . +Madden , with his investigation centered on the fraud , said that tomorrow he would go to the Bronx bank through which Mrs. Meeker's checks to Johnston had cleared . +

+

Arthur Williams had to be located , they agreed . +He might have been in collusion with Johnston on the fraud ; ; +he might be Mrs. Meeker's murderer or have played some part in her death . +This was Madden's suggestion ; ; +the police chief shook his head over it . +If Arthur Williams was involved in the fraud or the murder , then he too had another identity . +No one the Medfield police had questioned professed to know any more about him than about Johnston . +

+

Scholarship applicant ? ? +Pauling looked doubtful . +Madden explained that he was thinking of an application sent directly to Mrs. Meeker . +Then he asked to use the phone and called Brian Thayer , who said that he was just leaving to keep a lunch date but would be home by two o'clock . +

+

Madden said that he would see him at two and made another call , this one to Mrs. Meeker's lawyers . +Mr. Hohlbein was out for the day , but Mr. Garth would be free at one-thirty . +The secretary's tone indicated that an appointment at such short notice was a concession for which Madden should be duly grateful . +

+

He inferred that Hohlbein and Garth were high-priced lawyers . +

+

He had lunch with Pauling . +Promptly at one-thirty he entered Hohlbein and Garth's elegant suite of offices in Medfield's newest professional building . +

+

He disliked Garth on sight , conservative clothes and haircut , smile a shade too earnestly boyish for a man who must be well into his thirties , handclasp too consciously quick and firm . +Youngish man on the make , Madden labeled him , and was ready to guess that in a correct , not too pushing fashion , the junior partner of the firm had political ambitions ; ; +that Mrs. Garth would be impeccably suitable as the wife of a rising young lawyer ; ; +that there were three children , two boys and a girl ; ; +that she was active in the Woman's Club and he in Lions , Rotary , and Jaycee ; ; +and finally , that neither of them had harbored an unorthodox opinion since their wedding day . +

+

Madden knew that he could be completely wrong about all this , but also knew that he would go right on disliking Garth . +

+

Garth was prepared to be helpful in what he referred to with fastidious distaste as this unfortunate Johnston affair , which would not , he said more than once , have ever come about if Mrs. Meeker had only seen fit to consult Mr. Hohlbein or him about it . +

+

Madden regretted not being able to find fault with so true a statement . +He asked to see a copy of Mrs. Meeker's will . +

+

Garth brought one out . +

+

The date , October 8 , 1957 , immediately caught the inspector's eye . +`` Fairly recent '' , he remarked . +`` Was she in the habit of making new wills '' ? ? +

+

`` Oh no . +She had reason to change the one she made right after Mr. Meeker's death . +Her estate had grown considerably . +She wanted to make a more equitable distribution of it among the groups that would benefit the most ; ; +particularly the scholarship fund . +At the time the will was drawn Mr. Hohlbein mentioned to me how mentally alert she seemed for her age , knowing just what changes she wanted made and so forth '' . +

+

Garth hesitated . +`` Mr. Hohlbein and I have noticed some lapses since , though . +Most of them this past year , I'd say . +Even two or three years ago I doubt that she'd have become involved in this unfortunate Johnston affair . +She'd have consulted us , you see . +She always did before , and showed the utmost confidence in whatever we advised '' . +

+

The inspector nodded , doubting this . +Mrs. Meeker hadn't struck him as ready to seek anyone's advice , least of all Garth's . +With her sharp tongue she'd have cut his pompousness to ribbons . +It would have been Hohlbein who handled her affairs . +

+

Madden settled back to read the will . +

+

He skimmed over the millions that went to Meeker Park , Medfield Hospital , the civic center , the Public Health Nursing Association , the library , and so on , pausing when he came to the scholarship fund . +Two millions were added to what had been set aside for it in Mrs. Meeker's lifetime , and the proviso made that as long as Brian Thayer continued to discharge his duties as administrator of the fund to the satisfaction of the board of trustees ( hereinafter appointed by the bank administering the estate ) he was to be retained in his present capacity at a salary commensurate with the increased responsibilities enlargement of the fund would entail . +

+

A splendid vote of confidence in Thayer , Madden reflected . +Tenure , too . +Very nice for him . +

+

He went on to personal bequests , a list of names largely unknown to him . +Twenty-five thousand to each of the great-nieces in Oregon ( not much to blood relatives out of millions ) ten thousand to this friend and that , five thousand to another ; ; +to Brian Thayer , the sum of ten thousand dollars ; ; +to the Pecks , ten thousand each ; ; +to Joan Sheldon the conditional bequest of ten thousand to be paid to her in the event that she was still in Mrs. Meeker's employ at the time of the latter's death . +( No additional five thousand for each year after Joan's twenty-first birthday ; ; +Mrs. Meeker hadn't got around to taking care of that . +

+

Too bad , Madden thought . +Joan Sheldon had earned the larger bequest . +

+

Mr. Hohlbein was left twenty thousand , Garth ten . +There were no other names Madden recognized . +Arthur Williams's might well have been included , he felt . +Mrs. Meeker had spent a small fortune on a search for him but had made no provision for him in her will if he should be found after her death , and had never mentioned his name to her lawyers . +

+

Madden took up this point with Garth , who shrugged it off . +`` Old people have their idiosyncrasies '' . +

+

`` This one came a bit high at thirty thousand or more . +

+

`` Well , she had a number of them where money was concerned '' , Garth said . +`` Sometimes we'd have trouble persuading her to make tax-exempt charitable contributions , and I've known her to quarrel with a plumber over a bill for fixing a faucet ; ; +the next moment she'd put another half million into the scholarship fund or thirty thousand into something as impractical as this unfortunate Johnston affair . +There was no telling how she'd react to spending money '' . +

+

Madden inquired next about the audit of the scholarship fund . +

+

There was an annual audit , Garth informed him . +No discrepancies or shortages had ever been found . +Brian Thayer was a thoroughly honest and competent administrator . +His salary had reached the ten thousand mark . +His expenses ran another four or five thousand . +The lawyer didn't know him very well although he saw him occasionally at some dinner party -- Thayer , like himself , Madden reflected , was the extra man so prized by hostesses -- and found him easy enough to talk to . +But he didn't play golf , didn't seem to belong to any local clubs -- his work took him away a lot , of course -- which probably accounted for his tendency to keep to himself . +

+

Garth's glance began to flicker to his watch . +

+

He said that he had already told the police chief that he didn't know what insurance man had recommended Johnston to Mrs. Meeker . +He would offer no theory to account for her murder . +The whole thing , his manner conveyed , was so far outside the normal routine of Hohlbein and Garth that it practically demanded being swept under the rug . +

+

No doubt Mrs. Meeker had snubbed him many a time and he felt no grief over her passing . +Even so , Madden's dislike of the suave , correct lawyer deepened . +It would be all right with him , he decided , if his investigation of the fraud , with its probable by-product of murder , led to Garth's door . +Motive ? ? +Ten-thousand-dollar bequest . +At first glance , not much of a motive for a man of his standing ; ; +but for all his air of affluence , who could tell what his private financial picture was ? ? +

+

The inspector knew as he left that this was wishful thinking . +Nevertheless , he made a mental note to look into Garth's financial background . +

+

Brian Thayer had a downtown address . +He lived in an apartment house not over three or four years old , a reclaimed island of landscaped brick and glass on the fringe of the business district . +

+

He occupied a two-bedroom apartment on the fourth floor , using the second bedroom as his office . +Airy and bright , the apartment was furnished with good modern furniture , rugs , and draperies . +Done by a professional decorator , Madden thought , and somehow as impersonal , as unremarkable as its occupant . +In Dunston the rent would run close to two hundred a month ; ; +in Medfield , perhaps twenty-five less , not all of it paid by Thayer , who could charge off one room on his expense account . +

+

He took Madden into the room he used as an office . +It contained a desk , files , a typewriter on a stand , and two big leather armchairs . +A newspaper open at stock-market reports lay on one of them . +Thayer folded it up and offered a drink . +

+

The inspector declined . +To begin the interview , he asked if Thayer , with more time to think it over , could add to what he had said the other day about Johnston . +

+

Thayer shook his head . +`` It's all I think about , too . +That and her death . +It's still unbelievable that it was murder . +For all her domineering ways , I can't conceive of her having had a deadly enemy '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/l16.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/l16.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ddf3b75612e49261b9203997e663b1513a5128d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/l16.xml @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ +Sample L16 from Alex Gordon, The Cipher. + New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961. Pp. 238-245. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,016 words 387 (19.2%) quotesL16

Used by permission of Alex Gordon.0010-1730

 Alex Gordon, The Cipher. + New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961. Pp. 238-245. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

`` Dammit , Phil , are you trying to wreck my career ? ? +Because that's what you're doing -- wrecking it , wrecking it , wrecking it '' ! ! +Griffith had confronted Hoag on the building's front steps -- Hoag had been permitted no further -- and backed him against a wrought-iron railing . +His rage had built up as he made his way here from the second floor , helped by the quantity of champagne he had consumed . +

+

Hoag said , `` I didn't send for you , Leigh . +I want the captain in charge . +Where is he '' ? ? +

+

`` Phil , for God's sake , go away . +The undersecretary's in there . +I told you there's nothing between Midge and me , nothing . +It's all in your mind '' . +A couple of sobs escaped him , followed by a sentiment that revealed his emotional state . +`` Why , I'm not fit to touch the hem of her garment '' . +

+

`` Leigh , get a grip on yourself . +It's not about you or Midge . +I have some security information about the prime minister '' . +

+

Griffith looked at him suspiciously through red-rimmed eyes . +`` Not about me ? ? +You mean it , Phil ? ? +You wouldn't pull my leg , old man ? ? +I did get you on the platform this morning '' . +

+

`` I'm not pulling your leg . +Will you call that captain '' ? ? +

+

`` No use , he won't come '' . +He peered closely at Hoag in the gathering darkness . +`` What happened to your head '' ? ? +

+

`` I was hit -- knocked out . +Now will you get him '' ? ? +

+

`` He says I'm to take the message '' . +He stared at Hoag drunkenly . +`` Who'd hit you in the head '' ? ? +

+

`` It doesn't matter . +You get back to the captain and tell him this : Somebody's going to take a shot at the prime minister , and Mahzeer is in on the plot . +Tell him under no circumstances to trust the prime minister with Mahzeer '' . +

+

Griffith said , `` That's impossible . +Mahzeer's the ambassador '' . +

+

`` Nevertheless it's true '' . +

+

`` Impossible '' . +Griffith was trying to clear his head of the champagne fuzz that encased it . +`` I'll show you how wrong you are . +Mahzeer and the prime minister are alone right now '' . +He nodded triumphantly . +`` So that proves it '' ! ! +

+

Hoag looked terrified . +`` Where are they '' ? ? +

+

`` Where'd you expect , the john ? ? +Mahzeer's office '' . +

+

`` Where is that '' ? ? +

+

`` Facing us , two flights up . +Look , old man , you can't go up . +They won't even let you in the front door . +So why don't you be a good boy and '' -- +

+

Hoag grabbed him by the shoulders . +`` Listen to me , Leigh . +If you want to spend another day in the State Department -- another day -- you get in there and tell that captain what I told you '' . +He bit out the words . +`` And you know I can do it '' . +

+

Griffith raised placating hands . +`` Easy does it , Phil . +I was just going . +I'm on my way '' . +He turned and fled into the house and made his way up the marble stairs without once looking back . +On the second landing he paused to look for Docherty , didn't see him , and accepted a glass of champagne . +He took several large swallows , recollected that Docherty had gone up another flight , and decided he would be wise to cover himself by finding him . +The way Hoag was , no telling what he might say or do . +He finished his champagne and climbed uncertainly to the next landing . +At the top a uniformed officer blocked further progress . +`` Yes , what is it '' ? ? +He asked . +

+

`` I want Captain Docherty '' . +He spotted Docherty coming out of a room at the far end of the corridor and called to him . +

+

Docherty said , `` It's okay , Bonfiglio , let him by '' . +They walked toward each other . +`` Well '' ? ? +

+

Griffith said , `` Hoag told me to tell you '' -- he waited until they were close ; ; +it was hideously embarrassing -- `` not to let the prime minister be alone with Mahzeer '' . +

+

Griffith looked half-crocked to the captain ; ; +it would be just like him . +`` Why not '' ? ? +

+

`` He claims Mahzeer's in a plot to kill the P.M. '' . +

+

Docherty went taut : was it possible ? ? +Could the ambassador himself be the man on this side the prime minister feared ? ? +Not possible , he thought ; ; +the prime minister knew who his enemy was here ; ; +he wasn't going to allow himself to be led meekly to the slaughter . +And if by some wild chance Mahzeer was the man , he wouldn't dare try anything now -- not after Docherty had looked in on the two of them to see that all was well . +Docherty was damned if he would make a fool of himself again the way he had earlier over the laundry truck . +One more muddleheaded play like that one and they'd be leading him away . +Still , this had to be checked out . +

+

`` Where'd your friend Hoag get his information '' ? ? +He asked . +

+

`` Haven't the faintest , Captain '' . +

+

`` Would you mind sending him up here ? ? +I'd like to talk to him '' . +Troubled , he continued along the corridor , poking his head into the next office for a careful look around . +

+

But Hoag had not stayed on the front steps when Griffith disappeared into the building . +He was unwilling to rely on Griffith's carrying his message , and he had no confidence the police would act on it . +If Mahzeer was alone with the prime minister he could be arranging his execution while Hoag stood out here shivering in the darkening street . +He would have to do something on his own . +But what ? ? +

+

The door opened and three men and a woman in a sari swept past him and down the stairs . +In the lighted interior he saw other men and women struggling into their wraps . +These were the early departures ; ; +in half an hour the reception would be over . +If Mahzeer was planning to set up the prime minister for Muller he would have to do it in the next few minutes . +Hoag descended the stone steps to the street and looked up at the building . +Wide windows with many small leaded panes swept across the upper stories . +On the second floor he saw the animated faces of the party guests ; ; +the scene looked like a Christmas card . +On the third floor one of the two windows was lighted ; ; +it was framed in maroon drapes , and no faces were visible . +This would be Mahzeer's office . +He and the prime minister would be back from the window , seated at Mahzeer's desk ; ; +they would be going over papers Mahzeer had saved as excuse for just such a meeting . +In a minute , or five minutes , the business would be done ; ; +Mahzeer would stand up , the prime minister would follow . +Mahzeer would direct the prime minister's attention to something out the window and would guide him forward and then step to one side . +The single shot would come ; ; +Hoag would carry its sound to his grave . +Mahzeer , of course , would be desolate . +How was he to suspect that an assassin had been lurking somewhere across the street waiting for just such a chance ? ? +

+

Hoag turned . +Where across the street ? ? +Where was Muller waiting with the rifle ? ? +Narrow four-story buildings ran the length of the block like books tightly packed on a shelf . +Most of them could be eliminated ; ; +Muller's would have to be one of the half dozen almost directly opposite . +The legation was generously set back from the building line ; ; +if the angle of fire were too great the jutting buildings on either side would interfere . +Would the shot come from a roof ? ? +He ran his eye along the roof copings ; ; +almost at once a figure bulked up . +But dully glinting on the dark form were the buttons and badge of a policeman . +With a cop patrolling the road Muller would have to be inside a building -- if he was here at all , and not waiting for the prime minister somewhere between this street and the terminal building at La Guardia Airport . +

+

Hoag crossed the narrow street , squeezing between parked cars to reach the sidewalk . +From this side he could see farther into the legation's third-story window , but he saw no faces ; ; +the room's occupants were still seated or they had been called into the hallway by an alarmed police captain . +If only the latter were true . +He walked rapidly along the buildings scanning their facades : one was a club -- that was out ; ; +two others he ruled out because all their windows were lighted . +That left three , possibly four , one looking much like the next . +He climbed the steps of the first and opened the door to the vestibule . +He quickly closed it again . +He had assumed that all these buildings had been divided into apartments , but this one , from a glance at the hall furnishings , was obviously still a functioning town house , and its owners were in residence ; ; +that made it doubtful as the hiding place of a man whose plans had to be made in advance . +

+

He went on to the next building and found what he expected -- the mingled cooking aromas of a public vestibule . +On one wall was the brass front of a row of mailboxes ; ; +there were six apartments . +Now what ? ? +The names on the mailboxes meant nothing to him . +This was senseless -- he had no idea what to look for . +He peered in the boxes themselves ; ; +all were empty except one , and that one was jammed with letters and magazines . +The occupants of Apartment Number 3 were probably away for a few days , and not likely to return on a Friday . +Had Muller made the same deduction ? ? +Muller was attracted to the lore of mailboxes . +

+

He opened the inner door ; ; +the cooking odors were stronger -- all over the city , at this hour , housewives would be fussing over stoves . +He climbed , as quickly as he could urge his body , up the two unbroken flights to the third floor , pulling himself along on a delicate balustrade , all that remained of the building's beauty . +He paused on the landing to steady his breathing and then bent to examine the single door by the light of the weak bulb overhead . +Now he was certain : the lock had not yielded to Muller's collection of keys ; ; +fresh scars showed that the door had been prized open . +It had been shut again , but the lock was broken ; ; +he noted with a thrill of fear that the door moved under his touch . +

+

What was he to do now ? ? +He had thought no further than finding Muller . +He realized now he had more than half hoped he wouldn't find him -- that Muller would not be here , that the attempt would be scheduled for somewhere beyond Hoag's control . +He could not break in on an armed man . +He would have to climb back down to the street and signal a cop . +Was there time ? ? +

+

His thoughts were scattered by the sharp report of a rifle from the other side of the door . +Hoag pushed open the door : at the far end of the long dark room Muller was faintly silhouetted against the window , the rifle still raised ; ; +he stood with his feet apart on a kitchen table he had dragged to the sill . +He turned his head to the source of the disturbance and instantly back to the window and his rifle sight , dismissing Hoag for the moment with the same contempt he had shown in their encounter at Hoag's apartment . +

+

Hoag stretched his left hand to the wall and fumbled for the switch : evil flourishes in the dark . +The room was bathed in light at the instant Muller's second shot came . +Muller , nakedly exposed at the bright window like a deer pinned in a car's headlights , threw down the rifle and turned to jump from the table ; ; +his face wore a look of outrage . +A shot caught him and straightened him up in screaming pain ; ; +a following volley of shots shattered glass , ripped the ceiling , and sent him lurching heavily from the table . +He was dead before his body made contact with the floor . +Hoag stumbled back into the hall , leaned against the wall , and started to retch . +

+

After Captain Docherty sent Arleigh Griffith for Hoag he was able to complete his detailed inspection of the third floor and to receive a report from his man covering the floors above before Griffith returned , buoyed up by a brief stop for another glass of champagne . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/m06.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/m06.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e45f734cc41a23756e0295af073d8be338b8ee6e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/m06.xml @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ +Sample M06 from Cordwainer Smith, "A Planet Named Shayol," 7th Annual Edition + The Year's Best S-F, edited by Judith Merril, pp. 353-358. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,017 words 367 (18.2%) quotesM06

Used by permission of Cordwainer Smith; originally published in

 Cordwainer Smith, "A Planet Named Shayol," 7th Annual Edition + The Year's Best S-F, edited by Judith Merril, pp. 353-358. +

Typographical Error: time [for times] [1110]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

It would have killed you in the cabin . +Do you have anything for me '' ? ? +

+

Mercer stammered , not knowing what B'dikkat meant , and the two-nosed man answered for him , `` I think he has a nice baby head , but it isn't big enough for you to take yet '' . +

+

Mercer never noticed the needle touch his arm . +

+

B'dikkat had turned to the next knot of people when the super-condamine hit Mercer . +

+

He tried to run after B'dikkat , to hug the lead spacesuit , to tell B'dikkat that he loved him . +He stumbled and fell , but it did not hurt . +

+

The many-bodied girl lay near him . +Mercer spoke to her . +

+

`` Isn't it wonderful ? ? +You're beautiful , beautiful , beautiful . +I'm so happy to be here '' . +

+

The woman covered with growing hands came and sat beside them . +She radiated warmth and good fellowship . +Mercer thought that she looked very distinguished and charming . +He struggled out of his clothes . +It was foolish and snobbish to wear clothing when none of these nice people did . +

+

The two women babbled and crooned at him . +

+

With one corner of his mind he knew that they were saying nothing , just expressing the euphoria of a drug so powerful that the known universe had forbidden it . +With most of his mind he was happy . +He wondered how anyone could have the good luck to visit a planet as nice as this . +He tried to tell the Lady Da , but the words weren't quite straight . +

+

A painful stab hit him in the abdomen . +The drug went after the pain and swallowed it . +It was like the cap in the hospital , only a thousand times better . +The pain was gone , though it had been crippling the first time . +

+

He forced himself to be deliberate . +He rammed his mind into focus and said to the two ladies who lay pinkly nude beside him in the desert , `` That was a good bite . +Maybe I will grow another head . +That would make B'dikkat happy '' ! ! +

+

The Lady Da forced the foremost of her bodies in an upright position . +Said she , `` I'm strong , too . +I can talk . +Remember , man , remember . +People never live forever . +We can die , too , we can die like real people . +I do so believe in death '' ! ! +

+

Mercer smiled at her through his happiness . +

+

`` Of course you can . +But isn't this nice '' +

+

With this he felt his lips thicken and his mind go slack . +He was wide awake , but he did not feel like doing anything . +In that beautiful place , among all those companionable and attractive people , he sat and smiled . +

+

B'dikkat was sterilizing his knives . +

+

Mercer wondered how long the super-condamine had lasted him . +He endured the ministrations of the dromozoa without screams or movement . +The agonies of nerves and itching of skin were phenomena which happened somewhere near him , but meant nothing . +He watched his own body with remote , casual interest . +The Lady Da and the hand-covered woman stayed near him . +After a long time the half-man dragged himself over to the group with his powerful arms . +Having arrived he blinked sleepily and friendlily at them , and lapsed back into the restful stupor from which he had emerged . +Mercer saw the sun rise on occasion , closed his eyes briefly , and opened them to see stars shining . +Time had no meaning . +The dromozoa fed him in their mysterious way ; ; +the drug canceled out his needs for cycles of the body . +

+

At last he noticed a return of the inwardness of pain . +

+

The pains themselves had not changed ; ; +he had . +

+

He knew all the events which could take place on Shayol . +He remembered them well from his happy period . +Formerly he had noticed them -- now he felt them . +

+

He tried to ask the Lady Da how long they had had the drug , and how much longer they would have to wait before they had it again . +She smiled at him with benign , remote happiness ; ; +apparently her many torsos , stretched out along the ground , had a greater capacity for retaining the drug than did his body . +She meant him well , but was in no condition for articulate speech . +

+

The half-man lay on the ground , arteries pulsating prettily behind the half-transparent film which protected his abdominal cavity . +

+

Mercer squeezed the man's shoulder . +

+

The half-man woke , recognized Mercer and gave him a healthily sleepy grin . +

+

`` ' A good morrow to you , my boy . +That's out of a play . +Did you ever see a play '' ? ? +

+

`` You mean a game with cards '' ? ? +

+

`` No '' , said the half-man , `` a sort of eye-machine with real people doing the figures '' . +

+

`` I never saw that '' , said Mercer , `` but I '' -- +

+

`` But you want to ask me when B'dikkat is going to come back with the needle '' . +

+

`` Yes '' , said Mercer , a little ashamed of his obviousness . +

+

`` Soon '' , said the half-man . +That's why I think of plays . +We all know what is going to happen . +We all know when it is going to happen . +We all know what the dummies will do '' -- he gestured at the hummocks in which the decorticated men were cradled -- `` and we all know what the new people will ask . +But we never know how long a scene is going to take '' . +

+

`` What's a ' scene ' '' ? ? +Asked Mercer . +`` Is that the name for the needle '' ? ? +

+

The half-man laughed with something close to real humor . +`` No , no , no . +You've got the lovelies on the brain . +A scene is just a part of a play . +I mean we know the order in which things happen , but we have no clocks and nobody cares enough to count days or to make calendars and there's not much climate here , so none of us know how long anything takes . +The pain seems short and the pleasure seems long . +I'm inclined to think that they are about two Earth-weeks each '' . +

+

Mercer did not know what an `` Earth-week '' was , since he had not been a well-read man before his conviction , but he got nothing more from the half-man at that time . +The half-man received a dromozootic implant , turned red in the face , shouted senselessly at Mercer , `` Take it out , you fool ! ! +Take it out of me '' ! ! +

+

When Mercer looked on helplessly , the half-man twisted over on his side , his pink dusty back turned to Mercer , and wept hoarsely and quietly to himself . +

+

Mercer himself could not tell how long it was before B'dikkat came back . +It might have been several days . +It might have been several months . +

+

Once again B'dikkat moved among them like a father ; ; +once again they clustered like children . +This time B'dikkat smiled pleasantly at the little head which had grown out of Mercer's thigh -- a sleeping child's head , covered with light hair on top and with dainty eyebrows over the resting eyes . +Mercer got the blissful needle . +

+

When B'dikkat cut the head from Mercer's thigh , he felt the knife grinding against the cartilage which held the head to his own body . +He saw the child-face grimace as the head was cut ; ; +he felt the far , cool flash of unimportant pain , as B'dikkat dabbed the wound with a corrosive antiseptic which stopped all bleeding immediately . +

+

The next time it was two legs growing from his chest . +

+

Then there had been another head beside his own . +

+

Or was that after the torso and legs , waist to toe-tips , of the little girl which had grown from his side ? ? +

+

He forgot the order . +

+

He did not count time . +

+

Lady Da smiled at him often , but there was no love in this place . +She had lost the extra torsos . +In between teratologies , she was a pretty and shapely woman ; ; +but the nicest thing about their relationship was her whisper to him , repeated some thousands of time , repeated with smiles and hope , `` People never live forever '' . +

+

She found this immensely comforting , even though Mercer did not make much sense out of it . +

+

Thus events occurred , and victims changed in appearance , and new ones arrived . +Sometimes B'dikkat took the new ones , resting in the everlasting sleep of their burned-out brains , in a ground-truck to be added to other herds . +The bodies in the truck threshed and bawled without human speech when the dromozoa struck them . +

+

Finally , Mercer did manage to follow B'dikkat to the door of the cabin . +He had to fight the bliss of super-condamine to do it . +Only the memory of previous hurt , bewilderment and perplexity made him sure that if he did not ask B'dikkat when he , Mercer , was happy , the answer would no longer be available when he needed it . +Fighting pleasure itself , he begged B'dikkat to check the records and to tell him how long he had been there . +

+

B'dikkat grudgingly agreed , but he did not come out of the doorway . +He spoke through the public address box built into the cabin , and his gigantic voice roared out over the empty plain , so that the pink herd of talking people stirred gently in their happiness and wondered what their friend B'dikkat might be wanting to tell them . +When he said it , they thought it exceedingly profound , though none of them understood it , since it was simply the amount of time that Mercer had been on Shayol : +

+

`` Standard years -- eighty-four years , seven months , three days , two hours , eleven and one half minutes . +Good luck , fellow '' . +

+

Mercer turned away . +

+

The secret little corner of his mind , which stayed sane through happiness and pain , made him wonder about B'dikkat . +What persuaded the cow-man to remain on Shayol ? ? +What kept him happy without super-condamine ? ? +Was B'dikkat a crazy slave to his own duty or was he a man who had hopes of going back to his own planet some day , surrounded by a family of little cow-people resembling himself ? ? +Mercer , despite his happiness , wept a little at the strange fate of B'dikkat . +His own fate he accepted . +

+

He remembered the last time he had eaten -- actual eggs from an actual pan . +The dromozoa kept him alive , but he did not know how they did it . +

+

He staggered back to the group . +The Lady Da , naked in the dusty plain , waved a hospitable hand and showed that there was a place for him to sit beside her . +There were unclaimed square miles of seating space around them , but he appreciated the kindliness of her gesture none the less . +

+

4 , +The years , if they were years , went by . +The land of Shayol did not change . +

+

Sometimes the bubbling sound of geysers came faintly across the plain to the herd of men ; ; +those who could talk declared it to be the breathing of Captain Alvarez . +There was night and day , but no setting of crops , no change of season , no generations of men . +Time stood still for these people , and their load of pleasure was so commingled with the shocks and pains of the dromozoa that the words of the Lady Da took on very remote meaning . +

+

`` People never live forever '' . +

+

Her statement was a hope , not a truth in which they could believe . +They did not have the wit to follow the stars in their courses , to exchange names with each other , to harvest the experience of each for the wisdom of all . +There was no dream of escape for these people . +Though they saw the old-style chemical rockets lift up from the field beyond B'dikkat's cabin , they did not make plans to hide among the frozen crop of transmuted flesh . +

+

Far long ago , some other prisoner than one of these had tried to write a letter . +His handwriting was on a rock . +Mercer read it , and so had a few of the others , but they could not tell which man had done it . +Nor did they care . +

+

The letter , scraped on stone , had been a message home . +They could still read the opening : `` Once , I was like you , stepping out of my window at the end of day , and letting the winds blow me gently toward the place I lived in . +Once , like you , I had one head , two hands , ten fingers on my hands . +The front part of my head was called a face , and I could talk with it . +Now I can only write , and that only when I get out of pain . +

+

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Copyright1961 by HMH Publishing Co., Inc. Used by permission. 0010-1750

 T. K. Brown III, "The Fifteenth Station," Playboy, 8: 7 + (July, 1961), 36-38. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Now , the next morning , they were anchored at The Elbow and the boat was riding directly over the underwater ledge where the green water turned to deepest blue and the cliff dropped straight down 600 fathoms , with the weighted line beside it ; ; +and Robinson Roy , who had gone down this line ten minutes before to set a new depth record for the free dive , was already back on the surface . +

+

He and his safety man , Herr Schaffner , swam up to the boarding ladder together . +The German courteously indicated that Robinson should mount first . +Robinson clambered heavily into the boat , sat down , and stripped off his triple-tank assembly . +He was frowning . +He took his mask from his forehead and threw it , unexpectedly , across the deck . +

+

`` Temper , temper '' , Mrs. Forsythe said , laughing uneasily . +A phony blonde hanging onto a bygone youth and beauty , but irreparably stringy in the neck , she was already working on her second gin and tonic , though it was not yet ten A.M. +

+

`` I loused it '' , Rob said , with a savage note in his voice . +`` All I have to do to set the record is to go on down . +So instead I come up '' . +

+

`` Was it my equipment '' ? ? +The German asked . +`` Was it something went bad with the breathing '' ? ? +

+

`` The equipment was fine '' , Rob stated , standing up . +He was a huge young man of twenty-four , clothed in muscle , immensely strong , with a habitual gentleness and diffidence of manner that was submerged under his present agitation . +He stared stonily at the floor . +`` I was down to 275 . +I've been that far half a dozen times . +I don't get it why this time I should pull such a stupid trick '' . +

+

`` Well , I get it '' , Artie said , still on the ladder . +`` You are a big muscle-bound ape and you got this idea about setting a record . +And you also got this little spark in your bird-brain that tells you to turn around before you drown yourself . +So you turn around '' . +

+

`` No , it wasn't that '' , Rob said . +A note of awe came into his voice . +`` When I came up , damnit , I thought I was going down . +I came up maybe fifty feet before I knew what was happening '' . +

+

`` Pressure-happy '' , Artie said , and climbed in . +

+

`` That's right '' , Robinson said . +`` I was expecting it , sure . +But when it happens to you like that , I tell you , and you're a hundred feet from where you thought you were -- well , it makes you think . +You don't head back down again . +Not me , anyway . +Not right away '' . +He had his voice under control again : no one became aware that he was terrified by what had just happened to him . +

+

Waddell , the newspaperman , was a fellow in his middle forties , with a graying crewcut , heavy-framed glasses , and a large jaw padded with fat . +Now he was going to show how much he knew . +`` Our boy didn't chicken out , no sir . +He ran into the rapture of the depths . +Nitrogen narcosis . +It makes the diver feel drunk '' . +

+

`` Well , that's the only way to be '' , Mrs. Forsythe said , and gave her brassy laugh . +

+

`` Maybe not , if you're 200 feet under water '' , Artie said . +

+

`` Anyway '' , Waddell went on . +`` It's nothing to fool with . +It can kill you . +Personally , I don't blame him for giving up the dive , much as I regret losing the story '' . +

+

`` Nobody's giving anything up '' , Robinson said . +He stood there , towering over them all : gentle , mighty , determined , the moving force in the group ; ; +and yet like a child among adults . +`` You think I got you and Artie and Herr Schaffner all the way out here just for the boat ride ? ? +I'm going down again '' . +

+

`` That's my boy '' ! ! +Mr. Forsythe exclaimed . +`` Rob's not going to give up as easy as all that '' . +He was a florid , puffy man in his early sixties , very natty in his yachting cap , striped jacket and white flannels . +He went to Key West every fall and winter and was the only man in town who did not know that his title of `` Commodore '' was never used without irony . +Old Commodore Forsythe , who had once lost a fifty-dollar bet on whether he could get both motors started and turn on the running lights without accidentally turning on something else first . +Now it did not occur to him even to wonder whether it was wise for Robinson to dive again : Rob was his boy , the kid he had rescued from the streets , the object of his pride . +

+

`` Why '' , he went on , `` when Rob asked me if he could make his dive on this trip , I didn't think twice about it . +I've helped him along ever since he was a youngster hanging around his brother's tackle shop . +Hell , I gave him the first decent job he ever had , six , seven -- how many years ago was it , Rob '' ? ? +

+

`` Seven years ago , Commodore '' , Rob said impassively . +He was thinking , big deal : skipper on his drunken fishing parties for seven years and no better off than when I started . +`` Excuse me '' , he said abruptly . +He went down the steps to the galley and sleeping quarters ; ; +went into the forward stateroom and locked the door behind him . +

+

`` When you gotta go , you gotta go '' , Mrs. Forsythe said . +

+

Waddell muttered something about taking a look around and climbed up to the flying bridge . +He was disturbed by what had happened on the dive and by what he remembered of a conversation he had had the night before with the German , who had come out of the head while he was fixing himself a drink in the galley . +

+

`` Hi there , Schaffner '' , he had said . +`` Can I make you one '' ? ? +

+

`` No thank you very much '' , Schaffner had answered in his accented English . +`` I do not drink so much , thank you '' . +

+

Waddell had looked the man over , trying to size him up . +He was in his early forties , rather short and very compactly built , and with a manner that was reserved and stiff despite his efforts to adapt himself to American ways . +His open face seemed to promise a sort of innocence , until one looked into his eyes , which had no warmth in them but only alert intelligence . +Waddell had heard that he had been a commando in Rommel's Afrika Corps , and he said to himself : I'd hate to run into him in the desert on a dark night . +Aloud he had said , making conversation : +

+

`` Rob tells me he's using your Atlantis equipment on the dive '' . +

+

`` Yes '' , Herr Schaffner had said . +

+

`` He's one hell of a decent boy . +I like that kid '' . +

+

`` I agree , yes '' . +

+

`` And if the dive goes OK he has the exclusive import rights to your line for this country , is that right '' ? ? +

+

`` Well , no '' , Herr Schaffner said . +

+

Waddell turned to face him . +`` No '' ? ? +He asked . +`` But that's what he told me . +Why , that's his main reason for making the dive '' . +

+

Shaffner looked at him , altogether without guile , and shrugged his shoulders , making a little spreading gesture with his two hands . +

+

`` What do you mean '' ? ? +Waddell asked , frowning . +

+

`` Please let me explain '' , the German said earnestly , his face still devoid of deceit . +`` I have in Europe a gross business of seven million dollars the year . +Now I wish to enter the American market , where the competition is very strong . +I must have a powerful representative here , a firm with a national distribution and ten , twenty thousand dollars to advertise my products . +With all respect to a fine young man , Mr. Roy is not able to provide these necessaries '' . +

+

Waddell was not an eminently moral person , but he did not like what he had just heard . +`` Did you tell him all this '' ? ? +He asked . +

+

`` Perhaps not in so many words '' , the German said . +`` But surely you have misunderstood Mr. Roy . +Never , never did I offer him the exclusive rights . +We spoke of the need for advertising , and I agreed that the deep dive would be most useful for publicity . +He was most eager to make the dive ; ; +of course , I was willing . +But there was no definite agreement about business arrangements '' . +

+

`` Well , damn '' , Waddell said . +There was the end of his front-page feature story , with byline . +He started out the door . +

+

`` One moment '' ! ! +Herr Schaffner said . +`` You intend to speak with Mr. Roy '' ? ? +

+

`` What else '' ? ? +Waddell asked . +

+

`` If you will pardon , I think it would be better if not . +Mr. Roy is determined to make this dive . +Whatever you tell him he will dive . +I know this from my talks with him '' . +

+

`` Well , let's let him make up his own mind , OK '' ? ? +Waddell said . +`` On the basis of the facts '' . +

+

`` You will make him unhappy and anxious '' , the German said . +`` At 200 , 300 , 400 feet under the water , when he must be paying very much attention , he will be thinking about what you are telling him . +It is not good , Mr. Waddell : you will do him great harm '' . +

+

There was no doubt that Herr Schaffner meant every word of what he said . +Waddell came back from the door and sat on a bunk . +

+

`` I am an honest man '' , the German said with fervor . +`` I will give Mr. Roy his due for this dive . +I will make him distributor for all of Florida -- a big market . +All tourists come to Florida . +This will help him to get out of his little tackle shop . +Yes ! ! +But there is no use causing him to worry at this time '' . +

+

The German's words worked on the newspaperman like a reprieve from an odious duty . +He took a big swig of his drink . +It would be a colossal shame to throw away a story like this . +`` I think maybe you're right , Schaffner '' , he said . +`` He has the distributorship for Florida , you say '' ? ? +

+

`` Yes '' , the German said . +`` At least for South Florida '' . +

+

`` By God '' , Waddell said , `` we don't want to upset the boy at this time of all times . +I guess you're right '' . +He sloshed his drink around and drained it in a few large gulps . +The story was shaping up nicely in his mind : the young pioneer , as of old , altruistically braving the unknown ; ; +the rewards prompt and juicy in modern big-business America . +`` Join me in another '' ? ? +He had asked . +

+

`` Thank you '' , the German had said courteously . +`` I do not drink so much '' . +

+

Now , in that same cabin , Robinson fell to his knees beside a bunk . +Fear and relief mingled in his churning emotions . +He pressed his palms together and addressed himself to the patron saint of divers in a hurried and anxious whisper . +

+

`` Blessed Saint Nicholas , I thank thee for getting me out of that mess and sending me up instead of down when I was bewildered . +And when I make the dive again '' -- He paused ; ; +crossed himself ; ; +said a Hail Mary , slowly and with understanding . +Folding between his hands the cross that hung from his neck , he took his appeal direct to Headquarters . +`` Holy Mary , Mother of God , Star of the Sea , stay Thou with me on this next dive . +Make it come off all right . +Let me set the record this time , and let me get back OK , so the German will give me the exclusive . +And make my life different and better from this time on . +Amen '' . +

+

He crossed himself again and rose . +He felt a good deal less shaky . +As he reached for the door there was a knock on it and when he opened he found Artie , who came in and sat down on a bunk . +Artie had picked up a snorkle and was twirling it on his forefinger . +He waited awhile before he said , `` Roy , you know your decompression table , don't you '' ? ? +

+

`` You know I know it '' , Robinson answered warily . +

+

`` You came straight up from 275 without a stop '' , Artie said . +

+

`` Well , I was a little bit confused . +Anyway , I wasn't down long enough to matter . +You don't see me stretched out on the deck , do you '' ? ? +

+

`` You know what they say about two deep dives in one day '' , Artie went on , still twirling the snorkle and studying it intently . +`` I don't think you should go down again '' . +

+

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Used by permission of Jay Williams.0010-1710

 Jay Williams, The Forger. + New York: Atheneum, 1961. Pp. 4-8. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Among us , we three handled quite a few small commissions , from spot drawings for advertising agencies uptown to magazine work and quick lettering jobs . +Each of us had his own specialty besides . +George did wonderful complicated pen-and-ink drawings like something out of a medieval miniature : hundreds of delicate details crammed into an eight-by-ten sheet and looking as if they had been done under a jeweler's glass . +He also drew precise crisp spots , which he sold to various literary and artistic journals , The New Yorker , for instance , or Esquire . +I did book jackets and covers for paperback reprints : naked girls huddling in corners of dingy furnished rooms while at the doorway , daring the cops to take him , is the guy in shirt sleeves clutching a revolver . +The book could be The Brothers Karamazov , but it would still have the same jacket illustration . +I remember once I did a jacket for Magpie Press ; ; +the book was a fine historical novel about Edward 3 , , and I did a week of research to get the details just right : the fifteenth-century armor , furnishings , clothes . +I even ferreted out the materials from which shields were made -- linden wood covered with leather -- so I'd get the light reflections accurate . +McKenzie , the art editor , took one look at my finished sketch and said , `` Nothing doing , Rufus . +In the first place , it's static ; ; +in the second place , it doesn't look authentic ; ; +and in the third place , it would cost a fortune to reproduce in the first place -- you've got six colors there including gold '' . +I said , `` Mr. McKenzie , it is as authentic as careful research can make it '' . +He said , `` That may be , but it isn't authentic the way readers think . +They know from their researches into television and the movies that knights in the middle ages had beautiful flowing haircuts like Little Lord Fauntleroy , and only the villains had beards . +And girls couldn't have dressed like that -- it isn't transparent enough '' . +In the end , I did the same old picture , the naked girl and the guy in the doorway , only I put a Lord Byron shirt on the guy , gave him a sword instead of a pistol , and painted in furniture from the stills of a costume movie . +McKenzie was as happy as a clam . +`` That's authenticity '' , he said . +

+

As for Donald , he actually sold paintings . +We all painted in our spare time , and we had all started as easel painters with scholarships , but he was the only one of us who made any regular money at it . +Not much ; ; +he sold perhaps three or four a year , and usually all to Joyce Monmouth or her friends . +He had style , a real inner vision of his very own . +It was strange stuff -- it reminded me of the pictures of a child , but a child who has never played with other kids and has lived all its life with adults . +There was the freshness of color , the freedom of perception , the lack of self-consciousness , but with a twist that made the forms leap from the page and smack you in the eye . +We used to kid him by saying he only painted that way because he was so nearsighted . +It may have been true for all I know , because his glasses were like the bottoms of milk bottles , but it didn't prevent the paintings from being exciting . +He also had , at times , an uncanny absent-minded air like a sleepwalker ; ; +he would look right through you while you were talking to him , and if you said , `` For Christ's sake , Donald , you've got Prussian blue all over your shirt '' , he would smile , and nod , and an hour later the paint would be all over his pants as well . +Mrs. Monmouth thought of him as her discovery , and she paid two to three hundred dollars for a painting . +It was all gravy , and Donald didn't need much to live on ; ; +none of us did . +We shared the expenses of the studio , and we all lived within walking distance of it , in cheap lodgings of one kind or another . +

+

Attending the life class was my idea -- or rather , Askington's idea , but I was ripe for it , and the other two wouldn't have gone if I hadn't talked them into it . +I wanted to paint again . +I hadn't done a serious picture in almost a year . +It wasn't just the pressure of work , although that was the excuse I often used , even to myself . +It was the kind of work I was doing , the quality of the ambition it awoke in me , that kept me from painting . +I kept saying , `` If I could just build up a reputation for myself , make some real money , get to be well known as an illustrator -- like Peter Askington , for instance -- then I could take some time off and paint '' . +Askington was a kind of goal I set myself ; ; +I had admired him long before I talked to him . +It looked to me as though he had everything an artist could want , joy in his work , standing in the profession , a large and steady income . +The night we first met , at one of Mrs. Monmouth's giant parties , he was wearing a brown cashmere jacket with silver buttons and a soft pink Viyella shirt ; ; +instead of a necktie he wore a leather bolo drawn through a golden ring in which was set a lump of pale pure jade . +This set his tone : richness of texture and color , and another kind of richness as well , for his clothing and decorations would have paid the Brush-off's rent for a year . +He was fifteen years older than I -- forty-four -- but full of spring and sparkle . +He didn't look like what I thought of as an old man , and his lively and erudite speech made him seem even younger . +He was one of the most prominent magazine illustrators in America ; ; +you saw one of his paintings on the cover of one or another of the slick national magazines every month . +Life had included him in its `` Modern American Artists '' series and had photographed him at his studio in the East Sixties ; ; +the corner of it you could see in the photograph looked as though it ought to have Velasquez in it painting the royalty of Spain . +

+

I had a long talk with him . +We went into Mrs. Monmouth's library , which had low bookshelves all along the walls , and above them a Modigliani portrait , a Jackson Pollock twelve feet long , and a gorgeous Miro with a yellow background , that looked like an inscription from a Martian tomb . +The fireplace had tiles made for Mrs. Monmouth by Picasso himself . +Like certain expensive restaurants , just sitting there gave you the illusion of being wealthy yourself . +

+

In the course of our talk , Askington mentioned that he spent part of each week studying . +`` By yourself '' ? ? +I asked . +`` No , I take classes with different people '' , he said . +`` I don't think I've reached the point , yet , where I can say I know everything I ought to know about the craft . +Besides , it's important to the way a painter thinks that he should move in a certain atmosphere , an atmosphere in which he may absorb the ideas of other masters , as Durer went to Italy to meet Bellini and Mantegna '' . +

+

He made a circle with his thumb and fingers . +`` Painting isn't this big , you know . +It doesn't embrace only the artist , alone before his easel . +It is as large as all of art , interdependent , varied , multitudinous '' . +He threw his arms wide , his face shining . +`` The artist is like a fragment of a mosaic -- no , he is more than that , a virtuoso performer in some vast philharmonic . +One of these days , I'm going to organize a gigantic exhibition that will span everything that's being painted these days , from extreme abstract expressionism to extreme photorealism , and then you'll be able to see at a glance how much artists have in common with each other . +The eye is all , inward or outward . +Ah , what a title for the exhibition : The Eye is All '' ! ! +

+

`` What do you study '' ? ? +I asked . +I was fascinated ; ; +just listening to him made me feel intelligent . +

+

`` I'm studying anatomy with Burns '' , he replied . +`` Maybe you know him . +He teaches at the Manhattan School of Art '' . +I nodded . +I had studied with Burns ten years before , during the scholarship year the Manhattan gave me , along with the five-hundred-dollar prize for my paintings of bums on Hudson Street . +Burns and I had not loved each other . +`` I'm also studying enameling with Hajime Iijima '' , he went on , `` and twice a week I go to a life class taught by Pendleton '' . +

+

`` Osric Pendleton '' ? ? +I said . +`` My God , is he still alive ? ? +He must be a million years old . +I went to a retrospective of his work when I was eighteen , and I thought he was a contemporary of Cezanne's '' . +

+

`` Not quite '' . +Askington laughed . +`` He's about sixty , now . +Still painting , still a kind of modern impressionist , beautiful canvases of mountains and farms . +He even makes the city look like one of Thoreau's hangouts . +I've always admired him , and when I heard he was taking a few pupils , I went to him and joined his class '' . +

+

`` Yes , it sounds great '' , I said , `` but suppose you don't think of yourself as an impressionist painter '' ? ? +

+

`` You're missing the point '' , he said . +`` He has the magical eye . +And he is a great man . +Contact with him is stimulating . +And that's the trouble with so many artists today . +They lack stimulation . +They sit alone in their rooms and try to paint , and only succeed in isolating themselves still farther from life . +That's one of the reasons art is becoming a useless occupation . +In the Middle Ages , in the Renaissance , right up to the early nineteenth century , the painter was a giant in the world . +He was an artisan , a man who studied his trade and developed his craftsmanship the way a goldsmith or a wood carver did . +He filled a real need , showing society what it looked like , turning it inside out , portraying its wars and its leaders , its ugliness and its beauties , reflecting its profound religious impulses . +He was a propagandist -- they weren't afraid of the word , then -- satirist , nature lover , philosopher , scientist , what you will , a member of every party and of no party . +But look at us today ! ! +We hold safe little jobs illustrating tooth-paste ads or the salacious incidents in trivial novels , and most of our easel painting is nothing but picking the fluff out of the navel so it can be contemplated in greater purity . +A bunch of amateur dervishes ! ! +What we need is to get back to the group , to learning and apprenticeship , to the cafe and the school '' . +

+

He could certainly talk . +The upshot of the evening was that I got the address of Pendleton's studio -- or rather , of the studio in which he gave his classes , for he didn't work there himself -- and joined the life class , which met every Tuesday and Thursday from ten to twelve in the morning . +It was an awkward hour , but I didn't have to punch any time clock , and it only meant that sometimes I had to stay a couple of hours later at the drawing board to finish up a job . +After a short time , both George and Donald joined the class with me so they wouldn't feel lonely , and we used to hang a sign on the door of the Brush-off reading out to work . +It was mostly for the benefit of the mailman , because hardly anybody else ever visited us . +

+

In a way , Askington was right . +`` Stimulating '' was the word for it . +I don't know that it was always as rewarding as I had expected it to be . +Partly , it was because Pendleton himself wasn't what I anticipated . +I had come prepared to worship at the feet of this classic , and he turned out to be a rather bitter old man who smelled of dead cigars . +

+

No , that isn't quite fair . +Actually , there was a lot of force in him , which is why I kept on in that class instead of quitting after a week . +

+

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Used by permission of Farrar, Straus & Cudahy, Inc. 0010-1690

 Frank Borden Hanes, The Fleet Rabble. + New York: L. C. Page Co., 1961. Pp. 40-44. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

But one night Dookiyoon moved in the direction of the women's lodge , where Shades of Night had gone to purify herself . +

+

With the blue flesh of night touching him he stood under a gentle hill caressing the flageolet with his lips , making it whisper . +He saw her emerge suddenly , coming in her unhesitant fashion , her back stiff , her head erect , facing with contempt the night and whatever she would encounter , as if in her extreme disdain and indifference she would pass by all the outraged looks of those whom she might approach . +In her dark , scornful fashion she proceeded to her destination , afraid of nothing , not even the evil spirits which kept her company in her time of bleeding . +

+

Seeing her come , he caught his breath , feeling his heart bounce in him , and turned away , afraid now . +Even he , wanting her , afraid of her and not knowing how to press his suit , feared the evil presences in her metabolism more . +His breath caught , and , trembling , he closed his eyes and stumbled off . +Going , he saw as often before some queer , hideous yellow face over his head , shining and weird like the old images which had invested him at other times like those that appear sometimes near the eyeballs when they are perhaps pressed by the thumbs . +

+

He cried out to her , his back turned . +Then he fled , not waiting to see if she minded him or took notice of his cry . +

+

But she heard him go . +Yet she did not hesitate and only turned slightly , her neck tall as she looked in his direction , and continued on her way toward the end of the camp . +

+

Elsewhere others heard and stopped and waited , the women peering from their lodges then gathering in small , curious clusters . +Early Spring came from her bed , from beside her half-drunk husband , Walitzee , and stood at the entrance way to her lodge hearing the mild commotion , the sound of hushed voices . +Standing there she saw Shades of Night come through the trees and stop beside the lodge , silent , almost imperious , her body taut , simply standing without speaking or moving while the wife of Walitzee waited , perhaps denying the dread that moved in her . +When at last she could suffer the insult no longer , nor face the girl's scorn , she said in a voice overloud : +

+

`` I shall call your father ! ! +Go back where you can bring no harm , or I will go and get the old man from his bed so he can see your shame '' ! ! +

+

But the girl said only , `` Tell him I am here , that I have come '' . +And it was not Pile of Clouds she meant . +

+

But now with real anger at last , something proud and indignant , Early Spring stood like a she wolf before her den and cried , `` I will not shriek at you ! ! +I will tell you to go , not begging . +Telling you '' ! ! +And unsheathing the knife she used for curing hides she stepped away from the lodge , holding the knife at her side . +

+

`` You bring only wickedness '' , she said and it was not to a child any longer but to another woman who had come to skirt her lodge with the cunning hunger of a wild animal . +Speaking in a low voice of loathing she went up to the girl , who stood with the same upright , scornful bearing and did not even look at the knife . +

+

`` Go take helsq'iyokom , your evil spirit , to the young boys '' , the woman said . +`` They do not have to face battle . +I will not let your evil in . +I will simply kill you first . +Now go '' ! ! +

+

The other women had come close now , their voices murmuring together until they stood buzzing in an angry knot , their threats mingling , rising , nagging at each other , each trying to make her indignation and anger felt . +They picked up sticks and hurled them at the girl . +The sticks fell like a shower around her and she felt them sting her flesh and send tiny points of pain along her thighs . +They were all shouting at her as if she were the embodiment of the evil she brought . +But she did not move , taking the words and the sticks in that old defiance of her extreme youth until suddenly Pile of Clouds came howling among them , swinging a great bullhide whip . +

+

`` Go back to your lodges '' ! ! +He shouted . +`` A pack of dogs makes less noise '' ! ! +He made the long whip sing and snap around their heads so that they ran screaming , some tripping over themselves in their flight . +And Early Spring seized the whip and said : +

+

`` If you must flog someone , let it be her , your daughter . +Drive the demons out of her and teach her to stay away from my husband '' ! ! +But the old man turned on her , jerking the whip from her hand . +

+

`` Get into your hovel '' ! ! +He spat . +`` Go back to that double-married man of yours who so parades his fine body among the young women . +Keep him back , if you must tell me what to do . +I will be the one to confront my daughter , not the wife of him who leads her to sin '' ! ! +

+

She retreated before the naked shame in the old man and the fury beyond it and sank into the darkness of her lodge where Walitzee stirred , mumbling , sitting up in a half stupor to say : +

+

`` What worrisome thing happens ? ? +I thought I dreamed of wolves fighting '' . +But she went to him and pressed herself against his nakedness , smelling the stale odor of the whisky he had stolen from TuHulHulZote . +

+

She said , `` There is nothing that concerns you here . +Lie back and go to sleep . +But do not dream . +Do not let the wicked spirits enter your brain '' . +

+

He sank back , sighing , and was soon asleep again . +

+

Outside , the old man , beyond all the curses of the spirits his daughter bore , went to her and twisted the gnarled talons of his fingers in her hair and turned her and pushed her rudely ahead of him into the trees where the moon sent out a thousand arms . +And , shoving her against a spruce , her back to him , he retreated with the whip and made it whine and crack in the damp air , shortening its arc until it narrowed to her flesh and the sound of it snarled and cracked , settling its own cruel demons on her shoulders while she stood as unchanged , as dark and motionless as ever , her eyes open and staring at the pale delineaments of the bark so close to her face . +

+

She said to him , her father , `` How was I begotten , in pain or joy ? ? +Is it for me to be forbidden the flesh you made grow on me ? ? +They all know your foolish name '' ! ! +

+

She stared at the pale tracings on the tree , hearing her breath refracted from it , her face close and touching at time the rough edges of the bark . +She felt the lash bite and heard her father say in crazed monosyllables words which had no meaning , like , `` unnnt ! ! +Sssshoo '' ! ! +The sounds of an animal in rage and despair . +

+

Suddenly the lash stopped fighting the air and she heard Pile of Clouds say in his high , quavering voice : +

+

`` Did you follow me to see my shame ? ? +Move from the line or I will settle the whip on you . +Move ! ! +Do you hear the anger of the whip's whine '' ? ? +

+

Turning , the girl saw Dookiyoon standing between , his narrow shoulders unbent , his arms hanging long and resigned . +He said , `` Let me take her blows , for there are demons in me too '' . +

+

Then , without knowing why , she found herself running from them , fleeing wildly through the trees , dodging her own shadows until she came to a little hollow in the rocky ground with a big stone in the center behind which she knelt and hid , listening to the madness of her heart and wanting for once to cry . +

+

For a while the young men waited outside the lodge of TuHulHulZote , glorying in his harsh language as he talked with himself . +He shouted like a hoarse old mastiff , his hair stiff and bristling . +He ranted and prophesied the doom of his enemies , walking in circles in and out of his living place , drinking stolen whisky in great , gasping draughts until finally , incoherent and sick , he fell into his own oblivion . +He amused the young men who had been silent long enough . +But they could taste the appeasement of violence and retribution through his antics . +Now they moved , rubbing their flesh alive again , disdaining the gloom they saw in the faces around them . +

+

They came out and held their games and races . +It was they who held the future in their hands . +They went into the sun together and paraded grandly in their war clothes , painting their faces with the sacred attis dug far off in the cave of skeletons . +They danced the paxam wildly at night , the war dance , and dipped their arrowheads in the venom of rattlesnakes and rode their horses in swift maneuvers , firing their few guns in unison at some indeterminate signal . +

+

Walitzee was among them , and Sarpsis , and they wore red blankets which flew like broad wings in the air of their passing . +And a very young one , Swan Necklace , tried to emulate them and followed timidly . +Yellow Wolf was there , nephew of the young chief by an older brother long dead , in whom also the disordered chemistries of youth worked . +He would spring bolt upright suddenly after sitting quietly with inaction , because something had boiled over in his fermenting juices . +

+

All the young men , Alokut among them , challenged them in matched racing . +They raced and maneuvered for war , swinging their horses in single file and then abreast like cavalry . +At times they would ride frenziedly through the camp , letting the women see their courage , how handsome they were in their regalia . +Then again they would stand in circles making other preparations . +They combed their hair and streaked it at the part and greased the bangs so that the hair above their foreheads stood rigid like the tails of sage hens making love . +

+

Walitzee whitened his leggings with clay , knowing the girl watched from her place in the trees . +He saw himself in a superior reflection , and he was as a speeding arrow from the taut bow , hurtling with a mad grace , his maleness shining and scented with meadow rue . +He was always aware of the women's eyes which followed him , admiring him . +And the suspicious , envenomed eyes of Pile of Clouds . +And those of Early Spring , haunted and now full of hurt and envy . +He felt so much like laughing ; ; +even like shouting and crying out from the hilltops from which he could descend as an eagle in a mad caper from the cliffs . +

+

He and Sarpsis planned a great parade with the young men . +They would give one final testimony of their challenge to let the people see their arrogance . +They would ride with streaming amulets , their colors ripening in the sun , shouting the last bellicosity of a nation in the throes of death . +

+

And so the sun came up again and for a moment its color was the young men's blood , shifting then into the full heat and outcry which ran with their hearts . +They mounted their horses and rode off into the hills . +

+

The , +young chief stared at the wall of his lodge , , listening . +The sound rose on the other side of the hills , vanished and rose again and he could imagine the mad , disheveled hoofs of the Appaloosas , horses the white men once had called the Dogs of Hell . +He saw them in fleet images as they came rolling and now burst across the ridge . +Standing then with the others , peering into the sun , he saw the bright , multicolored legion , their hair flying like dark banners , only the thunder , the roll of drums , the mad cacophony of the hoofs accompanying them . +They leaned into the wind and seemed like one thousand-legged monster hurtling and plunging until suddenly they rose straight in their saddles and in one terrifying voice shouted , ejaculated their grotesque cry of war . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p15.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p15.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e64f2597f7a237fafc6bdaec3f9cf79c3f76cb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p15.xml @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ +Sample P15 from Loretta Burrough, "The Open Door," Good Housekeeping, 152: 5 + (May, 1961), 117-118. A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 462 (23.1%) quotesP15

Used by permission of Good Housekeeping

 Loretta Burrough, "The Open Door," Good Housekeeping, 152: 5 + (May, 1961), 117-118.

Note: Gregg [0260] Greg [0340]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

`` They make us conformists look good '' . +

+

`` That's a peculiar way to think '' . +It wasn't just the obnoxious birds that had ruffled her own feathers , of course ; ; +she knew that . +It was Jim's `` little '' sister Myra , the unreliable , irresponsible , forever flyaway , Myra . +She's a year older than I am , Lucy told herself . +

+

`` Come , come '' , Jim said , jollying Lucy a little . +`` I love you . +Susan ready '' ? ? +

+

Lucy listened . +Obviously , Susan was not . +Upstairs , busy feet , showering like raindrops , pattered around her room . +Susan would be visiting her grandmother for only a few days , but even at seven she was a prudent soul ; ; +she always packed for a lifetime , just in case . +`` Not yet . +Every doll in the house must be going with her '' . +

+

`` She'd better step on it . +It's a long way to Websterville '' . +Jim's fine young face was an expressive one , too ; ; +as he looked at her , it registered anxiety . +`` You know '' , he said . +`` Myra wanted me to thank you for taking Cathy . +It'll be only a couple of weeks before she finds a home for them in Paris -- but even so , she wants you to know that she's awfully grateful '' . +

+

Lucy did not believe him ; ; +Myra appreciated nothing . +Jim had put the thanks in his sister's mouth . +

+

`` Darling '' -- she said , and the single word mingled love and exasperation in an equal blend . +`` She should have told me herself . +And will it be only a couple of weeks ? ? +Remember what happened the last time '' ? ? +

+

Leaving Cathy with them , Myra had gone out to the Coast for a supposedly brief visit ; ; +but she had stayed all winter , and Cathy had stayed all winter too -- with them . +Lucy suspected that Myra would never have come home if Gregg , Myra's husband , hadn't gone out to fetch her . +`` That was an awfully long two weeks '' . +

+

For an otherwise silent moment , Jim's keys jingled nervously in his pocket . +`` But she promised -- This will be different '' , he said at last . +`` You've got to admit she was smart to scare up this fine government job over there -- she'll get a home for herself and Cathy in no time . +You'll see , Myra's settling down '' . +On the defensive , he added , `` I wish you'd think what it must be like for her to be without Greg , to be a new widow , a young widow '' . +

+

`` It depends on the widow '' . +Lucy had an idea that Myra loved it . +And not for one moment did she believe that Myra had settled down . +It seemed to Lucy that all their married life , she and Jim had been doing nothing but rescue his sister from the constant crises that were her way of life . +Remembering that succession of disasters , she now considered Cathy , an ominous child-cloud on her horizon . +

+

It was not that she disliked Cathy . +The youngster drew her , troubled her depths ; ; +whenever Lucy saw her , she tried , without noise or fuss , to give her the warmth she had never had from Myra . +But Cathy was Myra's responsibility , not hers . +

+

`` I wouldn't even be surprised '' , she said unhappily , `` if Myra tried to leave her with us forever '' . +Myra loved big cities ; ; +thousands of miles away -- in Paris , of all places -- she might forget she had ever been a mother . +Lucy knew her too well to find it impossible . +

+

`` That's a horrible thing to accuse her of '' ! ! +Jim was so indignant it was obvious that no matter what he said , he too had seen the looming specter of a forever-Cathy . +He went to the foot of the stairs and shouted up , fiercely , `` Susan ! ! +Susan ! ! +Get moving '' ! ! +

+

A startled piping sound returned . +

+

`` Don't yell at Susan '' , Lucy said . +Was it only a few nights ago that they had been standing together in front of the house looking at the moon-washed river ? ? +Their arms around each other , they had been talking of the present and the future ; ; +their talk and their feeling had been as deep and warm , as steeped in light , as the air around them . +Then , from within the still , sleeping house , the telephone had rung ; ; +Myra , with her news , was on the other end of the line . +

+

Jim turned back from the stairway and looked at her . +His dark brows , which had been lowered in anger , smoothed . +`` Please '' , he said . +`` There isn't a chance of Myra's letting anything like that happen . +Let's stay friends '' . +

+

But they weren't just friends , Lucy thought ; ; +they were husband and wife , and Myra had no right muddling and chilling their marriage . +The only thing that had ever come between them was that worthless , selfish sister of his . +Lucy was sick of it . +

+

`` Well , at last '' , she said , because Susan was clattering down the stairs . +

+

Susan looked like an overwhelmed baby nurse ; ; +her arms were straining with a burden of dolls . +`` I'm ready '' , she announced . +

+

`` Do you need that big bundle '' ? ? +Jim said . +His voice had sharp edges , as though he knew very well Lucy and he were not friends at the moment . +`` All that junk '' ? ? +

+

Susan stared at him with hurt blue eyes that gushed an instant grief ; ; +to her , each of her dolls was a real person with a living heart . +

+

`` Now , now '' , Lucy said , approaching Susan with a handkerchief , mopping skillfully . +`` Your father didn't mean it , Susan '' . +She gave Jim a quick , shape-up look of warning . +`` She'll take every one of them '' . +

+

Jim groaned , but he lifted Susan's suitcase and said , in a gentler tone , `` Sure -- the entire thousand . +And when you get back from Grandma's , Cathy will be here to play with you . +Nice '' ? ? +

+

`` No '' , Susan said , grappling with her outsized armload of dolls with a Scrooge-like effect . +

+

And at this point , Lucy thought , there should be a lecture on little cousins' sharing dolls -- but she could sympathize with Susan ; ; +there ought to be a limit to sharing , too . +

+

That was one more reason she didn't look forward to Cathy's visit , short or long ; ; +the last one had been a Lilliputian war . +She suspected that Cathy had been competing with Susan for attention that she had never had . +

+

`` Well '' , Jim said , out of the silence , `` let's get going , dolls and all '' . +

+

When the car , with Susan's hands waving wildly from the rear window , disappeared down the driveway , Lucy stood looking after its pale dust . +The day was brilliant around her -- flower-scented , crisp with breeze -- yet her inner turmoil darkened it . +She had let Jim go with a chilly good-by , a chillier kiss . +She was sorry , and angry at herself , because never in their life together had she done that . +She turned and began to walk toward the house . +

+

At the feeding station , the raffish group of cowbirds again bobbed and gobbled over the ground , but now , gorgeous among them , was a beautiful red cardinal , radiant in its feathered vestments . +The handsome bird was solitary ; ; +its mate must be at home , silently guarding their nest . +She had better stay there , Lucy thought ; ; +the sly female cowbirds took instant advantage of nests without sentinels . +

+

Well , Lucy ? ? +She said to herself , abandoning the cardinals and the cowbirds . +She had a day of things to do ; ; +among them , she had to prepare the guest room . +How long would it be occupied ? ? +She wondered , with a baffled feeling of helplessness . +As long as the unscrupulous Myra chose ? ? +For a moment , her mind returned again to the strange , flying world of birds , and she said to herself . +It isn't only birds that dump their children in other people's nests . +

+

In the sunshine of late afternoon , Lucy stood looking at the ready guest room . +There were new yellow curtains , bright as a child's life ought to be , a new bedspread , lively with hopping rabbits , and hanging from the ceiling was an airy Mother Goose Mobile , spinning slowly in the breeze . +A row of little hangers waited for a child's clothes in the neatly empty closet ; ; +since Myra had always put most of Greg's money on her own back , Lucy suspected that no more than a few of that long row would be needed . +The closet was faintly fragrant with lavender , and as Lucy shut the door an unhappy memory slipped into her mind , like a lavender ghost : Greg's house , on the day he was buried , and the child , pale , silent , baffled , watching the funeral guests with panicky eyes . +Many times since his death that memory had worried and troubled her . +

+

Out in the hall , the upstairs phone shrilled , and the small ghost vanished . +When she picked up the receiver , her mother's cheerful voice was there . +

+

`` Websterville Junction calling '' , she said . +`` I just thought I'd let you know . +Myra dropped Cathy this morning , and Jim picked Cathy up and left Susan a few hours ago . +I'd have phoned sooner but I've been busy '' . +

+

`` I can imagine '' ! ! +Susan was an active character ; ; +for Mother to be able to call , Susan must be napping now , surrounded by her multitude of dolls . +Lucy drew out the chair and sat down ; ; +she relaxed a little , and some of the tension went out of her . +You could think yourself as grown up as Methuselah , yet the maternal voice still kept its comforting magic . +`` How was Cathy '' ? ? +

+

`` Subdued . +But Myra was the merriest widow I ever saw '' . +

+

On her way to the airport , on her way to Paris -- you bet , Lucy said to herself . +`` I've been fixing up the guest room for Cathy '' . +

+

There was a momentary pause , and then her mother said , `` How long is she supposed to stay '' ? ? +

+

`` Just for a couple of weeks , till Myra finds a place for them '' . +

+

`` Well '' -- This time there was a long silence , while the telephone hummed faintly with a voiceless life . +

+

Puzzled , Lucy stared at the flowered wallpaper ; ; +her mother was forthright ; ; +she was not usually given to mysterious silences . +Was she thinking along the same lines Lucy was -- that it was quite possible Cathy might be left with her for good ? ? +`` You mean once Myra gets to Paris '' ? ? +Once the soft , pretty moth found the bright light she had always wanted ? ? +

+

Suddenly , seekingly , Lucy asked , `` Mother , do you know something I don't know '' ? ? +

+

Again there was that curious pause , and then her mother said , `` I guess I do . +Just before Myra left -- She was saying good-by to Cathy , and she didn't realize I was near '' . +She hesitated , as though hunting over words and ways of putting them . +`` Cathy was in tears , of course , and I heard Myra say , ' Now be good , and at Christmastime I'll send you a wonderful present from Paris ' '' . +

+

Shocked speechless , Lucy sat there . +Then she jumped to her feet , the elastic phone cord uncoiling like a black snake . +`` Christmastime ! ! +'' Then it was no bogey she had dreamed up ; ; +it was only too true . +Myra had no intention whatever of sending for Cathy in two weeks . +

+

For a moment , anger darkened the hallway about her , and when she found her voice , anger thickened it . +`` That does it '' ! ! +She said . +`` I'll keep Cathy for two weeks . +Then , if Myra does nothing about fetching her , I'll pack her right back to her mother -- if I have to take her myself '' ! ! +Her hand tightened on the receiver . +`` And that's what I'm going to tell Jim '' . +For Lucy , the day's nagging to-and-fro had come to an abrupt end . +

+

As she hung up , she saw through the hall's open window the purple-black flying of the cowbirds' wings , and heard their grotesque singing . +Cowbird Myra ! ! +She's not going to get away with it . +

+

Cathy is tired , Lucy thought , watching them come slowly up the path . +The child's thin legs were plodding . +She trudged along slowly , both hands clutching a tired teddy bear . +She was at the moment just a small , walking package , being delivered to her aunt's and uncle's house . +Unlike Susan , she was traveling light ; ; +the worn teddy bear , a tiny suitcase that Jim carried , and the clothes she wore , were all she had . +Lucy glancing at the miniature case , knew there would not be enough in it for the shortest of stays ; ; +they would have to buy things for her . +She opened the door . +

+

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NNP 5 +said VBD 0 +shareholders NNS 7 +approved VBD 5 +its PRP$ 9 +acquisition NN 7 +by IN 9 +Royal NNP 13 +Trustco NNP 13 +Ltd. 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NNP 15 +31 CD 16 +, , 16 +1987 CD 16 +. . 11 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0052.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0052.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3ae9b937f8357aba535fee22197adbcab338a960 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0052.dp @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +PAPERS NNS 0 +: : 1 + +Backe NNP 3 +Group NNP 3 +Inc. NNP 4 +agreed VBD 0 +to TO 6 +acquire VB 4 +Atlantic NNP 9 +Publications NNP 9 +Inc. NNP 6 +, , 9 +which WDT 9 +has VBZ 11 +30 CD 15 +community NN 15 +papers NNS 18 +and CC 18 +annual JJ 18 +sales NNS 12 +of IN 18 +$ $ 19 +7 CD 20 +million CD 20 +. . 4 + +Terms NNS 2 +were VBD 0 +n't RB 2 +disclosed VBN 2 +. . 2 + +Backe NNP 2 +is VBZ 0 +a DT 7 +closely RB 5 +held VBN 7 +media NNS 7 +firm NN 2 +run VBN 7 +by IN 8 +former JJ 15 +CBS NNP 15 +Inc. NNP 15 +President NNP 15 +John NNP 15 +Backe NNP 9 +. . 2 + +TV NN 0 +: : 1 + +Price NNP 3 +Communications NNP 3 +Corp. 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NNP 4 +reported VBD 0 +a DT 12 +surprise NN 12 +$ $ 12 +35.7 CD 7 +million CD 7 +third-quarter JJ 12 +net JJ 12 +loss NN 4 +, , 12 +including VBG 12 +a DT 18 +special JJ 18 +restructuring NN 18 +charge NN 14 +that WDT 18 +reflects VBZ 19 +a DT 24 +continuing VBG 24 +industry-wide JJ 24 +slowdown NN 20 +in IN 24 +semiconductor NN 27 +demand NN 25 +. . 4 + +In IN 7 +September NNP 1 +, , 7 +the DT 6 +custom-chip JJ 6 +maker NN 7 +said VBD 0 +excess JJ 9 +capacity NN 12 +and CC 12 +lagging VBG 12 +billings NNS 13 +would MD 7 +result VB 13 +in IN 14 +an DT 26 +estimated VBN 26 +$ $ 22 +2 CD 22 +million CD 22 +to TO 22 +$ $ 26 +3 CD 22 +million CD 22 +net JJ 26 +loss NN 15 +for IN 26 +the DT 30 +third JJ 30 +quarter NN 27 +. . 7 + +But CC 4 +company NN 3 +officials NNS 4 +said VBD 0 +yesterday NN 4 +that IN 4 +they PRP 8 +decided VBD 6 +to TO 10 +take VB 8 +a DT 16 +$ $ 16 +43 CD 12 +million CD 12 +pretax JJ 16 +charge NN 10 +for IN 16 +the DT 19 +period NN 17 +to TO 21 +cover VB 10 +a DT 23 +restructuring NN 21 +of IN 23 +world-wide JJ 27 +manufacturing NN 27 +operations NNS 24 +, , 4 +citing VBG 4 +extended JJ 31 +weakness NN 39 +in IN 31 +the DT 34 +market NN 32 +as RB 39 +well RB 35 +as IN 35 +a DT 39 +decision NN 29 +to TO 41 +switch VB 39 +to TO 41 +more JJR 44 +economical JJ 46 +production NN 46 +techniques NNS 42 +. . 4 + +`` `` 28 +Over IN 8 +the DT 5 +summer NN 5 +months NNS 2 +, , 8 +there EX 8 +has VBZ 28 +been VBN 8 +a DT 11 +slowing NN 9 +in IN 11 +the DT 14 +rate NN 12 +of IN 14 +new JJ 17 +orders NNS 15 +from IN 17 +the DT 21 +computer NN 21 +sector NN 25 +, , 25 +our PRP$ 25 +primary JJ 25 +market NN 18 +, , 28 +'' '' 28 +said VBD 0 +Wilfred NNP 31 +J. 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NNP 18 +, , 16 +factory NN 11 +to TO 11 +a DT 24 +research NN 24 +and CC 24 +development NN 24 +facility NN 19 +. . 8 + +A DT 2 +spokesman NN 3 +declined VBD 0 +to TO 5 +speculate VB 3 +about IN 5 +possible JJ 8 +reductions NNS 6 +in IN 8 +force NN 9 +. . 3 + +`` `` 37 +This DT 3 +is VBZ 31 +a DT 5 +company NN 3 +that WDT 5 +has VBZ 6 +invested VBN 7 +in IN 8 +capacity NN 11 +additions NNS 9 +more RBR 13 +aggressively RB 8 +than IN 13 +any DT 17 +other JJ 17 +company NN 14 +in IN 17 +the DT 20 +industry NN 18 +and CC 31 +now RB 31 +the DT 24 +industry NN 25 +is VBZ 31 +growing VBG 25 +more RBR 28 +slowly RB 26 +and CC 31 +they PRP 31 +are VBP 37 +suddenly RB 31 +poorly RB 34 +positioned VBN 31 +, , 37 +'' '' 37 +said VBD 0 +Michael NNP 39 +Stark NNP 42 +, , 42 +chip NN 42 +analyst NN 37 +at IN 42 +Robertson NNP 48 +, , 48 +Stephens NNP 48 +& CC 48 +Co NNP 43 +. . 37 + +`` `` 3 +I PRP 3 +think VBP 0 +the DT 5 +stock NN 6 +is VBZ 3 +dead JJ 8 +money NN 6 +for IN 6 +a DT 11 +while NN 9 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Yesterday NN 2 +'s POS 3 +announcement NN 4 +was VBD 0 +made VBN 4 +after IN 5 +markets NNS 8 +closed VBD 6 +. . 4 + +U.S. NNP 3 +chip NN 3 +makers NNS 4 +are VBP 0 +facing VBG 4 +continued VBN 8 +slack JJ 8 +demand NN 5 +following VBG 5 +a DT 13 +traditionally RB 12 +slow JJ 13 +summer NN 9 +. . 4 + +Part NN 5 +of IN 1 +the DT 4 +problem NN 2 +is VBZ 0 +that IN 5 +chip NN 8 +buyers NNS 9 +are VBP 6 +keeping VBG 9 +inventories NNS 12 +low JJ 10 +because IN 10 +of IN 13 +jitters NNS 13 +about IN 15 +the DT 18 +course NN 16 +of IN 18 +the DT 22 +U.S. NNP 22 +economy NN 19 +. . 5 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0060.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0060.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98f72b87325330bd52475e9486250022c698e32a --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0060.dp @@ -0,0 +1,527 @@ +`` `` 6 +The DT 4 +Cosby NNP 4 +Show NNP 6 +'' '' 6 +may MD 25 +have VB 6 +single-handedly RB 7 +turned VBN 7 +around RP 9 +ratings NNS 9 +at IN 11 +NBC NNP 12 +since IN 9 +its PRP$ 16 +debut NN 14 +in IN 16 +1984 CD 17 +, , 25 +and CC 25 +the DT 23 +Huxtable NNP 23 +family NN 25 +still RB 25 +keeps VBZ 0 +millions NNS 29 +of IN 26 +viewers NNS 27 +laughing VBG 25 +Thursday NNP 31 +night NN 29 +on IN 29 +the DT 34 +network NN 32 +. . 25 + +But CC 19 +some DT 19 +of IN 2 +the DT 6 +TV NN 6 +stations NNS 3 +that WDT 6 +bought VBD 7 +`` `` 12 +Cosby NNP 12 +'' '' 12 +reruns NNS 8 +for IN 8 +record NN 15 +prices NNS 13 +two CD 17 +years NNS 18 +ago RB 8 +are VBP 0 +n't RB 19 +laughing VBG 19 +much RB 21 +these DT 24 +days NNS 21 +. . 19 + +The DT 2 +reruns NNS 3 +have VBP 0 +helped VBN 3 +ratings NNS 4 +at IN 5 +many JJ 6 +of IN 7 +the DT 16 +187 CD 16 +network NN 12 +affiliates NNS 16 +and CC 16 +independent JJ 16 +TV NN 16 +stations NNS 8 +that WDT 16 +air VBP 17 +the DT 20 +shows NNS 18 +. . 3 + +But CC 12 +the DT 3 +ratings NNS 4 +are VBP 12 +considerably RB 6 +below IN 4 +expectations NNS 6 +, , 12 +and CC 12 +some DT 11 +stations NNS 12 +say VBP 0 +they PRP 14 +may MD 12 +not RB 14 +buy VB 14 +new JJ 18 +episodes NNS 16 +when WRB 16 +their PRP$ 22 +current JJ 22 +contracts NNS 23 +expire VBP 19 +. . 12 + +Meanwhile RB 4 +, , 4 +stations NNS 4 +are VBP 0 +fuming VBG 4 +because RB 21 +, , 11 +many JJ 11 +of IN 8 +them PRP 9 +say VBP 21 +, , 11 +the DT 15 +show NN 15 +'s POS 16 +distributor NN 19 +, , 19 +Viacom NNP 19 +Inc. NNP 21 +, , 19 +is VBZ 5 +giving VBG 21 +an DT 24 +ultimatum NN 22 +: : 24 +Either CC 27 +sign VB 24 +new JJ 30 +long-term JJ 30 +commitments NNS 27 +to TO 32 +buy VB 30 +future JJ 34 +episodes NNS 32 +or CC 27 +risk VB 27 +losing VBG 36 +`` `` 37 +Cosby NNP 37 +'' '' 37 +to TO 37 +a DT 43 +competitor NN 41 +. . 4 + +At IN 7 +the DT 4 +same JJ 4 +time NN 1 +, , 7 +Viacom NNP 7 +is VBZ 0 +trying VBG 7 +to TO 10 +persuade VB 8 +stations NNS 10 +to TO 13 +make VB 10 +commitments NNS 13 +to TO 14 +`` `` 23 +A DT 19 +Different NNP 19 +World NNP 23 +, , 23 +'' '' 23 +a DT 23 +spin-off NN 15 +of IN 23 +`` `` 24 +Cosby NNP 24 +'' '' 24 +whose WP$ 23 +reruns NNS 28 +will MD 28 +become VB 30 +available JJ 31 +in IN 31 +1991 CD 33 +. . 7 + +Viacom NNP 2 +denies VBZ 0 +it PRP 4 +'s VBZ 2 +using VBG 4 +pressure NN 7 +tactics NNS 5 +. . 2 + +`` `` 9 +We PRP 3 +'re VBP 9 +willing JJ 3 +to TO 6 +negotiate VB 4 +, , 9 +'' '' 9 +says VBZ 0 +Dennis NNP 11 +Gillespie NNP 15 +, , 15 +executive JJ 15 +vice NN 15 +president NN 9 +of IN 15 +marketing VBG 16 +. . 9 + +`` `` 3 +We PRP 3 +'re VBP 0 +offering VBG 3 +this DT 6 +plan NN 4 +now RB 4 +because IN 4 +we PRP 10 +feel VBP 8 +it PRP 12 +'s VBZ 10 +the DT 15 +right JJ 15 +time NN 12 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +But CC 17 +, , 3 +says VBZ 17 +the DT 6 +general JJ 6 +manager NN 3 +of IN 6 +a DT 10 +network NN 10 +affiliate NN 7 +in IN 10 +the DT 13 +Midwest NN 11 +, , 3 +`` `` 17 +I PRP 17 +think VBP 0 +if IN 28 +I PRP 20 +tell VBP 18 +them PRP 20 +I PRP 23 +need VBP 20 +more JJR 25 +time NN 23 +, , 28 +they PRP 28 +'ll MD 17 +take VB 28 +` `` 29 +Cosby NNP 29 +' '' 29 +across IN 29 +the DT 35 +street NN 33 +, , 17 +'' '' 17 + +Viacom NNP 2 +'s POS 3 +move NN 4 +comes VBZ 0 +as IN 4 +the DT 8 +syndication NN 8 +market NN 9 +is VBZ 5 +being VBG 9 +flooded VBN 10 +with IN 11 +situation NN 14 +comedies NNS 12 +that WDT 14 +are VBP 15 +still RB 16 +running VBG 16 +on IN 18 +the DT 21 +networks NNS 19 +. . 4 + +One CD 3 +station NN 3 +manager NN 4 +says VBZ 0 +he PRP 6 +believes VBZ 4 +Viacom NNP 8 +'s POS 9 +move NN 10 +is VBZ 6 +a DT 14 +`` `` 14 +pre-emptive JJ 14 +strike NN 10 +'' '' 14 +because IN 6 +the DT 18 +company NN 19 +is VBZ 16 +worried VBN 19 +that IN 20 +`` `` 25 +Cosby NNP 25 +'' '' 25 +ratings NNS 26 +will MD 21 +continue VB 26 +to TO 29 +drop VB 27 +in IN 29 +syndication NN 30 +over IN 29 +the DT 36 +next JJ 36 +few JJ 36 +years NNS 32 +. . 4 + +`` `` 4 +Cosby NNP 4 +'' '' 4 +is VBZ 0 +down RB 4 +a DT 9 +full JJ 9 +ratings NNS 9 +point NN 5 +in IN 4 +the DT 12 +week NN 10 +of IN 12 +Oct. 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NNP 14 +, , 14 +a DT 14 +Wayland NNP 12 +, , 12 +Mass. NNP 14 +, , 12 +manufacturer NN 4 +of IN 14 +high-tech JJ 18 +medical JJ 18 +devices NNS 15 +, , 14 +which WDT 14 +three CD 22 +years NNS 23 +ago RB 24 +set VBP 20 +its PRP$ 26 +sights NNS 24 +on IN 24 +Japan NNP 27 +as IN 28 +an DT 32 +export NN 32 +market NN 29 +. . 1 + +Partly RB 3 +to TO 3 +help VB 19 +clear VB 3 +the DT 7 +myriad JJ 7 +obstacles NNS 4 +facing VBG 7 +any DT 11 +overseas JJ 11 +company NN 8 +trying VBG 11 +to TO 14 +penetrate VB 12 +Japan NNP 14 +, , 19 +tiny JJ 18 +Candela NNP 19 +turned VBD 0 +to TO 19 +Mitsui NNP 23 +& CC 23 +Co. NNP 25 +, , 25 +one CD 20 +of IN 25 +Japan NNP 28 +'s POS 31 +largest JJS 31 +trading VBG 31 +companies NNS 26 +, , 25 +for IN 19 +investment NN 33 +. . 19 + +In IN 7 +a DT 4 +joint-venture JJ 4 +deal NN 1 +, , 7 +Mitsui NNP 7 +guided VBD 0 +Candela NNP 7 +through IN 7 +Tokyo NNP 11 +'s POS 13 +bureaucratic JJ 13 +maze NN 9 +. . 7 + +It PRP 3 +eventually RB 3 +secured VBD 0 +Ministry NNP 8 +of IN 4 +Health NNP 5 +import NN 8 +approval NN 3 +for IN 8 +two CD 13 +Candela NNP 13 +laser NN 13 +products NNS 22 +-- : 22 +one CD 22 +that WDT 15 +breaks VBZ 16 +up RP 17 +kidney NN 20 +stones NNS 17 +and CC 22 +another DT 9 +that WDT 22 +treats VBZ 23 +skin NN 26 +lesions NNS 24 +. . 3 + +At IN 6 +last JJ 3 +count NN 1 +, , 6 +Candela NNP 6 +had VBD 0 +sold VBN 6 +$ $ 7 +4 CD 8 +million CD 8 +of IN 8 +its PRP$ 14 +medical JJ 14 +devices NNS 11 +in IN 7 +Japan NNP 15 +. . 6 + +The DT 2 +deal NN 4 +also RB 4 +gave VBD 0 +Mitsui NNP 4 +access NN 4 +to TO 6 +a DT 11 +high-tech JJ 11 +medical JJ 11 +product NN 7 +. . 4 + +`` `` 20 +They PRP 3 +view VBP 9 +this DT 3 +as IN 3 +a DT 8 +growth NN 8 +area NN 5 +so IN 20 +they PRP 11 +went VBD 9 +about IN 11 +it PRP 12 +with IN 11 +a DT 17 +systematic JJ 17 +approach NN 14 +, , 20 +'' '' 20 +says VBZ 0 +Richard NNP 22 +Olsen NNP 27 +, , 27 +a DT 27 +Candela NNP 27 +vice NN 27 +president NN 20 +. . 20 + +Indeed RB 14 +, , 14 +for IN 14 +many JJ 7 +Japanese JJ 7 +trading NN 7 +companies NNS 3 +, , 14 +the DT 13 +favorite JJ 13 +U.S. NNP 13 +small JJ 13 +business NN 14 +is VBZ 0 +one CD 14 +whose WP$ 15 +research NN 16 +and CC 16 +development NN 16 +can MD 16 +be VB 20 +milked VBN 21 +for IN 22 +future JJ 26 +Japanese JJ 26 +use NN 23 +. . 14 + +The DT 3 +Japanese JJ 3 +companies NNS 4 +bankroll VBP 0 +many JJ 8 +small JJ 8 +U.S. NNP 8 +companies NNS 4 +with IN 8 +promising JJ 13 +products NNS 13 +or CC 13 +ideas NNS 9 +, , 4 +frequently RB 16 +putting VBG 4 +their PRP$ 18 +money NN 16 +behind IN 16 +projects NNS 19 +that IN 20 +commercial JJ 23 +banks NNS 24 +wo MD 21 +n't RB 24 +touch VB 24 +. . 4 + +Japanese JJ 2 +companies NNS 3 +have VBP 20 +financed VBN 3 +small JJ 7 +and CC 7 +medium-sized JJ 9 +U.S. NNP 9 +firms NNS 4 +for IN 3 +years NNS 10 +, , 20 +but CC 20 +in IN 20 +recent JJ 16 +months NNS 14 +, , 20 +the DT 19 +pace NN 20 +has VBZ 0 +taken VBN 20 +off RP 21 +. . 20 + +In IN 11 +the DT 4 +first JJ 4 +half NN 1 +of IN 4 +1989 CD 5 +alone RB 4 +, , 11 +Japanese JJ 10 +corporations NNS 11 +invested VBD 34 +$ $ 11 +214 CD 12 +million CD 12 +in IN 11 +minority NN 17 +positions NNS 15 +in IN 17 +U.S. NNP 20 +companies NNS 18 +, , 11 +a DT 25 +61 CD 24 +% NN 25 +rise NN 11 +from IN 25 +the DT 28 +figure NN 26 +for IN 28 +all DT 29 +of IN 30 +1987 CD 31 +, , 34 +reports VBZ 0 +Venture NNP 37 +Economics NNP 37 +Inc NNP 34 +. . 34 + +The DT 6 +Needham NNP 4 +, , 4 +Mass. 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NNP 12 +had VBD 8 +acquired VBN 12 +a DT 17 +51 CD 16 +% NN 17 +stake NN 13 +in IN 17 +Rockefeller NNP 20 +Group NNP 18 +, , 20 +which WDT 20 +owns VBZ 22 +New NNP 26 +York NNP 26 +'s POS 29 +prestigious JJ 29 +Rockefeller NNP 29 +Center NNP 23 +. . 6 + +While IN 11 +the DT 4 +small JJ 4 +deals NNS 5 +are VBP 1 +far RB 8 +less RBR 8 +conspicuous JJ 5 +, , 11 +they PRP 11 +add VBP 0 +to TO 11 +Japanese JJ 14 +penetration NN 12 +of IN 14 +the DT 18 +U.S. NNP 18 +market NN 15 +. . 11 + +As IN 16 +the DT 3 +deals NNS 5 +also RB 5 +improve VBP 1 +Japanese JJ 7 +access NN 5 +to TO 7 +American JJ 13 +technology NN 13 +and CC 13 +market NN 13 +knowledge NN 8 +, , 16 +they PRP 16 +feed VBP 0 +American JJ 18 +anxieties NNS 16 +in IN 18 +this DT 21 +area NN 19 +, , 16 +too RB 16 +. . 16 + +Even RB 4 +a DT 4 +low-tech JJ 4 +product NN 8 +like IN 4 +plate NN 7 +glass NN 5 +can MD 0 +catch VB 8 +a DT 13 +trading NN 13 +company NN 13 +'s POS 14 +fancy NN 9 +if IN 9 +there EX 17 +'s VBZ 15 +a DT 20 +strategic JJ 20 +fit NN 17 +. . 8 + +Free NNP 4 +State NNP 4 +Glass NNP 4 +Industries NNP 12 +of IN 4 +Warrenton NNP 8 +, , 8 +Va. NNP 5 +, , 12 +a DT 12 +small JJ 12 +fabricator NN 17 +of IN 12 +architectural JJ 15 +glass NN 13 +, , 12 +was VBD 0 +foundering VBG 17 +under IN 18 +its PRP$ 22 +original JJ 22 +management NN 19 +. . 17 + +Last JJ 2 +year NN 16 +, , 16 +Mitsubishi NNP 6 +International NNP 6 +Corp. NNP 11 +, , 11 +the DT 11 +New NNP 10 +York-based NNP 11 +arm NN 16 +of IN 11 +Mitsubishi NNP 14 +Corp. NNP 12 +, , 11 +bought VBD 0 +controlling VBG 18 +interest NN 16 +in IN 18 +the DT 22 +glass NN 22 +company NN 19 +in IN 16 +a DT 26 +joint JJ 26 +venture NN 23 +with IN 26 +Ronald NNP 29 +Bodner NNP 37 +, , 37 +a DT 37 +glass NN 34 +industry NN 34 +executive NN 37 +and CC 37 +Mitsubishi NNP 37 +consultant NN 27 +. . 16 + +The DT 2 +deal NN 3 +is VBZ 17 +chiefly RB 3 +designed VBN 3 +to TO 7 +give VB 5 +Mitsubishi NNP 7 +a DT 10 +window NN 7 +on IN 10 +the DT 15 +U.S. NNP 15 +glass NN 15 +industry NN 11 +, , 3 +says VBZ 0 +Ichiro NNP 19 +Wakui NNP 22 +, , 22 +an DT 22 +executive NN 17 +in IN 22 +Mitsubishi NNP 25 +'s POS 28 +general JJ 28 +merchandise NN 28 +department NN 23 +in IN 28 +New NNP 31 +York NNP 29 +. . 17 + +`` `` 17 +It PRP 3 +'s VBZ 17 +not RB 3 +just RB 8 +a DT 8 +simple JJ 8 +investment NN 3 +in IN 8 +a DT 12 +small JJ 12 +company NN 9 +, , 17 +'' '' 17 +Mr. NNP 16 +Wakui NNP 17 +says VBZ 0 +. . 17 + +`` `` 3 +We PRP 3 +want VBP 0 +to TO 5 +see VB 3 +the DT 8 +glass NN 8 +market NN 5 +from IN 5 +the DT 11 +inside NN 13 +, , 13 +not RB 9 +the DT 15 +outside NN 13 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Mitsubishi NNS 2 +'s POS 3 +investment NN 7 +in IN 3 +Free NNP 6 +State NNP 4 +is VBZ 21 +`` `` 7 +very RB 10 +small JJ 7 +... : 10 +less JJR 14 +than IN 14 +$ $ 10 +4 CD 14 +million CD 14 +, , 21 +'' '' 21 +Mr. NNP 20 +Wakui NNP 21 +says VBZ 0 +. . 21 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Bodner NNP 3 +declines VBZ 0 +to TO 5 +comment VB 3 +on IN 5 +the DT 8 +arrangement NN 6 +. . 3 + +Trading NN 2 +companies NNS 29 +such JJ 4 +as IN 2 +Mitsubishi NNP 15 +, , 15 +Mitsui NNP 15 +, , 15 +C. NNP 12 +Itoh NNP 12 +& CC 12 +Co. NNP 15 +and CC 15 +Nissho-Iwai NNP 15 +Corp. NNP 4 +, , 2 +which WDT 2 +make VBP 17 +many JJ 18 +of IN 19 +the DT 23 +Japanese JJ 23 +investments NNS 20 +in IN 23 +small JJ 27 +U.S. NNP 27 +concerns NNS 24 +, , 2 +have VBP 0 +no DT 32 +U.S. NNP 32 +counterpart NN 29 +. . 29 + +These DT 4 +vertically RB 3 +integrated VBN 4 +combines NNS 18 +, , 4 +some DT 7 +of IN 4 +which WDT 7 +got VBD 7 +their PRP$ 11 +start NN 9 +in IN 9 +Japan NNP 14 +'s POS 16 +feudal JJ 16 +period NN 12 +, , 4 +deal VBP 0 +globally RB 18 +in IN 18 +commodities NNS 23 +, , 23 +construction NN 20 +and CC 23 +manufacturing VBG 23 +. . 18 + +They PRP 2 +operate VBP 0 +ships NNS 5 +and CC 5 +banks NNS 2 +. . 2 + +`` `` 14 +All DT 5 +the DT 5 +`` `` 5 +sogo-shosha NN 7 +'' '' 5 +are VBP 14 +looking VBG 7 +for IN 8 +new JJ 11 +business NN 9 +, , 14 +'' '' 14 +says VBZ 0 +Arthur NNP 16 +Klauser NNP 18 +, , 18 +adviser NN 14 +to TO 18 +the DT 21 +president NN 19 +of IN 21 +Mitsui NNP 25 +, , 25 +U.S.A. NNP 22 +, , 18 +using VBG 14 +the DT 30 +Japanese NNP 30 +term NN 27 +for IN 30 +the DT 33 +largest JJS 31 +of IN 33 +the DT 38 +global JJ 38 +trading VBG 38 +houses NNS 34 +. . 14 + +Adds VBZ 0 +Takeshi NNP 3 +Kondo NNP 7 +, , 7 +senior JJ 7 +vice NN 7 +president NN 1 +of IN 7 +C. NNP 12 +Itoh NNP 12 +America NNP 12 +Inc. NNP 8 +: : 1 +`` `` 1 +We PRP 16 +have VBP 1 +a DT 19 +great JJ 19 +interest NN 16 +in IN 19 +making VBG 20 +investments NNS 21 +, , 22 +particularly RB 25 +in IN 22 +new JJ 27 +ventures NNS 25 +. . 1 +'' '' 1 + +A DT 2 +host NN 11 +of IN 2 +electronics NNS 5 +firms NNS 3 +in IN 5 +California NNP 8 +'s POS 10 +Silicon NNP 10 +Valley NNP 6 +were VBD 0 +financed VBN 11 +with IN 12 +trading-company NN 16 +venture NN 16 +capital NN 13 +. . 11 + +Profit NN 10 +, , 5 +at IN 5 +least JJS 3 +in IN 10 +the DT 8 +short JJ 8 +term NN 5 +, , 5 +is VBZ 0 +usually RB 10 +a DT 14 +secondary JJ 14 +goal NN 10 +. . 10 + +`` `` 16 +Strategic JJ 3 +objectives NNS 5 +, , 5 +not RB 9 +financial JJ 7 +return NN 5 +, , 5 +drive VBP 16 +many JJ 9 +of IN 10 +the DT 13 +deals NNS 11 +, , 16 +'' '' 16 +says VBZ 0 +a DT 20 +Venture NNP 20 +Economics NNP 20 +spokesman NN 16 +. . 16 + +In IN 20 +investing VBG 11 +on IN 2 +the DT 5 +basis NN 3 +of IN 5 +future JJ 8 +transactions NNS 6 +, , 11 +a DT 11 +role NN 1 +often RB 13 +performed VBN 11 +by IN 13 +merchant NN 16 +banks NNS 14 +, , 1 +trading NN 19 +companies NNS 20 +can MD 0 +cut VB 20 +through IN 21 +the DT 24 +logjam NN 22 +that IN 24 +small-company NN 27 +owners NNS 29 +often RB 29 +face VBP 25 +with IN 24 +their PRP$ 34 +local JJ 34 +commercial JJ 34 +banks NNS 30 +. . 20 + +`` `` 13 +It PRP 3 +'s VBZ 13 +the DT 6 +classic JJ 6 +problem NN 3 +of IN 6 +the DT 10 +small JJ 10 +businessman NN 7 +, , 13 +'' '' 13 +says VBZ 0 +Malcolm NNP 15 +Davies NNP 18 +, , 18 +managing VBG 18 +director NN 13 +of IN 18 +Trading NNP 22 +Alliance NNP 22 +Corp. NNP 19 +of IN 22 +New NNP 25 +York NNP 23 +. . 13 + +`` `` 27 +People NNS 3 +are VBP 27 +queuing VBG 3 +at IN 4 +the DT 7 +door NN 5 +to TO 9 +take VB 4 +his PRP$ 11 +product NN 9 +but CC 27 +he PRP 14 +does VBZ 27 +n't RB 14 +have VB 14 +the DT 19 +working VBG 19 +capital NN 16 +to TO 21 +make VB 19 +the DT 23 +thing NN 21 +and CC 27 +commercial JJ 26 +banks NNS 27 +are VBP 0 +very RB 29 +unsympathetic JJ 27 +. . 27 + +They PRP 2 +want VBP 6 +assets NNS 2 +, , 6 +they PRP 6 +want VBP 0 +a DT 9 +balance NN 9 +sheet NN 6 +, , 9 +which WDT 9 +has VBZ 11 +no DT 14 +relation NN 12 +to TO 14 +the DT 17 +business NN 15 +a DT 19 +company NN 20 +can MD 17 +generate VB 20 +. . 6 +'' '' 6 + +Adds VBZ 0 +Mitsui NNP 3 +'s POS 5 +Mr. NNP 5 +Klauser NNP 1 +: : 1 +`` `` 1 +Unlike IN 16 +corporations NNS 8 +in IN 9 +this DT 12 +country NN 10 +, , 16 +trading NN 15 +companies NNS 16 +are VBP 1 +n't RB 16 +so RB 16 +much RB 18 +interested JJ 18 +in IN 18 +a DT 24 +high JJ 24 +return NN 21 +on IN 24 +investment NN 25 +as IN 18 +they PRP 29 +are VBP 27 +on IN 29 +increasing VBG 30 +trade NN 33 +flows NNS 31 +. . 1 + +To TO 10 +the DT 3 +extent NN 1 +they PRP 5 +can MD 3 +do VB 5 +this DT 6 +, , 10 +they PRP 10 +'re VBP 0 +quite RB 12 +content JJ 10 +to TO 14 +get VB 12 +a DT 16 +return NN 14 +on IN 16 +investment NN 17 +of IN 16 +1 CD 24 +% NN 24 +to TO 24 +2 CD 24 +% NN 19 +. . 10 +'' '' 10 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Klauser NNP 3 +says VBZ 0 +Mitsui NNP 5 +has VBZ 22 +75 CD 8 +U.S. NNP 8 +subsidiaries NNS 5 +in IN 8 +which WDT 9 +it PRP 12 +holds VBZ 9 +35 CD 14 +% NN 15 +interest NN 12 +or CC 17 +more JJR 15 +and CC 22 +the DT 21 +trading NN 21 +company NN 22 +hopes VBZ 3 +to TO 24 +double VB 22 +the DT 26 +number NN 24 +of IN 26 +its PRP$ 30 +U.S. NNP 30 +affiliates NNS 27 +in IN 24 +1990 CD 31 +. . 3 + +Sales NNS 12 +by IN 1 +these DT 4 +subsidiaries NNS 2 +in IN 12 +the DT 8 +fiscal JJ 8 +year NN 5 +ending VBG 8 +last JJ 11 +March NNP 9 +were VBD 0 +more JJR 15 +than IN 15 +$ $ 12 +17 CD 15 +billion CD 15 +. . 12 + +A DT 7 +1 CD 6 +% NN 6 +to TO 6 +2 CD 6 +% NN 7 +return NN 13 +on IN 7 +$ $ 8 +17 CD 9 +billion CD 9 +`` `` 13 +ai VBP 20 +n't RB 13 +hay NN 13 +, , 20 +'' '' 20 +Mr. NNP 19 +Klauser NNP 20 +says VBZ 0 +. . 20 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0084.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0084.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ffddc2520ddfa55cabead5d0f08fbda4214b725 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0084.dp @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +Hudson NNP 4 +General NNP 4 +Corp. NNP 4 +'s POS 9 +president NN 9 +and CC 9 +chief JJ 9 +executive NN 9 +officer NN 13 +, , 13 +Alan NNP 13 +J. NNP 13 +Stearn NNP 15 +, , 13 +resigned VBD 0 +. . 15 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Stearn NNP 8 +, , 2 +46 CD 5 +years NNS 6 +old JJ 2 +, , 2 +could MD 0 +n't RB 8 +be VB 8 +reached VBN 10 +for IN 11 +comment NN 12 +. . 8 + +A DT 3 +company NN 3 +spokesman NN 4 +declined VBD 0 +to TO 6 +elaborate VB 4 +on IN 6 +the DT 9 +departure NN 7 +. . 4 + +Hudson NNP 2 +General NNP 17 +, , 2 +which WDT 2 +provides VBZ 4 +maintenance NN 11 +, , 11 +fueling NN 11 +and CC 11 +other JJ 11 +services NNS 5 +to TO 5 +airlines NNS 15 +and CC 15 +airports NNS 12 +, , 2 +reported VBD 0 +a DT 19 +loss NN 17 +for IN 19 +its PRP$ 25 +most RBS 23 +recent JJ 25 +fiscal NN 25 +year NN 20 +and CC 17 +last JJ 28 +month NN 29 +omitted VBD 17 +the DT 32 +semiannual JJ 32 +dividend NN 29 +on IN 32 +its PRP$ 36 +common JJ 36 +shares NNS 33 +. . 17 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Stearn NNP 21 +, , 2 +who WP 2 +had VBD 4 +been VBN 5 +with IN 6 +the DT 9 +company NN 7 +more JJR 11 +than IN 13 +20 CD 11 +years NNS 6 +and CC 5 +had VBD 5 +been VBN 15 +president NN 16 +since IN 16 +1984 CD 18 +, , 2 +will MD 0 +act VB 21 +as IN 22 +a DT 25 +consultant NN 23 +to TO 25 +Hudson NNP 28 +General NNP 26 +. . 21 + +His PRP$ 2 +duties NNS 6 +as IN 2 +chief JJ 5 +executive NN 3 +will MD 0 +be VB 6 +assumed VBN 7 +by IN 8 +Chairman NNP 13 +Jay NNP 13 +B. NNP 13 +Langner NNP 9 +. . 6 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0107.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0107.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b38d1a8150cdfd902ecc16feae94f5afedc46f58 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0107.dp @@ -0,0 +1,531 @@ +The DT 2 +House NNP 3 +passed VBD 0 +legislation NN 3 +designed VBN 4 +to TO 7 +make VB 5 +it PRP 9 +easier JJR 7 +for IN 9 +the DT 13 +Transportation NNP 13 +Department NNP 15 +to TO 15 +block VB 10 +airline NN 18 +leveraged JJ 18 +buy-outs NNS 15 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +final JJ 3 +vote NN 4 +came VBD 0 +after IN 4 +the DT 7 +House NNP 8 +rejected VBD 5 +Republican JJ 10 +efforts NNS 8 +to TO 12 +weaken VB 10 +the DT 14 +bill NN 12 +and CC 8 +approved VBD 8 +two CD 18 +amendments NNS 16 +sought VBN 18 +by IN 19 +organized VBN 22 +labor NN 20 +. . 4 + +The DT 3 +Bush NNP 3 +administration NN 4 +has VBZ 30 +threatened VBN 4 +to TO 7 +veto VB 5 +such PDT 10 +a DT 10 +bill NN 7 +because IN 5 +of IN 11 +what WP 11 +it PRP 15 +views VBZ 13 +as IN 15 +an DT 19 +undesirable JJ 19 +intrusion NN 16 +into IN 19 +the DT 22 +affairs NNS 20 +of IN 22 +industry NN 23 +, , 30 +but CC 30 +the DT 29 +300-113 CD 29 +vote NN 30 +suggests VBZ 0 +that IN 30 +supporters NNS 33 +have VBP 31 +the DT 35 +potential NN 33 +to TO 37 +override VB 35 +a DT 39 +veto NN 37 +. . 30 + +The DT 3 +broader JJR 3 +question NN 4 +is VBZ 0 +where WRB 4 +the DT 7 +Senate NNP 8 +stands VBZ 5 +on IN 8 +the DT 11 +issue NN 9 +. . 4 + +While IN 21 +the DT 5 +Senate NNP 5 +Commerce NNP 5 +Committee NNP 6 +has VBZ 1 +approved VBN 6 +legislation NN 7 +similar JJ 8 +to TO 9 +the DT 13 +House NNP 13 +bill NN 10 +on IN 8 +airline NN 17 +leveraged JJ 17 +buy-outs NNS 14 +, , 21 +the DT 20 +measure NN 21 +has VBZ 0 +n't RB 21 +yet RB 21 +come VBN 21 +to TO 24 +the DT 28 +full JJ 28 +floor NN 25 +. . 21 + +Although IN 14 +the DT 3 +legislation NN 4 +would MD 1 +apply VB 4 +to TO 5 +acquisitions NNS 6 +involving VBG 7 +any DT 11 +major JJ 11 +airline NN 8 +, , 14 +it PRP 14 +is VBZ 0 +aimed VBN 14 +at IN 15 +giving VBG 16 +the DT 20 +Transportation NNP 20 +Department NNP 17 +the DT 22 +chance NN 17 +to TO 24 +review VB 22 +in IN 24 +advance NN 25 +transactions NNS 24 +financed VBN 27 +by IN 28 +large JJ 31 +amounts NNS 29 +of IN 31 +debt NN 32 +. . 14 + +`` `` 49 +The DT 3 +purpose NN 7 +of IN 3 +the DT 6 +bill NN 4 +is VBZ 49 +to TO 9 +put VB 7 +the DT 11 +brakes NNS 9 +on IN 9 +airline NN 14 +acquisitions NNS 12 +that WDT 14 +would MD 15 +so RB 16 +load VB 16 +a DT 20 +carrier NN 18 +up RP 18 +with IN 18 +debt NN 22 +that IN 18 +it PRP 26 +would MD 24 +impede VB 26 +safety NN 33 +or CC 33 +a DT 32 +carrier NN 32 +'s POS 33 +ability NN 27 +to TO 35 +compete VB 33 +, , 49 +'' '' 49 +Rep. NNP 41 +John NNP 41 +Paul NNP 41 +Hammerschmidt NNP 49 +, , 41 +-LRB- -LRB- 46 +R. 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NNP 10 +Peter NNP 10 +DeFazio NNP 7 +-LRB- -LRB- 14 +D. NNP 14 +, , 14 +Ore. NNP 10 +-RRB- -RRB- 14 +that WDT 5 +would MD 16 +, , 19 +in IN 17 +addition NN 19 +to TO 20 +the DT 24 +previous JJ 24 +criteria NNS 21 +, , 19 +also RB 17 +require VB 17 +the DT 29 +department NN 31 +to TO 31 +block VB 27 +the DT 33 +acquisition NN 31 +of IN 33 +an DT 36 +airline NN 34 +if IN 31 +the DT 40 +added VBN 40 +debt NN 42 +incurred VBN 40 +were VBD 37 +likely JJ 42 +to TO 45 +result VB 43 +in IN 45 +a DT 48 +reduction NN 46 +in IN 48 +the DT 51 +number NN 62 +of IN 51 +the DT 55 +carrier NN 55 +'s POS 56 +employees NNS 52 +, , 62 +or CC 62 +their PRP$ 62 +wages NNS 62 +or CC 62 +benefits NNS 49 +. . 3 + +Rep. NNP 3 +James NNP 3 +Traficant NNP 10 +-LRB- -LRB- 7 +D. 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NNP 6 +who WP 5 +is VBZ 9 +rallying VBG 10 +other JJ 13 +CEOs NNS 11 +to TO 11 +the DT 18 +anti-program JJ 18 +trading NN 18 +cause NN 14 +, , 5 +says VBZ 0 +he PRP 22 +has VBZ 20 +received VBN 22 +`` `` 27 +countless JJ 27 +'' '' 27 +letters NNS 23 +offering VBG 27 +support NN 28 +. . 20 + +`` `` 3 +They PRP 3 +said VBD 0 +universally RB 3 +, , 3 +without IN 3 +a DT 9 +single JJ 9 +exception NN 6 +: : 3 +Do VB 3 +n't RB 11 +even RB 11 +compromise VB 11 +. . 3 + +Kill VB 6 +it PRP 1 +, , 6 +'' '' 6 +he PRP 6 +says VBZ 0 +. . 6 + +Wall NNP 3 +Street NNP 3 +'s POS 5 +New NNP 5 +Guard NNP 6 +is VBZ 0 +n't RB 6 +likely JJ 6 +to TO 10 +take VB 8 +all PDT 12 +this DT 10 +lying VBG 10 +down IN 13 +for IN 10 +long RB 15 +, , 6 +however RB 6 +. . 6 + +Its PRP$ 6 +new JJ 6 +products NNS 6 +and CC 6 +trading NN 6 +techniques NNS 7 +have VBP 0 +been VBN 7 +highly RB 10 +profitable JJ 8 +. . 7 + +Program NN 4 +trading NN 4 +money NN 4 +managers NNS 5 +have VBP 31 +gained VBN 5 +control NN 6 +over IN 7 +a DT 11 +big JJ 11 +chunk NN 8 +of IN 11 +the DT 15 +invested VBN 15 +funds NNS 12 +in IN 15 +this DT 18 +country NN 16 +, , 31 +and CC 31 +the DT 22 +pressures NNS 31 +on IN 22 +such JJ 26 +money NN 26 +managers NNS 23 +to TO 28 +produce VB 22 +consistent JJ 30 +profits NNS 28 +has VBZ 0 +wedded VBN 31 +them PRP 32 +to TO 32 +the DT 36 +ability NN 34 +to TO 38 +move VB 36 +rapidly RB 38 +in IN 38 +and CC 40 +out IN 40 +the DT 44 +market NN 40 +that IN 36 +program NN 47 +trading NN 48 +gives VBZ 45 +them PRP 48 +. . 31 + +What WP 30 +'s VBZ 1 +more JJR 2 +, , 30 +the DT 7 +last JJ 7 +time NN 30 +major JJ 11 +Wall NNP 11 +Street NNP 11 +firms NNS 12 +said VBD 7 +they PRP 14 +were VBD 12 +getting VBG 14 +out IN 15 +of IN 16 +program NN 19 +trading NN 17 +-- : 21 +in IN 7 +the DT 23 +aftermath NN 21 +of IN 23 +the DT 27 +1987 CD 27 +crash NN 24 +-- : 21 +they PRP 30 +waited VBD 0 +a DT 33 +few JJ 33 +months NNS 30 +and CC 30 +then RB 30 +sneaked VBD 30 +back RB 36 +into IN 36 +it PRP 38 +. . 30 + +Even RB 3 +some DT 3 +members NNS 14 +of IN 3 +the DT 7 +Old NNP 7 +Guard NNP 4 +, , 14 +despite IN 14 +their PRP$ 12 +current JJ 12 +advantage NN 9 +, , 14 +seem VBP 0 +to TO 16 +be VB 14 +conceding VBG 16 +that IN 17 +the DT 20 +future NN 21 +belongs VBZ 18 +with IN 21 +the DT 25 +New NNP 25 +Guard NNP 22 +. . 14 + +Last JJ 2 +week NN 27 +, , 27 +Robert NNP 6 +M. NNP 6 +Bradley NNP 19 +, , 19 +one CD 19 +of IN 8 +the DT 13 +Big NNP 13 +Board NNP 13 +'s POS 17 +most RBS 15 +respected VBN 17 +floor NN 17 +traders NNS 9 +and CC 19 +head NN 27 +of IN 19 +a DT 24 +major JJ 24 +traders NNS 24 +' POS 25 +organization NN 20 +, , 19 +surrendered VBD 0 +. . 27 + +He PRP 2 +sold VBD 0 +his PRP$ 5 +exchange NN 5 +seat NN 2 +and CC 2 +wrote VBD 2 +a DT 10 +bitter JJ 10 +letter NN 7 +to TO 10 +Big NNP 18 +Board NNP 18 +Chairman NNP 18 +John NNP 18 +J. NNP 18 +Phelan NNP 18 +Jr. NNP 11 +in IN 10 +which WDT 19 +he PRP 22 +said VBD 19 +the DT 25 +Big NNP 25 +Board NNP 26 +is VBZ 22 +too RB 28 +focused VBN 26 +on IN 28 +machines NNS 29 +, , 30 +rather RB 33 +than IN 30 +people NNS 33 +. . 2 + +He PRP 2 +said VBD 0 +the DT 4 +exchange NN 5 +is VBZ 2 +`` `` 7 +headed VBN 5 +for IN 7 +a DT 11 +real JJ 11 +crisis NN 8 +'' '' 7 +if IN 7 +program NN 15 +trading NN 16 +is VBZ 13 +n't RB 16 +curbed VBN 16 +. . 2 + +`` `` 23 +I PRP 3 +do VBP 23 +not RB 3 +want VB 3 +my PRP$ 7 +money NN 8 +invested VBN 5 +in IN 8 +what WP 9 +I PRP 12 +consider VBP 10 +as IN 12 +nothing NN 13 +more JJR 14 +than IN 15 +a DT 18 +casino NN 16 +, , 23 +'' '' 23 +Mr. NNP 22 +Bradley NNP 23 +wrote VBD 0 +. . 23 + +The DT 2 +battle NN 3 +has VBZ 0 +turned VBN 3 +into IN 4 +a DT 8 +civil JJ 8 +war NN 5 +at IN 4 +some DT 13 +firms NNS 13 +and CC 13 +organizations NNS 9 +, , 4 +causing VBG 4 +internal JJ 17 +contradictions NNS 15 +and CC 15 +pitting VBG 15 +employee NN 19 +against IN 19 +employee NN 21 +. . 3 + +At IN 18 +Kidder NNP 5 +, , 5 +a DT 5 +unit NN 15 +of IN 5 +General NNP 9 +Electric NNP 9 +Co. NNP 6 +, , 5 +and CC 15 +other JJ 15 +big JJ 15 +brokerage NN 15 +firms NNS 1 +, , 18 +stockbrokers NNS 18 +battle VBP 0 +their PRP$ 22 +own JJ 22 +firm NN 22 +'s POS 24 +program NN 24 +traders NNS 18 +a DT 27 +few JJ 27 +floors NNS 28 +away RB 24 +. . 18 + +Corporations NNS 4 +like IN 1 +Contel NNP 2 +denounce VBP 10 +program NN 6 +trading NN 4 +, , 10 +yet CC 10 +Contel NNP 10 +has VBZ 0 +in IN 10 +the DT 13 +past NN 11 +hired VBD 10 +pension NN 17 +fund NN 17 +managers NNS 14 +like IN 17 +Bankers NNP 21 +Trust NNP 21 +Co. NNP 18 +that WDT 17 +are VBP 22 +also RB 23 +big JJ 27 +program NN 27 +traders NNS 23 +. . 10 + +The DT 3 +Big NNP 3 +Board NNP 10 +-- : 10 +the DT 7 +nation NN 7 +'s POS 10 +premier JJ 10 +stock NN 10 +exchange NN 12 +-- : 10 +is VBZ 0 +sharply RB 12 +divided VBN 12 +between IN 14 +its PRP$ 18 +floor NN 18 +traders NNS 22 +and CC 22 +its PRP$ 22 +top JJ 22 +executives NNS 15 +. . 12 + +Its PRP$ 6 +entrenched VBN 6 +49 CD 6 +stock NN 6 +specialists NNS 6 +firms NNS 7 +are VBP 0 +fighting VBG 7 +tooth NN 8 +and CC 9 +nail NN 9 +against IN 8 +programs NNS 12 +. . 7 + +But CC 17 +the DT 5 +Big NNP 5 +Board NNP 5 +'s POS 6 +leadership NN 17 +-- : 8 +over IN 17 +the DT 11 +specialists NNS 11 +' POS 12 +protests NNS 8 +-- : 8 +two CD 15 +weeks NNS 16 +ago IN 17 +began VBD 0 +trading NN 17 +a DT 25 +new JJ 25 +stock NN 25 +`` `` 25 +basket NN 25 +'' '' 25 +product NN 18 +designed VBN 25 +to TO 28 +facilitate VB 26 +program NN 30 +trading NN 28 +. . 17 + +`` `` 21 +A DT 3 +lot NN 6 +of IN 3 +people NNS 4 +would MD 21 +like VB 6 +to TO 9 +go VB 7 +back RB 9 +to TO 9 +1970 CD 11 +, , 12 +'' '' 12 +before IN 12 +program NN 17 +trading NN 15 +, , 21 +Mr. NNP 20 +Phelan NNP 21 +said VBD 0 +this DT 23 +week NN 21 +. . 21 + +`` `` 3 +I PRP 3 +would MD 0 +like VB 3 +to TO 6 +go VB 4 +back RB 6 +to TO 6 +1970 CD 8 +. . 3 + +But CC 3 +we PRP 3 +are VBP 0 +not RB 3 +going VBG 3 +back RB 5 +to TO 5 +1970 CD 7 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Again RB 8 +and CC 1 +again RB 1 +, , 8 +program-trading NN 6 +'s POS 7 +critics NNS 8 +raise VBP 0 +the DT 13 +`` `` 13 +casino NN 13 +'' '' 13 +theme NN 8 +. . 8 + +They PRP 2 +say VBP 0 +greedy JJ 5 +market NN 5 +manipulators NNS 6 +have VBP 2 +made VBN 6 +a DT 9 +shambles NN 7 +of IN 9 +the DT 13 +nation NN 13 +'s POS 15 +free-enterprise NN 15 +system NN 10 +, , 7 +turning VBG 7 +the DT 20 +stock NN 20 +market NN 17 +into IN 17 +a DT 25 +big JJ 25 +gambling NN 25 +den NN 21 +, , 17 +with IN 17 +the DT 29 +odds NNS 31 +heavily RB 31 +stacked VBN 27 +against IN 31 +the DT 35 +small JJ 35 +investor NN 32 +. . 2 + +`` `` 25 +The DT 3 +public NN 4 +did VBD 16 +n't RB 4 +come VBN 4 +to TO 6 +the DT 9 +market NN 7 +to TO 11 +play VB 6 +a DT 13 +game NN 11 +; : 16 +they PRP 16 +can MD 25 +go VB 16 +to TO 17 +Off-Track NNP 20 +Betting NNP 18 +for IN 17 +that DT 21 +, , 25 +'' '' 25 +says VBZ 0 +A. NNP 28 +Brean NNP 28 +Murray NNP 30 +, , 30 +chairman NN 25 +of IN 30 +Brean NNP 36 +Murray NNP 36 +, , 36 +Foster NNP 36 +Securities NNPS 42 +, , 42 +a DT 42 +traditional JJ 42 +money NN 42 +management NN 42 +firm NN 31 +. . 25 + +The DT 3 +program NN 3 +traders NNS 10 +, , 10 +on IN 10 +the DT 8 +other JJ 8 +hand NN 5 +, , 10 +portray VBP 0 +old-fashioned JJ 13 +stock NN 13 +pickers NNS 10 +as IN 10 +the DT 16 +Neanderthals NNS 14 +of IN 16 +the DT 19 +industry NN 17 +. . 10 + +Critics NNS 6 +like IN 1 +Mr. NNP 4 +Murray NNP 2 +`` `` 6 +are VBP 18 +looking VBG 6 +for IN 7 +witches NNS 8 +, , 18 +and CC 18 +people NNS 18 +who WP 12 +use VBP 13 +computers NNS 14 +to TO 17 +trade VB 14 +are VBP 24 +a DT 21 +convenient JJ 21 +boogieman NN 18 +, , 24 +'' '' 24 +says VBZ 0 +J. NNP 27 +Thomas NNP 27 +Allen NNP 29 +, , 29 +president NN 24 +of IN 29 +Advanced NNP 34 +Investment NNP 34 +Management NNP 34 +Inc. NNP 38 +, , 38 +a DT 38 +Pittsburgh NNP 38 +firm NN 30 +that WDT 38 +runs VBZ 39 +a DT 45 +$ $ 45 +200 CD 42 +million CD 42 +fund NN 40 +that WDT 45 +uses VBZ 46 +index NN 49 +arbitrage NN 47 +. . 24 + +`` `` 9 +Just RB 5 +a DT 5 +blind JJ 5 +fear NN 9 +of IN 5 +the DT 8 +unknown NN 6 +is VBZ 0 +causing VBG 9 +them PRP 13 +to TO 13 +beg VB 10 +the DT 15 +regulators NNS 13 +for IN 13 +protection NN 16 +. . 9 +'' '' 9 + +For IN 7 +all PDT 4 +the DT 4 +furor NN 1 +, , 1 +there EX 7 +is VBZ 0 +nothing NN 7 +particularly RB 10 +complex JJ 8 +about IN 8 +the DT 13 +concept NN 11 +of IN 13 +stock-index JJ 16 +arbitrage NN 21 +, , 21 +the DT 21 +most RBS 20 +controversial JJ 21 +type NN 14 +of IN 21 +computer-assisted JJ 25 +program NN 25 +trading NN 22 +. . 7 + +Like IN 9 +other JJ 3 +forms NNS 1 +of IN 3 +arbitrage NN 4 +, , 9 +it PRP 9 +merely RB 9 +seeks VBZ 0 +to TO 11 +take VB 9 +advantage NN 11 +of IN 12 +momentary JJ 15 +discrepancies NNS 13 +in IN 15 +the DT 18 +price NN 16 +of IN 18 +a DT 22 +single JJ 22 +product NN 19 +-- : 29 +in IN 29 +this DT 26 +case NN 24 +, , 29 +a DT 29 +basket NN 22 +of IN 29 +stocks NNS 30 +-- : 29 +in IN 15 +different JJ 35 +markets NNS 33 +-- : 49 +in IN 49 +this DT 39 +case NN 37 +the DT 44 +New NNP 44 +York NNP 44 +Stock NNP 44 +Exchange NNP 49 +and CC 49 +the DT 49 +Chicago NNP 49 +futures NNS 49 +markets NNS 35 +. . 9 + +That DT 2 +divergence NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +what WP 3 +stock NN 7 +index NN 7 +traders NNS 8 +seek VBP 4 +. . 3 + +When WRB 7 +it PRP 3 +occurs VBZ 1 +, , 7 +the DT 6 +traders NNS 7 +place VBP 49 +orders NNS 7 +via IN 7 +computers NNS 9 +to TO 12 +buy VB 7 +the DT 14 +basket NN 12 +of IN 14 +stocks NNS 15 +-LRB- -LRB- 19 +such JJ 19 +as IN 16 +the DT 22 +500 CD 22 +stocks NNS 19 +that WDT 22 +constitute VBP 23 +the DT 29 +Standard NNP 29 +& CC 29 +Poor NNP 29 +'s POS 32 +500 CD 32 +stock NN 32 +index NN 24 +-RRB- -RRB- 19 +in IN 14 +whichever WDT 34 +market NN 35 +is VBZ 35 +cheaper JJR 37 +and CC 12 +sell VBP 12 +them PRP 40 +in IN 40 +the DT 46 +more RBR 46 +expensive JJ 46 +market NN 42 +; : 49 +they PRP 49 +lock VBP 0 +in RP 49 +the DT 52 +difference NN 49 +in IN 52 +price NN 53 +as IN 49 +profit NN 55 +. . 49 + +Such JJ 3 +program NN 3 +trades NNS 19 +, , 3 +which WDT 3 +can MD 5 +involve VB 6 +the DT 11 +purchase NN 11 +or CC 11 +sale NN 7 +of IN 11 +millions NNS 12 +of IN 13 +dollars NNS 14 +of IN 15 +stock NN 16 +, , 3 +occur VBP 0 +in IN 19 +a DT 22 +matter NN 20 +of IN 22 +seconds NNS 23 +. . 19 + +A DT 3 +program NN 3 +trade NN 11 +of IN 3 +$ $ 4 +5 CD 5 +million CD 5 +of IN 5 +stock NN 8 +typically RB 11 +earns VBZ 0 +a DT 14 +razor-thin JJ 14 +profit NN 11 +of IN 14 +$ $ 17 +25,000 CD 15 +. . 11 + +To TO 2 +keep VB 15 +program-trading JJ 4 +units NNS 5 +profitable JJ 2 +in IN 5 +the DT 8 +eyes NNS 6 +of IN 8 +senior JJ 12 +brokerage NN 12 +executives NNS 9 +, , 15 +traders NNS 15 +must MD 0 +seize VB 15 +every DT 18 +opportunity NN 16 +their PRP$ 20 +computers NNS 21 +find VBP 18 +. . 15 + +The DT 2 +speed NN 14 +with IN 2 +which WDT 3 +such JJ 7 +program NN 7 +trades NNS 8 +take VBP 3 +place NN 8 +and CC 14 +the DT 14 +volatile JJ 14 +price NN 14 +movements NNS 18 +they PRP 16 +can MD 14 +cause VB 16 +are VBP 0 +what WP 18 +program NN 22 +trading NN 22 +critics NNS 23 +profess VBP 19 +to TO 25 +despise VB 23 +. . 18 + +`` `` 28 +If IN 11 +you PRP 4 +continue VBP 2 +to TO 6 +do VB 4 +this DT 6 +, , 11 +the DT 10 +investor NN 11 +becomes VBZ 28 +frightened VBN 11 +-- : 11 +any DT 15 +investor NN 25 +: : 25 +the DT 19 +odd JJ 19 +lotter NN 25 +, , 25 +mutual JJ 22 +funds NNS 25 +and CC 25 +pension NN 25 +funds NNS 11 +, , 28 +'' '' 28 +says VBZ 0 +Larry NNP 30 +Zicklin NNP 33 +, , 33 +managing VBG 33 +partner NN 28 +at IN 33 +Neuberger NNP 37 +& CC 37 +Berman NNP 34 +. . 28 + +But CC 6 +many JJ 5 +experts NNS 5 +and CC 5 +traders NNS 6 +say VBP 0 +that IN 6 +program NN 9 +trading NN 10 +is VBZ 7 +n't RB 10 +the DT 14 +main JJ 14 +reason NN 10 +for IN 14 +stock-market NN 17 +gyrations NNS 15 +. . 6 + +`` `` 3 +I PRP 3 +have VBP 18 +not RB 3 +seen VBN 3 +one CD 7 +iota NN 5 +of IN 7 +evidence NN 8 +'' '' 9 +to TO 12 +support VB 9 +restrictions NNS 12 +on IN 13 +program NN 16 +trading NN 14 +, , 18 +says VBZ 0 +a DT 23 +Vanderbilt NNP 23 +University NNP 23 +finance NN 23 +professor NN 29 +, , 29 +Hans NNP 26 +Stoll NNP 29 +, , 29 +an DT 29 +authority NN 18 +on IN 29 +the DT 32 +subject NN 30 +. . 18 + +Says VBZ 0 +the DT 5 +Big NNP 5 +Board NNP 5 +'s POS 7 +Mr. NNP 7 +Phelan NNP 1 +, , 1 +`` `` 1 +Volatility NN 11 +is VBZ 1 +greater JJR 11 +than IN 12 +program NN 15 +trading NN 13 +. . 1 +'' '' 1 + +The DT 4 +Oct. NNP 4 +13 CD 4 +plunge NN 5 +was VBD 0 +triggered VBN 5 +not RB 6 +by IN 7 +program NN 10 +traders NNS 8 +, , 7 +but CC 7 +by IN 7 +news NN 13 +of IN 14 +the DT 17 +unraveling NN 15 +of IN 17 +the DT 23 +$ $ 23 +6.79 CD 20 +billion CD 20 +buy-out NN 18 +of IN 23 +UAL NNP 26 +Corp NNP 24 +. . 5 + +Unable JJ 17 +to TO 3 +unload VB 1 +UAL NNP 8 +and CC 8 +other JJ 8 +airline NN 8 +shares NNS 3 +, , 17 +takeover-stock JJ 11 +speculators NNS 15 +, , 15 +or CC 15 +risk VB 15 +arbitragers NNS 17 +, , 15 +dumped VBD 0 +every DT 20 +blue-chip JJ 20 +stock NN 17 +they PRP 22 +had VBD 20 +. . 17 + +While IN 21 +program NN 3 +trades NNS 5 +swiftly RB 5 +kicked VBD 1 +in IN 5 +, , 21 +a DT 11 +`` `` 11 +circuit NN 11 +breaker NN 21 +'' '' 11 +that WDT 11 +halted VBD 13 +trading NN 14 +in IN 15 +stock NN 18 +futures NNS 16 +in IN 15 +Chicago NNP 19 +made VBD 0 +some DT 24 +program NN 24 +trading NN 25 +impossible JJ 21 +. . 21 + +Susan NNP 3 +Del NNP 3 +Signore NNP 6 +, , 6 +head NN 6 +trader NN 13 +at IN 6 +Travelers NNPS 11 +Investment NNP 11 +Management NNP 11 +Co. NNP 7 +, , 6 +says VBZ 0 +critics NNS 15 +are VBP 13 +ignoring VBG 15 +`` `` 16 +the DT 19 +role NN 16 +the DT 25 +-LCB- -LRB- 25 +takeover NN 25 +stock NN 25 +-RCB- -RRB- 25 +speculator NN 26 +is VBZ 19 +taking VBG 26 +in IN 27 +the DT 30 +market NN 28 +as IN 16 +a DT 33 +source NN 31 +of IN 33 +volatility NN 34 +. . 13 +'' '' 13 + +Many JJ 2 +arbs NNS 3 +are VBP 14 +`` `` 3 +overleveraged JJ 3 +, , 14 +'' '' 14 +she PRP 9 +says VBZ 14 +, , 14 +and CC 14 +they PRP 14 +`` `` 14 +have VBP 0 +to TO 16 +sell VB 14 +when WRB 16 +things NNS 19 +look VBP 17 +like IN 19 +they PRP 22 +fall VBP 20 +apart RB 22 +. . 14 +'' '' 14 + +Like IN 11 +virtually RB 3 +everything NN 1 +on IN 3 +Wall NNP 6 +Street NNP 4 +, , 11 +the DT 10 +program-trading JJ 10 +battle NN 11 +is VBZ 18 +over IN 11 +money NN 12 +, , 18 +and CC 18 +the DT 17 +traditionalists NNS 18 +have VBP 0 +been VBN 18 +losing VBG 19 +out RP 20 +on IN 20 +bundles NNS 22 +of IN 23 +it PRP 24 +to TO 20 +the DT 29 +New NNP 29 +Guard NNP 26 +in IN 20 +recent JJ 32 +years NNS 30 +. . 18 + +Take VB 0 +the DT 5 +traditional JJ 5 +money NN 5 +managers NNS 10 +, , 10 +or CC 10 +`` `` 10 +stock NN 10 +pickers NNS 1 +, , 10 +'' '' 10 +as IN 10 +they PRP 15 +are VBP 13 +derisively RB 15 +known VBN 15 +among IN 17 +the DT 21 +computer NN 21 +jockeys NNS 18 +. . 1 + +Traditional JJ 3 +stock NN 3 +managers NNS 4 +like VBP 0 +to TO 6 +charge VB 4 +50 CD 8 +cents NNS 11 +to TO 11 +75 CD 11 +cents NNS 25 +for IN 11 +every DT 15 +$ $ 15 +100 CD 12 +they PRP 17 +manage VBP 15 +for IN 17 +big JJ 21 +institutional JJ 21 +investors NNS 18 +, , 25 +and CC 25 +higher JJR 25 +fees NNS 6 +for IN 25 +smaller JJR 28 +investors NNS 26 +. . 4 + +Yet CC 6 +many JJ 4 +such JJ 4 +managers NNS 6 +consistently RB 6 +fail VBP 0 +to TO 9 +even RB 9 +keep VB 6 +up RP 9 +with IN 9 +, , 9 +much RB 9 +less JJR 13 +beat VB 9 +, , 9 +the DT 18 +returns NNS 9 +of IN 18 +standard JJ 21 +benchmarks NNS 19 +like IN 21 +the DT 24 +S&P NNP 22 + +Not RB 7 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16 +products NNS 18 +like IN 19 +the DT 24 +new JJ 24 +stock NN 24 +basket NN 20 +that IN 19 +his PRP$ 28 +former JJ 28 +colleagues NNS 29 +dislike VBP 25 +so RB 29 +much RB 30 +-- : 18 +to TO 34 +keep VB 16 +index NN 36 +funds NNS 40 +and CC 40 +other JJ 40 +program NN 40 +traders NNS 34 +from IN 34 +taking VBG 41 +their PRP$ 44 +business NN 42 +to TO 42 +overseas JJ 47 +markets NNS 45 +. . 13 + +Meanwhile RB 7 +, , 7 +specialists NNS 4 +' POS 6 +trading NN 6 +risks NNS 7 +have VBP 0 +skyrocketed VBN 7 +as IN 8 +a DT 11 +result NN 9 +of IN 11 +stock-market NN 14 +volatility NN 12 +. . 7 + +`` `` 9 +When WRB 9 +the DT 5 +sell NN 5 +programs NNS 6 +hit VBP 2 +, , 9 +you PRP 9 +can MD 25 +hear VB 9 +the DT 13 +order NN 13 +printers NNS 14 +start VB 10 +to TO 16 +go VB 14 +'' '' 16 +on IN 16 +the DT 23 +Big NNP 23 +Board NNP 23 +trading NN 23 +floor NN 18 +, , 25 +says VBZ 0 +one CD 27 +specialist NN 25 +there RB 27 +. . 25 + +`` `` 27 +The DT 3 +buyers NNS 4 +walk VBP 10 +away RB 4 +, , 10 +and CC 10 +the DT 9 +specialist NN 10 +is VBZ 27 +left VBN 10 +alone RB 11 +'' '' 11 +as IN 11 +the DT 16 +buyer NN 14 +of IN 16 +last JJ 19 +resort NN 17 +for IN 16 +his PRP$ 22 +stable NN 20 +of IN 22 +stocks NNS 23 +, , 27 +he PRP 27 +contends VBZ 0 +. . 27 + +No DT 2 +one NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +more RBR 5 +unhappy JJ 3 +with IN 5 +program NN 8 +trading NN 6 +than IN 5 +the DT 12 +nation NN 12 +'s POS 13 +stockbrokers NNS 9 +. . 3 + +They PRP 2 +are VBP 0 +still RB 2 +trying VBG 2 +to TO 6 +lure VB 4 +back RB 6 +small JJ 9 +investors NNS 6 +spooked VBN 9 +by IN 10 +the DT 15 +1987 CD 15 +stock-market NN 15 +crash NN 20 +and CC 20 +the DT 19 +market NN 19 +'s POS 20 +swings NNS 11 +since IN 20 +then RB 21 +. . 2 + +`` `` 28 +Small JJ 3 +investors NNS 4 +are VBP 21 +absolutely RB 6 +dismayed JJ 4 +that IN 6 +Wall NNP 9 +Street NNP 10 +is VBZ 7 +stacking VBG 10 +the DT 13 +deck NN 11 +against IN 11 +them PRP 14 +, , 21 +and CC 21 +these DT 20 +wide JJ 20 +swings NNS 21 +are VBP 28 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NNP 31 +Mason NNP 33 +, , 33 +chairman NN 28 +of IN 33 +regional JJ 39 +broker NN 39 +Legg NNP 39 +Mason NNP 39 +Inc. 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NNP 28 +, , 28 +Kidder NNP 17 +Peabody NNP 28 +, , 28 +Merrill NNP 20 +Lynch NNP 28 +, , 28 +Salomon NNP 24 +Brothers NNPS 24 +Inc. NNP 28 +and CC 28 +PaineWebber NNP 28 +Group NNP 28 +Inc NNP 5 +. . 5 + +But CC 3 +then RB 3 +came VBD 0 +Oct. 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NNP 28 +Edward NNP 28 +Markey NNP 32 +, , 32 +a DT 32 +Massachusetts NNP 32 +Democrat NNP 25 +. . 25 + +`` `` 3 +We PRP 3 +have VBP 0 +to TO 5 +have VB 3 +a DT 7 +system NN 5 +that WDT 7 +says VBZ 8 +to TO 9 +those DT 13 +largest JJS 13 +investors NNS 10 +: : 3 + +` `` 2 +Sit VB 0 +down RB 2 +! . 2 + +You PRP 2 +will MD 0 +not RB 2 +panic VB 2 +, , 2 + +you PRP 2 +will MD 0 +not RB 2 +put VB 2 +the DT 7 +financial JJ 7 +system NN 4 +in IN 4 +jeopardy NN 8 +. . 2 +' '' 2 +'' '' 2 + +But CC 10 +the DT 3 +prospects NNS 10 +for IN 3 +legislation NN 4 +that WDT 5 +targets VBZ 6 +program NN 9 +trading NN 7 +is VBZ 0 +unlikely JJ 10 +anytime RB 10 +soon RB 12 +. . 10 + +Many JJ 2 +people NNS 9 +, , 2 +including VBG 2 +the DT 7 +Big NNP 7 +Board NNP 4 +, , 2 +think VBP 0 +that IN 9 +it PRP 12 +'s VBZ 10 +too RB 14 +late JJ 12 +to TO 16 +put VB 14 +the DT 18 +genie NN 16 +back RB 16 +in IN 16 +the DT 22 +bottle NN 20 +. . 9 + +The DT 4 +Big NNP 4 +Board NNP 4 +'s POS 5 +directors NNS 6 +meet 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NNP 3 +White NNP 4 +contributed VBD 0 +to TO 4 +this DT 7 +article NN 5 +. . 4 + +Fundamentalists NNPS 2 +Jihad NNP 0 + +Big NNP 5 +Board NNP 5 +Chairman NNP 5 +John NNP 5 +Phelan NNP 6 +said VBD 0 +yesterday NN 6 +that IN 6 +he PRP 10 +could MD 8 +support VB 10 +letting VBG 11 +federal JJ 14 +regulators NNS 15 +suspend VB 12 +program NN 17 +trading NN 15 +during IN 15 +wild JJ 21 +stock-price NN 21 +swings NNS 18 +. . 6 + +Thus RB 8 +the DT 4 +band-wagon JJ 4 +psychology NN 8 +of IN 4 +recent JJ 7 +days NNS 5 +picks VBZ 0 +up RP 8 +new JJ 11 +impetus NN 8 +. . 8 + +Index NN 2 +arbitrage NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +a DT 6 +common JJ 6 +form NN 3 +of IN 6 +program NN 9 +trading NN 7 +. . 3 + +As IN 5 +usually RB 3 +practiced VBN 1 +it PRP 5 +takes VBZ 0 +advantage NN 5 +of IN 5 +a DT 11 +rather RB 10 +basic JJ 11 +concept NN 7 +: : 11 +Two CD 15 +separate JJ 15 +markets NNS 26 +in IN 15 +different JJ 18 +locations NNS 16 +, , 15 +trading VBG 15 +basically RB 24 +the DT 24 +same JJ 24 +widgets NNS 20 +, , 15 +ca MD 11 +n't RB 26 +trade VB 26 +them PRP 28 +for IN 28 +long RB 30 +at IN 28 +prices NNS 32 +that WDT 33 +are VBP 34 +widely RB 37 +different JJ 35 +. . 5 + +In IN 15 +index NN 3 +arbitrage NN 1 +, , 15 +the DT 6 +widget NN 7 +is VBZ 15 +the DT 9 +S&P NNP 7 +500 CD 9 +, , 15 +and CC 15 +its PRP$ 14 +price NN 15 +is VBZ 0 +constantly RB 15 +compared VBN 15 +between IN 17 +the DT 21 +futures NNS 21 +market NN 27 +in IN 21 +Chicago NNP 22 +and CC 27 +the DT 27 +stock NN 27 +markets NNS 18 +largely RB 29 +in IN 27 +New NNP 31 +York NNP 29 +. . 15 + +To TO 2 +profit VB 18 +from IN 2 +an DT 6 +index-arbitrage JJ 6 +opportunity NN 3 +, , 18 +someone NN 18 +who WP 8 +owns VBZ 9 +the DT 14 +S&P NNP 14 +500 CD 14 +widget NN 10 +in IN 14 +New NNP 17 +York NNP 15 +must MD 0 +sell VB 18 +it PRP 19 +and CC 19 +replace VB 19 +it PRP 22 +with IN 22 +a DT 29 +cheaper JJR 29 +S&P NNP 29 +500 CD 29 +widget NN 24 +in IN 29 +Chicago NNP 30 +. . 18 + +If IN 27 +the DT 4 +money NN 4 +manager NN 8 +performing VBG 4 +this DT 7 +service NN 5 +is VBZ 1 +being VBG 8 +paid VBN 9 +by IN 10 +his PRP$ 13 +clients NNS 11 +to TO 15 +match VB 10 +or CC 15 +beat VB 15 +the DT 19 +return NN 15 +of IN 19 +the DT 24 +S&P NNP 24 +500 CD 24 +index NN 20 +, , 27 +he PRP 27 +is VBZ 0 +likely JJ 27 +to TO 30 +remain VB 28 +fully RB 32 +invested VBN 30 +at IN 32 +all DT 35 +times NNS 33 +. . 27 + +-LRB- -LRB- 26 +Few JJ 8 +, , 5 +if IN 5 +any DT 8 +, , 5 +index-fund JJ 8 +managers NNS 9 +will MD 26 +risk VB 9 +leveraging VBG 10 +performance NN 11 +by IN 10 +owning VBG 13 +more JJR 16 +than IN 19 +100 CD 16 +% NN 16 +exposure NN 14 +to TO 19 +stocks NNS 20 +, , 26 +and CC 26 +equally RB 25 +few JJ 26 +will MD 0 +want VB 26 +to TO 29 +own VB 27 +less JJR 29 +than IN 30 +a DT 35 +100 CD 34 +% NN 35 +position NN 31 +should MD 27 +stocks NNS 36 +rise VB 36 +. . 26 +-RRB- -RRB- 26 + +By IN 12 +constantly RB 3 +seeking VBG 1 +to TO 5 +own VB 3 +the DT 8 +cheapest JJS 8 +widget NN 5 +, , 12 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NNP 12 +, , 10 +executes VBZ 0 +program NN 14 +trades NNS 12 +for IN 12 +institutions NNS 15 +. . 12 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0128.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0128.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b124987804c75cad945e768ec84d40d097a6fe29 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0128.dp @@ -0,0 +1,1213 @@ +Wall NNP 3 +Street NNP 3 +'s POS 6 +big JJ 6 +securities NNS 6 +firms NNS 7 +face VBP 0 +the DT 9 +prospect NN 7 +of IN 9 +having VBG 10 +their PRP$ 14 +credit NN 14 +ratings NNS 15 +lowered VBN 11 +. . 7 + +The DT 2 +reason NN 0 +: : 2 +Risks NNS 15 +from IN 4 +the DT 8 +firms NNS 8 +' POS 14 +new JJ 14 +`` `` 14 +merchant NN 14 +banking NN 14 +'' '' 14 +activities NNS 5 +are VBP 2 +rising VBG 15 +as IN 16 +revenue NN 25 +from IN 18 +the DT 22 +industry NN 22 +'s POS 24 +traditional JJ 24 +business NN 19 +erodes VBZ 17 +. . 2 + +The DT 2 +downgrading NN 45 +of IN 2 +debt NN 3 +issued VBN 4 +by IN 5 +CS NNP 10 +First NNP 10 +Boston NNP 10 +Inc. 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NNP 14 +, , 14 +First NNP 11 +Boston NNP 11 +'s POS 14 +most JJS 13 +lucrative JJ 14 +client NN 5 +of IN 14 +the DT 17 +decade NN 15 +, , 14 +is VBZ 0 +proving VBG 19 +costly JJ 20 +to TO 21 +First NNP 24 +Boston NNP 22 +because IN 20 +it PRP 27 +arranged VBD 25 +more JJR 30 +than IN 30 +$ $ 27 +3 CD 30 +billion CD 30 +of IN 30 +high-yield JJ 38 +, , 38 +high-risk JJ 38 +junk NN 38 +financings NNS 33 +for IN 27 +Campeau NNP 41 +units NNS 39 +. . 19 + +In IN 16 +addition NN 1 +, , 16 +a DT 6 +big JJ 6 +loan NN 16 +that IN 6 +First NNP 9 +Boston NNP 10 +made VBD 7 +to TO 10 +Ohio NNP 14 +Mattress NNP 14 +Co NNP 11 +. . 14 +was VBD 0 +n't RB 16 +repaid VBN 16 +on IN 18 +time NN 19 +when WRB 18 +its PRP$ 27 +$ $ 27 +450 CD 23 +million CD 23 +junk NN 27 +financing NN 35 +for IN 27 +a DT 30 +buy-out NN 28 +of IN 30 +the DT 34 +bedding NN 34 +company NN 31 +was VBD 21 +withdrawn VBN 35 +. . 16 + +`` `` 21 +These DT 4 +two CD 4 +exposures NNS 6 +alone RB 4 +represent VBP 21 +a DT 10 +very RB 10 +substantial JJ 10 +portion NN 6 +of IN 10 +CS NNP 15 +First NNP 15 +Boston NNP 15 +'s POS 16 +equity NN 11 +, , 21 +'' '' 21 +Moody NNP 20 +'s POS 21 +said VBD 0 +. . 21 + +`` `` 6 +Total JJ 5 +merchant NN 5 +banking NN 5 +exposures NNS 6 +are VBP 0 +in IN 6 +excess NN 7 +of IN 8 +the DT 12 +firm NN 12 +'s POS 13 +equity NN 9 +. . 6 +'' '' 6 + +CS NNP 3 +First NNP 3 +Boston NNP 7 +, , 7 +however RB 7 +, , 7 +benefits VBZ 0 +from IN 7 +the DT 10 +backing NN 8 +of IN 10 +its PRP$ 14 +largest JJS 14 +shareholder NN 23 +, , 23 +Credit NNP 17 +Suisse NNP 23 +, , 23 +Switzerland NNP 20 +'s POS 23 +third JJ 23 +largest JJS 21 +bank NN 11 +. . 7 + +Shearson NNP 3 +also RB 3 +has VBZ 0 +been VBN 3 +an DT 7 +aggressive JJ 7 +participant NN 4 +in IN 7 +the DT 12 +leveraged JJ 12 +buy-out NN 12 +business NN 8 +. . 3 + +But CC 4 +its PRP$ 3 +earnings NNS 4 +became VBD 0 +a DT 7 +major JJ 7 +disappointment NN 4 +as IN 4 +its PRP$ 17 +traditional JJ 17 +retail NN 17 +, , 15 +or CC 15 +individual JJ 15 +investor NN 17 +, , 15 +business NN 18 +showed VBD 8 +no DT 20 +signs NNS 18 +of IN 20 +rebounding VBG 21 +from IN 22 +the DT 25 +slump NN 23 +that WDT 25 +followed VBD 26 +the DT 33 +October NNP 33 +1987 CD 33 +stock NN 33 +market NN 33 +crash NN 27 +. . 4 + +In IN 12 +addition NN 1 +, , 12 +Shearson NNP 5 +'s POS 7 +listed VBN 7 +$ $ 12 +2 CD 7 +billion CD 7 +of IN 7 +capital NN 10 +is VBZ 0 +overstated VBN 12 +, , 13 +according VBG 13 +to TO 15 +the DT 19 +rating NN 19 +concerns NNS 16 +, , 13 +because IN 13 +it PRP 23 +includes VBZ 21 +$ $ 23 +1.7 CD 24 +billion CD 24 +of IN 24 +goodwill NN 27 +. . 12 + +Shearson NNP 5 +`` `` 5 +really RB 5 +only RB 5 +has VBZ 13 +$ $ 5 +300 CD 6 +million CD 6 +of IN 6 +capital NN 9 +, , 13 +'' '' 13 +says VBZ 0 +Mr. NNP 15 +Bowman NNP 13 +of IN 15 +S&P NNP 16 +. . 13 + +A DT 3 +Shearson NNP 3 +spokesman NN 4 +said VBD 0 +the DT 6 +firm NN 7 +is VBZ 4 +n't RB 7 +worried VBN 7 +. . 4 + +`` `` 19 +A DT 3 +year NN 4 +ago IN 9 +, , 9 +Moody NNP 7 +'s POS 9 +also RB 9 +had VBD 19 +Shearson NNP 9 +under IN 9 +review NN 11 +for IN 12 +possible JJ 15 +downgrade NN 13 +, , 19 +'' '' 19 +he PRP 19 +said VBD 0 +. . 19 + +`` `` 10 +After IN 10 +two CD 4 +months NNS 2 +of IN 4 +talks NNS 5 +, , 10 +our PRP$ 9 +rating NN 10 +was VBD 0 +maintained VBN 10 +. . 10 +'' '' 10 + +Drexel NNP 6 +, , 6 +meanwhile RB 6 +, , 6 +already RB 6 +competes VBZ 0 +at IN 6 +a DT 9 +disadvantage NN 7 +to TO 9 +its PRP$ 15 +big JJ 15 +Wall NNP 15 +Street NNP 15 +rivals NNS 10 +because IN 6 +it PRP 18 +has VBZ 16 +a DT 24 +slightly RB 21 +lower JJR 24 +commercial JJ 24 +paper NN 24 +rating NN 18 +. . 6 + +The DT 2 +collapse NN 9 +of IN 2 +junk NN 6 +bond NN 6 +prices NNS 3 +and CC 9 +the DT 9 +cancellation NN 16 +of IN 9 +many JJ 14 +junk NN 14 +bond NN 14 +financings NNS 10 +apparently RB 16 +have VBP 0 +taken VBN 16 +their PRP$ 19 +toll NN 17 +on IN 17 +closely RB 22 +held VBN 23 +Drexel NNP 27 +, , 27 +the DT 27 +leading VBG 27 +underwriter NN 20 +in IN 27 +that DT 30 +market NN 28 +. . 16 + +The DT 2 +firm NN 4 +also RB 4 +has VBZ 0 +been VBN 4 +hit VBN 5 +with IN 6 +big JJ 10 +financial JJ 10 +settlements NNS 7 +with IN 10 +the DT 13 +government NN 11 +stemming VBG 10 +from IN 14 +its PRP$ 18 +guilty JJ 18 +plea NN 15 +to TO 18 +six CD 21 +felonies NNS 19 +related VBN 21 +to TO 22 +a DT 27 +big JJ 27 +insider-trading JJ 27 +scandal NN 23 +. . 4 + +Drexel NNP 4 +this DT 3 +year NN 4 +eliminated VBD 0 +its PRP$ 10 +retail NN 10 +or CC 10 +individual JJ 10 +customer NN 10 +business NN 4 +, , 4 +cutting VBG 4 +the DT 15 +firm NN 15 +'s POS 16 +workforce NN 12 +almost RB 18 +in IN 12 +half NN 18 +to TO 12 +just RB 23 +over IN 21 +5,000 CD 20 +. . 4 + +Recently RB 4 +, , 4 +Drexel NNP 4 +circulated VBD 0 +a DT 8 +private JJ 8 +financial JJ 8 +statement NN 4 +among IN 4 +several JJ 12 +securities NNS 12 +firms NNS 9 +showing VBG 4 +that IN 13 +its PRP$ 17 +earnings NNS 17 +performance NN 18 +has VBZ 14 +diminished VBN 18 +this DT 21 +year NN 19 +from IN 19 +previous JJ 24 +years NNS 22 +. . 4 + +The DT 3 +firm NN 3 +'s POS 4 +capital NN 8 +, , 8 +moreover RB 8 +, , 8 +has VBZ 24 +n't RB 8 +grown VBN 8 +at IN 10 +the DT 14 +same JJ 14 +rate NN 11 +as IN 14 +in IN 15 +the DT 18 +past NN 16 +, , 24 +officials NNS 24 +at IN 20 +these DT 23 +firms NNS 21 +say VBP 0 +. . 24 + +Drexel NNP 2 +remains VBZ 0 +confident JJ 2 +of IN 3 +its PRP$ 7 +future JJ 7 +creditworthiness NN 4 +. . 2 + +`` `` 17 +We PRP 3 +'re VBP 17 +well RB 3 +positioned VBN 3 +with IN 5 +$ $ 6 +1.7 CD 7 +billion CD 7 +of IN 7 +capital NN 10 +, , 17 +'' '' 17 +a DT 16 +Drexel NNP 16 +spokesman NN 17 +said VBD 0 +. . 17 + +`` `` 29 +And CC 29 +as IN 29 +a DT 10 +leading JJ 10 +investment NN 10 +and CC 10 +merchant NN 10 +banking NN 10 +firm NN 3 +, , 29 +the DT 13 +fact NN 29 +that IN 13 +we PRP 16 +are VBP 14 +no RB 16 +longer JJR 17 +subject JJ 16 +to TO 19 +the DT 24 +uncertainties NNS 24 +and CC 24 +vicissitudes NNS 20 +of IN 24 +the DT 28 +retail JJ 28 +business NN 25 +is VBZ 0 +a DT 32 +major JJ 32 +plus NN 29 +in IN 29 +our PRP$ 35 +view NN 33 +. . 29 + +Moreover RB 4 +, , 4 +we PRP 4 +'ve VBP 0 +probably RB 4 +been VBN 4 +the DT 10 +most RBS 9 +aggressive JJ 10 +firm NN 6 +on IN 10 +the DT 13 +Street NNP 11 +in IN 10 +reducing VBG 14 +costs NNS 15 +, , 16 +which WDT 16 +are VBP 18 +down RB 19 +around IN 20 +40 CD 23 +% NN 21 +over IN 19 +the DT 28 +last JJ 28 +six CD 28 +months NNS 24 +. . 4 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0131.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0131.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87d2957e5d7afcb8d322bb9a73ca3a6c268b0eca --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0131.dp @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +Odyssey NNP 4 +Partners NNPS 4 +Limited NNP 4 +Partnership NNP 8 +, , 8 +an DT 8 +investment NN 8 +firm NN 10 +, , 8 +completed VBD 0 +the DT 12 +purchase NN 10 +of IN 12 +May NNP 18 +Department NNP 18 +Stores NNPS 18 +Co. NNP 18 +'s POS 21 +Caldor NNP 21 +discount NN 21 +chain NN 13 +for IN 10 +$ $ 22 +500 CD 23 +million CD 23 +plus CC 10 +the DT 28 +assumption NN 26 +of IN 28 +$ $ 29 +52 CD 30 +million CD 30 +in IN 30 +debt NN 33 +. . 10 + +Caldor NNP 9 +, , 1 +based VBN 1 +in IN 3 +Norwalk NNP 7 +, , 7 +Conn. NNP 4 +, , 7 +operates VBZ 17 +118 CD 11 +stores NNS 9 +in IN 9 +the DT 14 +Northeast NN 12 +; : 17 +it PRP 17 +reported VBD 0 +revenue NN 17 +of IN 18 +$ $ 19 +1.6 CD 20 +billion CD 20 +last JJ 24 +year NN 17 +. . 17 + +May NNP 2 +Stores NNPS 5 +, , 5 +St. NNP 5 +Louis NNP 7 +, , 5 +runs VBZ 0 +such JJ 11 +well-known JJ 11 +department NN 11 +stores NNS 7 +as IN 11 +Lord NNP 15 +& CC 15 +Taylor NNP 12 +. . 7 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0132.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0132.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..df112236d149c877d802a3c7b388b9a0cd51f3f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0132.dp @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ +N.V NN 3 +. . 3 +DSM NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +net JJ 6 +income NN 11 +in IN 6 +the DT 10 +third JJ 10 +quarter NN 7 +jumped VBD 4 +63 CD 13 +% NN 11 +as IN 11 +the DT 16 +company NN 17 +had VBD 14 +substantially RB 19 +lower JJR 21 +extraordinary JJ 21 +charges NNS 17 +to TO 23 +account VB 17 +for IN 23 +a DT 27 +restructuring NN 27 +program NN 24 +. . 4 + +The DT 4 +Dutch JJ 4 +chemical NN 4 +group NN 5 +said VBD 0 +net JJ 7 +income NN 8 +gained VBD 5 +to TO 8 +235 CD 11 +million CD 12 +guilders NNS 23 +-LRB- -LRB- 14 +$ $ 12 +113.2 CD 14 +million CD 14 +-RRB- -RRB- 14 +, , 23 +or CC 23 +6.70 CD 21 +guilders NNS 23 +a DT 23 +share NN 9 +, , 23 +from IN 8 +144 CD 27 +million CD 28 +guilders NNS 34 +, , 34 +or CC 34 +4.10 CD 32 +guilders NNS 34 +a DT 34 +share NN 25 +, , 34 +a DT 37 +year NN 38 +ago IN 34 +. . 5 + +The DT 5 +32 CD 3 +% NN 4 +state-owned JJ 5 +DSM NNP 6 +had VBD 0 +eight CD 8 +million CD 9 +guilders NNS 6 +of IN 9 +extraordinary JJ 12 +charges NNS 10 +in IN 6 +the DT 16 +latest JJS 16 +quarter NN 13 +, , 6 +mainly RB 20 +to TO 20 +reflect VB 6 +one-time JJ 22 +losses NNS 20 +in IN 22 +connection NN 23 +with IN 24 +the DT 27 +disposal NN 25 +of IN 27 +some DT 30 +operations NNS 28 +. . 6 + +The DT 2 +charges NNS 3 +were VBD 0 +offset VBN 3 +in IN 4 +part NN 5 +by IN 4 +a DT 9 +gain NN 7 +from IN 9 +the DT 12 +sale NN 10 +of IN 12 +the DT 16 +company NN 16 +'s POS 18 +construction NN 18 +division NN 13 +. . 3 + +Last JJ 2 +year NN 5 +, , 5 +DSM NNP 5 +had VBD 0 +71 CD 7 +million CD 8 +guilders NNS 5 +of IN 8 +extraordinary JJ 11 +charges NNS 9 +for IN 8 +the DT 15 +restructuring NN 15 +program NN 18 +and CC 18 +other JJ 18 +transactions NNS 12 +. . 5 + +The DT 3 +earnings NNS 3 +growth NN 5 +also RB 5 +was VBD 0 +fueled VBN 5 +by IN 6 +the DT 10 +company NN 10 +'s POS 11 +ability NN 7 +to TO 13 +cut VB 11 +net JJ 16 +financing NN 16 +spending NN 13 +by IN 13 +half NN 17 +to TO 13 +around IN 23 +15 CD 20 +million CD 20 +guilders NNS 19 +. . 5 + +Also RB 9 +, , 9 +substantially RB 4 +lower JJR 8 +Dutch JJ 8 +corporate JJ 8 +tax NN 8 +rates NNS 9 +helped VBD 24 +the DT 11 +company NN 12 +keep VB 9 +its PRP$ 15 +tax NN 15 +outlay NN 16 +flat JJ 12 +relative JJ 16 +to TO 17 +earnings NNS 20 +growth NN 18 +, , 24 +the DT 23 +company NN 24 +added VBD 0 +. . 24 + +Sales NNS 5 +, , 5 +however RB 5 +, , 5 +were VBD 0 +little RB 5 +changed VBN 5 +at IN 7 +2.46 CD 10 +billion CD 11 +guilders NNS 8 +, , 7 +compared VBN 7 +with IN 13 +2.42 CD 16 +billion CD 17 +guilders NNS 14 +. . 5 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0138.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0138.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f64b591d8d2982fc74559b56ee7c2e30fe94485f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0138.dp @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ +The DT 3 +following VBG 3 +issues NNS 4 +were VBD 0 +recently RB 4 +filed VBN 4 +with IN 6 +the DT 12 +Securities NNPS 12 +and CC 12 +Exchange NNP 12 +Commission NNP 7 +: : 4 + +Intermec NNP 2 +Corp. NNP 4 +, , 4 +offering VBG 0 +of IN 4 +1,050,000 CD 8 +common JJ 8 +shares NNS 5 +, , 4 +via IN 4 +Goldman NNP 15 +, , 15 +Sachs NNP 15 +& CC 15 +Co. NNP 22 +and CC 22 +Piper NNP 22 +, , 22 +Jaffray NNP 22 +& CC 22 +Hopwood NNP 22 +Inc NNP 10 +. . 4 + +Middlesex NNP 3 +Water NNP 3 +Co. NNP 5 +, , 5 +offering VBG 0 +of IN 5 +150,000 CD 8 +shares NNS 6 +of IN 8 +common JJ 11 +stock NN 9 +, , 5 +via IN 5 +Legg NNP 18 +Mason NNP 18 +Wood NNP 18 +Walker NNP 18 +Inc. NNP 27 +and CC 27 +Howard NNP 27 +, , 27 +Weil NNP 27 +, , 27 +Labouisse NNP 27 +, , 27 +Friedrichs NNP 27 +Inc NNP 13 +. . 5 + +Midwesco NNP 4 +Filter NNP 4 +Resources NNPS 4 +Inc. NNP 7 +, , 7 +initial JJ 7 +offering NN 0 +of IN 7 +830,000 CD 11 +common JJ 11 +shares NNS 8 +, , 7 +to TO 14 +be VB 7 +offered VBN 14 +by IN 15 +the DT 18 +company NN 16 +, , 7 +via IN 7 +Chicago NNP 22 +Corp NNP 20 +. . 7 + +Nylev NNP 4 +Municipal NNP 4 +Fund NNP 4 +Inc. NNP 6 +, , 6 +offering NN 0 +of IN 6 +five CD 9 +million CD 11 +common JJ 11 +shares NNS 7 +. . 6 + +Occidental NNP 3 +Petroleum NNP 3 +Corp. NNP 6 +, , 6 +shelf NN 6 +offering NN 0 +of IN 6 +$ $ 7 +1.5 CD 8 +billion CD 8 +in IN 8 +senior JJ 14 +debt NN 14 +securities NNS 11 +. . 6 + +Prime NNP 4 +Motor NNP 4 +Inns NNPS 4 +Inc. NNP 6 +, , 6 +offering NN 0 +of IN 6 +up IN 10 +to TO 10 +$ $ 16 +300 CD 10 +million CD 10 +zero CD 16 +coupon NN 16 +convertible JJ 16 +debentures NNS 7 +, , 6 +via IN 6 +Drexel NNP 22 +Burnham NNP 22 +Lambert NNP 22 +Inc. NNP 25 +and CC 25 +Montgomery NNP 25 +Securities NNPS 18 +. . 6 + +Service NNP 3 +Fracturing NNP 3 +Co. NNP 6 +, , 6 +proposed VBD 6 +offering NN 0 +of IN 6 +1.2 CD 9 +million CD 10 +shares NNS 7 +of IN 10 +common JJ 13 +stock NN 11 +, , 6 +via IN 6 +Lovett NNP 22 +Mitchell NNP 22 +Webb NNP 22 +& CC 22 +Garrison NNP 22 +, , 22 +Inc. NNP 29 +, , 29 +and CC 29 +Blunt NNP 29 +Ellis NNP 29 +& CC 29 +Loewi NNP 29 +Inc NNP 15 +. . 6 + +Western NNP 4 +Gas NNP 4 +Resources NNPS 4 +Inc. NNP 7 +, , 7 +initial JJ 7 +offering NN 0 +of IN 7 +3,250,000 CD 10 +shares NNS 8 +of IN 10 +common JJ 13 +stock NN 11 +, , 10 +of IN 10 +which WDT 15 +3,040,000 CD 18 +shares NNS 19 +will MD 27 +be VB 19 +sold VBN 20 +by IN 21 +the DT 24 +company NN 22 +and CC 27 +210,000 CD 27 +shares NNS 15 +by IN 27 +a DT 30 +holder NN 28 +, , 7 +via IN 7 +Prudential-Bache NNP 35 +Capital NNP 35 +Funding NNP 49 +, , 49 +Smith NNP 43 +Barney NNP 43 +, , 43 +Harris NNP 43 +Upham NNP 43 +& CC 43 +Co. NNP 49 +, , 49 +and CC 49 +Hanifen NNP 49 +, , 49 +Imhoff NNP 49 +Inc NNP 32 +. . 7 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0147.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0147.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6dc2dfa84a43cc1662095ad64ea6da59cca3aea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0147.dp @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +American NNP 5 +City NNP 5 +Business NNP 5 +Journals NNPS 5 +Inc. NNP 6 +said VBD 0 +its PRP$ 8 +president NN 12 +, , 12 +Michael NNP 12 +K. NNP 12 +Russell NNP 14 +, , 12 +will MD 6 +resign VB 14 +rather RB 15 +than IN 16 +relocate NN 15 +to TO 18 +new JJ 21 +headquarters NNS 19 +in IN 21 +Charlotte NNP 25 +, , 25 +N.C NNP 22 +. . 6 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Russell NNP 17 +, , 2 +who WP 2 +co-founded VBD 4 +the DT 14 +Kansas NNP 10 +City NNP 10 +, , 10 +Mo.-based JJ 14 +local JJ 14 +business NN 14 +publications NNS 14 +concern NN 5 +here RB 14 +, , 2 +said VBD 0 +he PRP 19 +would MD 17 +have VB 19 +a DT 24 +five-year JJ 24 +consulting NN 24 +agreement NN 20 +with IN 20 +the DT 27 +company NN 25 +, , 27 +which WDT 27 +recently RB 31 +underwent VBD 29 +an DT 34 +ownership NN 34 +change NN 31 +. . 17 + +Earlier RBR 3 +this DT 3 +year NN 10 +Shaw NNP 6 +Publishing NNP 6 +Inc. NNP 8 +, , 8 +Charlotte NNP 10 +, , 8 +acquired VBD 0 +30 CD 12 +% NN 10 +of IN 12 +American NNP 15 +City NNP 13 +and CC 10 +has VBZ 10 +an DT 19 +agreement NN 17 +to TO 21 +acquire VB 19 +a DT 25 +further JJ 25 +25 CD 25 +% NN 21 +from IN 21 +E.W. NNP 29 +Scripps NNP 29 +Co. NNP 26 +next JJ 31 +year NN 21 +. . 10 + +Ray NNP 2 +Shaw NNP 4 +, , 4 +chairman NN 9 +of IN 4 +American NNP 7 +City NNP 5 +, , 4 +said VBD 0 +he PRP 11 +would MD 9 +assume VB 11 +Mr. NNP 15 +Russell NNP 15 +'s POS 16 +responsibilities NNS 12 +if IN 12 +a DT 19 +successor NN 20 +is VBZ 17 +n't RB 20 +found VBN 20 +this DT 24 +month NN 22 +. . 9 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0156.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0156.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da07bee3fcbe69ad9182d419fb3589289bc08310 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0156.dp @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +The DT 2 +parent NN 20 +of IN 2 +Younkers NNP 3 +, , 20 +after IN 20 +failing VBG 6 +to TO 9 +find VB 7 +a DT 11 +buyer NN 9 +for IN 11 +the DT 14 +chain NN 12 +of IN 14 +Midwestern JJ 18 +department NN 18 +stores NNS 15 +, , 20 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 22 +will MD 20 +sell VB 22 +a DT 25 +stake NN 23 +in IN 25 +the DT 28 +chain NN 26 +to TO 23 +management NN 29 +and CC 23 +take VB 23 +other JJ 34 +steps NNS 32 +to TO 36 +reduce VB 32 +its PRP$ 38 +investment NN 36 +in IN 38 +retailing NN 39 +. . 20 + +Equitable NNP 7 +of IN 7 +Iowa NNP 4 +Cos. NNP 2 +, , 7 +Des NNP 7 +Moines NNP 9 +, , 7 +had VBD 0 +been VBN 9 +seeking VBG 10 +a DT 13 +buyer NN 11 +for IN 13 +the DT 18 +36-store JJ 18 +Younkers NNP 18 +chain NN 14 +since IN 11 +June NNP 19 +, , 20 +when WRB 20 +it PRP 24 +announced VBD 22 +its PRP$ 26 +intention NN 24 +to TO 28 +free VB 26 +up RP 28 +capital NN 28 +to TO 32 +expand VB 28 +its PRP$ 35 +insurance NN 35 +business NN 32 +. . 9 + +But CC 3 +Equitable NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +was VBD 3 +unable JJ 5 +to TO 8 +find VB 6 +a DT 10 +buyer NN 8 +willing JJ 10 +to TO 13 +pay VB 11 +what WP 13 +it PRP 16 +considers VBZ 14 +`` `` 19 +fair JJ 19 +value NN 16 +'' '' 19 +for IN 13 +Younkers NNP 21 +because IN 13 +of IN 23 +recent JJ 26 +turmoil NN 23 +in IN 26 +the DT 32 +bond NN 32 +and CC 32 +stock NN 32 +markets NNS 27 +and CC 27 +in IN 27 +retailing NN 34 +. . 3 + +Younkers NNS 2 +rang VBD 0 +up RP 2 +sales NNS 2 +in IN 2 +1988 CD 5 +of IN 2 +$ $ 7 +313 CD 8 +million CD 8 +. . 2 + +It PRP 2 +operates VBZ 0 +stores NNS 2 +mostly RB 5 +in IN 2 +Iowa NNP 8 +and CC 8 +Nebraska NNP 5 +. . 2 + +Younkers NNP 2 +management NN 3 +is VBZ 20 +likely JJ 3 +to TO 6 +buy VB 4 +a DT 13 +10 CD 12 +% NN 12 +to TO 12 +20 CD 12 +% NN 13 +interest NN 6 +in IN 13 +the DT 16 +chain NN 14 +in IN 6 +January NNP 17 +, , 20 +said VBD 0 +Fred NNP 23 +S. NNP 23 +Hubbell NNP 31 +, , 31 +Equitable NNP 26 +'s POS 31 +president NN 31 +and CC 31 +chief NN 31 +executive NN 31 +officer NN 20 +. . 20 + +He PRP 2 +said VBD 0 +Equitable NNP 4 +hopes VBZ 2 +to TO 7 +eventually RB 7 +reduce VB 4 +its PRP$ 9 +stake NN 7 +in IN 9 +Younkers NNP 10 +to TO 7 +less JJR 14 +than IN 16 +50 CD 14 +% NN 12 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0164.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0164.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67991bc0f277a26410c20f33d3056b7df9f0c1b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0164.dp @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +Nissan NNP 3 +Motor NNP 3 +Co. NNP 9 +, , 9 +Japan NNP 6 +'s POS 9 +second-largest JJ 9 +car NN 9 +maker NN 11 +, , 9 +announced VBD 0 +Wednesday NNP 11 +that IN 11 +the DT 17 +parent NN 17 +concern NN 17 +'s POS 19 +pretax NN 19 +earnings NNS 28 +in IN 19 +the DT 22 +first JJ 20 +half DT 22 +ended VBD 22 +last JJ 26 +Sept. NNP 24 +30 CD 26 +rose VBD 13 +14 CD 30 +% NN 28 +to TO 28 +88.32 CD 33 +billion CD 34 +yen NN 31 +-LRB- -LRB- 36 +$ $ 34 +618.1 CD 36 +million CD 36 +-RRB- -RRB- 36 +from IN 28 +77.6 CD 42 +billion CD 43 +yen NN 40 +a DT 45 +year NN 46 +earlier JJR 43 +. . 11 + +Nissan NNP 2 +cited VBD 0 +strong JJ 5 +domestic JJ 5 +sales NNS 2 +against IN 5 +the DT 8 +backdrop NN 6 +of IN 8 +continuous JJ 12 +economic JJ 12 +expansion NN 9 +. . 2 + +Profit NN 2 +surged VBD 0 +42 CD 4 +% NN 2 +to TO 2 +40.21 CD 7 +billion CD 8 +yen NN 14 +, , 14 +or CC 14 +16.09 CD 12 +yen NN 14 +a DT 14 +share NN 5 +, , 14 +from IN 2 +28.36 CD 18 +billion CD 19 +yen NN 25 +, , 25 +or CC 25 +11.72 CD 23 +yen NN 25 +a DT 25 +share NN 16 +. . 2 + +Sales NNS 2 +totaled VBD 0 +1.916 CD 4 +trillion CD 5 +yen NN 2 +, , 2 +climbing VBG 2 +17 CD 9 +% NN 7 +from IN 7 +1.637 CD 12 +trillion CD 13 +yen NN 10 +in IN 13 +the DT 17 +year-earlier JJ 17 +period NN 14 +. . 2 + +Nissan NNP 2 +scheduled VBD 0 +a DT 7 +seven-yen JJ 7 +interim JJ 7 +dividend NN 7 +payment NN 2 +, , 7 +unchanged JJ 7 +. . 2 + +Atsushi NNP 2 +Muramatsu NNP 10 +, , 10 +executive JJ 6 +vice NN 6 +president NN 10 +and CC 10 +chief NN 10 +financial JJ 10 +officer NN 14 +of IN 10 +Nissan NNP 11 +, , 10 +said VBD 0 +, , 14 +`` `` 14 +The DT 18 +company NN 19 +has VBZ 14 +experienced VBN 19 +a DT 23 +remarkable JJ 23 +turnaround NN 20 +in IN 23 +terms NNS 24 +of IN 25 +profitability NN 26 +since IN 20 +the DT 31 +fiscal JJ 31 +year NN 28 +ending VBG 31 +March NNP 32 +1987 CD 33 +, , 31 +when WRB 31 +the DT 41 +sharp JJ 40 +and CC 40 +rapid JJ 41 +appreciation NN 45 +of IN 41 +the DT 44 +yen NN 42 +caused VBD 36 +many JJ 47 +difficulties NNS 45 +. . 14 + +`` `` 19 +It PRP 3 +can MD 19 +be VB 3 +said VBN 4 +that IN 5 +the DT 8 +trend NN 12 +of IN 8 +financial JJ 11 +improvement NN 9 +has VBZ 6 +been VBN 12 +firmly RB 13 +set VBN 13 +, , 19 +'' '' 19 +he PRP 19 +added VBD 0 +. . 19 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0167.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0167.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65eedf9e3a3f74452a5314325f87d301cb34cd44 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0167.dp @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +RMS NNP 3 +International NNP 3 +Inc. NNP 8 +, , 8 +Hasbrouk NNP 6 +Heights NNP 8 +, , 8 +N.J. NNP 15 +, , 15 +facing VBG 15 +a DT 13 +cash-flow JJ 13 +squeeze NN 10 +, , 15 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 17 +is VBZ 15 +seeking VBG 17 +other JJ 21 +financing VBG 21 +sources NNS 23 +and CC 23 +waivers NNS 18 +from IN 23 +debenture NN 26 +holders NNS 24 +. . 15 + +The DT 2 +company NN 3 +said VBD 0 +that IN 3 +because IN 10 +of IN 5 +softening VBG 8 +sales NNS 5 +it PRP 10 +is VBZ 4 +n't RB 10 +in IN 10 +compliance NN 12 +with IN 13 +requirements NNS 14 +that IN 15 +it PRP 18 +maintain VB 16 +$ $ 18 +3 CD 19 +million CD 19 +in IN 19 +working VBG 24 +capital NN 22 +. . 3 + +RMS NNP 2 +distributes VBZ 0 +electronic JJ 4 +devices NNS 2 +and CC 2 +produces VBZ 2 +power NN 8 +supplies NNS 12 +and CC 12 +plastic JJ 12 +literature NN 12 +displays NNS 6 +. . 2 + +RMS NNP 2 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 4 +had VBD 2 +a DT 6 +loss NN 4 +of IN 6 +$ $ 9 +158,666 CD 15 +, , 15 +or CC 15 +10 CD 13 +cents NNS 15 +a DT 15 +share NN 7 +, , 15 +in IN 4 +the DT 20 +third JJ 20 +quarter NN 17 +, , 4 +compared VBN 4 +with IN 22 +a DT 26 +year-earlier JJ 26 +loss NN 23 +of IN 26 +$ $ 29 +26,956 CD 35 +, , 35 +or CC 35 +two CD 33 +cents NNS 35 +a DT 35 +share NN 27 +. . 2 + +Sales NNS 2 +rose VBD 0 +to TO 2 +$ $ 3 +3 CD 4 +million CD 4 +from IN 2 +$ $ 7 +2.9 CD 8 +million CD 8 +. . 2 + +For IN 8 +the DT 4 +nine CD 4 +months NNS 1 +, , 8 +the DT 7 +company NN 8 +reported VBD 0 +a DT 11 +net JJ 11 +loss NN 8 +of IN 11 +$ $ 14 +608,413 CD 20 +, , 20 +or CC 20 +39 CD 18 +cents NNS 20 +a DT 20 +share NN 12 +, , 20 +compared VBN 8 +with IN 22 +year-earlier JJ 26 +net JJ 26 +income NN 23 +of IN 26 +$ $ 29 +967,809 CD 35 +, , 35 +or CC 35 +62 CD 33 +cents NNS 35 +a DT 35 +share NN 27 +. . 8 + +Sales NNS 2 +rose VBD 0 +to TO 2 +$ $ 3 +9.8 CD 4 +million CD 4 +from IN 2 +$ $ 7 +8.9 CD 8 +million CD 8 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0168.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0168.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2568d3b752da7fbc13f2f44f088f1611db1ccf36 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0168.dp @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +Meridian NNP 3 +National NNP 3 +Corp. NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 6 +sold VBD 4 +750,000 CD 8 +shares NNS 6 +of IN 8 +its PRP$ 12 +common JJ 12 +stock NN 9 +to TO 6 +the DT 17 +McAlpine NNP 17 +family NN 17 +interests NNS 13 +, , 6 +for IN 6 +$ $ 28 +1 CD 20 +million CD 20 +, , 28 +or CC 28 +$ $ 26 +1.35 CD 28 +a DT 28 +share NN 19 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +sale NN 3 +represents VBZ 0 +10.2 CD 5 +% NN 3 +of IN 5 +Meridian NNP 8 +'s POS 9 +shares NNS 6 +outstanding JJ 9 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +McAlpine NNP 3 +family NN 22 +, , 3 +which WDT 3 +operates VBZ 5 +a DT 8 +number NN 6 +of IN 8 +multinational JJ 11 +companies NNS 9 +, , 8 +including VBG 8 +a DT 19 +London-based JJ 19 +engineering NN 19 +and CC 19 +construction NN 19 +company NN 13 +, , 3 +also RB 22 +lent VBD 0 +to TO 22 +Meridian NNP 25 +National NNP 23 +$ $ 27 +500,000 CD 22 +. . 22 + +That DT 2 +amount NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +convertible JJ 3 +into IN 4 +shares NNS 5 +of IN 6 +Meridian NNP 10 +common JJ 10 +stock NN 7 +at IN 4 +$ $ 13 +2 CD 15 +a DT 15 +share NN 11 +during IN 3 +its PRP$ 19 +one-year JJ 19 +term NN 16 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +loan NN 3 +may MD 0 +be VB 3 +extended VBN 4 +by IN 5 +the DT 9 +McAlpine NNP 9 +group NN 6 +for IN 5 +an DT 13 +additional JJ 13 +year NN 10 +with IN 5 +an DT 16 +increase NN 14 +in IN 16 +the DT 20 +conversion NN 20 +price NN 17 +to TO 16 +$ $ 23 +2.50 CD 25 +a DT 25 +share NN 21 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +sale NN 34 +of IN 2 +shares NNS 3 +to TO 2 +the DT 8 +McAlpine NNP 8 +family NN 5 +along IN 2 +with IN 9 +the DT 13 +recent JJ 13 +sale NN 33 +of IN 13 +750,000 CD 16 +shares NNS 14 +of IN 16 +Meridian NNP 19 +stock NN 17 +to TO 13 +Haden NNP 24 +MacLellan NNP 24 +Holding NNP 24 +PLC NNP 20 +of IN 24 +Surrey NNP 28 +, , 28 +England NNP 25 +and CC 33 +a DT 33 +recent JJ 33 +public JJ 33 +offering NN 10 +have VBP 45 +increased VBN 34 +Meridian NNP 37 +'s POS 39 +net JJ 39 +worth NN 35 +to TO 35 +$ $ 40 +8.5 CD 41 +million CD 41 +, , 45 +said VBD 0 +William NNP 47 +Feniger NNP 51 +, , 51 +chief NN 51 +executive NN 51 +officer NN 45 +of IN 51 +Toledo NNP 55 +, , 55 +Ohio-based JJ 56 +Meridian NNP 52 +. . 45 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0187.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0187.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e08f8762b99417b823f0732d3185229518b246cc --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0187.dp @@ -0,0 +1,301 @@ +The DT 3 +Finnish JJ 3 +government NN 6 +and CC 6 +major JJ 6 +creditors NNS 14 +of IN 6 +bankrupt JJ 13 +shipyard NN 13 +Waertsilae NNP 13 +Marine NNP 13 +Industries NNPS 13 +Oy NNP 7 +agreed VBD 0 +in IN 14 +principle NN 15 +to TO 18 +form VB 14 +a DT 21 +new JJ 21 +company NN 18 +to TO 23 +complete VB 18 +most JJS 23 +of IN 24 +the DT 29 +troubled JJ 29 +shipyard NN 29 +'s POS 30 +backlog NN 25 +of IN 30 +15 CD 33 +ships NNS 31 +. . 14 + +The DT 3 +new JJ 3 +company NN 4 +will MD 14 +attempt VB 4 +to TO 7 +limit VB 5 +the DT 10 +shipyard NN 10 +'s POS 11 +losses NNS 7 +, , 14 +participants NNS 14 +said VBD 0 +. . 14 + +`` `` 4 +The DT 3 +situation NN 4 +is VBZ 0 +that IN 4 +the DT 8 +bankruptcy NN 8 +court NN 9 +will MD 5 +get VB 9 +out IN 10 +of IN 11 +the DT 15 +shipbuilding NN 15 +business NN 12 +. . 4 + +Everything NN 2 +will MD 12 +be VB 2 +taken VBN 3 +over RP 4 +by IN 4 +the DT 9 +new JJ 9 +company NN 6 +, , 12 +'' '' 12 +said VBD 0 +Christian NNP 14 +Andersson NNP 18 +, , 18 +executive JJ 18 +vice NN 18 +president NN 12 +of IN 18 +Oy NNP 21 +Waertsilae NNP 24 +, , 24 +former JJ 24 +parent NN 19 +of IN 24 +Waertsilae NNP 27 +Marine NNP 25 +. . 12 + +Once RB 4 +its PRP$ 3 +ownership NN 4 +is VBZ 10 +finalized VBN 4 +, , 10 +the DT 9 +new JJ 9 +company NN 10 +will MD 0 +open VB 10 +talks NNS 11 +with IN 11 +state-appointed JJ 15 +receivers NNS 13 +to TO 17 +buy VB 11 +or CC 17 +lease VB 17 +Waertsilae NNP 22 +Marine NNP 22 +'s POS 24 +shipyard NN 24 +facilities NNS 17 +. . 10 + +Subcontractors NNS 2 +will MD 14 +be VB 2 +offered VBN 3 +a DT 6 +settlement NN 4 +and CC 14 +a DT 10 +swift NN 10 +transition NN 14 +to TO 10 +new JJ 13 +management NN 11 +is VBZ 33 +expected VBN 14 +to TO 17 +avert VB 15 +an DT 19 +exodus NN 17 +of IN 19 +skilled JJ 22 +workers NNS 20 +from IN 19 +Waertsilae NNP 26 +Marine NNP 26 +'s POS 29 +two CD 29 +big JJ 29 +shipyards NNS 23 +, , 33 +government NN 32 +officials NNS 33 +said VBD 0 +. . 33 + +Under IN 14 +an DT 3 +accord NN 1 +signed VBN 3 +yesterday NN 4 +, , 14 +the DT 8 +government NN 11 +and CC 11 +Union NNP 11 +Bank NNP 14 +of IN 11 +Finland NNP 12 +would MD 0 +become VB 14 +major JJ 17 +shareholders NNS 15 +in IN 17 +the DT 21 +new JJ 21 +company NN 18 +, , 15 +each DT 24 +injecting VBG 15 +100 CD 26 +million CD 28 +Finnish JJ 28 +markkaa NN 24 +-LRB- -LRB- 30 +$ $ 28 +23.5 CD 30 +million CD 30 +-RRB- -RRB- 30 +. . 14 + +Oy NNP 2 +Waertsilae NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +to TO 5 +contribute VB 3 +200 CD 7 +million CD 8 +markkaa NN 10 +, , 10 +most JJS 5 +of IN 10 +it PRP 11 +as IN 10 +subordinated VBN 15 +debt NN 13 +, , 10 +and CC 5 +take VB 5 +a DT 21 +minority NN 21 +stake NN 18 +in IN 21 +the DT 25 +new JJ 25 +company NN 22 +. . 3 + +Customers NNS 10 +holding VBG 1 +contracts NNS 2 +for IN 3 +Waertsilae NNP 7 +Marine NNP 7 +'s POS 9 +undelivered JJ 9 +ships NNS 4 +are VBP 27 +expected VBN 10 +to TO 13 +subscribe VB 11 +most JJS 13 +of IN 14 +the DT 20 +remaining VBG 20 +170 CD 19 +million CD 20 +markkaa NN 15 +in IN 13 +share NN 23 +capital NN 21 +, , 27 +government NN 26 +officials NNS 27 +said VBD 0 +. . 27 + +Waertsilae NNP 3 +Marine NNP 3 +'s POS 5 +biggest JJS 5 +creditor NN 6 +is VBZ 0 +Miami-based JJ 11 +Carnival NNP 11 +Cruise NNP 11 +Lines NNPS 11 +Inc NNP 6 +. . 6 + +Carnival NNP 13 +, , 1 +which WDT 1 +has VBZ 3 +three CD 6 +ships NNS 4 +on IN 4 +order NN 7 +from IN 8 +Waertsilae NNP 11 +Marine NNP 9 +, , 1 +presented VBD 0 +claims NNS 13 +for IN 14 +$ $ 19 +1.5 CD 16 +billion CD 16 +damages NNS 15 +in IN 13 +the DT 23 +bankruptcy NN 23 +court NN 20 +this DT 25 +week NN 13 +. . 13 + +Waertsilae NNP 3 +Marine NNP 3 +'s POS 5 +bankruptcy NN 5 +proceedings NNS 6 +began VBD 0 +Tuesday NNP 6 +in IN 6 +a DT 11 +Helsinki NNP 11 +court NN 8 +. . 6 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0198.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0198.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e79449ad7cf31874277eb5a5da3e431c0f94dc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0198.dp @@ -0,0 +1,344 @@ +Two CD 4 +leading VBG 4 +constitutional-law NN 4 +experts NNS 5 +said VBD 0 +President NNP 7 +Bush NNP 8 +does VBZ 5 +n't RB 8 +have VB 8 +the DT 13 +legal JJ 13 +authority NN 10 +to TO 15 +exercise VB 13 +a DT 18 +line-item JJ 18 +veto NN 15 +. . 5 + +Professors NNP 16 +Philip NNP 3 +Kurland NNP 11 +of IN 3 +the DT 6 +University NNP 4 +of IN 6 +Chicago NNP 7 +and CC 11 +Laurence NNP 11 +Tribe NNP 1 +of IN 11 +Harvard NNP 15 +Law NNP 15 +School NNP 12 +said VBD 0 +any DT 18 +effort NN 29 +by IN 18 +President NNP 21 +Bush NNP 19 +to TO 23 +claim VB 18 +authority NN 23 +for IN 24 +a DT 28 +line-item JJ 28 +veto NN 25 +would MD 16 +contradict VB 29 +the DT 32 +text NN 47 +of IN 32 +the DT 35 +Constitution NNP 33 +and CC 47 +the DT 38 +intent NN 47 +of IN 38 +its PRP$ 41 +authors NNS 39 +, , 47 +as RB 47 +well RB 43 +as IN 43 +the DT 47 +views NNS 30 +of IN 47 +previous JJ 50 +presidents NNS 48 +. . 16 + +A DT 3 +line-item JJ 3 +veto NN 4 +is VBZ 0 +a DT 6 +procedure NN 4 +that WDT 6 +would MD 7 +allow VB 8 +a DT 11 +president NN 13 +to TO 13 +veto VB 9 +part NN 13 +of IN 14 +a DT 20 +big JJ 20 +congressional JJ 20 +spending NN 20 +bill NN 15 +without IN 13 +having VBG 21 +to TO 24 +scuttle VB 22 +the DT 27 +entire JJ 27 +measure NN 24 +. . 4 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Bush NNP 3 +has VBZ 0 +said VBN 3 +he PRP 6 +would MD 4 +like VB 6 +to TO 9 +be VB 7 +able JJ 9 +to TO 12 +use VB 10 +this DT 14 +procedure NN 12 +. . 3 + +A DT 4 +White NNP 4 +House NNP 4 +spokesman NN 5 +said VBD 0 +last JJ 7 +week NN 5 +that IN 5 +the DT 10 +president NN 11 +is VBZ 8 +considering VBG 11 +declaring VBG 12 +that IN 13 +the DT 16 +Constitution NNP 18 +implicitly RB 18 +gives VBZ 14 +him PRP 18 +the DT 21 +authority NN 18 +for IN 21 +a DT 25 +line-item JJ 25 +veto NN 22 +to TO 27 +provoke VB 13 +a DT 30 +test NN 30 +case NN 27 +. . 5 + +But CC 21 +the DT 5 +two CD 5 +legal JJ 5 +experts NNS 21 +, , 5 +responding VBG 5 +to TO 7 +an DT 10 +inquiry NN 8 +by IN 10 +Sen. NNP 14 +Edward NNP 14 +Kennedy NNP 11 +-LRB- -LRB- 18 +D. NNP 18 +, , 18 +Mass. NNP 14 +-RRB- -RRB- 18 +, , 18 +wrote VBD 0 +in IN 21 +a DT 25 +joint JJ 25 +letter NN 22 +that IN 21 +the DT 28 +president NN 30 +`` `` 30 +lacks VBZ 26 +the DT 33 +constitutional JJ 33 +authority NN 30 +to TO 35 +exercise VB 33 +a DT 38 +line-item JJ 38 +veto NN 35 +. . 21 +'' '' 21 + +The DT 3 +two CD 3 +professors NNS 4 +represent VBP 20 +different JJ 6 +ends NNS 4 +of IN 6 +the DT 10 +political JJ 10 +spectrum NN 7 +-- : 20 +Mr. NNP 13 +Kurland NNP 14 +is VBZ 20 +a DT 16 +conservative JJ 14 +and CC 20 +Mr. NNP 19 +Tribe NNP 20 +is VBZ 0 +a DT 22 +liberal NN 20 +. . 20 + +The DT 3 +two CD 3 +professors NNS 4 +said VBD 0 +the DT 6 +Constitution NNP 7 +authorizes VBZ 4 +the DT 9 +president NN 11 +to TO 11 +veto VB 7 +entire JJ 13 +bills NNS 15 +, , 15 +not RB 11 +partial JJ 17 +measures NNS 15 +. . 4 + +Moreover RB 4 +, , 4 +they PRP 4 +said VBD 0 +the DT 8 +first JJ 8 +appropriations NNS 8 +bill NN 13 +passed VBN 8 +200 CD 11 +years NNS 12 +ago IN 9 +covered VBD 20 +many JJ 16 +different JJ 16 +items NNS 13 +, , 20 +and CC 20 +there EX 20 +was VBD 4 +no DT 22 +discussion NN 20 +of IN 22 +a DT 26 +line-item JJ 26 +veto NN 23 +. . 4 + +They PRP 3 +also RB 3 +said VBD 24 +that IN 3 +more JJR 6 +than IN 9 +a DT 6 +dozen NN 6 +presidents NNS 10 +have VBP 4 +called VBN 10 +for IN 11 +line-item JJ 15 +veto NN 15 +authority NN 12 +since IN 11 +the DT 19 +Civil NNP 19 +War NNP 16 +, , 24 +and CC 24 +`` `` 24 +all DT 24 +have VBP 0 +shared VBN 24 +the DT 27 +view NN 25 +that IN 27 +such JJ 31 +lawmaking JJ 31 +power NN 32 +is VBZ 28 +beyond IN 32 +the DT 35 +reach NN 33 +'' '' 35 +of IN 35 +the DT 39 +president NN 37 +. . 24 + +Sen. NNP 2 +Kennedy NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +in IN 3 +a DT 7 +separate JJ 7 +statement NN 4 +that IN 21 +he PRP 10 +supports VBZ 8 +legislation NN 10 +to TO 13 +give VB 11 +the DT 15 +president NN 13 +line-item JJ 18 +veto NN 18 +power NN 13 +, , 21 +but CC 21 +that IN 3 +it PRP 23 +would MD 21 +be VB 23 +a DT 28 +`` `` 28 +reckless JJ 28 +course NN 24 +of IN 28 +action NN 29 +'' '' 28 +for IN 24 +President NNP 34 +Bush NNP 36 +to TO 36 +claim VB 32 +the DT 38 +authority NN 36 +without IN 36 +congressional JJ 41 +approval NN 39 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/verbnet3/adopt-93.xml b/corpora/verbnet3/adopt-93.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..452c4776377dd13111f8a18774635395a39b50cb --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/verbnet3/adopt-93.xml @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Soon, the new President will assume office. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/corpora/verbnet3/amuse-31.1.xml b/corpora/verbnet3/amuse-31.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5014e69c9db8c35b5eff0f42eded736bdf2b671 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/verbnet3/amuse-31.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,437 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The clown amused the children. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The little children amused easily. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The clown amused. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The clown's antics amused the children. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + That movie bored me silly. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/corpora/verbnet3/animal_sounds-38.xml b/corpora/verbnet3/animal_sounds-38.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e8f5a9840115eade291cf6377cb0e267e276791d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/verbnet3/animal_sounds-38.xml @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dog barked. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dog barked at the cat. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dog barked a warning. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Birds sang in the trees. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The tree sang with birds. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/corpora/verbnet3/base-97.1.xml b/corpora/verbnet3/base-97.1.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3096d122ee6f6e0dc599d69887ef2706023eeb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/verbnet3/base-97.1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + We based our plans on his information. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + They based their decision on whether he happened to come or not. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + They based their plan on his seizing the base. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + They based their plans on him getting in on time. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff 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